A course of chemistry containing an easie method of preparing those chymical medicins which are used in physick : with curious remarks and useful discourses upon each preparation, for the benefit of such who desire to be instructed in the knowledge of this art / by Nicholas Lemery, M.D.
         Lémery, Nicolas, 1645-1715.
      
       
         
           1686
        
      
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             A course of chemistry containing an easie method of preparing those chymical medicins which are used in physick : with curious remarks and useful discourses upon each preparation, for the benefit of such who desire to be instructed in the knowledge of this art / by Nicholas Lemery, M.D.
             Lémery, Nicolas, 1645-1715.
             Harris, Walter, 1647-1732.
          
           
             The second edition very much inlarged /
          
           [27], 548, [14] p., [3] leaves of plates : ill.
           
             Printed by R.N. for Walter Kettilby ...,
             London :
             1686.
          
           
             Includes index.
             Reproduction of original in Harvard University Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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           Chemistry -- Early works to 1800.
        
      
    
     
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           Imprimatur
           .
        
         
           
             Rob.
             Midgley
          
           .
        
         
           Aug.
           24.
           1685.
           
        
      
       
         
         
           A
           COURSE
           OF
           Chymistry
           .
           CONTAINING
           An
           easie
           Method
           of
           Preparing
           those
           Chymical
           Medicins
           which
           are
           used
           in
           PHYSICK
           .
           WITH
           Curious
           Remarks
           and
           Useful
           Discourses
           upon
           each
           Preparation
           ,
           for
           the
           benefit
           of
           such
           who
           desire
           to
           be
           instructed
           in
           the
           Knowledge
           of
           this
           ART
           .
        
         
           By
           
             NICHOLAS
             LEMERY
          
           ,
           M.
           D.
           The
           Second
           Edition
           very
           much
           Inlarged
           .
        
         
           Translated
           from
           the
           Fifth
           Edition
           in
           the
           French
           ,
           By
           
             WALTER
             HARRIS
          
           ,
           M.
           D.
           Fellow
           of
           the
           College
           of
           Physicians
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           by
           
             R.
             N.
          
           for
           
             Walter
             Kettilby
          
           ,
           at
           the
           Bishop's-Head
           in
           S.
           
           Paul's
           Church-yard
           ,
           1686.
           
        
      
       
         
         
         
           TO
           THE
           Most
           Honourable
           THE
           LORD
           MARQUISS
           OF
           WORCESTER
           .
        
         
           
             MY
             LORD
             ,
          
        
         
           IT
           may
           seem
           very
           improper
           to
           address
           a
           Translation
           out
           of
           French
           to
           Your
           Lordship
           ,
           who
           have
           spent
           so
           many
           years
           to
           the
           greatest
           advantage
           in
           France
           ,
           and
           who
           is
           not
           only
           a
           Great
           Master
           of
           that
           Gentile
           Language
           ,
           but
           of
           all
           the
           more
           eminent
           modern
           Languages
           of
           Europe
           .
           But
           those
           
           who
           have
           the
           Honour
           to
           know
           any
           thing
           of
           Your
           Lordship
           must
           needs
           allow
           ,
           that
           no
           Dedication
           of
           what
           is
           Vseful
           to
           the
           world
           ,
           or
           Learned
           in
           any
           kind
           ,
           can
           be
           more
           properly
           tendered
           than
           to
           a
           Person
           who
           being
           born
           in
           the
           Highest
           Rank
           of
           our
           Nobility
           ,
           has
           Power
           to
           Patronize
           whatsoever
           he
           takes
           into
           his
           Protection
           ,
           and
           who
           being
           fully
           replenished
           with
           all
           the
           admirable
           accomplishments
           ,
           which
           a
           mighty
           Genius
           ,
           a
           penetrating
           and
           vigorous
           Vnderstanding
           ,
           an
           early
           and
           exemplary
           Virtue
           and
           Piety
           ,
           and
           all
           sorts
           of
           Foreign
           and
           Domestick
           improvements
           could
           bestow
           ;
           in
           order
           to
           render
           Your
           Lordship
           either
           a
           Great
           Minister
           in
           affairs
           of
           State
           ,
           
           a
           Compleat
           Courtier
           ,
           an
           Eminent
           Patriot
           in
           the
           time
           of
           Peace
           ,
           a
           Valiant
           and
           Judicious
           Commander
           in
           the
           time
           of
           War
           ,
           or
           an
           excellent
           Judge
           both
           of
           Men
           and
           Books
           .
           
             My
             Lord
          
           ,
           the
           Treatise
           I
           now
           offer
           You
           ,
           is
           not
           writ
           after
           the
           usual
           way
           of
           ordinary
           Chymists
           ;
           it
           has
           none
           of
           the
           bombastick
           expressions
           ,
           nor
           ridiculous
           pretences
           ,
           none
           of
           the
           Melancholick
           Dreams
           ,
           and
           wretched
           Enthusiasms
           ,
           none
           of
           the
           palpable
           falsities
           ,
           and
           even
           impossibilities
           wherewith
           the
           common
           rate
           of
           Chymical
           Books
           has
           been
           stuff'd
           heretofore
           .
           The
           Author
           is
           no
           Believer
           in
           that
           great
           and
           unhappy
           stumbling-block
           ,
           the
           Mystery
           of
           Projection
           ,
           nor
           at
           all
           addicted
           
           to
           the
           Transmutation
           ,
           or
           rather
           Adulteration
           of
           Metals
           .
           He
           is
           an
           excellent
           Operator
           ,
           his
           Reasonings
           are
           close
           and
           pertinent
           to
           the
           matter
           in
           hand
           ,
           and
           all
           deduced
           from
           matter
           of
           Fact
           ;
           insomuch
           that
           I
           think
           he
           may
           be
           said
           to
           have
           Purified
           and
           Refined
           Chymistry
           from
           the
           many
           dregs
           and
           feculencies
           ,
           which
           by
           other
           mens
           over-refining
           ,
           and
           over-curious
           diligence
           it
           had
           been
           tainted
           with
           before
           .
           I
           shall
           not
           trouble
           Your
           Lordship
           too
           much
           with
           things
           so
           unsuitable
           as
           these
           are
           ,
           considering
           that
           Your
           Noble
           Soul
           ,
           and
           Publick
           Spirit
           is
           hourly
           engaged
           in
           serving
           ,
           and
           becoming
           highly
           useful
           to
           your
           Countrey
           upon
           the
           
           greatest
           occasions
           .
           Your
           Lordship
           had
           a
           considerable
           share
           in
           the
           happy
           conclusion
           of
           this
           Summers
           Campaign
           ,
           with
           Your
           most
           Illustrious
           Father
           ,
           his
           Grace
           my
           Lord
           Duke
           of
           Beaufort
           ,
           who
           did
           maintain
           ,
           by
           his
           Presence
           ,
           and
           Wise
           Conduct
           ,
           that
           great
           Post
           of
           the
           utmost
           importance
           ,
           the
           City
           of
           Bristol
           ,
           against
           the
           power
           of
           the
           Rebels
           ,
           who
           confidently
           gave
           out
           that
           they
           were
           sure
           of
           Bristol
           ,
           and
           doubtless
           might
           have
           been
           so
           ,
           unless
           prevented
           by
           the
           Wisdom
           and
           Courage
           of
           His
           Grace
           ,
           and
           Your
           Lordship
           .
           These
           things
           ,
           
             My
             Lord
          
           ,
           are
           but
           the
           beginning
           of
           what
           the
           World
           is
           to
           
           expect
           from
           You
           ,
           and
           may
           now
           very
           reasonably
           promise
           it self
           ,
           under
           the
           auspicious
           Government
           of
           our
           most
           Potent
           ,
           and
           most
           Invincible
           Monarch
           .
           What
           great
           thing
           may
           not
           reasonably
           be
           presumed
           ,
           when
           the
           Head
           and
           Body
           are
           so
           admirably
           fitted
           for
           the
           Conquest
           of
           the
           World
           !
           and
           the
           rather
           ,
           now
           the
           Body
           is
           so
           well
           Purged
           from
           the
           sowre
           Leaven
           of
           Intestine
           Rebellion
           .
           May
           Your
           Lordship
           long
           continue
           to
           partake
           of
           His
           Majestie
           's
           Royal
           Favour
           ,
           and
           to
           Ennoble
           the
           most
           Illustrious
           House
           of
           the
           Somersets
           ,
           with
           thousands
           of
           gallant
           Actions
           ,
           worthy
           Your self
           ,
           and
           
           worthy
           Your
           high
           Descent
           from
           some
           of
           the
           Greatest
           Men
           in
           the
           World
           ,
           for
           many
           Generations
           past
           .
           I
           am
           ,
        
         
           
             MY
             LORD
             ,
          
           
             Your
             Lordship
             's
             most
             Humble
             ,
             and
             most
             Obedient
             Servant
             ,
             WALTER
             HARRIS
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
         
           THE
           PREFACE
           .
        
         
           I
           Shall
           easily
           acknowledge
           that
           the
           world
           is
           in
           no
           want
           of
           Chymical
           Books
           ;
           Germany
           alone
           can
           sufficiently
           furnish
           those
           who
           are
           much
           inquisitive
           after
           them
           ,
           with
           as
           great
           variety
           as
           their
           heart
           can
           wish
           .
           And
           yet
           in
           this
           great
           plenty
           ,
           or
           rather
           superfluity
           of
           Books
           of
           Chymistry
           ,
           when
           we
           have
           weighed
           things
           a
           little
           maturely
           ,
           we
           shall
           find
           that
           something
           very
           material
           is
           still
           wanting
           ,
           in
           order
           to
           render
           Chymistry
           of
           good
           use
           to
           the
           World
           ;
           and
           that
           is
           ,
           to
           give
           a
           just
           and
           impartial
           judgment
           of
           the
           benefits
           and
           the
           mischiefs
           ,
           the
           safety
           and
           the
           danger
           of
           many
           great
           and
           common
           ,
           but
           
           those
           very
           Active
           Chymical
           Medicins
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           proper
           use
           ,
           or
           irregular
           application
           of
           them
           ,
           and
           according
           to
           the
           innocence
           ,
           or
           destructiveness
           of
           their
           composition
           .
           In
           order
           to
           this
           end
           ,
           I
           do
           conceive
           that
           this
           Author
           's
           plain
           and
           natural
           way
           of
           examining
           every
           Operation
           by
           Reason
           and
           Experience
           together
           ,
           his
           singular
           perspicuity
           in
           his
           Discourses
           and
           Remarks
           ,
           and
           his
           universally
           avoiding
           all
           Imaginary
           Notions
           in
           the
           explication
           of
           the
           accidents
           and
           circumstances
           which
           do
           attend
           the
           Operation
           ,
           may
           be
           a
           good
           foundation
           upon
           which
           some
           Judicious
           Practisers
           may
           hereafter
           raise
           cautions
           &
           instructions
           of
           excellent
           use
           to
           mankind
           .
        
         
           This
           Author
           is
           one
           of
           the
           first
           through-pac'd
           Chymists
           who
           has
           had
           the
           ingenuity
           and
           sagacity
           to
           suspect
           the
           influence
           of
           Fire
           on
           the
           chief
           Preparations
           made
           with
           it
           .
           For
           
           though
           Chymistry
           has
           by
           some
           been
           called
           Pyrotechnia
           ,
           or
           the
           ART
           of
           FIRE
           ,
           and
           Fire
           has
           seemed
           to
           be
           as
           much
           deified
           by
           most
           Chymists
           ,
           as
           Scaliger
           tells
           us
           ,
           Exercit.
           258.
           it
           was
           by
           the
           barbarous
           Lybians
           ,
           who
           did
           worship
           it
           as
           a
           God
           ;
           yet
           this
           worthy
           man
           has
           in
           many
           places
           of
           his
           Book
           abundantly
           acknowledged
           ,
           or
           at
           least
           sufficiently
           hinted
           at
           the
           hurt
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           the
           good
           ,
           which
           medecins
           may
           receive
           from
           its
           violent
           nature
           .
        
         
           He
           says
           ,
           p.
           21.
           
           
             
               If
               we
               consider
               impartially
               how
               Fire
               does
               act
               ,
               we
               shall
               be
               forced
               to
               acknowledge
               ,
               that
               it
               rather
               destroyes
               ,
               and
               confounds
               the
               greatest
               part
               of
               the
               bodies
               it
               opens
               ,
               and
               does
               not
               leave
               them
               in
               the
               natural
               state
               they
               were
               in
               before
               ,
               and
               especially
               when
               it
               is
               driven
               with
               that
               force
               which
               is
               necessary
               to
               draw
               them
               .
            
          
        
         
           He
           proves
           all
           Alkali
           Salts
           ,
           whether
           Volatile
           or
           Fixt
           to
           be
           changed
           from
           their
           Natural
           state
           ,
           by
           the
           means
           of
           
           Fire
           ,
           and
           also
           to
           have
           received
           ,
           and
           to
           retain
           the
           very
           particles
           and
           substance
           of
           Fire
           in
           its
           full
           activity
           ;
           and
           shews
           how
           the
           great
           ebullition
           which
           happens
           upon
           the
           mixture
           of
           Acid
           and
           Alkali
           is
           or
           may
           be
           presumed
           to
           be
           wholly
           or
           in
           great
           part
           owing
           to
           the
           fire
           contained
           in
           them
           .
           The
           heat
           ,
           and
           fume
           ,
           and
           ebullition
           ,
           the
           noise
           and
           detonation
           ,
           which
           do
           attend
           the
           making
           
             Spirit
             of
             Niter
          
           Dulcified
           ,
           do
           shew
           what
           a
           Fire
           is
           drawn
           into
           the
           body
           of
           that
           Corrosive
           Spirit
           that
           can
           make
           so
           remarkable
           a
           conflict
           and
           bustle
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           even
           ready
           to
           take
           flame
           of
           it self
           ,
           though
           the
           operation
           or
           Dulcification
           be
           made
           without
           coming
           near
           the
           fire
           ,
           and
           though
           there
           is
           no
           appearance
           of
           Alkali
           contending
           with
           Acid
           ,
           to
           cause
           the
           aforesaid
           tumult
           ,
           see
           the
           Remarks
           on
           
             Spirit
             of
             Niter
          
           Dulcified
           ,
           p.
           302
           ,
           303.
           
           The
           same
           thing
           happens
           upon
           mixing
           
             Oil
             of
             Vitriol
          
           ,
           
           (
           another
           Corrosive
           Acid
           )
           with
           
             Oil
             of
             Turpentine
          
           ,
           which
           is
           no
           Alkali
           ;
           the
           mixture
           grows
           so
           hot
           ,
           through
           the
           Fire
           contained
           in
           the
           Acid
           ,
           
             that
             it
             sometimes
             breaks
             the
             Viol
             ,
             and
             often
             produces
             a
             considerable
             ebullition
             ,
          
           see
           p.
           342.
           
        
         
           He
           observes
           ,
           that
           water
           thrown
           upon
           Tartar
           newly
           Calcined
           ,
           does
           heat
           and
           cause
           ebullition
           ,
           after
           the
           manner
           as
           it
           does
           with
           Quicklime
           ,
           the
           Fire
           that
           was
           entred
           into
           it
           making
           a
           violent
           eruption
           .
        
         
           He
           is
           the
           first
           perhaps
           who
           has
           taken
           such
           particular
           notice
           ,
           what
           an
           augmentation
           of
           weight
           is
           added
           to
           many
           Preparations
           by
           the
           concurrence
           and
           incorporation
           of
           the
           substance
           of
           Fire
           into
           their
           composition
           ,
           as
           you
           may
           see
           in
           the
           Calcination
           of
           
             Lead
             ,
             p.
          
           107.
           in
           the
           Distillation
           of
           
             Spirit
             of
             Saturn
          
           from
           the
           
             Salt
             of
             Saturn
             ,
             p.
          
           116.
           in
           the
           Calcination
           of
           Regulus
           of
           Antimony
           ,
           p.
           208.
           and
           even
           
           in
           the
           Calcination
           of
           Antimony
           by
           the
           heat
           of
           the
           Sun
           with
           a
           burning-glass
           ,
           p.
           228.
           which
           few
           instances
           may
           possibly
           lead
           the
           way
           to
           Inquisitive
           persons
           to
           discover
           the
           same
           augmentation
           in
           divers
           other
           Preparations
           .
        
         
           His
           addiction
           to
           Chymistry
           has
           not
           heated
           his
           head
           with
           fond
           and
           groundless
           hopes
           of
           attaining
           Projection
           ,
           nor
           led
           him
           to
           abuse
           the
           world
           with
           Counterfeiting
           the
           Nobler
           Metals
           ,
           but
           he
           has
           candidly
           exposed
           the
           impostures
           of
           Alchymists
           at
           large
           ,
           in
           the
           Chapter
           of
           
             Gold
             ,
             p.
          
           49
           ,
           &c.
           
           I
           shall
           say
           nothing
           of
           his
           description
           of
           the
           Phosphorus
           ,
           and
           divers
           other
           new
           matters
           delivered
           in
           this
           Edition
           .
           I
           dare
           presume
           the
           Judicious
           Reader
           will
           not
           dislike
           many
           things
           in
           the
           Book
           ,
           when
           he
           has
           a
           little
           considered
           them
           .
        
         
           Therefore
           although
           we
           may
           possibly
           
           be
           overstockt
           with
           Books
           that
           pretend
           to
           Chymistry
           ,
           yet
           I
           hope
           the
           discerning
           Reader
           will
           think
           it
           no
           dis-service
           ,
           that
           I
           become
           an
           instrument
           of
           adding
           one
           more
           good
           Book
           of
           this
           kind
           to
           the
           number
           of
           our
           bad
           ones
           :
           the
           kind
           reception
           which
           the
           former
           Edition
           met
           with
           ,
           when
           comparatively
           short
           and
           imperfect
           ,
           has
           already
           in
           some
           measure
           bespoke
           the
           welcom
           ,
           which
           this
           may
           reasonably
           hope
           for
           ,
           being
           revised
           ,
           and
           very
           much
           inlarged
           by
           the
           ingenious
           Author
           ,
           and
           when
           compared
           with
           the
           former
           Edition
           will
           be
           found
           to
           bear
           the
           proportion
           of
           a
           Man
           in
           his
           full
           strength
           and
           vigor
           ,
           to
           that
           of
           a
           growing
           hopeful
           Youth
           .
        
         
           I
           will
           not
           detain
           you
           from
           the
           work
           it self
           ,
           only
           would
           advise
           young
           Students
           ,
           for
           whose
           instruction
           it
           is
           principally
           designed
           ,
           not
           to
           be
           too
           bold
           in
           the
           use
           of
           such
           Medicins
           as
           
           have
           undergone
           great
           Fires
           ,
           nor
           to
           be
           over-credulous
           in
           believing
           the
           strange
           wonders
           ,
           and
           most
           mighty
           Cures
           which
           too
           many
           other
           Chymists
           have
           extravagantly
           boasted
           ,
           and
           most
           solemnly
           ,
           but
           groundlesly
           assured
           us
           .
           The
           wise
           Hippocrates
           will
           acquaint
           them
           ,
           that
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           .
           And
           Galen
           frequently
           teaches
           ,
           that
           Nature
           is
           abundantly
           wiser
           in
           her
           works
           than
           Art
           can
           be
           ;
           and
           that
           the
           Works
           of
           Nature
           are
           far
           above
           our
           greatest
           praises
           ,
           and
           deserve
           our
           highest
           admiration
           ,
           as
           may
           be
           seen
           more
           at
           large
           in
           his
           7.
           and
           11.
           
           Books
           of
           that
           excellent
           Tract
           ,
           
             de
             usu
             partium
          
           .
        
         
           A
           good
           Physician
           must
           have
           studied
           Art
           and
           Nature
           too
           .
           And
           a
           Chymist
           of
           the
           first
           rank
           will
           find
           himself
           never
           the
           worse
           an
           Artist
           ,
           by
           his
           being
           likewise
           a
           skilful
           Naturalist
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           A
           TABLE
           OF
           THE
           CHAPTERS
           .
        
         
           
             OF
             Chymistry
             in
             general
             .
             
               Page
               1
            
          
           
             Of
             the
             Principles
             of
             Chymistry
             .
             2
          
           
             Remarks
             upon
             the
             Principles
             .
             5
          
           
             Of
             Chymical
             Vessels
             and
             Furnaces
             .
             31
          
           
             The
             Figures
             ,
             or
             Cutts
             .
             32
          
           
             Of
             Lutes
             .
             37
          
           
             Of
             the
             Degrees
             of
             Fire
             .
             38
          
           
             Explication
             of
             many
             Terms
             that
             are
             used
             in
             Chymistry
             .
             40
          
        
         
           
             FIRST
             PART
             .
             
               Of
               Minerals
               .
               45
            
          
           
             
               Chap.
               I.
               
            
             OF
             Gold.
             48
          
           
             Purification
             of
             Gold.
             61
          
           
             Amalgamation
             of
             Gold
             with
             Mercury
             ,
             and
             its
             reduction
             into
             an
             impalpable
             Powder
             .
             65
          
           
             
               Aurum
               Fulminans
            
             ,
             called
             the
             Saffron
             of
             Gold.
             66
          
           
             
               Chap.
               II.
               
            
             Of
             Silver
             .
             74
          
           
             Purification
             of
             Silver
             .
             75
          
           
             
             Crystals
             of
             Silver
             ,
             called
             Vitriol
             of
             the
             Moon
             .
             80
          
           
             Infernal
             Stone
             ,
             or
             perpetual
             Caustick
             .
             83
          
           
             Tincture
             of
             the
             Moon
             .
             85
          
           
             Diana's
             Tree
             .
             89
          
           
             
               Chap.
               III.
               
            
             Of
             Tinn
             .
             92
          
           
             Pulverisation
             of
             Tinn
             .
             ib.
             
          
           
             Calcination
             of
             Tinn
             .
             93
          
           
             Salt
             of
             Jupiter
             ,
             or
             Tinn
             .
             94
          
           
             Sublimation
             of
             Tinn
             .
             96
          
           
             Magistery
             of
             Jupiter
             ,
             or
             Tinn
             .
             97
          
           
             Flowers
             of
             Jupiter
             ,
             or
             Tinn
             .
             98
          
           
             
               Chap.
               IV.
               
            
             Of
             Bismuth
             ,
             called
             Tinn-glass
             .
             101
          
           
             Flowers
             of
             Bismuth
             .
             102
          
           
             Magistery
             of
             Bismuth
             .
             ib.
             
          
           
             
               Chap.
               V.
               
            
             Of
             Lead
             .
             105
          
           
             Calcination
             of
             Lead
             .
             106
          
           
             Salt
             of
             Saturn
             .
             108
          
           
             Magistery
             of
             Saturn
             .
             111
          
           
             Balsom
             ,
             or
             Oil
             of
             Saturn
             .
             113
          
           
             Burning
             Spirit
             of
             Saturn
             .
             114
          
           
             
               Chap.
               VI.
               
            
             of
             Copper
             .
             118
          
           
             Calcination
             of
             Copper
             .
             122
          
           
             Purification
             of
             Copper
             .
             123
          
           
             Vitriol
             of
             Venus
             ,
             or
             Copper
             .
             124
          
           
             Other
             Crystals
             of
             
               Venus
               .
               126
            
          
           
             Spirit
             of
             
               Venus
               .
               128
            
          
           
             
               Chap.
               VII
               .
            
             Of
             Iron
             .
             130
          
           
             Opening
             Saffron
             of
             
               Mars
               .
               132
            
          
           
             Another
             Opening
             Saffron
             of
             
               Mars
               .
               138
            
          
           
             Another
             Opening
             Saffron
             of
             
               Mars
               .
               139
            
          
           
             Binding
             Saffron
             of
             
               Mars
               .
               142
            
          
           
             Salt
             ,
             or
             Vitriol
             of
             
               Mars
               .
               143
            
          
           
             Another
             Vitriol
             of
             
               Mars
               .
               145
            
          
           
             Tincture
             of
             Mars
             with
             Tartar.
             147
          
           
             
             Opening
             Extract
             of
             
               Mars
               .
               148
            
          
           
             Binding
             Extract
             of
             
               Mars
               .
               150
            
          
           
             Mars
             Diaphoretick
             .
             152
          
           
             
               Chap.
               VIII
               .
            
             Of
             Mercury
             .
             154
          
           
             Artificial
             Cinnabar
             .
             156
          
           
             Reviving
             of
             Cinnabar
             into
             Quick-silver
             .
             158
          
           
             Sublimate
             Corrosive
             ,
             170
          
           
             Sweet
             Sublimate
             ,
             or
             
               Mercurius
               dulcis
               .
               183
            
          
           
             White
             Precipitate
             .
             186
          
           
             Red
             Precipitate
             .
             191
          
           
             Turbith
             Mineral
             ,
             or
             Yellow
             Precipitate
             .
             195
          
           
             Oil
             ,
             or
             Liquor
             of
             Mercury
             .
             196
          
           
             Another
             Oil
             of
             Mercury
             .
             197
          
           
             Other
             Precipitates
             of
             Mercury
             .
             198
          
           
             
               Chap.
               IX
               .
            
             Of
             Antimony
             .
             202
          
           
             Common
             Regulus
             of
             Antimony
             .
             204
          
           
             Golden
             Sulphur
             of
             Antimony
             .
             209
          
           
             Regulus
             of
             Antimony
             with
             
               Mars
               .
               210
            
          
           
             Glass
             of
             Antimony
             .
             214
          
           
             
               Crocus
               Metallorum
            
             ,
             or
             Liver
             of
             Antimony
             .
             217
          
           
             
               Antimonium
               Diaphoreticum
               .
               222
            
          
           
             Another
             
               Antimonium
               Diaphoreticum
               .
               225
            
          
           
             Flowers
             of
             Antimony
             .
             229
          
           
             Red
             Flowers
             of
             Antimony
             .
             230
          
           
             Butter
             ,
             or
             Icy
             Oil
             of
             Antimony
             .
             231
          
           
             Butter
             of
             Antimony
             ,
             together
             with
             its
             Cinnabar
             .
             233
          
           
             The
             Emetick
             Powder
             of
             Algarot
             ,
             or
             
               Mercurius
               vitae
               .
               236
            
          
           
             Bezoar
             Mineral
             .
             238
          
           
             Caustick
             Oil
             of
             Antimony
             .
             240
          
           
             Another
             Oil
             of
             Antimony
             .
             242
          
           
             
               Chap.
               X.
               
            
             Of
             Arsenick
             .
             244
          
           
             Regulus
             of
             Arsenick
             .
             245
          
           
             
             Sublimate
             of
             Arsenick
             .
             246
          
           
             Caustick
             Arsenick
             .
             248
          
           
             Corrosive
             Oil
             of
             Arsenick
             .
             249
          
           
             
               Chap.
               XI
               .
            
             Of
             Quick-lime
             .
             251
          
           
             Phagedenick
             water
             .
             254
          
           
             Caustick
             Stones
             ,
             or
             Cauteries
             .
             255
          
           
             Sympathetical
             Inks.
             258
          
           
             
               Chap.
               XII
               .
            
             Of
             Flints
             .
             263
          
           
             Calcination
             of
             Flints
             .
             264
          
           
             Tincture
             of
             Flints
             .
             265
          
           
             Liquor
             of
             Flints
             .
             266
          
           
             
               Chap.
               XIII
               .
            
             Oil
             of
             Bricks
             .
             268
          
           
             
               Chap.
               XIV
               .
            
             Of
             Coral
             .
             270
          
           
             Dissolution
             of
             Coral
             .
             272
          
           
             Magistery
             of
             Coral
             .
             274
          
           
             Salt
             of
             Coral
             .
             276
          
           
             
               Chap.
               XV.
               
            
             Of
             Common
             Salt.
             277
          
           
             Calcination
             of
             Common
             Salt.
             281
          
           
             Spirit
             of
             Salt.
             282
          
           
             
               Chap.
               XVI
               .
            
             Of
             Niter
             ,
             or
             Salt-peter
             .
             289
          
           
             Purification
             of
             Salt-peter
             .
             291
          
           
             Crystal
             Mineral
             ,
             called
             
               Sal
               Prunellae
               .
               293
            
          
           
             
               Sal
               Polycrestum
               .
               296
            
          
           
             Spirit
             of
             Niter
             .
             298
          
           
             Spirit
             of
             Niter
             dulcified
             .
             300
          
           
             
               Aqua
               Fortis
               .
               304
            
          
           
             Fixation
             of
             Salt-peter
             into
             an
             Alkali
             Salt.
             306
          
           
             
               Chap.
               XVII
               .
            
             Of
             Sal
             Armoniack
             .
             310
          
           
             Flowers
             of
             Sal
             Armoniack
             .
             311
          
           
             
               Aqua
               Regalis
               .
               312
            
          
           
             Volatile
             Spirit
             of
             Sal
             Armoniack
             .
             317
          
           
             Another
             Preparation
             of
             the
             Volatile
             Spirit
             of
             Sal
             Armoniack
             ,
             together
             with
             its
             Flowers
             ,
             and
             Fixt
             Salt
             against
             Fevers
             .
             321
          
           
             
             Acid
             Spirit
             of
             Sal
             Armoniack
             .
             328
          
           
             
               Chap.
               XVIII
               .
            
             Of
             Vitriol
             .
             329
          
           
             
               Gilla
               Vitrioli
            
             ,
             or
             Vomitive
             Vitriol
             .
             331
          
           
             Calcination
             of
             Vitriol
             .
             332
          
           
             Distillation
             of
             Vitriol
             .
             338
          
           
             Styptick
             Water
             .
             346
          
           
             
               Lapis
               Medicamentosus
               .
               347
            
          
           
             Salt
             of
             Vitriol
             .
             348
          
           
             
               Chap.
               XIX
               .
            
             Of
             Roche-Alom
             ,
             and
             its
             Purification
             .
             350
          
           
             Distillation
             of
             Alom
             .
             ibid.
             
          
           
             
               Chap.
               XX.
               
            
             Of
             Sulphur
             .
             353
          
           
             Flower
             of
             Sulphur
             .
             ib.
             
          
           
             Magistery
             of
             Sulphur
             .
             355
          
           
             Balsom
             of
             Sulphur
             .
             357
          
           
             Spirit
             of
             Sulphur
             .
             358
          
           
             Salt
             of
             Sulphur
             .
             361
          
           
             
               Chap.
               XXI
               .
            
             Of
             Succinum
             ,
             or
             Ambar
             .
             363
          
           
             Tincture
             of
             Ambar
             .
             364
          
           
             Distillation
             of
             Ambar
             ,
             and
             the
             Rectification
             of
             its
             Oil
             and
             Spirit
             .
             365
          
           
             Volatile
             Salt
             of
             Ambar
             .
             370
          
           
             
               Chap.
               XXII
               .
            
             of
             Ambar-grease
             .
             372
          
           
             Essence
             of
             Ambar-grease
             .
             373
          
        
         
           
             SECOND
             PART
             .
             Of
             Vegetables
             .
          
           
             
               Chap.
               I.
               
            
             OF
             Jalap
             .
             375
          
           
             Rosin
             ,
             or
             Magistery
             of
             Jalap
             .
             ib.
             
          
           
             
               Chap.
               II.
               
            
             Of
             Rhubarb
             .
             379
          
           
             
             Extract
             of
             Rhubarb
             .
             380
          
           
             
               Chap.
               III.
               
            
             Of
             the
             Wood
             
               Guaiacum
               .
               383
            
          
           
             Distillation
             of
             
               Guaiacum
               .
               ib.
            
             
          
           
             
               Chap.
               IV.
               
            
             Of
             Paper
             .
             386
          
           
             Oil
             and
             Spirit
             of
             Paper
             .
             387
          
           
             
               Chap.
               V.
               
            
             Of
             Cinnamon
             .
             389
          
           
             Oil
             ,
             or
             Essence
             of
             Cinnamon
             ,
             and
             its
             Celestial
             water
             .
             390
          
           
             Tincture
             of
             Cinnamon
             .
             392
          
           
             
               Chap.
               VI.
               
            
             Of
             the
             Bark
             of
             
               Peru.
               393
            
          
           
             Tincture
             of
             the
             Peruvian
             Bark
             .
             395
          
           
             Extract
             of
             Peruvian
             Bark
             .
             397
          
           
             
               Chap.
               VII
               .
            
             Of
             Cloves
             .
             399
          
           
             Oil
             of
             Cloves
             
               per
               Descensum
               .
               ib.
            
             
          
           
             
               Chap.
               VIII
               .
            
             Of
             Nutmegs
             .
             401
          
           
             Oil
             of
             Nutmegs
             .
             402
          
           
             
               Chap.
               IX
               .
            
             Distillation
             of
             an
             odoriferous
             Plant
             ,
             such
             as
             Balm
             ,
             its
             Extract
             and
             Fixt
             Salt.
             404
          
           
             
               Chap.
               X.
               
            
             Distillation
             of
             a
             Plant
             that
             is
             not
             Odoriferous
             ,
             such
             as
             
               Carduus
               Benedictus
            
             and
             its
             Essential
             Salt.
             406
          
           
             
               Chap.
               XI
               .
            
             Of
             Sugar
             .
             408
          
           
             Spirit
             of
             Sugar
             .
             410
          
           
             
               Chap.
               XII
               .
            
             Of
             Wine
             .
             412
          
           
             Distillation
             of
             Wine
             into
             Brandy
             .
             417
          
           
             Spirit
             of
             Wine
             .
             421
          
           
             Spirit
             of
             Wine
             Tartarised
             .
             425
          
           
             Queen
             of
             
             Hungary's
             Water
             .
             427
          
           
             
               Chap.
               XIII
               .
            
             Of
             Vinegar
             .
             429
          
           
             Distillation
             of
             Vinegar
             .
             430
          
           
             
               Chap.
               XIV
               .
            
             Of
             Tartar.
             433
          
           
             Crystals
             of
             Tartar.
             ib.
             
          
           
             Soluble
             Tartar.
             435
          
           
             Chalybeated
             Crystals
             of
             Tartar.
             437
          
           
             
             Chalybeated
             Soluble
             Tartar
             ,
             438
          
           
             Soluble
             Emetick
             Tartar
             ,
             439
          
           
             Another
             Soluble
             Emetick
             Tartar
             ,
             441
          
           
             Distillation
             of
             Tartar
             ,
             441
          
           
             Fixt
             Salt
             of
             Tartar
             ,
             and
             its
             Liquor
             ,
             called
             Oil
             of
             Tartar
             
               per
               Deliquium
               ,
               444
            
          
           
             Tincture
             of
             Salt
             of
             Tartar
             ,
             447
          
           
             Magistery
             of
             Tartar
             ,
             or
             
               Tartarum
               Vitriolatum
               ,
               450
            
          
           
             Volatile
             Salt
             of
             Tartar
             ,
             462
          
           
             
               Chap.
               XV.
               
            
             Of
             
               Opium
               ,
               467
            
          
           
             Extract
             of
             Opium
             ,
             called
             
               Laudanum
               ,
               468
            
          
           
             
               Chap.
               XVI
               .
            
             Of
             Aloes
             ,
             477
          
           
             Extract
             of
             Aloes
             ,
             478
          
           
             
               Chap.
               XVII
               .
            
             Elixir
             Proprietatis
             ,
             479
          
           
             
               Chap.
               XVIII
               .
            
             Of
             Tabaco
             ,
             481
          
           
             Distillation
             of
             Tabaco
             ,
             482
          
           
             
               Chap.
               XIX
               .
            
             
               Extractum
               Panchymagogum
               ,
               484
            
          
           
             
               Chap.
               XX.
               
            
             Of
             Turpentine
             ,
             488
          
           
             Distillation
             of
             Turpentine
             ,
             489
          
           
             
               Chap.
               XXI
               .
            
             Of
             Benjamin
             ,
             491
          
           
             Flowers
             of
             Benjamin
             ,
             and
             its
             Oil
             ,
             492
          
           
             Tincture
             of
             Benjamin
             ,
             493
          
           
             
               Chap.
               XXII
               .
            
             Of
             Camphire
             ,
             494
          
           
             Oil
             of
             Camphire
             ,
             495
          
           
             
               Chap.
               XXIII
               .
            
             Of
             Gumm
             Ammoniack
             ,
             497
          
           
             Distillation
             of
             Gumm
             Ammoniack
             ,
             498
          
           
             
               Chap.
               XXIV
               .
            
             Of
             Myrrhe
             ,
             500
          
           
             Tincture
             of
             Myrrhe
             ,
             501
          
           
             Oil
             of
             Myrrhe
             
               per
               deliquium
               ,
               502
            
          
        
         
           
           
             THIRD
             PART
             .
             Of
             Animals
             .
          
           
             
               Chap.
               I.
               
            
             OF
             the
             Viper
             ,
             505
          
           
             Distillation
             of
             Vipers
             ,
             512
          
           
             
               Chap.
               II.
               
            
             Distillation
             of
             Vrine
             ,
             and
             its
             Volatile
             Salt
             ,
             520
          
           
             The
             
               PHOSPHORUS
               ,
               523
            
          
           
             The
             Hermetick
             PHOSPHORUS
             of
             
               Baldwinus
               ,
               538
            
          
           
             
               Chap.
               III.
               
            
             Of
             Honey
             ,
             542
          
           
             Distillation
             of
             Honey
             ,
             543
          
           
             
               Chap.
               IV.
               
            
             Distillation
             of
             Wax
             ,
             545
          
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           A
           COURSE
           OF
           CHYMISTRY
           .
        
         
           
             Of
             Chymistry
             in
             General
             .
          
           
             THE
             Word
             Chymistry
             is
             derived
             from
             the
             Greek
             word
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             a
             Juyce
             ,
             or
             from
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             to
             melt
             ;
             because
             it
             teaches
             us
             to
             separate
             the
             purer
             substances
             of
             Mixt
             bodies
             ,
             which
             are
             sometimes
             called
             Juices
             ;
             and
             because
             it
             shews
             us
             how
             to
             melt
             things
             that
             are
             of
             the
             most
             solid
             nature
             .
             The
             Chymists
             have
             added
             the
             Arabian
             particle
             Al
             ,
             in
             the
             word
             Alchymy
             ,
             intending
             to
             give
             it
             a
             sublime
             signification
             ,
             as
             particularly
             when
             the
             Transmutation
             of
             Metals
             is
             understood
             by
             it
             ,
             though
             otherwise
             Alchymy
             signifies
             no
             more
             than
             Chymistry
             .
             It
             is
             called
             the
             
               Spagirick
               Art
            
             ,
             from
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             and
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             to
             separate
             ,
             and
             to
             gather
             together
             ,
             because
             it
             teaches
             how
             to
             separate
             the
             useful
             parts
             of
             a
             body
             from
             the
             unuseful
             ,
             and
             how
             to
             joyn
             them
             together
             again
             .
             'T
             is
             called
             the
             
               Hermetick
               Art
            
             ,
             from
             
             Hermes
             ,
             one
             of
             the
             first
             Inventors
             of
             it
             .
             Lastly
             ,
             it
             has
             been
             called
             Pyrotechnia
             ,
             from
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             and
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             signifying
             the
             Art
             of
             Fire
             ;
             for
             in
             effect
             it
             is
             by
             Fire
             that
             we
             bring
             all
             Chymical
             Operations
             to
             pass
             .
             Other
             names
             have
             been
             given
             to
             this
             Art
             ,
             but
             because
             the
             knowledge
             of
             them
             is
             to
             no
             great
             purpose
             ,
             we
             will
             be
             contented
             with
             having
             related
             some
             of
             the
             chief
             .
          
           
             Chymistry
             is
             an
             Art
             that
             teaches
             how
             to
             separate
             the
             different
             substances
             which
             are
             found
             in
             Mixt
             bodies
             :
             I
             mean
             by
             a
             Mixt
             body
             those
             things
             that
             naturally
             grow
             and
             increase
             ,
             such
             as
             Minerals
             ,
             Vegetables
             ,
             and
             Animals
             .
             Under
             the
             name
             of
             Minerals
             ,
             I
             comprehend
             the
             Seven
             Metals
             ,
             Minerals
             ,
             Stones
             ,
             and
             Earths
             ;
             under
             Vegetables
             ,
             I
             understand
             Plants
             ,
             Gumms
             ,
             Rosins
             ,
             Fruits
             ,
             the
             several
             sorts
             of
             Fungus
             ,
             Seeds
             ,
             Juyces
             ,
             Flowers
             ,
             Mosses
             ,
             and
             whatsoever
             else
             comes
             from
             them
             .
             Among
             these
             also
             I
             reckon
             Manna
             ,
             Honey
             ,
             and
             those
             that
             are
             called
             imperfect
             Mixts
             .
             And
             under
             Animals
             I
             contain
             both
             the
             Animals
             themselves
             ,
             and
             whatsoever
             belongs
             to
             them
             ,
             as
             their
             parts
             and
             excrements
             .
             But
             before
             I
             begin
             to
             speak
             particularly
             of
             all
             these
             things
             ,
             I
             believe
             it
             will
             be
             convenient
             to
             say
             something
             of
             the
             Principles
             of
             Chymistry
             ,
             and
             give
             a
             general
             Idea
             of
             Furnaces
             ,
             Lutes
             ,
             the
             degrees
             of
             Fire
             ,
             and
             Terms
             that
             may
             occasion
             any
             obscurity
             .
          
        
         
           
             Of
             the
             Principles
             of
             Chymistry
             .
          
           
             The
             First
             Principle
             that
             can
             be
             admitted
             for
             the
             composition
             of
             Mixts
             ,
             is
             an
             
               Vniversal
               Spirit
            
             ,
             which
             
             being
             diffused
             through
             all
             the
             world
             ,
             produces
             different
             things
             according
             to
             the
             different
             Matrixes
             ,
             or
             Pores
             of
             the
             earth
             in
             which
             it
             settles
             .
             But
             because
             this
             Principle
             is
             a
             little
             Metaphysical
             ,
             and
             falls
             not
             under
             our
             senses
             ,
             it
             will
             be
             fit
             to
             establish
             some
             sensible
             ones
             ;
             wherefore
             I
             shall
             relate
             those
             that
             are
             commonly
             held
             .
          
           
             Whereas
             the
             Chymists
             in
             making
             the
             Analysis
             of
             Mixt
             bodies
             have
             met
             with
             five
             sorts
             of
             Substances
             ,
             they
             therefore
             concluded
             that
             there
             were
             five
             Principles
             of
             Natural
             things
             ,
             
               Water
               ,
               Spirit
               ,
               Oil
               ,
               Salt
               ,
            
             and
             Earth
             .
             Of
             these
             five
             ,
             three
             of
             them
             are
             Active
             ,
             the
             
               Spirit
               ,
               Oil
            
             ,
             and
             Salt
             ;
             and
             two
             Passive
             ,
             Water
             and
             Earth
             .
             They
             called
             them
             active
             ,
             by
             reason
             they
             do
             cause
             all
             manner
             of
             action
             ;
             and
             the
             others
             passive
             ,
             because
             being
             in
             repose
             themselves
             ,
             they
             only
             serve
             to
             stop
             and
             hinder
             the
             quick
             motion
             of
             the
             actives
             .
          
           
             The
             Spirit
             which
             is
             called
             Mercury
             is
             the
             first
             of
             the
             Active
             principles
             ,
             that
             appears
             to
             us
             ,
             when
             we
             make
             the
             Anatomy
             of
             a
             mixt
             body
             .
             'T
             is
             a
             subtile
             ,
             piercing
             ,
             light
             substance
             ,
             that
             is
             more
             in
             motion
             than
             any
             of
             the
             others
             .
             It
             is
             this
             which
             causes
             all
             Bodies
             to
             grow
             in
             more
             or
             less
             time
             ,
             according
             as
             it
             abounds
             in
             them
             more
             or
             less
             .
             But
             it
             happens
             that
             the
             Bodies
             wherein
             it
             abounds
             are
             more
             liable
             to
             corruption
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             its
             too
             great
             motion
             ,
             and
             this
             is
             observ'd
             in
             Animals
             and
             Vegetables
             .
             On
             the
             contrary
             the
             greatest
             part
             of
             Minerals
             ,
             as
             containing
             but
             a
             very
             small
             quantity
             of
             it
             ,
             do
             seem
             to
             be
             incorruptible
             .
             It
             cannot
             be
             drawn
             pure
             ,
             no
             more
             than
             the
             others
             I
             am
             going
             to
             speak
             of
             .
             But
             either
             it
             is
             involv'd
             in
             a
             little
             Oil
             ,
             that
             it
             carries
             along
             with
             it
             ,
             and
             then
             may
             be
             
             called
             a
             Volatile
             Spirit
             ,
             such
             as
             the
             Spirit
             of
             Wine
             ,
             of
             Roses
             ,
             of
             Rosemary
             ,
             of
             Juniper
             ;
             or
             else
             is
             detained
             by
             some
             Salts
             ,
             which
             check
             its
             Volatility
             ,
             and
             then
             may
             be
             called
             a
             
               fixt
               Spirit
            
             ,
             as
             the
             Acid
             Spirits
             of
             Vitriol
             ,
             Alum
             ,
             Salt
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             The
             Oil
             which
             is
             called
             Sulphur
             by
             reason
             of
             its
             inflammability
             ,
             is
             a
             sweet
             ,
             subtile
             ,
             unctuous
             substance
             ,
             that
             rises
             after
             the
             Spirit
             .
             This
             is
             said
             to
             cause
             the
             diversity
             of
             Colours
             and
             Smells
             ,
             according
             to
             its
             disposition
             in
             Bodies
             :
             this
             gives
             them
             their
             Beauty
             ,
             and
             Deformity
             ,
             uniting
             together
             the
             other
             Principles
             :
             this
             also
             sweetens
             the
             acrimony
             of
             Salts
             ,
             and
             by
             shutting
             up
             the
             Pores
             of
             a
             mixt
             ,
             hinders
             it
             from
             corrupting
             ,
             either
             through
             too
             much
             moisture
             or
             cold
             .
             Wherefore
             many
             Trees
             and
             Plants
             that
             have
             a
             great
             deal
             of
             Oil
             ,
             are
             wont
             to
             last
             green
             much
             longer
             than
             others
             ,
             and
             can
             resist
             the
             extremity
             of
             ill
             weathers
             .
             It
             is
             always
             drawn
             impure
             .
             For
             either
             it
             is
             mixt
             with
             Spirits
             ,
             as
             the
             Oils
             of
             Rosemary
             ,
             of
             Lavender
             ,
             which
             swim
             above
             the
             water
             ;
             or
             else
             it
             is
             fill'd
             with
             Salts
             ,
             that
             it
             draws
             along
             with
             it
             in
             the
             distillation
             ,
             as
             the
             Oil
             of
             Box
             ,
             Guaiacum
             ,
             Cloves
             ,
             which
             do
             precipitate
             to
             the
             bottom
             of
             the
             water
             by
             reason
             of
             their
             weight
             .
          
           
             Salt
             is
             the
             last
             of
             the
             Active
             Principles
             ,
             which
             remains
             disguised
             in
             the
             Earth
             ,
             after
             the
             other
             Principles
             are
             extracted
             .
             It
             is
             drawn
             by
             pouring
             water
             upon
             the
             earth
             to
             imbibe
             its
             Salt
             ;
             then
             filtring
             the
             dissolution
             ,
             and
             evaporating
             all
             the
             moisture
             ,
             a
             Salt
             is
             found
             at
             the
             bottom
             of
             the
             Vessel
             .
             It
             is
             a
             fixt
             ,
             incombustible
             substance
             ,
             that
             gives
             Bodies
             their
             consistence
             ,
             and
             preserves
             them
             from
             corruption
             .
             This
             causes
             the
             diversity
             of
             tasts
             ,
             according
             as
             it
             is
             diversly
             mixed
             .
          
           
           
             There
             are
             three
             different
             Salts
             ,
             as
             the
             
               Fixt
               ,
               Volatile
            
             ,
             and
             Essential
             .
             The
             
               Fixt
               Salt
            
             is
             that
             which
             remains
             after
             Calcination
             :
             the
             Volatile
             is
             that
             which
             easily
             riseth
             ,
             as
             the
             Salt
             of
             Animals
             :
             And
             
               Essential
               Salt
            
             is
             that
             which
             is
             obtained
             from
             the
             Juyce
             of
             Plants
             by
             Crystallization
             .
             This
             last
             is
             between
             the
             Fixt
             and
             Volatile
             .
          
           
             Water
             ,
             which
             is
             called
             Phlegm
             ,
             is
             the
             first
             of
             the
             Passive
             Principles
             :
             it
             comes
             in
             distillation
             before
             the
             Spirits
             when
             they
             are
             fixt
             ,
             or
             after
             them
             when
             they
             are
             volatile
             .
             It
             is
             never
             drawn
             pure
             ,
             but
             always
             receives
             some
             impression
             from
             the
             Active
             Principles
             .
             And
             this
             causes
             it
             to
             have
             a
             more
             detersive
             virtue
             in
             it
             than
             common
             Water
             .
             It
             serves
             to
             separate
             the
             Active
             Principles
             ,
             and
             to
             bridle
             their
             motion
             .
          
           
             The
             Earth
             ,
             which
             is
             called
             
               Caput
               Mortuum
            
             ,
             or
             
               Terra
               Damnata
            
             ,
             is
             the
             last
             of
             the
             Passive
             Principles
             ,
             and
             can
             no
             more
             be
             separated
             pure
             than
             the
             rest
             ,
             but
             will
             still
             retain
             some
             Spirits
             in
             it
             ;
             and
             if
             after
             you
             have
             depriv'd
             it
             of
             them
             as
             much
             as
             you
             are
             able
             ,
             you
             leave
             it
             a
             good
             while
             exposed
             to
             the
             Air
             ,
             it
             will
             recover
             new
             Spirits
             again
             .
          
           
             
               Remarks
               upon
               the
               Principles
               .
            
             
               The
               word
               Principle
               in
               Chymistry
               must
               not
               be
               understood
               in
               too
               nice
               a
               sense
               :
               for
               the
               substances
               which
               are
               so
               called
               ,
               are
               only
               Principles
               in
               respect
               of
               us
               ,
               and
               as
               we
               can
               advance
               no
               farther
               in
               the
               division
               of
               bodies
               ;
               but
               we
               well
               know
               that
               they
               may
               be
               still
               divided
               into
               abundance
               of
               other
               parts
               ,
               which
               may
               more
               justly
               claim
               ,
               in
               propriety
               of
               
               speech
               ,
               the
               name
               of
               Principles
               :
               wherefore
               such
               substances
               are
               to
               be
               understood
               by
               
                 Chymical
                 Principles
              
               ,
               as
               are
               separated
               and
               divided
               ,
               so
               far
               as
               we
               are
               capable
               of
               doing
               it
               by
               our
               weak
               imperfect
               powers
               .
               And
               because
               Chymistry
               is
               an
               Art
               that
               demonstrates
               what
               it
               does
               ,
               it
               receives
               for
               fundamental
               only
               such
               things
               as
               are
               palpable
               and
               demonstrable
               .
               It
               is
               in
               truth
               a
               great
               advantage
               to
               us
               ,
               that
               we
               have
               Principles
               so
               sensible
               as
               they
               are
               ,
               and
               whereof
               we
               can
               have
               so
               reasonable
               an
               assurance
               .
               The
               fond
               conceits
               of
               other
               Philosophers
               ,
               concerning
               
                 Natural
                 Principles
              
               ,
               do
               only
               puff
               up
               the
               mind
               with
               grand
               Idea's
               ,
               but
               they
               prove
               or
               demonstrate
               nothing
               .
               And
               this
               is
               the
               reason
               that
               going
               to
               discover
               their
               Principles
               ,
               we
               find
               some
               of
               them
               do
               frame
               one
               Systeme
               ,
               and
               others
               another
               .
               But
               if
               we
               would
               come
               as
               near
               as
               may
               be
               to
               the
               
                 true
                 Principles
              
               of
               Nature
               ,
               we
               cannot
               take
               a
               more
               certain
               course
               than
               that
               of
               Chymistry
               ,
               which
               will
               serve
               us
               as
               a
               Ladder
               to
               them
               ;
               and
               this
               division
               of
               substances
               ,
               though
               it
               may
               seem
               a
               little
               gross
               ,
               will
               give
               us
               a
               very
               great
               Idea
               of
               Nature
               ,
               and
               the
               figure
               of
               the
               first
               small
               particles
               which
               have
               entred
               into
               the
               composition
               of
               mixt
               bodies
               .
            
             
               Some
               modern
               Philosophers
               would
               perswade
               us
               ,
               that
               it
               is
               altogether
               uncertain
               ,
               whether
               the
               substances
               which
               are
               separated
               from
               bodies
               ,
               and
               are
               called
               
                 Chymical
                 Principles
              
               ,
               do
               effectually
               exist
               and
               are
               naturally
               residing
               in
               the
               body
               before
               :
               these
               do
               tell
               us
               that
               the
               fire
               by
               rarifying
               the
               matter
               in
               time
               of
               distillation
               is
               capable
               of
               bestowing
               upon
               it
               such
               an
               alteration
               as
               is
               quite
               different
               from
               what
               it
               had
               before
               ,
               and
               so
               of
               forming
               the
               
                 Salt
                 ,
                 Oil
              
               ,
               and
               other
               things
               which
               are
               drawn
               from
               it
               .
            
             
             
               This
               objection
               does
               at
               first
               seem
               to
               have
               much
               weight
               and
               reason
               in
               it
               ,
               because
               it
               is
               certain
               (
               as
               hereafter
               shall
               be
               shewn
               )
               that
               the
               Fire
               does
               give
               a
               very
               considerable
               impression
               to
               the
               preparations
               ,
               and
               that
               very
               often
               it
               does
               put
               such
               a
               new
               face
               upon
               things
               ,
               that
               they
               are
               very
               hardly
               to
               be
               known
               when
               compar'd
               with
               what
               they
               were
               before
               .
               But
               it
               is
               easie
               to
               shew
               ,
               that
               though
               the
               Fire
               does
               so
               diversifie
               and
               alter
               substances
               ,
               yet
               it
               does
               not
               make
               those
               Principles
               ;
               for
               we
               see
               them
               and
               smell
               them
               in
               many
               bodies
               ,
               before
               ever
               we
               bring
               them
               to
               undergo
               the
               Fire
               .
               For
               example
               ,
               it
               cannot
               be
               denied
               ,
               but
               that
               there
               was
               existent
               Oyl
               in
               Olives
               ,
               in
               Almonds
               ,
               in
               Nuts
               ,
               and
               in
               many
               other
               fruits
               and
               seeds
               ,
               because
               it
               is
               drawn
               ,
               only
               by
               beating
               and
               pressing
               them
               .
               Turpentine
               ,
               which
               is
               a
               thickned
               Oyl
               ,
               and
               many
               other
               fat
               ,
               or
               unctuous
               liquors
               ,
               are
               drawn
               by
               meer
               incision
               into
               the
               trunk
               ,
               or
               root
               of
               trees
               ;
               and
               what
               else
               I
               pray
               is
               the
               fat
               of
               animals
               but
               an
               Oyl
               ,
               or
               
                 Sulphur
                 coagulated
              
               ?
               Nor
               can
               it
               be
               denied
               ,
               but
               that
               there
               is
               salt
               actually
               in
               mixt
               bodies
               ,
               since
               that
               by
               bruising
               a
               Plant
               ,
               and
               making
               expression
               to
               draw
               out
               its
               juyce
               ,
               and
               then
               leaving
               the
               juyce
               to
               settle
               in
               some
               cool
               place
               for
               a
               few
               daies
               ,
               a
               salt
               will
               be
               found
               fixt
               about
               the
               vessel
               in
               form
               of
               little
               Crystals
               .
            
             
               I
               know
               that
               some
               doubting
               Scepticks
               (
               who
               make
               it
               their
               business
               to
               doubt
               of
               every
               thing
               )
               will
               still
               say
               that
               by
               beating
               the
               Almonds
               ,
               and
               then
               pressing
               them
               ,
               and
               by
               making
               incision
               into
               Trees
               ,
               the
               parts
               which
               compose
               the
               plant
               are
               agitated
               and
               put
               in
               motion
               after
               such
               a
               manner
               as
               they
               are
               by
               Fire
               ,
               and
               that
               this
               agitation
               of
               parts
               is
               capable
               of
               ranging
               them
               so
               ,
               as
               to
               make
               the
               Oyl
               and
               Salt.
               
               But
               such
               reasonings
               as
               these
               do
               destroy
               themselves
               by
               too
               much
               niceness
               ,
               and
               there
               is
               no
               sober
               understanding
               man
               but
               easily
               perceives
               the
               falshood
               ;
               for
               can
               a
               man
               well
               perceive
               that
               meer
               trituration
               or
               incision
               are
               able
               to
               make
               
                 Salt
                 ,
                 Oyl
                 ,
                 Earth
              
               ?
               it
               is
               abundantly
               more
               probable
               ,
               nay
               ,
               and
               it
               may
               be
               sufficiently
               demonstrated
               ,
               that
               those
               substances
               did
               exist
               in
               the
               bodies
               before
               ,
               and
               that
               by
               incision
               and
               trituration
               the
               gate
               has
               only
               been
               opened
               to
               let
               them
               come
               freely
               out
               .
            
             
               Others
               again
               do
               attack
               the
               Principles
               of
               Chymistry
               after
               another
               manner
               a
               little
               differing
               from
               this
               ,
               these
               do
               acknowledge
               that
               the
               foresaid
               substances
               are
               naturally
               in
               the
               Mixts
               ,
               much
               as
               we
               draw
               them
               by
               Art
               ,
               but
               they
               assert
               that
               we
               have
               no
               proof
               that
               the
               Mixts
               are
               compounded
               of
               these
               same
               substances
               ,
               called
               Principles
               ,
               and
               that
               they
               are
               not
               drawn
               from
               the
               juyce
               of
               the
               earth
               in
               such
               a
               form
               ;
               that
               
                 Salt
                 ,
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 &c.
              
               may
               indeed
               have
               been
               formed
               in
               the
               natural
               Fermentations
               ,
               and
               other
               elaborations
               ,
               which
               happen
               in
               the
               Mixt
               during
               its
               growth
               ,
               and
               therefore
               they
               conclude
               that
               those
               substances
               cannot
               properly
               be
               called
               Principles
               ,
               because
               we
               do
               not
               know
               sufficiently
               whether
               the
               Mixt
               was
               composed
               of
               them
               at
               first
               .
            
             
               But
               since
               we
               are
               satisfied
               that
               the
               earths
               which
               serve
               for
               a
               matrix
               to
               Mixt
               bodies
               ,
               are
               impregnated
               with
               
                 Salt
                 ,
                 Sulphur
              
               ,
               and
               other
               substances
               of
               the
               nature
               of
               those
               which
               we
               do
               find
               in
               the
               bodies
               ,
               and
               since
               we
               can
               perceive
               nothing
               else
               which
               can
               contribute
               to
               their
               composition
               ,
               it
               remains
               beyond
               all
               doubt
               that
               they
               are
               even
               compounded
               of
               them
               .
            
             
               It
               must
               be
               granted
               that
               the
               Fermentations
               ,
               or
               other
               Elaborations
               which
               come
               to
               pass
               in
               mixt
               
               bodies
               ,
               have
               given
               the
               Principles
               a
               certain
               order
               of
               parts
               ,
               or
               some
               dispositions
               they
               had
               not
               before
               ,
               but
               they
               do
               by
               no
               means
               form
               ,
               or
               compose
               them
               .
            
             
               The
               
                 five
                 Principles
              
               are
               easily
               found
               in
               Animals
               and
               Vegetables
               ,
               but
               not
               so
               easily
               in
               Minerals
               .
               Nay
               there
               are
               some
               Minerals
               ,
               out
               of
               which
               you
               cannot
               possibly
               draw
               so
               much
               as
               two
               ,
               nor
               make
               any
               separation
               at
               all
               (
               as
               Gold
               and
               Silver
               )
               whatsoever
               they
               talk
               ,
               who
               search
               with
               so
               much
               pains
               for
               the
               
                 Salts
                 ,
                 Sulphurs
              
               and
               Mercuries
               of
               these
               metals
               .
               I
               can
               believe
               ,
               that
               all
               the
               Principles
               do
               indeed
               enter
               into
               the
               composition
               of
               these
               Bodies
               ,
               but
               it
               does
               not
               follow
               that
               they
               must
               remain
               in
               their
               former
               condition
               ,
               or
               can
               be
               drawn
               as
               they
               were
               before
               ;
               for
               it
               may
               be
               these
               substances
               which
               are
               called
               Principles
               are
               so
               strictly
               involved
               one
               within
               another
               ,
               as
               to
               suffer
               no
               separation
               any
               other
               way
               than
               by
               breaking
               their
               Figure
               .
               Now
               it
               is
               by
               reason
               of
               their
               Figure
               that
               they
               are
               called
               
                 Salts
                 ,
                 Sulphurs
              
               ,
               and
               Spirits
               :
               For
               example
               ,
               if
               you
               mix
               an
               Acid
               Spirit
               with
               the
               Salt
               of
               Tartar
               or
               some
               other
               Alkali
               ,
               the
               edges
               of
               the
               Acid
               will
               so
               insinuate
               into
               the
               pores
               of
               the
               Salt
               ,
               that
               if
               by
               distillation
               you
               would
               separate
               the
               Acid
               Spirit
               again
               from
               the
               Salt
               ,
               you
               'l
               never
               be
               able
               to
               effect
               it
               ,
               the
               Acid
               will
               have
               lost
               almost
               all
               its
               strength
               ,
               because
               the
               edges
               of
               these
               Spirits
               are
               so
               far
               destroyed
               or
               changed
               ,
               that
               they
               no
               longer
               preserve
               their
               former
               Figure
               .
            
             
               Every
               body
               knows
               that
               glass
               is
               made
               of
               Salt
               ,
               but
               because
               the
               Fire
               hath
               wrought
               so
               great
               a
               change
               upon
               its
               Texture
               ,
               or
               Figure
               ,
               it
               can
               do
               nothing
               at
               all
               that
               Salt
               is
               used
               to
               do
               ;
               nay
               ,
               and
               it
               is
               in
               a
               manner
               impossible
               to
               draw
               any
               
                 true
                 Salt
              
               from
               it
               by
               Chymistry
               .
            
             
             
               There
               are
               three
               sorts
               of
               Liquors
               that
               are
               qualified
               with
               the
               name
               of
               Spirit
               in
               Chymistry
               ;
               the
               Spirit
               of
               Animals
               ,
               the
               
                 Burning
                 spirit
              
               of
               Vegetables
               ,
               and
               the
               
                 Acid
                 spirit
              
               .
            
             
               The
               first
               of
               them
               ,
               as
               the
               spirit
               of
               Harts-horn
               ,
               is
               nothing
               but
               a
               
                 Volatile
                 salt
              
               dissolved
               by
               a
               little
               Phlegm
               ,
               as
               I
               shall
               shew
               when
               I
               treat
               of
               Animals
               .
               The
               second
               ,
               as
               the
               Spirit
               of
               Wine
               ,
               the
               Spirit
               of
               Juniper
               ,
               and
               the
               Spirit
               of
               Rosemary
               ,
               is
               an
               exalted
               Oyl
               ,
               as
               I
               shall
               shew
               speaking
               of
               Wines
               .
               And
               the
               last
               ,
               as
               the
               Spirit
               of
               Vinegar
               ,
               Tartar
               ,
               and
               Vitriol
               ,
               is
               an
               Acid
               Essential
               salt
               ,
               dissolved
               and
               put
               in
               fusion
               by
               the
               fire
               ,
               as
               I
               shall
               prove
               ,
               when
               I
               speak
               of
               Vinegar
               ,
               and
               the
               distillation
               of
               Tartar
               :
               this
               last
               is
               called
               a
               Fluid
               salt
               .
            
             
               These
               three
               sorts
               of
               liquors
               comprehending
               all
               that
               can
               any
               way
               be
               called
               Spirit
               ,
               this
               may
               pass
               for
               one
               Principle
               very
               well
               ;
               for
               seeing
               that
               the
               Spirit
               which
               is
               drawn
               from
               Animals
               is
               nothing
               but
               a
               Salt
               dissolved
               by
               a
               little
               Phlegm
               ;
               that
               Spirit
               of
               Wine
               is
               only
               an
               Oyl
               exalted
               ,
               and
               that
               the
               
                 Acid
                 Spirit
              
               is
               a
               Salt
               become
               fluid
               ,
               we
               can
               observe
               nothing
               in
               these
               liquors
               but
               an
               
                 Oyl
                 ,
                 Salts
              
               of
               a
               different
               nature
               ,
               and
               water
               .
               Wherefore
               it
               must
               be
               concluded
               ,
               that
               the
               Spirit
               or
               Mercury
               which
               Chymists
               have
               talk'd
               of
               is
               a
               meer
               Chimaera
               ,
               that
               serves
               only
               to
               confound
               mens
               minds
               ,
               and
               render
               Chymistry
               unintelligible
               ;
               for
               men
               might
               if
               they
               would
               ,
               have
               called
               these
               liquors
               by
               more
               proper
               names
               :
               thus
               what
               hindred
               them
               from
               calling
               the
               Spirit
               of
               Animals
               ,
               by
               the
               name
               of
               a
               
                 Volatile
                 salt
                 dissolv'd
              
               ?
               the
               liquors
               which
               come
               from
               Oyls
               might
               have
               been
               called
               an
               
                 exalted
                 Oyl
              
               ;
               and
               the
               
                 Acid
                 spirits
              
               a
               
                 Fluid
                 salt
              
               ;
               and
               hereby
               we
               should
               not
               
               have
               been
               troubled
               about
               an
               imaginary
               Principle
               ,
               and
               Chymistry
               would
               have
               been
               better
               understood
               .
            
             
               But
               it
               is
               impossible
               to
               change
               a
               name
               that
               has
               been
               so
               long
               fixt
               and
               appropriated
               to
               these
               liquors
               .
               All
               that
               I
               can
               do
               is
               to
               explicate
               ,
               as
               I
               have
               done
               ,
               what
               is
               meant
               by
               the
               word
               Spirit
               ,
               in
               order
               to
               avoid
               Equivocations
               .
            
             
               Nothing
               but
               the
               Oyl
               ,
               can
               properly
               be
               said
               to
               be
               Inflammable
               ,
               and
               the
               Oyl
               is
               so
               much
               the
               more
               so
               ,
               as
               the
               Salts
               ,
               with
               which
               it
               is
               closely
               united
               ,
               have
               been
               more
               or
               less
               spiritualized
               .
               For
               that
               which
               I
               call
               Spirit
               in
               the
               Oyl
               ,
               is
               nothing
               but
               an
               Essential
               or
               Volatile
               Salt
               ;
               this
               Salt
               is
               not
               of
               it self
               Inflammable
               ,
               but
               serves
               to
               Rarifie
               and
               Exalt
               the
               parts
               of
               the
               Oyl
               to
               render
               them
               the
               more
               susceptible
               of
               Motion
               ,
               and
               consequently
               of
               Flagration
               ;
               after
               the
               same
               manner
               as
               when
               Salt-peter
               is
               put
               to
               mix
               with
               some
               Oily
               substance
               ,
               this
               Oily
               matter
               fires
               much
               more
               easily
               than
               when
               it
               is
               alone
               ;
               though
               Salt-peter
               of
               it self
               is
               not
               at
               all
               Inflammable
               ,
               as
               I
               shall
               prove
               hereafter
               .
               We
               have
               examples
               of
               the
               truth
               of
               what
               I
               say
               in
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Wine
                 ,
                 Oyl
                 of
                 Turpentine
                 ,
              
               and
               all
               other
               Inflammable
               Liquors
               ;
               for
               they
               are
               only
               Oyls
               subtilized
               and
               refined
               by
               the
               Volatile
               Salts
               they
               contain
               .
               Vegetables
               have
               a
               great
               deal
               of
               Salt
               much
               like
               to
               Salt-peter
               ;
               this
               Salt
               being
               straitly
               united
               with
               their
               Oyl
               makes
               them
               the
               more
               apt
               to
               flame
               ,
               than
               if
               they
               had
               been
               deprived
               of
               it
               .
               The
               Fat
               of
               Animals
               as
               well
               as
               their
               other
               parts
               ,
               is
               full
               of
               a
               Volatile
               Acid
               salt
               ;
               Wax
               ,
               Rosine
               ,
               and
               all
               other
               matters
               that
               are
               inflammable
               ,
               are
               impregnated
               with
               an
               
                 Acid
                 Salt
                 ,
                 Essential
              
               or
               Volatile
               .
            
             
             
               I
               say
               the
               Salt
               which
               causes
               the
               flagration
               of
               Oyls
               ,
               must
               be
               either
               Volatile
               or
               Essential
               ,
               for
               if
               it
               were
               a
               
                 fixt
                 Salt
              
               ,
               't
               would
               have
               a
               contrary
               effect
               ,
               it
               would
               allay
               in
               some
               measure
               the
               quick
               motion
               of
               the
               parts
               of
               an
               Inflammable
               body
               ;
               and
               this
               we
               see
               happens
               when
               Sea-salt
               is
               flung
               into
               the
               fire
               ,
               it
               serves
               to
               put
               it
               out
               .
               
                 Common
                 Sulphur
              
               yields
               us
               another
               instance
               of
               the
               same
               kind
               :
               consisting
               of
               one
               part
               Sulphureous
               or
               Oily
               ,
               and
               another
               Saline
               or
               Acid
               fixt
               ,
               which
               plainly
               appears
               in
               the
               opening
               of
               it
               ,
               the
               Oily
               part
               fires
               ,
               and
               would
               soon
               rise
               like
               other
               Oils
               into
               a
               great
               white
               flame
               ,
               but
               that
               the
               Acid
               part
               being
               a
               load
               to
               its
               activity
               hinders
               it
               from
               rising
               ,
               and
               so
               forces
               it
               to
               cast
               but
               only
               a
               small
               blue
               flame
               ;
               and
               a
               proof
               of
               what
               I
               affirm
               may
               be
               had
               from
               mixing
               Salt-peter
               with
               Sulphur
               ;
               for
               the
               
                 Volatile
                 salt
              
               of
               Salt-peter
               does
               Volatilize
               the
               Salts
               of
               Sulphur
               ,
               and
               causes
               a
               white
               flame
               to
               burn
               violently
               ,
               as
               I
               shall
               shew
               hereafter
               in
               the
               Operation
               of
               
                 Salt
                 Polychrest
              
               .
            
             
               Many
               things
               are
               called
               Oils
               very
               improperly
               ,
               as
               the
               Oyl
               of
               Tartar
               made
               
                 per
                 Deliquium
              
               ,
               the
               Oyl
               of
               Vitriol
               ,
               and
               the
               Oyl
               of
               Antimony
               .
               The
               first
               is
               nothing
               else
               but
               a
               Salt
               dissolved
               ,
               the
               second
               is
               the
               strongest
               ,
               and
               most
               caustick
               part
               of
               the
               spirit
               of
               Vitriol
               ,
               and
               the
               last
               is
               a
               mixture
               of
               Acid
               Spirit
               ,
               and
               Antimony
               .
            
             
               As
               for
               Salt
               ,
               I
               am
               apt
               to
               think
               ,
               that
               there
               is
               one
               chief
               ,
               of
               which
               all
               the
               rest
               are
               compounded
               ,
               and
               do
               conceive
               it
               to
               be
               made
               of
               an
               Acid
               liquor
               sliding
               through
               the
               veins
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               which
               doth
               insensibly
               insinuate
               and
               incorporate
               in
               the
               Pores
               of
               stones
               ,
               which
               it
               does
               dilate
               and
               attenuate
               :
               afterwards
               by
               a
               long
               fermentation
               and
               concoction
               of
               
               several
               years
               ,
               a
               Salt
               comes
               to
               be
               formed
               ,
               that
               is
               called
               Fossile
               ;
               and
               this
               Opinion
               is
               the
               more
               likely
               to
               be
               true
               ,
               because
               from
               the
               mixture
               of
               Acids
               with
               some
               Alkali
               matter
               we
               always
               draw
               a
               substance
               very
               like
               unto
               Salt.
               Now
               stones
               are
               an
               Alkali
               .
               I
               add
               ,
               that
               the
               long
               fermentation
               ,
               and
               concoction
               which
               is
               made
               in
               the
               stone
               ,
               serves
               to
               digest
               ,
               and
               perfectly
               unite
               the
               Acid
               with
               the
               stony
               parts
               ,
               for
               the
               making
               of
               Salt.
               
            
             
               This
               
                 Fossile
                 salt
              
               ,
               which
               is
               called
               Gemma
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               its
               transparency
               ,
               is
               found
               in
               many
               high
               Mountains
               of
               Europe
               ,
               such
               as
               those
               in
               
                 Poland
                 ,
                 Catalonia
              
               ,
               and
               Persia
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               Indies
               ;
               it
               is
               altogether
               like
               that
               we
               use
               for
               nourishment
               ,
               which
               is
               called
               
                 Sea
                 salt
              
               ,
               insomuch
               that
               the
               Waters
               of
               the
               Sea
               may
               be
               said
               to
               receive
               their
               saltishness
               from
               nothing
               else
               but
               this
               Salt
               dissolved
               in
               them
               .
            
             
               Is
               it
               not
               likely
               enough
               that
               the
               bottom
               of
               the
               Sea
               ,
               or
               its
               shores
               ,
               may
               be
               much
               like
               the
               surface
               of
               the
               Earth
               we
               inhabit
               ,
               and
               that
               there
               may
               be
               Mountains
               ,
               Rocks
               ,
               different
               sorts
               of
               earth
               ,
               and
               consequently
               
                 inexhaustible
                 Mountains
                 of
                 Salt
              
               in
               a
               Million
               of
               places
               at
               the
               bottom
               of
               the
               Sea
               ,
               whence
               it
               receives
               its
               brackishness
               ?
            
             
               And
               it
               may
               be
               there
               are
               Waters
               ,
               which
               after
               taking
               Salt
               from
               several
               earths
               ,
               do
               at
               last
               discharge
               themselves
               into
               the
               Sea
               through
               an
               infinite
               number
               of
               subterranean
               channels
               ,
               which
               do
               much
               contribute
               likewise
               to
               making
               Sea-water
               salt
               .
            
             
               That
               which
               confirms
               me
               in
               this
               opinion
               is
               ,
               because
               there
               are
               Lakes
               in
               
                 Italy
                 ,
                 Germany
                 ,
                 Egypt
              
               ,
               the
               Indies
               ,
               and
               many
               other
               places
               ,
               which
               are
               as
               Salt
               as
               the
               Sea
               ,
               and
               can
               have
               no
               other
               cause
               but
               that
               their
               waters
               have
               hapned
               to
               run
               through
               
                 Mines
                 of
                 Salt.
              
               
            
             
             
               I
               doubt
               not
               but
               many
               will
               be
               apt
               to
               object
               against
               my
               opinion
               ,
               that
               the
               Sea
               being
               of
               so
               prodigious
               boundless
               an
               extent
               ,
               all
               the
               Salt
               I
               have
               spoken
               of
               ,
               would
               not
               be
               able
               to
               salt
               it
               as
               it
               is
               ;
               but
               if
               they
               please
               to
               consider
               ,
               that
               this
               great
               extent
               of
               the
               Ocean
               may
               meet
               with
               
                 Mines
                 of
                 Salt
              
               in
               abundance
               of
               places
               ,
               and
               that
               what
               is
               once
               dissolv'd
               can
               never
               be
               separated
               from
               it
               ,
               I
               am
               perswaded
               their
               doubt
               will
               soon
               vanish
               .
               Add
               to
               what
               is
               said
               ,
               that
               
                 Sea
                 water
              
               does
               not
               contain
               so
               great
               a
               quantity
               of
               Salt
               as
               is
               commonly
               imagined
               :
               and
               this
               is
               easily
               prov'd
               ,
               if
               you
               take
               the
               pains
               to
               evaporate
               some
               of
               it
               over
               the
               fire
               ,
               or
               dissolve
               salt
               in
               that
               water
               ;
               for
               it
               will
               receive
               a
               considerable
               quantity
               into
               it
               ,
               which
               is
               a
               certain
               sign
               ,
               that
               the
               water
               was
               not
               so
               salt
               before
               ,
               as
               it
               might
               have
               been
               ,
               for
               if
               it
               had
               been
               impregnated
               with
               as
               much
               as
               it
               could
               ,
               it
               would
               have
               dissolv'd
               no
               more
               .
            
             
               Therefore
               we
               have
               good
               reason
               to
               believe
               ,
               that
               the
               Sea
               ,
               which
               may
               be
               called
               a
               large
               Lake
               ,
               becomes
               salt
               through
               the
               Mines
               that
               are
               therein
               ,
               and
               the
               
                 Salt
                 Currents
              
               that
               in
               several
               places
               empty
               into
               it
               .
               Some
               Fountains
               are
               also
               seen
               to
               yield
               a
               Salt
               like
               this
               ;
               because
               their
               waters
               having
               passed
               through
               places
               fill'd
               with
               this
               Salt
               ,
               have
               dissolved
               and
               carried
               along
               with
               them
               some
               of
               it
               .
            
             
               Salt-peter
               differs
               from
               these
               salts
               I
               speak
               of
               ,
               in
               that
               it
               contains
               more
               spirit
               ;
               so
               that
               when
               you
               take
               the
               pains
               to
               exalt
               a
               part
               of
               it
               ,
               what
               remains
               is
               like
               unto
               
                 Sal
                 Gemme
              
               .
            
             
               It
               may
               be
               objected
               that
               
                 Salt
                 peter
              
               is
               found
               in
               places
               where
               no
               Acid
               liquor
               can
               be
               thought
               to
               come
               ;
               but
               no
               body
               can
               doubt
               but
               that
               there
               is
               an
               Acid
               in
               the
               Air
               ,
               which
               though
               a
               very
               insensible
               
               body
               ,
               is
               able
               enough
               to
               enter
               into
               Stones
               and
               Earths
               ,
               the
               truth
               whereof
               is
               seen
               every
               day
               in
               Earths
               that
               have
               lost
               their
               Salt
               as
               much
               as
               could
               be
               drawn
               by
               Art
               ,
               which
               upon
               being
               exposed
               some
               time
               to
               the
               open
               air
               get
               new
               additions
               of
               Salt
               ,
               and
               encrease
               their
               weight
               considerably
               .
               Now
               the
               liquor
               that
               I
               speak
               of
               ,
               which
               runs
               in
               some
               places
               of
               the
               earth
               ,
               receives
               its
               Acidity
               from
               this
               
                 Acid
                 Spirit
              
               of
               the
               Air
               ,
               which
               condenses
               in
               some
               places
               better
               than
               in
               others
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               coolness
               ,
               or
               some
               other
               disposition
               it
               finds
               there
               .
            
             
               I
               conceive
               therefore
               that
               
                 Salt
                 peter
              
               is
               form'd
               in
               Stones
               and
               Earths
               by
               the
               
                 Acid
                 spirit
              
               of
               the
               Air
               ,
               after
               the
               same
               manner
               as
               
                 Sal
                 Gemme
              
               in
               Mines
               by
               an
               Acid
               liquor
               ,
               and
               that
               this
               
                 Aerial
                 acid
              
               entring
               insensibly
               into
               the
               body
               of
               stones
               produces
               a
               Salt
               at
               first
               much
               like
               
                 Sal
                 Gemme
              
               ;
               but
               afterwards
               new
               
                 Acid
                 spirits
              
               still
               coming
               and
               mixing
               with
               it
               makes
               it
               of
               a
               middle
               nature
               between
               Volatile
               and
               fixt
               .
               And
               it
               is
               for
               this
               reason
               that
               a
               great
               deal
               of
               
                 Salt
                 peter
              
               is
               taken
               from
               old
               ruined
               buildings
               ,
               for
               the
               stones
               there
               continuing
               a
               long
               time
               exposed
               to
               the
               air
               ,
               receive
               greater
               quantity
               of
               spirits
               than
               other
               stones
               ;
               it
               is
               likewise
               to
               be
               found
               in
               Cellers
               and
               other
               places
               where
               the
               Sun
               casts
               no
               heat
               ,
               because
               the
               spirit
               of
               the
               air
               does
               there
               easily
               condense
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               coolness
               and
               moisture
               .
               But
               I
               shall
               discourse
               more
               amply
               of
               that
               ,
               when
               I
               come
               to
               treat
               of
               the
               Preparations
               that
               are
               made
               upon
               
                 Salt
                 peter
              
               .
            
             
               
                 Vitriols
                 ,
                 Alums
              
               ,
               and
               all
               other
               Salts
               ,
               that
               are
               naturally
               found
               in
               the
               Earth
               ,
               may
               be
               explicated
               upon
               the
               same
               Principle
               ;
               for
               according
               as
               
                 Acid
                 liquors
              
               do
               meet
               with
               different
               earths
               ,
               they
               produce
               different
               Salts
               .
            
             
             
               All
               Earths
               being
               impregnated
               with
               an
               
                 Acid
                 Salt
              
               ,
               as
               I
               have
               said
               ,
               it
               is
               not
               hard
               to
               conceive
               how
               that
               the
               salt
               of
               Vegetables
               is
               communicated
               to
               them
               from
               the
               earth
               wherein
               they
               grew
               .
               Their
               growth
               must
               needs
               have
               proceeded
               from
               a
               
                 Saline
                 juice
              
               of
               the
               earth
               they
               grew
               in
               ,
               which
               having
               opened
               the
               Seed
               through
               the
               Fermentation
               it
               caused
               ,
               insinuates
               and
               filtrates
               into
               the
               Fibres
               that
               constitute
               the
               Plant
               ;
               and
               the
               leaving
               grounds
               fallow
               some
               years
               ,
               is
               in
               order
               to
               preserve
               and
               retain
               the
               Salt
               that
               is
               continually
               encreased
               in
               them
               by
               the
               
                 Acid
                 spirit
              
               of
               the
               air
               .
               Likewise
               Dung
               ,
               and
               other
               matters
               ,
               which
               are
               said
               to
               fatten
               and
               fructifie
               Lands
               ,
               do
               so
               by
               nothing
               else
               but
               their
               Salt.
               Neither
               need
               we
               wonder
               at
               the
               barrenness
               of
               sandy
               and
               stony
               soils
               ,
               for
               that
               the
               
                 Acid
                 spirit
              
               of
               the
               Air
               cannot
               unite
               and
               fix
               with
               them
               in
               sufficient
               quantity
               to
               render
               them
               fertile
               .
               Nevertheless
               it
               is
               worth
               observation
               ,
               that
               there
               are
               Lands
               which
               remain
               barren
               ,
               through
               too
               great
               an
               abundance
               of
               Salt
               they
               contain
               ,
               and
               for
               this
               reason
               in
               Egypt
               they
               are
               forced
               to
               temper
               their
               grounds
               with
               Sand
               after
               the
               ebbing
               of
               the
               River
               Nile
               ,
               to
               make
               them
               Fertile
               ;
               because
               the
               earth
               ,
               till
               that
               is
               done
               ,
               is
               so
               full
               of
               Salt
               ,
               that
               its
               Pores
               are
               quite
               choaked
               up
               with
               it
               .
               So
               that
               instead
               of
               causing
               any
               Fermentation
               in
               the
               Seed
               ,
               the
               Salt
               fixes
               and
               depresses
               it
               ,
               so
               that
               it
               can't
               have
               its
               motion
               free
               enough
               to
               rarifie
               ,
               and
               raise
               a
               stalk
               ;
               but
               now
               when
               Sand
               is
               mingled
               with
               it
               ,
               it
               is
               able
               to
               divide
               and
               separate
               the
               Salt
               ,
               which
               not
               having
               then
               such
               power
               of
               fixing
               the
               Seed
               ,
               it
               Ferments
               and
               rises
               into
               a
               Plant.
               Whence
               it
               may
               be
               seen
               ,
               that
               
                 too
                 much
                 Salt
              
               is
               at
               least
               as
               Offensive
               to
               the
               earths
               fertility
               ,
               as
               
                 too
                 little
              
               ,
               and
               that
               it
               is
               the
               same
               
               thing
               with
               other
               Fermentable
               matters
               as
               it
               is
               with
               Earths
               ,
               they
               come
               to
               ferment
               by
               means
               of
               a
               
                 moderate
                 quantity
              
               of
               Salt
               mixed
               with
               them
               ;
               for
               if
               you
               add
               too
               much
               ,
               the
               Fermentation
               will
               be
               spoil'd
               .
            
             
               Again
               ,
               every
               kind
               of
               Salt
               is
               not
               fit
               to
               fertilize
               lands
               ,
               it
               must
               be
               a
               
                 Volatile
                 Salt
              
               ,
               or
               approaching
               to
               the
               nature
               of
               Salt-peter
               ,
               to
               serve
               for
               Vegetation
               ;
               a
               Salt
               too
               fixt
               would
               rather
               spoil
               it
               ,
               and
               it
               has
               been
               observ'd
               that
               places
               which
               should
               fructifie
               ,
               have
               brought
               forth
               nothing
               ,
               when
               Sea-salt
               has
               been
               sprinkled
               upon
               them
               ;
               the
               reason
               of
               which
               is
               for
               that
               this
               
                 fixt
                 Salt
              
               hinders
               the
               Fermentation
               that
               was
               necessary
               to
               fertilize
               .
            
             
               Nevertheless
               it
               sometimes
               happens
               ,
               that
               the
               Ashes
               of
               Vegetables
               ,
               though
               full
               of
               a
               
                 fixt
                 salt
              
               ,
               do
               serve
               to
               fertilize
               ;
               and
               this
               Countrey-men
               are
               well
               acquainted
               with
               ,
               who
               in
               some
               places
               where
               they
               find
               their
               Lands
               too
               poor
               and
               barren
               to
               yield
               any
               thing
               without
               assistance
               of
               Art
               ,
               do
               use
               at
               certain
               seasons
               of
               the
               year
               to
               burn
               Fern
               and
               Turfs
               upon
               them
               ,
               and
               spread
               about
               the
               ashes
               .
               Now
               it
               is
               by
               reason
               of
               a
               
                 Lixivious
                 salt
              
               in
               the
               ashes
               ,
               that
               the
               Lands
               are
               hereby
               improv'd
               .
            
             
               But
               this
               happens
               for
               the
               same
               reason
               as
               I
               said
               before
               ,
               for
               the
               
                 fixt
                 Salt
              
               of
               Vegetables
               that
               lies
               in
               the
               ashes
               is
               very
               porous
               ,
               as
               I
               shall
               prove
               hereafter
               ;
               and
               so
               does
               very
               well
               mix
               with
               the
               Spirits
               or
               
                 acid
                 Salts
              
               of
               the
               Air
               ,
               and
               turns
               easily
               into
               Salt-peter
               ,
               as
               when
               Spirit
               of
               Salt-peter
               is
               mixt
               with
               an
               
                 Alkali
                 salt
              
               ,
               it
               makes
               a
               good
               Salt-peter
               .
            
             
               As
               for
               sea-salt
               ,
               possibly
               it
               might
               happen
               ,
               that
               if
               it
               were
               left
               in
               the
               Earth
               for
               some
               considerable
               time
               ,
               it
               would
               impregnate
               with
               the
               Spirit
               of
               the
               Air
               ,
               and
               so
               being
               at
               length
               Volatilized
               would
               
               render
               a
               place
               fertile
               .
               But
               because
               it
               is
               a
               very
               compact
               body
               ,
               and
               its
               parts
               closely
               united
               ,
               the
               Volatilizing
               of
               it
               would
               be
               a
               tedious
               business
               ,
               and
               so
               the
               present
               requisite
               Fermentation
               failing
               ,
               the
               place
               would
               remain
               barren
               too
               long
               to
               gratifie
               our
               expectations
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               very
               likely
               that
               the
               Volatile
               or
               
                 Nitrous
                 salt
              
               meets
               in
               the
               Earth
               with
               some
               Sulphureous
               or
               fat
               matter
               ,
               that
               is
               continually
               raised
               by
               the
               subterranean
               heat
               toward
               the
               surface
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               and
               unites
               with
               it
               .
               This
               mixture
               of
               a
               
                 Volatile
                 salt
              
               and
               Sulphur
               together
               may
               much
               contribute
               towards
               explicating
               the
               manner
               of
               Vegetation
               ;
               for
               just
               as
               the
               mixture
               of
               Sulphur
               and
               Salt-peter
               does
               excellently
               dispose
               to
               an
               Exaltation
               by
               heat
               ,
               which
               will
               not
               happen
               while
               they
               are
               separated
               ;
               so
               the
               Bituminous
               or
               fat
               part
               of
               the
               earth
               mixing
               with
               Salt-peter
               ,
               which
               all
               Earths
               have
               ,
               the
               subterranean
               heat
               exalts
               them
               much
               more
               easily
               ,
               than
               if
               the
               Salt
               were
               alone
               .
               And
               now
               let
               us
               see
               what
               happens
               from
               this
               Exaltation
               to
               the
               production
               of
               Plants
               .
            
             
               Some
               part
               of
               this
               
                 Sulphureous
                 salt
              
               ,
               meeting
               with
               seed
               in
               the
               earth
               proper
               to
               grow
               ,
               does
               enter
               into
               the
               seed
               ,
               and
               cause
               a
               Fermentation
               ,
               that
               is
               to
               say
               ,
               suppling
               the
               parts
               of
               the
               seed
               ,
               disposes
               it
               to
               open
               it self
               .
               Now
               't
               is
               very
               certain
               ,
               (
               and
               what
               has
               been
               sensibly
               demonstrated
               by
               Microscopes
               )
               that
               each
               grain
               of
               seed
               contains
               in
               little
               the
               
                 whole
                 Plant
              
               with
               all
               its
               parts
               .
               Wherefore
               this
               opening
               the
               body
               of
               the
               seed
               is
               by
               reason
               that
               the
               
                 sulphureous
                 salts
              
               entring
               at
               the
               pores
               of
               the
               root
               of
               this
               small
               Plant
               ,
               and
               by
               their
               Volatile
               quality
               insinuating
               along
               the
               Fibres
               which
               constitute
               the
               Plant
               ,
               do
               orderly
               display
               before
               us
               what
               was
               before
               but
               very
               confused
               in
               respect
               of
               us
               .
            
             
             
               These
               salts
               do
               never
               enter
               at
               the
               head
               of
               the
               Plant
               ,
               and
               so
               descend
               to
               the
               Root
               ,
               though
               often
               the
               Root
               of
               the
               Seed
               lies
               uppermost
               ,
               and
               the
               head
               or
               stalk
               downwards
               ,
               because
               the
               Pores
               of
               the
               stalk
               are
               not
               of
               such
               a
               Figure
               as
               is
               proper
               to
               receive
               them
               ,
               whereas
               those
               of
               the
               Root
               have
               a
               proper
               contexture
               .
            
             
               The
               Volatility
               of
               these
               Salts
               does
               also
               cause
               the
               stalk
               ,
               though
               seated
               downwards
               ,
               to
               rise
               upwards
               ,
               and
               follow
               their
               tendency
               ,
               which
               is
               always
               up
               ;
               and
               this
               is
               that
               which
               by
               extending
               and
               enlarging
               the
               Fibres
               of
               the
               Plant
               ,
               makes
               it
               grow
               to
               that
               height
               which
               their
               nature
               requires
               .
            
             
               'T
               is
               probable
               that
               this
               fat
               part
               of
               earth
               insinuating
               with
               the
               salt
               ,
               as
               I
               have
               said
               ,
               does
               make
               the
               Oyl
               of
               a
               mixt
               body
               ;
               for
               we
               find
               that
               those
               matters
               which
               help
               best
               to
               fertilize
               ,
               are
               full
               of
               
                 Volatile
                 Salt
              
               and
               Oyl
               ,
               as
               
                 Dung
                 ,
                 Vrine
              
               ,
               and
               Plants
               corrupted
               .
            
             
               'T
               is
               fit
               to
               observe
               here
               ,
               that
               the
               salt
               does
               act
               after
               another-guise
               manner
               than
               the
               Oyl
               in
               hindring
               the
               Fermentation
               or
               corruption
               of
               the
               matter
               it
               is
               mixed
               with
               ;
               for
               it
               does
               not
               only
               stop
               the
               pores
               ,
               and
               hinder
               the
               air
               from
               entring
               ,
               but
               fixes
               it
               likewise
               by
               its
               hooked
               parts
               ,
               that
               it
               can
               neither
               have
               motion
               nor
               rarefaction
               ,
               for
               which
               reason
               it
               is
               that
               meat
               is
               salted
               in
               order
               to
               keep
               it
               sweet
               ,
               and
               does
               thereby
               remain
               firm
               and
               compact
               for
               some
               time
               .
            
             
               Three
               kinds
               of
               salt
               are
               drawn
               from
               Vegetables
               ,
               an
               
                 Acid
                 salt
              
               called
               Essential
               ,
               a
               Volatile
               ,
               and
               a
               
                 Fixt
                 salt
              
               .
               The
               first
               is
               sometimes
               like
               Salt-peter
               ,
               and
               sometimes
               like
               Tartar
               ,
               according
               as
               it
               contains
               more
               or
               less
               earth
               ;
               this
               salt
               is
               drawn
               from
               the
               juice
               of
               the
               Plant
               ,
               as
               I
               said
               before
               ;
               for
               after
               expression
               
               and
               purifying
               this
               juice
               ,
               it
               is
               set
               in
               a
               vessel
               in
               some
               cool
               place
               a
               few
               daies
               without
               stirring
               ,
               and
               the
               salt
               shoots
               into
               Crystals
               every
               way
               .
               This
               
                 Acid
                 salt
              
               may
               be
               said
               to
               be
               the
               
                 true
                 salt
              
               that
               was
               in
               the
               Plant
               ,
               because
               the
               means
               that
               are
               used
               in
               drawing
               it
               are
               Natural
               ,
               and
               such
               as
               cannot
               change
               its
               nature
               ;
               but
               this
               can't
               be
               said
               of
               those
               others
               ,
               because
               the
               violent
               fires
               that
               are
               used
               about
               them
               make
               impressions
               of
               another
               nature
               ,
               and
               their
               effects
               are
               very
               different
               ,
               so
               that
               the
               fire
               seems
               to
               alter
               and
               disguise
               them
               ,
               as
               I
               shall
               shew
               in
               the
               following
               discourse
               .
            
             
               The
               second
               salt
               ,
               or
               the
               
                 Volatile
                 salt
              
               of
               Plants
               is
               usually
               drawn
               from
               seeds
               or
               fruits
               Fermented
               .
               While
               it
               remains
               in
               the
               Vegetable
               ,
               it
               differs
               from
               the
               
                 Essential
                 salt
              
               only
               in
               this
               ,
               that
               being
               driven
               up
               higher
               by
               Spirits
               ,
               it
               becomes
               more
               Volatile
               .
               The
               Fermentation
               that
               is
               caused
               in
               fruits
               by
               beating
               and
               bruising
               them
               ,
               does
               very
               much
               assist
               us
               in
               Volatilizing
               the
               salt
               ;
               for
               it
               sets
               the
               particles
               at
               work
               ,
               and
               disposes
               them
               for
               an
               easier
               separation
               ;
               but
               it
               happens
               that
               in
               the
               great
               circulation
               ,
               or
               continual
               motion
               this
               salt
               is
               in
               ,
               it
               unites
               so
               strongly
               with
               the
               Oyl
               ,
               which
               Fruits
               and
               Seeds
               are
               full
               of
               ,
               that
               they
               can't
               be
               separated
               by
               Crystallizing
               the
               juice
               ,
               as
               they
               can
               in
               drawing
               them
               from
               other
               parts
               of
               the
               Plant.
               We
               must
               therefore
               have
               recourse
               to
               the
               help
               of
               fire
               .
               The
               fruit
               or
               seed
               which
               contains
               the
               
                 Volatile
                 salt
              
               ,
               as
               I
               shall
               prove
               in
               its
               proper
               place
               ,
               is
               Distilled
               by
               a
               Retort
               ,
               and
               Water
               comes
               forth
               in
               the
               first
               place
               ,
               then
               an
               Oyl
               ,
               and
               lastly
               a
               most
               keen
               ill
               scented
               salt
               (
               that
               easily
               flies
               away
               )
               upon
               encreasing
               the
               fire
               to
               purpose
               ,
               is
               driven
               into
               the
               Receiver
               .
               Now
               it
               is
               plain
               that
               fire
               has
               
               chang'd
               ,
               or
               else
               added
               something
               to
               this
               salt
               ;
               for
               when
               it
               was
               in
               the
               Plant
               ,
               it
               had
               no
               manner
               of
               smell
               like
               that
               it
               gets
               by
               distillation
               .
               But
               to
               shew
               there
               's
               a
               strange
               alteration
               in
               this
               salt
               ,
               as
               soon
               as
               it
               is
               mixed
               with
               an
               Acid
               ,
               there
               presently
               appears
               an
               Ebullition
               ,
               or
               Effervescency
               ,
               which
               remains
               until
               the
               Acid
               has
               throughly
               entred
               into
               the
               salt
               .
               Which
               circumstance
               does
               not
               happen
               to
               it
               in
               its
               Natural
               state
               ,
               it
               is
               this
               Ebullition
               that
               gave
               it
               the
               name
               of
               a
               
                 Volatile
                 Alkali
              
               ,
               to
               distinguish
               it
               from
               a
               
                 Fixt
                 Alkali
              
               ,
               of
               which
               I
               shall
               speak
               hereafter
               .
               The
               Chymists
               will
               needs
               have
               this
               
                 Volatile
                 Alkali
              
               to
               be
               in
               the
               Plant
               ,
               just
               the
               same
               as
               when
               it
               is
               drawn
               ;
               that
               is
               to
               say
               ,
               they
               make
               this
               a
               different
               species
               of
               salt
               ,
               lying
               hid
               under
               the
               acid
               ,
               until
               it
               is
               laid
               open
               by
               the
               force
               of
               fire
               .
               But
               this
               opinion
               is
               founded
               on
               no
               credible
               experience
               ,
               for
               Anatomize
               the
               Plant
               how
               you
               think
               fit
               ,
               without
               using
               fire
               ,
               and
               you
               shall
               never
               find
               any
               other
               but
               an
               
                 acid
                 salt
              
               .
               Doubtless
               it
               will
               be
               said
               ,
               that
               all
               other
               ways
               of
               dissecting
               Plants
               even
               into
               their
               salts
               ,
               prove
               too
               weak
               without
               the
               assistance
               of
               this
               grand
               dissolvent
               fire
               .
               But
               if
               we
               consider
               impartially
               how
               fire
               does
               act
               ,
               we
               shall
               be
               forced
               to
               acknowledge
               that
               it
               rather
               destroys
               ,
               and
               confounds
               the
               greatest
               part
               of
               the
               bodies
               it
               opens
               ,
               and
               does
               not
               leave
               them
               in
               the
               natural
               state
               they
               were
               in
               before
               ,
               and
               especially
               when
               it
               is
               driven
               with
               that
               force
               which
               is
               necessary
               to
               draw
               this
               salt
               .
               So
               that
               I
               see
               no
               reason
               why
               the
               species
               of
               things
               should
               be
               multiplied
               without
               necessity
               ,
               by
               admitting
               many
               kinds
               of
               salts
               in
               Plants
               ,
               and
               I
               conceive
               with
               much
               more
               probability
               ,
               that
               the
               
                 Volatile
                 Alkali
                 salt
              
               is
               a
               part
               of
               the
               
                 Acid
                 Essential
                 salt
              
               I
               spoke
               of
               ,
               which
               having
               been
               first
               disposed
               to
               a
               Volatile
               nature
               ,
               
               and
               afterwards
               driven
               by
               the
               force
               of
               fire
               ,
               draws
               along
               with
               it
               a
               portion
               of
               Empyreumatical
               Oil
               ,
               that
               gives
               it
               such
               a
               disagreeable
               smell
               ,
               and
               some
               terrestrious
               calcined
               matter
               ,
               with
               which
               it
               is
               so
               strongly
               united
               ,
               and
               which
               changes
               its
               nature
               ,
               by
               breaking
               the
               Saline
               points
               ,
               and
               rendring
               them
               Porous
               ,
               so
               that
               any
               acid
               liquor
               being
               cast
               upon
               it
               ,
               enters
               into
               the
               Pores
               ,
               and
               violently
               divides
               the
               parts
               ,
               whence
               follows
               the
               Effervescency
               .
               Perchance
               likewise
               this
               Calx
               or
               Calcined
               earth
               may
               have
               retained
               igneous
               particles
               ,
               and
               so
               the
               edges
               of
               the
               acid
               beginning
               to
               open
               the
               pores
               of
               salt
               ,
               these
               little
               igneous
               bodies
               being
               in
               a
               violent
               motion
               do
               strike
               about
               ,
               and
               break
               open
               all
               their
               small
               prisons
               ,
               and
               from
               thence
               it
               may
               be
               ,
               the
               violent
               Ebullition
               happens
               .
               Such
               as
               are
               prejudiced
               with
               the
               Sentiments
               of
               ancient
               Chymists
               ,
               will
               rellish
               very
               hardly
               this
               new
               Opinion
               of
               mine
               ;
               but
               I
               am
               perswaded
               if
               any
               one
               will
               take
               the
               pains
               to
               examine
               the
               matter
               near
               at
               hand
               ,
               and
               make
               some
               Experiments
               on
               the
               salts
               of
               Plants
               ,
               he
               will
               find
               my
               Discourse
               come
               near
               enough
               to
               truth
               .
            
             
               The
               last
               salt
               or
               the
               
                 fixt
                 salt
              
               of
               Plants
               remains
               mixed
               with
               the
               earthy
               part
               after
               Distillation
               of
               the
               other
               substances
               ;
               the
               matter
               is
               taken
               out
               of
               the
               Retort
               ,
               and
               calcined
               in
               an
               open
               fire
               ,
               for
               to
               free
               it
               from
               the
               soot
               that
               blackens
               it
               ;
               afterwards
               the
               salt
               is
               drawn
               by
               a
               Lixivium
               as
               I
               have
               shewn
               before
               .
               This
               salt
               is
               called
               fixt
               ,
               in
               comparison
               with
               others
               ,
               because
               this
               cannot
               sublime
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               observable
               ,
               that
               because
               a
               great
               quantity
               of
               this
               kind
               of
               salt
               is
               drawn
               from
               a
               plant
               called
               Kali
               ,
               the
               name
               Alkali
               has
               been
               given
               to
               the
               fixt
               salt
               of
               all
               plants
               ;
               and
               that
               because
               an
               effervescency
               
               does
               rise
               upon
               mixing
               an
               acid
               liquor
               with
               this
               Salt
               ,
               all
               Volatile
               or
               fixt
               salts
               ,
               and
               all
               terrestrious
               matters
               which
               ferment
               with
               acids
               ,
               have
               come
               to
               be
               called
               Alkali's
               .
            
             
               The
               Chymists
               do
               assure
               us
               ,
               but
               with
               little
               foundation
               for
               it
               ,
               that
               in
               Terrestrious
               bodies
               ,
               in
               
                 Metalls
                 ,
                 Coral
                 ,
                 Pearl
              
               ,
               and
               generally
               in
               all
               bodies
               that
               Ferment
               with
               acids
               ,
               there
               is
               an
               hidden
               Alkali
               in
               them
               ,
               which
               is
               one
               of
               the
               Principles
               of
               Fermentation
               ,
               wherefore
               they
               give
               them
               the
               names
               of
               Alkali's
               ;
               but
               because
               no
               manner
               of
               Salt
               can
               be
               drawn
               from
               them
               ,
               to
               prove
               their
               Opinion
               ,
               and
               they
               have
               no
               other
               rational
               Argument
               to
               perswade
               me
               ,
               they
               must
               give
               me
               leave
               to
               think
               otherwise
               than
               they
               have
               done
               ,
               and
               I
               conceive
               that
               the
               contrary
               to
               what
               they
               have
               established
               will
               serve
               me
               better
               to
               explicate
               the
               truth
               .
            
             
               Following
               therefore
               the
               Principle
               I
               have
               laid
               ,
               I
               believe
               that
               those
               Terrestrious
               bodies
               are
               themselves
               Alkali's
               ,
               rather
               than
               that
               the
               Ebullition
               of
               Acid
               and
               Alkali
               proceeds
               from
               a
               salt
               supposed
               to
               be
               contained
               in
               them
               ;
               and
               further
               that
               the
               salts
               are
               never
               Alkali's
               until
               they
               have
               undergone
               the
               force
               of
               fire
               ,
               and
               been
               reduced
               into
               a
               Calx
               .
               I
               have
               proved
               ,
               speaking
               of
               the
               nature
               of
               
                 Volatile
                 salt
              
               ,
               that
               the
               fire
               did
               very
               much
               change
               the
               substances
               of
               things
               ;
               and
               as
               I
               have
               shewn
               there
               is
               good
               reason
               to
               think
               there
               is
               but
               only
               one
               species
               of
               salt
               in
               Plants
               ,
               and
               the
               
                 Volatile
                 salt
              
               is
               but
               a
               change
               wrought
               by
               fire
               ;
               I
               shall
               proceed
               upon
               the
               same
               Principle
               ,
               and
               affirm
               that
               there
               is
               no
               fixt
               
                 Alkali
                 salt
              
               in
               Plants
               ,
               but
               that
               by
               Calcination
               the
               fire
               has
               fixt
               a
               part
               of
               the
               
                 acid
                 Essential
                 salt
              
               with
               the
               earthy
               part
               that
               has
               serv'd
               to
               break
               the
               keenest
               
               of
               its
               points
               ,
               and
               rendred
               them
               Porous
               ,
               like
               a
               Calx
               .
               It
               is
               by
               reason
               of
               these
               Pores
               that
               this
               kind
               of
               salt
               grows
               humid
               ,
               and
               melts
               so
               easily
               when
               exposed
               to
               the
               Air
               ;
               and
               the
               Terrestrious
               parts
               do
               turn
               it
               into
               an
               Alkali
               ,
               for
               if
               they
               were
               not
               mixed
               with
               it
               ,
               it
               would
               continue
               still
               an
               
                 acid
                 salt
              
               ,
               and
               opposed
               to
               Alkali
               .
               But
               to
               clear
               up
               this
               point
               the
               better
               ,
               we
               must
               consider
               as
               nicely
               as
               may
               be
               the
               nature
               of
               an
               Acid
               and
               an
               Alkali
               .
            
             
               Whereas
               the
               nature
               of
               a
               thing
               so
               obscure
               as
               that
               of
               salt
               ,
               cannot
               better
               be
               explicated
               ,
               than
               by
               admitting
               to
               its
               parts
               such
               figures
               as
               are
               answerable
               to
               the
               effects
               it
               produces
               ;
               I
               shall
               affirm
               ,
               that
               the
               acidity
               of
               any
               liquor
               does
               consist
               in
               keen
               particles
               of
               salts
               ,
               put
               in
               motion
               ;
               and
               I
               hope
               no
               body
               will
               offer
               to
               dispute
               whether
               an
               acid
               has
               points
               or
               no
               ,
               seeing
               every
               ones
               experience
               does
               demonstrate
               it
               ,
               they
               need
               but
               taste
               an
               acid
               to
               be
               satisfied
               of
               it
               ,
               for
               it
               pricks
               the
               tongue
               like
               any
               thing
               keen
               ,
               and
               finely
               cut
               ;
               but
               a
               demonstrative
               and
               convincing
               proof
               that
               an
               acid
               does
               consist
               of
               pointed
               parts
               is
               ,
               that
               not
               only
               all
               
                 acid
                 salts
              
               do
               Crystallize
               into
               edges
               ,
               but
               all
               Dissolutions
               of
               different
               things
               ,
               caused
               by
               acid
               liquours
               ,
               do
               assume
               this
               figure
               in
               their
               Crystallization
               ;
               these
               Crystalls
               consist
               of
               points
               differing
               both
               in
               length
               and
               bigness
               one
               from
               another
               ,
               and
               this
               diversity
               must
               be
               attributed
               to
               the
               keener
               or
               blunter
               edges
               of
               the
               different
               sorts
               of
               acids
               ;
               and
               so
               likewise
               this
               difference
               of
               the
               points
               in
               subtilty
               is
               the
               cause
               that
               one
               acid
               can
               penetrate
               and
               dissolve
               well
               one
               sort
               of
               mixt
               ,
               that
               another
               can't
               rarifie
               at
               all
               :
               thus
               Vinegar
               dissolves
               Lead
               ,
               which
               
                 aqua
                 fortis
              
               can't
               :
               
                 Aqua
                 fortis
              
               dissolves
               Quick-silver
               ,
               which
               Vinegar
               will
               not
               touch
               :
               
                 Aqua
                 
                 Regalis
              
               dissolves
               Gold
               ,
               whenas
               
                 Aqua
                 fortis
              
               cannot
               meddle
               with
               it
               ;
               on
               the
               contrary
               
                 Aqua
                 fortis
              
               dissolves
               Silver
               ,
               but
               can
               do
               nothing
               with
               Gold
               ,
               and
               so
               of
               the
               rest
               .
            
             
               As
               for
               Alkali's
               ,
               they
               are
               soon
               known
               by
               pouring
               an
               acid
               upon
               them
               ,
               for
               presently
               or
               soon
               after
               ,
               there
               rises
               a
               violent
               Ebullition
               ,
               which
               remains
               until
               the
               acid
               finds
               no
               more
               bodies
               to
               rarifie
               .
               This
               effect
               may
               make
               us
               reasonably
               conjecture
               that
               an
               Alkali
               is
               a
               terrestrious
               and
               solid
               matter
               ,
               whose
               pores
               are
               figured
               after
               such
               a
               manner
               that
               the
               acid
               points
               entring
               into
               them
               do
               strike
               and
               divide
               whatsoever
               opposes
               their
               motion
               ;
               and
               according
               as
               the
               parts
               of
               which
               the
               Alkali
               is
               compounded
               ,
               are
               more
               or
               less
               solid
               ,
               the
               acids
               finding
               more
               or
               less
               resistance
               ,
               do
               cause
               a
               stronger
               or
               weaker
               Ebullition
               .
               So
               we
               see
               the
               Effervescency
               that
               happens
               in
               the
               dissolution
               of
               Coral
               is
               very
               much
               milder
               than
               that
               in
               the
               dissolution
               of
               Silver
               .
            
             
               There
               are
               as
               many
               different
               Alkali's
               ,
               as
               there
               are
               bodies
               that
               have
               different
               pores
               ,
               and
               this
               is
               the
               reason
               why
               an
               acid
               will
               Ferment
               with
               one
               strongly
               ,
               and
               with
               another
               not
               at
               all
               ;
               for
               there
               must
               be
               a
               due
               proportion
               between
               the
               acid
               points
               ,
               and
               the
               pores
               of
               the
               Alkali
               .
            
             
               The
               nature
               of
               Alkali's
               being
               thus
               established
               ,
               there
               will
               be
               no
               need
               of
               flying
               to
               an
               imaginary
               salt
               in
               Plants
               for
               explication
               of
               the
               Effervescency
               ;
               and
               't
               will
               be
               easily
               conceived
               that
               if
               an
               
                 Alkali
                 salt
              
               is
               full
               of
               a
               terrestrious
               matter
               that
               renders
               it
               porous
               like
               other
               
               Alkali's
               ,
               it
               must
               cause
               an
               Ebullition
               .
               That
               which
               I
               said
               ,
               speaking
               of
               Volatile
               salts
               ,
               may
               here
               be
               added
               ,
               that
               the
               Igneous
               particles
               breaking
               in
               through
               the
               Pores
               of
               the
               Alkali
               salt
               ,
               wherein
               
               they
               became
               imprisoned
               by
               the
               Calcination
               ,
               do
               much
               contribute
               to
               the
               raising
               this
               Effervescency
               .
               And
               really
               when
               the
               Acid
               Spirit
               of
               Vitriol
               ,
               or
               
                 Aqua
                 fortis
              
               is
               cast
               upon
               an
               
                 Alkali
                 salt
              
               ,
               there
               happens
               as
               strong
               an
               Ebullition
               ,
               as
               when
               this
               liquor
               is
               flung
               into
               the
               fire
               it self
               .
            
             
               Acid
               Salts
               do
               rarely
               cause
               any
               effervescency
               with
               Acid
               liquors
               ,
               because
               their
               pores
               being
               very
               small
               ,
               the
               common
               acids
               are
               not
               able
               to
               pierce
               into
               them
               ;
               but
               we
               do
               sometimes
               meet
               with
               Acids
               whose
               points
               are
               so
               fine
               and
               so
               proportioned
               to
               the
               pores
               of
               the
               Salts
               ,
               that
               they
               will
               find
               an
               entrance
               even
               into
               the
               exceeding
               little
               pores
               of
               these
               Acid
               Salts
               ,
               and
               thereby
               cause
               a
               commotion
               .
               And
               then
               these
               Salts
               ,
               although
               they
               be
               Acid
               ,
               yet
               may
               be
               called
               Alkali's
               in
               respect
               of
               such
               keen
               Acids
               .
               This
               does
               happen
               to
               Sea-salt
               ,
               which
               is
               an
               Acid
               ,
               for
               though
               it
               will
               make
               no
               Ebullition
               ,
               neither
               with
               Spirit
               of
               salt
               ,
               nor
               with
               Spirit
               of
               Niter
               ,
               nor
               with
               Spirit
               of
               Alom
               ,
               nor
               with
               Spirit
               of
               Vitriol
               ;
               yet
               if
               you
               mix
               it
               with
               the
               strongest
               Oil
               of
               Vitriol
               ,
               there
               will
               rise
               an
               Effervescency
               .
               Wherefore
               it
               may
               be
               said
               that
               one
               Acid
               Salt
               is
               an
               Alkali
               in
               respect
               of
               another
               ,
               because
               there
               being
               few
               bodies
               without
               some
               pores
               ,
               few
               of
               them
               will
               prove
               to
               be
               impenetrable
               ,
               when
               they
               meet
               with
               Acids
               of
               an
               extraordinary
               subtlety
               .
            
             
               The
               Fermentation
               that
               happens
               to
               Dow
               ,
               to
               new
               Wine
               ,
               and
               such
               like
               things
               ,
               differs
               from
               that
               I
               now
               spoke
               of
               ,
               in
               that
               it
               is
               more
               gentle
               ,
               and
               slow
               ;
               this
               is
               caused
               by
               the
               Natural
               Acid
               salt
               contained
               in
               them
               ,
               which
               expanding
               and
               exalting
               it self
               by
               its
               motion
               ,
               does
               rarifie
               and
               raise
               up
               the
               grosser
               and
               sulphureous
               part
               which
               endeavours
               to
               allay
               its
               
               motion
               ,
               from
               whence
               it
               comes
               that
               the
               matter
               swells
               up
               .
            
             
               The
               reason
               why
               an
               Acid
               does
               not
               make
               Sulphureous
               things
               Ferment
               ,
               with
               so
               much
               noise
               and
               suddenness
               as
               Alkali's
               ,
               is
               ,
               because
               that
               Oyls
               consist
               of
               pliant
               parts
               that
               yield
               and
               make
               no
               resistance
               to
               the
               points
               of
               Acids
               ,
               as
               a
               piece
               of
               Wool
               or
               Cotton
               will
               yield
               and
               give
               way
               to
               needles
               that
               are
               thrust
               into
               it
               .
               Thus
               methinks
               two
               sorts
               of
               Fermentations
               may
               be
               admitted
               of
               ,
               the
               one
               of
               an
               Acid
               with
               an
               Alkali
               ,
               which
               may
               be
               called
               Ebullition
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               ,
               when
               an
               Acid
               does
               by
               little
               and
               little
               rarifie
               some
               softish
               matter
               ,
               as
               Dow
               ,
               or
               clear
               and
               Sulphureous
               ,
               as
               
                 Muste
                 ,
                 Syder
              
               ,
               and
               all
               other
               juices
               of
               Plants
               .
               This
               last
               sort
               may
               rather
               be
               called
               Fermentation
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               further
               remarkable
               that
               the
               Acid
               and
               Alkali
               do
               so
               destroy
               one
               another
               in
               their
               conflict
               ,
               that
               when
               as
               much
               Acid
               has
               been
               by
               degrees
               poured
               as
               is
               necessary
               to
               penetrate
               the
               Alkali
               in
               all
               its
               parts
               ,
               it
               is
               then
               no
               more
               an
               Alkali
               ,
               nor
               can
               it
               be
               so
               again
               ,
               though
               you
               wash
               it
               to
               carry
               off
               the
               Acid
               ,
               because
               it
               has
               no
               longer
               that
               disposition
               of
               Pores
               which
               is
               requisite
               in
               an
               Alkali
               ;
               and
               the
               Acid
               breaks
               and
               loses
               its
               points
               in
               the
               contest
               ,
               especially
               when
               the
               Alkali
               is
               pretty
               compact
               and
               solid
               ;
               so
               that
               if
               you
               would
               recover
               your
               Acid
               again
               ,
               you
               'l
               find
               it
               has
               in
               a
               manner
               lost
               all
               its
               acidity
               ,
               and
               retains
               only
               a
               sharpness
               .
               But
               the
               Sulphur
               or
               Oyl
               consisting
               of
               supple
               yielding
               parts
               does
               only
               receive
               some
               Acid
               impression
               ,
               and
               no
               such
               close
               union
               ,
               so
               that
               it
               can
               be
               drawn
               from
               Sulphureous
               bodies
               much
               the
               same
               as
               when
               it
               was
               mixt
               .
            
             
             
               Animals
               do
               yield
               us
               two
               sorts
               of
               Salt
               ,
               the
               one
               Volatile
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               Fixt
               ;
               of
               the
               first
               sort
               they
               yield
               greater
               quantity
               than
               of
               the
               second
               ,
               because
               they
               do
               abound
               much
               in
               Spirits
               ,
               which
               by
               their
               continual
               circulation
               do
               Volatilize
               it
               .
               This
               Salt
               differs
               but
               little
               from
               the
               Volatile
               salt
               of
               Seeds
               and
               Fruits
               ,
               both
               which
               are
               drawn
               in
               a
               Retort
               ;
               they
               have
               the
               same
               kind
               of
               smell
               ,
               taste
               ,
               and
               other
               virtues
               .
               The
               Volatile
               salt
               of
               Animals
               keeps
               dry
               a
               longer
               time
               than
               the
               others
               ,
               because
               it
               carries
               away
               with
               it
               more
               
                 fixt
                 salt
              
               than
               those
               others
               .
               As
               for
               fixt
               salt
               ,
               animals
               do
               yield
               but
               a
               very
               little
               of
               it
               ,
               and
               in
               some
               animals
               you
               shall
               find
               none
               at
               all
               ;
               it
               is
               drawn
               as
               the
               
                 fixt
                 salt
              
               of
               Plants
               ;
               they
               are
               both
               Alkali's
               .
            
             
               There
               is
               no
               salt
               that
               can
               be
               called
               alkali
               ,
               to
               be
               found
               in
               the
               parts
               ,
               or
               humors
               of
               Animals
               ,
               until
               they
               have
               passed
               the
               fire
               ;
               a
               Saline
               serosity
               may
               be
               observed
               in
               them
               ,
               but
               that
               salt
               is
               acid
               ;
               and
               it
               proceeds
               doubtless
               from
               the
               Aliments
               that
               are
               taken
               for
               nourishment
               .
               Now
               as
               I
               have
               shewn
               that
               there
               is
               only
               an
               
                 acid
                 salt
              
               in
               Earths
               and
               Vegetables
               ,
               so
               I
               may
               say
               the
               same
               of
               Animals
               ,
               and
               the
               rather
               because
               no
               other
               kind
               of
               Salt
               can
               be
               found
               in
               them
               in
               their
               Natural
               state
               ;
               the
               alkali
               salts
               that
               are
               drawn
               from
               them
               ,
               are
               only
               several
               mutations
               of
               an
               acid
               salt
               ,
               made
               by
               fire
               ,
               which
               mingles
               with
               them
               earthy
               particles
               after
               the
               manner
               I
               have
               spoken
               of
               treating
               of
               the
               Alkali's
               of
               Plants
               .
               But
               it
               is
               observable
               ,
               that
               whereas
               there
               is
               a
               greater
               proportion
               of
               Spirits
               in
               Animals
               than
               Seeds
               ,
               these
               Spirits
               do
               serve
               to
               exalt
               all
               the
               Salt
               ;
               which
               is
               the
               reason
               that
               less
               fixt
               salt
               is
               to
               be
               found
               in
               Animals
               than
               Plants
               .
            
             
             
               As
               for
               what
               many
               do
               say
               that
               Choler
               causes
               an
               Effervescency
               like
               an
               Alkali
               ,
               when
               an
               acid
               is
               cast
               upon
               it
               ,
               't
               is
               a
               mistake
               through
               want
               of
               right
               Observation
               ,
               for
               no
               Ebullition
               at
               all
               happens
               for
               some
               time
               .
               Nevertheless
               I
               will
               not
               say
               ,
               that
               an
               acid
               produces
               no
               Fermentation
               in
               
                 Choler
                 ,
                 Bloud
              
               ,
               and
               other
               parts
               of
               the
               body
               ,
               for
               it
               does
               very
               often
               really
               do
               that
               ;
               but
               that
               is
               no
               more
               than
               uses
               to
               be
               done
               in
               new
               
                 Wine
                 ,
                 Beer
              
               ,
               and
               other
               liquors
               of
               the
               like
               nature
               .
               I
               have
               already
               explicated
               this
               sort
               of
               Fermentation
               .
            
             
               We
               ought
               not
               to
               omit
               speaking
               of
               the
               Coagulation
               that
               's
               made
               in
               Milk
               after
               a
               Fermentation
               caused
               either
               by
               Heat
               ,
               or
               some
               Acid
               put
               into
               it
               .
            
             
               Methinks
               here
               is
               no
               need
               at
               all
               of
               supposing
               an
               Alkali
               salt
               ,
               that
               ferments
               with
               the
               Acid
               of
               this
               liquor
               ,
               as
               many
               suppose
               for
               explicating
               this
               Effect
               ,
               since
               if
               we
               consider
               but
               the
               natural
               composition
               of
               Milk
               ,
               we
               shall
               find
               it
               to
               be
               nothing
               but
               a
               Creamy
               substance
               swimming
               on
               the
               Serum
               ,
               and
               mixed
               only
               superficially
               with
               it
               ,
               by
               the
               intermixture
               of
               some
               salt
               ;
               so
               that
               it
               is
               in
               a
               fitting
               state
               of
               separation
               ,
               as
               soon
               as
               the
               salt
               gains
               a
               little
               more
               motion
               than
               it
               had
               ,
               whether
               it
               be
               by
               Fermentation
               ,
               or
               by
               encreasing
               its
               activity
               by
               an
               acid
               of
               its
               own
               nature
               .
               Thus
               when
               the
               heat
               of
               the
               Summer
               ,
               or
               fire
               has
               stirred
               up
               the
               acid
               that
               is
               in
               the
               Milk
               ,
               or
               else
               some
               acid
               is
               poured
               into
               it
               ,
               the
               edges
               of
               the
               acid
               do
               cut
               and
               divide
               the
               Creamy
               part
               ,
               to
               gain
               a
               free
               motion
               in
               the
               Serum
               ,
               and
               separate
               into
               Curd
               all
               the
               Butter
               and
               Cheese
               .
               Now
               there
               's
               nothing
               strange
               in
               the
               Precipitation
               of
               the
               Curd
               ,
               especially
               when
               an
               acid
               has
               been
               poured
               upon
               the
               Milk
               ,
               for
               besides
               the
               weight
               it
               gains
               by
               thickning
               ,
               some
               part
               
               of
               the
               acids
               do
               mix
               with
               it
               ,
               and
               encrease
               its
               weight
               ;
               for
               according
               as
               the
               acid
               that
               was
               mingled
               is
               stronger
               or
               weaker
               ,
               the
               Curd
               does
               Precipitate
               more
               or
               less
               .
            
             
               Perhaps
               some
               will
               say
               ,
               for
               as
               much
               as
               acid
               is
               always
               the
               cause
               of
               Coagulation
               in
               Milk
               ,
               there
               's
               no
               great
               likelihood
               that
               a
               salt
               of
               the
               same
               nature
               should
               be
               the
               instrument
               of
               uniting
               the
               several
               parts
               of
               Milk.
               
            
             
               But
               it
               must
               be
               considered
               ,
               that
               although
               there
               is
               an
               acid
               in
               Milk
               (
               as
               no
               body
               can
               doubt
               ,
               seeing
               it
               sowres
               of
               it self
               ,
               when
               stale
               )
               this
               acid
               is
               as
               it
               were
               imbodied
               in
               the
               ramous
               parts
               of
               the
               Oyl
               ,
               so
               that
               there
               is
               loses
               all
               its
               motion
               and
               cannot
               come
               to
               action
               but
               by
               rarifying
               the
               Oyl
               ,
               and
               making
               it
               fit
               to
               mix
               with
               the
               serous
               part
               ;
               it
               is
               the
               due
               proportion
               of
               this
               
                 salt
                 ,
                 Oyl
              
               ,
               and
               serum
               ,
               that
               makes
               the
               Butter
               and
               Cheesy
               part
               of
               Milk.
               
            
             
               Now
               I
               hope
               I
               have
               said
               enough
               to
               establish
               what
               I
               have
               affirmed
               ,
               that
               there
               's
               no
               salt
               in
               nature
               besides
               the
               acid
               ,
               out
               of
               which
               all
               other
               Salts
               are
               made
               ,
               and
               that
               the
               Alkali
               salt
               has
               no
               
                 Natural
                 existence
              
               in
               mixt
               bodies
               .
               My
               discourse
               will
               be
               the
               better
               relished
               when
               I
               speak
               of
               the
               Operations
               of
               Chymistry
               ,
               and
               you
               'l
               find
               that
               by
               this
               Principle
               ,
               which
               I
               may
               call
               the
               most
               Natural
               and
               impartial
               of
               all
               that
               have
               been
               laid
               till
               now
               ,
               I
               shall
               be
               able
               to
               give
               account
               of
               many
               Phaenomena's
               that
               have
               never
               been
               explicated
               by
               common
               Principles
               .
            
          
        
         
           
           
             Of
             Chymical
             Furnaces
             and
             Vessels
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             not
             my
             design
             to
             relate
             here
             exactly
             all
             the
             kinds
             of
             Vessels
             and
             Furnaces
             that
             Artists
             have
             invented
             to
             use
             in
             Chymistry
             .
             I
             shall
             describe
             only
             those
             with
             which
             you
             will
             be
             able
             to
             perform
             all
             Operations
             ,
             and
             send
             curious
             persons
             ,
             who
             would
             be
             more
             particularly
             instructed
             in
             them
             ,
             into
             the
             Laboratories
             ,
             where
             they
             may
             learn
             more
             on
             this
             subject
             than
             ever
             they
             will
             be
             able
             to
             do
             by
             consulting
             all
             the
             Books
             in
             the
             world
             .
             These
             then
             are
             the
             principal
             .
          
           
             The
             Furnace
             which
             is
             most
             in
             use
             among
             Chymists
             is
             that
             which
             is
             called
             the
             Reverberatory
             ;
             it
             must
             be
             large
             enough
             to
             hold
             a
             great
             Retort
             ,
             for
             the
             Distillation
             of
             acid
             Spirits
             ,
             and
             other
             things
             .
             This
             Furnace
             must
             be
             fixt
             ,
             and
             made
             of
             Brick
             ,
             joyned
             together
             with
             a
             Lute
             compounded
             of
             one
             part
             of
             Potters
             earth
             ,
             so
             much
             Horse-dung
             ,
             and
             twice
             as
             much
             Sand
             ,
             the
             whole
             kneaded
             together
             in
             Water
             ;
             let
             it
             be
             two
             Bricks
             breadth
             ,
             that
             the
             Furnace
             being
             the
             thicker
             ,
             the
             heat
             may
             be
             retained
             the
             longer
             :
             let
             the
             Ash-hole
             be
             a
             Foot
             high
             ,
             and
             the
             Door
             contrived
             ,
             if
             possible
             ,
             on
             the
             side
             that
             the
             air
             comes
             ,
             that
             when
             you
             have
             a
             mind
             to
             open
             it
             ,
             the
             Fire
             may
             be
             lighted
             or
             encreased
             the
             more
             easily
             ;
             the
             fire
             room
             need
             not
             be
             quite
             so
             high
             ;
             you
             must
             lay
             a-cross
             it
             two
             Iron-bars
             of
             the
             bigness
             of
             your
             thumb
             ,
             which
             will
             serve
             you
             to
             set
             your
             Retort
             upon
             ;
             and
             the
             Furnace
             must
             be
             still
             raised
             near
             about
             a
             Foot
             higher
             ,
             to
             cover
             the
             Retort
             ;
             fit
             to
             it
             a
             Dome
             ,
             or
             Cover
             ,
             
             that
             may
             have
             a
             hole
             in
             the
             middle
             with
             its
             stopple
             ,
             and
             a
             small
             Chimny
             a
             foot
             high
             ,
             for
             to
             place
             upon
             this
             hole
             ,
             when
             the
             stopple
             is
             taken
             out
             ,
             and
             when
             you
             would
             raise
             a
             great
             heat
             ;
             for
             the
             flame
             preserving
             its
             self
             by
             means
             of
             this
             little
             Chimney
             ,
             it
             reverberates
             the
             more
             strongly
             upon
             the
             Retort
             .
             This
             Cover
             may
             be
             made
             of
             the
             same
             Paste
             ,
             that
             I
             shall
             presently
             describe
             ,
             speaking
             of
             Portable
             Furnaces
             .
          
           
             It
             will
             be
             necessary
             to
             have
             several
             Furnaces
             of
             this
             same
             fashion
             ;
             but
             they
             must
             be
             of
             different
             sizes
             ,
             to
             work
             conveniently
             according
             to
             the
             bigness
             of
             the
             Vessel
             you
             would
             place
             in
             it
             .
             For
             that
             the
             Fire
             may
             act
             more
             vehemently
             upon
             the
             Retort
             ,
             there
             must
             be
             left
             but
             only
             the
             space
             of
             a
             fingers
             breadth
             all
             round
             between
             the
             Furnace
             and
             the
             Retort
             .
             These
             Furnaces
             may
             also
             serve
             for
             Distilling
             by
             the
             Refrigeratory
             ,
             in
             the
             Sea-Bath
             ,
             the
             Vaporous
             and
             the
             Sand-bath
             ;
             for
             you
             may
             place
             the
             Copper
             body
             upon
             the
             Iron
             bars
             ,
             when
             you
             would
             distil
             by
             the
             Refrigeratory
             .
             It
             is
             easie
             to
             do
             the
             same
             with
             the
             
               Balneum
               Mariae
            
             .
             As
             for
             the
             Sand-bath
             ,
             lay
             an
             iron
             or
             earthen
             pan
             on
             the
             bars
             ,
             and
             put
             sand
             enough
             into
             it
             for
             to
             cover
             the
             bottom
             and
             sides
             of
             the
             Vessel
             you
             desire
             to
             heat
             .
          
           
             As
             for
             Fusions
             ,
             you
             must
             build
             a
             Furnace
             of
             the
             same
             matter
             and
             form
             as
             those
             spoken
             of
             before
             ;
             only
             you
             must
             forbear
             laying
             the
             two
             Iron
             bars
             in
             it
             ,
             that
             you
             did
             in
             the
             others
             ,
             for
             support
             of
             the
             Vessel
             .
          
           
             Moveable
             Furnaces
             are
             made
             of
             a
             paste
             that
             consists
             of
             three
             parts
             of
             broken
             pots
             in
             powder
             ,
             and
             two
             parts
             of
             clay
             temper'd
             together
             with
             Water
             .
             Their
             structure
             is
             just
             like
             that
             of
             the
          
        
         
           
           
             
             
               An
               Explication
               of
               the
               FIGURES
               of
               the
               FIRST
               TABLE
               .
            
             
               A
               
                 Great
                 Reverberatory
                 Furnace
              
               .
            
             
               a
               
                 The
                 Ash-hole
              
               .
            
             
               b
               
                 The
                 Fire-room
              
               .
            
             
               c
               
                 A
                 Retort
                 supported
                 on
                 two
                 Iron
                 bars
                 .
              
            
             
               d
               
                 The
                 Dome
                 ,
                 or
                 Cover
              
               .
            
             
               e
               
                 The
                 Receiver
              
               .
            
             
               f
               
                 A
                 little
                 Chimny
              
               .
            
             
               g
               
                 The
                 Dome
                 taken
                 off
                 the
                 Furnace
                 .
              
            
             
               h
               
                 A
                 Retort
              
               .
            
             
               i
               
                 A
                 small
                 Reverberatory
                 Furnace
                 ready
                 to
                 work
                 with
                 .
              
            
             
               k
               
                 A
                 fixed
                 little
                 Furnace
                 for
                 Fusions
                 .
              
            
             
               l
               
                 An
                 Iron
                 pot
                 to
                 hold
                 the
                 sand
                 .
              
            
             
               m
               
                 The
                 Fire-place
              
               .
            
             
               n
               
                 The
                 Ash-room
              
               .
            
             
               o
               
                 A
                 Furnace
                 in
                 which
                 is
                 placed
                 a
                 great
                 Copper
                 Body
                 .
              
            
             
               p
               
                 The
                 Copper
                 Body
                 tinn'd
                 o'
                 th'
                 inside
                 ,
                 supported
                 on
                 two
                 Iron
                 bars
                 .
              
            
             
               q
               
                 The
                 Head.
              
               
            
             
               r
               
                 A
                 copper
                 Pipe
                 tinn'd
                 ,
                 passing
                 through
                 a
                 vessel
                 filled
                 with
                 water
                 .
              
            
             
               s
               
                 A
                 glass
                 Receiver
              
               .
            
             
               t
               
                 A
                 small
                 Iron
                 Furnace
              
               .
            
             
               u
               
                 An
                 Iron
                 pot
              
               .
            
             
               x
               
                 The
                 Cover
                 to
                 the
                 Iron
                 pot
                 .
              
            
             
               y
               
                 A
                 Cock
                 to
                 let
                 the
                 water
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 vessel
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 grows
                 too
                 hot
                 .
              
            
             
               z
               
                 A
                 Matrass
                 ,
                 or
                 Bolt-head
              
               .
            
          
           
           
             
               
                 The
                 FIRST
                 TABLE
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
             
             
               The
               SECOND
               TABLE
               .
            
             
               a
               a
               A
               
                 Moveable
                 Furnace
                 for
                 fusions
              
               .
            
             
               b
               
                 Registers
                 ,
                 or
                 holes
                 to
                 let
                 the
                 air
                 into
                 the
                 fire
                 .
              
            
             
               c
               
                 A
                 Dome
                 divided
                 in
                 two
              
               .
            
             
               d
               
                 A
                 little
                 Chimny
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 flame
                 passing
                 through
                 it
                 .
              
            
             
               e
               
                 An
                 Iron
                 trevet
                 to
                 support
                 the
                 furnace
                 .
              
            
             
               f
               
                 A
                 glass
                 Mortar
                 ,
                 with
                 its
                 Pestle
                 .
              
            
             
               g
               h
               
                 A
                 pot
                 with
                 a
                 coffin
                 of
                 paper
                 over
                 it
                 ,
                 for
                 receiving
                 the
                 Flowers
                 of
                 Benjamin
                 .
              
            
             
               i
               k
               l
               
                 A
                 Matrass
                 ,
                 or
                 Bolt-head
                 ,
                 and
                 its
                 blind-head
                 ,
                 for
                 sublimations
                 .
              
            
             
               m
               n
               
                 A
                 great
                 earthen
                 pan
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 little
                 Cup
                 turned
                 upside
                 downwards
                 .
                 A
                 Crucible
                 containing
                 the
                 lighted
                 Sulphur
                 .
                 A
                 great
                 glass
                 Tunnel
                 ,
                 to
                 draw
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Sulphur
                 .
              
            
             
               o
               
                 A
                 Mould
              
               .
            
             
               p
               
                 A
                 copper
                 Body
              
               .
            
             
               q
               
                 Its
                 Refrigeratory
              
               .
            
             
               r
               
                 The
                 Receiver
              
               .
            
             
               s
               
                 A
                 Circulating
                 vessel
              
               .
            
             
               t
               
                 A
                 Pot
                 with
                 a
                 hole
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 its
                 height
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 stopple
                 of
                 the
                 hole
                 lying
                 by
                 .
              
            
             
               u
               
                 Three
                 Aludels
                 ,
                 or
                 Pots
                 upon
                 one
                 another
                 .
              
            
             
               x
               
                 The
                 glass
                 head
              
               .
            
             
               y
               
                 A
                 Mould
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 balls
                 of
              
               Regulus
               
                 of
                 Antimony
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 called
                 perpetual
                 Pills
                 .
              
            
             
               z
               
                 The
                 Mould
                 wherewith
                 to
                 form
                 the
              
               lapis
               infernalis
               .
            
             
               a
               a
               
                 A
                 little
                 furnace
                 ,
                 and
                 its
                 pan
                 with
                 sand
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 earthen
                 pan
                 filled
                 with
                 liquor
                 to
                 be
                 evaporated
                 .
              
            
             
               b
               b
               
                 A
                 Coppel
              
               .
            
             
               c
               c
               
                 A
                 little
                 Coppel
                 to
                 make
                 trials
                 with
                 .
              
            
          
           
           
             
               
                 The
                 SECOND
                 TABLE
              
            
          
        
         
           
             
             
               The
               THIRD
               TABLE
               .
            
             
               A
               
                 Moveable
                 Furnace
                 to
                 distil
                 in
                 Sand.
                 
              
            
             
               a
               
                 The
                 Ash-hole
                 ,
                 and
                 its
                 door
                 .
              
            
             
               b
               
                 The
                 Fire-place
                 ,
                 and
                 its
                 door
                 .
              
            
             
               c
               
                 The
                 Cucurbite
                 ,
                 or
                 Body
              
               .
            
             
               d
               
                 The
                 Sand
                 ,
                 wherein
                 the
                 Body
                 is
                 placed
                 .
              
            
             
               e
               
                 The
                 Head.
              
               
            
             
               f
               
                 The
                 Receiver
              
               .
            
             
               g
               
                 The
                 same
                 Furnace
                 empty
              
               .
            
             
               h
               
                 A
                 Body
              
               .
            
             
               i
               
                 A
                 Head.
              
               
            
             
               k
               
                 A
                 glass
                 in
                 which
                 Oil
                 of
                 Cloves
                 is
                 made
                 .
              
            
             
               l
               
                 A
                 Copper
              
               Balneum
               
                 to
                 contain
                 ,
                 and
                 distil
                 with
                 four
                 Alembicks
                 .
              
            
             
               m
               n
               
                 A
                 Pipe
                 through
                 which
                 the
                 hot
                 water
                 is
                 poured
                 into
                 the
              
               Balneum
               ,
               
                 according
                 as
                 it
                 evaporates
              
               .
            
             
               o
               
                 The
                 Receiver
              
               .
            
             
               p
               A
               Balneum
               
                 to
                 distil
                 with
                 one
                 Alembick
              
               .
            
             
               q
               
                 A
                 Mold
                 to
                 make
                 Cups
                 of
              
               Regulus
               
                 of
                 Antimony
              
               .
            
             
               r
               
                 A
                 French
                 Crucible
              
               .
            
             
               s
               
                 A
                 German
                 Crucible
              
               .
            
          
           
           
             
               
                 The
                 THIRD
                 TABLE
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
           
             Reverberatory
             Furnace
             .
             You
             may
             also
             leave
             holes
             through
             which
             the
             Iron-bars
             may
             pass
             ,
             which
             support
             the
             Retort
             that
             they
             may
             be
             easily
             taken
             out
             ,
             when
             you
             have
             a
             mind
             to
             use
             this
             Furnace
             for
             Fusions
             .
          
           
             A
             Furnace
             of
             this
             form
             may
             be
             called
             Polychrest
             (
             or
             general
             )
             because
             such
             a
             one
             may
             be
             used
             for
             all
             sorts
             of
             Operations
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             likewise
             convenient
             for
             Fusions
             ,
             to
             have
             a
             moveable
             Furnace
             of
             the
             same
             matter
             as
             the
             others
             ;
             it
             must
             be
             round
             ,
             and
             may
             be
             set
             upon
             a
             stool
             :
             it
             is
             to
             have
             only
             one
             grate
             ,
             and
             six
             Registers
             ,
             or
             holes
             on
             the
             sides
             ,
             to
             let
             in
             the
             air
             to
             the
             fire
             .
             The
             Dome
             may
             be
             made
             of
             the
             same
             matter
             ,
             for
             to
             cover
             it
             ,
             and
             a
             small
             earthen
             Chimney
             for
             to
             place
             upon
             the
             hole
             of
             the
             Dome
             ,
             that
             the
             fire
             may
             keep
             the
             stronger
             .
             See
             the
             figure
             of
             it
             in
             the
             second
             Table
             .
          
           
             You
             must
             be
             sure
             to
             put
             sand
             ,
             or
             broken
             pots
             ,
             or
             such
             like
             things
             into
             the
             Paste
             that
             you
             use
             for
             the
             building
             Furnaces
             ,
             either
             fixt
             ,
             or
             moveable
             ,
             to
             hinder
             them
             from
             cracks
             ,
             when
             they
             come
             to
             dry
             ;
             for
             these
             matters
             rendring
             the
             clay
             more
             porous
             ,
             the
             wet
             breaths
             out
             much
             the
             more
             easily
             .
          
           
             Again
             ,
             Lime
             and
             Sand
             tempered
             together
             ,
             might
             serve
             for
             the
             building
             your
             fixt
             Furnaces
             ,
             and
             stones
             might
             be
             used
             instead
             of
             bricks
             ;
             but
             because
             it
             is
             necessary
             to
             increase
             and
             lessen
             the
             Furnaces
             ,
             to
             proportion
             their
             size
             to
             the
             vessels
             you
             would
             place
             in
             them
             ,
             the
             description
             which
             I
             gave
             before
             is
             the
             more
             convenient
             ,
             for
             that
             a
             man
             may
             very
             easily
             break
             them
             ,
             and
             build
             them
             again
             ,
             without
             the
             help
             of
             a
             Brick-layer
             .
          
           
           
             A
             small
             Iron
             Furnace
             with
             its
             iron
             pot
             ,
             and
             a
             cover
             to
             it
             ,
             is
             convenient
             for
             performing
             many
             operations
             ;
             this
             pot
             may
             serve
             for
             a
             
               Balneum
               Mariae
            
             ,
             and
             for
             a
             Vaporous
             Bath
             ,
             when
             there
             is
             no
             other
             .
             It
             may
             be
             likewise
             used
             to
             distil
             by
             an
             Alembick
             ,
             in
             a
             Bath
             of
             Sand
             ,
             Ashes
             ,
             or
             of
             filings
             of
             Iron
             .
             See
             the
             description
             of
             it
             in
             the
             first
             Table
             .
          
           
             A
             great
             Iron
             Furnace
             should
             likewise
             be
             had
             ,
             whereon
             to
             place
             a
             Copper
             
               Balneum
               Mariae
            
             ,
             for
             to
             distil
             with
             four
             bodies
             at
             once
             .
             In
             the
             middle
             of
             this
             Bath
             there
             should
             be
             a
             pipe
             raised
             ,
             the
             top
             of
             which
             must
             be
             made
             like
             a
             Funnel
             ,
             into
             which
             you
             are
             to
             pour
             hot
             water
             ,
             in
             place
             of
             that
             which
             consumes
             away
             in
             vapour
             .
             See
             its
             figure
             in
             the
             third
             Table
             .
          
           
             As
             for
             Vessels
             chuse
             them
             as
             much
             as
             may
             be
             of
             Earth
             or
             Glass
             ;
             for
             it
             is
             to
             be
             feared
             that
             those
             which
             are
             made
             of
             Metal
             will
             communicate
             some
             particular
             impression
             to
             the
             Liquors
             you
             put
             into
             them
             :
             but
             because
             sometimes
             you
             may
             have
             occasion
             to
             distil
             a
             great
             many
             things
             in
             a
             little
             time
             ,
             you
             may
             use
             the
             Copper-Cucurbit
             ,
             or
             Body
             Tinn'd
             ,
             because
             that
             Tinn
             is
             not
             so
             soluble
             as
             Copper
             ,
             and
             besides
             hath
             no
             such
             pernicious
             quality
             :
             upon
             this
             Cucurbit
             place
             a
             fit
             head
             ,
             round
             about
             which
             must
             be
             made
             a
             kind
             of
             bason
             to
             hold
             the
             water
             that
             cools
             and
             condenses
             the
             vapours
             which
             rise
             from
             the
             Matter
             contained
             in
             the
             Vesica
             so
             soon
             as
             it
             is
             heated
             .
             See
             its
             description
             in
             the
             second
             Table
             .
          
           
             You
             may
             likewise
             provide
             a
             Copper
             pipe
             tinn'd
             o'
             th'
             inside
             ,
             which
             may
             pass
             sloping
             downwards
             through
             a
             vessel
             fill'd
             with
             water
             ;
             and
             when
             you
             would
             distil
             Essences
             with
             it
             ,
             you
             must
             fit
             the
             upper
             
             end
             of
             it
             to
             the
             nose
             of
             the
             head
             ,
             and
             the
             lower
             end
             of
             it
             to
             the
             mouth
             of
             the
             Receiver
             ;
             but
             you
             must
             remember
             to
             empty
             the
             water
             out
             of
             the
             vessel
             ,
             according
             as
             it
             grows
             hot
             ,
             for
             to
             cool
             the
             liquor
             that
             is
             distilling
             ;
             and
             to
             this
             end
             there
             must
             be
             a
             hole
             made
             at
             the
             bottom
             of
             the
             vessel
             ,
             to
             be
             stopt
             with
             a
             wooden
             stopple
             ,
             which
             may
             be
             taken
             out
             ,
             and
             put
             in
             again
             ,
             as
             often
             as
             you
             would
             let
             out
             the
             water
             .
          
           
             The
             
               Moor's
               head
            
             is
             a
             Copper
             cap
             tinn'd
             on
             the
             inside
             ,
             made
             like
             to
             a
             head
             .
             See
             the
             figure
             of
             it
             in
             the
             first
             Table
             .
          
           
             Many
             Retorts
             of
             different
             sizes
             are
             necessary
             in
             a
             Laboratory
             ;
             those
             which
             are
             of
             Earth
             are
             convenient
             for
             the
             distillation
             of
             Acid
             Spirits
             ,
             because
             they
             are
             able
             to
             endure
             the
             utmost
             degree
             of
             Fire
             ,
             and
             will
             not
             melt
             as
             glass
             do
             .
             The
             Vessels
             made
             of
             Earth
             have
             their
             pores
             as
             close
             as
             glass
             it self
             ,
             and
             preserve
             the
             Spirits
             as
             well
             .
             They
             who
             want
             Earthen
             Vessels
             may
             coat
             their
             glass
             Retorts
             with
             the
             Lute
             that
             I
             shall
             describe
             hereafter
             ,
             that
             if
             the
             glass
             should
             melt
             ,
             when
             they
             are
             distilling
             Acid
             Spirits
             ,
             the
             Lute
             may
             preserve
             the
             matter
             safe
             .
          
           
             Earthen
             ,
             and
             Glass
             Cucurbits
             ,
             with
             their
             heads
             ,
             do
             serve
             for
             a
             great
             many
             Operations
             .
          
           
             Matrasses
             both
             great
             and
             small
             ,
             when
             they
             are
             fitted
             to
             the
             nose
             of
             a
             Limbeck
             ,
             are
             called
             Receivers
             ;
             at
             other
             times
             we
             put
             things
             into
             them
             to
             digest
             :
             and
             they
             are
             also
             fit
             for
             sublimations
             .
             When
             the
             neck
             of
             one
             Matrass
             is
             put
             into
             the
             neck
             of
             another
             ,
             they
             are
             called
             a
             
               double
               vessel
            
             ,
             and
             this
             is
             done
             when
             we
             desire
             to
             circulate
             Spirits
             ,
             but
             then
             the
             junctures
             must
             be
             very
             well
             luted
             .
          
           
           
             You
             must
             also
             provide
             many
             large
             capacious
             Recipients
             for
             the
             Distillation
             of
             Acid
             Spirits
             by
             a
             Retort
             .
             They
             must
             be
             so
             very
             large
             ,
             that
             the
             Spirits
             may
             have
             room
             to
             Circulate
             the
             better
             .
          
           
             Lingots
             are
             Iron
             molds
             of
             divers
             shapes
             ,
             into
             which
             melted
             Metals
             are
             wont
             to
             be
             poured
             ,
             in
             order
             to
             harden
             in
             the
             form
             that
             we
             would
             have
             them
             .
             That
             which
             is
             used
             for
             the
             making
             
               Lapis
               infernalis
            
             must
             consist
             of
             two
             pieces
             joined
             together
             with
             two
             little
             Iron
             rings
             ,
             and
             the
             melted
             matter
             is
             poured
             into
             the
             upper
             part
             of
             it
             .
             See
             its
             figure
             in
             the
             second
             Table
             .
          
           
             Coppels
             are
             porous
             vessels
             made
             in
             form
             of
             a
             cup
             ,
             to
             be
             used
             for
             the
             trying
             and
             purifying
             of
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             .
             They
             are
             made
             of
             Ashes
             well
             washt
             ,
             or
             of
             bones
             calcined
             .
             See
             their
             figure
             in
             the
             second
             Table
             .
          
           
             Ashes
             deprived
             of
             their
             salts
             are
             rather
             used
             than
             others
             ,
             for
             the
             composition
             of
             this
             sort
             of
             vessels
             ,
             that
             they
             may
             be
             made
             the
             more
             porous
             ,
             by
             such
             deprivation
             .
             See
             the
             Chapter
             concerning
             Purification
             of
             Silver
             by
             the
             Coppel
             ,
             and
             the
             Remarks
             upon
             it
             .
          
           
             Many
             glass
             Funnels
             great
             and
             small
             ,
             Viols
             of
             glass
             ,
             Crucibles
             ,
             Pans
             ,
             Mortars
             of
             glass
             or
             stone
             ,
             or
             Marble
             or
             Iron
             ,
             must
             not
             be
             forgotten
             .
          
           
             Aludels
             must
             also
             have
             a
             place
             there
             ;
             they
             are
             Pots
             without
             a
             bottom
             ,
             joyned
             together
             ,
             and
             are
             placed
             over
             another
             Pot
             with
             a
             whole
             in
             the
             middle
             ,
             to
             serve
             for
             Sublimations
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Of
             Lutes
             .
          
           
             The
             Fire
             is
             often
             raised
             to
             so
             high
             a
             degree
             as
             will
             melt
             glass
             Retorts
             in
             a
             Reverberatory
             Furnace
             ,
             wherefore
             it
             will
             be
             convenient
             to
             coat
             them
             over
             with
             such
             a
             Lute
             ,
             as
             when
             dry
             is
             able
             to
             preserve
             and
             contain
             the
             matter
             that
             is
             put
             into
             them
             to
             be
             distill'd
             .
             This
             Lute
             may
             be
             made
             after
             the
             manner
             which
             follows
             .
          
           
             Take
             Sand
             ,
             the
             dross
             of
             Iron
             ,
             Potters
             earth
             in
             powder
             ,
             of
             each
             five
             pounds
             ,
             horse-dung
             cut
             small
             a
             pound
             ,
             glass
             beaten
             into
             powder
             ,
             and
             Sea-salt
             ,
             of
             each
             four
             ounces
             ,
             mix
             them
             all
             ,
             and
             with
             a
             sufficient
             quantity
             of
             water
             make
             a
             Paste
             or
             Lute
             ,
             with
             which
             you
             must
             coat
             the
             Retort
             all
             round
             ,
             to
             half
             its
             neck
             ,
             and
             so
             set
             it
             a
             drying
             .
             This
             same
             Lute
             will
             serve
             to
             stop
             close
             the
             junctures
             of
             the
             neck
             of
             the
             Retort
             with
             the
             Recipient
             ;
             but
             because
             when
             it
             dries
             ,
             it
             grows
             exceeding
             hard
             ,
             and
             it
             proves
             difficult
             to
             unlute
             it
             ,
             it
             is
             needful
             to
             wet
             it
             with
             wet
             clothes
             ,
             when
             you
             would
             take
             the
             Retort
             asunder
             from
             the
             Receiver
             .
          
           
             The
             Lute
             that
             I
             commonly
             use
             my self
             for
             such
             occasions
             ,
             is
             compounded
             only
             of
             two
             parts
             of
             Sand
             ,
             and
             one
             of
             clay
             tempered
             together
             with
             water
             .
          
           
             As
             for
             the
             conjunction
             of
             Limbecks
             ,
             ordinary
             Glue
             upon
             paper
             will
             serve
             turn
             :
             but
             when
             something
             very
             spirituous
             is
             distilled
             ,
             such
             as
             the
             Spirit
             of
             Wine
             ,
             use
             a
             wet
             Bladder
             ,
             which
             carries
             a
             Glue
             along
             with
             it
             ,
             that
             sticks
             very
             well
             .
             But
             if
             the
             bladder
             happens
             to
             be
             eaten
             or
             corroded
             by
             
             the
             Spirits
             ,
             have
             recourse
             to
             the
             following
             Glue
             .
          
           
             Take
             Flower
             ,
             and
             Lime
             slackt
             ,
             of
             each
             an
             ounce
             ,
             Potters-earth
             in
             powder
             half
             an
             ounce
             ,
             mix
             them
             ,
             and
             make
             a
             moist
             Paste
             with
             a
             sufficient
             quantity
             of
             the
             Whites
             of
             Eggs
             well
             beaten
             before
             hand
             with
             a
             little
             water
             .
             This
             Paste
             may
             likewise
             serve
             to
             stop
             the
             cracks
             that
             happen
             in
             glass
             vessels
             ,
             there
             must
             be
             three
             lays
             of
             the
             Paste
             bound
             on
             with
             paper
             .
          
           
             To
             Seal
             Hermetically
             ,
             is
             to
             stop
             the
             mouth
             or
             neck
             of
             a
             Glass-Vessel
             with
             a
             pair
             of
             Pincers
             heated
             red
             hot
             .
             To
             do
             this
             ,
             the
             neck
             is
             heated
             by
             little
             and
             little
             with
             burning
             coals
             ,
             and
             the
             fire
             is
             encreased
             and
             continued
             ,
             until
             the
             Glass
             is
             ready
             to
             melt
             .
             This
             way
             of
             sealing
             a
             Vessel
             is
             used
             ,
             when
             you
             have
             put
             some
             matter
             within
             it
             that
             is
             easie
             to
             be
             exalted
             ,
             and
             you
             have
             a
             mind
             to
             make
             it
             Circulate
             .
          
        
         
           
             Of
             the
             Degrees
             of
             Fire
             .
          
           
             To
             make
             a
             Fire
             of
             the
             First
             Degree
             ,
             two
             or
             three
             coals
             lighted
             will
             suffice
             to
             raise
             a
             most
             gentle
             heat
             .
          
           
             For
             the
             Fire
             of
             the
             second
             degree
             ,
             three
             or
             four
             coals
             will
             serve
             ,
             to
             give
             such
             a
             heat
             as
             is
             able
             sensibly
             to
             warm
             the
             Vessel
             ,
             but
             so
             as
             a
             hand
             may
             be
             able
             to
             endure
             it
             for
             some
             time
             .
          
           
             For
             the
             Fire
             of
             the
             Third
             degree
             ,
             you
             must
             cause
             heat
             enough
             to
             make
             a
             Pot
             boil
             ,
             that
             is
             fill'd
             with
             five
             or
             six
             quarts
             of
             water
             .
          
           
           
             For
             the
             Fourth
             Degree
             ,
             you
             must
             use
             Coals
             and
             Wood
             together
             ,
             enough
             to
             give
             the
             most
             extream
             heat
             of
             all
             .
          
           
             The
             Fire
             of
             Sand
             ,
             of
             the
             filings
             of
             Iron
             ,
             and
             of
             Ashes
             ,
             is
             made
             ,
             when
             the
             Vessel
             that
             contains
             the
             matter
             that
             is
             to
             be
             heated
             is
             covered
             underneath
             and
             on
             all
             sides
             with
             Sand
             ,
             or
             the
             filings
             of
             Iron
             ,
             or
             with
             Ashes
             ;
             this
             is
             done
             to
             heat
             the
             Vessel
             the
             more
             gently
             .
          
           
             All
             these
             Fires
             have
             their
             Degrees
             ,
             but
             the
             Ash-fire
             is
             the
             mildest
             ,
             because
             the
             Ashes
             cannot
             contain
             so
             great
             a
             heat
             as
             the
             others
             .
          
           
             The
             Reverberatory
             Fire
             is
             made
             in
             a
             close
             Furnace
             ,
             that
             the
             heat
             or
             flame
             which
             always
             tends
             upwards
             ,
             may
             reverberate
             or
             return
             upon
             the
             Vessel
             which
             is
             placed
             on
             two
             Iron
             bars
             .
             This
             fire
             hath
             its
             Degrees
             ,
             but
             may
             be
             raised
             to
             a
             greater
             violence
             than
             the
             rest
             .
          
           
             The
             Wheel
             fire
             ,
             for
             Fusion
             ,
             is
             made
             when
             with
             lighted
             coals
             you
             encompass
             all
             round
             a
             Crucible
             ,
             that
             holds
             the
             matter
             you
             desire
             to
             melt
             .
          
           
             The
             
               Balneum
               Mariae
            
             is
             ,
             when
             an
             Alembick
             containing
             the
             matter
             that
             is
             to
             be
             heated
             ,
             is
             placed
             in
             a
             Vessel
             filled
             with
             Water
             ,
             under
             which
             the
             Fire
             is
             made
             ;
             thus
             the
             water
             growing
             hot
             ,
             heats
             the
             matter
             contained
             in
             the
             Alembick
             .
          
           
             The
             Vaporous
             Bath
             is
             ,
             when
             a
             Glass
             vessel
             containing
             some
             Matter
             is
             heated
             by
             the
             vapour
             of
             hot
             water
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Explication
             of
             many
             Terms
             that
             are
             used
             in
             Chymistry
             .
          
           
             To
             Alcoholize
             ,
             or
             reduce
             into
             Alcohol
             ,
             signifies
             to
             Subtilize
             ,
             as
             when
             a
             Mixt
             is
             beaten
             into
             an
             impalpable
             powder
             .
             This
             word
             is
             also
             used
             to
             express
             a
             very
             pure
             Spirit
             ;
             thus
             the
             Spirit
             of
             Wine
             well
             rectified
             is
             called
             the
             Alcohol
             of
             Wine
             .
          
           
             Amalgamate
             is
             to
             mix
             Mercury
             with
             some
             melted
             Metal
             ;
             this
             Operation
             serves
             to
             render
             the
             Metal
             fit
             to
             be
             extended
             on
             some
             Works
             ,
             as
             Gold
             ,
             or
             else
             to
             reduce
             it
             into
             a
             very
             subtile
             powder
             ,
             which
             is
             done
             by
             putting
             the
             Amalgame
             into
             a
             Crucible
             over
             the
             Fire
             :
             for
             the
             Mercury
             subliming
             into
             the
             Air
             leaves
             the
             Metal
             in
             an
             impalpable
             powder
             ;
             neither
             Iron
             nor
             Copper
             can
             by
             any
             means
             be
             Amalgamated
             .
          
           
             Cement
             is
             a
             manner
             of
             purifying
             Gold.
             'T
             is
             done
             by
             stratification
             with
             a
             hard
             paste
             made
             of
             one
             part
             of
             Salt
             Armoniack
             ,
             two
             of
             common
             Salt
             ,
             and
             four
             of
             Potters
             earth
             ,
             or
             Bricks
             powdered
             ,
             the
             whole
             having
             been
             moistned
             with
             a
             sufficient
             quantity
             of
             Urine
             :
             this
             Composition
             is
             called
             
               Royal
               Cement
            
             .
          
           
             Circulation
             is
             a
             motion
             given
             to
             liquors
             contained
             in
             a
             double
             vessel
             ,
             excited
             by
             fire
             ,
             and
             causing
             the
             vapours
             to
             ascend
             and
             descend
             to
             and
             fro
             .
             This
             operation
             tends
             either
             to
             subtilize
             the
             liquors
             ,
             or
             to
             open
             some
             hard
             body
             that
             is
             mixed
             with
             them
             .
          
           
           
             Coagulate
             ,
             is
             to
             give
             a
             consistence
             to
             liquids
             ,
             by
             evaporating
             some
             part
             of
             them
             over
             the
             fire
             ,
             or
             else
             by
             mixing
             liquors
             together
             that
             are
             of
             a
             different
             nature
             .
          
           
             Cohobate
             signifies
             to
             repeat
             the
             Distillation
             of
             the
             same
             liquor
             ,
             having
             poured
             it
             again
             upon
             the
             matter
             that
             remains
             in
             the
             Vessel
             .
             This
             Operation
             is
             used
             to
             open
             Bodies
             ,
             or
             to
             Volatilize
             the
             Spirits
             .
          
           
             Congele
             ,
             is
             to
             let
             some
             matter
             that
             is
             melted
             fix
             ,
             or
             grow
             into
             a
             consistence
             ,
             as
             when
             we
             let
             a
             metal
             cool
             ,
             after
             it
             has
             been
             melted
             in
             a
             Crucible
             ;
             or
             else
             it
             is
             when
             wax
             ,
             fat
             ,
             butter
             ,
             or
             the
             like
             ,
             are
             taken
             from
             the
             fire
             and
             set
             to
             cool
             .
          
           
             Detonation
             is
             a
             noise
             that
             is
             made
             when
             the
             Volatile
             parts
             of
             any
             mixture
             do
             rush
             forth
             with
             impetuosity
             ;
             it
             is
             also
             called
             Fulmination
             .
          
           
             Digestion
             is
             ,
             when
             some
             body
             is
             put
             to
             steep
             or
             infuse
             in
             a
             convenient
             menstruum
             ,
             over
             a
             very
             gentle
             heat
             .
          
           
             Dissolve
             ,
             is
             to
             turn
             some
             hard
             matter
             out
             of
             a
             hard
             into
             a
             liquid
             form
             ,
             by
             means
             of
             a
             certain
             liquor
             .
          
           
             To
             Distil
             
               per
               ascensum
            
             ,
             is
             ,
             when
             fire
             is
             put
             under
             the
             Vessel
             that
             contains
             the
             matter
             which
             is
             to
             be
             heated
             .
          
           
             To
             Distil
             
               per
               descensum
            
             ,
             is
             ,
             when
             fire
             is
             placed
             over
             the
             matter
             that
             is
             to
             be
             heated
             ;
             for
             then
             the
             moist
             parts
             being
             rarified
             ,
             and
             the
             vapour
             which
             rises
             from
             them
             not
             being
             able
             to
             arise
             away
             upwards
             as
             it
             would
             do
             if
             not
             hindred
             ,
             it
             precipitates
             and
             distils
             at
             the
             bottom
             of
             the
             vessel
             .
          
           
             Edulcorate
             ,
             is
             to
             sweeten
             some
             matter
             ,
             that
             is
             impregnated
             with
             Salts
             ,
             by
             means
             of
             common
             water
             .
          
           
           
             Extract
             ,
             is
             to
             separate
             the
             purer
             part
             from
             the
             grosser
             .
          
           
             Fermentation
             is
             an
             ebullition
             raised
             by
             the
             Spirits
             that
             endeavour
             to
             get
             out
             of
             a
             Body
             ;
             for
             meeting
             with
             gross
             earthy
             parts
             that
             oppose
             their
             passage
             ,
             they
             swell
             and
             rarifie
             the
             liquour
             until
             they
             find
             their
             way
             out
             ;
             Now
             in
             this
             separation
             of
             parts
             ,
             the
             Spirits
             do
             divide
             ,
             subtilize
             and
             separate
             the
             principles
             so
             ,
             as
             to
             make
             the
             matter
             be
             of
             another
             nature
             than
             it
             was
             before
             .
          
           
             Filtrate
             is
             to
             purifie
             a
             Liquor
             by
             passing
             it
             through
             a
             Coffin
             of
             brown
             paper
             .
          
           
             Fumigate
             is
             to
             make
             one
             Body
             receive
             the
             Fume
             of
             another
             .
          
           
             Granulate
             is
             to
             pour
             a
             melted
             Metal
             drop
             by
             drop
             into
             cold
             water
             ,
             that
             it
             may
             congeal
             into
             grains
             .
          
           
             Levigate
             is
             to
             reduce
             a
             hard
             Body
             into
             an
             impalpable
             powder
             upon
             a
             marble
             .
          
           
             Mortifie
             is
             to
             change
             the
             outward
             form
             of
             a
             Mixt
             ,
             as
             is
             done
             in
             Mercury
             .
             Also
             Spirits
             are
             said
             to
             be
             Mortified
             ,
             when
             they
             are
             mixed
             with
             others
             that
             hinder
             or
             destroy
             their
             strength
             .
          
           
             Precipitate
             is
             to
             separate
             a
             matter
             that
             is
             dissolved
             ,
             so
             as
             to
             make
             it
             fall
             or
             settle
             at
             the
             bottom
             .
          
           
             Rectifie
             is
             to
             Distil
             Spirits
             ,
             for
             the
             separation
             of
             what
             Heterogeneous
             parts
             might
             have
             been
             drawn
             along
             with
             them
             .
          
           
             Reverberate
             is
             to
             cause
             the
             flame
             of
             the
             Wood
             or
             coals
             that
             's
             lighted
             in
             the
             Furnace
             ,
             to
             beat
             back
             upon
             the
             Vessel
             ,
             by
             means
             of
             a
             Dome
             placed
             over
             it
             .
          
           
           
             Revive
             is
             to
             restore
             a
             Mixt
             to
             its
             former
             condition
             that
             lies
             disguised
             by
             Salts
             or
             Sulphurs
             .
             Thus
             Cinnabar
             ,
             and
             the
             other
             preparations
             of
             Mercury
             are
             Revived
             into
             Quick-silver
             .
          
           
             Stratifie
             is
             to
             lay
             different
             matters
             bed
             upon
             bed
             .
             This
             operation
             is
             performed
             when
             we
             would
             Calcine
             a
             Mineral
             or
             Metal
             with
             a
             Salt
             ,
             or
             some
             other
             matter
             .
          
           
             Sublime
             is
             to
             raise
             by
             Fire
             any
             Volatile
             matter
             to
             the
             top
             of
             the
             Cucurbit
             ,
             or
             into
             its
             Head.
             
          
        
      
       
         
         
         
           THE
           FIRST
           PART
           .
           
             Of
             Minerals
          
           .
        
         
           WHatsoever
           is
           found
           Petrified
           in
           the
           Earth
           ,
           or
           upon
           the
           Earth
           is
           called
           Mineral
           .
        
         
           Petrification
           is
           made
           by
           a
           Coagulation
           of
           acid
           or
           
             salt
             waters
          
           ,
           that
           are
           found
           in
           the
           pores
           of
           the
           Earth
           .
        
         
           This
           Petrification
           differs
           according
           to
           the
           divers
           dispositions
           ,
           or
           different
           nature
           of
           the
           Earth
           ,
           and
           according
           to
           the
           time
           that
           Nature
           uses
           in
           its
           perfection
           .
        
         
           The
           growth
           of
           Minerals
           proceeds
           from
           an
           accumulation
           ,
           or
           from
           several
           veins
           of
           congeled
           Waters
           ,
           that
           do
           as
           it
           were
           glue
           together
           ,
           and
           these
           veins
           are
           the
           cause
           that
           all
           the
           adjacent
           parts
           have
           their
           Sinus
           ,
           and
           meetings
           a
           travers
           one
           another
           ,
           and
           not
           running
           directly
           downwards
           .
        
         
           These
           Sinus
           ,
           like
           so
           many
           joints
           ,
           are
           of
           great
           help
           to
           Labourers
           to
           cut
           in
           the
           Quarries
           ;
           for
           by
           those
           cavities
           the
           stones
           are
           in
           great
           measure
           separated
           before
           hand
           ,
           whereas
           't
           would
           be
           extream
           hard
           working
           them
           out
           ,
           if
           nature
           had
           not
           so
           concurred
           .
        
         
           The
           growth
           of
           Minerals
           is
           very
           different
           from
           that
           of
           Vegetables
           ,
           and
           Animals
           ;
           for
           whereas
           the
           
           former
           does
           happen
           through
           an
           agglutination
           of
           congeled
           waters
           ,
           as
           I
           have
           said
           ;
           the
           latter
           is
           performed
           by
           means
           of
           juices
           that
           insinuate
           and
           spread
           in
           the
           vessels
           and
           fibres
           ,
           that
           Animals
           and
           Plants
           do
           consist
           of
           .
        
         
           Metals
           do
           differ
           from
           other
           Minerals
           in
           being
           malleable
           ,
           which
           the
           others
           are
           not
           .
        
         
           They
           are
           counted
           seven
           ,
           
             Gold
             ,
             Silver
             ,
             Iron
             ,
             Tinn
             ,
             Copper
             ,
             Lead
             ,
          
           and
           Quicksilver
           ,
           this
           last
           is
           not
           malleable
           of
           it self
           ,
           but
           is
           so
           mingled
           with
           the
           others
           ;
           and
           because
           this
           is
           thought
           to
           be
           the
           Seed
           of
           Metals
           ,
           it
           is
           numbred
           with
           the
           rest
           .
        
         
           Astrologers
           have
           conceited
           that
           there
           was
           so
           great
           an
           affinity
           and
           correspondence
           between
           the
           Seven
           Metals
           before
           named
           ,
           and
           the
           seven
           Planets
           ,
           that
           nothing
           hapned
           to
           the
           one
           ,
           but
           the
           others
           shared
           in
           it
           ;
           they
           made
           this
           correspondence
           to
           happen
           through
           an
           infinite
           number
           of
           little
           bodies
           that
           pass
           to
           and
           from
           each
           of
           them
           ;
           and
           they
           suppose
           these
           corpuscles
           to
           be
           so
           figured
           that
           they
           can
           easily
           pass
           through
           the
           pores
           of
           the
           Planet
           and
           Metal
           they
           represent
           ,
           but
           cannot
           enter
           into
           other
           bodies
           because
           their
           pores
           are
           not
           figured
           properly
           to
           receive
           them
           ;
           or
           else
           if
           they
           do
           chance
           to
           get
           admittance
           into
           other
           bodies
           ,
           they
           can't
           fix
           and
           stay
           there
           to
           contribute
           any
           nourishment
           ;
           for
           they
           do
           imagine
           that
           the
           Metal
           is
           nourished
           and
           perfected
           by
           the
           Influence
           that
           comes
           from
           its
           Planet
           ,
           and
           so
           the
           Planet
           again
           the
           same
           from
           the
           Metal
           .
        
         
           For
           these
           reasons
           they
           have
           given
           these
           seven
           Metals
           the
           name
           of
           the
           seven
           Planets
           ,
           each
           accordingly
           as
           they
           are
           governed
           :
           and
           so
           have
           called
           Gold
           the
           
             Sun
             ,
             Silver
          
           the
           
             Moon
             ,
             Iron
             Mars
             ,
             Quicksilver
             
             Mercury
             ,
             Tinn
             Jupiter
             ,
             Copper
             Venus
             ,
          
           and
           
             Lead
             Saturn
          
           .
        
         
           They
           have
           likewise
           fancied
           that
           each
           of
           these
           Planets
           has
           his
           day
           apart
           to
           distribute
           liberally
           his
           Influence
           on
           our
           Hemisphere
           ;
           and
           so
           they
           tell
           us
           that
           if
           we
           work
           upon
           Silver
           on
           
             Munday
             ,
             Iron
          
           on
           Tuesday
           ,
           and
           so
           of
           the
           rest
           ,
           we
           shall
           attain
           our
           end
           much
           better
           than
           on
           other
           days
           .
        
         
           Again
           they
           have
           taught
           us
           that
           the
           seven
           Planets
           do
           every
           one
           govern
           some
           particular
           principal
           part
           of
           our
           bodies
           ;
           and
           because
           the
           Metals
           do
           represent
           the
           Planets
           ,
           they
           must
           needs
           be
           mighty
           specifick
           in
           curing
           the
           distempers
           of
           those
           parts
           ,
           and
           keeping
           them
           in
           good
           plight
           .
           Thus
           they
           have
           assigned
           the
           Heart
           to
           Gold
           ,
           the
           Head
           to
           Silver
           ,
           the
           Liver
           to
           Iron
           ,
           the
           Lungs
           to
           Tinn
           ,
           the
           Reins
           to
           Copper
           ,
           and
           the
           Spleen
           to
           Lead
           .
        
         
           Thus
           you
           see
           in
           short
           what
           some
           of
           the
           most
           
             sober
             Astrologers
          
           do
           fancy
           concerning
           Metals
           ,
           and
           they
           draw
           consequences
           from
           hence
           ,
           which
           't
           would
           be
           too
           long
           here
           to
           relate
           .
           I
           have
           told
           you
           what
           the
           soberest
           among
           them
           say
           ;
           for
           nothing
           can
           be
           so
           absurd
           as
           what
           some
           of
           them
           would
           have
           us
           believe
           .
        
         
           'T
           is
           no
           hard
           matter
           to
           disprove
           these
           conceits
           ,
           and
           shew
           how
           groundless
           they
           are
           ;
           for
           no
           body
           ever
           yet
           got
           near
           enough
           to
           the
           Planets
           ,
           to
           satisfie
           himself
           whether
           they
           are
           really
           of
           the
           same
           nature
           with
           Metals
           ,
           or
           whither
           any
           Effluviums
           of
           bodies
           do
           fall
           from
           them
           to
           us
           .
        
         
           Nevertheless
           if
           we
           could
           be
           satisfied
           that
           Experience
           did
           confirm
           what
           these
           persons
           have
           offered
           to
           maintain
           ,
           we
           might
           then
           have
           some
           reason
           to
           think
           there
           were
           some
           likelihood
           in
           their
           
           doctrine
           ,
           although
           their
           principles
           were
           found
           to
           be
           altogether
           false
           ;
           but
           in
           truth
           there
           's
           nothing
           to
           confirm
           their
           Opinion
           ,
           and
           we
           find
           it
           every
           day
           plain
           enough
           ,
           that
           the
           Faculties
           and
           Virtues
           are
           utterly
           false
           ,
           which
           they
           do
           attribute
           to
           the
           Planets
           and
           Metals
           ;
           the
           Metals
           indeed
           are
           of
           good
           use
           in
           Physick
           ,
           and
           excellent
           Remedies
           may
           be
           drawn
           from
           them
           ;
           but
           their
           effects
           may
           better
           be
           explicated
           by
           Causes
           nearer
           at
           hand
           than
           the
           Stars
           .
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             I.
             
               Of
               Gold.
            
             
          
           
             GOLD
             is
             most
             esteemed
             among
             the
             seven
             Metals
             ,
             because
             it
             is
             more
             perfect
             ,
             more
             weighty
             ,
             and
             is
             thought
             to
             receive
             the
             influence
             of
             the
             most
             glorious
             body
             among
             the
             Stars
             ,
             which
             is
             the
             Sun.
             It
             is
             also
             called
             the
             King
             of
             Metals
             ,
             for
             the
             same
             reason
             ;
             it
             is
             a
             matter
             the
             most
             compact
             of
             any
             ,
             malleable
             ,
             unequal
             in
             its
             parts
             ;
             insomuch
             that
             Pores
             of
             different
             figures
             are
             observed
             in
             it
             ,
             when
             it
             is
             viewed
             with
             a
             good
             Microscope
             .
          
           
             Gold
             is
             found
             in
             Mines
             in
             several
             places
             ,
             both
             in
             Europe
             ,
             and
             other
             parts
             of
             the
             world
             ;
             it
             is
             usually
             attended
             with
             Water
             and
             very
             hard
             stones
             ,
             such
             as
             are
             extream
             hard
             to
             dig
             ;
             there
             are
             likewise
             
             with
             several
             stones
             that
             contain
             particles
             of
             Gold
             ,
             such
             as
             are
             called
             
               Golden
               Marcassites
            
             ,
             the
             
               Lapis
               Lazuli
            
             ,
             and
             
               Lapis
               Armenus
            
             .
          
           
             Gold
             will
             spread
             under
             the
             hammer
             more
             than
             any
             other
             Metall
             ;
             it
             is
             beaten
             into
             leaves
             exceeding
             fine
             ,
             for
             the
             use
             of
             Gilders
             ,
             and
             to
             be
             used
             occasionally
             in
             Physick
             ;
             they
             will
             easily
             mix
             in
             compositions
             ,
             and
             with
             powders
             .
          
           
             Covetousness
             that
             has
             always
             prevailed
             on
             the
             minds
             of
             mankind
             has
             not
             left
             the
             Chymists
             without
             continual
             hopes
             of
             making
             Gold
             by
             their
             Art
             ,
             they
             have
             conceited
             that
             the
             production
             of
             Gold
             was
             the
             End
             that
             Nature
             always
             aims
             at
             in
             all
             her
             Mines
             ,
             and
             that
             she
             's
             hindred
             in
             her
             design
             ,
             as
             oft
             as
             she
             produces
             other
             Metals
             which
             are
             called
             Imperfect
             .
          
           
             And
             upon
             this
             fancy
             they
             have
             spared
             no
             time
             ,
             nor
             pains
             ,
             nor
             cost
             ,
             in
             exalting
             and
             perfecting
             these
             other
             Metals
             ,
             and
             turning
             them
             into
             Gold
             ;
             this
             is
             that
             which
             they
             call
             the
             
               Grand
               Operation
            
             of
             all
             ,
             or
             the
             search
             after
             the
             
               Philosophers
               stone
            
             .
          
           
             Some
             of
             them
             to
             compass
             their
             end
             do
             make
             a
             mixture
             of
             these
             metals
             with
             such
             other
             matters
             as
             serve
             to
             purifie
             them
             from
             their
             grosser
             parts
             ,
             and
             work
             their
             Preparations
             with
             great
             fires
             ,
             others
             do
             put
             them
             a
             Digesting
             in
             Spirituous
             liquors
             ,
             in
             imitation
             of
             Nature
             that
             always
             uses
             a
             gentle
             Heat
             in
             her
             Operations
             ,
             and
             so
             do
             reduce
             them
             into
             a
             state
             of
             Corruption
             ,
             to
             draw
             thereby
             their
             Mercury
             ,
             which
             they
             think
             to
             have
             the
             aptest
             disposition
             to
             make
             Gold.
             Others
             again
             do
             search
             after
             the
             seed
             of
             Gold
             ,
             in
             Gold
             it self
             ,
             and
             these
             make
             no
             doubt
             to
             find
             it
             there
             ,
             as
             the
             seed
             of
             a
             Vegetable
             is
             more
             likely
             to
             be
             found
             in
             the
             Vegetable
             it self
             
             than
             otherwhere
             ;
             in
             order
             to
             this
             they
             open
             the
             body
             of
             Gold
             by
             proper
             Dissolvents
             ,
             then
             set
             it
             a
             digesting
             either
             by
             a
             Lamp-fire
             ,
             or
             the
             heat
             of
             the
             Sun
             ,
             or
             that
             of
             Dung
             ,
             or
             some
             other
             degree
             of
             Fire
             ,
             to
             be
             kept
             all
             along
             at
             an
             equal
             height
             ,
             and
             such
             as
             is
             nearest
             to
             a
             Natural
             heat
             ,
             and
             this
             to
             draw
             out
             the
             Mercury
             of
             Gold
             ;
             for
             they
             are
             perswaded
             that
             if
             they
             could
             once
             obtain
             this
             same
             Mercury
             ,
             sowing
             it
             in
             the
             Earth
             ,
             it
             would
             bring
             forth
             Gold
             ,
             as
             certainly
             as
             a
             seed
             does
             a
             Plant.
             
          
           
             Another
             sort
             of
             these
             men
             do
             take
             wonderful
             pains
             to
             find
             out
             the
             seed
             of
             Gold
             in
             Minerals
             ,
             as
             in
             Antimony
             for
             example
             ,
             thinking
             there
             's
             a
             sulphur
             and
             Mercury
             in
             it
             as
             like
             to
             those
             in
             Gold
             as
             can
             be
             .
             Others
             hope
             to
             find
             it
             out
             in
             Vegetables
             ,
             and
             things
             that
             come
             from
             them
             ,
             as
             in
             
               Honey
               ,
               Manna
               ,
               Sugar
               ,
               Wine
               ,
               Rosa
               solis
               ,
               Rosemary
               ,
               Spleenwort
               .
            
             And
             others
             pursue
             after
             it
             in
             Animals
             ,
             and
             in
             their
             Gums
             ,
             Bloud
             ,
             Urin.
             But
             the
             most
             Curious
             and
             delicate
             of
             all
             ,
             who
             think
             all
             the
             rest
             but
             Fools
             in
             comparison
             with
             them
             ,
             do
             hunt
             after
             the
             seed
             of
             Gold
             in
             the
             Sun
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             Dew
             ;
             for
             the
             wisdom
             of
             Astrologers
             has
             found
             out
             that
             the
             Sun
             is
             a
             Body
             all
             of
             Gold
             melted
             in
             the
             Center
             of
             the
             World
             ,
             and
             Coppel'd
             by
             the
             fire
             of
             the
             stars
             that
             environ
             it
             about
             ;
             nay
             they
             dare
             affirm
             that
             this
             same
             Gold
             when
             it
             was
             a
             purifying
             did
             sparkle
             as
             Gold
             does
             in
             the
             Coppel
             .
          
           
             I
             should
             never
             make
             an
             end
             of
             this
             subject
             ,
             if
             I
             should
             speak
             of
             the
             labours
             ,
             and
             pains
             ,
             watchings
             ,
             vexations
             and
             frettings
             ,
             and
             especially
             the
             cost
             these
             unfortunate
             men
             do
             plunge
             themselves
             into
             ,
             in
             following
             their
             several
             fancies
             ;
             they
             are
             so
             
             extremely
             prepossessed
             with
             the
             conceit
             of
             becoming
             Rich
             all
             of
             a
             sudden
             ,
             that
             they
             are
             altogether
             uncapable
             of
             any
             sober
             admonition
             ,
             and
             they
             shut
             their
             ears
             to
             any
             thing
             that
             can
             be
             said
             to
             disabuse
             them
             ;
             so
             that
             all
             other
             Philosophers
             ,
             that
             are
             not
             besotted
             with
             their
             fantastical
             opinions
             ,
             are
             by
             them
             thought
             and
             called
             Prophane
             ,
             reserving
             to
             themselves
             the
             name
             of
             the
             only
             
               True
               Philosophers
            
             ,
             or
             
               Philosophers
               paramount
            
             .
          
           
             But
             the
             saddest
             consideration
             of
             all
             is
             ,
             to
             see
             a
             great
             many
             of
             them
             ,
             who
             have
             spent
             all
             the
             flower
             of
             their
             years
             ,
             in
             this
             desperate
             concern
             ,
             in
             which
             nevertheless
             they
             pertinaciously
             run
             on
             ,
             and
             consume
             all
             they
             have
             ,
             at
             last
             instead
             of
             recompence
             for
             their
             miserable
             fatigues
             ,
             reduced
             to
             the
             lowest
             degree
             of
             poverty
             .
             Penotus
             will
             serve
             us
             for
             an
             instance
             of
             this
             nature
             ,
             among
             thousands
             of
             others
             ,
             he
             died
             a
             hundred
             years
             old
             wanting
             but
             two
             ,
             in
             the
             Hospital
             of
             Yverdon
             in
             Switzerland
             ,
             and
             he
             used
             to
             say
             before
             he
             died
             ,
             having
             spent
             his
             whole
             life
             in
             vainly
             searching
             after
             the
             
               Philosophers
               stone
               ,
               that
               if
               he
               had
               a
               mortal
               Enemy
               he
               did
               not
               dare
               to
               encounter
               openly
               ,
               he
               would
               advise
               him
               above
               all
               things
               to
               give
               up
               himself
               to
               the
            
             Study
             and
             Practice
             of
             Alchymy
             .
          
           
             This
             man
             did
             indeed
             at
             last
             perceive
             his
             error
             and
             folly
             ,
             and
             did
             acknowledge
             that
             he
             had
             spent
             his
             time
             most
             unfortunately
             and
             idly
             ;
             but
             there
             are
             few
             men
             who
             prove
             so
             ingenuous
             as
             to
             do
             so
             ;
             for
             they
             think
             that
             their
             honour
             is
             concerned
             in
             maintaining
             whatever
             error
             they
             have
             once
             openly
             defended
             ,
             and
             they
             are
             quite
             ashamed
             to
             have
             it
             believed
             ,
             that
             they
             had
             laboured
             in
             vain
             ,
             so
             long
             ,
             and
             spent
             their
             substance
             in
             an
             enterprize
             
             that
             had
             not
             good
             probability
             of
             success
             .
          
           
             Many
             of
             them
             to
             avoid
             such
             reproaches
             ,
             and
             to
             make
             the
             world
             believe
             that
             they
             have
             found
             out
             some
             realities
             ,
             and
             especially
             to
             engage
             some
             particular
             person
             ,
             they
             have
             designs
             upon
             ,
             to
             joyn
             with
             them
             in
             the
             pursuit
             of
             their
             projects
             ,
             have
             contrived
             a
             great
             many
             cheating
             Legerdemain
             tricks
             ,
             some
             with
             the
             pretended
             Powder
             of
             Projection
             ,
             others
             with
             their
             
               Aurum
               Potabile
            
             ,
             some
             by
             fixing
             Mercury
             with
             Copper
             ,
             or
             Verdegreese
             ,
             lastly
             others
             with
             Cinnaber
             ,
             which
             they
             turn
             into
             Silver
             .
          
           
             They
             say
             for
             themselves
             that
             their
             Powder
             of
             Projection
             is
             the
             Seed
             of
             Gold
             it self
             ,
             which
             seed
             has
             the
             faculty
             of
             multiplying
             or
             encreasing
             the
             Gold
             ,
             when
             some
             small
             quantity
             of
             it
             is
             used
             .
             And
             to
             give
             a
             proof
             of
             their
             skill
             ,
             they
             put
             some
             
               melted
               Gold
            
             over
             the
             fire
             ,
             then
             they
             cast
             a
             little
             of
             their
             powder
             into
             it
             ,
             they
             stir
             about
             the
             matter
             with
             a
             rod
             of
             iron
             ,
             or
             some
             other
             metal
             ,
             then
             they
             cast
             their
             Gold
             into
             an
             
               iron
               mold
            
             ,
             and
             it
             proves
             to
             have
             received
             a
             considerable
             augmentation
             .
             At
             first
             this
             Experiment
             surprizes
             strangely
             the
             spectators
             ,
             and
             they
             are
             ready
             to
             cry
             out
             ,
             a
             Miracle
             ,
             a
             Miracle
             .
             Then
             some
             are
             greedy
             to
             buy
             this
             Powder
             of
             Projection
             ,
             but
             the
             Artist
             will
             not
             part
             with
             it
             ,
             unless
             he
             is
             paid
             dearly
             for
             it
             .
             The
             purchaser
             thinks
             he
             has
             now
             got
             the
             Bird
             sure
             in
             the
             nest
             ,
             he
             runs
             in
             haste
             home
             to
             make
             multiplication
             of
             his
             Gold
             ,
             he
             melts
             it
             ,
             flings
             in
             the
             powder
             ,
             stirs
             the
             matter
             about
             ,
             lastly
             ,
             he
             observes
             the
             same
             circumstances
             he
             had
             seen
             observed
             before
             ,
             but
             at
             last
             finds
             that
             his
             Gold
             has
             made
             no
             increase
             
             of
             its
             weight
             .
             Then
             he
             thinks
             he
             failed
             in
             some
             thing
             that
             was
             to
             have
             been
             done
             ,
             and
             so
             begins
             the
             Operation
             again
             ,
             once
             ,
             or
             twice
             ,
             but
             all
             in
             vain
             ,
             he
             poor
             man
             can
             make
             no
             Augmentation
             ,
             and
             finds
             too
             late
             that
             he
             has
             been
             wretchedly
             imposed
             upon
             .
             Now
             the
             mystery
             of
             this
             egregious
             knavery
             was
             thus
             :
          
           
             He
             that
             stirs
             the
             matter
             ,
             is
             privately
             provided
             with
             several
             small
             pieces
             of
             Gold
             ,
             to
             convey
             dextrously
             into
             the
             Crucible
             ,
             or
             Coppel
             ,
             at
             different
             times
             ,
             so
             cunningly
             that
             none
             of
             the
             Assistants
             does
             at
             all
             perceive
             it
             ;
             but
             when
             he
             finds
             that
             he
             is
             too
             narrowly
             observed
             ,
             and
             foresees
             that
             it
             will
             be
             too
             hard
             for
             him
             to
             slip
             in
             any
             more
             Gold
             to
             that
             which
             is
             melted
             ,
             without
             being
             discovered
             ,
             he
             then
             takes
             a
             rod
             of
             iron
             or
             copper
             ,
             in
             the
             end
             of
             which
             he
             has
             inlaid
             Gold
             so
             as
             it
             may
             not
             be
             discovered
             ,
             and
             then
             stirs
             about
             the
             
               melted
               Gold
            
             with
             this
             artificial
             rod.
             The
             copper
             or
             iron
             melts
             ,
             and
             with
             it
             the
             other
             Gold
             mixes
             with
             the
             rest
             ,
             and
             so
             makes
             an
             Augmentation
             .
             Now
             if
             any
             body
             demands
             what
             is
             become
             of
             the
             end
             of
             the
             rod
             ,
             he
             answers
             as
             plainly
             enough
             appears
             ,
             that
             it
             is
             separated
             into
             dross
             ,
             for
             copper
             cannot
             mix
             with
             the
             body
             of
             Gold.
             And
             if
             we
             should
             examine
             further
             into
             the
             Powder
             of
             Projection
             ,
             we
             should
             find
             that
             it
             is
             only
             Quick-silver
             in
             Powder
             ,
             or
             some
             such
             matter
             ,
             that
             consumes
             away
             by
             the
             heat
             of
             the
             fire
             ,
             or
             else
             turns
             into
             dross
             .
          
           
             Their
             
               Aurum
               Potabile
            
             which
             they
             crack
             with
             so
             loud
             ,
             and
             which
             they
             sell
             at
             so
             dear
             a
             price
             ,
             is
             commonly
             nothing
             else
             but
             a
             tincture
             of
             some
             Vegetable
             or
             Mineral
             ,
             whose
             colour
             comes
             near
             to
             that
             of
             Gold
             ,
             and
             because
             this
             Tincture
             is
             prepared
             
             with
             some
             spirituous
             Menstruum
             ,
             it
             sometimes
             causes
             a
             
               breathing
               sweat
            
             .
             Now
             this
             diaphoretick
             effect
             they
             never
             fail
             to
             attribute
             unto
             Gold
             ,
             which
             yet
             generally
             is
             no
             occasion
             of
             it
             .
             This
             same
             cheat
             of
             theirs
             is
             none
             of
             the
             least
             that
             they
             use
             to
             get
             by
             ,
             for
             in
             point
             of
             Medicins
             ,
             abundance
             of
             people
             prove
             extreme
             credulous
             ,
             and
             especially
             when
             an
             
               Vniversal
               medicine
            
             is
             talk'd
             of
             ,
             such
             as
             they
             pretend
             their
             
               Aurum
               Potabile
            
             to
             be
             .
             Now
             I
             shall
             shew
             in
             the
             sequel
             ,
             that
             the
             business
             of
             
               Aurum
               Potabile
            
             is
             in
             reality
             a
             mere
             Chimaera
             .
          
           
             They
             prepare
             their
             Mercury
             by
             fixing
             its
             body
             with
             Verdegreese
             ,
             and
             thus
             they
             prepare
             a
             matter
             that
             comes
             very
             near
             to
             the
             colour
             of
             Gold
             ;
             for
             the
             Verdegreese
             ,
             which
             is
             a
             kind
             of
             Copper
             does
             give
             the
             Mercury
             a
             yellow
             colour
             ,
             and
             for
             fear
             it
             should
             not
             be
             coloured
             high
             enough
             to
             their
             purpose
             ,
             they
             colour
             it
             with
             Turmerick
             ,
             or
             some
             such
             thing
             of
             the
             like
             quality
             :
             and
             now
             they
             will
             needs
             perswade
             the
             world
             that
             they
             have
             performed
             the
             feat
             ,
             even
             of
             
               making
               Gold
            
             ;
             but
             if
             a
             man
             will
             never
             so
             little
             examine
             this
             pretended
             Gold
             by
             the
             Coppel
             ,
             the
             whole
             flies
             away
             in
             fumes
             ,
             as
             quicksilver
             does
             commonly
             use
             to
             do
             .
             Now
             if
             after
             such
             trial
             a
             man
             tells
             them
             ,
             that
             their
             Gold
             is
             all
             gone
             into
             the
             air
             ,
             they
             answer
             for
             themselves
             ,
             that
             indeed
             this
             Gold
             had
             not
             received
             its
             last
             Fixation
             ,
             but
             that
             the
             main
             business
             of
             it
             being
             thus
             atchieved
             ,
             they
             make
             no
             doubt
             by
             working
             a
             little
             longer
             upon
             it
             they
             shall
             soon
             find
             out
             the
             way
             of
             fixing
             it
             wholly
             ,
             and
             bringing
             it
             to
             its
             last
             perfection
             .
          
           
             But
             again
             ,
             if
             they
             could
             fix
             their
             matter
             so
             as
             to
             make
             it
             resist
             and
             undergo
             the
             Coppel
             (
             which
             is
             a
             thing
             in
             a
             manner
             impossible
             )
             still
             they
             would
             
             not
             be
             able
             to
             maintain
             their
             Assertion
             that
             they
             had
             
               made
               Gold
            
             ;
             for
             there
             are
             several
             other
             trials
             that
             their
             matter
             must
             be
             able
             to
             pass
             ,
             such
             as
             the
             dissolution
             by
             
               Aqua
               Regalis
            
             ,
             the
             Depart
             ,
             the
             being
             malleable
             ,
             the
             weight
             of
             its
             substance
             ,
             without
             all
             which
             qualifications
             it
             can
             never
             be
             properly
             called
             Gold.
             
          
           
             Moreover
             they
             have
             a
             way
             of
             turning
             Cinnaber
             into
             Silver
             ,
             and
             this
             contrivance
             is
             full
             of
             curiosity
             .
             And
             thus
             they
             use
             to
             do
             it
             :
          
           
             They
             stratifie
             Cinnaber
             grosly
             bruised
             in
             a
             Crucible
             ,
             with
             Silver
             in
             grains
             :
             they
             set
             the
             Crucible
             in
             a
             great
             fire
             ,
             and
             after
             some
             time
             for
             its
             Calcination
             they
             take
             it
             off
             ,
             and
             pour
             the
             matter
             into
             a
             bason
             ,
             and
             then
             they
             shew
             the
             Cinnaber
             ,
             pretending
             it
             to
             be
             turn'd
             into
             
               true
               Silver
            
             ,
             although
             the
             forefaid
             grains
             do
             remain
             in
             the
             form
             they
             had
             before
             .
             Hence
             they
             conclude
             the
             possibility
             of
             Transmutation
             of
             metals
             ,
             because
             the
             Mercury
             of
             the
             Cinnaber
             is
             turned
             into
             Silver
             ,
             whereas
             the
             Silver
             did
             remain
             as
             it
             was
             before
             .
          
           
             This
             Experiment
             amazes
             people
             much
             ,
             and
             it
             is
             hard
             to
             see
             those
             same
             pieces
             of
             Cinnaber
             ,
             which
             were
             put
             into
             the
             Crucible
             before
             them
             ,
             chang'd
             from
             Mercury
             into
             
               pure
               silver
            
             ,
             without
             inclining
             to
             believe
             an
             Augmentation
             of
             this
             last
             metal
             ;
             nay
             ,
             many
             conclude
             that
             there
             remains
             no
             longer
             doubt
             of
             it
             .
             And
             men
             continue
             possest
             with
             this
             error
             ,
             until
             some
             body
             has
             the
             curiosity
             of
             examining
             the
             
               granulated
               silver
            
             ,
             and
             then
             the
             abuse
             begins
             to
             be
             discovered
             ,
             for
             it
             is
             found
             to
             be
             exceeding
             light
             ,
             and
             if
             it
             be
             prest
             between
             the
             hands
             ,
             it
             crushes
             in
             pieces
             as
             easily
             as
             membranes
             .
             The
             Augmentation
             comes
             to
             be
             no
             longer
             believ'd
             ,
             
             when
             the
             
               grained
               pellicles
            
             are
             weighed
             with
             the
             pieces
             of
             Cinnaber
             ,
             for
             the
             whole
             weighs
             no
             more
             than
             the
             silver
             in
             grain
             did
             before
             it
             was
             put
             into
             the
             Crucible
             .
             Lastly
             ,
             it
             must
             of
             necessity
             happen
             (
             which
             appears
             very
             strange
             )
             that
             the
             Mercury
             does
             first
             Amalgamate
             with
             the
             silver
             ,
             that
             it
             conveighs
             this
             silver
             into
             the
             pieces
             of
             Cinnaber
             ,
             and
             then
             being
             evaporated
             over
             the
             fire
             ,
             it
             leaves
             the
             silver
             all
             alone
             .
          
           
             I
             could
             here
             relate
             divers
             other
             subtle
             inventions
             of
             Alchymists
             ,
             by
             which
             they
             too
             often
             impose
             on
             such
             as
             have
             plenty
             of
             mony
             ,
             to
             make
             them
             become
             fellow-partners
             with
             them
             in
             their
             Operations
             ;
             but
             I
             should
             prove
             too
             tedious
             on
             this
             subject
             ,
             I
             have
             only
             toucht
             upon
             them
             by
             the
             by
             ,
             in
             order
             to
             disabuse
             such
             men
             as
             are
             prepossest
             with
             an
             opinion
             of
             the
             Transmutation
             of
             metals
             .
          
           
             Although
             I
             cannot
             absolutely
             deny
             ,
             but
             that
             some
             certain
             Artist
             ,
             by
             a
             particular
             method
             ,
             might
             have
             got
             the
             way
             of
             making
             Gold
             heretofore
             ,
             nor
             that
             some
             body
             may
             be
             as
             lucky
             in
             time
             to
             come
             ;
             yet
             there
             is
             more
             appearance
             of
             Impossibility
             than
             possibility
             in
             the
             case
             ,
             because
             of
             the
             small
             knowledge
             that
             any
             of
             us
             have
             of
             the
             
               Natural
               Composition
            
             of
             this
             mixt
             ;
             for
             seeing
             that
             Gold
             as
             well
             as
             Silver
             is
             drawn
             from
             Mines
             environed
             with
             Waters
             ,
             it
             is
             very
             probable
             that
             these
             Waters
             do
             bring
             along
             with
             them
             some
             
               Saline
               Principles
            
             that
             congele
             and
             incorporate
             in
             Earths
             of
             a
             particular
             composition
             ,
             and
             whose
             Pores
             are
             disposed
             in
             such
             a
             manner
             as
             't
             is
             impossible
             for
             Art
             to
             imitate
             .
             Nevertheless
             in
             order
             to
             make
             Gold
             ,
             a
             perfect
             knowledge
             of
             the
             Salts
             that
             the
             Waters
             of
             the
             Mines
             do
             convey
             ,
             is
             very
             requisite
             as
             well
             as
             the
             
             disposition
             of
             the
             Matrixes
             or
             Earths
             in
             which
             they
             do
             congele
             .
             Wherefore
             a
             man
             must
             be
             soundly
             prejudiced
             ,
             before
             he
             can
             believe
             that
             by
             the
             help
             of
             
               artificial
               fires
            
             ,
             he
             can
             concoct
             metals
             so
             as
             to
             turn
             them
             into
             Gold.
             
          
           
             As
             for
             the
             Mercury
             which
             men
             pretend
             to
             draw
             out
             of
             Minerals
             and
             Metals
             ,
             and
             which
             they
             believe
             to
             be
             the
             
               seminal
               principle
            
             of
             Gold
             ,
             it
             is
             a
             thing
             meerly
             imaginary
             ;
             for
             first
             of
             all
             ,
             it
             is
             a
             great
             question
             and
             may
             be
             doubted
             ,
             whether
             there
             be
             any
             Mercury
             in
             those
             metallick
             matters
             wherein
             it
             is
             sought
             after
             ,
             but
             if
             we
             should
             suppose
             it
             in
             them
             ,
             what
             reason
             shall
             we
             have
             to
             make
             it
             be
             the
             seed
             of
             Gold
             ?
             we
             can
             no
             ways
             find
             that
             Mercury
             is
             able
             to
             produce
             Gold
             ,
             nay
             further
             ,
             as
             I
             said
             before
             ,
             the
             growth
             of
             metals
             and
             minerals
             is
             quite
             of
             another
             nature
             than
             that
             of
             Vegetables
             .
          
           
             Now
             say
             they
             ,
             the
             seed
             of
             Gold
             is
             communicated
             unto
             all
             bodies
             ,
             and
             that
             it
             does
             abound
             in
             the
             Universal
             Spirit
             .
             And
             because
             
               Manna
               ,
               Dew
               ,
               Hony
            
             ,
             are
             impregnated
             with
             this
             Spirit
             ,
             that
             Gold
             may
             by
             Art
             be
             drawn
             out
             of
             those
             substances
             .
          
           
             We
             grant
             unto
             them
             ,
             that
             the
             Universal
             Spirit
             does
             contain
             an
             Acid
             which
             serves
             towards
             the
             production
             of
             Gold
             ,
             because
             the
             
               acid
               waters
            
             or
             salts
             which
             do
             enter
             into
             the
             composition
             of
             this
             metal
             ,
             do
             proceed
             from
             the
             Universal
             Spirit
             ;
             but
             if
             you
             go
             to
             call
             this
             acid
             a
             seed
             ,
             it
             will
             prove
             to
             be
             the
             seed
             of
             all
             other
             mixt
             bodies
             as
             well
             as
             that
             of
             Gold
             ,
             and
             there
             's
             no
             more
             reason
             for
             thinking
             that
             the
             Universal
             Spirit
             does
             abound
             in
             the
             seed
             of
             Gold
             ,
             than
             in
             the
             seed
             of
             the
             grossest
             metal
             ,
             or
             the
             most
             unuseful
             plant
             ,
             or
             the
             most
             contemptible
             of
             animals
             ;
             so
             that
             we
             may
             conclude
             ,
             that
             to
             spend
             
             ones
             time
             in
             making
             of
             Gold
             ,
             seems
             properly
             to
             lose
             it
             by
             working
             in
             the
             dark
             ,
             and
             I
             find
             that
             Alchymy
             has
             been
             very
             well
             defined
             to
             be
             ,
             
               Ars
               fine
               arte
               ,
               cujus
               principium
               mentiri
               ,
               medium
               laborare
               ,
               &
               finis
               mendicare
               ,
            
             an
             Art
             without
             any
             Art
             ,
             whose
             beginning
             is
             Lying
             ,
             whose
             middle
             is
             nothing
             but
             Labour
             ,
             and
             whose
             end
             is
             Beggery
             .
          
           
             Gold
             is
             a
             good
             Remedy
             for
             those
             who
             have
             taken
             too
             much
             Mercury
             ;
             for
             these
             two
             Metals
             do
             easily
             unite
             together
             ,
             and
             by
             this
             union
             or
             Amalgamation
             the
             Mercury
             fixes
             ,
             and
             its
             motion
             is
             interrupted
             .
             This
             is
             plainly
             enough
             perceived
             in
             such
             as
             have
             received
             the
             Frictions
             with
             Mercury
             ;
             for
             if
             they
             do
             but
             hold
             a
             piece
             of
             Gold
             in
             their
             mouth
             a
             little
             ,
             it
             will
             grow
             white
             by
             the
             vapour
             of
             the
             Quicksilver
             .
          
           
             Gold
             taken
             inwardly
             is
             thought
             to
             be
             a
             most
             potent
             Cordial
             ,
             because
             Astrologers
             tell
             us
             it
             receives
             its
             Influence
             from
             the
             Sun
             ,
             which
             is
             as
             it
             were
             the
             Heart
             of
             the
             world
             ,
             and
             by
             the
             communication
             of
             those
             Influences
             to
             the
             heart
             ,
             it
             serves
             to
             fortifie
             and
             cleanse
             it
             from
             all
             impurities
             ;
             upon
             which
             ground
             a
             great
             many
             Operations
             have
             been
             invented
             in
             order
             to
             open
             this
             Metal
             ,
             and
             separate
             its
             Sulphur
             from
             its
             salt
             .
             Moreover
             this
             Operation
             by
             way
             of
             bravery
             is
             called
             
               Aurum
               Potabile
            
             ,
             because
             this
             salt
             or
             this
             Sulphur
             dissolving
             in
             a
             Liquor
             ,
             can
             be
             taken
             by
             way
             of
             Potion
             :
             And
             because
             this
             
               Aurum
               Potabile
            
             can
             be
             thought
             to
             be
             distributed
             into
             all
             parts
             of
             the
             body
             ,
             they
             fancy
             it
             can
             drive
             out
             every
             thing
             that
             interrupts
             the
             Functions
             of
             Nature
             ,
             that
             it
             can
             free
             him
             that
             takes
             it
             from
             all
             fear
             of
             any
             Diseases
             for
             a
             long
             time
             ,
             and
             can
             prolong
             life
             .
          
           
           
             But
             this
             Opinion
             is
             built
             upon
             a
             weak
             foundation
             ,
             and
             Experience
             does
             not
             confirm
             any
             of
             these
             glorious
             effects
             ;
             for
             what
             assurance
             can
             we
             have
             ,
             or
             what
             Evidence
             is
             there
             ,
             that
             the
             Sun
             is
             such
             a
             great
             friend
             of
             Gold
             ,
             or
             that
             it
             bestows
             more
             Influence
             on
             it
             ,
             than
             on
             other
             mixt
             bodies
             ;
             it
             is
             a
             thing
             that
             can
             never
             be
             prov'd
             ,
             and
             we
             fee
             that
             the
             Sun
             casts
             its
             light
             and
             heat
             in
             general
             upon
             all
             bodies
             ,
             without
             making
             any
             difference
             .
             Who
             can
             understand
             ,
             that
             the
             Pores
             of
             Gold
             are
             so
             disposed
             ,
             as
             to
             have
             a
             greater
             facility
             of
             retaining
             the
             
               Suns
               Influences
            
             ,
             than
             other
             metals
             or
             things
             ?
             This
             will
             be
             full
             as
             hard
             to
             prove
             as
             the
             other
             .
          
           
             But
             though
             we
             should
             grant
             Astrologers
             this
             supposition
             concerning
             the
             
               Suns
               Influence
            
             on
             Gold
             ,
             the
             consequence
             they
             draw
             from
             it
             ,
             that
             therefore
             it
             Fortifies
             the
             heart
             ,
             would
             be
             ne're
             a-whit
             the
             truer
             ;
             for
             all
             that
             we
             are
             able
             to
             apprehend
             in
             Gold
             is
             ,
             that
             it
             is
             a
             most
             compact
             and
             weighty
             body
             ,
             the
             union
             of
             whose
             Principles
             is
             extraordinary
             close
             ;
             which
             is
             proved
             from
             hence
             ,
             that
             no
             Art
             can
             instruct
             us
             to
             dissolve
             it
             Radically
             ,
             so
             as
             to
             separate
             its
             salt
             ,
             and
             its
             sulphur
             .
             This
             Gold
             being
             beaten
             into
             the
             thinnest
             Leaves
             that
             can
             be
             imagined
             ,
             and
             taken
             inwardly
             receives
             not
             the
             least
             change
             in
             our
             bodies
             ,
             and
             is
             voided
             the
             very
             same
             it
             was
             before
             ,
             excepting
             when
             Quicksilver
             has
             been
             taken
             beforehand
             ,
             for
             it
             unites
             with
             that
             ,
             as
             I
             have
             said
             .
          
           
             Wherefore
             we
             must
             conclude
             ,
             that
             if
             Gold
             has
             received
             more
             Influence
             from
             the
             Sun
             than
             other
             Metals
             ,
             yet
             it
             is
             never
             the
             fitter
             to
             dissolve
             in
             our
             Bodies
             ,
             nor
             to
             produce
             those
             rare
             effects
             that
             are
             talkt
             of
             .
          
           
           
             I
             know
             that
             stories
             are
             told
             to
             prove
             ,
             that
             Gold
             does
             communicate
             virtue
             to
             the
             bodies
             of
             those
             who
             have
             taken
             it
             ,
             and
             that
             it
             loses
             in
             the
             body
             some
             of
             its
             quantity
             ;
             and
             among
             other
             stories
             't
             is
             said
             ,
             that
             several
             persons
             ,
             who
             had
             fed
             upon
             Capons
             ,
             nourished
             with
             a
             Paste
             made
             of
             a
             mixture
             of
             Vipers
             flesh
             and
             Gold
             together
             ,
             have
             been
             cured
             that
             way
             of
             several
             Diseases
             ;
             but
             there
             's
             a
             great
             deal
             more
             reason
             to
             attribute
             this
             effect
             rather
             to
             the
             Vipers
             than
             Gold
             ;
             for
             we
             know
             by
             experience
             that
             Vipers
             taken
             inwardly
             without
             any
             thing
             else
             ,
             do
             use
             to
             produce
             divers
             sensible
             effects
             ,
             whereas
             we
             observe
             none
             at
             all
             in
             Gold
             ,
             when
             't
             is
             given
             alone
             .
          
           
             As
             for
             the
             diminution
             they
             imagine
             of
             Gold
             in
             bodies
             ,
             they
             prove
             it
             by
             their
             gathering
             together
             all
             the
             Excrements
             of
             those
             Capons
             ,
             and
             Calcining
             them
             ,
             for
             they
             could
             obtain
             again
             but
             the
             fourth
             part
             of
             the
             Gold
             that
             was
             used
             in
             the
             Paste
             the
             Capons
             had
             fed
             upon
             .
             But
             this
             proof
             is
             as
             weak
             as
             the
             former
             ;
             for
             the
             Excrements
             of
             the
             Capons
             being
             full
             of
             a
             
               Volatile
               Salt
            
             ,
             that
             Salt
             may
             have
             Volatiliz'd
             and
             carried
             away
             the
             greatest
             part
             of
             the
             Gold
             during
             the
             Calcination
             ,
             after
             the
             same
             manner
             as
             we
             see
             several
             Volatile
             liquors
             to
             
               sublime
               Gold.
            
             I
             know
             well
             enough
             by
             my
             own
             Experience
             ,
             that
             there
             are
             such
             Volatiles
             as
             are
             able
             to
             
               sublime
               Gold
            
             ;
             for
             having
             one
             day
             mixed
             three
             ounces
             of
             Gold
             with
             about
             three
             pounds
             of
             matter
             consisting
             of
             divers
             
               Volatile
               ingredients
            
             ,
             I
             put
             the
             mixture
             about
             a
             month
             afterwards
             into
             the
             Coppel
             ,
             and
             the
             Gold
             appeared
             very
             resplendent
             in
             the
             middle
             of
             the
             mixture
             ;
             but
             blowing
             ,
             as
             we
             use
             to
             do
             ,
             in
             its
             purification
             ,
             I
             was
             astonished
             to
             see
             it
             Exalt
             away
             by
             little
             and
             little
             into
             the
             air
             ,
             until
             there
             was
             not
             a
             grain
             of
             it
             left
             .
          
           
           
             Thus
             no
             body
             can
             be
             assured
             that
             Gold
             did
             nourish
             those
             Capons
             ;
             but
             besides
             ,
             though
             some
             of
             it
             should
             be
             dissolved
             in
             the
             body
             ,
             as
             it
             does
             in
             
               Aqua
               Regalis
            
             ,
             which
             is
             very
             hard
             to
             conceive
             ;
             though
             some
             of
             it
             should
             exalt
             ,
             nay
             though
             some
             should
             plainly
             glitter
             in
             the
             Chyle
             ,
             here
             's
             no
             proof
             nevertheless
             that
             it
             produces
             such
             wonderful
             effects
             .
          
           
             Now
             although
             I
             have
             asserted
             that
             Gold
             taken
             alone
             does
             not
             receive
             any
             change
             as
             for
             health
             ,
             yet
             I
             value
             very
             much
             several
             preparations
             of
             Gold
             made
             with
             Spirits
             ;
             for
             't
             is
             these
             Spirits
             that
             give
             certain
             determinations
             to
             Gold
             according
             to
             their
             nature
             ,
             and
             make
             it
             operate
             as
             it
             does
             .
             When
             I
             speak
             of
             
               Aurum
               Fulminans
            
             ,
             I
             shall
             give
             an
             instance
             of
             what
             I
             now
             say
             .
          
           
             
               Purification
               of
               Gold.
               
            
             
               To
               
                 Purifie
                 Gold
              
               is
               to
               separate
               from
               it
               the
               other
               Metals
               which
               are
               mixed
               with
               it
               .
            
             
               Put
               as
               much
               Gold
               as
               you
               please
               into
               a
               Crucible
               ,
               make
               it
               red
               hot
               ,
               and
               when
               it
               begins
               to
               melt
               ,
               cast
               into
               it
               four
               times
               as
               much
               Antimony
               in
               powder
               ,
               the
               Gold
               will
               presently
               melt
               ;
               continue
               a
               strong
               Fire
               ,
               until
               you
               perceive
               the
               Matter
               to
               sparkle
               .
            
             
               Then
               take
               your
               Crucible
               out
               of
               the
               Fire
               and
               knock
               it
               ,
               that
               the
               Regule
               may
               fall
               to
               the
               bottom
               .
               Break
               it
               when
               it
               is
               cold
               ,
               and
               separate
               the
               Regule
               from
               the
               dross
               that
               remains
               a
               top
               of
               it
               .
               If
               you
               have
               a
               mind
               to
               save
               your
               Crucible
               ,
               pour
               out
               the
               matter
               that
               lies
               in
               Fusion
               into
               an
               Iron
               Mortar
               made
               like
               a
               Founders
               Mould
               ,
               which
               you
               shall
               have
               heated
               a
               little
               and
               greased
               before-hand
               ,
               then
               strike
               about
               
               the
               Mortar
               with
               pincers
               ,
               till
               the
               matter
               settles
               in
               a
               Mass
               .
            
             
               Let
               this
               Mass
               cool
               a
               little
               ,
               then
               flinging
               it
               out
               ,
               separate
               the
               
                 Golden
                 Regule
              
               from
               the
               dross
               .
               Weigh
               this
               Regule
               ,
               melt
               it
               again
               in
               a
               Crucible
               over
               a
               strong
               Fire
               ,
               and
               when
               it
               shall
               come
               to
               melt
               ,
               throw
               into
               it
               by
               little
               and
               little
               three
               times
               as
               much
               Salt-peter
               :
               continue
               a
               good
               strong
               Fire
               ,
               that
               the
               matter
               may
               remain
               in
               Fusion
               ,
               and
               when
               the
               Fumes
               are
               all
               gone
               ,
               and
               it
               appears
               clear
               and
               clean
               ,
               cast
               it
               into
               your
               Iron
               Mortar
               warm'd
               and
               greas'd
               as
               I
               said
               but
               now
               ,
               or
               else
               leave
               it
               in
               the
               Crucible
               that
               you
               shall
               beat
               while
               it
               is
               cooling
               ,
               for
               the
               separation
               of
               the
               Regule
               from
               the
               Dross
               that
               remains
               a
               top
               ,
               and
               your
               
                 Golden
                 Regule
              
               will
               prove
               perfectly
               pure
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 ordinary
                 way
                 of
                 purifying
                 Gold
                 is
                 the
                 Coppel
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 same
                 method
                 is
                 used
                 that
                 I
                 shall
                 speak
                 of
                 in
                 the
                 Purification
                 of
                 Silver
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Coppel
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 separate
                 Silver
                 from
                 Gold
                 ,
                 recourse
                 is
                 had
                 to
                 another
                 Operation
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 called
                 the
                 Depart
                 .
              
               
                 Melt
                 three
                 parts
                 of
                 Silver
                 with
                 one
                 part
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 Crucible
                 over
                 a
                 good
                 Fire
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 this
                 mixture
                 is
                 in
                 Fusion
                 ,
                 cast
                 it
                 into
                 cold
                 water
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 condenses
                 into
                 Grains
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 dried
                 ,
                 a
                 separation
                 of
                 the
                 Silver
                 from
                 the
                 Gold
                 is
                 made
                 by
                 the
                 means
                 of
                 
                   Aqua
                   fortis
                
                 ;
                 for
                 this
                 Menstruum
                 dissolves
                 Silver
                 very
                 well
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Gold
                 remains
                 in
                 powder
                 at
                 the
                 bottom
                 of
                 the
                 Vessel
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 
                 reason
                 that
                 I
                 shall
                 relate
                 in
                 the
                 Chapter
                 of
                 
                   Aqua
                   Regalis
                
                 .
                 The
                 Dissolution
                 of
                 Silver
                 is
                 poured
                 off
                 by
                 Inclination
                 ,
                 then
                 the
                 Powder
                 of
                 Gold
                 is
                 washed
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 sweet
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 it
                 often
                 happens
                 that
                 some
                 particles
                 of
                 the
                 Silver
                 do
                 still
                 remain
                 united
                 with
                 the
                 Gold
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 this
                 Purification
                 cannot
                 be
                 said
                 to
                 be
                 altogether
                 perfect
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 another
                 method
                 of
                 
                   Purifying
                   Gold
                
                 ,
                 to
                 wit
                 ,
                 Cementation
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 thus
                 performed
                 .
              
               
                 Stratifie
                 in
                 a
                 Crucible
                 thin
                 plates
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 dry
                 paste
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 called
                 Cement
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 Salts
                 Gemma
                 and
                 Armoniack
                 do
                 enter
                 ;
                 cover
                 the
                 Crucible
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 made
                 a
                 fire
                 round
                 about
                 it
                 ,
                 Calcine
                 the
                 matter
                 for
                 ten
                 or
                 twelve
                 hours
                 with
                 a
                 violent
                 heat
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Salts
                 may
                 eat
                 and
                 consume
                 the
                 impurities
                 of
                 the
                 Gold
                 :
                 but
                 nevertheless
                 they
                 often
                 leave
                 it
                 still
                 impregnated
                 with
                 other
                 Metals
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Purification
                 at
                 Gold
                 by
                 the
                 means
                 of
                 Antimony
                 is
                 better
                 than
                 any
                 other
                 ;
                 for
                 there
                 is
                 nothing
                 but
                 Gold
                 that
                 is
                 able
                 to
                 make
                 resistance
                 against
                 this
                 devourer
                 ;
                 it
                 often
                 eats
                 some
                 portion
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 but
                 never
                 leaves
                 it
                 in
                 any
                 other
                 Metal
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 must
                 remember
                 to
                 lay
                 a
                 Tile
                 under
                 the
                 Crucible
                 ,
                 for
                 fear
                 that
                 the
                 air
                 which
                 comes
                 by
                 the
                 Ash-hole
                 ,
                 should
                 happen
                 to
                 cool
                 the
                 bottom
                 of
                 the
                 Crucible
                 .
              
               
                 Gold
                 presently
                 melts
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 Antimony
                 is
                 cast
                 into
                 the
                 Crucible
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 that
                 Antimony
                 contains
                 some
                 Saline
                 Sulphurs
                 ,
                 which
                 do
                 encrease
                 the
                 force
                 of
                 the
                 Fire
                 ,
                 and
                 do
                 separate
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 this
                 Metal
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 then
                 that
                 the
                 more
                 porous
                 and
                 volatile
                 part
                 uniting
                 with
                 the
                 Antimony
                 ,
                 one
                 part
                 evaporates
                 away
                 in
                 Smoke
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 remains
                 fixt
                 in
                 the
                 Dross
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 sparkles
                 which
                 toward
                 the
                 end
                 do
                 fly
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 matter
                 do
                 proceed
                 from
                 some
                 Particles
                 of
                 Antimony
                 ,
                 which
                 finding
                 themselves
                 intangled
                 in
                 the
                 Gold
                 do
                 use
                 violence
                 to
                 get
                 out
                 .
              
               
                 Then
                 take
                 your
                 matter
                 off
                 the
                 Fire
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 lose
                 none
                 of
                 its
                 substance
                 ,
                 and
                 pour
                 it
                 into
                 an
                 Iron
                 Mortar
                 as
                 I
                 said
                 before
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 the
                 Regule
                 is
                 melted
                 once
                 more
                 ,
                 and
                 Salt-peter
                 cast
                 into
                 it
                 to
                 absorb
                 or
                 receive
                 all
                 the
                 Antimony
                 that
                 may
                 yet
                 remain
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 you
                 have
                 a
                 Regule
                 as
                 well
                 purified
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 ,
                 and
                 even
                 that
                 of
                 four
                 and
                 twenty
                 Caratts
                 ,
                 if
                 there
                 be
                 any
                 such
                 Gold.
                 
              
               
                 A
                 Carat
                 of
                 Gold
                 is
                 properly
                 the
                 weight
                 of
                 one
                 Scruple
                 ,
                 or
                 four
                 and
                 twenty
                 grains
                 ,
                 and
                 four
                 and
                 twenty
                 Caratts
                 make
                 an
                 ounce
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 take
                 an
                 ounce
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 and
                 find
                 that
                 it
                 loses
                 not
                 a
                 jot
                 in
                 the
                 Purifications
                 that
                 may
                 be
                 made
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 this
                 is
                 called
                 Gold
                 of
                 four
                 and
                 twenty
                 Caratts
                 ;
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 found
                 to
                 have
                 diminished
                 but
                 one
                 Caratt
                 ,
                 then
                 it
                 is
                 said
                 to
                 be
                 Gold
                 of
                 three
                 and
                 twenty
                 Caratts
                 ;
                 if
                 it
                 loses
                 two
                 Caratts
                 ,
                 then
                 it
                 is
                 Gold
                 of
                 two
                 and
                 twenty
                 Caratts
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 .
                 But
                 it
                 is
                 commonly
                 held
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 such
                 thing
                 to
                 be
                 found
                 as
                 Gold
                 of
                 four
                 and
                 twenty
                 Caratts
                 ,
                 because
                 there
                 is
                 none
                 but
                 contains
                 some
                 small
                 proportion
                 of
                 Silver
                 ,
                 or
                 Copper
                 ,
                 purifie
                 it
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 you
                 will.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Red
                   Gold
                
                 is
                 the
                 less
                 valuable
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 contains
                 the
                 more
                 Copper
                 ,
                 which
                 gives
                 it
                 this
                 colour
                 ;
                 the
                 Yellow
                 is
                 the
                 better
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 ought
                 to
                 remain
                 Yellow
                 ,
                 even
                 whilst
                 it
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 fire
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 Caratt
                 of
                 
                   Pearls
                   ,
                   Diamonds
                
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 precious
                 stones
                 ,
                 is
                 but
                 four
                 grains
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               Amalgamation
               of
               Gold
               with
               Mercury
               ,
               and
               its
               reduction
               into
               an
               impalpable
               Powder
               .
            
             
               To
               Amalgamate
               Gold
               is
               to
               mix
               it
               with
               Quicksilver
               .
            
             
               Take
               a
               Drachm
               of
               the
               Regule
               of
               Gold
               ,
               beat
               it
               into
               very
               thin
               little
               Plates
               ,
               which
               you
               must
               heat
               in
               a
               Crucible
               red
               hot
               in
               a
               large
               Fire
               ;
               then
               pour
               upon
               it
               an
               ounce
               of
               Quicksilver
               revived
               from
               Cinnaber
               ,
               as
               I
               shall
               shew
               hereafter
               ;
               stir
               the
               matter
               with
               a
               little
               Iron-rod
               ,
               and
               when
               you
               find
               it
               begin
               to
               raise
               a
               fume
               which
               quickly
               happens
               ,
               cast
               your
               mixture
               into
               an
               Earthen
               Pan
               fill'd
               with
               Water
               ,
               it
               will
               coagulate
               ,
               and
               become
               tractable
               ;
               wash
               it
               several
               times
               to
               take
               away
               its
               blackness
               ;
               thus
               you
               have
               an
               Amalgame
               ,
               from
               which
               you
               must
               separate
               the
               Mercury
               that
               you
               find
               not
               united
               ,
               by
               pressing
               it
               a
               little
               between
               your
               fingers
               in
               a
               linnen
               cloth
               .
               The
               Gold
               retains
               about
               thrice
               its
               weight
               in
               Mercury
               .
            
             
               Now
               to
               reduce
               this
               Gold
               into
               Powder
               ,
               you
               must
               put
               this
               Amalgame
               into
               a
               Crucible
               over
               a
               gentle
               fire
               ,
               the
               Mercury
               will
               evaporate
               into
               the
               Air
               ,
               and
               leave
               the
               Gold
               at
               bottom
               in
               an
               
                 impalpable
                 Powder
              
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 Mercury
                 doth
                 easily
                 penetrate
                 Gold
                 ,
                 and
                 insinuating
                 into
                 its
                 Pores
                 makes
                 a
                 soft
                 matter
                 that
                 is
                 called
                 Amalgame
                 ;
                 it
                 doth
                 the
                 same
                 with
                 other
                 Metals
                 
                 too
                 ,
                 except
                 Iron
                 and
                 Copper
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 too
                 ill
                 digested
                 to
                 receive
                 its
                 impression
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Amalgamation
                 of
                 Gold
                 is
                 useful
                 to
                 Gilders
                 ,
                 for
                 so
                 it
                 is
                 easily
                 extended
                 upon
                 their
                 works
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Aurum
               Fulminans
               ,
               called
               Saffron
               of
               Gold.
               
            
             
               This
               Operation
               is
               a
               Gold
               impregnated
               with
               some
               Spirits
               ,
               which
               cause
               it
               to
               give
               a
               loud
               crack
               ,
               when
               it
               is
               set
               over
               the
               Fire
               .
            
             
               Take
               what
               quantity
               you
               please
               of
               Gold
               beaten
               into
               thin
               plates
               ,
               put
               it
               into
               a
               Viol
               ,
               or
               Matrass
               ,
               and
               pour
               upon
               it
               by
               little
               and
               little
               three
               or
               four
               times
               as
               much
               
                 Aqua
                 Regalis
              
               compounded
               after
               the
               manner
               I
               shall
               shew
               in
               its
               proper
               place
               .
               Set
               the
               Matrass
               upon
               Sand
               a
               little
               heated
               ,
               until
               the
               
                 Aqua
                 Regalis
              
               has
               dissolved
               as
               much
               of
               the
               Gold
               as
               it
               is
               able
               to
               contain
               ,
               which
               you
               will
               know
               by
               the
               ceasing
               of
               the
               ebullitions
               ,
               pour
               your
               solution
               into
               a
               Glass-vessel
               of
               five
               or
               six
               times
               as
               much
               common
               Water
               .
               Afterwards
               drop
               into
               this
               mixture
               by
               degrees
               the
               Volatile
               Spirit
               of
               Salt
               Armoniack
               ,
               or
               the
               Oyl
               of
               Tartar
               made
               by
               Deliquium
               or
               Solution
               ,
               you
               'l
               find
               the
               Gold
               precipitate
               to
               the
               bottom
               of
               the
               Glass
               .
               Let
               it
               alone
               a
               good
               while
               to
               settle
               ,
               that
               all
               the
               Gold
               may
               fall
               down
               ,
               then
               pouring
               off
               the
               Water
               by
               Inclination
               wash
               your
               powder
               with
               warm
               Water
               ,
               till
               it
               grows
               insipid
               ,
               and
               so
               dry
               it
               in
               Paper
               at
               a
               gentle
               fire
               ,
               because
               it
               is
               apt
               to
               fire
               ,
               and
               the
               Powder
               would
               fly
               away
               with
               a
               terrible
               noise
               .
            
             
               If
               you
               use
               one
               drachm
               of
               Gold
               ,
               you
               will
               obtain
               four
               scruples
               of
               
                 Aurum
                 Fulminans
              
               well
               dried
               .
            
             
             
               
                 Aurum
                 Fulminans
              
               causes
               sweat
               ,
               and
               drives
               out
               ill
               humors
               by
               Transpiration
               .
               It
               may
               be
               given
               in
               the
               Small
               Pox
               from
               two
               to
               six
               grains
               in
               a
               Lozenge
               ,
               or
               Electuary
               .
               It
               stops
               Vomiting
               ,
               and
               is
               also
               good
               to
               moderate
               the
               activity
               of
               Mercury
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Plates
                 of
                 Gold
                 are
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 in
                 this
                 Operation
                 ,
                 that
                 its
                 dissolution
                 may
                 be
                 more
                 easily
                 performed
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 must
                 pour
                 the
                 
                   Aqua
                   Regalis
                
                 by
                 little
                 and
                 little
                 ,
                 to
                 avoid
                 the
                 great
                 effervescency
                 that
                 might
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 drive
                 it
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Matrass
                 .
                 The
                 effervescency
                 proceeds
                 from
                 the
                 violent
                 division
                 of
                 the
                 particles
                 of
                 Gold
                 by
                 the
                 
                   Aqua
                   Regalis
                
                 ;
                 for
                 when
                 it
                 finds
                 no
                 more
                 bodies
                 to
                 act
                 upon
                 ,
                 having
                 divided
                 the
                 Gold
                 into
                 as
                 many
                 parts
                 as
                 't
                 is
                 possible
                 ,
                 the
                 ebullition
                 ceases
                 ,
                 and
                 though
                 the
                 Gold
                 doth
                 all
                 remain
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Aqua
                   Regalis
                
                 ,
                 it
                 becomes
                 so
                 imperceptible
                 to
                 us
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 seems
                 the
                 Water
                 hath
                 not
                 changed
                 from
                 what
                 it
                 was
                 before
                 ,
                 it
                 appears
                 so
                 very
                 clear
                 and
                 transparent
                 .
                 Indeed
                 the
                 solution
                 has
                 received
                 a
                 Golden
                 colour
                 ,
                 and
                 becomes
                 yellow
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 dissolution
                 of
                 Gold
                 is
                 a
                 suspension
                 of
                 this
                 metal
                 in
                 Phlegm
                 ,
                 made
                 by
                 the
                 edges
                 of
                 
                   Aqua
                   Regalis
                
                 .
                 For
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 enough
                 that
                 the
                 
                   Aqua
                   Regalis
                
                 does
                 divide
                 the
                 Gold
                 into
                 subtle
                 parts
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 is
                 further
                 requisite
                 that
                 its
                 edges
                 do
                 hold
                 up
                 the
                 Gold
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 it
                 were
                 like
                 so
                 many
                 Finns
                 ,
                 otherwise
                 it
                 would
                 always
                 fall
                 to
                 the
                 bottom
                 in
                 a
                 powder
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 were
                 never
                 so
                 subtle
                 .
              
               
               
                 Now
                 't
                 is
                 objected
                 that
                 the
                 particles
                 of
                 Gold
                 should
                 fall
                 to
                 the
                 bottom
                 of
                 the
                 liquor
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 being
                 joined
                 to
                 the
                 points
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Aqua
                   Regalis
                
                 they
                 are
                 become
                 more
                 heavy
                 than
                 they
                 were
                 before
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 union
                 or
                 adhaesion
                 of
                 two
                 bodies
                 does
                 cause
                 a
                 greater
                 weight
                 ,
                 than
                 when
                 the
                 two
                 bodies
                 were
                 separated
                 one
                 from
                 the
                 other
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 answer
                 ,
                 that
                 we
                 ought
                 to
                 conceive
                 the
                 particles
                 of
                 Gold
                 being
                 suspended
                 or
                 held
                 up
                 in
                 the
                 Phlegm
                 by
                 the
                 acid
                 points
                 ,
                 much
                 after
                 the
                 manner
                 as
                 we
                 do
                 conceive
                 very
                 well
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 small
                 piece
                 of
                 metal
                 fixed
                 to
                 a
                 staff
                 or
                 a
                 plank
                 ,
                 will
                 swim
                 with
                 the
                 wood
                 in
                 the
                 water
                 ;
                 for
                 although
                 the
                 small
                 piece
                 of
                 metal
                 sinks
                 to
                 the
                 bottom
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 alone
                 ,
                 yet
                 it
                 swims
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 affixed
                 to
                 the
                 wood
                 ;
                 the
                 acid
                 edges
                 are
                 bodies
                 exceeding
                 light
                 in
                 comparison
                 with
                 the
                 particles
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 have
                 likewise
                 their
                 superficies
                 ,
                 more
                 extended
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 do
                 take
                 up
                 more
                 room
                 in
                 the
                 phlegm
                 ;
                 this
                 is
                 that
                 which
                 holds
                 them
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 causes
                 them
                 to
                 swim
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Oyl
                 of
                 Tartar
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Salt
                 Armoniack
                 is
                 used
                 for
                 the
                 Precipitation
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 because
                 both
                 those
                 Liquors
                 do
                 contain
                 an
                 Alkali
                 Salt
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 mixed
                 with
                 Acids
                 must
                 cause
                 a
                 Fermentation
                 .
                 Now
                 in
                 this
                 Fermentation
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 
                   Aqua
                   Regalis
                
                 that
                 held
                 up
                 the
                 particles
                 of
                 Gold
                 do
                 grow
                 weak
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 no
                 more
                 force
                 to
                 retain
                 them
                 longer
                 ,
                 they
                 must
                 needs
                 precipitate
                 by
                 their
                 own
                 weight
                 .
              
               
                 Perhaps
                 some
                 may
                 find
                 a
                 difficulty
                 in
                 comprehending
                 how
                 the
                 Volatile
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Salt
                 Armoniack
                 should
                 come
                 to
                 weaken
                 the
                 
                   Aqua
                   Regalis
                
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 it self
                 compounded
                 of
                 Salt
                 Armoniack
                 ;
                 but
                 
                 there
                 will
                 be
                 no
                 difficulty
                 at
                 all
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 shall
                 consider
                 that
                 the
                 force
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Aqua
                   Regalis
                
                 doth
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 depend
                 on
                 the
                 volatile
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Salt
                 Armoniack
                 ,
                 as
                 on
                 the
                 Sea-salt
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 in
                 good
                 store
                 in
                 it
                 united
                 with
                 the
                 
                   Aqua
                   Fortis
                
                 ;
                 for
                 Sea-salt
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   Sal
                   Gemma
                
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 substituted
                 very
                 well
                 in
                 the
                 place
                 of
                 Salt
                 Armoniack
                 for
                 making
                 
                   Aqua
                   Regalis
                
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 shall
                 observe
                 hereafter
                 ,
                 speaking
                 of
                 the
                 composition
                 of
                 this
                 Water
                 .
                 It
                 may
                 be
                 also
                 enquired
                 here
                 ,
                 why
                 the
                 Dissolvents
                 do
                 quit
                 the
                 bodies
                 they
                 held
                 before
                 in
                 Dissolution
                 ,
                 to
                 betake
                 themselves
                 to
                 some
                 other
                 :
                 for
                 example
                 ,
                 why
                 the
                 
                   Aqua
                   Regalis
                
                 leaves
                 the
                 Gold
                 it
                 was
                 impregnated
                 with
                 ,
                 to
                 give
                 way
                 to
                 the
                 Alkali
                 Salt.
                 This
                 question
                 is
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 difficult
                 to
                 resolve
                 well
                 ,
                 of
                 any
                 in
                 Natural
                 Philosophy
                 .
              
               
                 Nevertheless
                 ,
                 I
                 'le
                 give
                 you
                 my
                 opinion
                 of
                 what
                 can
                 be
                 said
                 most
                 sensibly
                 on
                 this
                 Subject
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 do
                 suppose
                 that
                 when
                 the
                 
                   Aqua
                   Regalis
                
                 hath
                 acted
                 upon
                 the
                 Gold
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 dissolve
                 it
                 ,
                 the
                 points
                 or
                 edges
                 that
                 enabled
                 it
                 to
                 do
                 so
                 ,
                 are
                 fixed
                 in
                 the
                 particles
                 of
                 Gold.
                 But
                 seeing
                 that
                 these
                 little
                 bodies
                 are
                 very
                 hard
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 hard
                 to
                 penetrate
                 ,
                 these
                 points
                 do
                 enter
                 but
                 very
                 superficially
                 ,
                 yet
                 far
                 enough
                 to
                 suspend
                 the
                 particles
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 and
                 hinder
                 them
                 from
                 precipitating
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 if
                 you
                 would
                 add
                 never
                 so
                 much
                 Gold
                 ,
                 more
                 ,
                 when
                 these
                 points
                 have
                 seized
                 upon
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 able
                 to
                 joyn
                 with
                 ,
                 they
                 cannot
                 possibly
                 dissolve
                 one
                 grain
                 more
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 this
                 suspension
                 that
                 renders
                 the
                 particles
                 of
                 Gold
                 imperceptible
                 .
                 But
                 now
                 if
                 you
                 add
                 some
                 body
                 that
                 by
                 its
                 motion
                 and
                 figure
                 is
                 able
                 to
                 engage
                 the
                 acids
                 enough
                 to
                 break
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 particles
                 of
                 Gold
                 being
                 left
                 at
                 
                 liberty
                 will
                 precipitate
                 by
                 their
                 own
                 weight
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 is
                 what
                 I
                 conceive
                 the
                 Oyl
                 of
                 Tartar
                 ,
                 and
                 Volatile
                 Alkali
                 Spirits
                 are
                 able
                 to
                 do
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 impregnated
                 with
                 very
                 Active
                 Salts
                 ,
                 which
                 finding
                 bodies
                 at
                 rest
                 do
                 presently
                 move
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 quickness
                 of
                 their
                 motion
                 do
                 shake
                 them
                 so
                 violently
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 break
                 the
                 points
                 by
                 which
                 they
                 were
                 suspended
                 ;
                 these
                 fragments
                 of
                 little
                 points
                 being
                 thus
                 disengaged
                 from
                 the
                 Gold
                 ,
                 are
                 still
                 keen
                 enough
                 to
                 act
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 have
                 action
                 enough
                 remaining
                 to
                 pierce
                 and
                 divide
                 violently
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 Alkali
                 Salts
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 much
                 more
                 soluble
                 in
                 their
                 nature
                 than
                 Gold
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 occasions
                 the
                 Ebullition
                 which
                 presently
                 happens
                 when
                 these
                 Spirits
                 are
                 poured
                 upon
                 the
                 Dissolution
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 edges
                 then
                 being
                 thus
                 broken
                 ,
                 two
                 things
                 must
                 follow
                 thereupon
                 .
                 The
                 first
                 is
                 that
                 the
                 remaining
                 
                   Aqua
                   Regalis
                
                 is
                 rendred
                 uncapable
                 of
                 dissolving
                 any
                 more
                 Gold
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 hath
                 no
                 more
                 power
                 left
                 of
                 making
                 a
                 penetration
                 .
                 The
                 second
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 precipitated
                 Powder
                 of
                 Gold
                 is
                 impregnated
                 with
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Dissolvent
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 that
                 the
                 sharpest
                 part
                 of
                 these
                 edges
                 remains
                 within
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 Experience
                 teaches
                 us
                 both
                 the
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 :
                 to
                 wit
                 ,
                 the
                 force
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Aqua
                   Regalis
                
                 is
                 quite
                 destroyed
                 for
                 dissolving
                 any
                 more
                 Gold
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 precipitated
                 Powder
                 hath
                 drawn
                 along
                 with
                 it
                 some
                 Spirits
                 that
                 are
                 so
                 closely
                 lockt
                 up
                 ,
                 that
                 though
                 it
                 be
                 several
                 times
                 washt
                 in
                 warm
                 Water
                 ,
                 they
                 cannot
                 possibly
                 be
                 disengaged
                 from
                 their
                 hold
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 is
                 evident
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 put
                 upon
                 the
                 Fire
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 great
                 Detonation
                 ,
                 or
                 noise
                 that
                 it
                 makes
                 ,
                 cannot
                 proceed
                 from
                 any
                 thing
                 else
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 inclosed
                 
                 Spirits
                 which
                 violently
                 divide
                 the
                 most
                 compact
                 body
                 of
                 Gold
                 to
                 get
                 out
                 quickly
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 forced
                 to
                 it
                 by
                 the
                 action
                 of
                 Fire
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 can
                 here
                 explicate
                 by
                 the
                 by
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 ,
                 the
                 action
                 of
                 a
                 certain
                 Powder
                 ,
                 consisting
                 of
                 three
                 parts
                 of
                 Niter
                 ,
                 two
                 parts
                 of
                 Salt
                 of
                 Tartar
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 part
                 of
                 Sulphur
                 .
                 This
                 Powder
                 being
                 heated
                 in
                 a
                 Spoon
                 to
                 the
                 weight
                 of
                 a
                 Drachm
                 ,
                 gives
                 as
                 Thundering
                 a
                 noise
                 as
                 a
                 Cannon
                 it self
                 .
                 Now
                 the
                 fixt
                 Salt
                 of
                 Tartar
                 causes
                 in
                 this
                 Powder
                 what
                 the
                 Gold
                 did
                 in
                 the
                 other
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 it
                 retains
                 the
                 Spirits
                 of
                 Niter
                 and
                 Sulphur
                 so
                 lockt
                 up
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 cannot
                 be
                 separated
                 without
                 violently
                 breaking
                 their
                 Prison
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 is
                 that
                 which
                 makes
                 such
                 a
                 noise
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Aurum
                   Fulminans
                
                 taken
                 inwardly
                 causes
                 sweat
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 volatilises
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 drives
                 it
                 through
                 the
                 Pores
                 .
                 Now
                 if
                 the
                 Pores
                 are
                 very
                 open
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 only
                 cause
                 an
                 insensible
                 transpiration
                 :
                 but
                 if
                 they
                 are
                 closed
                 up
                 by
                 the
                 coldness
                 of
                 the
                 weather
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 it
                 must
                 remain
                 some
                 time
                 before
                 it
                 passes
                 ;
                 the
                 vaporous
                 humidity
                 which
                 bears
                 it
                 company
                 ,
                 dissolves
                 upon
                 the
                 skin
                 into
                 what
                 we
                 call
                 sweat
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 think
                 the
                 Gold
                 contributes
                 nothing
                 at
                 all
                 to
                 these
                 transpirations
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 alone
                 being
                 forced
                 by
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 body
                 to
                 pass
                 through
                 its
                 Pores
                 causes
                 all
                 the
                 action
                 .
                 But
                 I
                 conceive
                 it
                 is
                 more
                 likely
                 that
                 these
                 spirits
                 do
                 carry
                 along
                 with
                 them
                 some
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Gold
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 they
                 are
                 so
                 intimately
                 mixed
                 .
                 And
                 by
                 this
                 explication
                 may
                 be
                 better
                 comprehended
                 ,
                 how
                 so
                 small
                 a
                 quantity
                 of
                 spirits
                 is
                 able
                 to
                 produce
                 sweat
                 ;
                 for
                 suppose
                 there
                 passes
                 through
                 the
                 
                 Pores
                 one
                 grain
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 and
                 two
                 grains
                 of
                 spirits
                 ,
                 these
                 spirits
                 being
                 as
                 I
                 may
                 so
                 say
                 ,
                 armed
                 with
                 the
                 grosser
                 parts
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 will
                 be
                 better
                 able
                 to
                 conquer
                 the
                 resistance
                 that
                 shall
                 oppose
                 their
                 passage
                 ,
                 than
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 separate
                 ;
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 as
                 a
                 good
                 piece
                 of
                 Timber
                 that
                 is
                 driven
                 along
                 by
                 the
                 stream
                 of
                 a
                 River
                 will
                 strike
                 with
                 much
                 more
                 violence
                 against
                 the
                 Arch
                 of
                 a
                 Bridge
                 ,
                 and
                 endanger
                 it
                 much
                 more
                 ,
                 than
                 a
                 single
                 Wave
                 would
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 do
                 ,
                 though
                 never
                 so
                 swift
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 two
                 sorts
                 of
                 insensible
                 Transpirations
                 ,
                 one
                 hapening
                 at
                 all
                 times
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 in
                 health
                 as
                 sickness
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 in
                 a
                 Burning
                 Feaver
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 sometimes
                 upon
                 the
                 taking
                 a
                 Sudorifick
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 first
                 Transpiration
                 is
                 insensible
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 vapour
                 which
                 passes
                 continually
                 through
                 the
                 pores
                 is
                 yet
                 in
                 so
                 small
                 a
                 quantity
                 ,
                 that
                 though
                 it
                 does
                 dissolve
                 in
                 a
                 moisture
                 upon
                 the
                 skin
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 perceived
                 at
                 all
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 other
                 is
                 caused
                 by
                 a
                 great
                 motion
                 of
                 the
                 Spirits
                 which
                 drive
                 the
                 humours
                 through
                 the
                 pores
                 of
                 the
                 body
                 after
                 a
                 rapid
                 manner
                 ,
                 and
                 whereas
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 the
                 pores
                 become
                 very
                 open
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 skin
                 is
                 heated
                 more
                 than
                 ordinarily
                 ,
                 the
                 vapour
                 passes
                 away
                 through
                 the
                 skin
                 without
                 condensing
                 upon
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 if
                 once
                 the
                 rapid
                 motion
                 of
                 humours
                 begins
                 to
                 slacken
                 ,
                 then
                 the
                 sweat
                 appears
                 ,
                 and
                 begins
                 to
                 be
                 felt
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 does
                 happen
                 in
                 Agues
                 ,
                 for
                 during
                 the
                 great
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Ague
                 ,
                 men
                 do
                 not
                 sweat
                 at
                 all
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 in
                 the
                 declination
                 of
                 the
                 fit
                 ;
                 because
                 then
                 the
                 skin
                 somewhat
                 cools
                 ,
                 the
                 vapour
                 condenses
                 into
                 a
                 moisture
                 ,
                 which
                 we
                 call
                 sweat
                 ;
                 wherefore
                 sweat
                 may
                 be
                 said
                 to
                 issue
                 from
                 a
                 middle
                 degree
                 of
                 heat
                 ,
                 between
                 the
                 first
                 insensible
                 Transpiration
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 second
                 .
              
               
               
                 Most
                 men
                 think
                 that
                 there
                 goes
                 out
                 more
                 moisture
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 sweat
                 ,
                 than
                 by
                 the
                 insensible
                 Transpiration
                 which
                 is
                 made
                 during
                 the
                 height
                 of
                 the
                 hot
                 fit
                 ;
                 but
                 they
                 seem
                 to
                 be
                 mistaken
                 very
                 likely
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 may
                 easily
                 be
                 conceived
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 should
                 be
                 a
                 greater
                 disposition
                 in
                 the
                 vigour
                 of
                 the
                 fit
                 ,
                 than
                 afterwards
                 in
                 the
                 declination
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 that
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 the
                 heat
                 is
                 greater
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 more
                 able
                 to
                 impel
                 forth
                 effluviums
                 .
              
               
                 Distillation
                 in
                 a
                 Retort
                 will
                 confirm
                 what
                 is
                 here
                 maintained
                 .
                 For
                 if
                 you
                 make
                 only
                 a
                 moderate
                 fire
                 under
                 the
                 Retort
                 ,
                 the
                 moisture
                 which
                 rises
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 matter
                 will
                 distil
                 drop
                 by
                 drop
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 vapours
                 cooling
                 and
                 condensing
                 in
                 the
                 neck
                 of
                 the
                 Retort
                 do
                 resolve
                 into
                 a
                 liquor
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 you
                 make
                 a
                 great
                 fire
                 in
                 the
                 Furnace
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 neck
                 of
                 the
                 Retort
                 comes
                 to
                 be
                 heated
                 too
                 much
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 moisture
                 is
                 driven
                 in
                 a
                 meer
                 vapour
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 appears
                 not
                 the
                 least
                 humidity
                 in
                 the
                 neck
                 of
                 the
                 Retort
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 have
                 already
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 Gold
                 doth
                 repress
                 the
                 violence
                 of
                 Mercury
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 doth
                 Amalgamate
                 with
                 it
                 ;
                 but
                 
                   Aurum
                   Fulminans
                
                 doth
                 it
                 much
                 better
                 ,
                 for
                 being
                 Volatile
                 it
                 is
                 more
                 easily
                 carried
                 through
                 all
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 and
                 fails
                 not
                 to
                 find
                 out
                 the
                 Mercury
                 ,
                 wheresoever
                 it
                 lies
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 need
                 not
                 fear
                 lest
                 
                   Aurum
                   Fulminans
                
                 taken
                 inwardly
                 ,
                 and
                 heated
                 by
                 the
                 stomach
                 ,
                 should
                 cause
                 such
                 a
                 Detonation
                 there
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 does
                 when
                 set
                 over
                 the
                 fire
                 in
                 a
                 spoon
                 ;
                 for
                 so
                 much
                 the
                 more
                 moisture
                 as
                 comes
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 so
                 much
                 the
                 less
                 noise
                 does
                 it
                 make
                 .
                 Now
                 it
                 can't
                 be
                 question'd
                 ,
                 but
                 there
                 is
                 liquidity
                 enough
                 in
                 the
                 stomach
                 ,
                 besides
                 the
                 liquid
                 vehicle
                 't
                 is
                 usually
                 given
                 in
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 no
                 need
                 
                 then
                 of
                 calling
                 in
                 the
                 acids
                 of
                 the
                 stomach
                 ,
                 as
                 some
                 do
                 ,
                 to
                 unite
                 with
                 the
                 salts
                 of
                 
                   Aurum
                   Fulminans
                
                 ,
                 and
                 drive
                 them
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 body
                 of
                 this
                 Metal
                 :
                 for
                 besides
                 that
                 the
                 most
                 clear
                 and
                 disinterested
                 Explications
                 and
                 such
                 as
                 fall
                 most
                 under
                 our
                 sense
                 ,
                 ought
                 always
                 to
                 be
                 preferr'd
                 ,
                 't
                 would
                 be
                 too
                 hard
                 a
                 matter
                 to
                 maintain
                 that
                 ;
                 't
                 is
                 true
                 if
                 you
                 wet
                 
                   Aurum
                   Fulminans
                
                 with
                 the
                 
                   spirit
                   of
                   Vitriol
                
                 ,
                 or
                 Salt
                 ,
                 or
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 the
                 Fulmination
                 is
                 thereby
                 hindred
                 ,
                 but
                 this
                 happens
                 from
                 the
                 acids
                 fixing
                 by
                 their
                 weight
                 the
                 Volatility
                 of
                 those
                 Salts
                 that
                 remain
                 in
                 the
                 pores
                 of
                 the
                 Gold.
                 
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 Chapter
                 of
                 Gold
                 I
                 could
                 reckon
                 up
                 several
                 other
                 Preparations
                 that
                 have
                 been
                 invented
                 ,
                 but
                 because
                 they
                 are
                 out
                 of
                 use
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 not
                 swell
                 this
                 Book
                 with
                 an
                 account
                 of
                 them
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             II.
             
               Of
               Silver
            
             .
          
           
             SIlver
             hath
             the
             second
             place
             among
             Metals
             ,
             it
             is
             a
             very
             compact
             body
             ,
             more
             smooth
             and
             polished
             by
             nature
             than
             Gold
             ,
             and
             its
             Pores
             are
             more
             even
             upon
             the
             surface
             .
             it
             is
             malleable
             like
             Gold
             ,
             but
             will
             not
             so
             easily
             yield
             or
             extend
             under
             the
             Hammer
             ,
             and
             is
             not
             so
             weighty
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             called
             the
             Moon
             ,
             as
             well
             from
             its
             Colour
             ,
             as
             from
             the
             Influences
             our
             Forefathers
             thought
             it
             
             received
             from
             the
             Moon
             .
             Many
             properties
             are
             attributed
             to
             it
             against
             Diseases
             of
             the
             Head
             ;
             but
             these
             pretended
             Virtues
             seem
             to
             have
             no
             other
             foundation
             than
             the
             imagination
             of
             Astrologers
             and
             Chymists
             ,
             who
             were
             of
             the
             opinion
             that
             the
             Moon
             had
             a
             great
             deal
             of
             correspondence
             with
             the
             Head.
             There
             is
             no
             need
             I
             should
             enlarge
             in
             confutation
             of
             this
             opinion
             ,
             experience
             every
             day
             teaches
             us
             that
             it
             is
             a
             pure
             abuse
             .
          
           
             Silver
             may
             be
             also
             given
             like
             Gold
             for
             Diseases
             caused
             by
             too
             much
             Mercury
             ;
             for
             they
             suffer
             an
             Amalgation
             very
             well
             together
             .
          
           
             Whereas
             there
             is
             no
             certainty
             ,
             that
             ever
             there
             was
             drawn
             out
             of
             Gold
             or
             Silver
             any
             thing
             that
             deserves
             to
             be
             called
             either
             a
             Salt
             ,
             or
             Sulphur
             ,
             or
             Mercury
             ,
             I
             have
             not
             at
             all
             followed
             the
             method
             of
             Authors
             ,
             who
             will
             needs
             explicate
             the
             differences
             which
             are
             to
             be
             found
             in
             these
             Metals
             ,
             by
             more
             or
             less
             ,
             of
             one
             or
             two
             of
             these
             Principles
             .
             I
             am
             contented
             to
             relate
             only
             that
             which
             may
             be
             known
             in
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             ,
             and
             I
             think
             it
             better
             to
             say
             little
             of
             a
             thing
             ,
             and
             be
             able
             to
             prove
             my
             assertion
             ,
             than
             form
             grand
             Ideas
             of
             things
             that
             are
             very
             doubtful
             .
          
           
             
               Purification
               of
               Silver
               .
            
             
               To
               
                 Purifie
                 Silver
              
               is
               to
               separate
               from
               it
               the
               other
               metals
               with
               which
               it
               is
               mixed
               .
               This
               operation
               is
               done
               by
               the
               Coppel
               after
               the
               manner
               following
               :
            
             
               Take
               a
               Coppel
               made
               of
               the
               ashes
               of
               Bones
               or
               Horns
               ,
               cover
               it
               and
               heat
               it
               gently
               in
               the
               coals
               ,
               until
               it
               grows
               red-hot
               ,
               then
               cast
               it
               into
               four
               or
               
               five
               times
               as
               much
               Lead
               as
               you
               intend
               to
               purifie
               Silver
               :
               let
               the
               Lead
               melt
               ,
               and
               fill
               the
               sides
               of
               the
               Coppel
               ,
               which
               is
               soon
               done
               ;
               then
               cast
               your
               Silver
               into
               the
               middle
               ,
               and
               it
               will
               presently
               melt
               .
               Lay
               wood
               round
               about
               the
               Coppel
               ,
               and
               blow
               it
               that
               the
               flame
               may
               reverberate
               on
               the
               matter
               ,
               the
               impurities
               will
               mix
               with
               the
               Lead
               ,
               and
               the
               Silver
               remain
               pure
               and
               clean
               in
               the
               middle
               of
               the
               Coppel
               ,
               while
               the
               Lead
               being
               fill'd
               with
               the
               drossie
               parts
               of
               Silver
               lies
               on
               the
               sides
               like
               a
               scumm
               ,
               that
               you
               may
               gather
               up
               with
               a
               spoon
               ,
               and
               this
               is
               that
               which
               is
               called
               Litharge
               ,
               which
               according
               to
               the
               degree
               of
               Calcination
               it
               hath
               endured
               ,
               becomes
               of
               divers
               Colours
               ,
               and
               sometimes
               is
               called
               Litharge
               of
               Gold
               ,
               and
               sometimes
               Litharge
               of
               Silver
               .
               If
               you
               leave
               it
               in
               the
               Coppel
               ,
               it
               will
               pass
               through
               its
               Pores
               .
            
             
               For
               you
               must
               observe
               that
               the
               Coppel
               being
               expresly
               made
               of
               ashes
               deprived
               of
               Salt
               ,
               is
               very
               Porous
               ;
               you
               must
               continue
               the
               Fire
               till
               there
               rise
               no
               more
               Fumes
               .
            
             
               This
               Preparation
               cleanses
               Silver
               from
               all
               other
               Metals
               ,
               except
               Gold
               ,
               which
               resists
               the
               power
               of
               the
               Coppel
               .
               You
               must
               therefore
               have
               recourse
               to
               the
               Operation
               I
               described
               ,
               when
               I
               spoke
               of
               the
               Purification
               of
               Gold
               ;
               for
               
                 Aqua
                 fortis
              
               dissolves
               Silver
               ,
               but
               not
               being
               able
               to
               penetrate
               Gold
               ,
               leaves
               it
               in
               a
               powder
               at
               the
               bottom
               .
            
             
               Pour
               off
               then
               by
               Inclination
               the
               dissolution
               of
               Silver
               into
               an
               Earthen
               pan
               ,
               wherein
               you
               shall
               have
               laid
               before-hand
               a
               plate
               of
               Copper
               ,
               and
               ten
               or
               twelve
               times
               as
               much
               common
               Water
               .
               Let
               this
               mixture
               lie
               still
               for
               some
               hours
               ,
               and
               when
               you
               find
               the
               Copper
               covered
               all
               about
               with
               the
               Powder
               or
               Precipitate
               of
               Silver
               ,
               and
               the
               water
               becomes
               
               blue
               ,
               Filtrate
               it
               ,
               and
               you
               have
               that
               which
               is
               called
               
                 Aqua
                 Secunda
              
               :
               It
               is
               good
               to
               make
               the
               Eschar
               fall
               in
               Chancres
               ,
               and
               to
               consume
               proud
               flesh
               .
               Dry
               the
               powder
               of
               Silver
               ,
               and
               if
               you
               desire
               to
               keep
               it
               in
               an
               Ingot
               ,
               melt
               it
               in
               a
               Crucible
               with
               a
               little
               Salt-peter
               .
            
             
               If
               you
               steep
               a
               plate
               of
               Iron
               some
               hours
               in
               the
               
                 Aqua
                 Secunda
              
               ,
               the
               Copper
               which
               made
               it
               look
               blue
               will
               precipitate
               according
               as
               the
               Iron
               dissolves
               .
               If
               you
               Filtrate
               this
               dissolution
               ,
               and
               put
               a
               piece
               of
               the
               
                 Lapis
                 Calaminaris
              
               into
               it
               ,
               the
               dissolv'd
               Iron
               will
               fall
               to
               the
               bottom
               in
               powder
               ,
               and
               the
               Stone
               will
               dissolve
               it
               .
               If
               you
               Filtrate
               this
               water
               ,
               and
               pour
               upon
               the
               Filtration
               drop
               by
               drop
               the
               water
               of
               fixt
               Niter
               ,
               the
               
                 Lapis
                 Calaminaris
              
               will
               precipitate
               .
               Lastly
               ,
               if
               you
               Filtrate
               this
               water
               too
               ,
               and
               having
               evaporated
               a
               part
               of
               it
               ,
               set
               the
               rest
               a
               Crystallizing
               ,
               you
               'l
               meet
               with
               a
               Salt-peter
               that
               burns
               like
               the
               ordinary
               sort
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Coppel
                 is
                 an
                 Earthen
                 Vessel
                 that
                 resists
                 the
                 Fire
                 ,
                 made
                 like
                 a
                 dish
                 :
                 it
                 is
                 fill'd
                 with
                 a
                 Paste
                 made
                 of
                 ashes
                 that
                 have
                 lost
                 all
                 their
                 Salt
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 those
                 of
                 Bones
                 ;
                 which
                 lose
                 all
                 their
                 Salt
                 while
                 they
                 are
                 a
                 burning
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 is
                 so
                 Volatile
                 :
                 a
                 hole
                 is
                 made
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 to
                 let
                 in
                 the
                 matter
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 Coppel'd
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 the
                 Vessel
                 is
                 set
                 a
                 drying
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 must
                 put
                 Lead
                 into
                 the
                 Coppel
                 ,
                 in
                 proportion
                 to
                 the
                 impurities
                 that
                 are
                 in
                 the
                 Silver
                 ;
                 commonly
                 they
                 put
                 four
                 times
                 as
                 much
                 .
                 That
                 which
                 is
                 here
                 called
                 Impurity
                 is
                 nothing
                 else
                 but
                 some
                 
                 parts
                 of
                 other
                 Metals
                 ,
                 that
                 superficially
                 adhered
                 to
                 the
                 Silver
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 was
                 taken
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Mine
                 .
                 These
                 Metals
                 do
                 mix
                 much
                 better
                 with
                 Lead
                 than
                 Silver
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Lead
                 is
                 full
                 of
                 Sulphureous
                 porous
                 parts
                 which
                 readily
                 engage
                 and
                 receive
                 other
                 Bodies
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 contrary
                 Silver
                 hath
                 Pores
                 exceeding
                 close
                 and
                 strait
                 ,
                 and
                 can
                 neither
                 be
                 penetrated
                 nor
                 unite
                 with
                 these
                 Matters
                 but
                 only
                 superficially
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 Fusion
                 they
                 do
                 separate
                 and
                 only
                 slide
                 over
                 this
                 Solid
                 body
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 also
                 remarkable
                 that
                 the
                 hardness
                 of
                 Silver
                 ,
                 and
                 strait
                 contexture
                 of
                 its
                 parts
                 do
                 hinder
                 the
                 Fire
                 from
                 melting
                 it
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 as
                 other
                 Metals
                 ,
                 that
                 are
                 more
                 porous
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 is
                 the
                 reason
                 it
                 remains
                 unmixt
                 among
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 Silver
                 melts
                 much
                 sooner
                 by
                 being
                 put
                 into
                 melted
                 Lead
                 ,
                 than
                 if
                 you
                 had
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 melt
                 it
                 alone
                 in
                 the
                 Crucible
                 ,
                 because
                 Lead
                 contains
                 many
                 Sulphureous
                 parts
                 that
                 are
                 very
                 serviceable
                 for
                 the
                 Fusion
                 of
                 Metals
                 .
                 The
                 flame
                 is
                 made
                 to
                 Reverberate
                 on
                 the
                 Silver
                 ,
                 to
                 drive
                 all
                 Heterogeneous
                 substances
                 towards
                 the
                 sides
                 .
              
               
                 That
                 which
                 is
                 called
                 a
                 Caratt
                 in
                 Gold
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 Denier
                 ,
                 or
                 penny
                 weight
                 in
                 Silver
                 ,
                 and
                 thus
                 an
                 ounce
                 of
                 Silver
                 well
                 purified
                 is
                 of
                 four
                 and
                 twenty
                 penny
                 weight
                 ,
                 which
                 make
                 24
                 times
                 24
                 grains
                 .
                 Now
                 this
                 ounce
                 of
                 Silver
                 must
                 lose
                 nothing
                 at
                 all
                 upon
                 trial
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 it
                 should
                 lose
                 one
                 penny
                 weight
                 in
                 the
                 Coppel
                 ,
                 the
                 Silver
                 then
                 is
                 said
                 to
                 be
                 that
                 of
                 23
                 penny
                 weight
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 it
                 loses
                 two
                 scruples
                 ,
                 or
                 penny
                 weight
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 but
                 of
                 22
                 Deniers
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 no
                 Silver
                 to
                 be
                 had
                 of
                 24
                 deniers
                 ,
                 no
                 more
                 than
                 Gold
                 of
                 24
                 Caratts
                 ,
                 because
                 there
                 is
                 
                 always
                 some
                 mixture
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 use
                 what
                 diligence
                 and
                 application
                 you
                 please
                 in
                 its
                 purification
                 .
              
               
                 Plate-silver
                 contains
                 one
                 part
                 of
                 Copper
                 to
                 24
                 parts
                 of
                 Silver
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Coppel-silver
                 contains
                 but
                 a
                 quarter
                 of
                 a
                 part
                 of
                 Copper
                 to
                 four
                 and
                 twenty
                 parts
                 of
                 Silver
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Depart
                 ,
                 or
                 parting
                 of
                 Metals
                 ,
                 is
                 when
                 a
                 Dissolvent
                 quits
                 the
                 Metal
                 it
                 had
                 dissolved
                 ,
                 to
                 betake
                 it self
                 unto
                 another
                 .
                 Thus
                 when
                 Copper
                 is
                 put
                 into
                 the
                 Dissolution
                 of
                 Silver
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Aqua
                   fortis
                
                 leaves
                 the
                 Silver
                 ,
                 to
                 fall
                 upon
                 Dissolving
                 the
                 Copper
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 reason
                 of
                 this
                 is
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Copper-particles
                 do
                 so
                 stir
                 and
                 shake
                 the
                 edges
                 of
                 the
                 Dissolvent
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 make
                 them
                 let
                 go
                 their
                 hold
                 .
                 Iron
                 precipitates
                 
                   Copper
                   ,
                   Lapis
                   Calaminaris
                
                 precipitates
                 Iron
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Liquor
                 of
                 fixt
                 Niter
                 doth
                 so
                 to
                 the
                 
                   Lapis
                   Calaminaris
                
                 for
                 the
                 same
                 reason
                 ;
                 but
                 you
                 must
                 observe
                 ,
                 that
                 Iron
                 does
                 not
                 precipitate
                 all
                 the
                 Copper
                 ,
                 nor
                 the
                 Calaminaris
                 all
                 the
                 Iron
                 ,
                 no
                 more
                 than
                 the
                 Copper
                 did
                 precipitate
                 all
                 the
                 Silver
                 :
                 and
                 the
                 reason
                 of
                 this
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 points
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Aqua
                   fortis
                
                 having
                 entred
                 more
                 deeply
                 into
                 the
                 great
                 pores
                 of
                 Copper
                 and
                 Iron
                 ,
                 are
                 much
                 the
                 harder
                 to
                 be
                 broken
                 by
                 bodies
                 of
                 this
                 nature
                 ;
                 but
                 because
                 the
                 liquor
                 of
                 fixt
                 Niter
                 does
                 contain
                 an
                 Alkali
                 much
                 more
                 active
                 than
                 the
                 others
                 ,
                 it
                 precipitates
                 all
                 the
                 
                   Lapis
                   Calaminaris
                
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Iron
                 and
                 Copper
                 which
                 did
                 remain
                 dissolved
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 shall
                 in
                 the
                 sequel
                 of
                 this
                 Book
                 describe
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 preparing
                 the
                 Liquor
                 of
                 fixt
                 Niter
                 :
                 the
                 Salt
                 that
                 it
                 contains
                 reunites
                 with
                 the
                 Volatile
                 Spirits
                 of
                 Salt-peter
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Aqua
                   fortis
                
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 that
                 the
                 Salt-peter
                 revives
                 again
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               Crystals
               of
               Silver
               ,
               called
               Vitriol
               of
               the
               Moon
               .
            
             
               This
               Operation
               is
               a
               Silver
               opened
               ,
               and
               reduced
               into
               the
               form
               of
               Salt
               by
               the
               acid
               points
               of
               Spirit
               of
               Niter
               .
            
             
               Dissolve
               one
               or
               two
               ounces
               of
               Coppel-silver
               in
               three
               times
               as
               much
               Spirit
               of
               Niter
               ;
               pour
               forth
               your
               dissolution
               into
               a
               Glass-Cucurbite
               ,
               set
               in
               a
               gentle
               Sand-fire
               ;
               evaporate
               about
               the
               fourth
               part
               of
               the
               moisture
               ,
               and
               so
               let
               the
               rest
               cool
               without
               stirring
               it
               ,
               it
               will
               turn
               into
               Crystals
               ,
               which
               you
               must
               separate
               from
               the
               Liquor
               ,
               and
               after
               you
               have
               dried
               them
               ,
               keep
               them
               in
               a
               Viol
               well
               stopt
               .
               You
               may
               again
               fall
               to
               Evaporating
               half
               the
               remaining
               Liquor
               ,
               and
               set
               it
               a
               Crystallizing
               as
               before
               .
               You
               may
               repeat
               these
               Evaporations
               and
               Crystallizations
               till
               all
               your
               Silver
               has
               turned
               into
               Crystals
               .
            
             
               This
               
                 Vitriol
                 of
                 the
                 Moon
              
               is
               used
               to
               make
               an
               Eschar
               by
               touching
               the
               part
               with
               it
               .
               It
               is
               also
               given
               inwardly
               for
               Dropsies
               ,
               and
               for
               Diseases
               of
               the
               Head
               ,
               from
               two
               unto
               six
               Grains
               ,
               in
               some
               Specifick
               Water
               :
               it
               purges
               gently
               .
            
             
               These
               Crystals
               might
               be
               prepared
               with
               
                 Oyl
                 of
                 Vitriol
              
               ,
               instead
               of
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Niter
              
               ,
               for
               inward
               use
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 must
                 put
                 your
                 Silver
                 purified
                 by
                 the
                 Coppel
                 into
                 a
                 Viol
                 or
                 Matrass
                 large
                 enough
                 ,
                 and
                 pour
                 upon
                 it
                 only
                 as
                 much
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 as
                 will
                 serve
                 to
                 Dissolve
                 it
                 ;
                 now
                 that
                 comes
                 to
                 about
                 three
                 
                 times
                 its
                 weight
                 .
                 Indeed
                 you
                 may
                 use
                 
                   Aqua
                   fortis
                
                 instead
                 of
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 ,
                 if
                 you
                 please
                 ,
                 in
                 this
                 Operation
                 ;
                 but
                 I
                 rather
                 chuse
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 is
                 found
                 to
                 act
                 with
                 more
                 celerity
                 than
                 
                   Aqua
                   fortis
                
                 .
                 You
                 may
                 read
                 in
                 their
                 proper
                 places
                 the
                 description
                 I
                 have
                 given
                 you
                 of
                 them
                 both
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Remarks
                 I
                 have
                 made
                 upon
                 them
                 .
                 Place
                 your
                 Vessel
                 in
                 Ashes
                 or
                 Sand
                 ,
                 a
                 little
                 warm
                 for
                 to
                 hasten
                 the
                 Dissolution
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 
                   acid
                   Spirits
                
                 begin
                 to
                 work
                 upon
                 the
                 Silver
                 ,
                 an
                 Ebullition
                 presently
                 rises
                 accompanied
                 with
                 a
                 very
                 considerable
                 heat
                 ,
                 because
                 these
                 sharp
                 edges
                 do
                 break
                 those
                 obstacles
                 that
                 hindred
                 their
                 entrance
                 ,
                 and
                 violently
                 force
                 their
                 passage
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 this
                 great
                 motion
                 ,
                 and
                 impetuous
                 dispersion
                 of
                 parts
                 ,
                 that
                 produces
                 the
                 heat
                 and
                 ebullition
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 rarefaction
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 sends
                 forth
                 through
                 the
                 neck
                 of
                 the
                 Vessel
                 a
                 Red
                 fume
                 or
                 vapour
                 ,
                 that
                 you
                 must
                 be
                 very
                 careful
                 to
                 avoid
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 thing
                 very
                 unwholsom
                 ,
                 and
                 prejudicial
                 to
                 the
                 Breast
                 .
                 The
                 Smoke
                 and
                 Ebullition
                 do
                 remain
                 until
                 the
                 Silver
                 is
                 all
                 of
                 it
                 dissolved
                 ,
                 after
                 which
                 the
                 Liquor
                 becomes
                 clear
                 and
                 transparent
                 but
                 a
                 little
                 bluish
                 .
                 If
                 the
                 Silver
                 which
                 is
                 dissolved
                 ,
                 were
                 perfectly
                 purified
                 from
                 Copper
                 ,
                 the
                 solution
                 would
                 no
                 more
                 be
                 tinged
                 than
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 ,
                 but
                 because
                 there
                 is
                 none
                 to
                 be
                 found
                 so
                 perfectly
                 pure
                 ,
                 it
                 always
                 tinges
                 a
                 little
                 .
                 The
                 solution
                 of
                 Plate-silver
                 is
                 much
                 bluer
                 than
                 that
                 of
                 Silver
                 purified
                 by
                 the
                 Coppel
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Plate-silver
                 contains
                 more
                 Copper
                 than
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 said
                 before
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 the
                 purer
                 the
                 Silver
                 is
                 ,
                 the
                 less
                 blue
                 is
                 the
                 solution
                 .
                 A
                 little
                 of
                 it
                 is
                 evaporated
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 rest
                 may
                 Crystallize
                 the
                 easier
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 which
                 evaporates
                 is
                 little
                 better
                 than
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 
                 insipid
                 water
                 ,
                 the
                 Silver
                 still
                 retaining
                 the
                 
                   Acid
                   fixt
                   Spirits
                
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 you
                 must
                 observe
                 in
                 all
                 Crystallizations
                 not
                 to
                 leave
                 too
                 much
                 moisture
                 ,
                 for
                 fear
                 of
                 weakning
                 too
                 much
                 the
                 Salts
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 hindring
                 their
                 Coagulation
                 .
                 Nor
                 must
                 you
                 leave
                 too
                 little
                 moisture
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Crystals
                 not
                 finding
                 room
                 enough
                 to
                 extend
                 themselves
                 in
                 ,
                 would
                 confusedly
                 fall
                 one
                 upon
                 another
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 Crystals
                 can
                 be
                 dissolved
                 in
                 Water
                 like
                 Salt
                 ,
                 their
                 strength
                 depends
                 on
                 the
                 
                   Spirits
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 that
                 are
                 incorporated
                 with
                 them
                 :
                 wherefore
                 they
                 weigh
                 more
                 than
                 the
                 Silver
                 did
                 that
                 was
                 employed
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 these
                 Spirits
                 which
                 pierce
                 and
                 gnaw
                 the
                 flesh
                 on
                 which
                 these
                 Crystals
                 are
                 applied
                 ,
                 when
                 an
                 Eschar
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 likewise
                 they
                 which
                 cause
                 that
                 Fermentation
                 of
                 humours
                 by
                 which
                 they
                 purge
                 ,
                 when
                 these
                 Crystals
                 are
                 given
                 inwardly
                 .
                 The
                 Liquor
                 in
                 which
                 they
                 are
                 dissolved
                 to
                 be
                 taken
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 moisture
                 of
                 the
                 Stomach
                 do
                 serve
                 to
                 correct
                 their
                 acrimony
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 have
                 a
                 mind
                 to
                 revive
                 these
                 Crystals
                 into
                 Silver
                 again
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 only
                 put
                 them
                 into
                 hot
                 Water
                 ,
                 and
                 lay
                 therein
                 a
                 plate
                 of
                 Copper
                 .
                 They
                 will
                 then
                 dissolve
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Silver
                 precipitate
                 to
                 the
                 bottom
                 in
                 a
                 White
                 powder
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 washed
                 and
                 dried
                 ;
                 afterwards
                 melting
                 it
                 in
                 a
                 Crucible
                 with
                 a
                 little
                 Salt-peter
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 return
                 into
                 Ingots
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 weight
                 as
                 before
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               Infernal
               Stone
               ,
               or
               perpetual
               Caustick
               .
            
             
               The
               
                 Infernal
                 stone
              
               is
               a
               Silver
               rendred
               Caustick
               by
               the
               Salts
               of
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Niter
              
               .
            
             
               Dissolve
               in
               a
               Viol
               what
               quantity
               of
               Silver
               you
               please
               ,
               with
               three
               times
               as
               much
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Niter
              
               ;
               set
               your
               Viol
               in
               a
               Sand
               fire
               ,
               and
               evaporate
               about
               two
               thirds
               of
               the
               moisture
               ;
               pour
               the
               rest
               as
               it
               is
               hot
               into
               a
               good
               German
               Crucible
               ,
               that
               must
               be
               large
               enough
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               Ebullitions
               that
               are
               made
               in
               it
               .
               Place
               it
               over
               a
               gentle
               fire
               ,
               and
               let
               it
               alone
               till
               the
               boiling
               matter
               sinks
               quietly
               to
               the
               bottom
               of
               the
               Crucible
               .
               Then
               encrease
               your
               fire
               a
               little
               ,
               and
               it
               will
               come
               to
               be
               like
               Oyl
               :
               pour
               it
               out
               into
               an
               Iron
               mould
               a
               little
               oil'd
               and
               heated
               ,
               it
               will
               presently
               coagulate
               or
               harden
               ;
               after
               which
               you
               may
               keep
               it
               in
               a
               Viol
               well
               stopt
               .
               It
               is
               a
               Caustick
               that
               will
               remain
               for
               ever
               ,
               provided
               you
               don
               't
               let
               it
               be
               expos'd
               to
               the
               Air.
               This
               Stone
               may
               be
               made
               of
               Copper
               instead
               of
               Silver
               ,
               but
               will
               not
               keep
               so
               well
               ;
               because
               the
               Copper
               being
               very
               porous
               doth
               suffer
               the
               Air
               to
               enter
               easily
               and
               dissolve
               it
               .
            
             
               If
               you
               use
               an
               ounce
               of
               Silver
               ,
               you
               'l
               obtain
               an
               ounce
               and
               five
               drachms
               of
               the
               
                 Infernal
                 stone
              
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Effect
                 of
                 this
                 Stone
                 proceeds
                 from
                 the
                 Corrosive
                 
                   Spirits
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 ,
                 which
                 do
                 remain
                 incorporated
                 with
                 the
                 Silver
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 more
                 Caustick
                 than
                 the
                 Crystals
                 I
                 now
                 spoke
                 of
                 ,
                 though
                 compounded
                 
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 ingredients
                 .
                 The
                 reason
                 of
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 Evaporation
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 ,
                 the
                 sharpest
                 part
                 remains
                 at
                 last
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 which
                 gives
                 this
                 strength
                 to
                 the
                 
                   Infernal
                   stone
                
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 the
                 Crystal
                 there
                 's
                 a
                 much
                 weaker
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 impregnated
                 with
                 watry
                 parts
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 you
                 boil
                 the
                 solution
                 of
                 Silver
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 take
                 care
                 to
                 keep
                 but
                 a
                 gentle
                 fire
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 matter
                 easily
                 rarifies
                 ,
                 and
                 rises
                 over
                 into
                 the
                 fire
                 ;
                 or
                 else
                 it
                 spirts
                 some
                 drops
                 upon
                 the
                 hand
                 of
                 the
                 Artist
                 ,
                 which
                 make
                 it
                 smart
                 grievously
                 ,
                 and
                 fetches
                 off
                 the
                 skin
                 ,
                 because
                 this
                 liquor
                 is
                 not
                 only
                 very
                 corrosive
                 in
                 it self
                 ,
                 but
                 has
                 the
                 assistance
                 of
                 fire
                 to
                 make
                 it
                 the
                 more
                 burning
                 .
                 You
                 must
                 likewise
                 often
                 cast
                 your
                 eye
                 into
                 the
                 Crucible
                 ,
                 especially
                 towards
                 the
                 end
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 matter
                 is
                 observed
                 to
                 cease
                 boiling
                 ,
                 and
                 gets
                 the
                 form
                 of
                 an
                 Oyl
                 ,
                 you
                 be
                 ready
                 to
                 cast
                 it
                 into
                 the
                 mould
                 ,
                 for
                 if
                 you
                 should
                 then
                 leave
                 it
                 longer
                 in
                 the
                 fire
                 ,
                 the
                 strongest
                 Spirits
                 would
                 evaporate
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 stone
                 would
                 not
                 be
                 so
                 corrosive
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 would
                 melt
                 the
                 Crystals
                 of
                 the
                 Moon
                 in
                 a
                 Crucible
                 ,
                 and
                 boil
                 the
                 Liquor
                 till
                 it
                 come
                 into
                 the
                 consistence
                 of
                 Oyl
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 cast
                 it
                 into
                 the
                 Iron
                 mould
                 ,
                 you
                 would
                 have
                 an
                 
                   Infernal
                   stone
                
                 like
                 this
                 I
                 have
                 described
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 
                   Plate
                   silver
                
                 is
                 used
                 to
                 the
                 making
                 the
                 
                   Infernal
                   stone
                
                 ,
                 an
                 ounce
                 of
                 Silver
                 gains
                 but
                 three
                 drachms
                 in
                 augmentation
                 ,
                 but
                 using
                 fine
                 Coppel-silver
                 ,
                 you
                 'l
                 get
                 five
                 drachms
                 .
                 This
                 augmentation
                 of
                 weight
                 does
                 proceed
                 from
                 the
                 sharp
                 acids
                 of
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 ,
                 adhering
                 to
                 the
                 body
                 of
                 silver
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 difference
                 of
                 the
                 increase
                 lies
                 in
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Coppel-silver
                 having
                 narrower
                 pores
                 than
                 the
                 
                 other
                 does
                 retain
                 the
                 acids
                 better
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 stone
                 is
                 thereby
                 the
                 stronger
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 found
                 by
                 experience
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Tincture
               of
               the
               Moon
               .
            
             
               The
               Tincture
               of
               the
               Moon
               is
               a
               dissolution
               of
               some
               of
               the
               more
               rarified
               parts
               of
               Silver
               made
               in
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Wine
              
               whetted
               by
               Alkali
               salts
               .
            
             
               Dissolve
               in
               a
               Matrass
               upon
               Sand
               a
               little
               warm
               two
               ounces
               of
               Silver
               with
               six
               ounces
               of
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Niter
              
               .
               Pour
               the
               dissolution
               into
               a
               Cucurbit
               ,
               or
               other
               Glass-vessel
               ,
               wherein
               you
               shall
               have
               put
               a
               quart
               of
               Salt-water
               well
               Filter'd
               ,
               the
               Silver
               will
               presently
               precipitate
               in
               a
               very
               white
               powder
               .
               Let
               it
               lye
               a
               while
               that
               all
               the
               Powder
               may
               fall
               ,
               and
               then
               pour
               off
               the
               water
               by
               Inclination
               .
               Wash
               your
               Powder
               several
               times
               with
               Fountain-water
               to
               take
               away
               the
               Acrimony
               of
               the
               Salts
               :
               dry
               it
               upon
               paper
               ,
               and
               put
               it
               into
               a
               Matrass
               .
               Pour
               upon
               it
               an
               Ounce
               of
               the
               Volatile
               Salt
               of
               Urine
               ,
               and
               four
               and
               twenty
               Ounces
               of
               the
               Spirit
               of
               Wine
               Rectified
               with
               the
               
                 Salt
                 of
                 Tartar
              
               ,
               after
               the
               manner
               I
               shall
               shew
               hereafter
               .
               Stop
               this
               Matrass
               with
               another
               :
               that
               is
               to
               say
               ,
               let
               the
               mouth
               of
               the
               one
               enter
               into
               the
               neck
               of
               the
               other
               ,
               and
               this
               is
               that
               which
               is
               called
               a
               Double-Vessel
               .
               Lute
               well
               the
               junctures
               with
               a
               wet
               bladder
               ,
               and
               digest
               the
               Matter
               in
               horse-dung
               ,
               or
               some
               such
               gentle
               heat
               ,
               for
               a
               Fortnight
               ,
               during
               which
               time
               the
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Wine
              
               will
               have
               got
               a
               bright
               Sky-colour
               .
               Unlute
               your
               Matrass
               ,
               and
               Filtrate
               the
               Liquor
               through
               a
               Coffin
               of
               Brown
               paper
               ,
               and
               so
               keep
               it
               in
               a
               Viol
               well
               stopt
               .
               
               You
               may
               use
               this
               Tincture
               for
               the
               Epilepsie
               ,
               Palsie
               ,
               Apoplexy
               ,
               and
               other
               diseases
               of
               the
               Head.
               It
               is
               also
               used
               in
               Malignant
               Feavers
               ,
               and
               all
               other
               Diseases
               wherein
               it
               is
               requisite
               to
               drive
               out
               the
               humours
               by
               Perspiration
               .
               The
               Dose
               is
               from
               six
               to
               sixteen
               drops
               in
               a
               convenient
               Vehicle
               .
            
             
               There
               will
               remain
               at
               the
               bottom
               of
               the
               Matrass
               a
               Calx
               of
               Silver
               that
               may
               again
               be
               revived
               by
               means
               of
               the
               following
               Salts
               .
            
             
               Take
               Eight
               ounces
               of
               Niter
               ,
               Two
               ounces
               of
               Crystal
               powdered
               according
               as
               I
               shall
               shew
               hereafter
               ,
               so
               much
               Tartar
               ,
               and
               half
               an
               ounce
               of
               coals
               ;
               Powder
               them
               all
               ,
               and
               put
               it
               by
               little
               and
               little
               into
               a
               Crucible
               heated
               red-hot
               ,
               a
               great
               Detonation
               will
               happen
               ,
               after
               which
               you
               'l
               find
               the
               matter
               melted
               ,
               pour
               it
               into
               a
               warm
               Mortar
               ,
               and
               let
               it
               cool
               ,
               you
               'l
               have
               a
               Mass
               that
               you
               must
               powder
               ,
               and
               mix
               an
               equal
               weight
               of
               it
               with
               so
               much
               Calx
               of
               Silver
               .
               Melt
               this
               mixture
               in
               a
               Crucible
               over
               a
               strong
               fire
               ,
               and
               the
               Calx
               will
               revive
               into
               Silver
               :
               take
               your
               Crucible
               out
               of
               the
               fire
               ,
               and
               break
               it
               when
               it
               is
               cold
               ,
               then
               separate
               your
               Silver
               from
               the
               salts
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Operation
                 seems
                 at
                 first
                 to
                 favour
                 the
                 opinion
                 of
                 those
                 who
                 hold
                 there
                 can
                 be
                 a
                 separation
                 of
                 the
                 Principles
                 of
                 Silver
                 :
                 for
                 ,
                 say
                 they
                 ,
                 what
                 is
                 it
                 can
                 give
                 this
                 blue
                 colour
                 ,
                 after
                 that
                 the
                 Silver
                 hath
                 been
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 digested
                 with
                 the
                 Volatile
                 Salt
                 of
                 Urine
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 
                   spirit
                   of
                   Wine
                   Alcoholized
                
                 ,
                 but
                 an
                 inward
                 sulphur
                 of
                 the
                 Silver
                 that
                 
                 separates
                 from
                 it
                 by
                 the
                 means
                 of
                 this
                 sulphureous
                 Liquor
                 ,
                 and
                 mixes
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 much
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 as
                 we
                 find
                 these
                 sorts
                 of
                 Menstruums
                 usually
                 dissolve
                 the
                 sulphur
                 of
                 Vegetables
                 ,
                 Animals
                 ,
                 and
                 Minerals
                 ,
                 and
                 let
                 alone
                 their
                 terrestrious
                 and
                 saline
                 parts
                 ?
                 But
                 when
                 we
                 consider
                 this
                 Tincture
                 a
                 little
                 nearer
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 find
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 nothing
                 but
                 a
                 dissolution
                 of
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Silver
                 it self
                 ,
                 that
                 hath
                 been
                 volatilized
                 by
                 the
                 salt
                 of
                 Urine
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 united
                 with
                 the
                 spirit
                 of
                 Wine
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 if
                 you
                 draw
                 off
                 ,
                 or
                 revive
                 this
                 dissolved
                 Silver
                 ,
                 there
                 will
                 remain
                 no
                 longer
                 a
                 Tincture
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 is
                 the
                 way
                 for
                 you
                 to
                 do
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 Pour
                 your
                 Tincture
                 of
                 the
                 Moon
                 into
                 a
                 Glass
                 Body
                 ,
                 cover
                 it
                 with
                 its
                 head
                 ,
                 and
                 fit
                 a
                 Receiver
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 lute
                 the
                 junctures
                 close
                 ,
                 and
                 distil
                 in
                 a
                 Vaporous
                 Bath
                 ,
                 about
                 half
                 the
                 moisture
                 ,
                 and
                 you
                 'l
                 have
                 a
                 Liquor
                 as
                 clear
                 as
                 spirit
                 of
                 Wine
                 .
                 Put
                 your
                 Cucurbit
                 into
                 a
                 cool
                 place
                 ,
                 and
                 leave
                 it
                 there
                 two
                 days
                 without
                 stirring
                 it
                 ,
                 you
                 'l
                 find
                 little
                 Crystals
                 on
                 the
                 sides
                 ,
                 pour
                 off
                 the
                 Liquor
                 gently
                 ,
                 which
                 hath
                 now
                 lost
                 much
                 of
                 its
                 Sky-colour
                 .
                 Gather
                 your
                 Crystals
                 ,
                 and
                 continue
                 to
                 distil
                 and
                 crystalize
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Liquor
                 ,
                 till
                 you
                 have
                 recovered
                 all
                 that
                 is
                 in
                 it
                 .
                 Mix
                 all
                 your
                 Crystals
                 ,
                 dry
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 weigh
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 you
                 have
                 half
                 an
                 ounce
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 powder
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 mix
                 them
                 with
                 six
                 drachms
                 of
                 the
                 matter
                 I
                 described
                 for
                 reviving
                 the
                 Calx
                 of
                 Silver
                 remaining
                 in
                 the
                 Matrass
                 :
                 put
                 this
                 mixture
                 into
                 a
                 Crucible
                 ,
                 and
                 covering
                 it
                 with
                 a
                 tile
                 ,
                 light
                 a
                 strong
                 fire
                 about
                 it
                 ,
                 to
                 put
                 the
                 matter
                 into
                 fusion
                 ;
                 then
                 taking
                 it
                 off
                 the
                 fire
                 ,
                 and
                 letting
                 it
                 cool
                 ,
                 break
                 the
                 Crucible
                 ,
                 you
                 'l
                 find
                 the
                 Silver
                 at
                 the
                 bottom
                 ,
                 which
                 will
                 be
                 fit
                 for
                 the
                 same
                 
                 Operation
                 again
                 ,
                 when
                 you
                 please
                 .
                 Note
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Liquor
                 which
                 was
                 drawn
                 by
                 Distillation
                 ,
                 is
                 as
                 clear
                 as
                 common
                 water
                 :
                 wherefore
                 I
                 conclude
                 that
                 the
                 Colour
                 did
                 consist
                 in
                 the
                 dissolution
                 of
                 Silver
                 it self
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 of
                 its
                 sulphurs
                 ,
                 as
                 some
                 have
                 thought
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 must
                 cut
                 the
                 Silver
                 into
                 little
                 pieces
                 or
                 plates
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 dissolve
                 the
                 more
                 easily
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Salt-water
                 must
                 be
                 made
                 of
                 an
                 ounce
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 of
                 Salt
                 dissolved
                 in
                 a
                 quart
                 of
                 water
                 :
                 this
                 salt
                 precipitates
                 the
                 Silver
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 engages
                 the
                 points
                 of
                 the
                 dissolvent
                 ,
                 and
                 shaking
                 them
                 violently
                 about
                 makes
                 them
                 let
                 go
                 the
                 hold
                 they
                 had
                 with
                 other
                 bodies
                 .
                 I
                 shall
                 speak
                 more
                 at
                 large
                 concerning
                 these
                 kinds
                 of
                 Precipitations
                 in
                 the
                 Remarks
                 which
                 I
                 shall
                 make
                 upon
                 White
                 Precipitate
                 ,
                 and
                 shall
                 then
                 explicate
                 the
                 reason
                 why
                 Sea-salt
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 an
                 acid
                 does
                 precipitate
                 that
                 which
                 another
                 acid
                 had
                 dissolved
                 .
                 I
                 shall
                 likewise
                 answer
                 the
                 objections
                 which
                 have
                 been
                 raised
                 on
                 this
                 subject
                 .
              
               
                 Silver
                 may
                 be
                 also
                 precipitated
                 by
                 means
                 of
                 a
                 Copper-plate
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 said
                 already
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 very
                 indifferent
                 which
                 way
                 you
                 please
                 to
                 Precipitate
                 it
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 is
                 done
                 for
                 no
                 other
                 end
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 reduce
                 the
                 Silver
                 into
                 a
                 very
                 fine
                 powder
                 ,
                 for
                 an
                 easier
                 dissolution
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Precipitate
                 of
                 Silver
                 made
                 with
                 salt
                 ,
                 or
                 Copper
                 ,
                 waxes
                 brown
                 in
                 the
                 drying
                 ,
                 and
                 though
                 dried
                 in
                 the
                 shade
                 ,
                 which
                 doubtless
                 is
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 some
                 small
                 proportion
                 of
                 Copper
                 that
                 it
                 contains
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 have
                 dissolved
                 an
                 ounce
                 of
                 Coppel-silver
                 ,
                 and
                 precipitate
                 it
                 with
                 Salt
                 or
                 Copper
                 ,
                 you
                 'l
                 draw
                 an
                 ounce
                 and
                 three
                 drachms
                 of
                 Precipitate
                 well
                 washt
                 and
                 dried
                 ;
                 this
                 augmentation
                 does
                 proceed
                 
                 from
                 a
                 remainder
                 of
                 the
                 points
                 which
                 were
                 broken
                 in
                 pieces
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 do
                 still
                 remain
                 in
                 the
                 pores
                 of
                 the
                 metal
                 ;
                 for
                 these
                 pores
                 being
                 very
                 small
                 ,
                 they
                 do
                 but
                 hardly
                 let
                 go
                 what
                 they
                 have
                 received
                 into
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 no
                 need
                 of
                 distilling
                 a
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Liquor
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Tincture
                 may
                 be
                 the
                 stronger
                 ,
                 as
                 some
                 have
                 presumed
                 to
                 write
                 :
                 for
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 it
                 causes
                 a
                 Crystallization
                 ,
                 which
                 diminishes
                 both
                 its
                 colour
                 and
                 strength
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 reason
                 I
                 have
                 given
                 before
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 effect
                 of
                 this
                 Tincture
                 for
                 Diseases
                 must
                 rather
                 be
                 attributed
                 to
                 the
                 Salt
                 of
                 Urine
                 ,
                 and
                 spirit
                 of
                 Wine
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 the
                 Silver
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 only
                 able
                 to
                 fly
                 into
                 the
                 Head
                 ,
                 and
                 open
                 obstructions
                 there
                 ,
                 but
                 assisted
                 with
                 the
                 Natural
                 heat
                 do
                 open
                 the
                 pores
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 and
                 drive
                 out
                 ill
                 humours
                 by
                 transpiration
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 portion
                 of
                 Silver
                 which
                 remains
                 at
                 the
                 bottom
                 of
                 the
                 Matrass
                 being
                 impregnated
                 with
                 volatile
                 parts
                 would
                 fly
                 into
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 were
                 melted
                 alone
                 without
                 the
                 addition
                 of
                 something
                 else
                 ;
                 wherefore
                 the
                 abovementioned
                 matter
                 is
                 added
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 that
                 being
                 of
                 a
                 very
                 fixt
                 nature
                 may
                 weigh
                 it
                 down
                 ,
                 and
                 hinder
                 it
                 from
                 flying
                 away
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Diana's
               Tree
               .
            
             
               Take
               an
               ounce
               of
               Silver
               ,
               and
               dissolve
               it
               in
               three
               ounces
               of
               spirit
               of
               Niter
               ,
               pour
               your
               dissolution
               into
               a
               Matrass
               ,
               wherein
               you
               shall
               have
               put
               eighteen
               or
               twenty
               ounces
               of
               water
               ,
               and
               two
               ounces
               of
               Quick-silver
               .
               Your
               Matrass
               must
               be
               fill'd
               up
               
               to
               the
               neck
               ;
               let
               it
               lye
               still
               upon
               a
               little
               round
               of
               straw
               in
               some
               convenient
               place
               for
               forty
               days
               together
               ,
               during
               which
               time
               you
               'l
               find
               a
               Tree
               spread
               forth
               its
               branches
               ,
               and
               little
               balls
               at
               the
               end
               ,
               which
               represent
               their
               fruit
               .
            
             
               This
               Operation
               is
               of
               no
               use
               at
               all
               in
               Physick
               ,
               I
               have
               here
               described
               it
               only
               to
               please
               the
               Curious
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 branches
                 do
                 proceed
                 from
                 the
                 spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 incorporated
                 with
                 the
                 Silver
                 and
                 Mercury
                 do
                 form
                 divers
                 Figures
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 room
                 and
                 moisture
                 it
                 hath
                 to
                 expatiate
                 it self
                 in
                 .
                 For
                 if
                 you
                 should
                 put
                 to
                 it
                 but
                 ten
                 or
                 twelve
                 ounces
                 of
                 water
                 ,
                 nothing
                 but
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Crystals
                 in
                 great
                 confusion
                 would
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 appear
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 if
                 you
                 should
                 use
                 too
                 much
                 water
                 ,
                 nothing
                 would
                 then
                 be
                 seen
                 besides
                 a
                 little
                 precipitated
                 powder
                 .
                 You
                 must
                 let
                 the
                 mixture
                 lye
                 still
                 for
                 forty
                 days
                 together
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 being
                 very
                 much
                 weakned
                 by
                 common
                 water
                 is
                 able
                 to
                 work
                 but
                 very
                 slowly
                 .
                 If
                 the
                 matter
                 should
                 happen
                 to
                 be
                 removed
                 ,
                 the
                 figure
                 would
                 quickly
                 fall
                 into
                 confusion
                 ,
                 but
                 would
                 recover
                 it self
                 again
                 ,
                 if
                 you
                 let
                 it
                 lye
                 still
                 long
                 enough
                 .
                 This
                 Preparation
                 is
                 best
                 performed
                 in
                 a
                 cool
                 place
                 ,
                 being
                 properly
                 a
                 Crystallization
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Operation
                 may
                 be
                 fitly
                 compared
                 with
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 Generation
                 and
                 Nourishment
                 of
                 Plants
                 in
                 the
                 Earth
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 the
                 seed
                 abounds
                 with
                 too
                 much
                 moisture
                 ,
                 the
                 spirits
                 which
                 serve
                 to
                 ferment
                 and
                 dilate
                 its
                 parts
                 ,
                 will
                 be
                 rendred
                 so
                 weak
                 ,
                 as
                 
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 act
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 nothing
                 can
                 be
                 produced
                 ;
                 if
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 there
                 should
                 prove
                 too
                 little
                 moisture
                 ,
                 the
                 spirits
                 not
                 finding
                 room
                 enough
                 to
                 expatiate
                 in
                 ,
                 would
                 either
                 continue
                 imprisoned
                 or
                 evaporate
                 into
                 Air
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 be
                 ineffectual
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 there
                 happens
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 fit
                 proportion
                 of
                 water
                 in
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 then
                 the
                 spirits
                 gently
                 moving
                 about
                 do
                 insensibly
                 expatiate
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 do
                 rarifie
                 and
                 sublime
                 along
                 with
                 them
                 the
                 substance
                 of
                 the
                 seed
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 Vegetation
                 doth
                 proceed
                 .
                 But
                 to
                 return
                 unto
                 our
                 Operation
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 should
                 desire
                 to
                 separate
                 the
                 Silver
                 from
                 the
                 Mercury
                 ,
                 shake
                 the
                 whole
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 poured
                 it
                 out
                 into
                 an
                 earthen
                 Vessel
                 ,
                 make
                 it
                 boil
                 for
                 half
                 a
                 quarter
                 of
                 an
                 hour
                 ,
                 then
                 let
                 it
                 cool
                 a
                 little
                 ,
                 till
                 it
                 becomes
                 little
                 more
                 than
                 luke-warm
                 ;
                 pour
                 upon
                 it
                 a
                 quart
                 of
                 water
                 by
                 little
                 and
                 little
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 you
                 have
                 dissolved
                 two
                 ounces
                 of
                 Sea-salt
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 white
                 Precipitate
                 will
                 fall
                 down
                 ;
                 pour
                 off
                 the
                 water
                 by
                 Inclination
                 ,
                 and
                 dry
                 the
                 Powder
                 .
                 Then
                 put
                 it
                 in
                 a
                 Retort
                 placed
                 in
                 a
                 Sand-furnace
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 fitted
                 to
                 it
                 a
                 Receiver
                 fill'd
                 with
                 water
                 ,
                 give
                 a
                 small
                 fire
                 at
                 first
                 ,
                 then
                 encrease
                 it
                 by
                 degrees
                 till
                 the
                 Retort
                 grows
                 red-hot
                 ,
                 and
                 your
                 Quick-silver
                 will
                 distil
                 drop
                 by
                 drop
                 into
                 the
                 water
                 ;
                 continue
                 the
                 fire
                 till
                 nothing
                 more
                 will
                 distil
                 ;
                 let
                 the
                 Vessels
                 cool
                 ;
                 pour
                 the
                 water
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Receiver
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 washt
                 the
                 Mercury
                 ,
                 dry
                 it
                 with
                 linnen
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 crum
                 of
                 bread
                 ,
                 and
                 keep
                 it
                 for
                 use
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 'l
                 find
                 your
                 Silver
                 in
                 the
                 Retort
                 ,
                 which
                 you
                 may
                 reduce
                 into
                 an
                 Ingot
                 ,
                 by
                 melting
                 it
                 in
                 a
                 Crucible
                 with
                 a
                 little
                 Salt-peter
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Circular
                 fire
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             III.
             
               Of
               Tinn
            
             .
          
           
             TInn
             is
             a
             Metal
             that
             comes
             near
             unto
             Silver
             in
             colour
             ,
             but
             differs
             very
             much
             ,
             in
             the
             figure
             of
             its
             Pores
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             solidity
             and
             weight
             .
             The
             name
             of
             the
             Planet
             Jupiter
             is
             given
             unto
             it
             ,
             and
             it
             is
             thought
             to
             receive
             its
             particular
             Influence
             from
             it
             .
             It
             is
             a
             malleable
             substance
             ,
             and
             very
             easie
             to
             put
             into
             Fusion
             .
             It
             will
             not
             all
             of
             it
             quite
             dissolve
             in
             
               Aqua
               Fortis
            
             ,
             as
             some
             have
             affirmed
             ,
             but
             some
             part
             will
             remain
             undissolved
             ,
             which
             shews
             it
             is
             compounded
             of
             different
             parts
             ,
             and
             that
             its
             Pores
             are
             of
             a
             different
             figure
             .
             A
             virtue
             hath
             been
             attributed
             to
             it
             against
             the
             Diseases
             of
             the
             Liver
             and
             Matrix
             ,
             but
             this
             quality
             is
             only
             imaginary
             ,
             experience
             in
             no
             wise
             evincing
             the
             truth
             of
             it
             .
          
           
             
               Pulverization
               of
               Tinn
               .
            
             
               Tinn
               being
               of
               a
               malleable
               nature
               ,
               cannot
               be
               reduced
               into
               a
               Powder
               after
               the
               usual
               ways
               of
               powdring
               .
               Therefore
               I
               'le
               give
               you
               a
               method
               how
               to
               do
               it
               easily
               enough
               .
            
             
               Melt
               in
               a
               Crucible
               what
               quantity
               of
               Tinn
               you
               think
               fit
               ,
               and
               cast
               it
               into
               a
               round
               wooden
               box
               ,
               that
               has
               been
               rubb'd
               within
               on
               all
               sides
               with
               a
               
               piece
               of
               chalk
               ,
               enough
               to
               whiten
               it
               ,
               cover
               this
               box
               ,
               and
               presently
               shake
               it
               about
               ,
               until
               your
               Tinn
               is
               become
               cold
               ,
               and
               so
               you
               'l
               find
               it
               converted
               into
               a
               gray
               powder
               .
            
             
               Lead
               may
               be
               Pulverized
               after
               the
               same
               manner
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 wooden
                 box
                 must
                 be
                 round
                 ,
                 because
                 that
                 figure
                 is
                 the
                 most
                 proper
                 to
                 shake
                 a
                 thing
                 in
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 clefts
                 of
                 the
                 box
                 must
                 be
                 joyned
                 together
                 as
                 close
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 ;
                 and
                 but
                 little
                 of
                 the
                 Tinn
                 must
                 be
                 put
                 into
                 the
                 box
                 at
                 a
                 time
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 parts
                 may
                 be
                 the
                 better
                 able
                 to
                 separate
                 and
                 fall
                 into
                 a
                 powder
                 ,
                 by
                 means
                 of
                 the
                 motion
                 or
                 agitation
                 .
                 Indeed
                 the
                 thing
                 may
                 be
                 done
                 without
                 rubbing
                 the
                 box
                 with
                 chalk
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 the
                 melted
                 Tinn
                 is
                 hindred
                 from
                 burning
                 the
                 box
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 otherwise
                 would
                 .
                 Now
                 though
                 this
                 Operation
                 may
                 seem
                 to
                 be
                 of
                 no
                 great
                 use
                 ,
                 nevertheless
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 found
                 to
                 be
                 of
                 very
                 good
                 use
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 prepare
                 several
                 Operations
                 upon
                 Tinn
                 .
                 For
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 it
                 will
                 easily
                 mix
                 with
                 Salts
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 matters
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Calcination
               of
               Tinn
               .
            
             
               To
               
                 Calcine
                 Tinn
              
               is
               to
               reduce
               it
               into
               the
               form
               of
               a
               Calx
               ,
               by
               the
               means
               of
               fire
               .
            
             
               Put
               Tinn
               into
               a
               large
               earthen
               Pan
               unglazed
               ,
               place
               it
               in
               a
               Circular
               fire
               ,
               the
               Tinn
               will
               melt
               .
               Stir
               it
               with
               a
               Spatule
               ,
               until
               it
               is
               reduced
               into
               Powder
               ;
               
               continue
               a
               great
               fire
               to
               it
               36
               hours
               ,
               and
               stir
               it
               from
               time
               to
               time
               ,
               then
               take
               it
               off
               the
               fire
               and
               let
               it
               cool
               ,
               and
               you
               'l
               have
               a
               Calx
               of
               Tinn
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 use
                 an
                 unglazed
                 earthen
                 vessel
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Lead
                 which
                 makes
                 the
                 varnish
                 might
                 mix
                 with
                 the
                 Tinn
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 hinder
                 the
                 purity
                 of
                 it
                 ;
                 a
                 Pan
                 is
                 the
                 figure
                 that
                 's
                 proper
                 for
                 this
                 Calcination
                 ,
                 for
                 being
                 able
                 hereby
                 to
                 spread
                 the
                 matter
                 about
                 with
                 a
                 Spatule
                 ,
                 it
                 s
                 Sulphurs
                 fly
                 away
                 the
                 more
                 easily
                 ;
                 insomuch
                 that
                 Tinn
                 may
                 be
                 as
                 well
                 Calcined
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 vessel
                 in
                 six
                 and
                 thirty
                 hours
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 four
                 days
                 time
                 in
                 a
                 Crucible
                 ;
                 the
                 stirring
                 it
                 does
                 likewise
                 serve
                 to
                 drive
                 out
                 the
                 Sulphur
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Salt
               of
               Jupiter
               of
               Tinn
               .
            
             
               This
               Operation
               is
               a
               Tinn
               penetrated
               by
               acids
               ,
               and
               reduced
               into
               the
               form
               of
               Salt.
               
            
             
               Take
               two
               pounds
               of
               
                 Calcined
                 Tinn
              
               ,
               put
               it
               into
               a
               Matrass
               ,
               and
               pouring
               upon
               it
               distilled
               Vinegar
               to
               the
               height
               of
               four
               fingers
               ,
               set
               it
               a
               digesting
               in
               Sand
               ,
               for
               two
               or
               three
               days
               ,
               shaking
               the
               vessel
               from
               time
               to
               time
               ;
               afterwards
               pour
               off
               the
               liquor
               by
               inclination
               ,
               and
               adding
               more
               distilled
               Vinegar
               to
               the
               matter
               remaining
               ,
               digest
               it
               as
               before
               ,
               decant
               the
               liquor
               ,
               and
               repeat
               the
               adding
               new
               distilled
               Vinegar
               ,
               and
               digesting
               it
               ,
               three
               or
               four
               times
               more
               :
               then
               Filtrate
               all
               these
               impregnations
               and
               evaporate
               them
               in
               a
               glass
               Body
               in
               Sand
               to
               the
               
               consumption
               of
               three
               quarters
               of
               the
               liquor
               ,
               let
               the
               remainder
               cool
               ,
               and
               then
               remove
               the
               Body
               ,
               without
               shaking
               it
               ,
               into
               a
               Celler
               ,
               or
               such
               like
               cold
               place
               ,
               to
               lye
               still
               three
               or
               four
               days
               ,
               and
               you
               'l
               find
               Crystals
               formed
               on
               the
               sides
               of
               the
               Body
               ;
               separate
               them
               from
               the
               liquor
               ,
               and
               evaporate
               some
               more
               of
               it
               ,
               put
               that
               which
               remains
               into
               a
               Celler
               as
               before
               ,
               and
               you
               'l
               find
               new
               Crystals
               ;
               continue
               these
               evaporations
               and
               crystallizations
               ;
               until
               you
               have
               drawn
               all
               your
               Salt
               of
               Tinn
               ,
               which
               you
               must
               dry
               in
               the
               Sun
               ,
               and
               keep
               in
               a
               Viol.
               This
               Salt
               is
               desiccative
               ,
               when
               mixed
               in
               Pomatums
               ;
               it
               may
               also
               serve
               for
               Tettars
               .
            
             
               Those
               who
               do
               not
               concern
               themselves
               to
               have
               this
               Salt
               in
               Crystals
               may
               evaporate
               all
               the
               moisture
               of
               this
               dissolution
               ,
               over
               a
               small
               fire
               ,
               and
               they
               will
               have
               a
               Salt
               remain
               to
               them
               as
               good
               as
               the
               first
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Salt
                 is
                 only
                 compounded
                 of
                 the
                 acid
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Vinegar
                 ,
                 incorporated
                 into
                 the
                 Tinn
                 after
                 the
                 resemblance
                 of
                 Salt
                 ,
                 but
                 if
                 you
                 should
                 destroy
                 these
                 acids
                 ,
                 the
                 Tinn
                 would
                 resume
                 its
                 former
                 shape
                 .
                 I
                 shall
                 shew
                 the
                 way
                 of
                 this
                 Revivification
                 ,
                 when
                 I
                 shall
                 treat
                 of
                 Salt
                 of
                 Saturn
                 ,
                 both
                 being
                 performed
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 the
                 Calx
                 of
                 Tinn
                 had
                 not
                 been
                 well
                 Calcined
                 ,
                 and
                 dispossest
                 of
                 some
                 quantity
                 of
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 the
                 acidity
                 of
                 the
                 Vinegar
                 would
                 never
                 have
                 been
                 able
                 to
                 dissolve
                 it
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 would
                 have
                 been
                 presently
                 shockt
                 in
                 the
                 supple
                 yielding
                 parts
                 of
                 
                 the
                 Sulphur
                 without
                 a
                 capacity
                 of
                 acting
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 an
                 acid
                 may
                 be
                 capable
                 of
                 dissolving
                 a
                 body
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 requisite
                 that
                 the
                 pores
                 be
                 fitly
                 disposed
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 preserve
                 its
                 motion
                 some
                 time
                 in
                 which
                 it
                 may
                 make
                 its
                 jostles
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 may
                 separate
                 one
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 impregnation
                 of
                 the
                 Calx
                 of
                 Tinn
                 ,
                 and
                 pour
                 upon
                 it
                 the
                 Oil
                 of
                 Tartar
                 
                   per
                   deliquium
                
                 ,
                 and
                 you
                 'l
                 have
                 a
                 Magistery
                 of
                 Tinn
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Oil
                 of
                 Tartar
                 which
                 is
                 an
                 Alkali
                 destroys
                 the
                 acid
                 which
                 kept
                 up
                 the
                 Tinn
                 dissolved
                 ,
                 and
                 forces
                 it
                 to
                 let
                 go
                 its
                 hold
                 ;
                 you
                 must
                 wash
                 this
                 Magistery
                 ,
                 and
                 dry
                 it
                 ,
                 it
                 serves
                 for
                 the
                 same
                 uses
                 as
                 that
                 which
                 I
                 shall
                 describe
                 hereafter
                 ,
                 but
                 there
                 is
                 but
                 little
                 Magistery
                 got
                 by
                 this
                 preparation
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 a
                 man
                 would
                 persist
                 to
                 Calcine
                 the
                 Calx
                 remaining
                 in
                 the
                 Bolt-head
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 more
                 Vinegar
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 at
                 last
                 all
                 dissolve
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Operation
                 would
                 be
                 too
                 tedious
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Sublimation
               of
               Tinn
               .
            
             
               To
               Sublime
               Tinn
               is
               to
               raise
               and
               Volatilize
               it
               by
               means
               of
               a
               Volatile
               Salt.
               
            
             
               Take
               one
               part
               of
               Tinn
               ,
               and
               two
               parts
               of
               
                 Sal
                 Armoniack
              
               in
               Powder
               :
               mix
               them
               well
               together
               ,
               and
               put
               your
               mixture
               into
               a
               strong
               earthen
               Cucurbite
               ,
               that
               is
               able
               to
               endure
               the
               fire
               ,
               and
               whose
               two
               thirds
               at
               least
               do
               remain
               empty
               ;
               fit
               unto
               it
               a
               blind
               Head
               ,
               lute
               the
               conjunctions
               exactly
               well
               ,
               and
               place
               your
               Vessel
               on
               the
               grate
               in
               a
               small
               Furnace
               with
               an
               open
               fire
               ,
               but
               only
               open
               so
               as
               that
               the
               fire
               can
               pass
               through
               the
               Registers
               ,
               and
               for
               
               ●hat
               end
               you
               must
               stop
               up
               the
               top
               of
               the
               Furnace
               with
               Bricks
               and
               Lute
               ,
               leaving
               some
               little
               holes
               on
               the
               sides
               that
               are
               called
               Registers
               .
               The
               Cucurbite
               must
               likewise
               enter
               the
               Furnace
               a
               third
               part
               of
               its
               height
               or
               thereabouts
               .
               Give
               a
               small
               fire
               at
               first
               ,
               then
               encrease
               it
               by
               degrees
               ,
               till
               the
               bottom
               of
               the
               Cucurbite
               is
               grown
               red-hot
               ,
               and
               continue
               such
               a
               fire
               till
               nothing
               more
               will
               Sublime
               ,
               which
               you
               'l
               know
               by
               the
               Heads
               growing
               cool
               ,
               and
               then
               the
               Sublimation
               is
               at
               an
               end
               .
               Let
               the
               Vessels
               cool
               ,
               and
               so
               unlute
               them
               ,
               you
               'l
               find
               Flowers
               stuck
               to
               the
               Head
               ,
               and
               to
               the
               top
               of
               the
               Body
               ,
               that
               are
               nothing
               else
               but
               some
               parts
               of
               Tinn
               raised
               up
               by
               the
               
                 Sal
                 Armoniack
              
               ,
               and
               at
               the
               bottom
               of
               the
               Body
               you
               'l
               find
               some
               Tinn
               Revived
               .
            
          
           
             
               Magistery
               of
               Jupiter
               ,
               or
               Tinn
               .
            
             
               This
               Operation
               is
               only
               a
               Tinn
               dissolved
               by
               an
               acid
               ,
               and
               precipitated
               by
               an
               Alkali
               salt
               .
            
             
               Dissolve
               the
               
                 Flowers
                 of
                 Tinn
              
               ,
               in
               a
               sufficient
               quantity
               of
               water
               .
               Filtrate
               the
               Dissolution
               ,
               and
               pour
               upon
               it
               drop
               by
               drop
               the
               Spirit
               of
               
                 Sal
                 Armoniack
              
               ,
               or
               the
               Oil
               of
               Tartar
               made
               
                 per
                 Deliquium
              
               ,
               there
               will
               Precipitate
               a
               very
               White
               Powder
               .
               You
               must
               Edulcorate
               it
               by
               washing
               it
               several
               times
               with
               warm
               water
               ,
               and
               afterwards
               dry
               it
               .
               It
               serves
               for
               Paint
               ;
               for
               being
               mixed
               with
               Pomatum
               ,
               it
               makes
               a
               very
               curious
               White
               .
            
             
               
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 considered
                 in
                 both
                 these
                 Preparations
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Dissolution
                 of
                 Tinn
                 is
                 performed
                 only
                 by
                 an
                 acid
                 Salt
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 is
                 impregnated
                 with
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 is
                 the
                 reason
                 why
                 the
                 Volatile
                 Spirit
                 of
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 doth
                 serve
                 to
                 Precipitate
                 it
                 ;
                 for
                 being
                 an
                 Alkali
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 the
                 Oil
                 of
                 Tartar
                 ,
                 it
                 breaks
                 the
                 force
                 of
                 the
                 acid
                 ,
                 which
                 therefore
                 le
                 ts
                 go
                 what
                 it
                 held
                 dissolved
                 .
                 That
                 being
                 granted
                 ,
                 there
                 will
                 be
                 no
                 longer
                 difficulty
                 in
                 conceiving
                 how
                 the
                 Volatile
                 Spirit
                 of
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 doth
                 often
                 Precipitate
                 what
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 had
                 dissolved
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Flowers
               of
               Jupiter
               ,
               or
               Tinn
               .
            
             
               This
               Operation
               is
               a
               Tinn
               Volatilized
               ,
               and
               raised
               in
               form
               of
               Meal
               ,
               by
               the
               means
               of
               a
               Volatile
               Salt.
               
            
             
               Take
               an
               unglazed
               earthen
               Pot
               ,
               with
               a
               hole
               in
               the
               middle
               of
               its
               height
               ,
               and
               a
               stopple
               to
               it
               ,
               place
               the
               Pot
               in
               a
               Furnace
               of
               a
               just
               proportion
               wherein
               the
               pot
               may
               enter
               only
               as
               high
               as
               the
               hole
               ,
               and
               with
               Bricks
               and
               Lute
               ,
               take
               care
               that
               the
               fire
               may
               not
               transpire
               ;
               fit
               upon
               this
               pot
               three
               Aludels
               ,
               or
               open
               pots
               of
               the
               same
               earth
               without
               any
               bottoms
               ,
               and
               fit
               a
               Head
               to
               the
               uppermost
               with
               a
               Receiver
               to
               the
               Head
               ,
               lute
               well
               all
               the
               junctures
               ,
               and
               light
               a
               good
               fire
               in
               the
               Furnace
               to
               make
               red-hot
               that
               part
               of
               the
               pot
               which
               lies
               within
               it
               ,
               then
               mix
               
               a
               pound
               of
               Tinn
               and
               two
               pounds
               of
               purified
               Salt-peter
               ,
               throw
               a
               spoonful
               of
               this
               mixture
               through
               the
               hole
               of
               the
               pot
               ,
               and
               stop
               it
               ;
               a
               detonation
               soon
               follows
               ,
               which
               when
               it
               is
               over
               ,
               throw
               in
               another
               spoonful
               ,
               and
               so
               continue
               to
               do
               ,
               until
               all
               the
               mixture
               be
               spent
               ;
               let
               the
               vessels
               cool
               ,
               and
               unlute
               them
               ,
               and
               you
               'l
               find
               in
               the
               receiver
               a
               little
               Spirit
               of
               Niter
               ,
               and
               in
               and
               round
               about
               the
               Aludels
               very
               white
               
                 Flowers
                 of
                 Tinn
              
               ,
               gather
               them
               together
               with
               a
               feather
               ,
               then
               wash
               them
               divers
               times
               with
               fountain
               water
               ,
               and
               when
               you
               have
               dried
               them
               on
               paper
               in
               the
               shade
               ,
               keep
               them
               in
               a
               Viol
               ;
               they
               serve
               for
               Paint
               ,
               and
               they
               make
               a
               curious
               White
               when
               mixed
               in
               Pomatums
               ,
               or
               in
               some
               liquor
               .
            
             
               You
               'l
               find
               in
               the
               bottom
               of
               the
               Pot
               a
               Calx
               of
               Tinn
               mixed
               with
               the
               fixt
               part
               of
               Salt-peter
               ,
               boil
               it
               in
               water
               ,
               wash
               and
               dry
               it
               ,
               and
               it
               may
               be
               used
               in
               desiccative
               unguents
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 a
                 plain
                 sign
                 that
                 Tinn
                 does
                 contain
                 a
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 because
                 being
                 mixed
                 with
                 Salt-peter
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 into
                 the
                 pot
                 that
                 's
                 heated
                 red-hot
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 flame
                 ;
                 for
                 you
                 must
                 not
                 imagine
                 that
                 the
                 detonation
                 can
                 proceed
                 from
                 the
                 Salt-peter
                 alone
                 ,
                 this
                 salt
                 being
                 never
                 able
                 to
                 flame
                 without
                 the
                 mixture
                 of
                 some
                 Sulphureous
                 matter
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 shall
                 prove
                 in
                 its
                 own
                 place
                 .
                 But
                 because
                 the
                 Sulphur
                 of
                 Tinn
                 is
                 lockt
                 up
                 in
                 other
                 substances
                 ,
                 it
                 remains
                 quiet
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 to
                 unite
                 with
                 the
                 Salt-peter
                 ,
                 before
                 it
                 raises
                 a
                 detonation
                 .
                 Nevertheless
                 if
                 you
                 be
                 in
                 haste
                 to
                 dispatch
                 ,
                 the
                 detonation
                 may
                 be
                 expedited
                 
                 by
                 introducing
                 a
                 small
                 cole
                 lighted
                 into
                 the
                 hole
                 of
                 the
                 pot
                 to
                 fire
                 the
                 matter
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 Flowers
                 do
                 proceed
                 from
                 the
                 part
                 of
                 Tinn
                 which
                 is
                 easiest
                 to
                 rarifie
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 the
                 Volatile
                 salt
                 of
                 Salt-peter
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 
                   Sulphur
                   of
                   Tinn
                
                 had
                 raised
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 must
                 take
                 care
                 ,
                 when
                 you
                 would
                 make
                 Detonations
                 ,
                 to
                 proportion
                 the
                 Salt-peter
                 with
                 the
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 for
                 otherwise
                 they
                 will
                 not
                 endure
                 so
                 long
                 as
                 they
                 should
                 ;
                 either
                 there
                 being
                 too
                 much
                 Sulphur
                 it
                 will
                 not
                 meet
                 with
                 enough
                 Volatile
                 parts
                 of
                 Salt-peter
                 to
                 raise
                 it
                 all
                 up
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 the
                 Salt-peter
                 being
                 in
                 too
                 great
                 a
                 quantity
                 for
                 the
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 it
                 causes
                 but
                 a
                 Sublimation
                 in
                 part
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 great
                 quantity
                 of
                 this
                 salt
                 which
                 remains
                 at
                 bottom
                 ,
                 without
                 firing
                 ,
                 does
                 fix
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Sulphur
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 there
                 was
                 but
                 little
                 reason
                 to
                 believe
                 that
                 three
                 parts
                 of
                 Salt-peter
                 to
                 one
                 of
                 Tinn
                 ,
                 would
                 raise
                 more
                 Flowers
                 ,
                 than
                 when
                 there
                 are
                 but
                 two
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 my
                 description
                 .
                 For
                 then
                 there
                 being
                 too
                 much
                 Salt-peter
                 for
                 the
                 quantity
                 of
                 Tinn
                 ,
                 the
                 Detonation
                 will
                 prove
                 imperfect
                 ,
                 and
                 almost
                 all
                 the
                 Salt-peter
                 will
                 remain
                 at
                 bottom
                 ,
                 and
                 will
                 only
                 serve
                 to
                 check
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Sulphurs
                 of
                 Tinn
                 ,
                 hindring
                 them
                 from
                 Subliming
                 into
                 so
                 many
                 Flowers
                 as
                 would
                 otherwise
                 rise
                 .
              
               
                 Three
                 Aludels
                 and
                 one
                 Head
                 ,
                 are
                 used
                 in
                 this
                 Operation
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Vapours
                 which
                 rise
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Detonation
                 may
                 have
                 room
                 enough
                 ;
                 for
                 otherwise
                 they
                 would
                 burst
                 the
                 Vessels
                 ,
                 notwithstanding
                 the
                 casting
                 in
                 of
                 the
                 matter
                 but
                 little
                 at
                 a
                 time
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 
                   Flowers
                   of
                   Tinn
                
                 are
                 washt
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 deprive
                 them
                 of
                 a
                 Volatile
                 Salt
                 derived
                 from
                 the
                 Salt-peter
                 which
                 was
                 mixed
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 salt
                 dissolves
                 in
                 the
                 water
                 ,
                 leaving
                 the
                 Flowers
                 in
                 their
                 purity
                 .
                 You
                 must
                 dry
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 shade
                 ,
                 for
                 both
                 the
                 Sun
                 and
                 fire
                 do
                 render
                 them
                 black
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 because
                 they
                 do
                 re-unite
                 the
                 particles
                 of
                 Tinn
                 ,
                 which
                 owe
                 all
                 their
                 whiteness
                 to
                 the
                 fineness
                 of
                 Pulverization
                 ,
                 which
                 gives
                 them
                 another
                 Superficies
                 than
                 they
                 had
                 to
                 reflect
                 the
                 light
                 with
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             IV.
             
               Of
               Bismuth
               ,
               called
               Tinn-Glass
            
             .
          
           
             BIsmuth
             is
             a
             Sulphureous
             Marcassite
             that
             is
             found
             in
             the
             Tinn
             Mines
             ;
             many
             do
             think
             it
             is
             an
             imperfect
             Tinn
             which
             partakes
             of
             good
             store
             of
             Arsenick
             ;
             its
             pores
             are
             disposed
             in
             another
             manner
             than
             those
             of
             Tinn
             ,
             which
             is
             evident
             enough
             because
             the
             Menstruum
             which
             dissolves
             Bismuth
             cannot
             intirely
             dissolve
             Tinn
             .
          
           
             There
             is
             another
             sort
             of
             Marcassite
             ,
             called
             Zinch
             ,
             that
             much
             resembles
             Bismuth
             ,
             and
             on
             which
             the
             same
             preparations
             may
             be
             made
             that
             I
             am
             going
             to
             describe
             .
          
           
             Marcassite
             is
             nothing
             else
             but
             the
             excrement
             of
             a
             Metal
             ,
             or
             an
             Earth
             impregnated
             with
             Metallick
             parts
             .
          
           
           
             The
             Pewterers
             do
             mix
             Bismuth
             and
             Zinch
             in
             their
             Tinn
             to
             make
             it
             sound
             the
             better
             .
          
           
             
               Flowers
               of
               Bismuth
               .
            
             
               This
               Operation
               is
               nothing
               but
               a
               portion
               of
               Tinn-glass
               raised
               up
               in
               form
               of
               meal
               by
               Volatile
               salts
               .
            
             
               Calcine
               Bismuth
               as
               you
               do
               Lead
               ,
               then
               mixing
               it
               with
               an
               equal
               part
               of
               
                 Sal
                 Armoniack
              
               ,
               proceed
               to
               its
               sublimation
               as
               you
               did
               in
               that
               of
               Tinn
               .
               Thus
               you
               have
               Flowers
               ,
               which
               you
               may
               dissolve
               in
               Water
               ,
               and
               Precipitate
               with
               the
               Spirit
               of
               
                 Sal
                 Armoniack
              
               ,
               or
               Oil
               of
               Tartar.
               
            
             
               This
               Magistery
               or
               Precipitate
               serves
               for
               the
               same
               use
               as
               that
               which
               follows
               .
            
          
           
             
               Magistery
               of
               Bismuth
               .
            
             
               Magistery
               of
               Bismuth
               is
               a
               Tinn-glass
               dissolved
               ,
               and
               precipitated
               in
               a
               very
               white
               powder
               .
            
             
               Dissolve
               in
               a
               Matrass
               an
               ounce
               of
               Bismuth
               ,
               grosly
               powdered
               with
               three
               ounces
               of
               Spirit
               of
               Niter
               .
               Pour
               the
               Dissolution
               into
               a
               clean
               White-ware
               Vessel
               ,
               and
               pour
               upon
               it
               five
               or
               six
               pints
               of
               Fountain-water
               ,
               in
               which
               you
               shall
               have
               dissolved
               before-hand
               an
               Ounce
               of
               Sea-salt
               ,
               you
               'l
               see
               a
               White
               powder
               Precipitate
               to
               the
               bottom
               .
               Pour
               off
               the
               Water
               by
               Inclination
               ,
               and
               wash
               this
               Magistery
               several
               times
               ,
               then
               dry
               it
               in
               the
               shade
               .
               It
               is
               an
               excellent
               Cosmetick
               ,
               called
               
                 Spanish
                 White
              
               ,
               that
               serves
               to
               whiten
               the
               complexion
               .
               It
               is
               either
               mixed
               in
               Pomatum
               ,
               or
               Lilie-water
               .
            
             
               
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 must
                 use
                 a
                 large
                 Bolt-head
                 to
                 dissolve
                 the
                 Bismuth
                 in
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 great
                 Ebullition
                 that
                 happens
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 is
                 cast
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 requires
                 room
                 to
                 move
                 in
                 .
                 You
                 must
                 likewise
                 have
                 a
                 care
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 you
                 can
                 ,
                 of
                 receiving
                 the
                 Vapours
                 at
                 your
                 Nose
                 or
                 Mouth
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 are
                 very
                 offensive
                 to
                 the
                 breast
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 quick
                 and
                 violent
                 Ebullition
                 proceeds
                 from
                 the
                 acids
                 immediate
                 penetration
                 of
                 the
                 large
                 pores
                 of
                 Bismuth
                 so
                 soon
                 as
                 thrown
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 acid
                 violently
                 divides
                 all
                 that
                 opposes
                 its
                 motion
                 .
                 It
                 happens
                 also
                 that
                 the
                 Bolt-head
                 grows
                 so
                 hot
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 man
                 can't
                 endure
                 his
                 hand
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 points
                 of
                 the
                 Menstruum
                 do
                 chafe
                 against
                 the
                 solid
                 body
                 of
                 Bismuth
                 with
                 such
                 force
                 ,
                 that
                 you
                 may
                 observe
                 from
                 thence
                 much
                 the
                 same
                 heat
                 ,
                 as
                 when
                 two
                 solid
                 bodies
                 are
                 rub'd
                 against
                 one
                 another
                 .
                 Add
                 to
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 great
                 store
                 of
                 igneous
                 particles
                 contained
                 in
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 ,
                 may
                 much
                 increase
                 this
                 heat
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 the
                 Dissolution
                 becomes
                 turbid
                 through
                 some
                 impurities
                 in
                 the
                 Bismuth
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 pour
                 into
                 it
                 about
                 twice
                 as
                 much
                 Water
                 and
                 filter
                 it
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 you
                 should
                 go
                 to
                 filter
                 it
                 without
                 water
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 coagulate
                 like
                 salt
                 in
                 the
                 Filter
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 pass
                 through
                 .
                 This
                 Coagulation
                 proceeds
                 from
                 the
                 
                   acid
                   spirits
                
                 of
                 Niter
                 that
                 are
                 included
                 in
                 the
                 particles
                 of
                 Bismuth
                 ,
                 which
                 finding
                 too
                 little
                 liquor
                 to
                 swim
                 in
                 and
                 disperse
                 ,
                 do
                 gather
                 together
                 into
                 Crystals
                 when
                 the
                 dissolution
                 is
                 cold
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 impurity
                 which
                 commonly
                 swims
                 upon
                 the
                 solution
                 of
                 Bismuth
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 fat
                 or
                 bituminous
                 matter
                 which
                 will
                 not
                 dissolve
                 in
                 the
                 
                   spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Magistery
                 may
                 be
                 made
                 by
                 pouring
                 in
                 great
                 quantity
                 of
                 Fountain
                 water
                 without
                 any
                 salt
                 ,
                 into
                 the
                 dissolution
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 is
                 made
                 the
                 quicker
                 ,
                 when
                 you
                 use
                 salt
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Precipitation
                 is
                 the
                 better
                 because
                 salt
                 does
                 encounter
                 and
                 break
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 acids
                 that
                 water
                 alone
                 was
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 weaken
                 sufficiently
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 some
                 difficulty
                 appears
                 in
                 conceiving
                 how
                 plain
                 water
                 alone
                 comes
                 to
                 
                   precipitate
                   Bismuth
                   ,
                   Lead
                
                 ,
                 &
                 Antimony
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 acid
                 had
                 dissolved
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 can
                 do
                 nothing
                 at
                 all
                 to
                 the
                 
                   precipitating
                   Gold
                   ,
                   Silver
                
                 ,
                 or
                 Mercury
                 ,
                 without
                 the
                 assistance
                 of
                 some
                 salt
                 or
                 other
                 body
                 ;
                 I
                 do
                 imagine
                 that
                 the
                 former
                 having
                 large
                 Pores
                 ,
                 the
                 acids
                 cannot
                 stick
                 so
                 close
                 in
                 them
                 but
                 that
                 water
                 is
                 able
                 to
                 force
                 them
                 out
                 ;
                 but
                 
                   Gold
                   ,
                   Silver
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Mercury
                 ,
                 having
                 finer
                 pores
                 in
                 comparison
                 than
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 do
                 retain
                 the
                 acids
                 so
                 very
                 closely
                 that
                 the
                 weak
                 impulses
                 of
                 water
                 alone
                 can
                 make
                 no
                 separation
                 ;
                 some
                 more
                 active
                 body
                 is
                 requisite
                 to
                 do
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Augmentation
                 which
                 happens
                 to
                 Bismuth
                 when
                 made
                 into
                 a
                 Magistery
                 ,
                 does
                 proceed
                 from
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 that
                 remains
                 still
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 notwithstanding
                 the
                 Precipitation
                 and
                 Lotion
                 .
              
               
                 Commonly
                 one
                 Drachm
                 of
                 this
                 Magistery
                 or
                 Precipitate
                 is
                 mixed
                 with
                 Four
                 ounces
                 of
                 Water
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 an
                 ounce
                 of
                 Pomatum
                 .
                 It
                 softens
                 the
                 skin
                 very
                 much
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 also
                 good
                 against
                 the
                 Itch
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 feeds
                 upon
                 those
                 acids
                 or
                 Salts
                 which
                 cherish
                 this
                 Disease
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             V.
             
               Of
               Lead
            
             .
          
           
             LEad
             is
             a
             Metal
             fill'd
             with
             Sulphur
             ,
             or
             a
             Bituminous
             earth
             ,
             that
             renders
             it
             very
             supple
             and
             pliant
             .
             It
             is
             probable
             that
             it
             contains
             some
             Mercury
             .
             It
             hath
             Pores
             very
             like
             those
             of
             Tinn
             ;
             it
             is
             called
             Saturn
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             influence
             it
             is
             thought
             to
             receive
             from
             the
             Planet
             of
             that
             name
             .
          
           
             Those
             who
             work
             upon
             Lead
             are
             subject
             to
             Colicks
             ,
             and
             to
             become
             Paralytick
             ,
             whether
             it
             be
             that
             there
             rises
             out
             of
             it
             a
             Mercury
             which
             obstructs
             the
             Nerves
             ,
             or
             else
             that
             the
             very
             substance
             of
             Lead
             does
             act
             upon
             them
             after
             the
             manner
             of
             Mercury
             .
          
           
             Lead
             is
             extremely
             cold
             ,
             and
             for
             that
             reason
             is
             proper
             to
             asswage
             the
             heats
             of
             Venus
             ,
             being
             applied
             to
             the
             Perinaeum
             ;
             and
             it
             may
             be
             the
             heat
             of
             the
             skin
             causes
             it
             to
             lose
             some
             particles
             ,
             which
             insinuating
             through
             the
             pores
             do
             some
             way
             fix
             the
             Spirits
             ,
             and
             qualifie
             their
             motion
             ,
             from
             whence
             the
             part
             waxes
             cold
             :
             it
             is
             also
             applied
             on
             many
             Tumours
             caused
             by
             too
             great
             an
             Ebullition
             of
             the
             Bloud
             .
          
           
             Lead
             serves
             to
             Purifie
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             ,
             and
             may
             be
             said
             to
             act
             in
             the
             Coppel
             ,
             much
             after
             the
             same
             manner
             as
             the
             white
             of
             an
             Egg
             does
             in
             Clarifying
             a
             Syrop
             that
             's
             boil'd
             in
             a
             Bason
             ;
             for
             as
             the
             gross
             and
             terrestrious
             impurities
             of
             a
             Syrop
             do
             stick
             to
             
             the
             white
             of
             an
             Egg
             by
             reason
             of
             its
             glutinous
             nature
             ,
             and
             are
             driven
             to
             the
             sides
             of
             the
             Bason
             in
             the
             stirring
             ,
             so
             do
             the
             Heterogeneous
             parts
             that
             were
             mixt
             with
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             ,
             stick
             unto
             the
             Lead
             ,
             and
             by
             the
             fire
             are
             driven
             to
             the
             sides
             of
             the
             Coppel
             like
             unto
             a
             Scum.
             
          
           
             
               Calcination
               of
               Lead
               .
            
             
               Melt
               Lead
               in
               an
               earthen
               Pan
               unglazed
               ,
               and
               stir
               it
               over
               the
               Fire
               with
               a
               Spatule
               'till
               it
               is
               reduced
               to
               a
               powder
               .
               If
               you
               increase
               the
               Fire
               ,
               and
               still
               Calcine
               the
               Matter
               for
               an
               hour
               or
               two
               ,
               it
               will
               be
               more
               open
               and
               fit
               to
               be
               penetrated
               by
               acids
               .
            
             
               If
               you
               put
               this
               Powder
               to
               Calcine
               in
               a
               Reverberatory
               Fire
               for
               three
               or
               four
               hours
               ,
               it
               will
               be
               of
               a
               red
               colour
               ,
               and
               is
               that
               which
               is
               called
               Minium
               .
            
             
               Lead
               is
               also
               prepared
               into
               Cerusse
               or
               White-Lead
               by
               the
               means
               of
               Vinegar
               ,
               whose
               vapour
               it
               is
               made
               to
               imbibe
               ;
               for
               it
               turns
               into
               a
               White
               Rust
               ,
               that
               is
               gather'd
               up
               ,
               and
               little
               Cakes
               made
               of
               it
               .
            
             
               Two
               parts
               of
               Lead
               may
               be
               melted
               in
               a
               Pot
               or
               Crucible
               ,
               and
               one
               part
               of
               Sulphur
               added
               to
               it
               ;
               when
               the
               Sulphur
               is
               burnt
               out
               ,
               you
               'l
               find
               the
               matter
               turned
               into
               a
               black
               powder
               ,
               which
               is
               called
               
                 Plumbum
                 ustum
              
               .
            
             
               All
               these
               Preparations
               of
               Lead
               are
               of
               a
               drying
               nature
               ;
               they
               may
               be
               mixed
               with
               unguents
               and
               plaisters
               ,
               they
               unite
               with
               oils
               or
               fat
               substances
               in
               the
               boiling
               ,
               and
               they
               do
               give
               them
               a
               solid
               consistence
               ,
               and
               the
               greatest
               part
               of
               our
               plaisters
               do
               derive
               their
               hardness
               from
               it
               .
            
             
             
               I
               spoke
               of
               the
               way
               of
               reducing
               Lead
               into
               Litharge
               ,
               when
               I
               treated
               of
               the
               Purification
               of
               Silver
               by
               the
               Coppel
               ,
               and
               it
               is
               thither
               I
               desire
               my
               Reader
               to
               return
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 happens
                 an
                 observation
                 in
                 the
                 Calcination
                 of
                 Lead
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 several
                 other
                 things
                 ,
                 which
                 very
                 well
                 deserves
                 some
                 reflection
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 that
                 although
                 the
                 Sulphureous
                 or
                 Volatile
                 parts
                 of
                 Lead
                 do
                 fly
                 away
                 in
                 the
                 Calcination
                 ,
                 which
                 loss
                 should
                 indeed
                 make
                 it
                 weigh
                 the
                 less
                 ,
                 nevertheless
                 after
                 a
                 long
                 Calcining
                 't
                 is
                 found
                 ,
                 that
                 instead
                 of
                 losing
                 it
                 increases
                 in
                 weight
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 trying
                 to
                 explicate
                 this
                 Phaenomenon
                 do
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 as
                 long
                 as
                 the
                 violence
                 of
                 the
                 flame
                 does
                 open
                 and
                 divide
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Calx
                 of
                 Lead
                 ,
                 the
                 acid
                 of
                 the
                 Wood
                 or
                 other
                 matter
                 that
                 burns
                 ,
                 does
                 insinuate
                 into
                 tha
                 pores
                 of
                 this
                 Calx
                 ,
                 where
                 't
                 is
                 stopt
                 or
                 fixt
                 by
                 the
                 Alkali
                 ;
                 but
                 this
                 reason
                 will
                 not
                 hold
                 ,
                 when
                 't
                 is
                 considered
                 that
                 this
                 Augmentation
                 comes
                 to
                 pass
                 as
                 well
                 when
                 Lead
                 is
                 Calcin'd
                 with
                 Coals
                 as
                 Wood
                 ,
                 for
                 Coals
                 contain
                 only
                 a
                 fixt
                 Salt
                 that
                 rises
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 .
              
               
                 'T
                 is
                 better
                 therefore
                 to
                 refer
                 this
                 effect
                 to
                 the
                 disposition
                 of
                 the
                 pores
                 of
                 Lead
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 manner
                 ,
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 fire
                 insinuating
                 into
                 them
                 does
                 there
                 remain
                 imbodied
                 ,
                 and
                 can't
                 get
                 forth
                 again
                 ,
                 whence
                 the
                 weight
                 comes
                 to
                 be
                 encreased
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 would
                 revive
                 this
                 Calx
                 of
                 Lead
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 Fusion
                 ,
                 its
                 parts
                 do
                 squeez
                 and
                 express
                 the
                 igneous
                 particles
                 that
                 were
                 inclosed
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Lead
                 
                 does
                 thereby
                 weigh
                 less
                 than
                 it
                 did
                 when
                 reduced
                 into
                 a
                 Calx
                 ,
                 for
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 the
                 Sulphureous
                 parts
                 are
                 separated
                 and
                 lost
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Salt
               of
               Saturn
               .
            
             
               This
               Operation
               is
               a
               Lead
               penetrated
               ,
               and
               reduced
               into
               the
               form
               of
               Salt
               by
               the
               acidity
               of
               Vinegar
               .
            
             
               Take
               three
               or
               four
               pounds
               of
               one
               of
               these
               Preparations
               or
               Calcinations
               of
               Lead
               ,
               for
               example
               the
               Cerusse
               :
               powder
               it
               ,
               and
               put
               it
               in
               a
               large
               Glass
               or
               Earthen
               vessel
               ;
               pour
               upon
               it
               distill'd
               Vinegar
               four
               fingers
               high
               ,
               an
               Ebullition
               will
               follow
               without
               any
               sensible
               heat
               .
               Put
               it
               in
               Digestion
               in
               hot
               Sand
               for
               two
               or
               three
               days
               ,
               stirring
               about
               the
               Matter
               ever
               now
               and
               then
               ;
               then
               let
               it
               settle
               ,
               and
               separate
               the
               Liquor
               by
               Inclination
               .
               Pour
               new
               distill'd
               Vinegar
               upon
               the
               Cerusse
               that
               remains
               in
               the
               Vessel
               ,
               and
               proceed
               as
               before
               ,
               continuing
               to
               pour
               on
               distill'd
               Vinegar
               ,
               and
               to
               separate
               it
               by
               Inclination
               ,
               until
               you
               have
               dissolved
               about
               half
               the
               Matter
               .
               Mix
               all
               your
               Impregnations
               together
               ,
               in
               an
               earthen
               or
               glass
               Vessel
               .
               Evaporate
               in
               a
               Sand-fire
               with
               a
               gentle
               heat
               ,
               about
               two
               thirds
               of
               the
               moisture
               ,
               or
               'till
               there
               rises
               a
               little
               skin
               over
               it
               .
               Then
               transfer
               your
               Vessel
               into
               a
               Celler
               or
               some
               such
               cool
               place
               ,
               without
               jogging
               it
               ;
               there
               will
               appear
               white
               Crystals
               ,
               which
               you
               must
               separate
               ,
               and
               Evaporate
               the
               Liquor
               as
               before
               ,
               and
               set
               it
               again
               in
               the
               Cellar
               .
               Continue
               your
               Evaporations
               and
               Crystallizations
               ,
               'till
               you
               have
               gotten
               all
               your
               Salt.
               Dry
               it
               in
               the
               Sun
               ,
               and
               keep
               it
               in
               a
               Glass
               .
            
             
             
               If
               you
               would
               make
               it
               exceeding
               white
               ,
               you
               must
               dissolve
               it
               in
               equal
               quantities
               of
               distill'd
               Vinegar
               ,
               and
               common
               water
               ,
               then
               Filter
               it
               ,
               and
               Crystallize
               it
               ,
               as
               I
               said
               before
               .
               This
               Purification
               may
               be
               repeated
               three
               or
               four
               times
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               commonly
               used
               in
               Pomatums
               ,
               for
               Tettars
               and
               Inflammations
               ;
               the
               Impregnation
               of
               Saturn
               is
               also
               used
               chiefly
               for
               Diseases
               of
               the
               skin
               ;
               when
               it
               is
               mixed
               with
               a
               great
               deal
               of
               Water
               ,
               it
               makes
               a
               Milk
               that
               is
               called
               
                 Virgins
                 Milk.
              
               
            
             
               The
               
                 Salt
                 of
                 Saturn
              
               taken
               inwardly
               is
               esteemed
               very
               good
               for
               the
               Quinsie
               ,
               to
               stop
               the
               flowing
               of
               the
               Menses
               and
               Hemorrhoids
               ,
               and
               for
               the
               Bloudy
               Flux
               .
               The
               Dose
               is
               from
               two
               grains
               to
               four
               in
               Knot-grass
               ,
               or
               Plantain
               water
               ,
               or
               mixt
               in
               Garg●es
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 do
                 commonly
                 use
                 Cerusse
                 for
                 preparing
                 the
                 Salt
                 of
                 Saturn
                 ,
                 because
                 I
                 find
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 more
                 open
                 ,
                 and
                 easier
                 to
                 dissolve
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 other
                 Preparations
                 of
                 Lead
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Vinegar
                 it
                 is
                 already
                 impregnated
                 with
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Ebullition
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 observed
                 ,
                 doth
                 proceed
                 from
                 the
                 violent
                 entrance
                 of
                 the
                 acids
                 ,
                 which
                 do
                 forcibly
                 separate
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Matter
                 .
                 But
                 it
                 is
                 remarkable
                 that
                 the
                 Effervescency
                 which
                 happens
                 upon
                 pouring
                 a
                 like
                 quantity
                 of
                 acids
                 on
                 any
                 other
                 preparation
                 of
                 Lead
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 stronger
                 ;
                 because
                 when
                 the
                 acid
                 meets
                 with
                 a
                 body
                 not
                 so
                 open
                 as
                 Cerusse
                 ,
                 it
                 must
                 use
                 greater
                 endeavour
                 to
                 enter
                 into
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 raises
                 up
                 the
                 Matter
                 higher
                 .
              
               
               
                 In
                 these
                 Effervescences
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 many
                 others
                 ,
                 you
                 cannot
                 perceive
                 the
                 least
                 Degree
                 of
                 Heat
                 ,
                 nay
                 some
                 presume
                 to
                 assert
                 that
                 Cold
                 is
                 increased
                 in
                 them
                 .
                 Vinegar
                 loses
                 all
                 its
                 force
                 in
                 the
                 penetration
                 of
                 Lead
                 ,
                 and
                 acquires
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 sweet
                 or
                 sugar'd
                 taste
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 must
                 not
                 imagine
                 that
                 a
                 true
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Lead
                
                 can
                 be
                 drawn
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 nothing
                 but
                 a
                 dissolution
                 of
                 its
                 substance
                 by
                 acids
                 ,
                 which
                 do
                 very
                 closely
                 unite
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 to
                 form
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Salt.
                 For
                 if
                 by
                 distillation
                 you
                 should
                 draw
                 off
                 the
                 humidity
                 of
                 the
                 Dissolution
                 ,
                 you
                 'd
                 find
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 nothing
                 but
                 an
                 Insipid
                 water
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 deprived
                 of
                 all
                 its
                 acids
                 .
                 I
                 shall
                 prove
                 that
                 better
                 hereafter
                 ,
                 when
                 we
                 come
                 to
                 revive
                 our
                 Salt
                 into
                 Lead
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Salt
                 called
                 Sugar
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 its
                 sweetness
                 is
                 good
                 for
                 many
                 Diseases
                 that
                 are
                 caused
                 by
                 acid
                 or
                 sharp
                 humors
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 asswages
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 mitigates
                 their
                 keenness
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 particularly
                 observed
                 in
                 Quinzies
                 ,
                 whose
                 cause
                 doth
                 ordinarily
                 proceed
                 from
                 a
                 saline
                 or
                 acid
                 serosity
                 ,
                 which
                 falling
                 too
                 abundantly
                 on
                 the
                 Muscles
                 of
                 the
                 Larynx
                 raises
                 a
                 fermentation
                 that
                 dilates
                 their
                 fibers
                 ,
                 and
                 causes
                 the
                 Inflammation
                 we
                 see
                 .
                 Thus
                 whatsoever
                 is
                 able
                 to
                 dull
                 the
                 edge
                 of
                 Acids
                 is
                 good
                 for
                 the
                 cure
                 of
                 this
                 Disease
                 .
              
               
                 Menstrual
                 Purgations
                 ,
                 Flux
                 of
                 the
                 Hemorrhoids
                 and
                 Dysenteries
                 are
                 usually
                 caused
                 by
                 sharp
                 corrosive
                 Salts
                 which
                 fall
                 into
                 the
                 Vessels
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 the
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Saturn
                
                 ,
                 as
                 all
                 other
                 matters
                 that
                 absorb
                 Acids
                 ,
                 do
                 serve
                 to
                 cure
                 these
                 distempers
                 ;
                 for
                 take
                 away
                 the
                 cause
                 of
                 a
                 disease
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 effect
                 will
                 soon
                 cease
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 sweetness
                 of
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Saturn
                
                 cannot
                 be
                 better
                 explicated
                 than
                 by
                 the
                 Sulphureous
                 or
                 softish
                 substanee
                 of
                 the
                 particles
                 of
                 Lead
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 actuated
                 by
                 the
                 Salt
                 of
                 Vinegar
                 ,
                 do
                 delightfully
                 tickle
                 the
                 Nerve
                 of
                 the
                 tongue
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 tasted
                 .
              
               
                 Vinegar
                 impregnated
                 with
                 some
                 preparation
                 of
                 Lead
                 ,
                 is
                 called
                 
                   Vinegar
                   of
                   Saturn
                
                 .
                 If
                 it
                 be
                 well
                 tempered
                 with
                 Oil
                 of
                 Roses
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 other
                 Oil
                 ,
                 beating
                 them
                 together
                 in
                 a
                 mortar
                 ,
                 it
                 makes
                 an
                 unguent
                 that
                 is
                 called
                 Nutritum
                 ,
                 or
                 otherwise
                 
                   Butter
                   of
                   Saturn
                
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 good
                 for
                 Tettars
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 disfigurations
                 of
                 the
                 skin
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Magistery
               of
               Saturn
               .
            
             
               This
               Operation
               is
               a
               Lead
               dissolved
               and
               precipitated
               .
            
             
               Dissolve
               two
               or
               three
               ounces
               of
               the
               
                 Salt
                 of
                 Saturn
              
               well
               purified
               ,
               as
               I
               said
               before
               ,
               in
               a
               sufficient
               quantity
               of
               Water
               ,
               and
               distill'd
               Vinegar
               ,
               filter
               the
               dissolution
               ,
               and
               pour
               upon
               it
               drop
               by
               drop
               the
               Oil
               of
               Tartar
               made
               
                 per
                 Deliquium
              
               ,
               it
               will
               first
               turn
               into
               a
               Milk
               ,
               then
               a
               kind
               of
               Coagulum
               that
               will
               precipitate
               to
               the
               bottom
               of
               the
               Vessel
               in
               a
               white
               Powder
               .
               Boil
               it
               a
               little
               ,
               and
               pour
               it
               into
               a
               Tunnel
               lined
               with
               a
               Coffin
               of
               brown
               Paper
               ,
               the
               Liquor
               will
               pass
               through
               as
               clear
               as
               Water
               ,
               and
               the
               Powder
               remain
               in
               it
               :
               Wash
               it
               several
               times
               with
               Water
               to
               carry
               off
               all
               the
               impression
               of
               Vinegar
               .
               Then
               dry
               it
               ,
               and
               you
               'l
               have
               a
               very
               white
               Magistery
               ,
               that
               is
               used
               for
               a
               Fucus
               like
               the
               Bismuth
               .
               It
               is
               likewise
               mixed
               in
               Pomatums
               for
               Tettars
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 good
                 store
                 of
                 Water
                 is
                 poured
                 upon
                 the
                 Impregnation
                 of
                 Saturn
                 ,
                 it
                 turns
                 white
                 like
                 Milk
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 commonly
                 called
                 ,
                 
                   Virgins
                   milk
                
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 used
                 in
                 Inflammations
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 Pimples
                 in
                 the
                 face
                 :
                 if
                 you
                 let
                 this
                 Milk
                 settle
                 ,
                 it
                 becomes
                 as
                 clear
                 as
                 Water
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 White
                 powder
                 sinks
                 down
                 to
                 the
                 bottom
                 ;
                 this
                 Powder
                 does
                 proceed
                 from
                 the
                 particles
                 of
                 Lead
                 which
                 were
                 held
                 up
                 by
                 the
                 acidity
                 of
                 the
                 Vinegar
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 made
                 let
                 go
                 their
                 hold
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 access
                 of
                 Water
                 diluting
                 the
                 acid
                 .
                 This
                 Magistery
                 being
                 well
                 washt
                 may
                 serve
                 like
                 the
                 other
                 that
                 I
                 now
                 described
                 ;
                 but
                 because
                 Water
                 alone
                 has
                 not
                 strength
                 enough
                 to
                 destroy
                 the
                 acid
                 so
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 make
                 it
                 quit
                 every
                 particle
                 that
                 it
                 held
                 dissolved
                 ,
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Lead
                 still
                 remains
                 indiscernable
                 in
                 the
                 liquor
                 ,
                 and
                 does
                 not
                 precipitate
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 it
                 is
                 better
                 to
                 follow
                 my
                 description
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 making
                 
                   Magistery
                   of
                   Saturn
                
                 .
                 You
                 must
                 use
                 an
                 equal
                 quantity
                 of
                 Water
                 and
                 Vinegar
                 to
                 dissolve
                 the
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Saturn
                
                 ,
                 for
                 if
                 you
                 should
                 use
                 Water
                 alone
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 rather
                 cause
                 a
                 precipitation
                 than
                 dissolution
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Oil
                 of
                 Tartar
                 ,
                 or
                 rather
                 the
                 Salt
                 of
                 Tartar
                 dissolved
                 being
                 an
                 Alkali
                 destroys
                 the
                 edges
                 of
                 the
                 Vinegar
                 that
                 suspended
                 the
                 Lead
                 ,
                 whence
                 it
                 comes
                 to
                 precipitate
                 ;
                 for
                 finding
                 nothing
                 in
                 the
                 Liquor
                 that
                 is
                 able
                 to
                 hold
                 it
                 up
                 ,
                 it
                 falls
                 down
                 by
                 its
                 own
                 weight
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 in
                 this
                 Operation
                 there
                 happens
                 no
                 effervescency
                 at
                 all
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 edges
                 of
                 the
                 Vinegar
                 
                 being
                 broken
                 ,
                 the
                 fragments
                 of
                 them
                 which
                 remain
                 have
                 not
                 activity
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 not
                 keen
                 enough
                 to
                 enter
                 into
                 the
                 pores
                 of
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 with
                 a
                 sufficient
                 penetration
                 .
                 And
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 same
                 thing
                 with
                 all
                 other
                 precipitations
                 of
                 matters
                 which
                 have
                 been
                 dissolved
                 by
                 Vinegar
                 :
                 but
                 when
                 the
                 solution
                 has
                 been
                 performed
                 with
                 stronger
                 acids
                 ,
                 the
                 precipitations
                 are
                 made
                 with
                 ebullition
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 reason
                 that
                 I
                 gave
                 in
                 my
                 Remarks
                 upon
                 
                   Aurum
                   Fulminans
                
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Powder
                 being
                 washt
                 and
                 dried
                 is
                 nothing
                 but
                 a
                 Cerusse
                 rendred
                 exceeding
                 fine
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 used
                 for
                 Paint
                 ,
                 but
                 this
                 Cosmetick
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 all
                 others
                 that
                 are
                 made
                 of
                 Metallick
                 substances
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 Tinn
                 and
                 Bismuth
                 ,
                 do
                 often
                 black
                 the
                 skin
                 after
                 having
                 whitened
                 it
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 flesh
                 doth
                 gather
                 together
                 these
                 Metallick
                 Particles
                 ,
                 which
                 owed
                 all
                 their
                 whiteness
                 to
                 an
                 exact
                 Alkoholisation
                 ,
                 and
                 losing
                 that
                 ,
                 do
                 often
                 Revive
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Balsam
               or
               Oil
               of
               Saturn
               .
            
             
               The
               
                 Balsam
                 of
                 Saturn
              
               is
               a
               solution
               of
               
                 Salt
                 of
                 Saturn
              
               made
               in
               
                 Oil
                 of
                 Turpentine
              
               .
            
             
               Put
               eight
               ounces
               of
               
                 Salt
                 of
                 Saturn
              
               powdered
               into
               a
               Matrass
               ,
               and
               pour
               upon
               it
               Spirit
               of
               Turpentine
               ,
               four
               fingers
               above
               it
               ,
               place
               the
               Matrass
               in
               a
               small
               Sand
               heat
               digesting
               for
               a
               day
               ,
               you
               'l
               have
               a
               red
               Tincture
               ;
               decant
               the
               Liquor
               and
               pour
               more
               Spirit
               of
               Turpentine
               on
               the
               Matter
               that
               remains
               in
               the
               bottom
               of
               the
               Matrass
               ,
               leave
               it
               in
               digestion
               as
               before
               ,
               then
               separate
               again
               the
               Liquor
               which
               remains
               still
               a
               little
               coloured
               ,
               and
               there
               will
               remain
               
               at
               the
               bottom
               nothing
               but
               a
               little
               Matter
               ,
               that
               you
               may
               Revive
               into
               Lead
               in
               a
               Crucible
               .
               Pour
               your
               dissolutions
               into
               a
               Glass-Retort
               ,
               place
               it
               in
               Sand
               ,
               and
               fitting
               to
               it
               a
               Receiver
               ,
               distil
               over
               a
               gentle
               fire
               about
               two
               thirds
               of
               the
               Liquor
               ,
               which
               will
               be
               Spirit
               of
               Turpentine
               :
               quench
               the
               fire
               ,
               and
               when
               the
               Retort
               is
               cold
               pour
               that
               which
               is
               in
               it
               into
               a
               Viol
               ,
               and
               keep
               it
               for
               use
               .
               This
               is
               the
               
                 Balsam
                 of
                 Saturn
              
               ,
               excellent
               for
               cleansing
               and
               cicatrizing
               of
               Ulcers
               .
               You
               may
               touch
               Chancres
               with
               it
               ,
               though
               they
               be
               never
               so
               bad
               ,
               for
               it
               mightily
               resists
               putrefaction
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Turpentine
                 ,
                 to
                 speak
                 properly
                 ,
                 is
                 an
                 exalted
                 Oil.
                 It
                 dissolves
                 Lead
                 ,
                 and
                 easily
                 unites
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 is
                 very
                 sulphureous
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 should
                 still
                 persist
                 in
                 putting
                 new
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Turpentine
                 on
                 the
                 remaining
                 matter
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Saturn
                
                 would
                 at
                 last
                 dissolve
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 do
                 use
                 to
                 distil
                 away
                 all
                 the
                 Liquor
                 ,
                 and
                 keep
                 that
                 for
                 Oil
                 which
                 comes
                 forth
                 last
                 .
                 But
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 better
                 to
                 follow
                 my
                 description
                 ;
                 for
                 when
                 all
                 the
                 Liquor
                 is
                 distilled
                 ,
                 there
                 will
                 hardly
                 have
                 risen
                 any
                 Particle
                 of
                 Saturn
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 it
                 cannot
                 be
                 so
                 good
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Burning
               Spirit
               of
               Saturn
               .
            
             
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Saturn
              
               is
               an
               inflammable
               liquor
               which
               is
               drawn
               from
               
                 Salt
                 of
                 Saturn
              
               .
            
             
             
               Fill
               two
               thirds
               of
               an
               earthen
               Retort
               ,
               or
               a
               glass
               one
               luted
               ,
               with
               
                 Salt
                 of
                 Saturn
              
               ;
               place
               it
               in
               a
               Furnace
               over
               a
               very
               gentle
               fire
               ,
               both
               for
               gently
               heating
               the
               Retort
               ,
               and
               driving
               out
               a
               Phlegmatick
               Water
               ;
               continue
               this
               degree
               of
               Fire
               ,
               until
               the
               drops
               begin
               to
               have
               some
               taste
               ,
               then
               fit
               to
               the
               Retort
               a
               large
               Recipient
               ,
               lute
               well
               the
               junctures
               ,
               and
               encrease
               the
               fire
               by
               degrees
               ,
               a
               Spirit
               will
               come
               forth
               that
               will
               fill
               the
               Recipient
               with
               Clouds
               .
               When
               nothing
               more
               will
               come
               ,
               let
               the
               Vessels
               cool
               ,
               and
               having
               unluted
               them
               ,
               pour
               what
               you
               find
               in
               the
               Recipient
               into
               a
               Glass-Cucurbite
               ,
               and
               rectifie
               in
               a
               very
               gentle
               Sand-fire
               about
               half
               the
               Liquor
               ,
               which
               will
               be
               the
               
                 inflammable
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Saturn
              
               ,
               burning
               like
               Spirit
               of
               Wine
               ,
               and
               of
               a
               sowr
               taste
               .
            
             
               This
               Spirit
               is
               very
               good
               to
               resist
               putrefaction
               of
               humours
               :
               It
               is
               also
               given
               in
               the
               Hypochondriack
               Melancholy
               from
               eight
               unto
               sixteen
               drops
               in
               Broth
               ,
               or
               some
               Liquor
               peculiar
               to
               the
               Disease
               ,
               and
               the
               use
               of
               it
               is
               continued
               every
               Morning
               for
               a
               Fortnight
               .
            
             
               The
               other
               moyety
               of
               the
               liquor
               that
               remains
               in
               the
               Alembick
               ,
               is
               called
               improperly
               
                 Oil
                 of
                 Saturn
              
               ;
               it
               is
               good
               to
               cleanse
               the
               eyes
               of
               horses
               .
            
             
               If
               you
               take
               out
               the
               blackish
               matter
               that
               remains
               in
               the
               Retort
               ,
               and
               put
               it
               in
               a
               Crucible
               upon
               burning
               Coals
               ,
               it
               will
               reassume
               the
               form
               of
               Lead
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 must
                 remember
                 not
                 to
                 fill
                 above
                 two
                 thirds
                 of
                 the
                 Retort
                 with
                 the
                 Salt
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 joyn
                 a
                 Receiver
                 
                 large
                 enough
                 ,
                 because
                 these
                 Volatile
                 Spirits
                 flying
                 out
                 with
                 violence
                 might
                 be
                 apt
                 to
                 break
                 the
                 Vessels
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 not
                 room
                 to
                 play
                 in
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 use
                 six
                 ounces
                 of
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Saturn
                
                 in
                 your
                 Distillation
                 ,
                 you
                 'l
                 draw
                 an
                 Ounce
                 and
                 six
                 drachms
                 of
                 liquor
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 will
                 remain
                 in
                 the
                 Retort
                 six
                 ounces
                 and
                 six
                 drachms
                 of
                 a
                 blackish
                 and
                 yellow
                 matter
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 you
                 put
                 this
                 matter
                 into
                 a
                 Crucible
                 ,
                 setting
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 fire
                 ,
                 't
                 will
                 melt
                 ,
                 and
                 you
                 'l
                 regain
                 four
                 ounces
                 of
                 Lead
                 ,
                 and
                 half
                 an
                 ounce
                 ,
                 or
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 six
                 drachms
                 of
                 a
                 yellow
                 earth
                 coloured
                 like
                 
                   Litharge
                   of
                   Gold.
                
                 
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 evident
                 from
                 this
                 Operation
                 that
                 an
                 ounce
                 and
                 six
                 drachms
                 of
                 the
                 more
                 Acid
                 parts
                 of
                 Vinegar
                 are
                 sufficient
                 to
                 impregnate
                 four
                 ounces
                 and
                 two
                 drachms
                 of
                 Lead
                 ,
                 to
                 reduce
                 it
                 into
                 Salt
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 strangest
                 thing
                 that
                 happens
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 great
                 change
                 that
                 acids
                 do
                 give
                 it
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 known
                 again
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Augmentation
                 that
                 the
                 Lead
                 in
                 the
                 Retort
                 does
                 here
                 receive
                 ,
                 is
                 as
                 evident
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 ;
                 for
                 six
                 drachms
                 are
                 taken
                 out
                 of
                 it
                 at
                 last
                 ,
                 more
                 than
                 were
                 put
                 in
                 of
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Saturn
                
                 ,
                 besides
                 an
                 ounce
                 and
                 six
                 drachms
                 of
                 liquor
                 that
                 were
                 drawn
                 out
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 we
                 must
                 necessarily
                 conclude
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 four
                 ounces
                 and
                 two
                 drachms
                 of
                 Lead
                 are
                 encreased
                 two
                 ounces
                 and
                 an
                 half
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 probable
                 enough
                 that
                 the
                 more
                 rarified
                 the
                 Lead
                 becomes
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 capable
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 of
                 igneous
                 particles
                 ;
                 for
                 although
                 the
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Saturn
                
                 is
                 not
                 suffer'd
                 to
                 remain
                 long
                 in
                 the
                 fire
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 Lead
                 encreases
                 apace
                 .
                 Possibly
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 ,
                 that
                 as
                 fast
                 as
                 the
                 acids
                 go
                 out
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 igneous
                 bodies
                 enter
                 
                 in
                 their
                 place
                 ,
                 and
                 open
                 likewise
                 the
                 Pores
                 of
                 Lead
                 by
                 their
                 nimble
                 motion
                 ;
                 but
                 these
                 Pores
                 must
                 needs
                 be
                 so
                 disposed
                 as
                 to
                 shut
                 again
                 like
                 valvules
                 ,
                 and
                 hinder
                 the
                 return
                 back
                 of
                 those
                 fiery
                 parts
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 this
                 Calx
                 is
                 Calcined
                 in
                 an
                 open
                 fire
                 in
                 a
                 Crucible
                 ,
                 without
                 stirring
                 it
                 ,
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 Lead
                 close
                 together
                 and
                 expel
                 the
                 fiery
                 particles
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Lead
                 revives
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 before
                 ,
                 and
                 recovers
                 its
                 Natural
                 gravity
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 matter
                 when
                 shut
                 up
                 in
                 the
                 Retort
                 would
                 never
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 revive
                 ,
                 let
                 the
                 fire
                 be
                 made
                 never
                 so
                 strong
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 igneous
                 particles
                 would
                 have
                 no
                 liberty
                 to
                 get
                 out
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 
                   Yellow
                   earth
                
                 that
                 's
                 found
                 in
                 the
                 Crucible
                 seems
                 to
                 be
                 of
                 a
                 Golden
                 colour
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 terrestrious
                 and
                 bituminous
                 impurity
                 that
                 the
                 Lead
                 is
                 purified
                 from
                 .
                 There
                 should
                 be
                 indeed
                 but
                 two
                 drachms
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 because
                 four
                 ounces
                 of
                 Lead
                 are
                 recovered
                 ,
                 wherefore
                 the
                 Augmentation
                 must
                 needs
                 be
                 from
                 the
                 fiery
                 parts
                 that
                 remained
                 in
                 it
                 as
                 in
                 a
                 Calx
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Saturn
                
                 becomes
                 inflammable
                 from
                 its
                 containing
                 in
                 it
                 some
                 spirit
                 of
                 Wine
                 ,
                 that
                 remains
                 still
                 involved
                 in
                 the
                 Vinegar
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 carried
                 away
                 with
                 the
                 acids
                 into
                 the
                 Pores
                 of
                 Lead
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Saturn
                
                 was
                 made
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 you
                 quicken
                 the
                 Fire
                 to
                 distil
                 this
                 Salt
                 ,
                 the
                 acids
                 break
                 in
                 pieces
                 ,
                 and
                 leave
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Wine
                 at
                 liberty
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 that
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Saturn
                 hath
                 no
                 acid
                 taste
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 matter
                 that
                 remains
                 in
                 the
                 Retort
                 after
                 the
                 Operation
                 may
                 be
                 easily
                 revived
                 into
                 Lead
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 deprived
                 of
                 the
                 acids
                 which
                 gave
                 it
                 the
                 form
                 of
                 Salt.
                 
              
               
               
                 The
                 Salt
                 of
                 Saturn
                 may
                 be
                 likewise
                 revived
                 into
                 Lead
                 by
                 mixing
                 it
                 with
                 an
                 Alkali
                 Salt
                 melted
                 in
                 a
                 Crucible
                 with
                 a
                 good
                 fire
                 ,
                 because
                 this
                 last
                 Salt
                 destroys
                 the
                 acids
                 that
                 kept
                 the
                 Lead
                 thus
                 disguised
                 ;
                 but
                 you
                 must
                 observe
                 that
                 it
                 will
                 flame
                 before
                 it
                 revives
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Wine
                 that
                 I
                 said
                 was
                 included
                 in
                 the
                 dissolution
                 of
                 Cerusse
                 made
                 by
                 Vinegar
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             VI.
             
               Of
               Copper
            
             .
          
           
             COpper
             is
             a
             Metal
             that
             abounds
             in
             Vitriol
             and
             Sulphur
             :
             it
             is
             called
             Venus
             ,
             because
             this
             Planet
             was
             thought
             to
             govern
             it
             particularly
             ,
             and
             bestow
             its
             Influences
             upon
             it
             :
             and
             for
             this
             reason
             there
             hath
             been
             attributed
             unto
             it
             the
             virtue
             of
             encreasing
             seed
             ,
             and
             curing
             the
             diseases
             of
             those
             parts
             that
             serve
             for
             Generation
             .
          
           
             But
             because
             Copper
             contains
             in
             it
             a
             Corrosive
             quality
             ,
             I
             would
             advise
             no
             body
             to
             use
             it
             inwardly
             .
          
           
             Copper
             takes
             Rust
             very
             easily
             ,
             for
             if
             you
             leave
             but
             a
             drop
             of
             Water
             some
             hours
             upon
             a
             piece
             of
             it
             ,
             it
             makes
             a
             Verdegreese
             .
             Have
             a
             care
             of
             drinking
             water
             ,
             that
             has
             lain
             in
             Copper
             vessels
             ,
             for
             it
             always
             dissolves
             some
             portion
             of
             it
             ,
             which
             appears
             easily
             from
             the
             taste
             it
             leaves
             in
             it
             .
          
           
           
             It
             will
             not
             be
             altogether
             amiss
             to
             make
             mention
             here
             of
             an
             effect
             that
             is
             no
             less
             strange
             than
             usual
             .
             'T
             is
             that
             Water
             or
             any
             other
             liquor
             that
             's
             heated
             or
             boil'd
             in
             a
             Copper
             vessel
             for
             a
             whole
             day
             together
             ,
             savours
             not
             at
             all
             ,
             or
             not
             so
             much
             of
             the
             Copper
             ,
             provided
             that
             it
             be
             not
             removed
             off
             the
             fire
             all
             that
             time
             ,
             as
             other
             water
             warm'd
             in
             a
             like
             vessel
             ,
             and
             put
             from
             the
             fire
             but
             an
             hour
             ;
             for
             whereas
             water
             alone
             can
             dissolve
             something
             of
             the
             Copper
             ,
             it
             would
             seem
             that
             being
             aided
             with
             the
             heat
             of
             fire
             ,
             it
             should
             partake
             of
             its
             nature
             the
             more
             .
             Now
             in
             my
             opinion
             this
             is
             the
             most
             rational
             explication
             that
             can
             be
             given
             of
             this
             matter
             .
          
           
             Every
             body
             may
             perceive
             that
             when
             the
             water
             begins
             to
             heat
             in
             a
             Copper
             vessel
             ,
             that
             's
             set
             over
             the
             fire
             ,
             little
             Atoms
             do
             rise
             at
             bottom
             like
             the
             stirring
             of
             a
             powder
             ,
             and
             these
             Atoms
             do
             encrease
             according
             as
             the
             water
             receives
             more
             heat
             ,
             so
             that
             at
             length
             they
             make
             it
             boil
             on
             high
             ;
             these
             little
             Atoms
             can
             have
             no
             other
             cause
             than
             the
             
               fiery
               particles
            
             ,
             which
             passing
             through
             the
             vessel
             ,
             do
             drive
             the
             water
             upwards
             apace
             ,
             and
             rarifie
             its
             parts
             ;
             for
             this
             reason
             it
             is
             that
             the
             water
             is
             not
             able
             to
             dissolve
             any
             of
             the
             Copper
             ,
             for
             being
             continually
             raised
             upwards
             ,
             it
             can
             make
             no
             impression
             upon
             the
             bottom
             of
             the
             vessel
             .
          
           
             Perhaps
             some
             will
             tell
             me
             ,
             that
             the
             liquor
             might
             take
             the
             impression
             of
             the
             Copper
             ,
             at
             the
             sides
             of
             the
             Bason
             ;
             but
             it
             is
             easie
             to
             imagine
             that
             though
             there
             don't
             pass
             through
             the
             sides
             so
             many
             fiery
             particles
             as
             do
             at
             the
             bottom
             ,
             there
             do
             pass
             nevertheless
             enough
             to
             hinder
             the
             liquor
             from
             sticking
             to
             or
             dissolving
             any
             particles
             of
             the
             vessel
             .
          
           
           
             But
             now
             on
             the
             contrary
             the
             vessel
             being
             remov'd
             from
             off
             the
             fire
             ,
             and
             the
             motion
             of
             the
             igneous
             particles
             being
             quite
             ceased
             ,
             the
             liquor
             partakes
             easily
             of
             the
             Copper
             ,
             and
             so
             much
             the
             more
             easily
             as
             the
             fire
             has
             rarified
             the
             metal
             ,
             and
             rendred
             it
             more
             proper
             for
             dissolution
             .
          
           
             Every
             thing
             seems
             to
             confirm
             this
             Opinion
             ,
             for
             if
             any
             liquor
             is
             put
             to
             boil
             over
             a
             strong
             fire
             in
             a
             Copper
             vessel
             ,
             it
             will
             not
             impregnate
             in
             the
             least
             ,
             but
             if
             you
             place
             it
             upon
             a
             small
             fire
             ,
             and
             leave
             it
             so
             for
             some
             time
             ,
             then
             because
             there
             will
             not
             pass
             enough
             fiery
             particles
             ,
             to
             cover
             all
             the
             surface
             of
             the
             vessel
             ,
             and
             raise
             up
             the
             liquor
             ,
             it
             will
             take
             some
             taste
             of
             the
             Copper
             ;
             but
             this
             taste
             will
             not
             be
             so
             strong
             as
             if
             you
             had
             left
             it
             the
             same
             length
             of
             time
             in
             such
             a
             vessel
             off
             the
             fire
             ,
             after
             it
             had
             been
             warm'd
             .
          
           
             Liquors
             that
             are
             full
             of
             Salts
             do
             take
             the
             impression
             of
             Copper
             much
             more
             easily
             than
             those
             that
             are
             not
             .
             Thus
             Confectioners
             do
             observe
             what
             I
             have
             mentioned
             ;
             for
             though
             they
             boil
             their
             Confections
             in
             vessels
             of
             Copper
             for
             a
             considerable
             time
             ,
             they
             find
             them
             taste
             nothing
             of
             the
             Copper
             ,
             but
             they
             know
             that
             if
             they
             should
             leave
             them
             but
             half
             an
             hour
             in
             the
             vessel
             taken
             off
             the
             fire
             ,
             they
             would
             be
             tainted
             with
             a
             most
             loathsom
             Copper
             taste
             .
          
           
             We
             may
             learn
             from
             this
             Discourse
             ,
             not
             to
             use
             a
             Copper
             vessel
             ,
             when
             we
             have
             a
             mind
             to
             boil
             or
             heat
             a
             liquor
             gently
             ,
             and
             when
             we
             do
             think
             fit
             to
             use
             it
             ,
             to
             be
             sure
             to
             keep
             a
             good
             brisk
             fire
             underneath
             ,
             and
             not
             to
             let
             what
             we
             have
             boil'd
             ,
             cool
             afterwards
             in
             a
             vessel
             of
             this
             nature
             .
          
           
           
             Another
             difficulty
             does
             here
             offer
             it self
             on
             this
             subject
             ,
             and
             it
             is
             to
             know
             why
             a
             Kettle
             that
             has
             been
             taken
             off
             the
             fire
             ,
             is
             not
             so
             hot
             at
             bottom
             as
             at
             the
             sides
             ,
             so
             that
             as
             soon
             as
             it
             is
             removed
             from
             off
             the
             fire
             ,
             one
             may
             touch
             it
             at
             bottom
             without
             burning
             ones
             finger
             ,
             which
             can't
             be
             done
             at
             the
             sides
             without
             present
             scalding
             .
          
           
             The
             reason
             of
             which
             is
             ,
             that
             the
             fiery
             particles
             tending
             upwards
             through
             the
             bottom
             of
             the
             kettle
             ,
             which
             is
             flat
             ,
             in
             a
             direct
             line
             ,
             don't
             make
             any
             stop
             in
             passing
             through
             ,
             having
             but
             a
             little
             distance
             to
             conquer
             before
             they
             come
             into
             the
             liquor
             ;
             but
             those
             that
             rise
             on
             the
             sides
             ,
             finding
             a
             longer
             space
             to
             make
             upon
             the
             kettle
             ,
             do
             many
             of
             them
             stop
             in
             the
             Pores
             of
             the
             Copper
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             not
             the
             same
             thing
             in
             vessels
             that
             are
             made
             in
             another
             form
             ,
             whose
             bottom
             is
             Globular
             ,
             because
             the
             fiery
             particles
             rising
             up
             in
             an
             indirect
             line
             ,
             do
             find
             more
             to
             do
             to
             pass
             through
             it
             ,
             than
             in
             a
             flat
             bottom
             ,
             and
             so
             by
             conference
             more
             of
             them
             do
             stop
             .
          
           
             But
             it
             is
             objected
             ,
             that
             if
             igneous
             bodies
             do
             pass
             through
             the
             bottom
             of
             the
             kettle
             without
             any
             stop
             ,
             they
             would
             not
             be
             able
             to
             heat
             it
             any
             more
             when
             it
             is
             empty
             than
             when
             it
             is
             filled
             with
             water
             ;
             nevertheless
             it
             is
             plain
             ,
             that
             when
             an
             empty
             vessel
             is
             set
             over
             the
             fire
             ,
             the
             bottom
             does
             heat
             and
             grow
             red-hot
             ,
             especially
             if
             left
             so
             a
             good
             while
             .
          
           
             I
             answer
             to
             this
             ,
             that
             when
             the
             kettle
             which
             was
             set
             in
             a
             great
             fire
             is
             full
             of
             liquor
             ,
             the
             fiery
             parts
             having
             passed
             through
             the
             bottom
             in
             a
             strait
             line
             ,
             as
             I
             said
             ,
             are
             in
             a
             manner
             absorbed
             by
             the
             liquor
             ,
             and
             have
             no
             more
             strength
             or
             action
             left
             to
             reflect
             again
             upon
             the
             bottom
             of
             the
             vessel
             ,
             
             and
             so
             to
             beat
             it
             ;
             but
             now
             when
             it
             is
             empty
             ,
             the
             fiery
             parts
             which
             pass
             through
             the
             bottom
             ,
             finding
             nothing
             to
             drown
             them
             and
             check
             their
             motion
             ,
             many
             of
             them
             do
             return
             back
             upon
             the
             bottom
             ,
             and
             that
             way
             heat
             it
             so
             much
             as
             they
             do
             .
          
           
             And
             the
             same
             reason
             holds
             ,
             why
             an
             empty
             Tinn
             or
             Leaden
             vessel
             being
             set
             in
             the
             fire
             does
             quickly
             melt
             ,
             but
             when
             filled
             with
             liquor
             they
             will
             not
             melt
             ,
             make
             what
             fire
             under
             them
             you
             please
             ;
             for
             the
             fiery
             parts
             finding
             nothing
             that
             is
             able
             to
             hinder
             their
             activity
             in
             an
             empty
             vessel
             ,
             do
             pass
             to
             and
             fro
             through
             its
             pores
             often
             enough
             to
             melt
             it
             .
             But
             these
             same
             fiery
             parts
             finding
             moisture
             to
             engage
             them
             in
             a
             full
             vessel
             ,
             they
             cannot
             return
             upon
             the
             bottom
             so
             as
             to
             melt
             it
             .
          
           
             Copper
             does
             not
             melt
             so
             easily
             as
             many
             other
             matters
             ,
             because
             it
             contains
             more
             terrestrious
             parts
             than
             those
             others
             .
          
           
             Brass
             ,
             or
             
               Yellow
               Copper
            
             is
             a
             mixture
             of
             
               Lapis
               Calaminaris
            
             and
             Copper
             ,
             and
             vessels
             that
             are
             made
             of
             it
             give
             less
             impression
             to
             liquors
             than
             the
             others
             .
          
           
             
               Calcination
               of
               Copper
               .
            
             
               To
               
                 Calcine
                 Copper
              
               ,
               is
               to
               purifie
               it
               from
               its
               more
               Volatile
               parts
               ,
               by
               the
               means
               of
               common
               Sulphur
               and
               fire
               ,
               in
               order
               to
               render
               it
               the
               more
               compact
               .
            
             
               Stratifie
               plates
               of
               Copper
               with
               powder'd
               Sulphur
               in
               a
               large
               Crucible
               ,
               cover
               the
               Crucible
               with
               a
               Cover
               that
               hath
               a
               hole
               in
               the
               middle
               ,
               to
               give
               the
               Vapours
               vent
               .
               Place
               your
               Crucible
               in
               a
               Wind-furnace
               ,
               and
               light
               a
               very
               strong
               fire
               about
               it
               ,
               until
               there
               rise
               no
               more
               vapours
               ;
               then
               draw
               off
               
               your
               Plates
               as
               they
               are
               hot
               ,
               and
               separate
               them
               ,
               this
               is
               the
               
                 Aes
                 ustum
              
               that
               is
               used
               in
               outward
               remedies
               to
               deterge
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 making
                 of
                 this
                 stratification
                 we
                 begin
                 with
                 a
                 bed
                 of
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 and
                 lay
                 over
                 it
                 a
                 bed
                 of
                 Copper-plates
                 ,
                 then
                 another
                 bed
                 of
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 and
                 another
                 of
                 Plates
                 .
                 We
                 continue
                 to
                 do
                 so
                 till
                 the
                 Crucible
                 is
                 quite
                 full
                 ;
                 but
                 you
                 must
                 be
                 sure
                 to
                 let
                 the
                 first
                 and
                 last
                 bed
                 be
                 of
                 Sulphur
                 .
                 This
                 Calcination
                 is
                 thus
                 performed
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 common
                 Sulphur
                 by
                 its
                 burning
                 may
                 cleanse
                 the
                 Copper
                 of
                 its
                 superficial
                 Sulphur
                 ;
                 but
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 much
                 better
                 purified
                 by
                 the
                 following
                 Operation
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Purification
               of
               Copper
               .
            
             
               This
               second
               Purification
               of
               Copper
               is
               to
               render
               it
               fair
               to
               the
               eye
               ,
               and
               of
               a
               high
               colour
               .
            
             
               Take
               what
               quantity
               you
               please
               of
               
                 Calcined
                 Copper
              
               ,
               heat
               it
               red-hot
               in
               a
               Crucible
               placed
               among
               burning
               coals
               ,
               and
               cast
               it
               red-hot
               into
               a
               Pot
               ,
               wherein
               you
               shall
               have
               put
               enough
               Oil
               of
               Linseed
               to
               swim
               above
               it
               four
               fingers
               ;
               cover
               the
               Pot
               presently
               ,
               for
               otherwise
               the
               Oil
               would
               take
               fire
               ,
               let
               the
               Copper
               steep
               ,
               till
               the
               Oil
               is
               grown
               pretty
               cool
               ,
               separate
               it
               ,
               and
               put
               it
               to
               heat
               again
               in
               the
               Crucible
               ,
               then
               cast
               it
               into
               Oil
               of
               Linseed
               ;
               continue
               to
               made
               it
               red-hot
               ,
               and
               quench
               it
               in
               the
               Oil
               nine
               several
               times
               ,
               You
               must
               change
               your
               Oil
               every
               third
               
               time
               ;
               and
               you
               'l
               have
               a
               Copper
               well
               purified
               ,
               and
               of
               its
               former
               colour
               .
               If
               you
               Calcine
               it
               once
               again
               ,
               to
               consume
               the
               Oil
               ,
               and
               powder
               it
               ,
               you
               'l
               have
               a
               
                 Crocus
                 of
                 Copper
              
               ,
               that
               is
               detersive
               and
               good
               to
               eat
               the
               proud
               flesh
               of
               Wounds
               and
               Ulcers
               .
            
          
           
             
               Vitriol
               of
               Copper
               or
               Venus
               .
            
             
               This
               Operation
               is
               a
               Copper
               opened
               ,
               and
               transformed
               into
               a
               Vitriol
               by
               Spirit
               of
               Niter
               .
            
             
               Dissolve
               two
               ounces
               of
               Copper
               cut
               into
               little
               pieces
               in
               five
               or
               six
               ounces
               of
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Niter
              
               ,
               pour
               the
               dissolution
               into
               a
               Glass-Cucurbite
               ,
               and
               evaporate
               in
               Sand
               about
               the
               fourth
               part
               of
               the
               Liquor
               ;
               put
               that
               which
               remains
               into
               a
               Cellar
               ,
               or
               some
               other
               cool
               place
               ,
               and
               let
               it
               lye
               there
               five
               or
               six
               Hours
               ,
               you
               'l
               find
               
                 Blue
                 Crystals
              
               ,
               separate
               them
               ,
               and
               continue
               to
               evaporate
               and
               crystallize
               ,
               till
               you
               have
               drawn
               them
               all
               ;
               dry
               these
               Crystals
               ,
               and
               keep
               them
               in
               a
               Viol
               well
               stopt
               .
            
             
               They
               are
               Caustick
               ,
               and
               are
               used
               to
               consume
               superfluous
               or
               proud
               flesh
               .
            
             
               If
               you
               leave
               these
               Crystals
               in
               a
               Pan
               uncover'd
               ,
               they
               will
               turn
               into
               liquor
               ,
               that
               may
               serve
               for
               the
               same
               use
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 must
                 put
                 the
                 Copper
                 into
                 a
                 large
                 body
                 ,
                 placed
                 within
                 the
                 Chimney
                 ,
                 and
                 pour
                 to
                 it
                 by
                 little
                 and
                 little
                 the
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 ,
                 there
                 does
                 presently
                 rise
                 a
                 great
                 effervescency
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 red
                 cloud
                 from
                 
                 it
                 ,
                 which
                 would
                 be
                 very
                 mischievous
                 to
                 the
                 breast
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 were
                 not
                 avoided
                 .
                 Then
                 the
                 vessel
                 grows
                 so
                 hot
                 that
                 a
                 man
                 cannot
                 keep
                 his
                 hand
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 heat
                 continues
                 until
                 the
                 solution
                 be
                 finished
                 ,
                 for
                 then
                 the
                 liquor
                 clears
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 becomes
                 of
                 a
                 fair
                 blue
                 colour
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 great
                 effervescency
                 that
                 happens
                 ,
                 does
                 proceed
                 from
                 the
                 sutable
                 Pores
                 of
                 Copper
                 to
                 the
                 edges
                 of
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 can
                 make
                 their
                 entrance
                 and
                 jostles
                 with
                 a
                 good
                 force
                 ;
                 for
                 when
                 these
                 edges
                 ,
                 which
                 did
                 before
                 swim
                 with
                 all
                 liberty
                 in
                 a
                 liquid
                 ,
                 do
                 find
                 their
                 motion
                 checkt
                 in
                 the
                 body
                 of
                 the
                 metal
                 ,
                 they
                 do
                 strive
                 to
                 disengage
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 do
                 thereby
                 separate
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Copper
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 this
                 violent
                 separation
                 which
                 causes
                 the
                 ebullition
                 and
                 heat
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 acid
                 edges
                 striking
                 strongly
                 against
                 the
                 solid
                 parts
                 of
                 Copper
                 ,
                 do
                 cause
                 a
                 great
                 agitation
                 in
                 the
                 liquor
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 do
                 excite
                 a
                 heat
                 ,
                 much
                 after
                 the
                 manner
                 as
                 when
                 two
                 solid
                 bodies
                 are
                 beaten
                 against
                 one
                 another
                 violently
                 ,
                 they
                 grow
                 so
                 hot
                 as
                 even
                 to
                 strike
                 fire
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 red
                 cloud
                 is
                 derived
                 from
                 the
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 ,
                 which
                 upon
                 rarefaction
                 does
                 always
                 acquire
                 that
                 same
                 colour
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 Copper
                 is
                 but
                 half
                 dissolved
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 green
                 ,
                 but
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 all
                 dissolved
                 ,
                 it
                 assumes
                 a
                 blue
                 colour
                 ;
                 if
                 you
                 will
                 separate
                 the
                 acids
                 again
                 from
                 the
                 Copper
                 dissolved
                 ,
                 and
                 reunite
                 the
                 parts
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 fire
                 ,
                 it
                 recovers
                 its
                 red
                 colour
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 that
                 the
                 acids
                 have
                 divided
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 Copper
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 able
                 ,
                 they
                 stick
                 fast
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 suspend
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 liquor
                 .
                 Some
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 liquor
                 is
                 evaporated
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 rest
                 
                 may
                 crystallize
                 the
                 more
                 easily
                 .
                 That
                 which
                 flies
                 away
                 in
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 solution
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 more
                 phlegmatick
                 part
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Vitriol
                   of
                   Copper
                
                 is
                 nothing
                 but
                 the
                 acids
                 of
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 incorporated
                 in
                 the
                 Copper
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 these
                 Spirits
                 that
                 cause
                 all
                 the
                 Corrosion
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 are
                 like
                 so
                 many
                 little
                 knives
                 fastned
                 to
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 the
                 Copper
                 ,
                 which
                 do
                 tear
                 and
                 gnaw
                 the
                 flesh
                 on
                 which
                 they
                 are
                 applied
                 .
                 This
                 Vitriol
                 dissolves
                 into
                 Liquor
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Copper
                 having
                 large
                 Pores
                 ,
                 the
                 moisture
                 doth
                 easily
                 insinuate
                 into
                 them
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Other
               Crystals
               of
               Venus
               .
            
             
               These
               
                 Crystals
                 of
                 Venus
              
               are
               the
               acid
               part
               of
               the
               Vinegar
               incorporated
               into
               Copper
               .
            
             
               Take
               what
               quantity
               you
               please
               of
               Verdegrease
               in
               powder
               ,
               put
               it
               into
               a
               large
               Matrass
               ,
               and
               pour
               upon
               it
               distilled
               Vinegar
               four
               fingers
               above
               it
               .
               Place
               the
               Matrass
               in
               Digestion
               in
               hot
               Sand
               ,
               and
               let
               it
               lye
               so
               three
               days
               stirring
               it
               ever
               now
               and
               then
               ,
               the
               Vinegar
               will
               acquire
               a
               blue
               colour
               ;
               separate
               by
               Inclination
               the
               liquor
               that
               swims
               upon
               the
               Copper
               ,
               and
               pour
               new
               distilled
               Vinegar
               upon
               the
               matter
               ,
               leave
               it
               in
               Digestion
               for
               three
               days
               as
               before
               ,
               decant
               the
               Liquor
               ,
               and
               continue
               to
               put
               other
               distilled
               Vinegar
               on
               the
               matter
               ,
               until
               three
               fourths
               of
               the
               Verdegrease
               or
               thereabouts
               be
               dissolved
               ,
               and
               there
               remains
               nothing
               but
               a
               terrestrious
               matter
               .
               Then
               Filtrate
               all
               these
               Impregnations
               ,
               and
               evaporate
               two
               thirds
               of
               the
               moisture
               in
               a
               Olass
               Body
               in
               Sand
               ;
               put
               the
               Vessel
               into
               a
               Celler
               ,
               and
               leave
               it
               there
               without
               stirring
               it
               
               four
               or
               five
               days
               :
               little
               Crystals
               will
               appear
               ,
               separate
               by
               Inclination
               the
               Liquor
               ,
               and
               gather
               them
               up
               ;
               consume
               again
               about
               the
               third
               part
               of
               the
               moisture
               ,
               and
               put
               it
               a
               crystallizing
               as
               before
               ;
               continue
               these
               Evaporations
               and
               Crystallizations
               ,
               till
               you
               have
               got
               all
               your
               Crystals
               ,
               dry
               them
               ,
               and
               keep
               them
               for
               the
               following
               Operation
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 had
                 better
                 use
                 Verdegrease
                 than
                 crude
                 Copper
                 in
                 this
                 Operation
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 is
                 more
                 open
                 ,
                 and
                 disposed
                 for
                 solution
                 by
                 the
                 acids
                 of
                 Vinegar
                 ;
                 for
                 Verdegrease
                 is
                 nothing
                 but
                 a
                 Copper
                 opened
                 ,
                 and
                 reduced
                 to
                 a
                 rust
                 by
                 the
                 fermenting
                 spirits
                 of
                 Tartar
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 the
                 making
                 of
                 Verdegrease
                 ,
                 Plates
                 of
                 Copper
                 are
                 stratified
                 with
                 the
                 husks
                 of
                 Grapes
                 pressed
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 left
                 so
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 part
                 of
                 these
                 Plates
                 is
                 turned
                 into
                 Verdegrease
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 scraped
                 off
                 with
                 a
                 Knife
                 ;
                 then
                 these
                 same
                 Plates
                 are
                 stratified
                 again
                 with
                 pressed
                 Grapes
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 penetrated
                 as
                 before
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 Verdegrease
                 made
                 .
                 This
                 stratification
                 is
                 continued
                 until
                 the
                 whole
                 is
                 turned
                 into
                 Verdegrease
                 .
                 You
                 must
                 observe
                 that
                 Verdegrease
                 is
                 better
                 made
                 in
                 Languedock
                 and
                 Provence
                 than
                 other
                 places
                 ,
                 because
                 in
                 those
                 Countries
                 the
                 Grapes
                 do
                 yield
                 more
                 Tartar
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 do
                 abound
                 in
                 these
                 fermenting
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 which
                 do
                 penetrate
                 the
                 Copper
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 
                   Crystals
                   of
                   Venus
                
                 are
                 nothing
                 but
                 Copper
                 dissolved
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 coagulated
                 with
                 the
                 acids
                 of
                 Vinegar
                 ,
                 that
                 incorporate
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 form
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               Spirit
               of
               Venus
               .
            
             
               Put
               what
               quantity
               you
               please
               of
               the
               
                 Crystals
                 of
                 Venus
              
               prepared
               with
               distill'd
               Vinegar
               ,
               as
               I
               shewed
               before
               ,
               into
               a
               Glass
               Retort
               ,
               whose
               third
               part
               remains
               empty
               .
               Place
               your
               Retort
               in
               Sand
               ,
               and
               Fitting
               to
               it
               a
               large
               Receiver
               ,
               and
               Luting
               well
               the
               junctures
               ,
               give
               a
               small
               Fire
               at
               first
               ,
               to
               drive
               out
               a
               little
               insipid
               Phlegm
               ;
               this
               Phlegm
               will
               be
               followed
               by
               a
               Volatile
               Spirit
               .
               Then
               augment
               the
               Fire
               by
               degrees
               ,
               and
               the
               Receiver
               will
               fill
               with
               white
               Clouds
               .
               Towards
               the
               latter
               end
               kindle
               coals
               round
               about
               the
               Retort
               ,
               that
               the
               last
               Spirits
               may
               come
               forth
               ,
               for
               they
               are
               the
               strongest
               .
               When
               you
               see
               the
               clouds
               disappear
               ,
               and
               the
               Recipient
               grow
               cool
               ,
               put
               out
               the
               Fire
               :
               unlute
               the
               junctures
               ,
               and
               pour
               all
               that
               which
               is
               in
               the
               Recipient
               into
               a
               Glass
               Body
               to
               distil
               it
               in
               Sand
               until
               it
               is
               dry
               .
               This
               is
               the
               rectified
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Venus
              
               .
            
             
               This
               Remedy
               is
               used
               against
               the
               Epilepsie
               ,
               the
               Palsie
               ,
               the
               Apoplexie
               ,
               and
               other
               Diseases
               of
               the
               Head.
               Seven
               or
               Eight
               drops
               of
               it
               are
               given
               in
               a
               convenient
               Vehicle
               :
               many
               do
               use
               it
               to
               dissolve
               Pearl
               ,
               Coral
               ,
               and
               such
               like
               substances
               .
            
             
               The
               black
               Mass
               that
               remains
               in
               the
               Retort
               may
               be
               revived
               into
               Copper
               ,
               if
               put
               in
               a
               Crucible
               in
               a
               Fire
               of
               Fusion
               ,
               with
               a
               little
               Salt-peter
               ,
               or
               Tartar
               .
            
             
               
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Acid
                 is
                 drawn
                 from
                 the
                 Copper
                 by
                 fire
                 without
                 breaking
                 its
                 points
                 ;
                 for
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Venus
                
                 is
                 considerably
                 sharp
                 ,
                 which
                 happens
                 not
                 in
                 other
                 Metals
                 .
                 The
                 reason
                 that
                 may
                 be
                 given
                 of
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 Copper
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 very
                 full
                 of
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 doth
                 but
                 barely
                 touch
                 upon
                 the
                 Acids
                 by
                 its
                 ramous
                 parts
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 when
                 these
                 points
                 are
                 stirred
                 by
                 the
                 violence
                 of
                 fire
                 ,
                 they
                 come
                 forth
                 whole
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 do
                 not
                 meet
                 with
                 resistance
                 of
                 a
                 body
                 hard
                 enough
                 to
                 break
                 them
                 in
                 pieces
                 .
                 They
                 do
                 also
                 draw
                 along
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 Volatile
                 parts
                 of
                 Copper
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 they
                 are
                 inseparably
                 united
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 hath
                 been
                 thought
                 that
                 this
                 Spirit
                 being
                 poured
                 upon
                 Coral
                 and
                 Pearl
                 ,
                 was
                 able
                 to
                 dissolve
                 them
                 without
                 losing
                 any
                 thing
                 of
                 its
                 force
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 when
                 you
                 would
                 use
                 the
                 same
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 corrode
                 the
                 Matters
                 as
                 before
                 .
                 But
                 Experience
                 doth
                 not
                 confirm
                 it
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 true
                 the
                 dissolvent
                 comes
                 from
                 the
                 Coral
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 sharpness
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 hath
                 lost
                 the
                 Acidity
                 which
                 was
                 the
                 principal
                 Menstruum
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 there
                 remains
                 any
                 sharpness
                 ,
                 it
                 proceeds
                 from
                 the
                 Copper
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 use
                 a
                 pound
                 of
                 Crystals
                 of
                 Venus
                 in
                 this
                 distillation
                 ,
                 you
                 'l
                 draw
                 half
                 a
                 pound
                 of
                 liquor
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 matter
                 which
                 remains
                 in
                 the
                 Retort
                 will
                 be
                 just
                 the
                 same
                 quantity
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             VII
             .
             
               Of
               Iron
            
             .
          
           
             IRon
             is
             called
             Mars
             from
             the
             Planet
             of
             that
             name
             ,
             whose
             Influence
             it
             is
             thought
             to
             receive
             ;
             it
             is
             a
             very
             Porous
             Metal
             compounded
             of
             a
             Vitriolick
             Salt
             ,
             Sulphur
             ,
             and
             Earth
             ,
             ill
             digested
             together
             ;
             wherefore
             the
             dissolution
             of
             its
             parts
             is
             very
             easily
             performed
             .
          
           
             Iron
             is
             found
             in
             many
             Mines
             in
             Europe
             ,
             in
             form
             of
             a
             Stone
             or
             Marcassite
             ,
             which
             much
             resembles
             the
             Loadstone
             ,
             but
             this
             last
             is
             more
             heavy
             and
             brittle
             than
             Iron
             .
             The
             Loadstone
             is
             also
             found
             in
             Mines
             of
             Iron
             ,
             and
             may
             be
             reduced
             into
             Iron
             by
             a
             strong
             fire
             .
             Iron
             for
             its
             part
             does
             easily
             acquire
             the
             virtue
             of
             the
             Loadstone
             ,
             as
             every
             body
             knows
             ,
             so
             that
             these
             bodies
             do
             seem
             to
             differ
             only
             in
             the
             figure
             of
             their
             Pores
             ,
             as
             has
             been
             very
             well
             observed
             by
             our
             modern
             Philosophers
             .
          
           
             Iron
             in
             the
             stone
             is
             melted
             in
             large
             Furnaces
             made
             on
             purpose
             ,
             both
             to
             purifie
             it
             from
             some
             earth
             ,
             and
             to
             bring
             it
             into
             the
             Form
             we
             desire
             .
             Having
             continued
             some
             time
             in
             Fusion
             ,
             it
             Vitrifies
             as
             it
             were
             ,
             and
             much
             resembles
             an
             Enamel
             of
             several
             colours
             ;
             and
             it
             enters
             indeed
             into
             the
             composition
             of
             ordinary
             Enamels
             ,
             with
             
               Lead
               ,
               Tinn
               ,
               Antimony
               ,
               Sand
               ,
            
             the
             Saphire
             ,
             the
             Stone
             of
             Perigord
             ,
             (
             a
             Province
             in
             
               France
               )
               Gravelled
               ashes
            
             ,
             and
             the
             ashes
             of
             a
             Plant
             called
             Kali
             .
          
           
           
             It
             is
             turned
             into
             Steel
             by
             means
             of
             Horns
             or
             Nails
             of
             Animals
             ,
             with
             which
             it
             is
             stratified
             ,
             and
             so
             Calcined
             .
             These
             matters
             containing
             a
             great
             deal
             of
             Volatile
             Salt
             which
             is
             an
             Alkali
             ,
             do
             kill
             or
             destroy
             the
             Acids
             of
             the
             Iron
             ,
             that
             kept
             its
             Pores
             open
             ,
             and
             do
             render
             it
             more
             compact
             .
             Besides
             the
             Fire
             carries
             off
             many
             of
             the
             more
             Volatile
             and
             Soluble
             parts
             of
             Iron
             ,
             whence
             it
             comes
             to
             pass
             ,
             that
             Steel
             will
             remain
             longer
             without
             rusting
             than
             Iron
             .
          
           
             Steel
             is
             to
             be
             preferred
             before
             Iron
             for
             the
             making
             of
             Vtensils
             ;
             but
             for
             
               Remedies
               ,
               Iron
            
             is
             the
             better
             beyond
             comparison
             .
             I
             shall
             give
             you
             the
             reasons
             for
             what
             I
             say
             in
             the
             following
             Operations
             .
          
           
             Although
             Mars
             does
             contain
             an
             Acid
             Vitriolick
             Salt
             ,
             yet
             it
             ceases
             not
             the
             being
             an
             Alkali
             ,
             for
             it
             ferments
             with
             Acids
             ,
             and
             no
             body
             needs
             wonder
             at
             this
             effect
             ,
             when
             they
             consider
             there
             is
             more
             Earth
             than
             Salt
             in
             this
             Metal
             ,
             and
             this
             Earth
             containing
             this
             Salt
             within
             it
             ,
             retains
             Pores
             sufficient
             to
             receive
             the
             Points
             of
             Acids
             when
             thrown
             upon
             it
             ,
             and
             so
             does
             the
             office
             of
             an
             Alkali
             ;
             for
             as
             I
             have
             said
             speaking
             of
             the
             Principles
             ,
             it
             is
             sufficient
             for
             a
             body
             to
             be
             called
             an
             Alkali
             ,
             if
             it
             has
             its
             Pores
             so
             disposed
             as
             that
             the
             Acids
             may
             be
             able
             through
             their
             motion
             violently
             to
             separate
             whatsoever
             stands
             in
             their
             way
             .
          
           
             Mars
             is
             almost
             always
             Astringent
             by
             Stool
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             its
             Terrestrious
             parts
             ,
             and
             Aperitive
             by
             Vrine
             ,
             not
             only
             by
             reason
             of
             its
             piercing
             Salt
             ,
             but
             also
             because
             when
             the
             body
             is
             bound
             ,
             the
             humidities
             do
             more
             easily
             filter
             by
             way
             of
             Vrine
             .
          
           
             
             
               Opening
               Saffron
               of
               Mars
               .
            
             
               This
               Preparation
               is
               only
               a
               Rust
               of
               Iron
               contracted
               in
               the
               Dew
               .
            
             
               Wash
               well
               several
               
                 Iron
                 Plates
              
               ,
               and
               expose
               them
               to
               the
               Dew
               for
               a
               good
               while
               ,
               they
               will
               rust
               ,
               and
               you
               must
               gather
               up
               this
               rust
               .
               Set
               the
               same
               Plates
               again
               to
               receive
               the
               Dew
               ,
               and
               gather
               the
               Rust
               as
               before
               .
               Continue
               to
               do
               so
               till
               you
               have
               gotten
               enough
               .
            
             
               This
               Rust
               is
               really
               better
               than
               all
               the
               Preparations
               of
               Iron
               that
               are
               called
               Crocus
               .
               It
               is
               excellent
               for
               Obstructions
               of
               the
               Liver
               ,
               Pancreas
               ,
               Spleen
               ,
               and
               Mesentery
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               used
               very
               successfully
               for
               the
               Green-Sickness
               ,
               stopping
               of
               the
               Terms
               ,
               Dropsies
               ,
               and
               other
               Diseases
               that
               proceed
               from
               Oppilations
               .
               The
               Dose
               is
               from
               two
               grains
               unto
               two
               Scruples
               in
               Lozenges
               or
               Pills
               .
               Many
               do
               give
               Mars
               with
               Purgatives
               ,
               which
               is
               a
               good
               Practice
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Chymists
                 have
                 called
                 Calcin'd
                 Steel
                 Crocus
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 its
                 red
                 colour
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 have
                 given
                 this
                 name
                 to
                 many
                 other
                 Preparations
                 for
                 the
                 same
                 reason
                 .
              
               
                 Though
                 Steel
                 hath
                 been
                 always
                 used
                 in
                 the
                 Chymical
                 Preparations
                 that
                 are
                 used
                 in
                 Physick
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 preferred
                 before
                 Iron
                 for
                 the
                 Cure
                 of
                 Diseases
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 certain
                 nevertheless
                 that
                 Iron
                 is
                 fitter
                 for
                 that
                 
                 intent
                 than
                 Steel
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 is
                 more
                 Soluble
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 the
                 action
                 of
                 Iron
                 proceeds
                 from
                 nothing
                 but
                 its
                 Salt
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 reason
                 to
                 doubt
                 ,
                 )
                 the
                 Salt
                 of
                 Iron
                 must
                 be
                 much
                 more
                 easily
                 separated
                 in
                 the
                 stomach
                 than
                 that
                 of
                 Steel
                 ,
                 because
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 shewn
                 before
                 ,
                 the
                 Pores
                 of
                 Steel
                 are
                 more
                 close
                 than
                 those
                 of
                 Iron
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 this
                 must
                 have
                 quicker
                 effects
                 ;
                 besides
                 that
                 Steel
                 being
                 harder
                 to
                 be
                 dissolved
                 doth
                 sometimes
                 pass
                 away
                 with
                 the
                 excrements
                 ,
                 without
                 bestowing
                 any
                 impression
                 on
                 the
                 Chyle
                 .
                 The
                 reason
                 that
                 hath
                 induced
                 People
                 to
                 believe
                 that
                 Steel
                 is
                 better
                 for
                 use
                 than
                 Iron
                 ,
                 was
                 its
                 being
                 thought
                 to
                 be
                 deprived
                 of
                 many
                 impurities
                 by
                 Calcination
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 called
                 Impurity
                 is
                 the
                 more
                 open
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Iron
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 the
                 more
                 wholesome
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Preparation
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Saffron
                   of
                   Mars
                
                 is
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 common
                 road
                 ,
                 and
                 longer
                 a
                 doing
                 than
                 the
                 others
                 ;
                 but
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 all
                 that
                 ever
                 were
                 invented
                 .
                 The
                 Dew
                 is
                 impregnated
                 with
                 a
                 Dissolvent
                 that
                 opens
                 very
                 much
                 the
                 Pores
                 of
                 Iron
                 ,
                 and
                 incorporating
                 with
                 it
                 renders
                 it
                 more
                 active
                 and
                 soluble
                 than
                 it
                 was
                 before
                 .
              
               
                 Iron
                 doth
                 open
                 Obstructions
                 by
                 its
                 salt
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 assisted
                 with
                 the
                 solid
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Metal
                 ,
                 penetrates
                 further
                 than
                 other
                 Salts
                 .
                 But
                 you
                 must
                 always
                 purge
                 and
                 moisten
                 the
                 Person
                 you
                 give
                 it
                 to
                 with
                 broths
                 before
                 you
                 presume
                 to
                 give
                 it
                 ,
                 because
                 if
                 it
                 should
                 find
                 the
                 passages
                 of
                 the
                 small
                 Vessels
                 filled
                 and
                 obstructed
                 with
                 gross
                 matters
                 ,
                 it
                 stops
                 and
                 sometimes
                 causes
                 Inflammations
                 that
                 create
                 pains
                 like
                 to
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 Colick
                 .
              
               
                 Many
                 do
                 use
                 the
                 
                   filings
                   of
                   Steel
                
                 without
                 any
                 Preparation
                 at
                 all
                 .
              
               
               
                 Iron
                 doth
                 frequently
                 open
                 Obstructions
                 by
                 absorbing
                 ,
                 as
                 an
                 Alkali
                 ,
                 the
                 Acid
                 that
                 fomented
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 Seeing
                 that
                 some
                 persons
                 have
                 indeavoured
                 to
                 contradict
                 the
                 Remarks
                 I
                 have
                 made
                 upon
                 the
                 Effects
                 of
                 Mars
                 ,
                 and
                 particularly
                 concerning
                 the
                 preference
                 I
                 have
                 given
                 Iron
                 to
                 Steel
                 for
                 Physical
                 uses
                 ,
                 I
                 have
                 thought
                 it
                 not
                 convenient
                 to
                 end
                 this
                 Chapter
                 ,
                 before
                 I
                 have
                 laid
                 down
                 and
                 Answered
                 their
                 Objections
                 .
              
               
                 First
                 then
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 because
                 the
                 different
                 substances
                 of
                 Mars
                 cannot
                 be
                 separated
                 ,
                 as
                 those
                 of
                 Animals
                 and
                 Vegetables
                 can
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 in
                 vain
                 that
                 an
                 Aperitive
                 virtue
                 is
                 attributed
                 to
                 its
                 Salt.
                 
              
               
                 Answer
                 ,
                 I
                 grant
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 substances
                 of
                 Mars
                 can't
                 be
                 separated
                 so
                 easily
                 as
                 those
                 of
                 Animals
                 and
                 Vegetables
                 ;
                 but
                 because
                 we
                 find
                 Salts
                 to
                 be
                 Aperitive
                 ,
                 and
                 commonly
                 Remedies
                 that
                 are
                 so
                 ,
                 are
                 full
                 of
                 Salts
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 water
                 in
                 which
                 rust
                 of
                 Iron
                 has
                 steeped
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 ,
                 is
                 proper
                 to
                 open
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 Vrine
                 ,
                 it
                 seems
                 to
                 me
                 rational
                 enough
                 to
                 attribute
                 this
                 effect
                 of
                 Mars
                 principally
                 to
                 its
                 Salt
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 the
                 water
                 has
                 carried
                 off
                 any
                 taste
                 or
                 penetrating
                 quality
                 from
                 Iron
                 ,
                 there
                 's
                 nothing
                 at
                 all
                 in
                 Mars
                 that
                 is
                 able
                 to
                 contribute
                 such
                 a
                 virtue
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 besides
                 the
                 Salt
                 therein
                 dissolved
                 .
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 the
                 Earth
                 and
                 Salt
                 of
                 Mars
                 being
                 united
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 become
                 inseparable
                 ,
                 cannot
                 act
                 but
                 by
                 consent
                 of
                 both
                 ,
                 and
                 receive
                 together
                 joyntly
                 the
                 good
                 or
                 bad
                 impressions
                 ,
                 that
                 may
                 happen
                 to
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 Answer
                 ,
                 there
                 's
                 no
                 reason
                 to
                 think
                 the
                 Salt
                 of
                 Mars
                 absolutely
                 inseparable
                 from
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 water
                 in
                 which
                 this
                 Metal
                 has
                 steeped
                 or
                 boiled
                 ,
                 
                 after
                 Filtration
                 does
                 contain
                 a
                 Vitriolick
                 taste
                 ,
                 and
                 Aperitive
                 quality
                 .
                 Now
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 effect
                 of
                 Salt
                 to
                 dissolve
                 imperceptibly
                 in
                 Water
                 and
                 drive
                 by
                 Vrine
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 said
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 any
                 body
                 would
                 take
                 the
                 pains
                 to
                 steep
                 and
                 boil
                 gently
                 the
                 rust
                 of
                 Iron
                 a
                 good
                 while
                 in
                 water
                 ,
                 then
                 Filter
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 Evaporate
                 the
                 liquor
                 over
                 a
                 small
                 fire
                 to
                 a
                 Pellicle
                 ,
                 he
                 'l
                 by
                 Crystallization
                 or
                 by
                 an
                 entire
                 evaporation
                 of
                 the
                 humidity
                 ,
                 gain
                 a
                 small
                 quantity
                 of
                 Salt
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 probable
                 enough
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 much
                 more
                 in
                 the
                 water
                 ,
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 collected
                 from
                 the
                 strong
                 taste
                 it
                 had
                 of
                 Mars
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 being
                 something
                 of
                 a
                 Volatile
                 nature
                 ,
                 it
                 fum'd
                 away
                 in
                 the
                 Evaporation
                 .
                 I
                 do
                 not
                 say
                 nevertheless
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 close
                 connexion
                 of
                 Earth
                 with
                 the
                 Salt
                 of
                 Mars
                 is
                 altogether
                 unuseful
                 for
                 this
                 effect
                 ;
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 I
                 do
                 conceive
                 that
                 this
                 Earth
                 rendring
                 the
                 Salt
                 more
                 heavy
                 than
                 otherwise
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 ,
                 does
                 help
                 to
                 drive
                 it
                 forwards
                 ,
                 and
                 causes
                 the
                 Mars
                 sometimes
                 to
                 penetrate
                 as
                 much
                 by
                 its
                 gravity
                 as
                 by
                 its
                 Salt
                 ;
                 but
                 we
                 must
                 attribute
                 the
                 principal
                 virtue
                 to
                 the
                 Vehicle
                 which
                 is
                 Salt
                 ,
                 since
                 without
                 that
                 ,
                 the
                 Earth
                 would
                 be
                 a
                 dead
                 matter
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 have
                 no
                 more
                 action
                 than
                 other
                 Earths
                 bereaved
                 of
                 their
                 Salts
                 .
              
               
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 They
                 say
                 that
                 in
                 all
                 probability
                 Mars
                 does
                 act
                 only
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 preparations
                 which
                 the
                 different
                 juices
                 it
                 meets
                 with
                 in
                 the
                 stomach
                 do
                 make
                 ;
                 for
                 these
                 acid
                 juices
                 not
                 failing
                 to
                 encounter
                 with
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 dissolve
                 it
                 ,
                 there
                 results
                 from
                 this
                 dissolution
                 a
                 liberty
                 to
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 body
                 on
                 which
                 these
                 juices
                 did
                 act
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 their
                 restauration
                 a-new
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 am
                 willing
                 to
                 believe
                 that
                 sometimes
                 Mars
                 may
                 act
                 in
                 the
                 body
                 like
                 an
                 Alkali
                 ,
                 by
                 absorbing
                 and
                 
                 sweetning
                 the
                 acid
                 humour
                 which
                 it
                 meets
                 with
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 does
                 absorb
                 and
                 sweeten
                 the
                 acid
                 liquors
                 which
                 are
                 poured
                 upon
                 it
                 ;
                 but
                 it
                 must
                 not
                 be
                 concluded
                 from
                 hence
                 ,
                 that
                 its
                 Aperitive
                 faculty
                 does
                 always
                 consist
                 in
                 this
                 effect
                 ,
                 because
                 as
                 I
                 before
                 hinted
                 ,
                 the
                 water
                 in
                 which
                 Mars
                 has
                 been
                 put
                 to
                 boil
                 ,
                 is
                 Aperitive
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 Alkali
                 in
                 it
                 to
                 sweeten
                 the
                 acids
                 of
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 drunk
                 .
              
               
                 Fourthly
                 ,
                 They
                 object
                 ,
                 that
                 we
                 must
                 not
                 think
                 the
                 hardness
                 of
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 Steel
                 above
                 Iron
                 ,
                 whose
                 Pores
                 are
                 more
                 open
                 ,
                 does
                 render
                 it
                 less
                 proper
                 for
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Preparations
                 ,
                 seeing
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Vitriol
                
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 other
                 acids
                 are
                 found
                 to
                 dissolve
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 ease
                 both
                 Iron
                 and
                 Steel
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 Answer
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 
                   Corrosive
                   spirits
                
                 do
                 dissolve
                 Steel
                 ,
                 they
                 can
                 dissolve
                 Iron
                 more
                 easily
                 ;
                 and
                 whereas
                 a
                 smaller
                 quantity
                 of
                 them
                 can
                 operate
                 upon
                 Iron
                 than
                 Steel
                 ,
                 a
                 better
                 effect
                 does
                 thence
                 follow
                 .
              
               
                 Fifthly
                 ,
                 'T
                 is
                 objected
                 that
                 the
                 solidity
                 of
                 Steel
                 may
                 be
                 an
                 advantageous
                 circumstance
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 better
                 fixing
                 the
                 dissolving
                 Juices
                 that
                 are
                 in
                 the
                 stomach
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 for
                 Metals
                 the
                 pure
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 chosen
                 before
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 not
                 so
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 Answer
                 ,
                 that
                 instead
                 of
                 the
                 solidity
                 of
                 Steels
                 being
                 helpful
                 to
                 the
                 stomach
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 certainly
                 of
                 great
                 prejudice
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 to
                 those
                 other
                 parts
                 it
                 is
                 distributed
                 into
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 juices
                 that
                 are
                 found
                 in
                 the
                 stomach
                 being
                 but
                 weak
                 dissolvents
                 ,
                 are
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 penetrate
                 nor
                 rarifie
                 this
                 metal
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 too
                 hard
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 leave
                 it
                 crude
                 and
                 indigest
                 ,
                 heavy
                 and
                 troublesome
                 to
                 this
                 part
                 :
                 Wherefore
                 it
                 passes
                 away
                 by
                 Stool
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 
                 good
                 effect
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 often
                 happens
                 .
                 But
                 now
                 if
                 a
                 little
                 of
                 this
                 Steel
                 does
                 happen
                 to
                 pass
                 along
                 with
                 the
                 Chyle
                 ,
                 it
                 rather
                 causes
                 than
                 takes
                 away
                 Obstructions
                 ,
                 for
                 by
                 insinuating
                 into
                 small
                 vessels
                 ,
                 it
                 stops
                 in
                 the
                 narrow
                 passages
                 ,
                 and
                 causes
                 grievous
                 pains
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 what
                 is
                 said
                 concerning
                 the
                 Purity
                 of
                 Metals
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 of
                 great
                 use
                 to
                 Tradesmen
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 by
                 Purifying
                 metals
                 from
                 their
                 more
                 rarified
                 and
                 Volatile
                 parts
                 ,
                 do
                 make
                 them
                 the
                 less
                 Porous
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 the
                 less
                 liable
                 to
                 suffer
                 prejudice
                 from
                 Air
                 or
                 time
                 .
                 Thus
                 Steel
                 is
                 much
                 fitter
                 for
                 Utensils
                 than
                 Iron
                 ,
                 because
                 its
                 Pores
                 are
                 closer
                 laid
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 takes
                 not
                 rust
                 so
                 soon
                 as
                 Iron
                 ;
                 but
                 in
                 Remedies
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 the
                 same
                 thing
                 ,
                 for
                 those
                 Metals
                 that
                 are
                 more
                 rarified
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 more
                 easily
                 dissolved
                 in
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 are
                 such
                 as
                 we
                 find
                 best
                 effects
                 from
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 reason
                 I
                 have
                 given
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 what
                 Workmen
                 call
                 Purity
                 ,
                 is
                 often
                 but
                 an
                 impurity
                 in
                 Remedies
                 .
              
               
                 Sixthly
                 ,
                 They
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 one
                 would
                 hope
                 to
                 find
                 a
                 distinct
                 Salt
                 in
                 Mars
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 more
                 likely
                 to
                 find
                 it
                 in
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 Purified
                 ,
                 than
                 in
                 the
                 Faeces
                 which
                 are
                 separated
                 from
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 are
                 indeed
                 but
                 the
                 Impurities
                 of
                 Iron
                 ,
                 that
                 Steel
                 is
                 made
                 of
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 Answer
                 ,
                 there
                 would
                 be
                 some
                 reason
                 to
                 think
                 that
                 Salt
                 might
                 be
                 more
                 easily
                 found
                 in
                 Steel
                 than
                 Iron
                 ,
                 if
                 in
                 the
                 making
                 of
                 
                   Steel
                   ,
                   Iron
                
                 were
                 simply
                 Calcined
                 ,
                 without
                 adding
                 Nails
                 and
                 Horns
                 of
                 Animals
                 in
                 the
                 Calcination
                 ;
                 for
                 then
                 it
                 might
                 be
                 said
                 that
                 the
                 Sulphur
                 of
                 Iron
                 being
                 in
                 part
                 evaporated
                 ,
                 its
                 salt
                 would
                 be
                 the
                 more
                 Soluble
                 :
                 but
                 we
                 must
                 consider
                 that
                 the
                 
                   Volatile
                   salts
                
                 which
                 come
                 from
                 these
                 parts
                 of
                 Animals
                 ,
                 being
                 piercing
                 Alkali's
                 ,
                 
                 do
                 destroy
                 the
                 
                   acid
                   salts
                
                 of
                 Iron
                 ,
                 and
                 do
                 thereby
                 render
                 the
                 Steel
                 more
                 compact
                 ,
                 and
                 unfit
                 to
                 take
                 rust
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 salts
                 which
                 by
                 their
                 motion
                 did
                 rarifie
                 the
                 metal
                 ,
                 are
                 fixed
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 mortified
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 not
                 the
                 capacity
                 of
                 acting
                 as
                 they
                 did
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 the
                 reason
                 why
                 a
                 plate
                 of
                 Steel
                 that
                 has
                 infused
                 in
                 Water
                 will
                 not
                 give
                 so
                 great
                 Impression
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 plate
                 of
                 Iron
                 Calcined
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 weight
                 ,
                 infusing
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 will
                 do
                 .
              
               
                 Another
                 thing
                 remarkable
                 in
                 the
                 Calcination
                 of
                 Iron
                 to
                 turn
                 it
                 into
                 Steel
                 ,
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 thereby
                 deprived
                 of
                 its
                 more
                 
                   Volatile
                   salt
                
                 ,
                 which
                 should
                 have
                 most
                 effect
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 in
                 hopes
                 to
                 free
                 it
                 from
                 Impurities
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 called
                 the
                 Scories
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 better
                 part
                 of
                 Iron
                 that
                 has
                 been
                 rarified
                 by
                 its
                 salt
                 .
                 Thus
                 for
                 the
                 same
                 reason
                 that
                 some
                 are
                 pleased
                 to
                 call
                 the
                 rust
                 of
                 Iron
                 its
                 dross
                 ,
                 the
                 whole
                 metal
                 may
                 deserve
                 the
                 same
                 appellation
                 ,
                 all
                 of
                 it
                 being
                 capable
                 of
                 rusting
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 but
                 laid
                 in
                 the
                 open
                 air
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Another
               Aperitive
               Saffron
               of
               Mars
               .
            
             
               This
               Preparation
               is
               the
               filings
               of
               Iron
               turned
               into
               rust
               in
               the
               Rain
               .
            
             
               Put
               the
               
                 filings
                 of
                 Iron
              
               into
               an
               earthen
               Pot
               unglazed
               ,
               and
               expose
               it
               to
               the
               Rain
               until
               it
               turns
               into
               a
               Paste
               .
               Then
               set
               it
               a
               drying
               in
               the
               shade
               ,
               and
               it
               will
               rust
               ;
               powder
               it
               ,
               and
               expose
               it
               to
               the
               Rain
               again
               as
               before
               ,
               and
               so
               let
               it
               rust
               ;
               continue
               to
               rehumectate
               ,
               and
               rust
               this
               matter
               for
               twelve
               several
               times
               .
               Then
               powdering
               it
               very
               fine
               keep
               it
               for
               use
               .
               You
               may
               wet
               it
               with
               the
               water
               of
               Honey
               instead
               of
               Rain
               .
            
             
             
               This
               Crocus
               hath
               the
               same
               virtues
               as
               the
               other
               ,
               and
               is
               given
               in
               the
               same
               Dose
               .
               I
               cannot
               but
               prefer
               that
               which
               I
               described
               before
               ,
               because
               I
               conceive
               it
               to
               be
               more
               open
               than
               this
               .
            
          
           
             
               Another
               Opening
               Saffron
               of
               Mars
               .
            
             
               This
               Preparation
               is
               only
               the
               
                 filings
                 of
                 Iron
              
               Calcined
               with
               Sulphur
               .
            
             
               Take
               equal
               quantities
               of
               the
               
                 filings
                 of
                 Steel
              
               ,
               and
               Sulphur
               powdered
               .
               Mix
               them
               together
               ,
               and
               make
               them
               into
               a
               Paste
               with
               water
               ;
               put
               this
               Paste
               into
               an
               earthen
               Pan
               ,
               and
               leave
               it
               a
               fermenting
               four
               or
               five
               hours
               ,
               after
               which
               put
               the
               Pan
               over
               a
               good
               fire
               ,
               and
               stir
               the
               matter
               with
               an
               Iron
               Spatula
               ,
               it
               will
               flame
               ,
               and
               when
               the
               Sulphur
               is
               burnt
               ,
               it
               will
               appear
               black
               ;
               but
               continuing
               a
               good
               strong
               fire
               ,
               and
               stirring
               it
               about
               two
               hours
               ,
               it
               will
               be
               of
               a
               very
               red
               colour
               ,
               which
               declares
               to
               you
               the
               Operation
               is
               ended
               .
               Let
               it
               cool
               ,
               and
               this
               Crocus
               may
               serve
               in
               the
               same
               Diseases
               as
               the
               former
               ;
               the
               Dose
               is
               from
               fifteen
               Grains
               to
               a
               Drachm
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 have
                 thought
                 good
                 to
                 deliver
                 this
                 Preparation
                 for
                 the
                 convenience
                 of
                 such
                 who
                 need
                 a
                 great
                 quantity
                 of
                 
                   Saffron
                   of
                   Mars
                
                 ,
                 and
                 who
                 have
                 not
                 leasure
                 enough
                 to
                 make
                 it
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 descriptions
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 is
                 sooner
                 Calcined
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 of
                 a
                 redder
                 colour
                 than
                 any
                 that
                 are
                 made
                 with
                 fire
                 .
              
               
               
                 A
                 Paste
                 is
                 made
                 of
                 the
                 mixture
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 that
                 the
                 acidity
                 of
                 the
                 Sulphur
                 being
                 diluted
                 by
                 Water
                 may
                 insensibly
                 penetrate
                 the
                 Iron
                 ,
                 and
                 open
                 it
                 the
                 better
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 very
                 easie
                 to
                 observe
                 this
                 penetration
                 ,
                 seeing
                 that
                 the
                 matter
                 does
                 grow
                 so
                 hot
                 of
                 it self
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 man
                 can
                 hardly
                 endure
                 his
                 hand
                 upon
                 it
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 the
                 same
                 thing
                 whether
                 you
                 make
                 a
                 smaller
                 quantity
                 ,
                 or
                 make
                 five
                 and
                 twenty
                 or
                 thirty
                 pounds
                 of
                 this
                 Preparation
                 at
                 a
                 time
                 ,
                 it
                 flames
                 ,
                 and
                 half
                 calcines
                 before
                 it
                 is
                 put
                 upon
                 the
                 Fire
                 ,
                 which
                 cannot
                 be
                 explicated
                 but
                 by
                 the
                 violent
                 action
                 and
                 frication
                 of
                 the
                 acid
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Sulphur
                 against
                 the
                 solid
                 body
                 of
                 this
                 metal
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Operation
                 may
                 very
                 well
                 help
                 us
                 to
                 explicate
                 after
                 what
                 manner
                 the
                 Sulphurs
                 do
                 ferment
                 in
                 the
                 earth
                 when
                 it
                 happens
                 to
                 tremble
                 ,
                 and
                 fires
                 do
                 burst
                 forth
                 ,
                 as
                 does
                 too
                 often
                 happen
                 in
                 many
                 Countries
                 ,
                 and
                 among
                 others
                 at
                 Mount
                 Vesuvius
                 ,
                 and
                 Mount
                 Aetna
                 ;
                 for
                 these
                 Sulphurs
                 mixing
                 in
                 Iron
                 Mines
                 may
                 penetrate
                 the
                 Metal
                 ,
                 produce
                 a
                 heat
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 last
                 take
                 flame
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 as
                 they
                 do
                 in
                 the
                 present
                 Operation
                 .
                 And
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 in
                 vain
                 to
                 object
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 Air
                 in
                 the
                 earth
                 to
                 help
                 to
                 fire
                 the
                 Sulphurs
                 ;
                 for
                 there
                 are
                 clefts
                 sufficient
                 in
                 the
                 earth
                 to
                 give
                 entrance
                 unto
                 Air.
                 But
                 if
                 there
                 were
                 not
                 enough
                 ,
                 the
                 fermentation
                 which
                 happens
                 at
                 the
                 meeting
                 of
                 Iron
                 and
                 Brimstone
                 may
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 raise
                 the
                 earth
                 in
                 some
                 places
                 and
                 to
                 burst
                 it
                 a-sunder
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 great
                 heat
                 of
                 many
                 Mineral
                 waters
                 may
                 likewise
                 easily
                 be
                 explicated
                 by
                 the
                 means
                 of
                 these
                 Subterranean
                 Fires
                 ,
                 and
                 how
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 receive
                 those
                 Sulphurs
                 which
                 we
                 see
                 are
                 wont
                 to
                 be
                 separated
                 on
                 the
                 sides
                 of
                 the
                 Bath
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 water
                 is
                 not
                 disturbed
                 .
              
               
               
                 It
                 is
                 because
                 those
                 waters
                 do
                 pass
                 immediately
                 over
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 through
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 some
                 of
                 these
                 burning
                 earths
                 ,
                 wherein
                 they
                 are
                 heated
                 as
                 they
                 pass
                 ,
                 and
                 do
                 imbibe
                 the
                 Sulphur
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 arrived
                 to
                 the
                 place
                 of
                 the
                 Baths
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 there
                 a-while
                 setled
                 ,
                 this
                 Sulphur
                 being
                 a
                 fatt
                 body
                 cannot
                 so
                 intimately
                 mix
                 with
                 the
                 water
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 it
                 will
                 separate
                 to
                 the
                 sides
                 of
                 the
                 Bath
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 may
                 be
                 also
                 ,
                 that
                 some
                 Mineral
                 waters
                 do
                 owe
                 their
                 heat
                 to
                 a
                 natural
                 Quick-lime
                 they
                 may
                 meet
                 withal
                 in
                 their
                 passage
                 through
                 the
                 bowels
                 of
                 the
                 earth
                 ;
                 but
                 this
                 Quick-lime
                 is
                 only
                 a
                 stone
                 calcined
                 by
                 the
                 Subterranean
                 Fires
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 I
                 have
                 spoken
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 to
                 return
                 to
                 our
                 Operation
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 must
                 observe
                 to
                 make
                 this
                 Calcination
                 rather
                 in
                 an
                 earthen
                 Pan
                 ,
                 than
                 Pot
                 or
                 Crucible
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 stir
                 it
                 continually
                 with
                 a
                 Spatula
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Sulphur
                 may
                 exhale
                 the
                 more
                 easily
                 .
                 I
                 have
                 sometimes
                 tried
                 to
                 do
                 it
                 in
                 a
                 Crucible
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 matter
                 still
                 remained
                 black
                 ,
                 though
                 I
                 persisted
                 in
                 calcining
                 and
                 stirring
                 it
                 for
                 above
                 twelve
                 hours
                 together
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 have
                 used
                 a
                 Pound
                 of
                 Mars
                 ,
                 you
                 'l
                 get
                 at
                 least
                 a
                 pound
                 and
                 four
                 ounces
                 of
                 Crocus
                 ,
                 which
                 proves
                 ,
                 the
                 acids
                 of
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 igneous
                 bodies
                 to
                 incorporate
                 in
                 the
                 pores
                 of
                 the
                 Iron
                 ,
                 and
                 augment
                 its
                 weight
                 ,
              
               
                 The
                 red
                 colour
                 proceeds
                 from
                 Vitriol
                 that
                 Mars
                 is
                 full
                 off
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 calcined
                 grows
                 red
                 like
                 Colcothar
                 .
              
               
                 Many
                 other
                 Preparations
                 of
                 
                   Opening
                   Saffron
                   of
                   Mars
                
                 have
                 been
                 invented
                 ,
                 but
                 these
                 three
                 are
                 sufficient
                 as
                 being
                 the
                 best
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               Binding
               Saffron
               of
               Mars
               .
            
             
               This
               Preparation
               is
               the
               
                 filings
                 of
                 Iron
              
               deprived
               of
               their
               more
               Saline
               part
               .
            
             
               Take
               what
               quantity
               you
               please
               of
               the
               last
               
                 Aperitive
                 Saffron
                 of
                 Mars
              
               ;
               wash
               it
               five
               or
               six
               times
               with
               strong
               Vinegar
               ,
               leaving
               it
               to
               steep
               an
               hour
               at
               a
               time
               ,
               then
               calcine
               it
               in
               a
               Pot
               ,
               or
               upon
               a
               Tile
               in
               a
               great
               Fire
               five
               or
               six
               hours
               ;
               after
               that
               let
               it
               cool
               and
               keep
               it
               for
               use
               .
            
             
               It
               stops
               the
               Diarrhoea
               ,
               the
               immoderate
               flowing
               of
               the
               Hemorrhoids
               and
               Terms
               ;
               the
               Dose
               is
               from
               fifteen
               grains
               to
               a
               drachm
               in
               Lozenges
               ,
               or
               else
               in
               Pills
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 Because
                 Mars
                 is
                 an
                 impure
                 Vitriol
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 it
                 is
                 Calcined
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 astringent
                 it
                 is
                 .
                 But
                 seeing
                 that
                 which
                 renders
                 it
                 Aperitive
                 is
                 its
                 Salt
                 ,
                 or
                 more
                 soluble
                 part
                 ,
                 I
                 intend
                 by
                 washing
                 it
                 several
                 times
                 with
                 Vinegar
                 to
                 deprive
                 it
                 of
                 much
                 of
                 its
                 Salt.
                 Afterwards
                 I
                 Calcine
                 the
                 matter
                 to
                 carry
                 off
                 by
                 Fire
                 what
                 Aperitive
                 parts
                 might
                 remain
                 .
              
               
                 Not
                 that
                 I
                 expect
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 to
                 separate
                 intirely
                 all
                 that
                 is
                 Aperitive
                 in
                 Mars
                 from
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 astringent
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 a
                 thing
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 impossible
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 strict
                 union
                 of
                 its
                 Salt
                 and
                 earth
                 in
                 the
                 Mine
                 ;
                 but
                 I
                 do
                 believe
                 it
                 very
                 probable
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 there
                 be
                 any
                 thing
                 astringent
                 in
                 this
                 metal
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 cannot
                 be
                 denied
                 ,
                 it
                 must
                 needs
                 be
                 the
                 more
                 terrestrious
                 part
                 ,
              
               
               
                 I
                 may
                 likewise
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 the
                 astringent
                 Mars
                 has
                 sometimes
                 the
                 effect
                 of
                 opening
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 by
                 the
                 remaining
                 Salt
                 that
                 it
                 opens
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 this
                 Salt
                 has
                 done
                 acting
                 ,
                 the
                 terrestrious
                 part
                 never
                 fails
                 to
                 bind
                 .
              
               
                 Lastly
                 ,
                 I
                 further
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 do
                 not
                 believe
                 any
                 Preparation
                 of
                 Mars
                 to
                 be
                 absolutely
                 astringent
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 all
                 we
                 can
                 do
                 is
                 to
                 render
                 it
                 less
                 incisive
                 ,
                 and
                 less
                 penetrating
                 than
                 before
                 ,
                 by
                 depriving
                 it
                 of
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 its
                 Salts
                 .
              
               
                 Several
                 other
                 Preparations
                 for
                 making
                 the
                 
                   Astringent
                   Saffron
                   of
                   Mars
                
                 are
                 taught
                 ,
                 but
                 this
                 one
                 may
                 suffice
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Salt
               ,
               or
               Vitriol
               of
               Mars
               .
            
             
               This
               Preparation
               is
               an
               Iron
               opened
               ,
               and
               reduced
               into
               the
               form
               of
               Salt
               by
               an
               acid
               liquor
               .
            
             
               Take
               a
               clean
               Frying-pan
               ,
               and
               pour
               into
               it
               an
               equal
               weight
               of
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Wine
              
               ,
               and
               
                 Oil
                 of
                 Vitriol
              
               ;
               set
               it
               for
               some
               time
               in
               the
               Sun
               ,
               and
               then
               in
               the
               shade
               without
               stirring
               it
               ;
               you
               'l
               find
               all
               the
               Liquor
               incorporated
               with
               the
               Mars
               ,
               and
               turned
               into
               a
               Salt
               that
               you
               must
               dry
               ,
               and
               then
               separate
               from
               the
               Pan
               ,
               and
               keep
               in
               a
               Viol
               well
               stopt
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               an
               admirable
               Remedy
               for
               all
               Diseases
               that
               proceed
               from
               Obstructions
               :
               the
               Dose
               is
               from
               four
               to
               twelve
               grains
               ,
               in
               Broth
               ,
               or
               some
               appropriate
               Liquor
               .
            
             
               
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Wine
                 serves
                 here
                 to
                 moderate
                 the
                 too
                 great
                 force
                 of
                 the
                 Oil
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 ,
                 which
                 if
                 alone
                 would
                 indeed
                 in
                 a
                 little
                 time
                 penetrate
                 all
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Iron
                 ,
                 and
                 cause
                 a
                 very
                 impure
                 Salt
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 spirit
                 of
                 Wine
                 hinders
                 its
                 so
                 quick
                 dissolution
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 nothing
                 but
                 the
                 more
                 soluble
                 part
                 incorporates
                 with
                 the
                 Oil
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 Salt
                 or
                 Vitriol
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 Frying-pan
                 is
                 more
                 proper
                 for
                 this
                 Operation
                 than
                 another
                 vessel
                 less
                 flat
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 liquor
                 spreads
                 it self
                 about
                 ,
                 and
                 incorporates
                 the
                 better
                 ;
                 you
                 must
                 use
                 a
                 Pan
                 that
                 is
                 new
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 use
                 two
                 ounces
                 of
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Wine
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 quantity
                 of
                 Oil
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 small
                 Frying-pan
                 ,
                 you
                 'l
                 obtain
                 five
                 ounces
                 of
                 Mars
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 may
                 put
                 your
                 liquor
                 a
                 thumbs
                 height
                 in
                 the
                 Pan
                 ,
                 and
                 leave
                 it
                 there
                 a
                 day
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 ,
                 or
                 two
                 days
                 without
                 stirring
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Oil
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 is
                 improperly
                 called
                 Oil
                 ,
                 being
                 nothing
                 but
                 the
                 more
                 caustick
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 shall
                 prove
                 in
                 its
                 proper
                 place
                 .
              
               
                 Riverius
                 in
                 his
                 Practice
                 gives
                 a
                 way
                 of
                 preparing
                 the
                 Salt
                 of
                 Mars
                 like
                 unto
                 this
                 ;
                 excepting
                 that
                 he
                 puts
                 more
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Wine
                 than
                 Oil
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 is
                 better
                 to
                 put
                 equal
                 parts
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 done
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 s
                 virtue
                 is
                 greater
                 than
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Crocus
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 is
                 whetted
                 by
                 the
                 Oil
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 is
                 given
                 in
                 a
                 less
                 dose
                 ;
                 you
                 must
                 observe
                 that
                 sometimes
                 it
                 causes
                 a
                 nauseousness
                 as
                 all
                 Vitriols
                 do
                 .
              
               
               
                 If
                 you
                 put
                 this
                 Salt
                 ,
                 or
                 Vitriol
                 of
                 Mars
                 to
                 dissolve
                 in
                 a
                 cold
                 place
                 ,
                 you
                 'l
                 have
                 a
                 liquor
                 that
                 is
                 called
                 improperly
                 ,
                 Oil
                 of
                 Mars
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Another
               Vitriol
               of
               Mars
               .
            
             
               This
               Vitriol
               of
               Mars
               is
               an
               Iron
               dissolved
               ,
               and
               reduced
               into
               the
               form
               of
               Salt
               by
               Spirit
               of
               Vitriol
               .
            
             
               Put
               eight
               ounces
               of
               clean
               
                 filings
                 of
                 Iron
              
               into
               a
               large
               Matrass
               ,
               and
               pour
               upon
               it
               two
               pounds
               of
               common
               water
               heated
               a
               little
               ;
               add
               unto
               it
               a
               pound
               of
               good
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Vitriol
              
               ,
               stir
               it
               ,
               and
               set
               your
               Matrass
               in
               hot
               Sand
               ,
               leave
               it
               in
               Digestion
               four
               and
               twenty
               hours
               ,
               during
               which
               time
               the
               purest
               part
               of
               the
               Iron
               will
               dissolve
               ;
               separate
               the
               Liquor
               by
               Inclination
               ,
               and
               fling
               away
               the
               earthy
               part
               that
               remains
               in
               a
               small
               quantity
               at
               the
               bottom
               .
               Filtrate
               this
               Liquor
               ,
               and
               evaporate
               it
               in
               a
               Glass-Cucurbite
               unto
               a
               Skin
               in
               a
               Sand-fire
               ,
               then
               set
               your
               vessel
               in
               a
               cool
               place
               ,
               and
               you
               'l
               find
               green
               Crystals
               ,
               which
               you
               may
               take
               out
               after
               having
               gently
               poured
               off
               the
               Liquor
               .
               Then
               evaporate
               again
               this
               Liquor
               unto
               a
               Skin
               ,
               and
               Crystallize
               it
               as
               before
               ,
               repeat
               these
               evaporations
               and
               Crystallizations
               until
               you
               have
               got
               all
               your
               Crystals
               ;
               then
               dry
               them
               ,
               and
               keep
               them
               in
               a
               Glass
               bottle
               well
               stopt
               .
            
             
               This
               
                 Vitriol
                 of
                 Mars
              
               hath
               the
               same
               virtues
               as
               the
               former
               ,
               and
               must
               be
               given
               in
               the
               same
               Dose
               .
            
             
               
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 is
                 weakned
                 by
                 the
                 Water
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 incapable
                 of
                 dissolving
                 but
                 only
                 the
                 purer
                 part
                 of
                 Mars
                 .
                 Moreover
                 if
                 it
                 were
                 used
                 alone
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 incorporate
                 with
                 the
                 very
                 substance
                 of
                 Mars
                 ,
                 but
                 would
                 not
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 dissolve
                 any
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 because
                 there
                 would
                 be
                 wanting
                 sufficient
                 moisture
                 to
                 separate
                 its
                 parts
                 .
              
               
                 During
                 the
                 dissolution
                 the
                 liquor
                 heats
                 and
                 boils
                 considerably
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 acidity
                 of
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 doth
                 violently
                 enter
                 the
                 body
                 of
                 this
                 metal
                 ,
                 and
                 makes
                 a
                 separation
                 of
                 its
                 parts
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 Evaporate
                 unto
                 a
                 Pellicle
                 ,
                 doth
                 signifie
                 to
                 consume
                 the
                 Liquor
                 until
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 thin
                 skin
                 is
                 perceived
                 to
                 swim
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 which
                 always
                 happens
                 when
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 moisture
                 being
                 evaporated
                 ,
                 there
                 remains
                 but
                 little
                 more
                 than
                 is
                 necessary
                 to
                 hold
                 the
                 Salt
                 in
                 Fusion
                 .
              
               
                 An
                 Acid
                 Spirit
                 may
                 be
                 drawn
                 from
                 this
                 
                   Vitriol
                   of
                   Mars
                
                 by
                 distilling
                 it
                 in
                 a
                 Retort
                 in
                 a
                 Reverberatory
                 fire
                 ,
                 like
                 common
                 Vitriol
                 ;
                 this
                 Spirit
                 hath
                 been
                 thought
                 to
                 have
                 the
                 same
                 virtues
                 as
                 ordinary
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 can't
                 be
                 near
                 so
                 good
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 hath
                 much
                 blunted
                 or
                 broken
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 its
                 edges
                 against
                 the
                 body
                 of
                 Mars
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 dissolution
                 and
                 distillation
                 .
                 That
                 which
                 remains
                 in
                 the
                 Retort
                 after
                 distillation
                 ,
                 is
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 Mars
                 which
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 had
                 dissolved
                 .
                 It
                 may
                 be
                 used
                 like
                 an
                 aperitive
                 
                   Crocus
                   Martis
                
                 .
              
               
                 Those
                 who
                 do
                 attribute
                 the
                 aperitive
                 effect
                 of
                 Mars
                 only
                 to
                 its
                 sweetning
                 (
                 as
                 an
                 Alkali
                 )
                 the
                 
                 acid
                 juices
                 which
                 do
                 too
                 plentifully
                 abound
                 in
                 mens
                 bodies
                 ,
                 will
                 find
                 it
                 hard
                 to
                 explicate
                 how
                 these
                 two
                 last
                 preparations
                 do
                 come
                 to
                 be
                 esteemed
                 the
                 best
                 aperitives
                 which
                 are
                 made
                 upon
                 Mars
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 acid
                 does
                 so
                 far
                 predominate
                 in
                 their
                 composition
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Alkali
                 is
                 able
                 to
                 do
                 little
                 or
                 nothing
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Tincture
               of
               Mars
               with
               Tartar.
               
            
             
               This
               Preparation
               is
               a
               dissolution
               of
               Iron
               performed
               by
               the
               acid
               of
               Tartar.
               
            
             
               Take
               Twelve
               ounces
               of
               the
               
                 Rust
                 of
                 Iron
              
               ,
               and
               Two
               pounds
               of
               
                 White
                 Tartar
                 of
                 Montpelier
              
               ,
               powder
               and
               mix
               them
               together
               ;
               then
               boil
               them
               in
               a
               great
               Iron
               pot
               or
               Cauldron
               with
               Twelve
               or
               Fifteen
               pints
               of
               Rain-water
               for
               Twelve
               hours
               time
               ,
               stir
               the
               matter
               with
               an
               Iron
               Slice
               from
               time
               to
               time
               ,
               and
               take
               care
               to
               put
               more
               boiling
               water
               into
               the
               Cauldron
               ,
               according
               as
               it
               consumes
               ;
               afterwards
               leave
               it
               a
               while
               to
               settle
               ,
               and
               you
               'l
               have
               a
               black
               Liquor
               ,
               Filtrate
               and
               evaporate
               it
               in
               an
               Earthen
               Pan
               over
               a
               Sand-fire
               ,
               to
               the
               consistence
               of
               a
               Syrup
               ,
               or
               till
               there
               rises
               a
               Pellicle
               upon
               it
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               a
               very
               great
               Aperitive
               ,
               it
               opens
               the
               most
               inveterate
               Obstructions
               ,
               and
               is
               given
               in
               Cachexies
               ,
               Dropsies
               ,
               Obstruction
               of
               the
               Terms
               ,
               and
               other
               Diseases
               that
               proceed
               from
               Oppilations
               ;
               the
               Dose
               is
               from
               a
               Drachm
               to
               half
               an
               ounce
               in
               Broth
               ,
               or
               some
               appropriate
               Liquor
               .
            
             
               
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 Water
                 alone
                 would
                 not
                 be
                 able
                 enough
                 to
                 penetrate
                 the
                 Iron
                 ,
                 for
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 Tincture
                 ,
                 though
                 you
                 should
                 boil
                 it
                 a
                 Month
                 together
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 impregnated
                 with
                 Tartar
                 ,
                 it
                 dissolves
                 it
                 very
                 easily
                 .
                 Nevertheless
                 you
                 must
                 not
                 think
                 that
                 this
                 Tincture
                 is
                 a
                 perfect
                 solution
                 of
                 Mars
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 there
                 were
                 an
                 intire
                 solution
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 there
                 would
                 appear
                 no
                 more
                 Tincture
                 than
                 there
                 does
                 in
                 the
                 solution
                 of
                 it
                 with
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Vitriol
                
                 and
                 water
                 ;
                 but
                 because
                 the
                 soluble
                 part
                 of
                 Tartar
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 agent
                 in
                 this
                 Operation
                 ,
                 is
                 only
                 an
                 impure
                 acid
                 Salt
                 ,
                 it
                 can
                 but
                 grosly
                 rarify
                 the
                 Mars
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 mixing
                 with
                 it
                 keep
                 it
                 suspended
                 in
                 the
                 water
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 Tincture
                 is
                 drawn
                 ,
                 there
                 remains
                 a
                 whitish
                 matter
                 ,
                 that
                 you
                 must
                 fling
                 away
                 as
                 good
                 for
                 nothing
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 mixture
                 of
                 the
                 grosser
                 parts
                 of
                 Tartar
                 and
                 Mars
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Tincture
                 is
                 called
                 
                   Syrup
                   of
                   Mars
                
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 a
                 certain
                 sweetness
                 that
                 is
                 perceived
                 in
                 its
                 Taste
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 reduced
                 into
                 the
                 consistence
                 of
                 a
                 Syrup
                 ,
                 to
                 keep
                 the
                 better
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 its
                 virtues
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 great
                 Aperitive
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 force
                 of
                 Mars
                 is
                 assisted
                 by
                 the
                 Tartar
                 ,
                 that
                 serves
                 to
                 be
                 its
                 Vehicle
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Opening
               Extract
               of
               Mars
               .
            
             
               This
               Preparation
               is
               a
               solution
               of
               the
               more
               open
               parts
               of
               Iron
               ,
               by
               aperitive
               juices
               ,
               and
               reduced
               into
               a
               solid
               consistence
               by
               fire
               .
            
             
             
               Take
               Eight
               ounces
               of
               the
               
                 Rust
                 of
                 Iron
              
               prepared
               in
               the
               Morning
               Dew
               ,
               put
               it
               in
               an
               Iron
               pot
               ,
               and
               pour
               upon
               it
               three
               pounds
               of
               the
               Water
               of
               Honey
               ,
               and
               four
               pounds
               of
               Must
               ,
               or
               the
               juice
               of
               White
               grapes
               perfectly
               ripe
               .
               Add
               to
               it
               four
               ounces
               of
               juice
               of
               Lemons
               ;
               cover
               it
               with
               an
               Iron
               Cover
               ,
               and
               set
               it
               in
               a
               Furnace
               over
               a
               little
               fire
               ;
               leave
               the
               Matter
               in
               Digestion
               three
               days
               ,
               then
               boil
               the
               Matter
               gently
               three
               or
               four
               hours
               ,
               uncovering
               the
               Pot
               ever
               now
               and
               then
               ,
               to
               stir
               up
               the
               bottom
               with
               an
               Iron
               slice
               ,
               then
               cover
               it
               again
               ,
               that
               the
               moisture
               may
               not
               evaporate
               too
               fast
               .
               When
               you
               perceive
               the
               Liquor
               to
               be
               black
               ,
               you
               must
               take
               away
               the
               fire
               ,
               and
               leave
               it
               a
               while
               to
               settle
               ,
               pass
               warm
               through
               a
               cloth
               that
               which
               is
               clear
               ,
               and
               evaporate
               the
               liquor
               in
               a
               Sand
               fire
               ,
               in
               an
               Earthen
               pan
               ,
               or
               Glass
               vessel
               to
               the
               consistence
               of
               an
               Extract
               .
               'T
               is
               a
               very
               good
               aperitive
               ;
               it
               hath
               the
               same
               virtues
               as
               the
               Tincture
               for
               Obstructions
               of
               the
               Liver
               ,
               Spleen
               ,
               and
               Mesentery
               ;
               it
               delivers
               the
               Lymphatick
               vessels
               admirably
               well
               of
               what
               may
               hinder
               the
               current
               of
               Serum
               .
               The
               Dose
               is
               from
               Ten
               grains
               to
               two
               Scruples
               ,
               in
               Pills
               ,
               or
               else
               dissolved
               in
               some
               proper
               Liquor
               .
               That
               which
               remains
               in
               the
               bottom
               of
               the
               Iron
               pot
               is
               the
               more
               Earthy
               part
               of
               Mars
               ,
               that
               is
               good
               for
               nothing
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Extract
                 doth
                 not
                 receive
                 its
                 consistence
                 only
                 from
                 the
                 Iron
                 ,
                 but
                 from
                 the
                 Tartareous
                 juices
                 of
                 the
                 Grapes
                 and
                 Lemons
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 it
                 is
                 mixed
                 ;
                 its
                 virtue
                 is
                 augmented
                 by
                 the
                 Essential
                 Salts
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Honey
                 that
                 leaves
                 in
                 it
                 a
                 very
                 good
                 impression
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 mixture
                 is
                 left
                 in
                 digestion
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 better
                 Dissolution
                 of
                 the
                 Mars
                 ;
                 but
                 seeing
                 the
                 Menstruum
                 is
                 not
                 very
                 sharp
                 or
                 corrosive
                 ,
                 it
                 dissolves
                 only
                 the
                 more
                 Saline
                 and
                 soluble
                 parts
                 .
                 This
                 Description
                 is
                 not
                 common
                 ,
                 but
                 may
                 be
                 preferred
                 before
                 many
                 others
                 .
              
               
                 Every
                 body
                 grants
                 that
                 Mars
                 is
                 as
                 excellent
                 a
                 Remedy
                 as
                 any
                 in
                 all
                 Physick
                 ,
                 for
                 opening
                 Obstructions
                 ,
                 and
                 restoring
                 a
                 good
                 complexion
                 to
                 those
                 that
                 want
                 it
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 Obstructions
                 ;
                 but
                 you
                 must
                 not
                 be
                 contented
                 with
                 giving
                 it
                 once
                 or
                 twice
                 ,
                 but
                 for
                 a
                 fortnight
                 together
                 ;
                 some
                 intervals
                 may
                 be
                 observed
                 ,
                 that
                 nature
                 may
                 not
                 be
                 troubled
                 too
                 much
                 .
                 In
                 hot
                 climes
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 Languedoc
                 and
                 Provence
                 ,
                 where
                 are
                 more
                 Oppilations
                 than
                 in
                 other
                 Countries
                 ,
                 they
                 make
                 no
                 difficulty
                 to
                 take
                 it
                 sometimes
                 every
                 day
                 for
                 a
                 month
                 together
                 ,
                 after
                 a
                 due
                 Preparation
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 best
                 Remedy
                 that
                 hath
                 been
                 known
                 for
                 that
                 Distemper
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Binding
               Extract
               of
               Mars
               .
            
             
               This
               Preparation
               is
               a
               solution
               of
               Iron
               made
               with
               an
               astringent
               Wine
               ,
               and
               reduced
               into
               a
               thick
               consistence
               ,
               by
               fire
               .
            
             
               Take
               Eight
               ounces
               of
               the
               
                 Rust
                 of
                 Iron
              
               powdered
               very
               fine
               ,
               put
               it
               into
               an
               Iron
               pot
               ,
               and
               pour
               upon
               it
               four
               pints
               of
               a
               strong
               Red
               wine
               ;
               set
               the
               pot
               over
               the
               fire
               ,
               and
               having
               covered
               it
               ,
               make
               the
               Matter
               boil
               ,
               stir
               it
               from
               time
               to
               time
               with
               an
               
               Iron
               slice
               ,
               till
               two
               thirds
               of
               it
               be
               consumed
               ;
               pass
               the
               Liquor
               warm
               through
               a
               cloth
               ,
               and
               evaporate
               it
               to
               the
               consistence
               of
               an
               Extract
               .
               It
               stops
               the
               Looseness
               ,
               Bloody
               Flux
               ,
               the
               Flux
               of
               the
               Hemorrhoids
               and
               Terms
               ;
               the
               Dose
               is
               from
               Ten
               Grains
               unto
               Two
               Scruples
               in
               Pills
               ,
               or
               dissolved
               in
               some
               astringent
               Liquor
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 strongest
                 Red-wine
                 is
                 of
                 so
                 high
                 a
                 colour
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 appears
                 to
                 be
                 black
                 ;
                 with
                 this
                 Vintners
                 do
                 colour
                 their
                 White
                 wines
                 ,
                 they
                 do
                 make
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 either
                 pale
                 or
                 red
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 quantity
                 of
                 it
                 they
                 mix
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 Dyers
                 do
                 likewise
                 use
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Wine
                 becomes
                 impregnated
                 only
                 with
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Mars
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Tartar
                 which
                 it
                 contains
                 is
                 capable
                 but
                 of
                 dissolving
                 the
                 more
                 rarified
                 part
                 of
                 this
                 metal
                 ,
                 the
                 rest
                 remaining
                 in
                 the
                 bottom
                 of
                 the
                 pot
                 .
                 The
                 astringent
                 virtue
                 of
                 the
                 Wine
                 does
                 much
                 increase
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Iron
                 ,
                 and
                 renders
                 it
                 very
                 proper
                 for
                 the
                 distempers
                 before-mentioned
                 .
                 But
                 you
                 must
                 not
                 think
                 that
                 its
                 aperitive
                 Salt
                 is
                 wholly
                 destroyed
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 still
                 opens
                 Obstructions
                 ,
                 and
                 passes
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 Urine
                 :
                 indeed
                 it
                 does
                 not
                 act
                 this
                 way
                 so
                 powerfully
                 as
                 the
                 aperitive
                 Extract
                 of
                 Mars
                 ,
                 but
                 effects
                 of
                 that
                 kind
                 are
                 observ'd
                 from
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 same
                 Remedy
                 may
                 be
                 both
                 astringent
                 by
                 Stool
                 ,
                 and
                 aperitive
                 by
                 Urine
                 ,
                 because
                 that
                 when
                 the
                 body
                 is
                 bound
                 ,
                 the
                 Serosities
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 wont
                 to
                 pass
                 by
                 Siege
                 ,
                 do
                 become
                 diverted
                 into
                 the
                 
                 Urinary
                 passages
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 Diarrhoea
                 ,
                 the
                 moist
                 humours
                 which
                 would
                 otherwise
                 have
                 taken
                 their
                 course
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 Urine
                 ,
                 do
                 here
                 turn
                 it
                 by
                 siege
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Mars
               Diaphoretick
               .
            
             
               
                 Mars
                 Diaphoretick
              
               is
               only
               the
               particles
               of
               Iron
               impregnated
               with
               Volatile
               Salts
               .
            
             
               Powder
               and
               mix
               together
               equal
               quantities
               of
               the
               
                 rust
                 of
                 Iron
              
               ,
               and
               
                 Sal
                 Armoniack
              
               ,
               put
               this
               mixture
               into
               an
               Earthen
               Cucurbite
               ,
               set
               it
               in
               a
               small
               Furnace
               ,
               and
               stop
               up
               the
               bottom
               with
               Lute
               and
               Bricks
               ,
               that
               the
               fire
               may
               not
               be
               able
               to
               pass
               upwards
               ,
               but
               only
               through
               certain
               holes
               or
               Registers
               ;
               fit
               to
               your
               Cucurbite
               a
               blind
               head
               ,
               and
               give
               a
               gentle
               fire
               at
               first
               ;
               augment
               it
               by
               degrees
               to
               heat
               the
               Cucurbite
               red-hot
               ,
               and
               continue
               this
               degree
               of
               heat
               ,
               until
               there
               arise
               no
               more
               vapours
               ;
               then
               let
               the
               vessels
               cool
               ,
               and
               taking
               off
               the
               head
               gather
               the
               sublimed
               Flowers
               ,
               dissolve
               them
               in
               water
               sufficient
               only
               to
               dissolve
               them
               ,
               filtrate
               this
               dissolution
               through
               a
               Coffin
               of
               brown
               paper
               ,
               and
               pour
               upon
               it
               drop
               by
               drop
               the
               Oil
               of
               Tartar
               made
               
                 per
                 Deliquium
              
               ,
               or
               else
               the
               Spirit
               of
               
                 Sal
                 Armoniack
              
               ,
               a
               powder
               will
               precipitate
               to
               the
               bottom
               of
               the
               vessel
               ,
               decant
               the
               Liquor
               ,
               and
               dry
               this
               precipitate
               ;
               it
               causes
               Sweat
               ,
               and
               is
               good
               against
               all
               diseases
               that
               proceed
               from
               a
               corruption
               of
               Humors
               ;
               it
               sometimes
               also
               drives
               by
               way
               of
               Urine
               ,
               according
               as
               bodies
               are
               disposed
               :
               it
               is
               excellent
               against
               the
               Hypochondriack
               Melancholy
               ,
               and
               in
               Quartan
               Agues
               :
               the
               Dose
               is
               from
               ten
               to
               twenty
               grains
               in
               pills
               ,
               or
               some
               proper
               Liquor
               .
            
             
               
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Preparation
                 is
                 Sudorifick
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 some
                 particles
                 of
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 that
                 remain
                 in
                 the
                 Precipitated
                 Mars
                 ;
                 for
                 when
                 these
                 Saline
                 parts
                 are
                 actuated
                 by
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 being
                 of
                 a
                 very
                 Volatile
                 nature
                 ,
                 they
                 do
                 insensibly
                 distribute
                 themselves
                 rather
                 into
                 the
                 Pores
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 than
                 follow
                 the
                 course
                 of
                 sixt
                 Salts
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 Urine
                 ;
                 whence
                 a
                 Sweat
                 does
                 come
                 to
                 follow
                 ,
                 or
                 sometimes
                 an
                 insensible
                 transpiration
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 rarifies
                 and
                 gives
                 vent
                 to
                 abundance
                 of
                 Humors
                 that
                 were
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 pass
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 their
                 viscosity
                 .
                 Sometimes
                 also
                 finding
                 the
                 Pores
                 too
                 much
                 obstructed
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 forced
                 to
                 become
                 fixt
                 ,
                 and
                 follow
                 the
                 ordinary
                 course
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 Urine
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 it
                 opens
                 the
                 
                   Lymphatick
                   vessels
                
                 ,
                 and
                 evacuates
                 several
                 matters
                 that
                 were
                 contained
                 in
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 People
                 often
                 find
                 greater
                 benefit
                 from
                 much
                 Urine
                 than
                 Sweat
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 way
                 of
                 Urine
                 is
                 more
                 natural
                 and
                 weakens
                 less
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             VIII
             .
             
               Of
               Mercury
            
             .
          
           
             QVick-Silver
             is
             a
             prodigy
             among
             Metals
             ;
             for
             it
             is
             fluid
             like
             water
             ,
             and
             though
             a
             very
             heavy
             body
             ,
             yet
             it
             easily
             flies
             away
             when
             set
             over
             the
             fire
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             probable
             ,
             that
             the
             parts
             of
             this
             Metal
             are
             all
             of
             a
             round
             figure
             ,
             for
             divide
             it
             how
             you
             will
             without
             adding
             to
             it
             ,
             and
             it
             always
             keeps
             a
             globular
             form
             to
             every
             part
             ;
             and
             if
             you
             look
             a
             little
             near
             it
             ,
             when
             it
             dissolves
             in
             
               Aqua
               fortis
            
             ,
             you
             'l
             observe
             an
             infinite
             number
             of
             little
             round
             bodies
             ,
             which
             rise
             up
             in
             the
             liquor
             ,
             like
             smoke
             .
          
           
             Now
             the
             parts
             of
             Mercury
             being
             supposed
             round
             ,
             it
             may
             be
             explicated
             how
             this
             metal
             does
             remain
             fluid
             ,
             and
             why
             it
             Volatilizes
             so
             easily
             by
             fire
             ,
             although
             it
             be
             so
             exceeding
             heavy
             ,
             for
             the
             round
             figure
             being
             no
             ways
             proper
             for
             the
             connexion
             or
             union
             of
             parts
             ,
             the
             little
             bodies
             which
             do
             compose
             the
             Quicksilver
             ,
             cannot
             adhere
             together
             ,
             and
             consequently
             they
             must
             roul
             one
             upon
             another
             ,
             as
             we
             see
             happens
             to
             all
             round
             bodies
             ;
             and
             this
             is
             that
             which
             causes
             the
             fluidity
             of
             this
             metal
             .
          
           
             As
             for
             its
             Volatility
             ,
             it
             proceeds
             from
             this
             ,
             that
             the
             round
             parts
             being
             only
             contiguous
             ,
             and
             having
             no
             proper
             union
             together
             ,
             nothing
             hinders
             its
             parts
             from
             rising
             by
             the
             force
             of
             fire
             ;
             for
             that
             which
             makes
             the
             other
             metals
             to
             be
             more
             fixt
             than
             
             Mercury
             ,
             and
             to
             remain
             in
             the
             fire
             without
             consuming
             wholly
             ,
             is
             because
             their
             parts
             are
             continued
             ,
             and
             so
             fastned
             together
             that
             fire
             has
             no
             power
             to
             disunite
             them
             in
             order
             to
             Volatilize
             them
             .
          
           
             It
             may
             be
             objected
             that
             the
             parts
             of
             Quicksilver
             being
             granted
             round
             ,
             they
             should
             for
             the
             same
             reason
             be
             light
             ,
             because
             the
             round
             bodies
             which
             approach
             one
             another
             ,
             do
             leave
             many
             empty
             spaces
             between
             them
             .
          
           
             But
             though
             there
             are
             such
             vacuities
             ,
             the
             little
             balls
             are
             massive
             and
             compact
             ,
             and
             this
             causes
             their
             gravity
             .
          
           
             There
             's
             another
             objection
             ,
             that
             is
             ,
             the
             parts
             of
             Mercury
             are
             heavy
             ,
             how
             come
             they
             to
             be
             volatilized
             by
             fire
             ?
          
           
             I
             answer
             ,
             that
             when
             these
             parts
             are
             said
             to
             be
             heavy
             ,
             it
             is
             in
             comparison
             with
             other
             little
             bodies
             that
             are
             lighter
             :
             but
             you
             must
             not
             imagine
             that
             every
             part
             of
             Mercury
             should
             be
             heavy
             enough
             to
             resist
             the
             rapid
             nature
             of
             fire
             .
             But
             besides
             ,
             these
             little
             Mercurial
             bodies
             ,
             which
             we
             suppose
             to
             be
             compact
             ,
             may
             have
             their
             Pores
             of
             such
             a
             texture
             ,
             that
             the
             igneous
             parts
             being
             once
             gotten
             within
             them
             ,
             may
             not
             be
             able
             to
             find
             a
             way
             out
             again
             ,
             and
             so
             they
             and
             their
             small
             prisons
             may
             fly
             up
             together
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             called
             Quicksilver
             from
             its
             fluidity
             ,
             and
             Mercury
             because
             it
             changes
             into
             different
             shapes
             ,
             like
             the
             
               Celestial
               Mercury
            
             ,
             from
             whom
             it
             is
             thought
             to
             receive
             its
             Influence
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             to
             be
             found
             in
             many
             places
             in
             Europe
             ,
             as
             
               Poland
               ,
               Hungary
            
             ,
             and
             even
             in
             France
             ;
             for
             a
             few
             years
             since
             there
             was
             discovered
             near
             St.
             Lo
             in
             Normandy
             ,
             a
             Mine
             abounding
             in
             Cinnabar
             ,
             from
             whence
             good
             store
             of
             Mercury
             is
             drawn
             .
          
           
           
             Some
             of
             it
             is
             also
             found
             running
             in
             the
             Mines
             ,
             and
             this
             is
             passed
             through
             a
             Shammey
             skin
             to
             purifie
             it
             from
             some
             Earth
             that
             it
             may
             be
             joyned
             with
             ;
             but
             because
             it
             doth
             sometimes
             prove
             very
             difficult
             to
             separate
             it
             from
             the
             Earths
             with
             which
             it
             is
             in
             a
             manner
             incorporated
             ,
             they
             are
             forced
             to
             distil
             it
             through
             Iron
             Retorts
             into
             Receivers
             filled
             with
             water
             .
          
           
             
               Natural
               Cinnabar
            
             ,
             called
             Mineral
             ,
             is
             a
             mixture
             of
             Mercury
             and
             Sulphur
             that
             sublime
             together
             by
             the
             means
             of
             a
             Subterraneous
             heat
             ,
             and
             this
             is
             done
             near
             after
             the
             same
             manner
             as
             
               Artificial
               Cinnabar
            
             is
             made
             ,
             of
             which
             I
             shall
             speak
             anon
             .
          
           
             Quicksilver
             by
             reason
             of
             its
             fluidity
             is
             hard
             to
             transport
             ,
             wherefore
             a
             great
             quantity
             of
             it
             is
             reduced
             into
             Cinnabar
             ,
             (
             in
             the
             places
             whence
             it
             is
             taken
             )
             after
             the
             manner
             following
             .
          
           
             
               Artificial
               Cinnabar
               .
            
             
               Cinnabar
               is
               a
               mixture
               of
               Sulphur
               and
               Quicksilver
               sublimed
               together
               .
            
             
               Take
               a
               quantity
               of
               Sulphur
               ,
               and
               melt
               it
               in
               a
               great
               earthen
               pan
               ,
               then
               mix
               by
               little
               and
               little
               thrice
               as
               much
               Quick-silver
               ;
               you
               must
               stir
               about
               and
               preserve
               the
               Matter
               in
               Fusion
               ,
               till
               all
               the
               Mercury
               disappears
               .
               Then
               powder
               your
               mixture
               ,
               and
               sublime
               it
               in
               pots
               in
               an
               open
               fire
               well
               governed
               ,
               you
               'l
               have
               a
               hard
               Mass
               ,
               and
               of
               a
               very
               red
               colour
               .
               If
               any
               heterogeneous
               Metal
               should
               have
               been
               mixt
               with
               the
               Mercury
               ,
               it
               would
               remain
               at
               the
               bottom
               of
               the
               Pots
               .
            
             
             
               Besides
               the
               convenience
               of
               easily
               transporting
               Mercury
               by
               this
               means
               ,
               it
               is
               very
               useful
               in
               Painting
               .
               It
               is
               also
               used
               in
               Pomatums
               for
               the
               Itch
               ,
               and
               to
               make
               Fumes
               withal
               to
               raise
               a
               Salivation
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 pound
                 of
                 Sulphur
                 is
                 able
                 to
                 incorporate
                 three
                 pounds
                 of
                 Mercury
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 Mass
                 together
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 cause
                 of
                 this
                 mutation
                 of
                 Mercury
                 into
                 Cinnabar
                 does
                 proceed
                 from
                 the
                 penetration
                 which
                 the
                 more
                 acid
                 part
                 of
                 Sulphur
                 does
                 make
                 into
                 the
                 Mercury
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 intangling
                 its
                 parts
                 whose
                 motion
                 is
                 now
                 checkt
                 .
                 And
                 being
                 raised
                 by
                 the
                 fire
                 it
                 volatilizes
                 as
                 it
                 does
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Saline
                 or
                 acid
                 Spirits
                 of
                 Sulphur
                 do
                 fix
                 it
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 constrained
                 to
                 stop
                 its
                 volatility
                 ,
                 and
                 settle
                 in
                 the
                 upper
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 pot
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 called
                 subliming
                 ;
                 whereas
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 all
                 alone
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 joyned
                 with
                 some
                 matter
                 that
                 cannot
                 fix
                 it
                 ,
                 it
                 evaporates
                 quite
                 away
                 .
              
               
                 Cinnabar
                 is
                 shaped
                 like
                 needles
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 acid
                 Spirits
                 of
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 which
                 have
                 entred
                 into
                 its
                 body
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 impressed
                 such
                 a
                 figure
                 ;
                 its
                 red
                 colour
                 may
                 proceed
                 likewise
                 from
                 the
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 of
                 this
                 colour
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 well
                 rarified
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Red
                 appears
                 brown
                 while
                 the
                 Cinnabar
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 Mass
                 ,
                 but
                 if
                 you
                 powder
                 it
                 very
                 fine
                 ,
                 beating
                 it
                 a
                 good
                 while
                 ,
                 it
                 becomes
                 of
                 a
                 shining
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 so
                 high
                 a
                 colour
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 has
                 been
                 called
                 Vermillion
                 .
                 Some
                 women
                 do
                 rub
                 their
                 Cheeks
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 have
                 mixt
                 it
                 in
                 Pomatum
                 ,
                 but
                 they
                 don't
                 consider
                 that
                 so
                 dangerous
                 an
                 accident
                 may
                 happen
                 from
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 Salivation
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 Fumigation
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 is
                 made
                 by
                 causing
                 a
                 patient
                 to
                 receive
                 the
                 Fume
                 of
                 the
                 Cinnabar
                 thrown
                 into
                 the
                 fire
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Reviving
               of
               Cinnabar
               into
               Quick-silver
               .
            
             
               This
               Operation
               is
               performed
               in
               order
               to
               separate
               the
               Sulphur
               which
               is
               in
               the
               Cinnabar
               .
            
             
               Take
               a
               Pound
               of
               
                 Artificial
                 Cinnabar
              
               ,
               powder
               it
               ,
               and
               mix
               it
               exactly
               with
               three
               pounds
               of
               Quick-lime
               also
               powdered
               ;
               put
               the
               mixture
               into
               an
               earthen
               or
               glass
               Retort
               ,
               whose
               third
               part
               at
               least
               remains
               empty
               .
               Place
               it
               in
               a
               Reverberatory
               Furnace
               ,
               and
               after
               having
               fitted
               to
               it
               a
               Receiver
               filled
               with
               Water
               ,
               give
               your
               fire
               by
               degrees
               ,
               and
               at
               last
               encrease
               it
               to
               the
               height
               ,
               the
               Mercury
               will
               run
               drop
               by
               drop
               into
               the
               Receiver
               ;
               continue
               the
               fire
               until
               no
               more
               will
               come
               ;
               the
               Operation
               is
               commonly
               at
               an
               end
               in
               six
               or
               seven
               hours
               .
               Pour
               the
               Water
               out
               of
               the
               Receiver
               ,
               and
               having
               washed
               the
               Mercury
               to
               cleanse
               it
               from
               some
               little
               portion
               of
               earth
               it
               might
               carry
               along
               with
               it
               ,
               dry
               it
               with
               Linnen
               ,
               or
               the
               crum
               of
               Bread
               ,
               and
               keep
               it
               for
               use
               .
            
             
               You
               must
               draw
               thirteen
               ounces
               and
               a
               half
               of
               flowing
               Mercury
               out
               of
               each
               pound
               of
               
                 Artificial
                 Cinnabar
              
               .
            
             
               You
               may
               again
               Revive
               the
               Cinnabar
               ,
               by
               mixing
               it
               with
               equal
               parts
               of
               
                 filings
                 of
                 Iron
              
               ,
               and
               by
               proceeding
               in
               the
               Operation
               ,
               as
               I
               have
               taught
               .
            
             
               
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 Mercury
                 is
                 thus
                 revived
                 ,
                 you
                 may
                 be
                 sure
                 of
                 its
                 purity
                 ,
                 because
                 if
                 any
                 Metal
                 should
                 have
                 mixed
                 with
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 Mine
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 remain
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 said
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 bottom
                 of
                 the
                 Pot
                 you
                 sublime
                 it
                 in
                 :
                 and
                 if
                 the
                 Cinnabar
                 were
                 adulterated
                 ,
                 that
                 which
                 had
                 been
                 used
                 in
                 the
                 adulteration
                 ,
                 either
                 would
                 not
                 rise
                 with
                 the
                 Mercury
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 would
                 separate
                 from
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 Receiver
                 .
              
               
                 Cinnabar
                 being
                 nothing
                 but
                 a
                 mixture
                 of
                 
                   acid
                   Spirits
                
                 and
                 Mercury
                 together
                 ,
                 if
                 you
                 mix
                 it
                 with
                 some
                 Alkali
                 ,
                 and
                 drive
                 it
                 upwards
                 by
                 fire
                 ,
                 the
                 Acids
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 reason
                 I
                 have
                 already
                 spoken
                 of
                 concerning
                 the
                 Depart
                 of
                 Silver
                 ,
                 must
                 leave
                 the
                 Bodies
                 they
                 were
                 joyned
                 to
                 before
                 ,
                 for
                 to
                 enter
                 into
                 the
                 Alkali
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 is
                 what
                 happens
                 here
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Acids
                 finding
                 the
                 Quick-lime
                 very
                 porous
                 ,
                 do
                 leave
                 the
                 Mercury
                 ,
                 and
                 adhere
                 to
                 the
                 Quick-lime
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 this
                 Mercury
                 being
                 disengaged
                 from
                 what
                 held
                 it
                 fixt
                 before
                 ,
                 and
                 forced
                 by
                 the
                 fire
                 ,
                 comes
                 forth
                 of
                 the
                 Retort
                 in
                 form
                 of
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 coolness
                 of
                 the
                 Water
                 that
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 Recipient
                 ,
                 condenses
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 resolves
                 it
                 into
                 Quick-silver
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 third
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Retort
                 is
                 left
                 empty
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 rarified
                 Mercury
                 comes
                 forth
                 with
                 such
                 violence
                 as
                 would
                 otherwise
                 be
                 apt
                 to
                 break
                 the
                 Retort
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 must
                 leave
                 the
                 mixture
                 to
                 settle
                 a
                 day
                 or
                 two
                 ,
                 before
                 you
                 put
                 the
                 fire
                 under
                 it
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 that
                 the
                 Quick-lime
                 may
                 slake
                 the
                 while
                 ,
                 for
                 if
                 you
                 should
                 not
                 observe
                 this
                 circumstance
                 ,
                 the
                 Retort
                 
                 would
                 burst
                 .
                 You
                 might
                 also
                 use
                 such
                 a
                 Quick-lime
                 as
                 has
                 been
                 already
                 slak't
                 in
                 the
                 air
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 you
                 might
                 begin
                 your
                 distillation
                 immediately
                 after
                 the
                 mixture
                 ,
                 but
                 I
                 do
                 think
                 that
                 the
                 Revivification
                 will
                 be
                 the
                 more
                 exact
                 ,
                 when
                 unslak't
                 Lime
                 is
                 used
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Alkali
                 will
                 act
                 more
                 strongly
                 upon
                 the
                 Sulphureous
                 acids
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 distillation
                 begins
                 ,
                 abundance
                 of
                 Sulphureous
                 fume
                 is
                 seen
                 to
                 come
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Retort
                 ;
                 the
                 juncture
                 of
                 the
                 Receiver
                 with
                 the
                 Retort
                 must
                 not
                 be
                 luted
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 is
                 better
                 to
                 let
                 this
                 Sulphur
                 fly
                 away
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 it
                 had
                 no
                 vent
                 ,
                 we
                 might
                 have
                 reason
                 to
                 fear
                 lest
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Quick-silver
                 would
                 joyn
                 and
                 unite
                 with
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 Receiver
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 we
                 might
                 be
                 obliged
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 second
                 Revivification
                 of
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 curiosity
                 you
                 weigh
                 the
                 Lime
                 which
                 remains
                 in
                 the
                 Retort
                 after
                 distillation
                 ,
                 you
                 'l
                 find
                 three
                 pounds
                 and
                 half
                 an
                 ounce
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 this
                 little
                 augmentation
                 of
                 weight
                 proceeds
                 from
                 a
                 remainder
                 of
                 the
                 Sulphur
                 of
                 Cinnabar
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 matter
                 does
                 smell
                 of
                 Sulphur
                 .
              
               
                 Quick-silver
                 is
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 remedies
                 we
                 have
                 in
                 Physick
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 used
                 as
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 ,
                 but
                 is
                 full
                 as
                 dangerous
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 happens
                 into
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 Quacks
                 ,
                 who
                 use
                 it
                 upon
                 all
                 occasions
                 for
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Diseases
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 it
                 indifferently
                 to
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 persons
                 without
                 any
                 respect
                 to
                 the
                 Temperament
                 they
                 are
                 of
                 .
                 Those
                 who
                 draw
                 it
                 out
                 of
                 Mines
                 ,
                 or
                 work
                 much
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 do
                 often
                 fall
                 into
                 the
                 Palsie
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 Sulphurs
                 that
                 continually
                 steam
                 from
                 it
                 ;
                 for
                 these
                 Sulphurs
                 consisting
                 of
                 gross
                 parts
                 do
                 enter
                 through
                 the
                 Pores
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 fixing
                 themselves
                 rather
                 in
                 the
                 Nerves
                 
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 their
                 coldness
                 ,
                 than
                 in
                 the
                 other
                 Vessels
                 ,
                 do
                 stop
                 the
                 passage
                 of
                 the
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 and
                 hinder
                 their
                 course
                 .
              
               
                 Mercury
                 is
                 given
                 in
                 the
                 Disease
                 called
                 Miserere
                 ,
                 unto
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 pounds
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 voided
                 again
                 by
                 siege
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 weight
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 better
                 to
                 take
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 it
                 than
                 a
                 little
                 ,
                 because
                 a
                 small
                 quantity
                 might
                 be
                 apt
                 to
                 stop
                 in
                 the
                 circumvolutions
                 of
                 the
                 Guts
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 some
                 Acid
                 humours
                 should
                 happen
                 to
                 joyn
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 a
                 
                   Sublimate
                   Corrosive
                
                 would
                 be
                 there
                 made
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 a
                 large
                 quantity
                 of
                 it
                 is
                 taken
                 ,
                 there
                 's
                 no
                 need
                 of
                 fearing
                 this
                 Accident
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 passes
                 quickly
                 through
                 by
                 its
                 own
                 weight
                 .
              
               
                 Mercury
                 mixes
                 so
                 well
                 with
                 rosinous
                 and
                 fat
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 remain
                 imperceptible
                 ;
                 all
                 
                   Vnguents
                   ,
                   Pomatums
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Plaisters
                 in
                 which
                 it
                 enters
                 ,
                 are
                 good
                 against
                 the
                 Itch
                 ,
                 and
                 Tetters
                 ,
                 and
                 do
                 dissolve
                 cold
                 tumours
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 opens
                 the
                 Pores
                 ,
                 and
                 drives
                 by
                 perspiration
                 .
                 Furthermore
                 ,
                 seeing
                 these
                 Distempers
                 are
                 fomented
                 by
                 Acid
                 humours
                 ,
                 it
                 breaks
                 their
                 edge
                 ,
                 and
                 hinders
                 them
                 from
                 causing
                 any
                 further
                 Fermentation
                 .
              
               
                 Hitherto
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 Remedy
                 found
                 out
                 to
                 be
                 so
                 soveraign
                 for
                 the
                 cure
                 of
                 Venereal
                 Maladies
                 ,
                 as
                 Mercury
                 ;
                 wherefore
                 its
                 greatest
                 enemies
                 have
                 been
                 forced
                 to
                 fly
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 tried
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 to
                 no
                 purpose
                 to
                 drive
                 out
                 the
                 poison
                 by
                 other
                 Remedies
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 truth
                 if
                 we
                 knew
                 any
                 milder
                 ones
                 that
                 were
                 able
                 to
                 terminate
                 the
                 Accidents
                 of
                 the
                 Pox
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 this
                 does
                 ,
                 't
                 would
                 argue
                 much
                 rashness
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 Mercury
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 always
                 conducted
                 according
                 to
                 our
                 desires
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 very
                 scurvey
                 consequences
                 
                 do
                 happen
                 upon
                 it
                 ;
                 but
                 we
                 know
                 no
                 other
                 that
                 can
                 be
                 esteemed
                 to
                 approach
                 it
                 in
                 virtue
                 for
                 all
                 Venereal
                 Diseases
                 ,
                 and
                 especially
                 the
                 Universal
                 Pox.
                 It
                 is
                 killed
                 in
                 Turpentine
                 ,
                 then
                 with
                 Suet
                 an
                 Ointment
                 is
                 made
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 that
                 serves
                 to
                 rub
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 particularly
                 the
                 joints
                 with
                 ,
                 several
                 days
                 together
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Patient
                 hath
                 been
                 prepared
                 by
                 Baths
                 ,
                 Broths
                 ,
                 and
                 Purges
                 .
                 The
                 Friction
                 is
                 continued
                 until
                 the
                 Salivation
                 rises
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 caused
                 by
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 Shancres
                 in
                 the
                 mouth
                 ;
                 for
                 these
                 Shancres
                 by
                 an
                 exceeding
                 great
                 acrimony
                 do
                 open
                 exceedingly
                 the
                 salivating
                 Vessels
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 way
                 to
                 a
                 tickling
                 Phlegm
                 ,
                 that
                 runs
                 down
                 abundantly
                 .
                 A
                 Flux
                 is
                 also
                 raised
                 by
                 applying
                 
                   Mercurial
                   Plaisters
                
                 upon
                 all
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 by
                 Fumigations
                 by
                 making
                 one
                 receive
                 the
                 Fume
                 of
                 Mercury
                 .
                 Again
                 it
                 is
                 raised
                 by
                 taking
                 inwardly
                 
                   white
                   Precipitate
                
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 other
                 Mercurial
                 Preparation
                 ,
                 without
                 using
                 it
                 outwardly
                 .
                 Let
                 us
                 now
                 come
                 to
                 reason
                 a
                 little
                 upon
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 effect
                 of
                 Mercury
                 hath
                 puzled
                 almost
                 all
                 Chymical
                 Philosophers
                 ;
                 and
                 those
                 Moderns
                 who
                 have
                 explicated
                 with
                 much
                 probability
                 and
                 likelihood
                 many
                 other
                 Natural
                 things
                 that
                 lay
                 hid
                 to
                 our
                 Forefathers
                 ,
                 have
                 declared
                 those
                 of
                 Mercury
                 to
                 be
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 difficult
                 .
                 I
                 know
                 very
                 well
                 that
                 several
                 Persons
                 governed
                 by
                 false
                 Principles
                 ,
                 have
                 not
                 forborn
                 to
                 give
                 us
                 their
                 Explications
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 their
                 discourses
                 come
                 to
                 be
                 examined
                 by
                 Chymistry
                 ,
                 which
                 alone
                 is
                 able
                 to
                 give
                 us
                 Demonstrations
                 on
                 this
                 matter
                 ,
                 they
                 presently
                 come
                 to
                 nothing
                 .
                 I
                 shall
                 here
                 present
                 you
                 with
                 a
                 Thought
                 of
                 mine
                 ,
                 that
                 seems
                 more
                 probable
                 than
                 any
                 thing
                 I
                 ever
                 met
                 with
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 maintained
                 by
                 Chymical
                 Experiments
                 .
              
               
               
                 You
                 must
                 first
                 take
                 notice
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 thing
                 indisputable
                 among
                 all
                 Physicians
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Nodes
                 ,
                 Tumors
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 effects
                 of
                 the
                 Venereal
                 Poison
                 are
                 fomented
                 by
                 Saline
                 or
                 Acid
                 humours
                 which
                 make
                 a
                 certain
                 Ferment
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 this
                 disease
                 can
                 never
                 be
                 cured
                 ,
                 until
                 this
                 Poison
                 is
                 quite
                 destroyed
                 .
                 This
                 being
                 supposed
                 ,
                 we
                 must
                 examine
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 Mercury
                 ,
                 and
                 see
                 what
                 will
                 become
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 if
                 we
                 mix
                 it
                 with
                 Salts
                 or
                 Acids
                 .
                 I
                 have
                 said
                 that
                 Mercury
                 is
                 a
                 Volatile
                 ,
                 and
                 we
                 shall
                 find
                 hereafter
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 making
                 of
                 
                   Sublimate
                   Corrosive
                   ,
                   Mercury
                
                 is
                 mixed
                 with
                 Salt
                 and
                 Vitriol
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 Acids
                 ;
                 that
                 upon
                 the
                 encreasing
                 the
                 fire
                 ,
                 the
                 Spirits
                 adhering
                 unto
                 Mercury
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 an
                 Alkali
                 ,
                 do
                 sublime
                 along
                 with
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 Vessel
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 together
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 called
                 
                   Sublimate
                   Corrosive
                
                 ;
                 Let
                 us
                 now
                 see
                 in
                 the
                 cure
                 of
                 the
                 Pox
                 ,
                 how
                 Mercury
                 is
                 used
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 mixed
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 said
                 ,
                 with
                 Suet
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 this
                 Unguent
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 are
                 rubbed
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Mercury
                 may
                 pierce
                 and
                 enter
                 through
                 the
                 Pores
                 ;
                 which
                 it
                 does
                 ,
                 as
                 every
                 Body
                 must
                 grant
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 hapning
                 ,
                 there
                 's
                 no
                 contradiction
                 at
                 all
                 in
                 thinking
                 that
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 it
                 mixes
                 with
                 the
                 Saline
                 or
                 Acid
                 Ferment
                 of
                 the
                 venereal
                 matter
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 doth
                 with
                 Salt
                 and
                 Vitriol
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Acid
                 Salts
                 of
                 the
                 Venereal
                 Poison
                 fixing
                 in
                 the
                 Pores
                 of
                 Mercury
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 said
                 ,
                 a
                 Volatile
                 Alkali
                 ,
                 do
                 sublime
                 together
                 ,
                 being
                 driven
                 by
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 head
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 vessel
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 coolest
                 place
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 most
                 proper
                 to
                 condense
                 them
                 .
              
               
               
                 At
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 the
                 Head
                 swells
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 inside
                 of
                 the
                 mouth
                 is
                 full
                 of
                 Shancres
                 ,
                 which
                 cause
                 a
                 pain
                 much
                 like
                 unto
                 that
                 a
                 man
                 would
                 receive
                 ,
                 if
                 
                   Sublimate
                   Corrosive
                
                 were
                 applied
                 some
                 time
                 upon
                 an
                 excoriated
                 part
                 .
                 Moreover
                 the
                 
                   Salivating
                   Vessels
                
                 being
                 prickt
                 and
                 corroded
                 with
                 this
                 sharp
                 humour
                 ,
                 do
                 open
                 ,
                 and
                 let
                 fall
                 abundance
                 of
                 Phlegm
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 causes
                 the
                 involuntary
                 Salivation
                 ,
                 that
                 uses
                 to
                 accompany
                 these
                 Shancres
                 ,
                 and
                 remains
                 sometimes
                 a
                 longer
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 a
                 less
                 time
                 ,
                 according
                 as
                 the
                 Shancres
                 are
                 more
                 or
                 less
                 acrimonious
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Phlegm
                 trickling
                 down
                 continually
                 ,
                 cleanses
                 them
                 from
                 their
                 keen
                 Salts
                 ,
                 and
                 mitigates
                 the
                 pain
                 ,
                 whence
                 it
                 comes
                 to
                 pass
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 often
                 cured
                 of
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 the
                 
                   Salivating
                   Vessels
                
                 closing
                 up
                 again
                 ,
                 the
                 Flux
                 doth
                 cease
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 sometimes
                 happens
                 ,
                 when
                 a
                 man
                 is
                 not
                 well
                 prepared
                 to
                 receive
                 a
                 Flux
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 raised
                 too
                 soon
                 ;
                 that
                 the
                 Sublimation
                 being
                 too
                 violent
                 ,
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Sublimate
                 sticks
                 to
                 some
                 one
                 or
                 more
                 of
                 the
                 vessels
                 ,
                 and
                 coroding
                 their
                 membrane
                 ,
                 causes
                 grievous
                 Hemorrhagies
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 seen
                 to
                 happen
                 several
                 times
                 ,
                 and
                 among
                 others
                 to
                 a
                 man
                 in
                 Languedock
                 ,
                 who
                 voided
                 in
                 half
                 an
                 hours
                 time
                 twelve
                 pints
                 of
                 blood
                 by
                 mouth
                 ,
                 without
                 dying
                 of
                 it
                 notwithstanding
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 was
                 a
                 very
                 stout
                 lusty
                 man.
                 
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 what
                 may
                 still
                 remain
                 of
                 the
                 Venereal
                 Poison
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Salts
                 are
                 driven
                 out
                 ,
                 its
                 dissolution
                 is
                 then
                 a
                 very
                 easie
                 business
                 ,
                 because
                 nothing
                 but
                 those
                 Salts
                 was
                 able
                 to
                 hold
                 it
                 coagulated
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 easie
                 to
                 conceive
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 subtiler
                 part
                 of
                 it
                 may
                 pass
                 through
                 the
                 Pores
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 
                 more
                 terrestrious
                 precipitate
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 evacuated
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 Urine
                 .
              
               
                 Perhaps
                 you
                 'l
                 object
                 ,
                 that
                 Mercury
                 will
                 raise
                 a
                 Flux
                 in
                 Persons
                 who
                 never
                 had
                 such
                 a
                 Disease
                 as
                 the
                 Pox
                 ,
                 and
                 who
                 never
                 had
                 any
                 of
                 those
                 tumours
                 that
                 contain
                 Acid
                 Salts
                 ;
                 but
                 it
                 is
                 an
                 easie
                 matter
                 to
                 answer
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 man
                 whatsoever
                 ,
                 let
                 him
                 be
                 never
                 so
                 sound
                 ,
                 but
                 hath
                 store
                 of
                 Saline
                 or
                 Acid
                 humours
                 in
                 his
                 body
                 ;
                 the
                 Serum
                 which
                 runs
                 into
                 every
                 part
                 is
                 full
                 of
                 Salt
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Ferments
                 that
                 preserve
                 the
                 Oeconomy
                 of
                 Nature
                 ,
                 do
                 it
                 by
                 nothing
                 else
                 but
                 Salts
                 or
                 Acids
                 ;
                 Now
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 more
                 difficulty
                 in
                 comprehending
                 that
                 Mercury
                 may
                 joyn
                 with
                 the
                 Acids
                 of
                 a
                 sound
                 Person
                 ,
                 than
                 those
                 of
                 an
                 impure
                 tumour
                 :
                 for
                 I
                 don't
                 think
                 that
                 Mercury
                 goes
                 immediately
                 and
                 seeks
                 out
                 the
                 Acids
                 in
                 the
                 tumours
                 of
                 impure
                 Persons
                 ,
                 it
                 must
                 have
                 an
                 understanding
                 to
                 do
                 that
                 ;
                 but
                 being
                 rarified
                 and
                 moved
                 by
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 it
                 circulates
                 every
                 where
                 ,
                 until
                 it
                 comes
                 to
                 find
                 a
                 Salt
                 that
                 is
                 able
                 to
                 fix
                 it
                 in
                 some
                 measure
                 ,
                 and
                 hinder
                 its
                 motion
                 .
              
               
                 Sometimes
                 this
                 Mercury
                 not
                 meeting
                 with
                 salts
                 enough
                 to
                 detain
                 it
                 ,
                 passes
                 off
                 by
                 transpiration
                 ,
                 and
                 carries
                 along
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 united
                 to
                 it
                 ;
                 whence
                 it
                 comes
                 to
                 pass
                 that
                 many
                 have
                 been
                 cured
                 of
                 the
                 Pox
                 without
                 a
                 Flux
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 other
                 times
                 it
                 meets
                 with
                 Alkali
                 salts
                 which
                 force
                 it
                 to
                 quit
                 its
                 hold
                 of
                 these
                 Acids
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 it
                 precipitates
                 downwards
                 ,
                 and
                 purges
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 stool
                 ,
                 whence
                 it
                 comes
                 to
                 pass
                 that
                 those
                 who
                 have
                 a
                 looseness
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 their
                 taking
                 Mercury
                 ,
                 are
                 exceeding
                 hard
                 to
                 receive
                 a
                 Flux
                 .
              
               
               
                 Upon
                 the
                 same
                 Principle
                 may
                 be
                 given
                 the
                 reason
                 of
                 many
                 other
                 Accidents
                 which
                 follow
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 Mercury
                 .
                 But
                 let
                 us
                 see
                 whether
                 any
                 thing
                 of
                 use
                 may
                 be
                 drawn
                 from
                 this
                 Discourse
                 for
                 the
                 cure
                 of
                 Venereal
                 Maladies
                 .
              
               
                 Although
                 the
                 
                   Poulains
                   ,
                   Phymosis
                   ,
                   Shancres
                   ,
                   Gonorrhoea's
                   ,
                
                 and
                 other
                 Precursors
                 of
                 the
                 Pox
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 cured
                 without
                 a
                 Flux
                 ,
                 yet
                 nevertheless
                 you
                 must
                 not
                 neglect
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 Mercury
                 ;
                 for
                 these
                 Diseases
                 do
                 contain
                 in
                 them
                 a
                 Poison
                 that
                 is
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 different
                 from
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Pox
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 in
                 that
                 it
                 hath
                 not
                 fermented
                 enough
                 to
                 be
                 rarified
                 and
                 carried
                 by
                 the
                 Circulation
                 into
                 the
                 Habit
                 of
                 the
                 body
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 there
                 will
                 remain
                 some
                 Salts
                 which
                 cannot
                 be
                 carried
                 away
                 clear
                 by
                 any
                 thing
                 but
                 Mercury
                 ,
                 which
                 when
                 given
                 in
                 a
                 small
                 quantity
                 on
                 these
                 occasions
                 ,
                 drives
                 only
                 by
                 perspiration
                 or
                 by
                 stool
                 ,
                 without
                 a
                 Flux
                 .
                 
                   Sweet
                   sublimate
                
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 I
                 shall
                 shortly
                 speak
                 ,
                 is
                 very
                 much
                 used
                 in
                 these
                 Distempers
                 ,
                 among
                 other
                 general
                 Remedies
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 you
                 undertake
                 the
                 cure
                 of
                 one
                 in
                 the
                 Pox
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 bathe
                 him
                 a
                 good
                 while
                 ,
                 purge
                 ,
                 and
                 bleed
                 him
                 for
                 Preparation
                 of
                 the
                 humours
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 that
                 Mercury
                 finding
                 them
                 more
                 fluid
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 unite
                 with
                 them
                 the
                 more
                 easily
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 carry
                 them
                 off
                 .
                 This
                 Mercury
                 must
                 be
                 administred
                 by
                 little
                 and
                 little
                 at
                 first
                 ,
                 afterwards
                 the
                 Dose
                 is
                 augmented
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 strength
                 of
                 the
                 Patient
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 the
                 Jaws
                 begin
                 once
                 to
                 ake
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 give
                 no
                 more
                 ,
                 unless
                 it
                 be
                 now
                 and
                 then
                 for
                 continuation
                 of
                 the
                 Flux
                 .
                 They
                 spit
                 commonly
                 three
                 Weeks
                 together
                 ,
                 but
                 if
                 it
                 doth
                 not
                 by
                 that
                 time
                 stop
                 of
                 its
                 own
                 accord
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 endeavour
                 to
                 stop
                 it
                 with
                 Detersive
                 Gargarisms
                 .
              
               
               
                 It
                 happens
                 sometimes
                 that
                 the
                 Salivating
                 vessels
                 dilate
                 and
                 open
                 so
                 extreamly
                 by
                 the
                 Corrosive
                 Salts
                 which
                 caused
                 the
                 Salivation
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 cannot
                 be
                 closed
                 again
                 by
                 any
                 kind
                 of
                 Gargarism
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 the
                 Brain
                 dries
                 up
                 by
                 little
                 and
                 little
                 ,
                 and
                 Death
                 is
                 the
                 consequent
                 of
                 all
                 ;
                 wherefore
                 you
                 must
                 have
                 a
                 great
                 care
                 of
                 not
                 letting
                 the
                 Flux
                 run
                 too
                 long
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 could
                 attribute
                 the
                 invention
                 of
                 this
                 discourse
                 to
                 my self
                 ,
                 being
                 the
                 first
                 who
                 have
                 thus
                 treated
                 of
                 this
                 matter
                 in
                 France
                 ,
                 and
                 maintained
                 it
                 in
                 
                   publick
                   meetings
                
                 ;
                 but
                 I
                 am
                 not
                 possessed
                 with
                 that
                 vanity
                 of
                 Authors
                 ,
                 I
                 leave
                 it
                 to
                 those
                 who
                 love
                 it
                 :
                 I
                 had
                 no
                 affectation
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 
                   Book
                   on
                   purpose
                
                 concerning
                 it
                 ,
                 but
                 have
                 only
                 mentioned
                 it
                 as
                 a
                 thing
                 incident
                 to
                 the
                 Subject
                 I
                 treated
                 of
                 .
                 I
                 shall
                 only
                 say
                 by
                 the
                 by
                 ,
                 that
                 those
                 who
                 make
                 pretence
                 of
                 first
                 finding
                 it
                 out
                 ,
                 have
                 hapned
                 to
                 make
                 their
                 complaints
                 a
                 little
                 too
                 late
                 ,
                 having
                 Printed
                 their
                 Book
                 a
                 year
                 after
                 mine
                 ,
                 and
                 three
                 years
                 after
                 I
                 held
                 a
                 
                   Publick
                   Discourse
                
                 of
                 it
                 at
                 
                   Monsieur
                   de
                   Launay's
                
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 speak
                 of
                 what
                 I
                 taught
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 before
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 
                   Courses
                   of
                   Chymistry
                
                 that
                 I
                 shewed
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 thinking
                 to
                 invalidate
                 what
                 I
                 have
                 hereupon
                 established
                 ,
                 do
                 say
                 that
                 Mercury
                 cannot
                 be
                 absolutely
                 called
                 an
                 alkali
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 alkali
                 that
                 is
                 in
                 Mercury
                 is
                 but
                 one
                 part
                 of
                 its
                 Composition
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 separated
                 from
                 its
                 other
                 parts
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 Answer
                 this
                 difficulty
                 ,
                 you
                 need
                 but
                 only
                 read
                 in
                 the
                 Remarks
                 that
                 I
                 have
                 made
                 upon
                 the
                 Principles
                 ,
                 how
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 I
                 do
                 explicate
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 an
                 alkali
                 ,
                 and
                 you
                 'l
                 find
                 that
                 although
                 the
                 name
                 alkali
                 comes
                 from
                 the
                 Salt
                 of
                 a
                 Plant
                 called
                 Kali
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 soapwort
                 ,
                 yet
                 all
                 bodies
                 that
                 cause
                 a
                 sudden
                 
                 Effervescency
                 with
                 acids
                 are
                 called
                 Alkali's
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 need
                 of
                 their
                 containing
                 any
                 
                   Alkali
                   salt
                
                 within
                 them
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 I
                 have
                 no
                 need
                 to
                 enlarge
                 this
                 Book
                 without
                 reason
                 ,
                 by
                 Answering
                 all
                 the
                 little
                 Objections
                 that
                 have
                 been
                 made
                 to
                 me
                 upon
                 the
                 supposition
                 of
                 
                 Mercury's
                 being
                 a
                 pure
                 Alkali
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 likely
                 enough
                 that
                 those
                 who
                 have
                 rais'd
                 them
                 ,
                 have
                 not
                 read
                 with
                 attention
                 what
                 I
                 have
                 said
                 in
                 my
                 Remarks
                 upon
                 Mercury
                 .
                 For
                 there
                 they
                 might
                 find
                 Solutions
                 enough
                 .
                 I
                 shall
                 speak
                 neverless
                 to
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Principal
                 ones
                 .
              
               
                 First
                 ,
                 It
                 is
                 Objected
                 that
                 if
                 Mercury
                 be
                 an
                 Alkali
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Venereal
                 venom
                 an
                 acid
                 ,
                 this
                 same
                 acid
                 should
                 certainly
                 fix
                 it
                 ,
                 whereas
                 the
                 Dissolutions
                 of
                 it
                 that
                 are
                 made
                 by
                 the
                 Juices
                 ,
                 do
                 only
                 serve
                 to
                 encrease
                 its
                 Volatility
                 ,
                 and
                 render
                 it
                 Corrosive
                 ,
                 instead
                 of
                 being
                 at
                 all
                 sweetned
                 by
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 Answer
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 as
                 false
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 Mercury
                 is
                 Volatilized
                 by
                 the
                 Acid
                 juices
                 of
                 the
                 Venereal
                 venom
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 Mercury
                 mixed
                 with
                 Acid
                 Spirits
                 to
                 render
                 it
                 Corrosive
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 Volatilized
                 by
                 the
                 same
                 Spirits
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 Mercury
                 alone
                 does
                 easily
                 Volatilize
                 by
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 and
                 nothing
                 but
                 Acids
                 are
                 able
                 to
                 fix
                 it
                 at
                 all
                 .
                 I
                 thought
                 I
                 had
                 sufficiently
                 explicated
                 my self
                 as
                 to
                 this
                 ,
                 when
                 I
                 said
                 that
                 sometimes
                 Mercury
                 ,
                 finding
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 body
                 enough
                 Acid
                 Spirits
                 to
                 fix
                 it
                 ,
                 does
                 pass
                 by
                 
                   Transpiration
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 Corrosive
                 nature
                 that
                 the
                 Mercury
                 assumes
                 ,
                 we
                 must
                 attribute
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 Disposition
                 of
                 its
                 Pores
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 abundance
                 of
                 Acid
                 points
                 it
                 is
                 impregnated
                 with
                 ;
                 and
                 seeing
                 it
                 will
                 not
                 sweeten
                 the
                 Acidity
                 of
                 Salt
                 and
                 Vitriol
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 it
                 is
                 mixed
                 to
                 make
                 
                   Sublimate
                   Corrosive
                
                 ,
                 why
                 should
                 
                 we
                 expect
                 it
                 to
                 sweeten
                 the
                 Acid
                 juices
                 of
                 the
                 body
                 ?
                 I
                 do
                 not
                 pretend
                 nevertheless
                 that
                 it
                 never
                 Dulcifies
                 at
                 all
                 ;
                 for
                 I
                 do
                 conceive
                 it
                 may
                 destroy
                 much
                 of
                 their
                 force
                 by
                 dividing
                 and
                 breaking
                 their
                 points
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Acids
                 are
                 but
                 few
                 ,
                 as
                 does
                 happen
                 in
                 
                   Mercurius
                   dulcis
                
                 .
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 It
                 is
                 Objected
                 that
                 if
                 the
                 venom
                 of
                 the
                 Pox
                 were
                 an
                 Acid
                 ,
                 it
                 might
                 then
                 be
                 Cured
                 by
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 
                   Alkali
                   Salts
                
                 ,
                 either
                 fixt
                 or
                 Volatile
                 ,
                 as
                 by
                 
                   Crabs-Eyes
                   ,
                   Pearl
                
                 ,
                 or
                 Coral
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 bodies
                 as
                 are
                 wont
                 to
                 kill
                 and
                 sweeten
                 Acid
                 humours
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 Answer
                 ,
                 we
                 often
                 find
                 that
                 
                   Volatile
                   salts
                
                 do
                 give
                 some
                 ease
                 to
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 troubled
                 with
                 the
                 
                   Venereal
                   distemper
                
                 ,
                 whether
                 it
                 be
                 by
                 opening
                 the
                 Pores
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 making
                 the
                 subtiler
                 part
                 of
                 it
                 perspire
                 away
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 by
                 being
                 Alkali's
                 ,
                 they
                 do
                 absorb
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 reason
                 some
                 do
                 use
                 to
                 give
                 their
                 Patients
                 the
                 
                   Volatile
                   Salt
                   of
                   Vipers
                
                 several
                 mornings
                 together
                 ,
                 but
                 these
                 Alkali's
                 are
                 in
                 truth
                 of
                 too
                 weak
                 a
                 nature
                 to
                 carry
                 off
                 such
                 an
                 Acidity
                 ,
                 after
                 they
                 are
                 impregnated
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 Mercury
                 is
                 able
                 to
                 do
                 without
                 losing
                 its
                 nature
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 Nets
                 of
                 too
                 fine
                 a
                 make
                 ,
                 to
                 catch
                 such
                 keen
                 and
                 active
                 bodies
                 ;
                 if
                 these
                 Salts
                 do
                 destroy
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Acidity
                 ,
                 they
                 destroy
                 themselves
                 likewise
                 in
                 the
                 conflict
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 can
                 have
                 no
                 further
                 operation
                 ,
                 wherefore
                 there
                 's
                 need
                 of
                 a
                 more
                 powerful
                 
                   Volatile
                   Alkali
                
                 than
                 these
                 Salts
                 are
                 ,
                 to
                 eradicate
                 the
                 Acidity
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Venereal
                   poison
                
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 
                   Fixt
                   Salts
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Alkali
                 bodies
                 ,
                 as
                 
                   Pearl
                   ,
                   Coral
                   ,
                   Crabs-eyes
                
                 ,
                 whereas
                 they
                 have
                 no
                 Volatile
                 quality
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 tendency
                 is
                 wholly
                 downwards
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 very
                 uncertain
                 whether
                 ever
                 they
                 reach
                 to
                 
                   Venereal
                   tumours
                
                 (
                 which
                 commonly
                 
                 rise
                 in
                 the
                 Joints
                 ,
                 )
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 long
                 way
                 they
                 have
                 to
                 pass
                 thither
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Juices
                 they
                 have
                 to
                 encounter
                 with
                 in
                 their
                 passage
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 in
                 all
                 likelihood
                 change
                 their
                 nature
                 ;
                 but
                 suppose
                 they
                 were
                 carried
                 to
                 those
                 Tumors
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 qualifications
                 with
                 which
                 they
                 were
                 taken
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 only
                 serve
                 to
                 weaken
                 a
                 little
                 this
                 Acidity
                 ,
                 without
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 carry
                 it
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 they
                 would
                 only
                 give
                 a
                 little
                 ease
                 ,
                 without
                 removing
                 Radically
                 the
                 Ferment
                 of
                 the
                 Distemper
                 ,
                 as
                 Mercury
                 is
                 able
                 to
                 do
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 may
                 be
                 further
                 asked
                 why
                 Sublimate
                 does
                 not
                 fill
                 the
                 substance
                 of
                 the
                 Brain
                 with
                 Vlcers
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 it
                 does
                 the
                 mouth
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 Answer
                 that
                 this
                 Sublimate
                 being
                 in
                 the
                 Brain
                 ,
                 finds
                 it self
                 so
                 clog'd
                 with
                 a
                 Mucilaginous
                 moisture
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 fain
                 to
                 lose
                 there
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 its
                 Acidity
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 it
                 can
                 do
                 nothing
                 else
                 but
                 cause
                 a
                 Fermentation
                 ,
                 which
                 makes
                 the
                 Phlegm
                 purge
                 away
                 through
                 the
                 
                   Salivating
                   vessels
                
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 causes
                 the
                 Spittle
                 of
                 those
                 who
                 have
                 a
                 Flux
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 so
                 sharp
                 and
                 stinking
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 sharp
                 Phlegm
                 may
                 also
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 passes
                 in
                 the
                 mouth
                 ,
                 encrease
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Vlcers
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 mouth
                 is
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 the
                 sink
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 body
                 upon
                 this
                 occasion
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Sublimate
               Corrosive
               .
            
             
               
                 Sublimate
                 Corrosive
              
               is
               a
               Mercury
               impregnated
               with
               acids
               ,
               and
               raised
               by
               fire
               to
               the
               top
               of
               the
               vessel
               .
            
             
             
               Put
               a
               pound
               of
               Mercury
               revived
               from
               Cinnabar
               into
               a
               Matrass
               ,
               pour
               upon
               it
               Eighteen
               ounces
               of
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Niter
              
               :
               Set
               your
               Matrass
               in
               Sand
               a
               little
               warm
               ,
               and
               leave
               it
               there
               till
               it
               be
               all
               dissolved
               ;
               pour
               your
               dissolution
               ,
               which
               will
               be
               clear
               as
               water
               ,
               into
               a
               glass
               vessel
               or
               earthen
               pan
               ,
               and
               evaporate
               the
               Liquor
               gently
               in
               Sand
               ,
               until
               there
               remains
               a
               white
               Mass
               ,
               which
               you
               must
               powder
               in
               a
               glass
               mortar
               ,
               and
               mix
               with
               a
               pound
               of
               Vitriol
               Calcined
               white
               ,
               and
               so
               much
               Salt
               decrepitated
               :
               put
               this
               mixture
               into
               a
               Matrass
               ,
               whose
               two
               thirds
               at
               least
               remain
               empty
               ;
               place
               your
               Matrass
               in
               Sand
               ,
               and
               begin
               with
               giving
               a
               small
               fire
               ,
               which
               you
               must
               continue
               so
               for
               three
               hours
               ,
               then
               encrease
               it
               with
               coals
               to
               a
               pretty
               good
               strength
               ,
               there
               will
               arise
               a
               Sublimate
               to
               the
               top
               of
               the
               Matrass
               ;
               the
               Operation
               must
               be
               ended
               in
               six
               or
               seven
               hours
               ,
               let
               the
               Matrass
               cool
               ,
               then
               break
               it
               ,
               avoiding
               a
               kind
               of
               Farine
               or
               light
               powder
               that
               flies
               into
               the
               air
               when
               the
               matter
               is
               stirred
               ;
               you
               'l
               have
               a
               pound
               of
               very
               good
               
                 Sublimate
                 Corrosive
              
               ,
               keep
               it
               for
               use
               .
            
             
               The
               red
               Scories
               that
               are
               found
               at
               the
               bottom
               ,
               must
               be
               flung
               away
               as
               useless
               .
            
             
               This
               Sublimate
               is
               a
               powerful
               Escharotick
               ,
               it
               eats
               proud
               flesh
               ,
               and
               cleanses
               old
               Ulcers
               very
               well
               .
               If
               half
               a
               drachm
               of
               it
               be
               dissolved
               in
               a
               pound
               of
               Lime-water
               ,
               it
               turns
               Yellow
               ,
               and
               makes
               that
               which
               is
               called
               
                 Phagedenick
                 Water
              
               .
            
             
               
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 needs
                 not
                 half
                 the
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 for
                 dissolving
                 a
                 pound
                 of
                 Mercury
                 ,
                 as
                 there
                 does
                 for
                 the
                 same
                 weight
                 of
                 Bismuth
                 ,
                 although
                 the
                 pores
                 of
                 this
                 last
                 be
                 much
                 the
                 larger
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 parts
                 more
                 disposed
                 for
                 separation
                 ;
                 the
                 reason
                 of
                 which
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Mercury
                 being
                 Volatile
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 disunited
                 in
                 its
                 parts
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 divide
                 almost
                 of
                 it self
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 held
                 up
                 more
                 easily
                 by
                 
                   Acid
                   Spirits
                
                 ,
                 than
                 another
                 body
                 can
                 be
                 whose
                 parts
                 are
                 more
                 united
                 ,
                 and
                 whose
                 tendency
                 is
                 downwards
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 Bismuth
                 is
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 dissolution
                 of
                 mercury
                 is
                 a
                 making
                 ,
                 there
                 appears
                 a
                 great
                 ebullition
                 in
                 the
                 Matrass
                 accompanied
                 with
                 Red
                 vapours
                 ;
                 also
                 the
                 heat
                 is
                 so
                 very
                 strong
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 man
                 cannot
                 endure
                 his
                 hand
                 upon
                 it
                 :
                 all
                 this
                 great
                 stir
                 proceeds
                 from
                 the
                 Acids
                 ,
                 which
                 meet
                 with
                 resistance
                 in
                 their
                 penetration
                 of
                 this
                 body
                 ;
                 for
                 jostling
                 one
                 against
                 another
                 ,
                 they
                 heat
                 the
                 liquor
                 ,
                 and
                 cause
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 to
                 evaporate
                 away
                 in
                 red
                 clouds
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 uses
                 always
                 to
                 do
                 when
                 it
                 rarifies
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 mercury
                 is
                 all
                 dissolved
                 ,
                 the
                 dissolution
                 clears
                 up
                 and
                 cools
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 edges
                 of
                 the
                 Spirits
                 are
                 all
                 sheathed
                 in
                 the
                 mercury
                 ,
                 whence
                 their
                 motion
                 comes
                 to
                 be
                 interrupted
                 and
                 cease
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 is
                 a
                 thing
                 so
                 true
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 you
                 should
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 curiosity
                 distil
                 this
                 dissolution
                 ,
                 you
                 would
                 draw
                 off
                 only
                 a
                 weak
                 acid
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 edges
                 do
                 remain
                 involved
                 with
                 the
                 mercury
                 in
                 a
                 white
                 mass
                 .
              
               
               
                 That
                 which
                 proves
                 this
                 Remark
                 is
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 white
                 mass
                 which
                 is
                 drawn
                 from
                 the
                 Solution
                 of
                 sixteen
                 ounces
                 of
                 Quicksilver
                 in
                 eighten
                 ounces
                 of
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 does
                 weigh
                 at
                 least
                 two
                 and
                 twenty
                 ounces
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 six
                 ounces
                 more
                 than
                 the
                 weight
                 of
                 the
                 Quicksilver
                 .
                 Now
                 this
                 augmentation
                 cannot
                 proceed
                 from
                 any
                 thing
                 else
                 but
                 the
                 
                   acid
                   Spirits
                
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 mass
                 is
                 exceeding
                 Corrosive
                 ,
                 by
                 means
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 
                   acid
                   Spirits
                
                 ,
                 which
                 become
                 very
                 active
                 whereever
                 they
                 are
                 met
                 with
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 instead
                 of
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 we
                 should
                 use
                 
                   Aqua
                   ,
                   fortis
                
                 to
                 dissolve
                 the
                 Mercury
                 ,
                 the
                 Solution
                 would
                 become
                 clear
                 like
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 but
                 there
                 would
                 be
                 this
                 difference
                 between
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 we
                 have
                 evaporated
                 about
                 a
                 fourth
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 liquor
                 in
                 a
                 glass-body
                 in
                 Sand
                 ,
                 the
                 remainder
                 would
                 be
                 as
                 red
                 as
                 
                   Claret
                   wine
                
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 we
                 should
                 let
                 the
                 liquor
                 cool
                 ,
                 there
                 would
                 appear
                 in
                 it
                 white
                 Crystals
                 in
                 form
                 of
                 long
                 needles
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 liquor
                 would
                 still
                 retain
                 its
                 red
                 colour
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 conceive
                 that
                 the
                 Solution
                 acquires
                 this
                 colour
                 from
                 the
                 Sulphurs
                 which
                 remain
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Aqua
                   fortis
                
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Sulphureous
                 parts
                 being
                 in
                 great
                 motion
                 may
                 often
                 turn
                 and
                 whirl
                 about
                 the
                 insensible
                 parts
                 of
                 Mercury
                 round
                 their
                 center
                 .
                 Now
                 it
                 is
                 easie
                 to
                 Remark
                 by
                 abundance
                 of
                 Experiments
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 red
                 colour
                 is
                 a
                 consequence
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 attenuation
                 ,
                 or
                 disposition
                 to
                 circulary
                 motion
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 matter
                 has
                 received
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Solution
                 which
                 is
                 made
                 with
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 does
                 not
                 become
                 red
                 ,
                 because
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 Sulphur
                 in
                 this
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 there
                 is
                 not
                 enough
                 to
                 do
                 it
                 .
              
               
               
                 You
                 might
                 perform
                 this
                 Operation
                 by
                 only
                 mixing
                 crude
                 Mercury
                 with
                 Salt
                 and
                 Vitriol
                 ,
                 without
                 taking
                 the
                 pains
                 to
                 dissolve
                 it
                 with
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 ,
                 but
                 you
                 would
                 be
                 an
                 intolerable
                 while
                 incorporating
                 them
                 together
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 Quicksilver
                 imperceptible
                 .
                 Moreover
                 there
                 rises
                 up
                 a
                 dust
                 to
                 the
                 Nose
                 that
                 is
                 very
                 unwholsom
                 :
                 that
                 which
                 we
                 aim
                 at
                 therefore
                 by
                 dissolving
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 reducing
                 it
                 into
                 a
                 white
                 Mass
                 ,
                 is
                 only
                 to
                 prepare
                 it
                 for
                 an
                 easier
                 mixture
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 Sublimation
                 I
                 have
                 described
                 ,
                 the
                 Mercury
                 loads
                 it self
                 with
                 as
                 many
                 Acid
                 Spirits
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 able
                 to
                 contain
                 ;
                 these
                 Spirits
                 are
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 load
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 restrain
                 its
                 great
                 Volatility
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 it
                 doth
                 not
                 evaporate
                 quite
                 away
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 would
                 do
                 if
                 there
                 were
                 nothing
                 to
                 withhold
                 it
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 only
                 Sublimes
                 to
                 the
                 upper
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Vessel
                 in
                 fair
                 white
                 Crystals
                 that
                 are
                 called
                 
                   Sublimate
                   Corrosive
                
                 ;
                 the
                 Mass
                 that
                 remains
                 at
                 the
                 bottom
                 of
                 the
                 Matrass
                 is
                 nothing
                 but
                 a
                 mixture
                 of
                 the
                 Terrestrious
                 parts
                 of
                 Salt
                 and
                 Vitriol
                 ;
                 it
                 weighs
                 eight
                 and
                 twenty
                 ounces
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 will
                 needs
                 blame
                 this
                 preparation
                 of
                 
                   Sublimate
                   Corrosive
                
                 ,
                 by
                 saying
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 used
                 to
                 the
                 making
                 
                   Mercurius
                   dulcis
                
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 suspected
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 its
                 acrimony
                 ,
                 and
                 particularly
                 its
                 Saline
                 Sulphureous
                 parts
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 by
                 performing
                 this
                 Operation
                 ,
                 the
                 way
                 that
                 I
                 have
                 described
                 ,
                 there
                 will
                 be
                 no
                 need
                 of
                 retaining
                 any
                 scruple
                 upon
                 this
                 account
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Sublimate
                 can't
                 be
                 made
                 ,
                 without
                 an
                 evaporation
                 of
                 many
                 red
                 vapours
                 through
                 the
                 entrance
                 of
                 the
                 Matrass
                 ,
                 for
                 three
                 hours
                 time
                 at
                 the
                 least
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 these
                 vapours
                 can
                 be
                 nothing
                 else
                 but
                 the
                 
                   Spirits
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 ,
                 for
                 so
                 small
                 a
                 fire
                 is
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 separate
                 and
                 raise
                 so
                 high
                 the
                 Spirits
                 of
                 Salt
                 and
                 Vitriol
                 .
                 Thus
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 need
                 of
                 fearing
                 these
                 Saline
                 Sulphureous
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 is
                 thought
                 to
                 be
                 well
                 stored
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 being
                 of
                 a
                 Volatile
                 nature
                 must
                 necessarily
                 come
                 before
                 the
                 others
                 .
                 But
                 supposing
                 that
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 did
                 still
                 remain
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Sublimate
                   Corrosive
                
                 of
                 which
                 we
                 make
                 our
                 
                   Mercurius
                   dulcis
                
                 ,
                 I
                 see
                 no
                 reason
                 why
                 we
                 should
                 apprehend
                 more
                 hurt
                 from
                 their
                 acrimony
                 than
                 from
                 the
                 other
                 Corrosive
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 because
                 few
                 men
                 scruple
                 to
                 give
                 this
                 Spirit
                 itself
                 inwardly
                 ,
                 in
                 potions
                 for
                 the
                 Colick
                 and
                 other
                 diseases
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 give
                 divers
                 Preparations
                 made
                 with
                 this
                 dissolvent
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 
                   white
                   Precipitate
                
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 Precipitates
                 of
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 visible
                 harm
                 .
                 But
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 most
                 remarkable
                 ,
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 even
                 those
                 who
                 cry
                 out
                 upon
                 this
                 Preparation
                 for
                 being
                 made
                 with
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 ,
                 do
                 nevertheless
                 themselves
                 recommend
                 and
                 use
                 much
                 a
                 
                   Mercurius
                   dulcis
                
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 make
                 by
                 Subliming
                 white
                 Precipitate
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 prepared
                 with
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Corrosion
                 of
                 Sublimate
                 does
                 proceed
                 from
                 the
                 edged
                 Acids
                 which
                 do
                 fix
                 in
                 the
                 body
                 of
                 Mercury
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 said
                 with
                 great
                 probability
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 metal
                 always
                 retaining
                 a
                 round
                 figure
                 ,
                 (
                 let
                 it
                 be
                 divided
                 never
                 so
                 subtily
                 )
                 does
                 rarifie
                 by
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 fire
                 into
                 an
                 abundance
                 of
                 little
                 balls
                 which
                 the
                 acid
                 Spirits
                 do
                 fix
                 into
                 on
                 all
                 sides
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 interlace
                 themselves
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 hinder
                 its
                 rising
                 higher
                 ,
                 and
                 do
                 together
                 make
                 one
                 body
                 that
                 is
                 called
                 Sublimate
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 this
                 Sublimate
                 is
                 
                 applied
                 to
                 flesh
                 ,
                 the
                 heat
                 and
                 moisture
                 of
                 it
                 do
                 set
                 in
                 motion
                 the
                 Mercurial
                 parts
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 motion
                 of
                 the
                 little
                 balls
                 being
                 once
                 raised
                 ,
                 they
                 rowl
                 about
                 with
                 great
                 fury
                 ,
                 and
                 tear
                 the
                 flesh
                 with
                 the
                 edges
                 they
                 contain
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 like
                 so
                 many
                 little
                 knives
                 cutting
                 whereever
                 they
                 touch
                 ;
                 from
                 whence
                 it
                 comes
                 to
                 pass
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 the
                 Sublimate
                 should
                 be
                 taken
                 inwardly
                 ,
                 it
                 kills
                 in
                 a
                 very
                 little
                 time
                 ;
                 the
                 humidity
                 which
                 does
                 always
                 accompany
                 and
                 soften
                 our
                 flesh
                 ,
                 gives
                 it
                 a
                 greater
                 hold
                 than
                 otherwise
                 it
                 would
                 have
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 reason
                 why
                 Sublimate
                 does
                 act
                 with
                 that
                 celerity
                 it
                 does
                 upon
                 a
                 soft
                 moist
                 part
                 rather
                 than
                 a
                 dry
                 :
                 nay
                 it
                 is
                 often
                 wetted
                 with
                 a
                 little
                 water
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 it
                 work
                 the
                 more
                 quickly
                 .
              
               
                 By
                 this
                 Remark
                 may
                 be
                 explicated
                 ,
                 why
                 the
                 
                   Lapis
                   infernalis
                
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 Silver
                 filled
                 with
                 the
                 edges
                 of
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 ,
                 has
                 not
                 so
                 violent
                 an
                 effect
                 as
                 
                   Sublimate
                   Corrosive
                
                 ;
                 because
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 Silver
                 have
                 no
                 such
                 aptitude
                 to
                 rowl
                 to
                 and
                 fro
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 rise
                 ,
                 as
                 those
                 of
                 Mercury
                 have
                 ;
                 for
                 which
                 reason
                 it
                 is
                 likewise
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 does
                 not
                 make
                 so
                 great
                 an
                 Eschar
                 as
                 the
                 Sublimate
                 ,
                 although
                 it
                 does
                 contain
                 at
                 least
                 as
                 much
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 other
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 thus
                 a
                 reason
                 may
                 be
                 given
                 ,
                 why
                 even
                 six
                 grains
                 of
                 Crystals
                 of
                 Silver
                 may
                 be
                 given
                 by
                 mouth
                 without
                 any
                 danger
                 ,
                 whenas
                 not
                 two
                 grains
                 of
                 Sublimate
                 can
                 be
                 given
                 without
                 a
                 manifest
                 danger
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Crystals
                 of
                 the
                 Moon
                 have
                 not
                 that
                 circulary
                 motion
                 in
                 their
                 parts
                 ,
                 as
                 Sublimate
                 has
                 ,
                 all
                 their
                 tendency
                 is
                 only
                 downwards
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 that
                 they
                 can
                 do
                 is
                 to
                 purge
                 by
                 their
                 Acidity
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 
                   Sublimate
                   Corrosive
                
                 is
                 dissolved
                 in
                 Lime-water
                 ,
                 the
                 water
                 presently
                 turns
                 yellow
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 seen
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Phagedenick
                   water
                
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 loses
                 so
                 
                 much
                 of
                 its
                 Corrosive
                 quality
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 given
                 inwardly
                 after
                 that
                 ,
                 without
                 fear
                 of
                 poisoning
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 reason
                 of
                 this
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 acid
                 points
                 strike
                 off
                 from
                 the
                 Sublimate
                 to
                 enter
                 into
                 the
                 alkali
                 of
                 Lime
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 more
                 porous
                 body
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Mercury
                 losing
                 some
                 of
                 its
                 most
                 keen
                 acids
                 ,
                 becomes
                 the
                 less
                 Corrosive
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 amiss
                 to
                 acquaint
                 you
                 here
                 ,
                 that
                 you
                 'l
                 often
                 meet
                 in
                 the
                 Shops
                 of
                 Druggists
                 with
                 a
                 
                   Sublimate
                   Corrosive
                
                 made
                 of
                 Arsenick
                 .
                 Now
                 to
                 know
                 the
                 truth
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 only
                 rub
                 it
                 with
                 a
                 little
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 it
                 turns
                 black
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 Arsenick
                 infallibly
                 in
                 it
                 ;
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 if
                 it
                 turns
                 yellow
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 good
                 .
              
               
                 Those
                 who
                 have
                 thought
                 fit
                 to
                 Criticize
                 upon
                 what
                 I
                 have
                 said
                 about
                 the
                 effects
                 of
                 Mercury
                 ,
                 would
                 methinks
                 have
                 spoken
                 more
                 to
                 the
                 purpose
                 than
                 they
                 have
                 done
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 objected
                 to
                 me
                 one
                 difficulty
                 that
                 I
                 have
                 made
                 my self
                 since
                 the
                 first
                 Edition
                 of
                 my
                 Book
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 has
                 seemed
                 to
                 me
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 greatest
                 that
                 can
                 be
                 made
                 on
                 this
                 subject
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 this
                 :
                 If
                 the
                 Mercury
                 that
                 is
                 given
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 raise
                 a
                 Flux
                 ,
                 does
                 joyn
                 with
                 the
                 acid
                 salt
                 of
                 our
                 humors
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 does
                 make
                 a
                 
                   Sublimate
                   Corrosive
                
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 as
                 it
                 does
                 in
                 the
                 Matrass
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 mixt
                 with
                 Salt
                 and
                 Vitriol
                 ;
                 this
                 Sublimate
                 of
                 the
                 body
                 cannot
                 be
                 well
                 made
                 ,
                 so
                 long
                 as
                 there
                 is
                 any
                 watry
                 humor
                 in
                 the
                 part
                 ,
                 wherein
                 the
                 Mercury
                 is
                 mixt
                 with
                 the
                 acids
                 ;
                 just
                 as
                 none
                 of
                 it
                 can
                 be
                 made
                 in
                 a
                 Matrass
                 ,
                 until
                 all
                 the
                 Phlegm
                 that
                 's
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 is
                 evaporated
                 away
                 .
                 Now
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 conceived
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 should
                 ever
                 happen
                 such
                 a
                 Desiccation
                 of
                 humours
                 to
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 Corroded
                 by
                 the
                 Mercury
                 so
                 
                 loaded
                 with
                 acids
                 ,
                 before
                 it
                 could
                 Sublime
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 answer
                 this
                 Objection
                 I
                 say
                 ,
                 That
                 although
                 I
                 have
                 made
                 a
                 comparison
                 between
                 the
                 Sublimation
                 of
                 Mercury
                 that
                 's
                 made
                 in
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 done
                 in
                 a
                 Matrass
                 ;
                 nevertheless
                 there
                 is
                 this
                 difference
                 between
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 first
                 is
                 not
                 only
                 made
                 with
                 Salts
                 extremely
                 volatile
                 ,
                 but
                 is
                 likewise
                 assisted
                 or
                 carried
                 on
                 by
                 the
                 motion
                 of
                 the
                 humours
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 humidity
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 head
                 ,
                 whereas
                 this
                 other
                 is
                 made
                 with
                 
                   fixt
                   salts
                
                 ,
                 whose
                 acidity
                 is
                 so
                 strongly
                 rooted
                 in
                 the
                 Earthy
                 part
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 cannot
                 be
                 separated
                 from
                 it
                 ,
                 without
                 a
                 very
                 considerable
                 fire
                 .
              
               
                 Nor
                 must
                 we
                 think
                 that
                 the
                 Mercury
                 in
                 the
                 body
                 is
                 loaded
                 with
                 as
                 many
                 and
                 as
                 strong
                 acids
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 Matrass
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 it
                 were
                 so
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 carry
                 destruction
                 ,
                 and
                 cause
                 a
                 Gangrene
                 ,
                 wheresoever
                 it
                 came
                 ;
                 but
                 it
                 is
                 enough
                 ,
                 that
                 its
                 Pores
                 are
                 in
                 part
                 impregnated
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 sufficient
                 to
                 diminish
                 a
                 little
                 of
                 its
                 volatility
                 ,
                 and
                 cause
                 those
                 prickings
                 and
                 pains
                 which
                 do
                 happen
                 during
                 the
                 Salivation
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 dissolve
                 
                   Sublimate
                   Corrosive
                
                 in
                 Water
                 ,
                 then
                 Filtrate
                 ,
                 and
                 separate
                 the
                 filtred
                 liquor
                 into
                 two
                 Viols
                 ,
                 and
                 cast
                 into
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 some
                 drops
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Oil
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 made
                 
                   per
                   deliquium
                
                 ,
                 you
                 'l
                 presently
                 have
                 a
                 
                   Red
                   Precipitate
                
                 ,
                 that
                 you
                 may
                 dry
                 and
                 use
                 .
                 Then
                 if
                 you
                 drop
                 into
                 the
                 other
                 Viol
                 the
                 volatile
                 Spirit
                 of
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 ,
                 you
                 'l
                 have
                 a
                 fine
                 
                   white
                   Precipitate
                
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 virtues
                 with
                 that
                 I
                 shall
                 describe
                 anon
                 .
              
               
                 Because
                 
                   Sublimate
                   Corrosive
                
                 is
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Poison
                 ,
                 I
                 have
                 thought
                 it
                 not
                 amiss
                 to
                 speak
                 here
                 of
                 the
                 Counterpoisons
                 that
                 may
                 be
                 given
                 to
                 such
                 persons
                 
                 who
                 by
                 misfortune
                 have
                 taken
                 it
                 .
                 But
                 lest
                 some
                 may
                 imagine
                 that
                 
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   Antidote
                
                 can
                 serve
                 for
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Poisons
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Mountebanks
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Sellers
                   of
                   Orvietan
                
                 do
                 pretend
                 ,
                 and
                 indeavour
                 to
                 perswade
                 ;
                 I
                 shall
                 say
                 something
                 of
                 Poisons
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 differences
                 .
              
               
                 Whatsoever
                 is
                 able
                 to
                 break
                 and
                 destroy
                 the
                 Oeconomy
                 of
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 orderly
                 connexion
                 or
                 derivation
                 of
                 humours
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 to
                 hinder
                 the
                 natural
                 course
                 of
                 the
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 is
                 really
                 a
                 Poison
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 may
                 be
                 taken
                 ,
                 or
                 received
                 two
                 ways
                 ;
                 the
                 one
                 outward
                 ,
                 as
                 when
                 the
                 Pestilence
                 and
                 many
                 other
                 Malignant
                 diseases
                 (
                 which
                 do
                 proceed
                 from
                 an
                 infected
                 air
                 )
                 do
                 seize
                 upon
                 a
                 man
                 ;
                 or
                 when
                 one
                 is
                 bit
                 or
                 stung
                 by
                 venemous
                 beasts
                 .
                 The
                 other
                 inward
                 ,
                 as
                 when
                 a
                 man
                 takes
                 
                   Arsenick
                   ,
                   Sublimate
                   ,
                   Hemlock
                   ,
                   Woolfsbane
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
              
               
                 The
                 same
                 Poison
                 does
                 not
                 kill
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Animals
                 ;
                 as
                 for
                 example
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Nux
                   Vomica
                
                 is
                 a
                 Poison
                 to
                 dogs
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 does
                 many
                 other
                 beasts
                 no
                 hurt
                 at
                 all
                 .
                 The
                 smoke
                 of
                 Tabaco
                 does
                 kill
                 Vipers
                 in
                 a
                 very
                 little
                 time
                 ,
                 although
                 there
                 is
                 hardly
                 a
                 creature
                 that
                 has
                 more
                 life
                 than
                 the
                 Viper
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 this
                 smoke
                 will
                 only
                 give
                 a
                 little
                 purging
                 to
                 other
                 creatures
                 .
                 The
                 water
                 in
                 which
                 Quicksilver
                 has
                 been
                 infused
                 will
                 kill
                 Worms
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 does
                 good
                 to
                 other
                 animals
                 .
                 Arsenick
                 soon
                 kills
                 a
                 man
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 other
                 creatures
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 will
                 only
                 purge
                 a
                 Wolf
                 ,
                 and
                 render
                 him
                 more
                 lively
                 than
                 he
                 was
                 before
                 .
              
               
                 All
                 these
                 different
                 effects
                 can
                 only
                 proceed
                 from
                 a
                 diversity
                 of
                 natures
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 difference
                 of
                 humors
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 able
                 to
                 tear
                 and
                 destroy
                 one
                 sort
                 ,
                 will
                 cause
                 only
                 a
                 light
                 Fermentation
                 in
                 others
                 .
              
               
               
                 We
                 must
                 consider
                 two
                 sorts
                 of
                 effects
                 in
                 Poisons
                 ;
                 the
                 one
                 does
                 coagulate
                 the
                 bloud
                 by
                 degrees
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Viper
                 ,
                 the
                 Tarantula
                 ,
                 Hemlock
                 ,
                 Wolfs-bane
                 ,
                 &c.
                 and
                 whereas
                 these
                 do
                 hinder
                 the
                 motion
                 of
                 the
                 Spirits
                 by
                 this
                 coagulation
                 ,
                 the
                 Animal
                 falls
                 into
                 Convulsions
                 ,
                 and
                 dies
                 soon
                 after
                 :
                 much
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 as
                 it
                 happens
                 when
                 some
                 acid
                 liquor
                 is
                 syringed
                 into
                 a
                 Vein
                 ,
                 or
                 Artery
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 others
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 Sublimate
                 ,
                 and
                 Arsenick
                 ,
                 do
                 tear
                 and
                 excoriate
                 the
                 viscera
                 by
                 their
                 pungent
                 Salts
                 ,
                 until
                 they
                 come
                 to
                 gangrene
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 they
                 dye
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Medicines
                 which
                 are
                 very
                 properly
                 given
                 to
                 obviate
                 the
                 accidents
                 caused
                 by
                 the
                 first
                 poisons
                 I
                 now
                 mentioned
                 ,
                 are
                 volatile
                 Salts
                 ,
                 Treacle
                 ,
                 Mithridate
                 ,
                 Orvietan
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 infinite
                 number
                 of
                 other
                 remedies
                 of
                 this
                 kind
                 .
                 Vipers
                 flesh
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 flesh
                 of
                 Scorpions
                 do
                 cure
                 the
                 poison
                 themselves
                 do
                 give
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 shall
                 shew
                 hereafter
                 ,
                 when
                 I
                 come
                 to
                 speak
                 of
                 the
                 Viper
                 .
                 And
                 hereupon
                 the
                 Reader
                 will
                 not
                 take
                 it
                 amiss
                 ,
                 if
                 I
                 give
                 him
                 a
                 short
                 story
                 that
                 is
                 very
                 pertinent
                 to
                 this
                 subject
                 .
              
               
                 One
                 day
                 I
                 put
                 two
                 living
                 Scorpions
                 into
                 a
                 glass-bottle
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 added
                 a
                 little
                 Mouse
                 to
                 their
                 company
                 .
                 Which
                 Mouse
                 runing
                 over
                 the
                 Scorpions
                 provoked
                 them
                 to
                 bite
                 her
                 till
                 she
                 cried
                 out
                 .
                 Half
                 a
                 quarter
                 of
                 an
                 hour
                 after
                 ,
                 I
                 saw
                 her
                 dye
                 of
                 Convulsions
                 .
                 Some
                 hours
                 after
                 this
                 ,
                 I
                 threw
                 in
                 another
                 Mouse
                 (
                 a
                 little
                 bigger
                 and
                 more
                 active
                 than
                 the
                 first
                 )
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 Scorpions
                 .
                 She
                 leapt
                 upon
                 the
                 Scorpions
                 as
                 the
                 other
                 had
                 done
                 before
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 bit
                 by
                 them
                 in
                 like
                 manner
                 ,
                 she
                 cried
                 aloud
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 so
                 provoked
                 to
                 revenge
                 her self
                 ,
                 that
                 she
                 eat
                 up
                 both
                 the
                 Scorpions
                 ,
                 leaving
                 only
                 the
                 head
                 and
                 
                 the
                 tail
                 .
                 I
                 would
                 needs
                 observe
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 this
                 Tragedy
                 ;
                 I
                 left
                 the
                 Mouse
                 in
                 the
                 bottle
                 ,
                 four
                 and
                 twenty
                 hours
                 ,
                 and
                 during
                 all
                 that
                 time
                 she
                 had
                 not
                 the
                 least
                 appearance
                 of
                 being
                 hurt
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 only
                 concerned
                 at
                 the
                 being
                 imprisoned
                 .
                 I
                 intended
                 to
                 have
                 dissected
                 her
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 see
                 whether
                 there
                 were
                 no
                 change
                 in
                 the
                 parts
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 the
                 blood
                 :
                 But
                 a
                 stander
                 by
                 hapning
                 to
                 take
                 up
                 the
                 bottle
                 too
                 carelesly
                 let
                 it
                 fall
                 ,
                 and
                 broke
                 it
                 ,
                 so
                 the
                 Mouse
                 escaped
                 .
                 Now
                 the
                 Volatile
                 salts
                 which
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 Scorpions
                 flesh
                 ,
                 might
                 be
                 said
                 by
                 their
                 active
                 power
                 to
                 hinder
                 the
                 coagulation
                 of
                 the
                 blood
                 ,
                 which
                 would
                 soon
                 have
                 ●een
                 in
                 the
                 veins
                 of
                 the
                 Mouse
                 ,
                 after
                 she
                 was
                 bit
                 ;
                 but
                 let
                 every
                 body
                 explicate
                 this
                 experiment
                 according
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 principles
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 resume
                 the
                 thread
                 of
                 my
                 discourse
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 remedies
                 which
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 given
                 to
                 obviate
                 the
                 effects
                 of
                 
                   Arsenick
                   ,
                   Sublimate
                
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 corrosive
                 poisons
                 are
                 of
                 a
                 contrary
                 nature
                 to
                 those
                 I
                 now
                 mentioned
                 ;
                 for
                 instead
                 of
                 agitating
                 the
                 mass
                 of
                 blood
                 ,
                 and
                 adding
                 new
                 heat
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 as
                 those
                 do
                 ,
                 these
                 must
                 calm
                 and
                 quiet
                 the
                 violent
                 agitation
                 of
                 humors
                 ,
                 and
                 sweeten
                 the
                 acrimony
                 of
                 its
                 salts
                 .
              
               
                 Therefore
                 you
                 must
                 ,
                 so
                 soon
                 as
                 you
                 can
                 ,
                 make
                 the
                 Patient
                 take
                 a
                 porringer
                 of
                 old
                 Oil
                 of
                 Olives
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 make
                 him
                 vomit
                 ;
                 fresh
                 butter
                 ,
                 fat
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 unctuous
                 things
                 will
                 very
                 properly
                 be
                 given
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 do
                 not
                 only
                 purge
                 away
                 the
                 poison
                 both
                 upwards
                 and
                 downwards
                 ,
                 but
                 likewise
                 (
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 thing
                 very
                 considerable
                 )
                 they
                 consisting
                 of
                 unctuous
                 slimy
                 parts
                 do
                 blunt
                 and
                 dull
                 the
                 edge
                 of
                 those
                 salts
                 which
                 remain
                 of
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 body
                 .
                 You
                 must
                 afterwards
                 make
                 him
                 drink
                 warm
                 
                 milk
                 ,
                 and
                 continue
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 it
                 several
                 days
                 ,
                 after
                 which
                 you
                 must
                 purge
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 effect
                 of
                 
                   Sublimate
                   Corrosive
                
                 is
                 much
                 quicker
                 than
                 that
                 of
                 Arsenick
                 ,
                 because
                 its
                 acids
                 being
                 presently
                 set
                 to
                 work
                 by
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 volatility
                 of
                 Mercury
                 ,
                 do
                 tear
                 and
                 cut
                 in
                 pieces
                 all
                 that
                 is
                 in
                 their
                 way
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 if
                 remedies
                 be
                 not
                 immediately
                 given
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 poison
                 is
                 taken
                 ,
                 the
                 person
                 is
                 in
                 a
                 most
                 deplorably
                 dangerous
                 condition
                 .
              
               
                 What
                 has
                 been
                 here
                 said
                 does
                 shew
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 exceeding
                 necessary
                 for
                 a
                 man
                 to
                 understand
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 the
                 poisons
                 which
                 are
                 taken
                 ,
                 before
                 he
                 presume
                 to
                 give
                 a
                 Counter-poison
                 ,
                 or
                 Antidote
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 a
                 box
                 of
                 Orvietan
                 must
                 not
                 be
                 esteemed
                 a
                 sure
                 Antidote
                 in
                 all
                 cases
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 hence
                 it
                 is
                 plain
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 the
                 Quacks
                 and
                 Mountebanks
                 ,
                 who
                 shew
                 upon
                 stages
                 ,
                 should
                 offer
                 to
                 take
                 Sublimate
                 ,
                 or
                 Arsenick
                 by
                 mouth
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 try
                 the
                 virtue
                 of
                 their
                 remedies
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 pretend
                 to
                 do
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 Mithridate
                 they
                 have
                 would
                 never
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 save
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 supposing
                 they
                 did
                 not
                 understand
                 their
                 Legerdemain
                 tricks
                 well
                 enough
                 ,
                 but
                 should
                 be
                 constrained
                 to
                 swallow
                 such
                 poisons
                 as
                 these
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 not
                 think
                 them
                 such
                 fools
                 as
                 to
                 keep
                 to
                 the
                 remedy
                 they
                 recommend
                 ,
                 which
                 would
                 be
                 sure
                 to
                 do
                 nothing
                 else
                 but
                 increase
                 their
                 misery
                 by
                 its
                 acrimonious
                 heat
                 .
                 They
                 would
                 have
                 recourse
                 to
                 the
                 Oil
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 fat
                 substances
                 ,
                 to
                 avoid
                 death
                 ,
                 which
                 otherwise
                 would
                 certainly
                 follow
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               Sweet
               Sublimate
               ,
               or
               
                 Mercurius
                 dulcis
              
               .
            
             
               
                 Sweet
                 Sublimate
              
               ,
               is
               a
               Mercury
               reduced
               to
               a
               white
               mass
               by
               some
               broken
               edges
               of
               acids
               .
            
             
               Powder
               sixteen
               ounces
               of
               
                 Sublimate
                 Corrosive
              
               in
               a
               marble
               or
               glass
               mortar
               ;
               mix
               with
               it
               by
               little
               and
               little
               twelve
               ounces
               of
               Mercury
               revived
               from
               Cinnabar
               :
               stir
               this
               mixture
               with
               a
               wooden
               Pestle
               ,
               until
               all
               the
               Quicksilver
               becomes
               imperceptible
               ;
               then
               put
               this
               gray
               powder
               into
               several
               Viols
               ,
               or
               into
               a
               Matrass
               whose
               two
               thirds
               do
               remain
               empty
               ;
               place
               your
               vessel
               in
               Sand
               ,
               and
               give
               but
               a
               little
               fire
               at
               first
               ,
               then
               augment
               it
               unto
               the
               third
               degree
               :
               continue
               it
               in
               this
               condition
               until
               your
               Sublimate
               is
               made
               ,
               which
               usually
               happens
               in
               four
               or
               five
               hours
               .
               Break
               your
               Viols
               ,
               and
               fling
               away
               a
               little
               light
               earth
               that
               's
               found
               at
               bottom
               :
               separate
               also
               that
               which
               sticks
               to
               the
               neck
               of
               the
               Viols
               ,
               or
               the
               Matrass
               ,
               and
               keep
               it
               for
               Unguents
               against
               the
               Itch
               ,
               but
               gather
               up
               carefully
               all
               that
               is
               in
               the
               middle
               ,
               which
               is
               very
               white
               ;
               and
               having
               powdered
               it
               ,
               resublime
               it
               in
               Viols
               or
               a
               Matrass
               as
               before
               ;
               separate
               once
               more
               the
               matter
               in
               the
               middle
               ,
               and
               resublime
               it
               in
               other
               Viols
               ,
               as
               before
               ,
               this
               third
               time
               ;
               lastly
               ,
               separate
               the
               terrestrious
               matter
               at
               the
               bottom
               ,
               and
               the
               Fuliginous
               that
               lies
               in
               the
               neck
               of
               the
               Viols
               ,
               and
               keep
               the
               Sublimate
               that
               is
               in
               the
               middle
               ,
               for
               it
               is
               sufficiently
               dulcified
               .
               It
               s
               use
               is
               for
               all
               sorts
               of
               Venereal
               diseases
               ,
               it
               opens
               obstructions
               ,
               and
               kills
               the
               Worms
               ,
               the
               Dose
               is
               from
               six
               unto
               thirty
               grains
               in
               Pills
               ;
               it
               purges
               gently
               by
               Stool
               .
            
             
               
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 must
                 observe
                 never
                 to
                 powder
                 
                   Sublimate
                   Corrosive
                
                 in
                 a
                 mortar
                 made
                 of
                 metal
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 would
                 corrode
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 carry
                 off
                 some
                 part
                 ,
                 which
                 would
                 spoil
                 the
                 operation
                 ;
                 glass
                 ,
                 marble
                 and
                 stone
                 mortars
                 are
                 more
                 convenient
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 can
                 communicate
                 no
                 ill
                 impression
                 to
                 the
                 matter
                 .
              
               
                 Many
                 have
                 written
                 that
                 we
                 should
                 use
                 equal
                 parts
                 of
                 Sublimate
                 and
                 Mercury
                 ,
                 but
                 they
                 did
                 not
                 consider
                 that
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 quantity
                 of
                 Mercury
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 here
                 used
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 when
                 the
                 Sublimate
                 hath
                 received
                 near
                 about
                 the
                 quantity
                 I
                 have
                 appointed
                 ,
                 the
                 rest
                 will
                 remain
                 unmixed
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 a
                 matrass
                 is
                 used
                 for
                 this
                 operation
                 ,
                 half
                 its
                 neck
                 must
                 be
                 cut
                 off
                 before-hand
                 ;
                 for
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 performed
                 in
                 common
                 matrasses
                 ,
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Fuliginous
                 matter
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 rise
                 high
                 enough
                 falls
                 down
                 again
                 on
                 the
                 Sublimate
                 ,
                 and
                 hinders
                 it
                 from
                 becoming
                 sweet
                 ,
                 because
                 this
                 Fuliginosity
                 contains
                 the
                 more
                 acrimonious
                 part
                 ,
                 whereas
                 it
                 will
                 easily
                 fly
                 out
                 of
                 Viols
                 ,
                 or
                 matrasses
                 with
                 a
                 short
                 neck
                 .
                 Two
                 thirds
                 of
                 each
                 vessel
                 must
                 remain
                 empty
                 ,
                 otherwise
                 the
                 Mercury
                 ,
                 which
                 rarefies
                 like
                 a
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 would
                 be
                 apt
                 to
                 break
                 them
                 .
                 That
                 which
                 sticks
                 to
                 the
                 neck
                 of
                 the
                 Viols
                 being
                 too
                 acrimonious
                 to
                 be
                 used
                 inwardly
                 may
                 serve
                 for
                 Ointments
                 against
                 the
                 Itch
                 and
                 Tettars
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Sweet
                   Sublimate
                
                 rises
                 more
                 easily
                 than
                 the
                 Corrosive
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 is
                 less
                 loaded
                 with
                 acids
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Sublimate
                 that
                 is
                 made
                 in
                 a
                 matrass
                 ,
                 loses
                 half
                 an
                 ounce
                 each
                 sublimation
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 an
                 ounce
                 
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 is
                 lost
                 in
                 three
                 times
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 operation
                 is
                 done
                 .
              
               
                 Six
                 drachms
                 of
                 Scories
                 and
                 light
                 earth
                 are
                 found
                 at
                 bottom
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 there
                 is
                 but
                 two
                 drachms
                 of
                 matter
                 carried
                 off
                 each
                 Sublimation
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 you
                 try
                 this
                 operation
                 in
                 Viols
                 ,
                 the
                 sublimate
                 loses
                 half
                 an
                 ounce
                 more
                 ,
                 as
                 having
                 a
                 larger
                 aperture
                 to
                 fly
                 out
                 at
                 ,
                 than
                 in
                 a
                 matrass
                 ,
                 or
                 long
                 neck
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 seems
                 a
                 little
                 strange
                 at
                 first
                 that
                 so
                 strong
                 a
                 Poyson
                 as
                 
                   Sublimate
                   Corrosive
                
                 should
                 be
                 reduced
                 into
                 so
                 mild
                 a
                 remedy
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 addition
                 of
                 nothing
                 but
                 Mercury
                 .
                 But
                 you
                 ought
                 to
                 wonder
                 no
                 longer
                 ,
                 when
                 you
                 consider
                 that
                 those
                 Spirits
                 which
                 caused
                 .
                 the
                 Corrosion
                 were
                 then
                 shut
                 up
                 in
                 a
                 strait
                 room
                 ,
                 but
                 being
                 now
                 divided
                 and
                 enlarging
                 their
                 quarters
                 ,
                 cannot
                 in
                 reason
                 act
                 with
                 such
                 force
                 ;
                 besides
                 that
                 by
                 the
                 repeated
                 action
                 of
                 fire
                 the
                 subtler
                 part
                 of
                 their
                 points
                 is
                 blunted
                 against
                 the
                 body
                 of
                 Mercury
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Purgative
                 quality
                 of
                 sweet
                 Sublimate
                 does
                 consist
                 in
                 the
                 acids
                 that
                 remain
                 ;
                 wherefore
                 if
                 you
                 should
                 sublime
                 it
                 twice
                 or
                 thrice
                 more
                 ,
                 the
                 Sublimate
                 would
                 not
                 be
                 at
                 all
                 Purgative
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 Sudorifick
                 .
                 And
                 it
                 is
                 then
                 more
                 proper
                 to
                 raise
                 a
                 Flux
                 with
                 than
                 it
                 was
                 before
                 ;
                 for
                 having
                 lost
                 those
                 salts
                 which
                 by
                 irritating
                 the
                 stomach
                 and
                 guts
                 did
                 render
                 it
                 Purgative
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 more
                 disposed
                 for
                 rarefaction
                 in
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 to
                 joyn
                 with
                 the
                 ferment
                 of
                 Venereal
                 Tumors
                 .
              
               
                 Mercury
                 prepared
                 any
                 way
                 whatsoever
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 taken
                 inwardly
                 no
                 other
                 way
                 than
                 in
                 Pills
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 no
                 means
                 in
                 potion
                 ,
                 for
                 fear
                 it
                 should
                 stick
                 in
                 the
                 Gums
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 spoil
                 and
                 loosen
                 the
                 Teeth
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               White
               Precipitate
               .
            
             
               
                 White
                 Precipitate
              
               is
               a
               Mercury
               dissolved
               by
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Niter
              
               ,
               and
               precipitated
               by
               salt
               ,
               into
               a
               white
               powder
               .
            
             
               Dissolve
               in
               a
               Glass-Cucurbite
               sixteen
               ounces
               of
               Mercury
               revived
               from
               Cinnabar
               with
               eighteen
               or
               twenty
               ounces
               of
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Niter
              
               :
               when
               the
               dissolution
               is
               made
               ,
               pour
               upon
               it
               salt-water
               filtrated
               ,
               made
               of
               ten
               ounces
               of
               sea-salt
               in
               two
               quarts
               of
               water
               ;
               add
               unto
               this
               about
               half
               an
               ounce
               of
               the
               volatile
               Spirit
               of
               Sal
               Armoniack
               ,
               there
               will
               Precipitate
               a
               very
               white
               powder
               ,
               that
               you
               must
               leave
               for
               a
               sufficient
               time
               to
               settle
               ;
               then
               having
               poured
               off
               the
               water
               by
               Inclination
               ,
               wash
               it
               several
               times
               with
               Fountain
               water
               ,
               and
               dry
               it
               in
               the
               shade
               .
               It
               is
               used
               to
               raise
               a
               Flux
               with
               ,
               the
               Dose
               is
               from
               four
               to
               fifteen
               grains
               in
               Pills
               .
               It
               is
               also
               used
               in
               Pomatums
               for
               Tettars
               and
               the
               Itch
               ,
               from
               half
               a
               drachm
               to
               two
               drachms
               ,
               for
               an
               ounce
               of
               Pomatum
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 Although
                 I
                 do
                 recommend
                 eighteen
                 or
                 twenty
                 ounces
                 of
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 for
                 the
                 solution
                 of
                 sixteen
                 ounces
                 of
                 Mercury
                 ,
                 yet
                 you
                 must
                 know
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 very
                 necessary
                 to
                 keep
                 too
                 strictly
                 to
                 this
                 same
                 quantity
                 .
                 You
                 may
                 use
                 either
                 a
                 little
                 more
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 little
                 less
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 strength
                 of
                 the
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 or
                 according
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 more
                 or
                 less
                 dephlegmated
                 .
                 I
                 my self
                 do
                 commonly
                 use
                 but
                 an
                 
                 equal
                 weight
                 of
                 it
                 with
                 the
                 Quick-silver
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 I
                 do
                 use
                 is
                 exactly
                 dephlegmated
                 .
                 You
                 might
                 likewise
                 use
                 
                   Aqua
                   fortis
                
                 instead
                 of
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Dose
                 of
                 
                   white
                   Precipitate
                
                 must
                 be
                 less
                 than
                 that
                 of
                 sweet
                 Sublimate
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 retains
                 more
                 acid
                 Spirits
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 you
                 would
                 Sublime
                 this
                 Precipitate
                 alone
                 in
                 a
                 matrass
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 gradual
                 fire
                 ,
                 you
                 'd
                 obtain
                 a
                 Sublimate
                 as
                 sweet
                 as
                 the
                 other
                 ;
                 because
                 the
                 fire
                 having
                 acted
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 breaks
                 most
                 of
                 its
                 points
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 given
                 in
                 as
                 great
                 a
                 Dose
                 as
                 ordinary
                 
                   Mercurius
                   Dulcis
                
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 desire
                 to
                 make
                 this
                 Precipitate
                 exceeding
                 white
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 dissolve
                 the
                 Mercury
                 in
                 a
                 vessel
                 whose
                 mouth
                 is
                 very
                 large
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 the
                 red
                 vapour
                 of
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 may
                 sly
                 out
                 the
                 more
                 easily
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 dissolution
                 is
                 made
                 without
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 fire
                 ,
                 the
                 Precipitate
                 is
                 the
                 whiter
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Precipitation
                 of
                 Mercury
                 may
                 be
                 made
                 with
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Salt
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 the
                 salt
                 in
                 substance
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 easily
                 made
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 of
                 Bismuth
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 pores
                 of
                 Mercury
                 being
                 smaller
                 than
                 those
                 of
                 Bismuth
                 ,
                 do
                 retain
                 with
                 more
                 force
                 the
                 acids
                 which
                 are
                 fixt
                 into
                 it
                 .
                 Moreover
                 Quick-silver
                 being
                 of
                 a
                 volatile
                 nature
                 does
                 remain
                 suspended
                 in
                 the
                 liquor
                 more
                 easily
                 than
                 Bismuth
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 body
                 altogether
                 fixt
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 may
                 well
                 seem
                 strange
                 that
                 an
                 acid
                 salt
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 sea-salt
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 precipitate
                 that
                 which
                 the
                 acidity
                 of
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 had
                 dissolved
                 .
                 To
                 resolve
                 this
                 difficulty
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 know
                 that
                 ,
                 though
                 our
                 Senses
                 tell
                 us
                 that
                 acids
                 do
                 all
                 perform
                 the
                 same
                 effect
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 to
                 prick
                 and
                 to
                 pierce
                 ,
                 yet
                 nevertheless
                 they
                 all
                 do
                 differ
                 in
                 the
                 figure
                 of
                 their
                 
                 points
                 ;
                 for
                 according
                 as
                 they
                 have
                 received
                 more
                 or
                 less
                 fermentation
                 ,
                 they
                 have
                 also
                 consequently
                 their
                 points
                 more
                 subtile
                 ,
                 sharp
                 ,
                 and
                 light
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 is
                 attested
                 not
                 only
                 by
                 taste
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 sight
                 also
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 you
                 should
                 Crystallize
                 the
                 same
                 body
                 ,
                 by
                 dissolving
                 several
                 parts
                 of
                 it
                 in
                 several
                 vessels
                 by
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Salt
                 ,
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 ,
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 ,
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Alom
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 Vinegar
                 ,
                 you
                 'l
                 observe
                 so
                 many
                 kinds
                 of
                 Crystals
                 different
                 in
                 figure
                 ,
                 as
                 there
                 were
                 different
                 dissolutions
                 .
                 The
                 Crystals
                 made
                 by
                 Vinegar
                 will
                 be
                 more
                 sharp
                 than
                 those
                 prepared
                 by
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 ;
                 those
                 made
                 by
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 will
                 be
                 sharper
                 than
                 those
                 by
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 ;
                 those
                 made
                 by
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 will
                 be
                 sharper
                 than
                 those
                 by
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Alom
                 ;
                 but
                 of
                 all
                 these
                 Crystals
                 none
                 will
                 be
                 found
                 to
                 have
                 grosser
                 parts
                 than
                 those
                 prepared
                 by
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Salt
                 ;
                 for
                 these
                 Crystals
                 do
                 all
                 retain
                 the
                 figure
                 of
                 their
                 constituent
                 parts
                 .
                 This
                 now
                 being
                 supposed
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 an
                 easie
                 matter
                 to
                 explicate
                 our
                 Precipitation
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 salt
                 or
                 its
                 spirit
                 containing
                 points
                 more
                 gross
                 or
                 less
                 delicate
                 than
                 those
                 of
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 ,
                 and
                 falling
                 on
                 this
                 dissolution
                 ,
                 do
                 move
                 ,
                 jostle
                 ,
                 and
                 easily
                 break
                 the
                 points
                 impregnated
                 with
                 the
                 body
                 of
                 Mercury
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 do
                 make
                 them
                 let
                 go
                 their
                 hold
                 ,
                 whence
                 it
                 comes
                 that
                 Mercury
                 precipitates
                 by
                 its
                 own
                 weight
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 same
                 Principle
                 may
                 serve
                 to
                 explicate
                 ,
                 why
                 Lead
                 dissolved
                 in
                 Vinegar
                 precipitates
                 by
                 means
                 of
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 ,
                 or
                 Salt.
                 
              
               
                 You
                 must
                 observe
                 not
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 water
                 too
                 salt
                 ,
                 for
                 then
                 the
                 great
                 quantity
                 of
                 salt
                 would
                 hinder
                 the
                 Mercury
                 from
                 precipitating
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 Volatile
                 Spirit
                 of
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 containing
                 an
                 alkali
                 salt
                 ,
                 does
                 much
                 help
                 the
                 Precipitation
                 ,
                 for
                 its
                 agility
                 carries
                 it
                 into
                 every
                 recess
                 of
                 the
                 liquor
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 sea-salt
                 ,
                 whose
                 parts
                 are
                 not
                 of
                 so
                 active
                 a
                 nature
                 ,
                 was
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 go
                 :
                 which
                 is
                 proved
                 from
                 hence
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 you
                 use
                 only
                 sea-salt
                 dissolved
                 in
                 water
                 to
                 make
                 this
                 Precipitation
                 with
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 then
                 happen
                 that
                 if
                 after
                 pouring
                 off
                 the
                 clear
                 liquor
                 ,
                 which
                 swims
                 upon
                 the
                 Precipitate
                 ,
                 into
                 another
                 vessel
                 ,
                 you
                 drop
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 into
                 the
                 liquor
                 ,
                 there
                 falls
                 a
                 considerable
                 quantity
                 of
                 
                   Mercurial
                   Precipitate
                
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 serve
                 like
                 the
                 other
                 .
                 If
                 instead
                 of
                 the
                 volatile
                 Spirit
                 of
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 you
                 'd
                 use
                 the
                 
                   Oil
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 made
                 
                   per
                   Deliquium
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Pricipitate
                 would
                 then
                 be
                 reddish
                 .
              
               
                 Two
                 objections
                 have
                 been
                 made
                 against
                 my
                 manner
                 of
                 explicating
                 the
                 Precipitation
                 ,
                 of
                 such
                 matters
                 as
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 had
                 dissolved
                 ,
                 made
                 by
                 Sea-Salt
                 .
              
               
                 First
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 proper
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 jostles
                 and
                 encounter
                 of
                 salt-water
                 with
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 loaded
                 with
                 bodies
                 which
                 it
                 had
                 dissolved
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 cause
                 of
                 its
                 precipitation
                 ;
                 whenas
                 the
                 most
                 violent
                 jogs
                 that
                 can
                 be
                 given
                 to
                 the
                 solution
                 ,
                 either
                 from
                 an
                 arm
                 ,
                 or
                 with
                 matters
                 much
                 more
                 heavy
                 and
                 solid
                 than
                 sea-salt
                 ,
                 are
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 cause
                 the
                 precipitation
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Objection
                 will
                 raise
                 no
                 difficulty
                 to
                 any
                 that
                 are
                 a
                 little
                 skill'd
                 in
                 Natural
                 Philosophy
                 :
                 for
                 although
                 I
                 have
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 reason
                 the
                 edges
                 of
                 sea-salt
                 are
                 grosser
                 than
                 those
                 of
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 ,
                 the
                 sea-salt
                 does
                 precipitate
                 what
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 had
                 dissolved
                 and
                 suspended
                 ;
                 I
                 never
                 meant
                 that
                 
                 if
                 these
                 edges
                 were
                 as
                 big
                 as
                 a
                 mans
                 arm
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 do
                 it
                 the
                 better
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 sufficiently
                 known
                 that
                 there
                 must
                 be
                 a
                 proportionable
                 subtilty
                 of
                 parts
                 between
                 the
                 dissolvent
                 and
                 that
                 which
                 does
                 precipitate
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 edges
                 of
                 an
                 acid
                 must
                 be
                 otherwise
                 treated
                 than
                 with
                 a
                 cuff
                 of
                 the
                 fist
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 make
                 them
                 let
                 go
                 their
                 hold
                 .
                 But
                 I
                 intended
                 to
                 make
                 it
                 appear
                 that
                 if
                 sea-salt
                 does
                 jog
                 and
                 shake
                 the
                 edges
                 of
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 ,
                 it
                 does
                 it
                 by
                 dividing
                 into
                 very
                 minute
                 parts
                 ,
                 and
                 thereby
                 entring
                 into
                 the
                 pores
                 of
                 the
                 phlegm
                 ,
                 which
                 in
                 would
                 not
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 do
                 if
                 these
                 parts
                 were
                 as
                 big
                 as
                 a
                 mans
                 arm
                 ,
                 or
                 were
                 like
                 the
                 solid
                 heavy
                 matters
                 now
                 spoken
                 of
                 .
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 grossness
                 of
                 the
                 edges
                 of
                 sea-salt
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 shock
                 they
                 give
                 ,
                 did
                 make
                 the
                 precipitation
                 of
                 substances
                 dissolved
                 by
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 ,
                 we
                 should
                 expect
                 afterwards
                 to
                 find
                 the
                 first
                 ,
                 with
                 its
                 gross
                 edges
                 separated
                 from
                 those
                 of
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 ;
                 whereas
                 upon
                 evaporating
                 and
                 crystallizing
                 the
                 liquor
                 ,
                 their
                 edges
                 are
                 indeed
                 reciprocally
                 confounded
                 the
                 one
                 with
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 making
                 together
                 a
                 new
                 body
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 answer
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 shock
                 and
                 jostle
                 which
                 the
                 edges
                 of
                 sea-salt
                 do
                 give
                 to
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 ,
                 when
                 loaded
                 with
                 some
                 bodies
                 ,
                 does
                 not
                 hinder
                 the
                 edges
                 of
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 remaining
                 after
                 the
                 precipitation
                 ,
                 from
                 uniting
                 with
                 the
                 sea-salt
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 union
                 the
                 Crystals
                 do
                 become
                 confused
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 shall
                 here
                 add
                 one
                 preparation
                 more
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 very
                 proper
                 to
                 raise
                 a
                 Salivation
                 with
                 .
              
               
                 Take
                 an
                 ounce
                 of
                 the
                 solution
                 of
                 Mercury
                 made
                 in
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 ,
                 put
                 it
                 into
                 a
                 glass-vessel
                 ,
                 and
                 pour
                 upon
                 it
                 three
                 or
                 four
                 and
                 twenty
                 ounces
                 of
                 
                 water
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 liquor
                 will
                 turn
                 white
                 ,
                 let
                 it
                 settle
                 until
                 it
                 becomes
                 clear
                 ,
                 filtrate
                 the
                 liquor
                 ,
                 and
                 keep
                 it
                 for
                 use
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 water
                 may
                 be
                 given
                 from
                 half
                 an
                 ounce
                 to
                 an
                 ounce
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 glass
                 of
                 Ptisan
                 ,
                 or
                 broth
                 .
                 It
                 vomits
                 gently
                 ,
                 and
                 provokes
                 a
                 Salivation
                 ;
                 some
                 do
                 drink
                 half
                 an
                 ounce
                 of
                 it
                 to
                 cure
                 the
                 itch
                 ,
                 but
                 they
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 purged
                 and
                 bled
                 before-hand
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Red
               Precipitate
               .
            
             
               This
               preparation
               is
               a
               Mercury
               impregnated
               with
               Spirit
               of
               Niter
               ,
               and
               calcined
               by
               fire
               .
            
             
               Take
               eight
               ounces
               of
               Mercury
               revived
               from
               Cinnabar
               ,
               dissolve
               it
               in
               a
               sufficient
               quantity
               of
               Spirit
               of
               Niter
               ,
               which
               is
               eight
               or
               nine
               ounces
               ;
               pour
               the
               dissolution
               into
               a
               Viol
               ,
               or
               Matrass
               with
               a
               short
               neck
               ,
               set
               it
               in
               Sand
               ,
               and
               evaporate
               all
               the
               moisture
               with
               a
               gentle
               heat
               ,
               until
               there
               remains
               a
               white
               Mass
               ;
               then
               quicken
               the
               fire
               by
               little
               and
               little
               to
               the
               third
               degree
               ,
               and
               keep
               it
               in
               this
               condition
               till
               all
               your
               matter
               is
               turned
               red
               ,
               then
               take
               it
               off
               the
               fire
               ,
               let
               the
               Viol
               cool
               ,
               and
               break
               it
               to
               obtain
               your
               Precipitate
               ,
               which
               weighs
               nine
               ounces
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               a
               good
               Escharotick
               ,
               it
               eats
               proud
               flesh
               ;
               it
               is
               used
               for
               the
               laying
               open
               of
               Chancres
               ,
               mixt
               with
               burnt
               Alom
               ,
               AEgyptiacum
               ,
               and
               the
               common
               Suppurative
               .
               Some
               do
               give
               it
               inwardly
               to
               four
               grains
               for
               to
               raise
               a
               Flux
               with
               ,
               but
               this
               is
               dangerous
               ,
               unless
               rectified
               Spirit
               of
               Wine
               be
               burnt
               two
               or
               three
               times
               upon
               it
               .
            
             
               
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Preparation
                 is
                 improperly
                 called
                 Precipitate
                 ,
                 here
                 being
                 no
                 Precipitation
                 at
                 all
                 .
              
               
                 Many
                 Authors
                 have
                 thought
                 they
                 could
                 much
                 encrease
                 the
                 redness
                 of
                 this
                 Precipitate
                 ,
                 by
                 Cohobating
                 it
                 ,
                 or
                 distilling
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 three
                 times
                 upon
                 the
                 white
                 mass
                 ;
                 but
                 I
                 have
                 found
                 by
                 experience
                 both
                 ways
                 ,
                 that
                 these
                 Circumstances
                 are
                 of
                 no
                 use
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 white
                 Mass
                 which
                 remains
                 after
                 Evaporation
                 of
                 the
                 humidity
                 is
                 a
                 mixture
                 of
                 Mercury
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 acid
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 weighs
                 three
                 ounces
                 more
                 than
                 the
                 Mercury
                 did
                 which
                 was
                 dissolved
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 extreme
                 Corrosive
                 ,
                 and
                 fiery
                 ,
                 if
                 applied
                 to
                 the
                 flesh
                 ,
                 but
                 according
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 Calcined
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 make
                 it
                 red
                 ,
                 the
                 edges
                 of
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 which
                 caused
                 the
                 Corrosion
                 do
                 strike
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 fly
                 into
                 the
                 Air
                 ;
                 whence
                 it
                 comes
                 to
                 pass
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 more
                 we
                 desire
                 to
                 encrease
                 its
                 redness
                 by
                 Calcination
                 ,
                 the
                 less
                 it
                 weighs
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 less
                 it
                 corrodes
                 .
                 Some
                 Chirurgeons
                 observing
                 this
                 effect
                 do
                 choose
                 the
                 Precipitate
                 that
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 red
                 as
                 usual
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 would
                 make
                 an
                 Eschar
                 quickly
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 still
                 continue
                 the
                 fire
                 some
                 hours
                 under
                 the
                 red
                 mass
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 sublime
                 ,
                 and
                 still
                 retain
                 its
                 colour
                 ;
                 this
                 sublimate
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 Corrosive
                 as
                 the
                 other
                 ;
                 which
                 makes
                 me
                 think
                 that
                 the
                 points
                 of
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Salt
                 are
                 necessary
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 sublimate
                 very
                 Corrosive
                 .
                 The
                 reason
                 why
                 it
                 sublimes
                 ,
                 is
                 because
                 the
                 Mercury
                 being
                 delivered
                 from
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 acid
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 which
                 did
                 fix
                 it
                 ,
                 has
                 power
                 to
                 
                 rise
                 with
                 those
                 that
                 remain
                 .
                 But
                 because
                 these
                 remaining
                 Spirits
                 do
                 moderate
                 a
                 little
                 its
                 volatility
                 ,
                 it
                 makes
                 a
                 stop
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 the
                 Viol.
                 
              
               
                 Some
                 do
                 put
                 red
                 Precipitate
                 into
                 an
                 Earthen
                 Pot
                 ,
                 and
                 pour
                 upon
                 it
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Wine
                 well
                 rectified
                 ,
                 then
                 fire
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 the
                 Spirit
                 is
                 consumed
                 ,
                 they
                 add
                 more
                 ,
                 and
                 burn
                 it
                 as
                 before
                 ;
                 they
                 repeat
                 the
                 adding
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Wine
                 ,
                 and
                 burning
                 it
                 six
                 times
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 call
                 this
                 Preparation
                 
                   Arcanum
                   Corallinum
                
                 .
                 The
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Wine
                 by
                 burning
                 does
                 carry
                 off
                 some
                 edges
                 of
                 the
                 Precipitate
                 ,
                 and
                 joyns
                 it self
                 to
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 this
                 Precipitate
                 is
                 sweetned
                 and
                 rendred
                 fit
                 to
                 be
                 taken
                 inwardly
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 curiosity
                 you
                 pour
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 upon
                 common
                 red
                 Precipitate
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 described
                 ,
                 a
                 dissolution
                 will
                 soon
                 follow
                 ,
                 because
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 joyning
                 with
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 that
                 remained
                 in
                 the
                 Precipitate
                 ,
                 an
                 
                   Aqua
                   fortis
                
                 must
                 happen
                 from
                 their
                 union
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 able
                 to
                 dissolve
                 imperceptibly
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 Mercury
                 ;
                 but
                 this
                 dissolution
                 will
                 happen
                 without
                 any
                 Ebullition
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Mercury
                 has
                 been
                 already
                 rarified
                 by
                 an
                 acid
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 does
                 only
                 dissolve
                 them
                 without
                 making
                 any
                 commotion
                 .
                 The
                 solution
                 is
                 clear
                 like
                 other
                 solutions
                 of
                 Mercury
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 appearance
                 of
                 redness
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 Preparations
                 may
                 be
                 made
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 are
                 used
                 to
                 be
                 by
                 the
                 solution
                 of
                 Quicksilver
                 in
                 
                   Aqua
                   fortis
                
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 instead
                 of
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 you
                 pour
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Salt
                 upon
                 the
                 red
                 Precipitate
                 ,
                 it
                 turns
                 presently
                 into
                 a
                 curious
                 white
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Salt
                 does
                 break
                 the
                 force
                 of
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 that
                 was
                 in
                 the
                 red
                 Precipitate
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 thing
                 must
                 happen
                 here
                 as
                 does
                 when
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Salt
                 is
                 poured
                 upon
                 
                 the
                 solution
                 of
                 Quicksilver
                 ;
                 for
                 although
                 red
                 Precipitate
                 be
                 a
                 dry
                 body
                 ,
                 yet
                 it
                 is
                 nothing
                 else
                 but
                 a
                 mixture
                 of
                 Quicksilver
                 ,
                 and
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 have
                 given
                 the
                 reason
                 why
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Salt
                 comes
                 to
                 weaken
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 ,
                 in
                 my
                 Remarks
                 upon
                 white
                 Precipitate
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 sudden
                 change
                 of
                 colour
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 indeed
                 somewhat
                 strange
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 matter
                 which
                 is
                 grown
                 red
                 by
                 Calcination
                 ,
                 should
                 in
                 a
                 minutes
                 time
                 turn
                 so
                 exceeding
                 white
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Effect
                 can
                 be
                 attributed
                 only
                 to
                 the
                 dislocation
                 which
                 the
                 acid
                 spirit
                 of
                 Salt
                 does
                 cause
                 in
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 red
                 Precipitate
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 the
                 disposition
                 it
                 puts
                 them
                 anew
                 into
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 their
                 Superficies
                 is
                 put
                 into
                 a
                 capacity
                 of
                 reflecting
                 the
                 light
                 in
                 a
                 right
                 line
                 to
                 our
                 eyes
                 ,
                 to
                 give
                 the
                 appearance
                 of
                 a
                 white
                 colour
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 by
                 means
                 of
                 another
                 sort
                 of
                 liquor
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 by
                 fire
                 and
                 some
                 alkali
                 body
                 ,
                 the
                 disposition
                 of
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 your
                 Precipitate
                 is
                 again
                 changed
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 obtain
                 some
                 other
                 colour
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 it
                 will
                 return
                 and
                 revive
                 into
                 Quicksilver
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 pour
                 the
                 volatile
                 spirit
                 of
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 upon
                 red
                 Precipitate
                 ,
                 it
                 turns
                 into
                 a
                 grey
                 powder
                 ,
                 but
                 if
                 you
                 throw
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 water
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 it
                 becomes
                 a
                 milk
                 ,
                 though
                 none
                 of
                 the
                 whitest
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 thing
                 happens
                 ,
                 when
                 you
                 drop
                 Spirit
                 of
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 into
                 the
                 solution
                 of
                 Quicksilver
                 made
                 with
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 ;
                 for
                 soon
                 after
                 the
                 effervescency
                 is
                 over
                 ,
                 a
                 grey
                 powder
                 is
                 seen
                 to
                 Precipitate
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 you
                 add
                 to
                 it
                 water
                 ,
                 it
                 becomes
                 a
                 milk
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 whiteness
                 as
                 the
                 other
                 .
              
               
                 Common
                 red
                 Precipitate
                 then
                 is
                 subject
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 alterations
                 as
                 the
                 solution
                 of
                 Mercury
                 ,
                 the
                 red
                 colour
                 giving
                 no
                 particular
                 impression
                 to
                 it
                 ;
                 
                 which
                 truly
                 is
                 a
                 good
                 proof
                 that
                 colour
                 is
                 no
                 real
                 thing
                 ,
                 but
                 wholly
                 depends
                 upon
                 the
                 modification
                 of
                 parts
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Turbith
               Mineral
               ,
               or
               Yellow
               Precipitate
               .
            
             
               This
               Preparation
               is
               a
               Mercury
               impregnated
               with
               the
               acidity
               of
               Oil
               of
               Vitriol
               .
            
             
               Put
               four
               ounces
               of
               Quick-silver
               revived
               from
               Cinnabar
               into
               a
               glass
               Retort
               ,
               and
               pour
               upon
               it
               sixteen
               ounces
               of
               Oil
               of
               Vitriol
               ;
               set
               your
               Retort
               in
               Sand
               ,
               and
               when
               the
               Mercury
               is
               dissolved
               put
               fire
               underneath
               ,
               and
               distil
               the
               humidity
               ;
               make
               the
               fire
               strong
               enough
               toward
               the
               end
               ,
               for
               to
               drive
               out
               some
               of
               the
               last
               Spirits
               of
               all
               ;
               afterwards
               break
               your
               Retort
               ,
               and
               powder
               in
               a
               glass
               Mortar
               a
               white
               Mass
               you
               find
               within
               it
               ,
               which
               weighs
               five
               ounces
               and
               a
               half
               ;
               pour
               warm
               water
               upon
               it
               ,
               and
               the
               matter
               will
               presently
               change
               into
               a
               yellow
               powder
               ,
               which
               you
               must
               dulcifie
               by
               a
               great
               many
               repeated
               Lotions
               ,
               then
               dry
               it
               in
               the
               shade
               ,
               you
               'l
               have
               three
               ounces
               and
               two
               drachms
               of
               it
               .
               It
               purges
               strongly
               ,
               both
               by
               vomit
               and
               stool
               ,
               it
               is
               given
               in
               Venereal
               maladies
               ,
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               two
               grains
               unto
               six
               in
               Pills
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 Though
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 improperly
                 called
                 Oil
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 ,
                 be
                 the
                 strongest
                 and
                 most
                 Caustick
                 acid
                 of
                 this
                 Mineral
                 Salt
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 nevertheless
                 much
                 weaker
                 than
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 requires
                 a
                 
                 greater
                 quantity
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 longer
                 time
                 to
                 dissolve
                 the
                 Mercury
                 in
                 ,
                 for
                 there
                 's
                 much
                 a-do
                 to
                 dispatch
                 the
                 solution
                 in
                 ten
                 hours
                 .
                 That
                 which
                 is
                 distilled
                 is
                 exceeding
                 weak
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Mercury
                 retains
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 acid
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 are
                 the
                 things
                 that
                 purge
                 so
                 strongly
                 although
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 be
                 carried
                 off
                 by
                 the
                 Lotions
                 .
              
               
                 All
                 these
                 Preparations
                 are
                 nothing
                 but
                 so
                 many
                 different
                 shapes
                 of
                 Mercury
                 made
                 by
                 acid
                 Spirits
                 which
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 different
                 adhesions
                 ,
                 do
                 cause
                 such
                 different
                 effects
                 .
              
               
                 All
                 these
                 Precipitates
                 and
                 Sublimates
                 may
                 be
                 revived
                 again
                 into
                 flowing
                 Mercury
                 ,
                 by
                 mixing
                 them
                 with
                 Lime
                 ,
                 and
                 distilling
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 said
                 i●
                 the
                 reviving
                 of
                 Cinnabar
                 into
                 Quick-silver
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 alkali
                 of
                 Lime
                 destroys
                 those
                 acids
                 tha●
                 disguised
                 the
                 Quick-silver
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Oil
               or
               Liquor
               of
               Mercury
               .
            
             
               This
               preparation
               is
               an
               acid
               liquor
               loaded
               with
               Mercury
               .
            
             
               Put
               the
               lotions
               of
               the
               white
               mass
               ,
               that
               
                 Turbi●●
                 Mineral
              
               was
               made
               of
               ,
               into
               an
               earthen
               pan
               ,
               o●
               glass
               vessel
               ,
               evaporate
               in
               Sand
               all
               the
               liquor
               ,
               until
               there
               remains
               at
               bottom
               a
               matter
               in
               form
               o●
               salt
               ,
               which
               weighs
               two
               ounces
               and
               a
               drachm
               ,
               pu●
               the
               pan
               in
               a
               cellar
               ,
               or
               other
               cool
               place
               ,
               and
               then
               leave
               it
               until
               this
               matter
               be
               almost
               all
               dissolve●
               into
               liquor
               .
               It
               is
               used
               for
               the
               laying
               open
               Venereal
               Shancres
               ,
               and
               eating
               the
               flesh
               ,
               Pledgets
               being
               dipt
               into
               it
               .
            
             
               
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 liquor
                 is
                 nothing
                 but
                 Mercury
                 so
                 penetrated
                 and
                 divided
                 by
                 the
                 acid
                 Spirits
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 can
                 dissolve
                 like
                 a
                 Salt
                 :
                 now
                 for
                 that
                 it
                 contains
                 these
                 corrosive
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 it
                 eats
                 and
                 corrodes
                 where-ever
                 it
                 touches
                 ,
                 like
                 unto
                 a
                 Sublimate
                 Corrosive
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 liquor
                 may
                 be
                 made
                 with
                 spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 more
                 violent
                 in
                 its
                 Operation
                 ,
                 but
                 because
                 it
                 would
                 then
                 pierce
                 too
                 much
                 ,
                 and
                 cause
                 dangerous
                 accidents
                 ,
                 I
                 would
                 rather
                 choose
                 to
                 prepare
                 it
                 with
                 Oil
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 drop
                 a
                 few
                 drops
                 of
                 the
                 Oil
                 of
                 Tartar
                 made
                 
                   per
                   Deliquium
                
                 into
                 this
                 liquor
                 ,
                 there
                 will
                 fall
                 immediately
                 a
                 Mercurial
                 Precipitate
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 alkali
                 of
                 Tartar
                 will
                 break
                 the
                 edges
                 that
                 held
                 up
                 the
                 Mercury
                 dissolved
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Another
               Oil
               of
               Mercury
               .
            
             
               This
               preparation
               is
               a
               
                 Sublimate
                 Corrosive
              
               dissolved
               in
               spirit
               of
               Wine
               .
            
             
               Powder
               well
               an
               ounce
               of
               
                 Sublimate
                 Corrosive
              
               ,
               and
               put
               it
               into
               a
               Bolthead
               ,
               pour
               upon
               it
               four
               ounces
               of
               Spirit
               of
               Wine
               well
               rectified
               upon
               salt
               of
               Tartar
               ,
               stop
               well
               your
               Bolthead
               ,
               and
               let
               it
               infuse
               cold
               ,
               six
               or
               seven
               hours
               ,
               the
               Sublimate
               will
               dissolve
               ;
               but
               if
               any
               sediment
               remains
               at
               bottom
               ,
               decant
               the
               liquor
               from
               it
               ,
               and
               pouring
               upon
               the
               sediment
               a
               little
               more
               Spirit
               of
               Wine
               ,
               infuse
               it
               
               as
               before
               ,
               to
               finish
               the
               solution
               ,
               mix
               your
               solutions
               ,
               and
               keep
               them
               in
               a
               Viol
               well
               stopt
               .
            
             
               This
               is
               an
               Oil
               of
               Mercury
               milder
               than
               the
               former
               ,
               it
               is
               good
               in
               Venereal
               Shancres
               ,
               especially
               when
               there
               is
               any
               fear
               of
               a
               Gangrene
               ,
               you
               may
               use
               it
               with
               pledgets
               like
               the
               former
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Wine
                 well
                 rectified
                 can
                 dissolve
                 sublimate
                 corrosive
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 dissolve
                 Quick-silver
                 ,
                 nor
                 even
                 
                   Mercurius
                   dulcis
                
                 ;
                 the
                 reason
                 of
                 which
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Sublimate
                 being
                 a
                 Mercury
                 extremely
                 rarified
                 ,
                 and
                 already
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 suspended
                 by
                 acids
                 ,
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Wine
                 insinuates
                 into
                 it
                 by
                 little
                 and
                 little
                 ,
                 and
                 dissolves
                 its
                 parts
                 ;
                 but
                 Quick-silver
                 and
                 
                   Mercurius
                   dulcis
                
                 ,
                 consisting
                 of
                 parts
                 too
                 close
                 and
                 compact
                 ,
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Wine
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 rarified
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 cannot
                 give
                 shakes
                 strong
                 enough
                 to
                 disjoyn
                 or
                 separate
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 liquor
                 is
                 milder
                 than
                 the
                 former
                 ,
                 because
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Wine
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 does
                 so
                 blunt
                 the
                 acid
                 edges
                 of
                 Sublimate
                 Corrosive
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 cannot
                 act
                 with
                 that
                 strength
                 they
                 did
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 at
                 liberty
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Other
               Precipitates
               of
               Mercury
               .
            
             
               These
               preparations
               are
               only
               Sublimate
               Corrosive
               dissolved
               and
               precipitated
               into
               powders
               of
               different
               colours
               .
            
             
             
               Mix
               7
               or
               8
               ounces
               of
               
                 Sublimate
                 Corrosive
              
               powdered
               ,
               in
               a
               glass
               or
               marble
               Mortar
               with
               16
               or
               18
               ounces
               of
               warm
               water
               ,
               stir
               them
               about
               for
               half
               an
               hour
               ,
               then
               let
               the
               liquor
               settle
               ,
               and
               pour
               it
               off
               by
               Inclination
               ,
               filter
               it
               ,
               and
               divide
               it
               into
               three
               parts
               to
               be
               put
               into
               so
               many
               Viols
               .
            
             
               Pour
               into
               one
               of
               these
               Viols
               some
               drops
               of
               the
               Oil
               of
               Tartar
               made
               
                 per
                 Deliquium
              
               ,
               there
               falls
               immediately
               a
               red
               Precipitate
               .
            
             
               Drop
               into
               another
               of
               these
               Viols
               some
               volatile
               spirit
               of
               
                 Sal
                 Armoniack
              
               ,
               and
               you
               have
               a
               white
               Precipitate
               .
            
             
               Pour
               into
               the
               last
               of
               these
               Viols
               about
               a
               spoonful
               of
               Lime-water
               ,
               you
               have
               a
               yellow
               water
               that
               is
               called
               Phagaedenick-water
               ,
               or
               a
               water
               for
               Ulcers
               ,
               because
               it
               is
               good
               to
               cleanse
               and
               heal
               Ulcers
               ,
               the
               Chirurgeons
               do
               frequently
               use
               it
               ,
               especially
               in
               Hospitals
               ;
               if
               you
               let
               the
               liquor
               settle
               ,
               it
               will
               let
               fall
               a
               yellow
               precipitate
               .
            
             
               To
               obtain
               these
               three
               Precipitates
               ,
               you
               have
               only
               to
               pour
               off
               the
               clear
               water
               by
               Inclination
               ,
               wash
               them
               ,
               and
               dry
               them
               apart
               .
            
             
               Red
               precipitate
               may
               be
               used
               like
               that
               I
               described
               before
               ,
               but
               it
               is
               not
               so
               strong
               ;
               it
               is
               the
               truest
               red
               precipitate
               of
               any
               .
            
             
               The
               white
               precipitate
               has
               the
               same
               virtues
               as
               the
               other
               .
            
             
               Yellow
               precipitate
               may
               be
               used
               in
               Pomatums
               for
               the
               Itch
               ,
               half
               a
               drachm
               or
               a
               drachm
               of
               it
               is
               to
               be
               mixed
               with
               an
               ounce
               of
               Pomatum
               .
            
             
               The
               Sublimate
               which
               remains
               at
               the
               bottom
               of
               the
               Mortar
               ,
               being
               dried
               may
               be
               used
               in
               Pomatums
               for
               the
               Itch
               ,
               like
               yellow
               precipitate
               .
            
             
               
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 Sublimate
                 being
                 a
                 Mercury
                 loaded
                 with
                 acids
                 ,
                 common
                 water
                 is
                 able
                 to
                 dissolve
                 some
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 because
                 these
                 acids
                 do
                 rarefie
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 salt
                 of
                 it
                 ;
                 but
                 because
                 there
                 are
                 not
                 acids
                 enough
                 in
                 it
                 to
                 dissolve
                 all
                 the
                 Mercury
                 ,
                 the
                 most
                 compact
                 part
                 of
                 it
                 remains
                 at
                 bottom
                 ,
                 the
                 liquor
                 is
                 filtrated
                 to
                 clear
                 and
                 purifie
                 it
                 the
                 more
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 as
                 clear
                 and
                 transparent
                 as
                 Fountain
                 water
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 Curiosity
                 ,
                 you
                 should
                 drop
                 into
                 the
                 Viol
                 of
                 red
                 precipitate
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 now
                 described
                 ,
                 some
                 spirit
                 of
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 shake
                 the
                 liquor
                 a
                 little
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 presently
                 turn
                 white
                 ,
                 and
                 your
                 precipitate
                 would
                 be
                 white
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 instead
                 of
                 spirit
                 of
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 you
                 would
                 use
                 spirit
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 ,
                 an
                 Ebullition
                 would
                 rise
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 red
                 liquor
                 would
                 become
                 clear
                 and
                 transparent
                 as
                 common
                 water
                 .
              
               
                 Because
                 the
                 Oil
                 of
                 Tartar
                 is
                 an
                 alkali
                 salt
                 dissolved
                 ,
                 it
                 breaks
                 the
                 edges
                 of
                 the
                 acid
                 which
                 held
                 up
                 the
                 Mercury
                 imperceptible
                 ,
                 and
                 serv'd
                 as
                 Finns
                 to
                 make
                 it
                 swim
                 in
                 the
                 water
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 this
                 Mercury
                 having
                 nothing
                 left
                 to
                 bear
                 it
                 up
                 ,
                 must
                 needs
                 precipitate
                 by
                 its
                 own
                 weight
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 thing
                 happens
                 when
                 spirit
                 of
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 is
                 thrown
                 upon
                 the
                 other
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 solution
                 of
                 
                   sublimate
                   Corrosive
                
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 spirit
                 being
                 in
                 like
                 manner
                 an
                 alkali
                 ,
                 produces
                 the
                 same
                 effect
                 as
                 the
                 Oil
                 of
                 Tartar.
                 
              
               
                 But
                 although
                 alkali's
                 do
                 all
                 agree
                 in
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 break
                 and
                 destroy
                 acids
                 ,
                 nevertheless
                 there
                 is
                 always
                 some
                 difference
                 in
                 their
                 action
                 .
              
               
               
                 And
                 this
                 evidently
                 appears
                 in
                 those
                 differently
                 coloured
                 precipitates
                 ,
                 for
                 this
                 diversity
                 can
                 be
                 attributed
                 only
                 to
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 having
                 in
                 several
                 manners
                 wrought
                 upon
                 acids
                 ,
                 do
                 dispose
                 and
                 modifie
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 precipitated
                 body
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 capable
                 of
                 making
                 different
                 Refractions
                 of
                 Light.
                 
              
               
                 These
                 precipitates
                 are
                 no
                 longer
                 poisons
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 come
                 from
                 
                   sublimate
                   Corrosive
                
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 's
                 the
                 same
                 reason
                 for
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 there
                 is
                 for
                 the
                 precipitations
                 ;
                 for
                 seeing
                 that
                 which
                 gave
                 the
                 Corrosion
                 was
                 an
                 acid
                 ,
                 when
                 this
                 acid
                 is
                 destroyed
                 by
                 such
                 powerful
                 alkali's
                 as
                 are
                 spirit
                 of
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Oil
                 of
                 Tartar
                 ,
                 that
                 which
                 remains
                 must
                 become
                 sweet
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 spirit
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 is
                 thrown
                 upon
                 the
                 liquor
                 of
                 red
                 precipitate
                 ,
                 there
                 rises
                 an
                 Ebullition
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 acid
                 does
                 penetrate
                 the
                 alkali
                 salt
                 of
                 the
                 Oil
                 of
                 Tartar
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 alkali
                 being
                 destroyed
                 ,
                 the
                 acid
                 dissolves
                 what
                 was
                 precipitated
                 before
                 ,
                 whence
                 it
                 comes
                 that
                 the
                 liquor
                 clears
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 turns
                 into
                 poison
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 before
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 would
                 again
                 pour
                 Oil
                 of
                 Tartar
                 ,
                 then
                 spirit
                 of
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 there
                 would
                 happen
                 new
                 red
                 and
                 white
                 precipitates
                 ,
                 which
                 might
                 again
                 be
                 dissolved
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 liquor
                 made
                 clear
                 again
                 ,
                 by
                 adding
                 to
                 it
                 more
                 spirit
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 a
                 greater
                 quantity
                 of
                 this
                 Spirit
                 must
                 be
                 used
                 than
                 was
                 before
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             IX
             .
             
               Of
               Antimony
            
             .
          
           
             ANtimony
             is
             a
             Mineral
             consisting
             of
             a
             Sulphur
             like
             unto
             common
             Sulphur
             ,
             and
             of
             a
             substance
             near
             approaching
             to
             Metallick
             :
             it
             is
             called
             Stibium
             in
             Latin.
             It
             is
             found
             in
             many
             places
             in
             
               Transylvania
               ,
               Hungaria
               ,
               France
               ,
               Germany
               .
            
             Sometimes
             you
             may
             meet
             with
             some
             of
             the
             mineral
             Antimony
             at
             the
             Druggists
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             just
             as
             it
             is
             taken
             out
             of
             the
             Mines
             ,
             but
             that
             which
             is
             commonly
             brought
             among
             us
             hath
             been
             melted
             ,
             and
             moulded
             into
             cakes
             of
             a
             Pyramidal
             form
             .
          
           
             You
             must
             chuse
             that
             which
             is
             in
             long
             shining
             needles
             ,
             and
             not
             expect
             to
             find
             it
             of
             a
             reddish
             colour
             ,
             as
             many
             Authors
             do
             advise
             ;
             for
             in
             a
             hundred
             weight
             of
             this
             Mineral
             ,
             you
             'l
             hardly
             find
             one
             piece
             of
             this
             kind
             .
             The
             occasion
             of
             this
             error
             came
             from
             the
             Alchymists
             ,
             who
             thought
             that
             Antimony
             did
             contain
             a
             Sulphur
             like
             unto
             that
             of
             Gold
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             reddish
             sort
             had
             more
             of
             it
             than
             the
             black
             ;
             but
             this
             pretended
             Sulphur
             is
             as
             imaginary
             as
             that
             of
             gold
             .
             This
             reddish
             colour
             does
             doubtless
             proceed
             either
             from
             the
             heat
             of
             the
             Sun
             coming
             to
             it
             ,
             or
             from
             a
             participation
             of
             the
             subterranean
             heat
             ,
             bestowed
             more
             on
             such
             pieces
             ,
             than
             the
             rest
             ;
             for
             when
             the
             Sulphur
             of
             Antimony
             is
             rarefied
             ,
             it
             assumes
             a
             red
             colour
             ,
             as
             may
             be
             seen
             in
             the
             operation
             ,
             called
             
               Golden
               sulphur
               of
               Antimony
            
             .
          
           
           
             Antimony
             will
             not
             dissolve
             ,
             but
             with
             
               Aqua
               Regalis
            
             ,
             which
             has
             made
             a
             great
             many
             Alchymists
             think
             ,
             that
             this
             Mineral
             was
             an
             imperfect
             Gold.
             
          
           
             Although
             nothing
             but
             a
             metallick
             substance
             mixt
             with
             Sulphur
             can
             be
             perceived
             in
             the
             analyzing
             of
             Antimony
             ;
             nevertheless
             considering
             its
             Figure
             ,
             somewhat
             like
             that
             of
             salt-peter
             ,
             and
             its
             Emetick
             quality
             ,
             which
             can
             proceed
             from
             nothing
             but
             a
             punction
             made
             in
             the
             stomach
             ,
             there
             is
             reason
             to
             think
             that
             it
             contains
             an
             acid
             salt
             ;
             but
             because
             the
             edges
             of
             this
             salt
             are
             sheathed
             in
             a
             great
             deal
             of
             Sulphur
             ,
             it
             cannot
             exert
             its
             activity
             ,
             without
             opening
             a
             way
             for
             it
             ,
             either
             by
             salts
             which
             divide
             the
             Sulphur
             ,
             or
             by
             Calcination
             which
             carries
             off
             its
             grosser
             part
             .
             Notwithstanding
             it
             is
             not
             to
             be
             understood
             that
             the
             Emetick
             faculty
             of
             Antimony
             does
             consist
             in
             this
             salt
             alone
             ;
             for
             if
             it
             were
             alone
             ,
             it
             would
             no
             more
             produce
             this
             effect
             than
             other
             acid
             salts
             do
             ,
             but
             it
             is
             assisted
             by
             the
             Sulphur
             ,
             which
             serves
             for
             a
             Vehicle
             to
             exalt
             it
             towards
             the
             upper
             Orifice
             of
             the
             stomach
             .
             Thus
             Antimony
             may
             be
             said
             to
             vomit
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             Saline
             sulphur
             it
             contains
             .
          
           
             
               Crude
               Antimony
            
             is
             used
             in
             Sudorifick
             decoctions
             ,
             when
             we
             would
             dissipate
             a
             tumor
             by
             Transpiration
             ;
             but
             great
             care
             must
             be
             had
             that
             no
             acid
             may
             enter
             into
             the
             Decoction
             ,
             for
             then
             it
             would
             open
             its
             body
             ,
             and
             render
             it
             Emetick
             .
             It
             is
             dangerous
             also
             to
             take
             it
             in
             substance
             ,
             because
             it
             may
             be
             apt
             to
             meet
             with
             an
             acid
             in
             the
             stomach
             that
             would
             open
             its
             body
             ,
             and
             thereby
             cause
             a
             great
             vomiting
             to
             follow
             .
          
           
             The
             reason
             that
             
               Crude
               Antimony
            
             causes
             sweat
             ,
             is
             because
             of
             some
             Sulphureous
             Particles
             that
             separate
             
             from
             the
             Antimony
             ,
             which
             not
             being
             strong
             enough
             to
             make
             one
             vomit
             ,
             do
             therefore
             work
             by
             transpiration
             .
          
           
             
               Common
               Regulus
               of
               Antimony
               .
            
             
               This
               preparation
               is
               an
               Antimony
               rendred
               more
               heavy
               ,
               and
               more
               metallick
               by
               the
               separation
               that
               is
               made
               of
               its
               grosser
               Sulphurs
               .
            
             
               Take
               sixteen
               ounces
               of
               Antimony
               ,
               twelve
               ounces
               of
               crude
               Tartar
               ,
               and
               six
               ounces
               of
               Salt-peter
               purified
               ;
               powder
               them
               and
               mix
               them
               well
               together
               ,
               then
               heat
               a
               large
               Crucible
               red-hot
               ,
               throw
               into
               it
               a
               spoonful
               of
               your
               mixture
               ,
               and
               cover
               it
               with
               a
               Tile
               until
               the
               detonation
               is
               over
               ,
               continue
               to
               throw
               into
               the
               Crucible
               spoonfuls
               of
               this
               mixture
               one
               after
               another
               ,
               until
               all
               of
               it
               is
               spent
               ;
               then
               light
               a
               great
               fire
               about
               it
               ,
               and
               when
               the
               matter
               hath
               been
               some
               time
               in
               Fusion
               ,
               pour
               it
               into
               a
               Mortar
               ,
               or
               an
               Iron
               mould
               greased
               with
               suet
               and
               heated
               ,
               then
               strike
               the
               sides
               of
               the
               said
               mould
               or
               mortar
               with
               tongs
               to
               make
               the
               Regulus
               precipitate
               to
               the
               bottom
               ;
               when
               it
               is
               cold
               ,
               separate
               it
               from
               the
               dross
               that
               remains
               on
               the
               top
               of
               it
               with
               a
               hammer
               ,
               and
               after
               you
               have
               powdered
               it
               ,
               melt
               it
               in
               another
               Crucible
               ,
               then
               throw
               into
               it
               a
               little
               Salt-peter
               ,
               there
               will
               rise
               some
               little
               flame
               from
               it
               ,
               then
               pour
               out
               the
               matter
               into
               the
               iron
               mortar
               well
               cleansed
               and
               greased
               ,
               let
               it
               cool
               ,
               and
               you
               have
               four
               ounces
               and
               a
               half
               of
               Regulus
               .
            
             
               If
               you
               melt
               it
               over
               again
               ,
               and
               form
               it
               into
               balls
               of
               the
               bigness
               of
               a
               Pill
               ,
               you
               have
               a
               
                 perpetual
                 Pill
              
               ,
               that
               is
               to
               say
               ,
               such
               as
               being
               taken
               and
               voided
               fifty
               
               times
               will
               purge
               every
               time
               ,
               and
               yet
               there
               's
               hardly
               any
               sensible
               diminution
               .
            
             
               This
               Regulus
               is
               melted
               in
               a
               Crucible
               ,
               and
               then
               cast
               into
               moulds
               to
               make
               Cups
               and
               Gobelets
               .
               But
               it
               is
               somewhat
               hard
               to
               do
               it
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               a
               sharpness
               in
               the
               Regulus
               that
               hinders
               its
               parts
               from
               uniting
               so
               as
               to
               spread
               well
               .
               If
               you
               put
               White-wine
               into
               these
               Cups
               or
               Gobelets
               ,
               it
               becomes
               Vomitive
               ,
               like
               the
               
                 Vinum
                 Emeticum
              
               I
               shall
               speak
               of
               anon
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 name
                 Regulus
                 signifies
                 Royal
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 given
                 to
                 the
                 most
                 fixt
                 and
                 hardest
                 matters
                 of
                 many
                 minerals
                 and
                 metals
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Preparation
                 is
                 made
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 open
                 the
                 Antimony
                 ,
                 and
                 purifie
                 it
                 from
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 gross
                 Sulphur
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 impregnated
                 with
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 this
                 end
                 it
                 is
                 Calcined
                 with
                 Tartar
                 and
                 Salt-peter
                 ,
                 which
                 do
                 easily
                 flame
                 ,
                 and
                 carry
                 off
                 with
                 them
                 good
                 store
                 of
                 this
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 the
                 rest
                 remains
                 in
                 the
                 Faeces
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 shall
                 shew
                 in
                 the
                 following
                 Operation
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 mixture
                 is
                 cast
                 into
                 the
                 Crucible
                 by
                 little
                 and
                 little
                 ,
                 for
                 fear
                 least
                 if
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 put
                 in
                 all
                 at
                 a
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 detonation
                 growing
                 too
                 violent
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 matter
                 rarefying
                 too
                 much
                 ,
                 it
                 might
                 rise
                 over
                 the
                 Crucible
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 must
                 not
                 grease
                 the
                 Iron
                 Mortar
                 with
                 Oil
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 a
                 little
                 humidity
                 that
                 it
                 contains
                 ,
                 which
                 would
                 make
                 the
                 matter
                 rise
                 and
                 tumble
                 out
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 greased
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 that
                 the
                 matter
                 not
                 sticking
                 to
                 the
                 mortar
                 may
                 separate
                 from
                 it
                 the
                 more
                 easily
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 Regulus
                 is
                 melted
                 again
                 ,
                 and
                 Salt-peter
                 thrown
                 into
                 it
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 ,
                 that
                 some
                 little
                 superficial
                 sulphur
                 ,
                 which
                 remained
                 of
                 the
                 dross
                 ,
                 may
                 fly
                 away
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Regulus
                 may
                 remain
                 the
                 purer
                 .
              
               
                 Fifteen
                 ounces
                 of
                 dross
                 will
                 be
                 found
                 to
                 four
                 ounces
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 of
                 Regulus
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 was
                 used
                 four
                 and
                 thirty
                 ounces
                 of
                 mixture
                 in
                 this
                 operation
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 there
                 loses
                 fourteen
                 ounces
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 during
                 the
                 time
                 it
                 is
                 on
                 the
                 fire
                 .
              
               
                 Although
                 good
                 store
                 of
                 the
                 Antimonial
                 Sulphurs
                 do
                 exhale
                 ,
                 the
                 Regulus
                 is
                 notwithstanding
                 still
                 loaded
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 they
                 which
                 chiefly
                 give
                 it
                 its
                 Vomitive
                 virtue
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Vomiting
                 doth
                 proceed
                 from
                 a
                 very
                 quick
                 motion
                 that
                 these
                 Sulphurs
                 do
                 give
                 to
                 the
                 stomach
                 ,
                 by
                 pricking
                 its
                 Fibres
                 with
                 some
                 salts
                 that
                 they
                 carry
                 along
                 with
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 mix
                 this
                 Emetick
                 with
                 an
                 Infusion
                 of
                 Senna
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 such
                 purgative
                 ,
                 it
                 works
                 as
                 much
                 by
                 stool
                 as
                 by
                 vomit
                 ,
                 because
                 these
                 Remedies
                 do
                 precipitate
                 with
                 them
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Sulphurs
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 a
                 man
                 swallows
                 the
                 
                   Perpetual
                   Pill
                
                 ,
                 it
                 passes
                 by
                 its
                 own
                 weight
                 ,
                 and
                 purges
                 downwards
                 :
                 it
                 is
                 washt
                 and
                 given
                 again
                 as
                 before
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 on
                 perpetually
                 .
              
               
                 Almost
                 all
                 Chymists
                 have
                 written
                 that
                 this
                 Pill
                 loses
                 nothing
                 at
                 all
                 of
                 its
                 weight
                 ,
                 though
                 taken
                 several
                 times
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 true
                 indeed
                 the
                 diminution
                 is
                 but
                 very
                 small
                 ,
                 yet
                 nevertheless
                 it
                 would
                 not
                 be
                 hard
                 to
                 remark
                 it
                 in
                 some
                 measure
                 .
                 It
                 may
                 be
                 said
                 also
                 that
                 in
                 place
                 of
                 the
                 Sulphureous
                 parts
                 which
                 do
                 exhale
                 to
                 cause
                 the
                 vomiting
                 ,
                 some
                 extraneous
                 bodies
                 do
                 succeed
                 in
                 their
                 place
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 happens
                 when
                 Antimony
                 is
                 Calcined
                 in
                 the
                 Sun.
                 
              
               
               
                 When
                 this
                 Pill
                 hath
                 been
                 taken
                 and
                 voided
                 twenty
                 or
                 thirty
                 times
                 ,
                 it
                 purges
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 it
                 did
                 at
                 first
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 because
                 the
                 more
                 soluble
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Sulphur
                 are
                 gone
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 what
                 remains
                 doth
                 pass
                 without
                 any
                 great
                 effect
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 doth
                 happen
                 to
                 Cups
                 or
                 Gobelets
                 ,
                 which
                 can't
                 make
                 the
                 wine
                 so
                 Emetick
                 as
                 before
                 ,
                 after
                 they
                 have
                 been
                 filled
                 twenty
                 or
                 thirty
                 times
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 do
                 prescribe
                 the
                 
                   Perpetual
                   Pill
                
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 disease
                 called
                 Miserere
                 ,
                 but
                 this
                 practice
                 is
                 not
                 without
                 danger
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 ball
                 stopping
                 sometime
                 in
                 the
                 Intestines
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 knotted
                 or
                 twisted
                 together
                 in
                 this
                 disease
                 ,
                 may
                 cause
                 an
                 Inflammation
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 exulcerate
                 the
                 part
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 given
                 in
                 the
                 Colick
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 it
                 does
                 well
                 .
              
               
                 Wine
                 draws
                 out
                 the
                 Emetick
                 virtue
                 of
                 the
                 Regulus
                 much
                 better
                 than
                 water
                 or
                 spirit
                 of
                 Wine
                 ,
                 or
                 vinegar
                 can
                 do
                 ;
                 the
                 reason
                 of
                 which
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 virtue
                 does
                 consist
                 in
                 a
                 saline
                 sulphur
                 which
                 water
                 could
                 not
                 penetrate
                 ;
                 spirit
                 of
                 Wine
                 indeed
                 does
                 dissolve
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 more
                 sulphureous
                 part
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 but
                 does
                 not
                 take
                 enough
                 of
                 the
                 salt
                 ;
                 the
                 vinegar
                 by
                 its
                 acidity
                 does
                 fix
                 too
                 much
                 what
                 it
                 has
                 dissolved
                 ;
                 but
                 Wine
                 contains
                 a
                 sulphureous
                 spirit
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 saline
                 Tartar
                 ,
                 which
                 do
                 make
                 a
                 most
                 convenient
                 Menstruum
                 to
                 dissolve
                 and
                 to
                 preserve
                 the
                 saline
                 and
                 sulphureous
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 prepared
                 Antimony
                 .
              
               
                 Upon
                 considering
                 the
                 different
                 ways
                 of
                 evacuation
                 caused
                 by
                 Antimony
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 other
                 Medicins
                 ,
                 I
                 do
                 find
                 it
                 very
                 probable
                 ,
                 that
                 Emeticks
                 do
                 work
                 as
                 they
                 do
                 ,
                 because
                 their
                 operation
                 being
                 quick
                 is
                 exerted
                 in
                 the
                 stomach
                 ,
                 before
                 the
                 medicin
                 had
                 time
                 to
                 descend
                 more
                 downwards
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 then
                 this
                 viscus
                 is
                 very
                 sensible
                 when
                 irritated
                 ,
                 and
                 undergoes
                 commotions
                 sufficiently
                 violent
                 to
                 make
                 rise
                 what
                 is
                 within
                 it
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 the
                 medicin
                 proves
                 slow
                 in
                 its
                 operation
                 ,
                 and
                 descends
                 into
                 the
                 gutts
                 before
                 it
                 raises
                 a
                 purgative
                 fermentation
                 ,
                 it
                 then
                 forces
                 downwards
                 ,
                 whence
                 it
                 comes
                 to
                 pass
                 that
                 those
                 who
                 do
                 not
                 vomit
                 upon
                 taking
                 emeticks
                 ,
                 are
                 commonly
                 purged
                 by
                 stool
                 .
              
               
                 Thus
                 Vomits
                 and
                 Purges
                 do
                 differ
                 only
                 in
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 first
                 do
                 work
                 in
                 the
                 stomach
                 ,
                 the
                 others
                 in
                 the
                 gutts
                 .
              
               
                 Oil
                 ,
                 and
                 lukewarm
                 water
                 do
                 vomit
                 ,
                 by
                 relaxing
                 the
                 fibres
                 of
                 the
                 stomach
                 ,
                 and
                 changing
                 the
                 motion
                 of
                 the
                 spirits
                 which
                 do
                 then
                 act
                 only
                 by
                 shaking
                 ,
                 or
                 turning
                 the
                 stomach
                 to
                 a
                 discharge
                 upwards
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 curiosity
                 you
                 would
                 Calcine
                 four
                 ounces
                 of
                 the
                 Regulus
                 of
                 Antimony
                 powdered
                 ,
                 in
                 an
                 earthen
                 cup
                 unglazed
                 ,
                 set
                 in
                 a
                 small
                 fire
                 ,
                 stirring
                 it
                 all
                 the
                 while
                 with
                 a
                 Spatule
                 ,
                 there
                 will
                 rise
                 up
                 a
                 vapour
                 for
                 an
                 hour
                 and
                 a
                 halfs
                 time
                 ,
                 or
                 there-abouts
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 the
                 matter
                 fumes
                 no
                 longer
                 ,
                 it
                 turns
                 into
                 a
                 grey
                 powder
                 ,
                 that
                 weighs
                 two
                 drachms
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 more
                 than
                 the
                 Regulus
                 did
                 at
                 first
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 augmentation
                 of
                 quantity
                 is
                 the
                 stranger
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 the
                 fume
                 which
                 ascended
                 from
                 it
                 during
                 the
                 Calcination
                 ,
                 should
                 seem
                 rather
                 to
                 have
                 diminished
                 its
                 weight
                 .
                 It
                 must
                 be
                 therefore
                 granted
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 fiery
                 particles
                 have
                 entred
                 into
                 it
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 room
                 of
                 that
                 which
                 fum'd
                 away
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Fume
                 proceeds
                 from
                 some
                 grosser
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 that
                 remained
                 in
                 the
                 Regulus
                 ,
                 and
                 indeed
                 it
                 smells
                 strong
                 of
                 the
                 sulphur
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               Golden
               Sulphur
               of
               Antimony
               .
            
             
               This
               preparation
               is
               the
               sulphureous
               part
               of
               Antimony
               dissolved
               by
               Alkali
               salts
               ,
               and
               precipitated
               by
               an
               acid
               .
            
             
               Take
               the
               dross
               of
               the
               Regulus
               of
               Antimony
               ,
               powder
               and
               boil
               them
               with
               common
               water
               in
               an
               earthen
               pot
               half
               an
               hour
               ;
               strain
               the
               liquor
               ,
               and
               pour
               vinegar
               into
               the
               expression
               ,
               there
               will
               precipitate
               a
               red
               powder
               ;
               filtrate
               and
               separate
               your
               precipitate
               ,
               dry
               it
               and
               keep
               it
               ,
               you
               will
               obtain
               twelve
               ounces
               ,
               and
               two
               drachms
               of
               it
               ,
               it
               is
               called
               the
               Golden
               Sulphur
               of
               Antimony
               ,
               and
               is
               an
               Emetick
               :
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               two
               grains
               unto
               six
               in
               broth
               or
               in
               Pills
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 must
                 put
                 about
                 sixteen
                 pints
                 of
                 water
                 to
                 boil
                 with
                 the
                 fifteen
                 ounces
                 of
                 the
                 dross
                 of
                 Regulus
                 of
                 Antimony
                 ,
                 though
                 the
                 liquor
                 does
                 coagulate
                 like
                 a
                 Jelly
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 cold
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 salts
                 and
                 sulphurs
                 joyning
                 together
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 dross
                 of
                 the
                 Regulus
                 is
                 nothing
                 but
                 a
                 mixture
                 of
                 the
                 fixt
                 parts
                 of
                 Salt-peter
                 ,
                 and
                 Tartar
                 ,
                 that
                 have
                 retained
                 with
                 them
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 more
                 impure
                 Sulphur
                 of
                 Antimony
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 seeing
                 that
                 these
                 salts
                 do
                 become
                 Alkali
                 by
                 means
                 of
                 Calcination
                 ,
                 the
                 acid
                 which
                 is
                 poured
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 does
                 break
                 or
                 destroy
                 their
                 strength
                 ,
                 and
                 makes
                 them
                 quit
                 the
                 sulphur
                 which
                 they
                 held
                 
                 dissolved
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 the
                 precipitation
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Golden
                   Sulphur
                   of
                   Antimony
                
                 does
                 proceed
                 .
              
               
                 So
                 soon
                 as
                 vinegar
                 is
                 poured
                 on
                 the
                 dissolution
                 of
                 the
                 dross
                 ,
                 volatile
                 sulphurs
                 do
                 arise
                 which
                 are
                 very
                 disagreeable
                 to
                 the
                 smell
                 ;
                 the
                 precipitate
                 which
                 is
                 afterwards
                 made
                 ,
                 is
                 like
                 to
                 a
                 Coagulum
                 or
                 curd
                 ,
                 in
                 great
                 quantity
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Sulphur
                 does
                 operate
                 much
                 like
                 to
                 the
                 
                   Crocus
                   metallorum
                
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 I
                 shall
                 soon
                 speak
                 .
                 The
                 Chymists
                 have
                 called
                 it
                 
                   Golden
                   sulphur
                
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 its
                 colour
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 near
                 like
                 unto
                 that
                 of
                 Gold
                 ;
                 but
                 it
                 is
                 probable
                 that
                 the
                 Antients
                 did
                 understand
                 by
                 the
                 
                   Golden
                   Sulphur
                   of
                   Antimony
                
                 ,
                 some
                 other
                 sulphur
                 than
                 this
                 ,
                 because
                 almost
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 have
                 writ
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 gross
                 superficial
                 sulphur
                 in
                 Antimony
                 ,
                 like
                 unto
                 common
                 sulphur
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 this
                 of
                 which
                 our
                 present
                 preparation
                 is
                 made
                 ,
                 and
                 another
                 more
                 fixt
                 ,
                 and
                 like
                 unto
                 that
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 held
                 to
                 be
                 Sudorifick
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 must
                 not
                 imagine
                 that
                 our
                 Golden
                 Vomitive
                 Sulphur
                 is
                 altogether
                 Pure
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 still
                 loaded
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 earth
                 and
                 salt
                 ,
                 which
                 it
                 has
                 still
                 retained
                 in
                 the
                 precipitation
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 this
                 salt
                 which
                 by
                 rarefying
                 its
                 parts
                 does
                 give
                 it
                 this
                 colour
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Regulus
               of
               Antimony
               with
               Mars
               .
            
             
               This
               preparation
               is
               a
               mixture
               of
               the
               more
               fixed
               parts
               of
               Antimony
               ,
               and
               some
               portion
               of
               Iron
               .
            
             
               Put
               eight
               ounces
               of
               small
               Nails
               into
               a
               great
               Crucible
               ,
               cover
               it
               ,
               and
               set
               it
               on
               a
               grate
               in
               a
               Furnace
               ;
               surround
               it
               above
               and
               below
               with
               a
               good
               fire
               ,
               and
               
               when
               the
               Nails
               are
               red
               hot
               ,
               throw
               into
               them
               a
               pound
               of
               Antimony
               in
               powder
               ;
               cover
               again
               the
               Crucible
               ,
               and
               continue
               a
               great
               fire
               ;
               when
               the
               Antimony
               shall
               be
               in
               perfect
               Fusion
               ,
               cast
               into
               it
               by
               little
               and
               little
               three
               ounces
               of
               Salt-peter
               ,
               a
               detonation
               will
               happen
               ,
               and
               the
               nails
               will
               melt
               ;
               and
               when
               there
               do
               rise
               no
               more
               sparkles
               ,
               pour
               out
               your
               matter
               into
               a
               Cornet
               or
               Iron
               mortar
               ,
               that
               you
               shall
               have
               greas'd
               with
               a
               little
               Suet
               ,
               and
               heated
               before-hand
               :
               then
               strike
               the
               sides
               of
               the
               mortar
               with
               pincers
               ,
               to
               make
               the
               Regulus
               fall
               to
               the
               bottom
               ;
               when
               it
               is
               cold
               ,
               separate
               it
               from
               the
               dross
               with
               a
               hammer
               :
               melt
               it
               in
               another
               Crucible
               ,
               and
               cast
               into
               it
               two
               ounces
               of
               Antimony
               in
               powder
               ;
               when
               it
               is
               melted
               ,
               add
               to
               it
               by
               little
               and
               little
               three
               ounces
               of
               Salt-peter
               ,
               which
               being
               burnt
               ,
               and
               the
               matter
               casting
               forth
               no
               more
               sparkles
               ,
               pour
               it
               into
               the
               Iron
               Cornet
               greased
               and
               heated
               as
               before
               ,
               then
               strike
               it
               with
               pincers
               ,
               that
               the
               Regulus
               may
               fall
               down
               ,
               and
               when
               it
               is
               cool
               ,
               separate
               it
               from
               the
               dross
               as
               I
               have
               said
               ;
               repeat
               melting
               the
               Regulus
               twice
               more
               ,
               and
               each
               time
               cast
               Salt-peter
               into
               it
               ,
               but
               the
               last
               especially
               ;
               you
               must
               observe
               to
               melt
               it
               well
               ,
               before
               you
               cast
               the
               Salt-peter
               into
               it
               ,
               that
               the
               Star
               may
               appear
               .
               There
               is
               no
               need
               of
               adding
               any
               more
               crude
               Antimony
               to
               the
               two
               last
               Fusions
               This
               Regulus
               is
               used
               as
               the
               other
               ,
               and
               hath
               the
               same
               effects
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Iron
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 Fusion
                 mixing
                 with
                 the
                 Antimony
                 turns
                 almost
                 all
                 of
                 it
                 into
                 dross
                 ,
                 because
                 
                 it
                 joyns
                 with
                 the
                 more
                 impure
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Reguline
                 part
                 being
                 more
                 weighty
                 falls
                 down
                 to
                 the
                 bottom
                 .
                 Salt-peter
                 is
                 used
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 open
                 the
                 Antimony
                 ,
                 and
                 cause
                 a
                 more
                 perfect
                 Fusion
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 separation
                 of
                 the
                 grosser
                 parts
                 may
                 be
                 made
                 the
                 better
                 .
                 Moreover
                 it
                 carries
                 off
                 some
                 Sulphurs
                 by
                 its
                 volatile
                 parts
                 .
                 The
                 dross
                 then
                 does
                 consist
                 of
                 Iron
                 ,
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 and
                 sixt
                 Salt-peter
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Fusion
                 is
                 repeated
                 three
                 times
                 over
                 ,
                 because
                 some
                 portion
                 of
                 Iron
                 doth
                 always
                 precipitate
                 with
                 the
                 Regulus
                 ;
                 and
                 a
                 little
                 crude
                 Antimony
                 is
                 added
                 to
                 the
                 first
                 of
                 all
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 the
                 Mars
                 ,
                 which
                 easily
                 joyns
                 with
                 Antimony
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 a
                 gross
                 Sulphur
                 it
                 contains
                 ,
                 may
                 leave
                 the
                 Regulus
                 and
                 stick
                 to
                 it
                 .
                 The
                 two
                 last
                 Fusions
                 do
                 make
                 a
                 gray
                 or
                 white
                 dross
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 is
                 a
                 mark
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Salt-peter
                 can
                 receive
                 no
                 more
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 first
                 Purification
                 ,
                 ten
                 ounces
                 of
                 Regulus
                 ,
                 and
                 thirteen
                 ounces
                 of
                 Scories
                 do
                 remain
                 ;
                 after
                 the
                 second
                 Purification
                 ,
                 nine
                 ounces
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 of
                 Regulus
                 do
                 remain
                 ;
                 after
                 the
                 third
                 ,
                 eight
                 ounces
                 and
                 two
                 drachms
                 of
                 Regulus
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 the
                 fourth
                 you
                 'l
                 have
                 seven
                 ounces
                 ,
                 and
                 six
                 drachms
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Star
                 which
                 appears
                 upon
                 the
                 
                   Martial
                   Regulus
                   of
                   Antimony
                
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 well
                 Purified
                 ,
                 has
                 given
                 occasion
                 to
                 the
                 Chymists
                 to
                 reason
                 upon
                 the
                 matter
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 these
                 men
                 being
                 strongly
                 perswaded
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Planetary
                   Influences
                
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 supposed
                 correspondence
                 between
                 each
                 of
                 the
                 Planets
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Metal
                 that
                 bears
                 its
                 name
                 ,
                 they
                 have
                 not
                 wanted
                 to
                 assert
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 same
                 Star
                 proceeded
                 from
                 the
                 impression
                 which
                 certain
                 little
                 bodies
                 flowing
                 from
                 the
                 Planet
                 Mars
                 do
                 
                 bestow
                 upon
                 Antimony
                 for
                 sake
                 of
                 the
                 remaining
                 Iron
                 that
                 was
                 mixed
                 with
                 it
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 this
                 reason
                 ,
                 they
                 wonderfully
                 recommend
                 the
                 making
                 this
                 preparation
                 upon
                 Tuesday
                 rather
                 than
                 another
                 day
                 ,
                 between
                 7
                 and
                 8
                 a
                 clock
                 in
                 the
                 morning
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 between
                 2
                 and
                 3
                 in
                 the
                 afternoon
                 ,
                 provided
                 the
                 weather
                 be
                 clear
                 and
                 fair
                 ,
                 thinking
                 that
                 day
                 which
                 is
                 denominated
                 from
                 Mars
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 time
                 that
                 it
                 lets
                 fall
                 its
                 Influences
                 most
                 plentiful
                 of
                 any
                 .
                 They
                 have
                 likewise
                 conceited
                 a
                 thousand
                 things
                 of
                 the
                 like
                 nature
                 ,
                 which
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 too
                 much
                 trouble
                 to
                 relate
                 here
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 all
                 opinions
                 of
                 this
                 kind
                 have
                 no
                 manner
                 of
                 probability
                 ,
                 for
                 no
                 bodies
                 Experience
                 did
                 ever
                 evince
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Metals
                 have
                 any
                 such
                 correspondence
                 with
                 the
                 Planets
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 maintained
                 otherwhere
                 ;
                 much
                 less
                 can
                 they
                 prove
                 that
                 the
                 Influences
                 of
                 the
                 Planets
                 do
                 imprint
                 such
                 and
                 such
                 Figures
                 to
                 Metals
                 ,
                 as
                 these
                 men
                 do
                 determine
                 .
                 It
                 would
                 be
                 no
                 hard
                 matter
                 for
                 me
                 here
                 to
                 shew
                 how
                 little
                 reason
                 or
                 foundation
                 there
                 is
                 in
                 discourses
                 of
                 that
                 nature
                 ,
                 and
                 how
                 very
                 weak
                 and
                 uncertain
                 are
                 the
                 Principles
                 of
                 
                   Judicial
                   Astrology
                
                 ;
                 but
                 this
                 would
                 be
                 too
                 long
                 a
                 Digression
                 for
                 this
                 place
                 ,
                 and
                 serve
                 only
                 to
                 swell
                 this
                 Book
                 with
                 things
                 that
                 may
                 be
                 found
                 treated
                 of
                 at
                 large
                 elsewhere
                 ,
                 and
                 particularly
                 in
                 the
                 Epitome
                 of
                 Gassendus
                 made
                 by
                 Monsieur
                 Bernier
                 .
              
               
                 My
                 thoughts
                 therefore
                 shall
                 not
                 soar
                 so
                 high
                 as
                 these
                 mens
                 do
                 ;
                 and
                 though
                 I
                 may
                 seem
                 dull
                 and
                 mean
                 in
                 their
                 eyes
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 not
                 search
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Coelestial
                   Bodies
                
                 for
                 an
                 explication
                 of
                 the
                 Star
                 we
                 now
                 contend
                 about
                 ;
                 seeing
                 I
                 can
                 find
                 it
                 out
                 in
                 causes
                 near
                 at
                 hand
                 .
                 There
                 have
                 been
                 who
                 gazing
                 too
                 
                 earnestly
                 upon
                 the
                 Stars
                 above
                 ,
                 have
                 not
                 perceived
                 the
                 stone
                 at
                 their
                 feet
                 ,
                 that
                 caused
                 them
                 to
                 stumble
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 say
                 then
                 that
                 the
                 Star
                 which
                 appears
                 upon
                 the
                 
                   Martial
                   Regulus
                   of
                   Antimony
                
                 ,
                 does
                 proceed
                 from
                 the
                 Antimony
                 it self
                 ;
                 for
                 this
                 Mineral
                 runs
                 all
                 into
                 Needles
                 ;
                 but
                 because
                 before
                 it
                 is
                 Purified
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 loaded
                 with
                 sulphureous
                 and
                 impure
                 parts
                 ,
                 which
                 do
                 make
                 it
                 softish
                 ,
                 these
                 Needles
                 do
                 not
                 appear
                 but
                 confusedly
                 .
                 Now
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 purified
                 with
                 Mars
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 more
                 sulphureous
                 parts
                 of
                 Antimony
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 fittest
                 to
                 hinder
                 its
                 Crystallization
                 ,
                 are
                 carried
                 away
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 there
                 remains
                 the
                 hardest
                 and
                 the
                 most
                 compact
                 part
                 of
                 Iron
                 ,
                 which
                 makes
                 the
                 Antimony
                 firmer
                 than
                 it
                 was
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 the
                 Purification
                 does
                 serve
                 to
                 lay
                 open
                 the
                 natural
                 Crystals
                 of
                 Antimony
                 in
                 form
                 of
                 a
                 star
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Iron
                 by
                 its
                 hardness
                 does
                 expatiate
                 these
                 Crystals
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 it
                 comes
                 that
                 the
                 
                   Martial
                   Regulus
                   of
                   Antimony
                
                 is
                 harder
                 than
                 the
                 other
                 Regulus
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Crystals
                 then
                 do
                 appear
                 in
                 form
                 of
                 a
                 star
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Martial
                   Regulus
                   of
                   Antimony
                
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 were
                 so
                 naturally
                 in
                 the
                 Antimony
                 before
                 .
                 This
                 star
                 does
                 not
                 appear
                 exactly
                 the
                 same
                 in
                 the
                 
                   common
                   Regulus
                   of
                   Antimony
                
                 ,
                 let
                 it
                 be
                 Purified
                 never
                 so
                 much
                 ,
                 because
                 its
                 parts
                 have
                 not
                 the
                 same
                 tension
                 as
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Glass
               of
               Antimony
               .
            
             
               This
               preparation
               is
               a
               Regulus
               of
               Antimony
               become
               vitrified
               by
               a
               long
               fusion
               .
            
             
             
               Calcine
               in
               a
               small
               fire
               a
               pound
               of
               Antimony
               in
               powder
               ,
               in
               an
               earthen
               pot
               unglazed
               ,
               stir
               the
               matter
               continually
               with
               an
               Iron
               Spatule
               ,
               until
               vapours
               arise
               no
               longer
               ;
               but
               if
               notwithstanding
               your
               stirring
               ,
               the
               powder
               should
               chance
               to
               run
               into
               lumps
               ,
               as
               it
               often
               happens
               to
               do
               ,
               put
               it
               into
               a
               mortar
               and
               powder
               it
               ;
               then
               Calcine
               it
               again
               ,
               as
               I
               have
               said
               ,
               and
               when
               it
               will
               fume
               no
               more
               ,
               and
               is
               of
               a
               gray
               colour
               ,
               put
               it
               into
               a
               good
               Crucible
               ,
               cover
               it
               with
               a
               tyle
               ,
               and
               set
               it
               in
               a
               wind-furnace
               ,
               in
               which
               you
               shall
               make
               a
               very
               violent
               coal-fire
               round
               about
               the
               Crucible
               ,
               to
               the
               end
               the
               matter
               may
               melt
               .
               About
               an
               hour
               afterwards
               uncover
               the
               Crucible
               ,
               and
               putting
               the
               end
               of
               an
               Iron
               rod
               into
               it
               ,
               see
               whether
               the
               matter
               that
               sticks
               to
               it
               is
               become
               Diaphanous
               ;
               and
               if
               it
               be
               ,
               pour
               it
               upon
               a
               Marble
               well
               warmed
               ,
               it
               will
               congeal
               ,
               and
               you
               'l
               have
               the
               
                 Glass
                 of
                 Antimony
              
               ,
               which
               you
               must
               let
               cool
               ,
               and
               so
               keep
               for
               use
               .
               It
               is
               a
               strong
               Vomitive
               ,
               and
               one
               of
               the
               most
               violent
               that
               is
               made
               of
               Antimony
               .
               The
               Emetick
               Wine
               is
               made
               of
               it
               ,
               by
               setting
               it
               to
               steep
               in
               White-wine
               .
               It
               is
               given
               also
               in
               substance
               from
               two
               grains
               unto
               six
               .
            
             
               An
               Emetick
               Syrup
               is
               prepared
               with
               the
               
                 Glass
                 of
                 Antimony
              
               infused
               in
               the
               juice
               of
               Quinces
               ,
               or
               Lemons
               ,
               and
               Sugar
               .
               If
               instead
               of
               these
               acid
               juices
               ,
               one
               should
               use
               Wine
               ,
               the
               Syrup
               would
               be
               the
               more
               Vomitive
               .
               The
               dose
               of
               the
               one
               and
               the
               other
               Syrup
               ,
               is
               from
               two
               drachms
               to
               an
               ounce
               and
               a
               half
               ,
               and
               is
               given
               especially
               to
               nice
               persons
               ,
               and
               to
               Infants
               .
            
             
               
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Antimony
                 must
                 be
                 Calcined
                 within
                 the
                 Chimny
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 vapours
                 that
                 fly
                 from
                 it
                 must
                 be
                 avoided
                 as
                 being
                 very
                 injurious
                 to
                 the
                 Breast
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Calcination
                 is
                 performed
                 to
                 devest
                 it
                 of
                 some
                 gross
                 Sulphurs
                 that
                 might
                 hinder
                 its
                 Vitrification
                 .
                 Some
                 do
                 add
                 to
                 this
                 gray
                 powder
                 Borax
                 ,
                 others
                 crude
                 Antimony
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 Vitrifie
                 the
                 more
                 easily
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Vitrification
                 happens
                 not
                 ,
                 until
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 Antimony
                 have
                 been
                 rendred
                 more
                 firm
                 and
                 stiff
                 than
                 they
                 were
                 before
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 the
                 fiery
                 particles
                 passing
                 and
                 repassing
                 through
                 the
                 matter
                 may
                 form
                 the
                 pores
                 into
                 a
                 strait
                 line
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 can
                 remain
                 in
                 this
                 condition
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Antimony
                 is
                 grown
                 cold
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 figure
                 of
                 these
                 pores
                 ,
                 which
                 causes
                 the
                 transparency
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 suffer
                 the
                 light
                 to
                 pass
                 through
                 them
                 directly
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 sulphur
                 and
                 antimony
                 do
                 help
                 it
                 to
                 melt
                 ,
                 wherefore
                 some
                 do
                 add
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 matter
                 ,
                 though
                 in
                 a
                 small
                 quantity
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 volatile
                 part
                 flies
                 away
                 before
                 the
                 Vitrification
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Borax
                 does
                 not
                 only
                 help
                 the
                 fusion
                 ,
                 but
                 likewise
                 serves
                 to
                 harden
                 the
                 matter
                 when
                 cold
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 pores
                 may
                 the
                 longer
                 be
                 preserved
                 strait
                 ;
                 for
                 ,
                 although
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 sulphurs
                 of
                 Antimony
                 flies
                 away
                 ,
                 yet
                 there
                 remains
                 enough
                 still
                 in
                 the
                 very
                 substance
                 of
                 the
                 glass
                 ,
                 which
                 yet
                 do
                 not
                 very
                 long
                 continue
                 in
                 their
                 first
                 position
                 ,
                 but
                 shutting
                 the
                 pores
                 of
                 the
                 matter
                 do
                 render
                 it
                 opake
                 .
              
               
               
                 This
                 accident
                 does
                 not
                 happen
                 to
                 such
                 glasses
                 as
                 contain
                 no
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 because
                 their
                 parts
                 being
                 always
                 preserved
                 stiff
                 and
                 firm
                 ,
                 their
                 pores
                 do
                 never
                 become
                 obstructed
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Glass
                   of
                   Antimony
                
                 receiving
                 more
                 Calcination
                 than
                 the
                 other
                 preparations
                 ,
                 should
                 consequently
                 be
                 less
                 Vomitive
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 dispersion
                 and
                 loss
                 of
                 much
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 wherein
                 its
                 Vomitive
                 virtue
                 doth
                 consist
                 :
                 Nevertheless
                 experience
                 shews
                 us
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 works
                 with
                 more
                 force
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 said
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 reason
                 of
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 because
                 no
                 Salt
                 is
                 used
                 in
                 the
                 making
                 of
                 this
                 glass
                 ,
                 whereas
                 in
                 the
                 other
                 preparations
                 Salt-peter
                 is
                 used
                 ,
                 which
                 by
                 its
                 fixt
                 parts
                 hinders
                 the
                 activity
                 of
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Sulphurs
                 ;
                 thus
                 although
                 there
                 doth
                 remain
                 but
                 a
                 small
                 quantity
                 of
                 Sulphur
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Glass
                   of
                   Antimony
                
                 ,
                 yet
                 as
                 little
                 as
                 there
                 is
                 being
                 in
                 great
                 motion
                 ,
                 it
                 causes
                 a
                 greater
                 disposition
                 to
                 Vomit
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 
                   Glass
                   of
                   Antimony
                
                 may
                 be
                 corrected
                 by
                 Calcining
                 it
                 in
                 a
                 crucible
                 with
                 a
                 third
                 part
                 of
                 Salt-peter
                 ,
                 then
                 washing
                 it
                 divers
                 times
                 with
                 hot
                 water
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 dried
                 .
                 This
                 powder
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 strong
                 in
                 its
                 operation
                 as
                 the
                 
                   Glass
                   of
                   Antimony
                
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Salt-peter
                 has
                 fixed
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Sulphurs
                 of
                 Antimony
                 .
                 It
                 works
                 much
                 like
                 the
                 
                   Crocus
                   metallorum
                
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 I
                 am
                 to
                 treat
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Liver
               of
               Antimony
               ,
               or
               Crocus
               Metallorum
               .
            
             
               This
               preparation
               is
               an
               Antimony
               opened
               by
               Salt-peter
               ,
               and
               by
               fire
               ,
               which
               have
               made
               it
               half
               glass
               ,
               and
               which
               have
               given
               it
               a
               Liver-colour
               .
            
             
             
               Take
               a
               pound
               of
               Antimony
               ,
               and
               so
               much
               Salt-peter
               ,
               powder
               them
               ,
               and
               mix
               them
               well
               together
               ,
               put
               this
               mixture
               into
               an
               Iron
               mortar
               ,
               and
               cover
               it
               with
               a
               tyle
               ;
               leave
               an
               open
               place
               nevertheless
               through
               which
               you
               may
               convey
               a
               coal
               of
               fire
               ,
               and
               take
               it
               out
               again
               ,
               the
               matter
               will
               flame
               ,
               and
               cause
               a
               great
               detonation
               ,
               which
               being
               over
               ,
               and
               the
               mortar
               grown
               cold
               ,
               strike
               against
               the
               bottom
               that
               the
               matter
               may
               fall
               down
               ;
               then
               separate
               the
               dross
               with
               a
               hammer
               ,
               from
               the
               shining
               part
               ,
               which
               is
               called
               
                 Liver
                 of
                 Antimony
              
               from
               its
               colour
               .
            
             
               To
               make
               the
               Emetick
               wine
               you
               must
               infuse
               an
               ounce
               of
               this
               
                 Liver
                 of
                 Antimony
              
               in
               powder
               in
               a
               quart
               of
               White-wine
               four
               and
               twenty
               hours
               ,
               and
               so
               let
               it
               settle
               ;
               the
               Dose
               of
               this
               wine
               is
               from
               half
               an
               ounce
               to
               three
               ounces
               .
            
             
               That
               which
               is
               called
               
                 Crocus
                 Metallorum
              
               is
               nothing
               but
               the
               
                 Liver
                 of
                 Antimony
              
               washt
               several
               times
               with
               warm
               water
               ,
               and
               afterwards
               dried
               .
               It
               is
               used
               as
               the
               
                 Liver
                 of
                 Antimony
              
               to
               make
               the
               Emetick
               wine
               ,
               and
               it
               is
               given
               likewise
               in
               substance
               to
               Vomit
               strongly
               :
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               two
               to
               eight
               grains
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 preparation
                 is
                 a
                 more
                 impure
                 
                   Glass
                   of
                   Antimony
                
                 than
                 that
                 I
                 described
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 it
                 is
                 more
                 opaque
                 ;
                 it
                 works
                 not
                 so
                 violently
                 as
                 the
                 glass
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 
                   Liver
                   of
                   Antimony
                
                 hath
                 a
                 different
                 strength
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 proportion
                 of
                 Niter
                 that
                 enters
                 into
                 it
                 ;
                 when
                 there
                 's
                 more
                 Niter
                 than
                 Antimony
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 less
                 Vomitive
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 because
                 great
                 store
                 
                 of
                 the
                 Sulphurs
                 of
                 Antimony
                 are
                 lost
                 in
                 the
                 strong
                 detonation
                 that
                 it
                 raises
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 because
                 there
                 remains
                 more
                 fixt
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Salt-peter
                 ,
                 which
                 do
                 joyn
                 and
                 unite
                 with
                 the
                 Sulphurs
                 that
                 remain
                 in
                 the
                 matter
                 .
                 Thus
                 if
                 instead
                 of
                 a
                 pound
                 of
                 Salt-peter
                 you
                 should
                 use
                 twenty
                 ounces
                 ,
                 as
                 many
                 do
                 ,
                 you
                 'd
                 have
                 a
                 
                   Liver
                   of
                   Antimony
                
                 less
                 Vomitive
                 than
                 that
                 I
                 described
                 .
                 Now
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 when
                 less
                 Salt-peter
                 than
                 Antimony
                 is
                 used
                 ,
                 the
                 Liver
                 that
                 proceeds
                 from
                 this
                 mixture
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 Vomitive
                 as
                 that
                 I
                 now
                 described
                 ;
                 the
                 reason
                 of
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 the
                 Sulphurs
                 of
                 Antimony
                 have
                 not
                 been
                 sufficiently
                 stirred
                 by
                 the
                 Salt-peter
                 in
                 so
                 little
                 a
                 quantity
                 :
                 for
                 Antimony
                 becomes
                 not
                 Vomitive
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 when
                 it
                 hath
                 been
                 sufficiently
                 opened
                 ,
                 either
                 by
                 fire
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 Salts
                 .
                 The
                 most
                 convenient
                 proportion
                 then
                 that
                 can
                 be
                 observed
                 to
                 render
                 the
                 
                   Liver
                   of
                   Antimony
                
                 as
                 Vomitive
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 ,
                 is
                 to
                 take
                 equal
                 parts
                 according
                 to
                 my
                 description
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 strong
                 detonation
                 that
                 happens
                 when
                 fire
                 is
                 put
                 to
                 the
                 matter
                 ,
                 is
                 not
                 caused
                 through
                 the
                 flagration
                 of
                 Salt-peter
                 ,
                 as
                 almost
                 every
                 body
                 hath
                 thought
                 ,
                 through
                 want
                 of
                 sufficient
                 reflexion
                 ;
                 I
                 shall
                 prove
                 in
                 its
                 proper
                 place
                 that
                 it
                 can
                 never
                 take
                 flame
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 its
                 volatile
                 parts
                 do
                 serve
                 for
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Bellows
                 ,
                 or
                 Vehicle
                 to
                 rarifie
                 and
                 exalt
                 the
                 Sulphurs
                 of
                 Antimony
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 
                   Liver
                   of
                   Antimony
                
                 is
                 prepared
                 with
                 equal
                 quantities
                 of
                 Antimony
                 ,
                 Niter
                 ,
                 and
                 Sea-salt
                 decrepitated
                 ;
                 and
                 because
                 these
                 salts
                 do
                 give
                 it
                 a
                 red
                 colour
                 like
                 unto
                 the
                 Opale
                 ,
                 this
                 preparation
                 has
                 been
                 called
                 
                   Magnesia
                   Opalina
                
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 less
                 Emetick
                 than
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 addition
                 of
                 sea-salt
                 ,
                 which
                 fixes
                 the
                 saline
                 Sulphur
                 of
                 Antimony
                 .
              
               
               
                 Several
                 other
                 ways
                 of
                 preparing
                 the
                 
                   Liver
                   of
                   Antimony
                
                 have
                 been
                 invented
                 ;
                 but
                 I
                 am
                 contented
                 with
                 having
                 given
                 you
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 all
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 easiest
                 to
                 prepare
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 use
                 ordinary
                 salt-peter
                 in
                 this
                 Operation
                 ,
                 you
                 'l
                 obtain
                 eight
                 ounces
                 and
                 two
                 drachms
                 of
                 
                   Liver
                   of
                   Antimony
                
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 you
                 use
                 purified
                 salt-peter
                 ,
                 you
                 'l
                 get
                 but
                 six
                 ounces
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 difference
                 of
                 quantity
                 proceeds
                 from
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 salt-peter
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 more
                 volatile
                 parts
                 this
                 Mineral
                 salt
                 contains
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 apt
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 carry
                 off
                 some
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Antimony
                 .
                 Now
                 purified
                 Salt-peter
                 is
                 much
                 more
                 volatile
                 than
                 the
                 common
                 sort
                 ,
                 wherefore
                 the
                 
                   Liver
                   of
                   Antimony
                
                 ,
                 where
                 it
                 is
                 used
                 ,
                 is
                 in
                 lesser
                 quantity
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 
                   Liver
                   of
                   Antimony
                
                 that
                 's
                 made
                 with
                 common
                 salt-peter
                 is
                 the
                 redder
                 ,
                 and
                 comes
                 nearer
                 to
                 the
                 colour
                 of
                 an
                 Animals
                 Liver
                 ,
                 than
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 made
                 with
                 purified
                 salt-peter
                 ;
                 this
                 happens
                 through
                 the
                 fixt
                 salt
                 which
                 is
                 in
                 this
                 preparation
                 more
                 than
                 in
                 the
                 other
                 ;
                 for
                 common
                 salt-peter
                 contains
                 much
                 fixt
                 salt
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 shall
                 shew
                 in
                 its
                 proper
                 place
                 ;
                 this
                 salt
                 does
                 likewise
                 make
                 the
                 matter
                 the
                 heavier
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 virtues
                 of
                 these
                 
                   Livers
                   of
                   Antimony
                
                 ,
                 the
                 difference
                 is
                 not
                 very
                 great
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 made
                 with
                 purified
                 salt-peter
                 is
                 a
                 little
                 more
                 Emetick
                 than
                 the
                 other
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 cannot
                 pass
                 by
                 here
                 the
                 false
                 imagination
                 of
                 some
                 men
                 who
                 think
                 that
                 preparation
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Liver
                   of
                   Antimony
                
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 half
                 a
                 drachm
                 ,
                 or
                 two
                 scruples
                 may
                 be
                 given
                 ,
                 is
                 much
                 better
                 than
                 that
                 whereof
                 3
                 or
                 4
                 grains
                 perform
                 the
                 same
                 effect
                 ;
                 for
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 doubt
                 but
                 the
                 taking
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 quantity
                 of
                 Antimony
                 will
                 give
                 an
                 impression
                 
                 to
                 the
                 stomach
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 lesser
                 quantity
                 is
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 do
                 .
                 Furthermore
                 ,
                 whereas
                 these
                 kind
                 of
                 preparations
                 do
                 commonly
                 open
                 the
                 Antimony
                 but
                 little
                 ,
                 or
                 but
                 half-fix
                 the
                 saline
                 sulphurs
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 feared
                 lest
                 some
                 salt
                 they
                 may
                 meet
                 with
                 in
                 the
                 stomach
                 ,
                 should
                 open
                 them
                 too
                 much
                 ,
                 or
                 volatilize
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 cause
                 most
                 unhappy
                 accidents
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 
                   Liver
                   of
                   Antimony
                
                 is
                 washed
                 with
                 warm
                 water
                 ,
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 fixt
                 Niter
                 that
                 remained
                 in
                 it
                 is
                 separated
                 .
                 Many
                 have
                 believed
                 that
                 the
                 more
                 violent
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Emetick
                 was
                 carried
                 off
                 by
                 this
                 Lotion
                 :
                 but
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 this
                 fixt
                 part
                 is
                 more
                 capable
                 of
                 mitigating
                 than
                 augmenting
                 its
                 violence
                 for
                 the
                 reasons
                 I
                 have
                 spoke
                 already
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 must
                 observe
                 that
                 if
                 you
                 should
                 put
                 four
                 ounces
                 of
                 prepared
                 Antimony
                 into
                 a
                 quart
                 of
                 wine
                 ,
                 the
                 wine
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 more
                 Vomitive
                 than
                 if
                 you
                 should
                 put
                 but
                 an
                 ounce
                 ;
                 because
                 being
                 loaded
                 with
                 as
                 much
                 of
                 the
                 substance
                 of
                 it
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 able
                 to
                 contain
                 ,
                 the
                 rest
                 remains
                 at
                 bottom
                 ,
                 and
                 cannot
                 be
                 dissolved
                 unless
                 more
                 wine
                 be
                 added
                 .
                 Now
                 an
                 ounce
                 of
                 
                   Crocus
                   Metallorum
                
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   Liver
                   of
                   Antimony
                
                 is
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 experience
                 ,
                 capable
                 of
                 impregnating
                 not
                 only
                 one
                 quart
                 of
                 wine
                 ,
                 but
                 after
                 having
                 poured
                 off
                 the
                 liquor
                 by
                 Inclination
                 ,
                 if
                 you
                 put
                 as
                 much
                 more
                 wine
                 to
                 the
                 matter
                 that
                 remains
                 ,
                 and
                 leave
                 it
                 in
                 digestion
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 days
                 together
                 ,
                 you
                 'l
                 have
                 an
                 Infusion
                 as
                 Emetick
                 as
                 the
                 first
                 .
                 You
                 may
                 if
                 you
                 please
                 renew
                 the
                 wine
                 that
                 is
                 poured
                 upon
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 infused
                 ,
                 nine
                 several
                 times
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 will
                 always
                 prove
                 Emetick
                 ;
                 after
                 which
                 ,
                 if
                 you
                 Calcine
                 your
                 matter
                 a
                 quarter
                 of
                 an
                 hour
                 in
                 an
                 earthen
                 pot
                 unglazed
                 over
                 a
                 small
                 
                 fire
                 ,
                 stirring
                 the
                 matter
                 continually
                 with
                 an
                 Iron
                 Spatule
                 ,
                 you
                 may
                 infuse
                 it
                 again
                 as
                 before
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 will
                 render
                 the
                 wine
                 Emetick
                 .
              
               
                 That
                 Emetick
                 wine
                 which
                 is
                 made
                 with
                 the
                 
                   Crocus
                   Metallorum
                
                 is
                 most
                 in
                 use
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 likewise
                 prepared
                 with
                 the
                 Regulus
                 and
                 glass
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 said
                 speaking
                 of
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 might
                 likewise
                 make
                 another
                 sort
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 by
                 infusing
                 warm
                 some
                 days
                 crude
                 Antimony
                 in
                 white-wine
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 tartarous
                 salts
                 of
                 the
                 wine
                 do
                 open
                 the
                 Antimony
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 would
                 not
                 prove
                 so
                 vomitive
                 as
                 the
                 other
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Emetick
                 wine
                 is
                 given
                 alone
                 ,
                 or
                 mixed
                 with
                 Purgatives
                 ,
                 that
                 convey
                 it
                 partly
                 by
                 stool
                 .
                 When
                 you
                 find
                 an
                 Inclination
                 to
                 vomit
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 be
                 provided
                 of
                 broth
                 a
                 little
                 fat
                 ,
                 and
                 take
                 some
                 spoonfuls
                 to
                 facilitate
                 the
                 Vomiting
                 ,
                 and
                 hinder
                 the
                 great
                 efforts
                 which
                 sometimes
                 break
                 vessels
                 ,
                 and
                 cause
                 mortal
                 Hemorrhagies
                 to
                 follow
                 .
                 You
                 must
                 also
                 consider
                 that
                 those
                 who
                 have
                 their
                 breasts
                 strait
                 ,
                 and
                 bodies
                 thin
                 ,
                 are
                 much
                 harder
                 to
                 vomit
                 than
                 others
                 .
                 But
                 let
                 us
                 leave
                 those
                 particulars
                 to
                 the
                 wisdom
                 of
                 Physicians
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Antimonium
               Diaphoreticum
               .
            
             
               This
               preparation
               is
               an
               Antimony
               ,
               whose
               sulphurs
               are
               fixed
               by
               Salt-peter
               ,
               and
               are
               thereby
               hindred
               from
               working
               otherwise
               than
               by
               sweat
               .
            
             
               Powder
               and
               mix
               well
               together
               one
               part
               of
               Antimony
               with
               three
               parts
               of
               purified
               Salt-peter
               ;
               and
               having
               heated
               a
               Crucible
               red-hot
               in
               the
               Coals
               ,
               cast
               into
               it
               a
               spoonful
               of
               your
               mixture
               ,
               you
               'l
               hear
               
               a
               noise
               or
               detonation
               ;
               after
               that
               's
               over
               ,
               cast
               in
               another
               spoonful
               ,
               and
               continue
               to
               do
               so
               'till
               all
               your
               powder
               is
               in
               the
               Crucible
               .
               Leave
               a
               great
               fire
               about
               it
               two
               hours
               ,
               then
               throw
               your
               matter
               which
               will
               be
               white
               ,
               into
               an
               earthen
               pan
               almost
               filled
               with
               Fountain-water
               ,
               and
               leave
               it
               a
               steeping
               warm
               ten
               or
               twelve
               hours
               ,
               that
               the
               fixt
               Salt-peter
               may
               dissolve
               in
               it
               ;
               separate
               the
               liquor
               by
               Inclination
               ,
               wash
               the
               white
               powder
               that
               remains
               at
               bottom
               five
               or
               six
               times
               with
               warm
               water
               ,
               and
               dry
               it
               .
               This
               is
               called
               
                 Antimonium
                 Diaphoreticum
              
               ,
               or
               mineral
               Diaphoretick
               ,
               or
               the
               Calx
               of
               Antimony
               .
            
             
               This
               Preparation
               is
               esteemed
               good
               to
               procure
               Sweat
               ,
               and
               to
               resist
               Poison
               ,
               and
               consequently
               is
               good
               in
               Malignant
               Feavers
               ,
               the
               small
               Pox
               ,
               the
               Plague
               and
               other
               Contagious
               diseases
               .
               The
               dose
               is
               from
               six
               grains
               to
               thirty
               ,
               in
               some
               appropriate
               liquor
               .
            
             
               All
               the
               Lotions
               may
               be
               evaporated
               ,
               and
               a
               fixt
               Salt-peter
               will
               be
               found
               at
               the
               bottom
               of
               the
               vessel
               ,
               which
               works
               much
               like
               the
               
                 Sal
                 Polychrestum
              
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 this
                 preparation
                 three
                 pounds
                 of
                 Salt-peter
                 are
                 used
                 for
                 one
                 pound
                 of
                 Antimony
                 ,
                 that
                 after
                 sublimation
                 of
                 the
                 volatile
                 parts
                 there
                 may
                 remain
                 store
                 of
                 fixt
                 Niter
                 ,
                 which
                 unites
                 with
                 the
                 Antimony
                 ,
                 and
                 hinders
                 it
                 from
                 being
                 Vomitive
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 observable
                 ,
                 that
                 three
                 parts
                 of
                 Niter
                 with
                 one
                 of
                 Antimony
                 do
                 not
                 cause
                 so
                 strong
                 a
                 detonation
                 ,
                 nor
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 diminution
                 of
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 Antimony
                 ,
                 as
                 when
                 there
                 are
                 but
                 equal
                 quantities
                 .
                 
                 And
                 the
                 reason
                 of
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 's
                 too
                 little
                 sulphur
                 of
                 Antimony
                 for
                 the
                 quantity
                 of
                 Niter
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 sulphur
                 does
                 remain
                 unactive
                 in
                 the
                 fixt
                 Niter
                 ,
                 which
                 admits
                 not
                 of
                 flagration
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 volatile
                 part
                 of
                 Salt-peter
                 does
                 not
                 burn
                 ,
                 but
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 proportion
                 of
                 sulphur
                 with
                 which
                 it
                 is
                 mixed
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 is
                 a
                 proof
                 of
                 my
                 assertion
                 in
                 this
                 matter
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 you
                 throw
                 upon
                 lighted
                 coals
                 ,
                 a
                 little
                 of
                 that
                 Salt-peter
                 which
                 you
                 shall
                 have
                 drawn
                 from
                 the
                 lotions
                 of
                 
                   Antimonium
                   Diaphoreticum
                
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 still
                 cause
                 a
                 flame
                 to
                 arise
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 new
                 sulphur
                 which
                 it
                 meets
                 with
                 in
                 the
                 coals
                 ,
                 which
                 sulphur
                 does
                 joyn
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 volatile
                 part
                 of
                 Salt-peter
                 that
                 remained
                 .
                 I
                 shall
                 speak
                 more
                 at
                 large
                 of
                 the
                 flagration
                 of
                 Salt-peter
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Chapter
                 of
                 this
                 Salt.
                 
              
               
                 You
                 must
                 put
                 the
                 mixture
                 into
                 the
                 Crucible
                 spoonful
                 after
                 spoonful
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Calcination
                 may
                 be
                 done
                 the
                 better
                 .
                 When
                 it
                 is
                 ended
                 ,
                 the
                 matter
                 is
                 washed
                 ,
                 for
                 to
                 separate
                 the
                 Salt-peter
                 that
                 is
                 unuseful
                 .
                 But
                 let
                 there
                 be
                 never
                 so
                 many
                 lotions
                 ,
                 they
                 can
                 never
                 wash
                 away
                 a
                 certain
                 inveloping
                 or
                 cover
                 that
                 is
                 given
                 to
                 the
                 Antimony
                 by
                 the
                 fixt
                 Salt-peter
                 ;
                 for
                 each
                 particle
                 of
                 Antimony
                 is
                 so
                 closely
                 united
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 cannot
                 any
                 way
                 be
                 separated
                 without
                 recourse
                 to
                 some
                 reductive
                 Salt
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 is
                 it
                 that
                 makes
                 this
                 preparation
                 of
                 Antimony
                 to
                 be
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 Vomitive
                 .
                 Many
                 do
                 say
                 it
                 is
                 Sudorifick
                 ,
                 but
                 I
                 could
                 never
                 observe
                 any
                 such
                 effect
                 sensibly
                 .
                 Nevertheless
                 I
                 would
                 submit
                 to
                 think
                 so
                 ,
                 both
                 because
                 many
                 Authors
                 have
                 written
                 so
                 ,
                 and
                 because
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 body
                 may
                 possibly
                 separate
                 some
                 of
                 its
                 Sulphurs
                 ,
                 which
                 not
                 being
                 strong
                 enough
                 to
                 make
                 one
                 Vomit
                 ,
                 may
                 only
                 
                 drive
                 by
                 Transpiration
                 sensible
                 or
                 insensible
                 ,
                 according
                 as
                 the
                 pores
                 are
                 more
                 or
                 less
                 open
                 .
                 Others
                 do
                 think
                 
                   Antimonium
                   Diaphoreticum
                
                 is
                 meerly
                 an
                 alkali
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 good
                 for
                 nothing
                 but
                 to
                 destroy
                 acids
                 ,
                 and
                 on
                 this
                 principle
                 do
                 give
                 it
                 for
                 the
                 same
                 ends
                 as
                 Coral
                 ,
                 Perle
                 ,
                 Calcined
                 Harts-horn
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 things
                 as
                 do
                 absorb
                 sharp
                 or
                 acid
                 humours
                 ,
                 which
                 abounding
                 too
                 much
                 in
                 the
                 body
                 do
                 cause
                 divers
                 diseases
                 ;
                 but
                 without
                 doubt
                 they
                 that
                 follow
                 these
                 principles
                 have
                 not
                 built
                 them
                 on
                 Experience
                 ;
                 for
                 pour
                 any
                 kind
                 of
                 acid
                 on
                 
                   Antimonium
                   Diaphoreticum
                
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 never
                 dissolve
                 at
                 all
                 ,
                 and
                 take
                 away
                 the
                 acid
                 after
                 a
                 very
                 long
                 Infusion
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 as
                 strong
                 as
                 ever
                 ;
                 which
                 proves
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 no
                 alkali
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 not
                 to
                 produce
                 the
                 effects
                 that
                 are
                 pretended
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Cornachine
                 Powder
                 is
                 made
                 of
                 equal
                 parts
                 of
                 
                   Antimonium
                   Diaphoreticum
                
                 ,
                 Diagryde
                 ,
                 and
                 Cream
                 of
                 Tartar.
                 The
                 dose
                 is
                 from
                 20
                 to
                 45
                 grains
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Another
               Antimonium
               Diaphoreticum
               .
            
             
               This
               preparation
               is
               a
               Calcination
               of
               Antimony
               ,
               by
               which
               it
               is
               fixed
               ,
               and
               rendred
               sudorifick
               ,
               without
               losing
               the
               volatile
               part
               which
               sublimes
               from
               it
               .
            
             
               Take
               a
               good
               earthen
               pot
               unglazed
               ,
               able
               to
               resist
               the
               fire
               ,
               with
               a
               hole
               in
               the
               middle
               of
               its
               height
               ,
               and
               a
               stopple
               to
               it
               ;
               set
               it
               in
               a
               Furnace
               of
               an
               equal
               proportion
               ,
               and
               fit
               to
               it
               three
               pots
               more
               of
               the
               same
               earth
               ,
               all
               three
               open
               at
               the
               bottom
               ,
               and
               fit
               a
               glass
               head
               to
               the
               uppermost
               pot
               ,
               with
               a
               little
               Viol
               for
               a
               Receiver
               .
               Lute
               the
               junctures
               well
               ,
               and
               by
               
               the
               means
               of
               some
               Bricks
               and
               Lute
               together
               ,
               let
               the
               fire
               transpire
               only
               through
               some
               little
               holes
               ,
               and
               be
               but
               strong
               enough
               to
               warm
               the
               bottom
               of
               the
               lowermost
               pot
               ;
               then
               give
               your
               fire
               by
               degrees
               ,
               to
               heat
               this
               pot
               by
               little
               and
               little
               red-hot
               .
            
             
               In
               the
               mean
               time
               mix
               three
               parts
               of
               Salt-peter
               ,
               with
               one
               of
               Antimony
               in
               powder
               ;
               cast
               a
               spoonful
               of
               it
               into
               the
               red-hot
               pot
               through
               the
               hole
               ,
               and
               stop
               it
               again
               quickly
               ,
               you
               'l
               perceive
               a
               great
               detonation
               ,
               and
               after
               it
               is
               over
               ,
               cast
               in
               another
               spoonful
               ,
               and
               continue
               to
               do
               so
               until
               all
               your
               matter
               is
               spent
               .
               Then
               encrease
               the
               fire
               to
               the
               utmost
               for
               half
               an
               hours
               time
               ,
               and
               so
               let
               it
               go
               out
               .
               Unlute
               the
               vessels
               as
               soon
               as
               they
               are
               coid
               ,
               you
               'l
               find
               a
               little
               Spirit
               of
               Niter
               in
               the
               Receiver
               ;
               white
               flowers
               in
               the
               three
               upper
               pots
               ,
               and
               a
               white
               mass
               in
               the
               lowermost
               ,
               which
               may
               be
               washed
               as
               the
               other
               
                 Antimonium
                 Diaphoreticum
              
               ,
               and
               so
               dried
               .
               This
               Mineral
               Diaphoretick
               is
               as
               good
               as
               the
               former
               ;
               you
               must
               wash
               the
               flowers
               several
               times
               with
               warm
               water
               ,
               and
               then
               dry
               them
               .
               They
               are
               not
               so
               Emetick
               as
               those
               I
               shall
               describe
               hereafter
               ;
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               two
               to
               six
               grains
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 this
                 preparation
                 the
                 volatile
                 or
                 Sulphureous
                 parts
                 of
                 Antimony
                 do
                 stick
                 to
                 the
                 sides
                 of
                 the
                 pots
                 like
                 flower
                 ;
                 if
                 you
                 don't
                 wash
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 so
                 Vomitive
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Salt-peter
                 that
                 rises
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 hinders
                 their
                 activity
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 acid
                 spirit
                 which
                 is
                 found
                 in
                 the
                 Recipient
                 may
                 be
                 used
                 in
                 the
                 Colick
                 ;
                 the
                 dose
                 is
                 from
                 
                 four
                 to
                 eight
                 drops
                 in
                 Broth
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 appropriate
                 liquor
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 use
                 in
                 this
                 operation
                 five
                 ounces
                 of
                 Antimony
                 ,
                 and
                 fifteen
                 ounces
                 of
                 Salt-peter
                 ,
                 you
                 will
                 draw
                 half
                 an
                 ounce
                 of
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 ,
                 two
                 drachms
                 of
                 flowers
                 of
                 Antimony
                 washt
                 ,
                 and
                 dried
                 ,
                 and
                 five
                 ounces
                 of
                 very
                 white
                 
                   Antimonium
                   diaphoreticum
                
                 ,
                 after
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 well
                 washt
                 and
                 dried
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 you
                 evaporate
                 and
                 crystallize
                 the
                 lotions
                 ,
                 you
                 will
                 find
                 ten
                 ounces
                 of
                 Salt
                 ,
                 which
                 will
                 be
                 a
                 Salt-peter
                 half
                 fixed
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 will
                 flame
                 being
                 thrown
                 upon
                 the
                 coals
                 ;
                 insomuch
                 that
                 there
                 will
                 be
                 lost
                 in
                 the
                 whole
                 of
                 the
                 mixture
                 ,
                 four
                 ounces
                 and
                 two
                 drachms
                 .
                 This
                 diminution
                 comes
                 from
                 what
                 loses
                 through
                 the
                 hole
                 of
                 the
                 pot
                 ,
                 during
                 the
                 detonation
                 ,
                 for
                 stop
                 it
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 you
                 can
                 ,
                 there
                 will
                 always
                 vent
                 out
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 fume
                 ,
                 which
                 will
                 incommode
                 the
                 Artist
                 ,
                 unless
                 he
                 takes
                 care
                 to
                 turn
                 away
                 his
                 head
                 from
                 the
                 steam
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 purified
                 Salt-peter
                 loses
                 no
                 more
                 than
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 sulphur
                 of
                 Antimony
                 can
                 take
                 of
                 the
                 volatile
                 parts
                 of
                 Salt-peter
                 but
                 such
                 a
                 proportion
                 as
                 it
                 requires
                 to
                 raise
                 it
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 in
                 fifteen
                 ounces
                 of
                 Salt-peter
                 ,
                 (
                 whether
                 it
                 be
                 the
                 purified
                 sort
                 or
                 the
                 common
                 )
                 there
                 are
                 much
                 more
                 volatile
                 parts
                 than
                 are
                 necessary
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 joyn
                 with
                 the
                 sulphur
                 of
                 five
                 ounces
                 of
                 Antimony
                 .
              
               
                 Although
                 there
                 do
                 rise
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 parts
                 of
                 Antimony
                 with
                 the
                 volatile
                 portion
                 of
                 Salt-peter
                 in
                 the
                 detonation
                 ,
                 yet
                 we
                 find
                 that
                 the
                 
                   Antimonium
                   diaphoreticum
                
                 which
                 remains
                 ,
                 does
                 weigh
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 the
                 Antimony
                 which
                 was
                 imployed
                 in
                 the
                 operation
                 ;
                 the
                 reason
                 of
                 which
                 is
                 that
                 in
                 place
                 of
                 the
                 part
                 of
                 Antimony
                 that
                 exhales
                 ,
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 
                 of
                 Salt-peter
                 does
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 inseparably
                 join
                 with
                 the
                 remainder
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 is
                 that
                 which
                 fixes
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 hinders
                 it
                 from
                 being
                 vomitive
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 said
                 .
              
               
                 Again
                 ,
                 although
                 Antimony
                 is
                 naturally
                 black
                 ,
                 it
                 becomes
                 altogether
                 white
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 has
                 been
                 well
                 rarefied
                 ;
                 for
                 all
                 that
                 we
                 see
                 in
                 this
                 operation
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 pure
                 white
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 the
                 volatile
                 as
                 the
                 fixt
                 ,
                 which
                 shews
                 very
                 well
                 that
                 colours
                 have
                 no
                 real
                 being
                 .
              
               
                 An
                 
                   Antimonium
                   diaphoreticum
                
                 may
                 be
                 prepared
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 likewise
                 a
                 sulphur
                 of
                 Antimony
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 following
                 manner
                 .
              
               
                 Dissolve
                 within
                 the
                 chimney
                 ,
                 what
                 quantity
                 you
                 please
                 of
                 crude
                 Antimony
                 with
                 three
                 times
                 as
                 much
                 
                   Aqua
                   Regalis
                
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 glass
                 body
                 ,
                 there
                 will
                 appear
                 a
                 strong
                 ebullition
                 with
                 red
                 vapours
                 ,
                 which
                 must
                 be
                 avoided
                 as
                 being
                 very
                 injurious
                 to
                 the
                 breast
                 ;
                 when
                 the
                 dissolution
                 is
                 over
                 ,
                 pour
                 upon
                 it
                 a
                 great
                 quantity
                 of
                 water
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 weaken
                 the
                 
                   Aqua
                   Regalis
                
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 the
                 whole
                 turns
                 into
                 a
                 milk
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 a
                 Precipitate
                 in
                 a
                 white
                 powder
                 falls
                 to
                 the
                 bottom
                 of
                 the
                 vessel
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 will
                 likewise
                 see
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 gray
                 scum
                 swim
                 upon
                 the
                 liquor
                 ,
                 which
                 you
                 must
                 gather
                 up
                 with
                 a
                 Spatule
                 ,
                 or
                 with
                 a
                 wooden
                 spoon
                 ,
                 and
                 dry
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 shade
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 sulphur
                 which
                 fires
                 like
                 common
                 sulphur
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 good
                 for
                 nothing
                 else
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 must
                 decant
                 the
                 water
                 from
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 and
                 washing
                 the
                 precipitated
                 powder
                 divers
                 times
                 ,
                 and
                 drying
                 it
                 ,
                 you
                 will
                 have
                 an
                 
                   Antimonium
                   diaphoreticum
                
                 that
                 may
                 be
                 used
                 as
                 the
                 former
                 ;
                 this
                 preparation
                 indeed
                 is
                 not
                 much
                 in
                 use
                 ,
                 but
                 many
                 do
                 prefer
                 it
                 before
                 all
                 the
                 others
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 Antimony
                 is
                 Calcined
                 by
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 as
                 through
                 a
                 Burning-Glass
                 ;
                 instead
                 of
                 losing
                 
                 its
                 weight
                 ,
                 as
                 one
                 would
                 think
                 it
                 should
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 evaporation
                 of
                 Sulphureous
                 parts
                 ,
                 it
                 does
                 increase
                 in
                 weight
                 :
                 which
                 shews
                 that
                 some
                 more
                 ponderous
                 bodies
                 have
                 succeeded
                 in
                 the
                 place
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 gone
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Flowers
               of
               Antimony
               .
            
             
               This
               preparation
               is
               the
               more
               volatile
               part
               of
               Antimony
               raised
               by
               fire
               .
            
             
               Fit
               the
               same
               pots
               I
               spoke
               of
               in
               the
               last
               Operation
               ,
               one
               upon
               another
               ;
               set
               them
               in
               the
               same
               Furnace
               ,
               and
               observe
               the
               same
               circumstances
               for
               their
               situation
               ,
               and
               for
               heating
               the
               lowermost
               .
               When
               its
               bottom
               is
               red-hot
               ,
               cast
               into
               it
               a
               small
               spoonful
               of
               Antimony
               in
               powder
               through
               the
               hole
               ,
               and
               stir
               the
               matter
               at
               the
               bottom
               of
               the
               pot
               with
               an
               Iron
               Spatule
               crooked
               a
               little
               on
               purpose
               to
               do
               it
               the
               better
               ;
               draw
               out
               your
               Spatule
               ,
               and
               stop
               the
               hole
               ,
               the
               flowers
               will
               rise
               and
               stick
               in
               the
               upper
               pots
               .
               Continue
               a
               great
               fire
               ,
               that
               the
               pot
               may
               still
               remain
               red-hot
               ,
               and
               when
               you
               see
               nothing
               more
               sublime
               ,
               cast
               in
               so
               much
               more
               Antimony
               ,
               observing
               to
               do
               what
               I
               have
               said
               .
               Repeat
               the
               casting
               it
               in
               through
               the
               hole
               ,
               till
               you
               have
               flowers
               enough
               .
               Then
               let
               the
               fire
               go
               out
               ,
               and
               when
               the
               vessels
               are
               cold
               ,
               unlute
               them
               ,
               you
               'l
               find
               flowers
               all
               about
               the
               three
               upper
               pots
               ,
               and
               the
               head
               ,
               gather
               them
               together
               with
               a
               Feather
               ,
               and
               keep
               them
               in
               a
               Viol.
               
            
             
               It
               is
               a
               powerful
               Emetick
               ;
               it
               is
               given
               in
               Quartan
               Agues
               ,
               and
               other
               Intermittent
               Feavers
               ,
               and
               also
               in
               the
               Epilepsie
               ;
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               two
               grains
               to
               six
               in
               Lozenges
               ,
               or
               Broth.
               
            
          
           
             
             
               Remarks
               .
            
             
               In
               this
               preparation
               ,
               as
               in
               the
               former
               ,
               you
               must
               leave
               room
               enough
               ;
               otherwise
               the
               flowers
               of
               Antimony
               being
               driven
               fiercely
               by
               the
               fire
               ,
               would
               be
               apt
               to
               break
               the
               vessel
               for
               want
               of
               room
               to
               move
               in
               .
               And
               this
               is
               the
               reason
               why
               many
               pots
               are
               here
               placed
               one
               upon
               another
               .
               There
               's
               no
               need
               of
               any
               Receiver
               ,
               because
               there
               is
               no
               liquor
               to
               fall
               into
               it
               ,
               so
               that
               a
               blind
               head
               may
               serve
               .
            
             
               At
               the
               bottom
               of
               the
               pot
               which
               contained
               the
               matter
               ,
               there
               remains
               a
               mass
               of
               the
               more
               terrestrious
               part
               of
               Antimony
               ,
               that
               must
               be
               flung
               away
               as
               being
               good
               for
               nothing
               .
            
             
               If
               the
               Flowers
               of
               Antimony
               do
               happen
               to
               be
               of
               different
               colours
               ,
               it
               is
               because
               the
               fire
               was
               not
               managed
               equally
               strong
               ;
               these
               Flowers
               are
               more
               Vomitive
               than
               the
               former
               ,
               because
               they
               have
               no
               Salt-peter
               in
               them
               .
            
          
           
             
               Red
               Flowers
               of
               Antimony
               .
            
             
               These
               Flowers
               are
               the
               more
               sulphureous
               part
               of
               Antimony
               rarefied
               and
               exalted
               by
               fire
               .
            
             
               Powder
               and
               mix
               well
               together
               four
               pounds
               of
               common
               glass
               with
               one
               pound
               of
               Antimony
               ,
               put
               this
               mixture
               into
               an
               earthen
               ,
               or
               glass
               Retort
               luted
               ,
               whose
               half
               is
               empty
               ;
               set
               it
               in
               a
               Reverberatory
               Furnace
               ,
               and
               fit
               to
               it
               a
               large
               Receiver
               ,
               lute
               the
               junctures
               lightly
               ,
               and
               give
               a
               little
               fire
               at
               first
               to
               warm
               the
               Retort
               ,
               then
               augment
               it
               by
               degrees
               ,
               
               and
               you
               'l
               see
               
                 Red
                 flowers
              
               come
               forth
               into
               the
               Receiver
               :
               continue
               the
               fire
               until
               no
               more
               can
               come
               ,
               which
               you
               'l
               know
               as
               you
               unlute
               the
               junctures
               ;
               and
               taking
               off
               the
               Receiver
               gather
               your
               Flowers
               ,
               and
               keep
               them
               for
               use
               .
               They
               are
               more
               Vomitive
               than
               the
               former
               ,
               and
               are
               given
               to
               the
               same
               intents
               :
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               two
               grains
               to
               four
               in
               a
               Lozenge
               ,
               or
               some
               appropriate
               liquor
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 That
                 which
                 makes
                 these
                 Flowers
                 more
                 Vomitive
                 than
                 the
                 former
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 more
                 terrestrious
                 or
                 fixt
                 part
                 of
                 
                 Antimony's
                 being
                 kept
                 from
                 rising
                 by
                 the
                 glass
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 what
                 is
                 exalted
                 by
                 the
                 fire
                 is
                 more
                 Sulphureous
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 more
                 Emetick
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 red
                 colour
                 of
                 these
                 Flowers
                 doth
                 proceed
                 from
                 the
                 abundance
                 of
                 Sulphurs
                 they
                 are
                 impregnated
                 with
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 said
                 that
                 glass
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 an
                 alkali
                 ,
                 acting
                 on
                 this
                 Sulphur
                 gives
                 it
                 this
                 colour
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 as
                 Quick-lime
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 alkali
                 Salt
                 of
                 Tartar
                 makes
                 common
                 Sulphur
                 turn
                 red
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 boiled
                 together
                 in
                 water
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 time
                 that
                 you
                 take
                 these
                 Flowers
                 of
                 Antimony
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 often
                 drink
                 broth
                 ,
                 both
                 to
                 facilitate
                 the
                 vomiting
                 ,
                 and
                 dull
                 the
                 great
                 activity
                 of
                 this
                 Remedy
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 is
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 strongest
                 vomits
                 that
                 is
                 in
                 Physick
                 .
                 But
                 because
                 it
                 sometimes
                 happens
                 that
                 this
                 Powder
                 sticking
                 in
                 the
                 membranes
                 of
                 the
                 stomach
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 of
                 its
                 folds
                 ,
                 doth
                 cause
                 a
                 continual
                 vomiting
                 ,
                 notwithstanding
                 the
                 frequent
                 use
                 of
                 broths
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 then
                 add
                 the
                 Cream
                 of
                 Tartar
                 ,
                 and
                 dissolve
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 broth
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 take
                 some
                 
                 spoonful
                 every
                 quarter
                 of
                 an
                 hour
                 .
                 This
                 Cream
                 of
                 Tartar
                 stops
                 the
                 vomiting
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 joyns
                 with
                 the
                 Sulphurs
                 of
                 Antimony
                 ,
                 and
                 fixes
                 them
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 precipitate
                 by
                 stool
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Butter
               ,
               or
               Icy
               Oil
               of
               Antimony
               .
            
             
               This
               preparation
               is
               an
               Antimony
               rendred
               caustick
               by
               acids
               .
            
             
               Powder
               ,
               and
               mix
               six
               ounces
               of
               the
               Regulus
               of
               Antimony
               ,
               with
               a
               pound
               of
               Sublimate
               Corrosive
               ;
               put
               this
               mixture
               into
               a
               glass
               Retort
               ,
               whose
               half
               remains
               empty
               ;
               set
               your
               Retort
               in
               Sand
               ,
               and
               after
               having
               fitted
               to
               it
               a
               Receiver
               ,
               and
               luted
               the
               conjunctions
               ,
               you
               must
               first
               make
               a
               small
               fire
               under
               it
               ,
               and
               there
               will
               distil
               a
               clear
               oil
               ;
               after
               that
               ,
               augment
               the
               fire
               a
               little
               ,
               and
               there
               will
               come
               forth
               a
               white
               thick
               liquor
               like
               Butter
               ,
               which
               would
               stop
               the
               neck
               of
               the
               Retort
               ,
               and
               break
               it
               ,
               if
               you
               did
               not
               take
               care
               to
               set
               live
               Coals
               near
               it
               ,
               that
               it
               may
               melt
               and
               run
               into
               the
               Receiver
               .
               Continue
               the
               fire
               ,
               until
               you
               see
               a
               red
               vapour
               come
               forth
               .
               Then
               take
               away
               the
               Receiver
               ,
               and
               put
               another
               in
               its
               place
               filled
               with
               water
               .
               Encrease
               the
               fire
               by
               degrees
               ,
               to
               make
               the
               Retort
               red-hot
               ,
               and
               the
               Mercury
               will
               run
               into
               the
               water
               ,
               dry
               it
               ,
               and
               keep
               it
               for
               use
               as
               other
               Mercury
               .
            
             
               The
               Butter
               of
               Antimony
               is
               a
               Caustick
               ,
               it
               eats
               proud
               flesh
               ,
               and
               cleanses
               Ulcers
               ;
               the
               Powder
               of
               Algarot
               is
               made
               of
               it
               ,
               as
               I
               shall
               shew
               hereafter
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               Remarks
               .
            
             
               This
               Butter
               of
               Antimony
               is
               nothing
               but
               a
               mixture
               of
               the
               acid
               Spirits
               of
               Sublimate
               Corrosive
               with
               the
               Regulus
               of
               Antimony
               ,
               and
               those
               Spirits
               are
               they
               that
               render
               it
               Caustick
               .
            
             
               The
               spirits
               of
               Salt
               and
               Vitriol
               in
               this
               operation
               do
               leave
               the
               Mercury
               to
               adhere
               unto
               the
               Antimony
               which
               is
               more
               porous
               ;
               insomuch
               that
               the
               Mercury
               being
               divested
               of
               that
               which
               kept
               it
               in
               a
               Crystalline
               form
               ,
               and
               being
               driven
               by
               a
               strong
               fire
               ,
               rarefies
               into
               vapours
               ,
               which
               pass
               through
               the
               neck
               of
               the
               Retort
               into
               the
               Receiver
               filled
               with
               water
               ,
               wherein
               it
               condenses
               into
               Quick-silver
               by
               means
               of
               the
               coolness
               .
            
             
               I
               doubt
               not
               but
               some
               will
               find
               difficulty
               in
               conceiving
               how
               the
               acids
               that
               adhered
               to
               the
               solid
               body
               of
               Mercury
               should
               strike
               off
               to
               joyn
               with
               the
               Antimony
               ;
               but
               it
               may
               be
               said
               to
               that
               ,
               that
               the
               acids
               being
               so
               many
               edges
               fastned
               at
               one
               end
               in
               the
               body
               of
               Mercury
               ,
               may
               by
               t'other
               end
               be
               separated
               and
               drawn
               off
               by
               the
               soft
               and
               ramous
               parts
               of
               the
               Antimony
               ,
               that
               are
               in
               greater
               motion
               than
               the
               Mercury
               .
            
             
               Instead
               of
               Regulus
               ,
               the
               Liver
               ,
               or
               Glass
               of
               Antimony
               might
               serve
               if
               you
               please
               .
            
          
           
             
               Butter
               of
               Antimony
               ,
               together
               with
               its
               Cinnabar
               .
            
             
               The
               first
               of
               these
               preparations
               is
               an
               Antimony
               opened
               ,
               and
               rendred
               caustick
               ,
               by
               the
               acids
               of
               Sublimate
               
               Corrosive
               ;
               and
               the
               second
               is
               a
               mixture
               of
               the
               Mercury
               that
               was
               in
               the
               sublimate
               ,
               and
               of
               the
               Sulphurs
               of
               Antimony
               sublimed
               together
               .
            
             
               Fill
               a
               Retort
               half
               full
               with
               Sublimate
               Corrosive
               ,
               and
               Antimony
               powdered
               and
               mixed
               well
               together
               .
               Set
               your
               Retort
               in
               Sand
               in
               a
               small
               Furnace
               ,
               and
               fitting
               a
               Receiver
               to
               it
               ,
               and
               luting
               the
               junctures
               ,
               proceed
               in
               the
               distillation
               the
               way
               I
               shewed
               in
               the
               preceding
               operation
               with
               Regulus
               ,
               observing
               the
               same
               circumstances
               .
            
             
               When
               the
               red
               vapours
               begin
               to
               appear
               ,
               take
               away
               the
               Receiver
               ,
               and
               put
               another
               in
               its
               place
               without
               luting
               the
               junctures
               ;
               encrease
               the
               fire
               by
               little
               and
               little
               till
               you
               make
               the
               Retort
               red-hot
               :
               continue
               it
               so
               three
               or
               four
               hours
               ,
               then
               let
               the
               Retort
               cool
               ,
               and
               break
               it
               ,
               you
               'l
               find
               a
               Cinnabar
               sublimed
               ,
               and
               adhering
               to
               the
               neck
               ,
               separate
               it
               and
               keep
               it
               :
               it
               is
               a
               good
               Remedy
               for
               the
               Pox
               ,
               and
               the
               Epilepsie
               ,
               it
               purges
               by
               sweat
               ,
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               six
               to
               fifteen
               grains
               in
               Pills
               ,
               or
               Bolus
               ,
               with
               some
               proper
               Conserve
               .
            
             
               This
               Butter
               of
               Antimony
               is
               Caustick
               like
               the
               other
               I
               now
               spoke
               of
               .
               It
               may
               be
               rectified
               by
               distilling
               it
               anew
               in
               a
               glass
               Retort
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 Receiver
                 are
                 found
                 little
                 crystals
                 sticking
                 to
                 its
                 sides
                 ,
                 which
                 do
                 curiously
                 represent
                 the
                 branches
                 of
                 trees
                 ;
                 these
                 figures
                 do
                 proceed
                 from
                 the
                 acid
                 spirits
                 of
                 sublimate
                 mixed
                 with
                 Antimony
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 have
                 used
                 five
                 ounces
                 of
                 Sublimate
                 Corrosive
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 of
                 Antimony
                 ,
                 you
                 'l
                 draw
                 two
                 
                 ounces
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 of
                 very
                 good
                 Butter
                 of
                 Antimony
                 ,
                 three
                 ounces
                 and
                 six
                 drachms
                 of
                 Cinnabar
                 of
                 Antimony
                 ,
                 and
                 half
                 an
                 ounce
                 of
                 Quick-silver
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 mass
                 which
                 remains
                 in
                 the
                 Retort
                 ,
                 does
                 weigh
                 two
                 ounces
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 .
              
               
                 Thus
                 the
                 matter
                 has
                 lost
                 six
                 drachms
                 ,
                 which
                 loss
                 happened
                 ,
                 whilst
                 the
                 Cinnabar
                 was
                 rising
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Quick-silver
                 is
                 found
                 in
                 the
                 neck
                 of
                 the
                 retort
                 with
                 the
                 Cinnabar
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 last
                 receiver
                 .
              
               
                 Sometimes
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 mossey
                 substance
                 is
                 found
                 at
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 neck
                 of
                 the
                 retort
                 ,
                 which
                 does
                 represent
                 many
                 little
                 figures
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 more
                 rarefied
                 Cinnabar
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 mass
                 which
                 is
                 found
                 at
                 bottom
                 of
                 the
                 retort
                 is
                 the
                 more
                 terrestrious
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Antimony
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 flung
                 away
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 preceding
                 operation
                 the
                 Mercury
                 did
                 not
                 find
                 sulphurs
                 enough
                 to
                 adhere
                 to
                 ,
                 whence
                 it
                 hapned
                 that
                 it
                 came
                 forth
                 flowing
                 ;
                 but
                 in
                 this
                 operation
                 wherein
                 crude
                 Antimony
                 is
                 used
                 ,
                 which
                 hath
                 all
                 its
                 sulphur
                 ,
                 whilst
                 the
                 Corrosive
                 spirits
                 sticking
                 to
                 the
                 Antimony
                 come
                 forth
                 in
                 Butter
                 ,
                 the
                 Mercury
                 joyns
                 with
                 the
                 sulphur
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 action
                 of
                 fire
                 sublimes
                 afterwards
                 into
                 Cinnabar
                 in
                 the
                 neck
                 of
                 the
                 retort
                 ;
                 for
                 to
                 make
                 
                   Cinnabar
                   ,
                   Sulphur
                
                 and
                 Mercury
                 must
                 be
                 sublimed
                 together
                 .
                 Now
                 if
                 you
                 have
                 the
                 curiosity
                 to
                 anatomise
                 Cinnabar
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 powder
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 mix
                 it
                 with
                 a
                 double
                 quantity
                 of
                 Salt
                 of
                 Tartar
                 ;
                 then
                 putting
                 it
                 into
                 a
                 Retort
                 ,
                 distil
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 fire
                 the
                 Mercury
                 into
                 a
                 Receiver
                 filled
                 with
                 water
                 ,
                 the
                 Sulphur
                 will
                 remain
                 in
                 the
                 Retort
                 with
                 the
                 Salt
                 of
                 Tartar
                 ,
                 but
                 may
                 be
                 separated
                 from
                 it
                 by
                 boiling
                 it
                 in
                 water
                 .
                 Filtrate
                 the
                 Decoction
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 pour
                 upon
                 it
                 distilled
                 
                 Vinegar
                 ;
                 a
                 gray
                 powder
                 will
                 precipitate
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 washed
                 with
                 water
                 and
                 dried
                 ,
                 thus
                 you
                 have
                 the
                 Sulphur
                 of
                 Antimony
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 much
                 esteemed
                 for
                 diseases
                 of
                 the
                 Breast
                 ,
                 six
                 or
                 eight
                 grains
                 of
                 it
                 are
                 given
                 for
                 a
                 dose
                 in
                 some
                 liquor
                 appropriate
                 to
                 the
                 disease
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 mix
                 Butter
                 of
                 Antimony
                 with
                 double
                 its
                 weight
                 of
                 oil
                 or
                 spirit
                 of
                 Sulphur
                 prepared
                 according
                 to
                 my
                 description
                 ,
                 you
                 will
                 have
                 a
                 liquor
                 that
                 is
                 good
                 for
                 foul
                 bones
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 venereal
                 ulcers
                 and
                 Chancres
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 applied
                 on
                 pledgets
                 ,
                 and
                 works
                 much
                 like
                 the
                 oil
                 or
                 liquor
                 of
                 Mercury
                 that
                 I
                 have
                 described
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               The
               Emetick
               powder
               of
               Algarot
               ,
               or
               ,
               
                 Mercurius
                 vitae
              
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               a
               Precipitate
               of
               Antimony
               ,
               or
               Butter
               of
               Antimony
               washed
               .
            
             
               Melt
               in
               hot
               sand
               the
               first
               butter
               of
               Antimony
               I
               described
               with
               Regulus
               ,
               and
               pour
               it
               into
               as
               earthen
               pan
               wherein
               are
               two
               or
               three
               quarts
               of
               warm
               water
               ,
               a
               white
               powder
               will
               precipitate
               ,
               that
               must
               be
               sweetned
               with
               many
               lotions
               ,
               and
               so
               kept
               ;
               it
               is
               improperly
               called
               
                 Mercurius
                 vitae
              
               .
               It
               purges
               upwards
               and
               downwards
               ;
               it
               is
               given
               in
               Quartans
               and
               Intermitting
               feavours
               ,
               and
               all
               the
               maladies
               wherein
               it
               is
               required
               to
               purge
               strongly
               ;
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               two
               grains
               to
               eight
               in
               Broth
               ,
               or
               some
               other
               convenient
               liquor
               .
            
             
               If
               you
               joyn
               all
               the
               lotions
               together
               ,
               and
               evaporate
               about
               two
               thirds
               ,
               or
               until
               the
               liquor
               becomes
               
               very
               acid
               ,
               you
               'l
               have
               a
               Philosophick
               spirit
               of
               Vitriol
               ,
               that
               may
               be
               used
               like
               common
               spirit
               of
               Vitriol
               in
               Juleps
               ,
               to
               give
               them
               an
               agreeable
               acidity
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 have
                 said
                 before
                 that
                 the
                 Butter
                 or
                 Icy
                 Oil
                 of
                 Antimony
                 was
                 nothing
                 but
                 a
                 mixture
                 of
                 the
                 spirits
                 of
                 Salt
                 and
                 Vitriol
                 with
                 the
                 Regulus
                 of
                 Antimony
                 .
                 This
                 last
                 operation
                 confirms
                 this
                 opinion
                 ,
                 because
                 when
                 this
                 Butter
                 is
                 cast
                 into
                 warm
                 water
                 ,
                 these
                 spirits
                 render
                 the
                 liquor
                 very
                 acid
                 ,
                 letting
                 the
                 Regulus
                 of
                 Antimony
                 fall
                 down
                 to
                 the
                 bottom
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 powder
                 of
                 Algarot
                 is
                 an
                 Antimony
                 transmuted
                 much
                 like
                 the
                 white
                 flowers
                 I
                 spoke
                 of
                 before
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 water
                 does
                 separate
                 or
                 take
                 off
                 very
                 well
                 the
                 acid
                 spirits
                 from
                 the
                 Butter
                 of
                 Antimony
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 cannot
                 have
                 a
                 good
                 hold
                 in
                 the
                 pores
                 of
                 this
                 softish
                 and
                 sulphureous
                 mineral
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 separate
                 those
                 same
                 acids
                 from
                 the
                 Sublimate
                 Corrosive
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 pores
                 of
                 Mercury
                 being
                 of
                 a
                 closer
                 fabrick
                 than
                 those
                 of
                 Antimony
                 ,
                 they
                 do
                 retain
                 what
                 they
                 once
                 receive
                 into
                 them
                 ,
                 with
                 greater
                 strength
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 powder
                 of
                 Algarot
                 may
                 be
                 made
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 as
                 the
                 Butter
                 that
                 may
                 be
                 drawn
                 from
                 crude
                 Antimony
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 with
                 the
                 Liver
                 ,
                 or
                 Glass
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 made
                 with
                 crude
                 Antimony
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 white
                 as
                 the
                 rest
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 do
                 use
                 four
                 ounces
                 of
                 Butter
                 of
                 Antimony
                 ,
                 you
                 will
                 draw
                 an
                 ounce
                 and
                 six
                 drachms
                 of
                 
                   Mercurius
                   vitae
                
                 ,
                 after
                 it
                 is
                 well
                 washed
                 and
                 dried
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 that
                 four
                 ounces
                 of
                 this
                 Butter
                 do
                 contain
                 
                 two
                 ounces
                 and
                 two
                 drachms
                 of
                 acid
                 spirit
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 its
                 corrosion
                 does
                 consist
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 acid
                 liquor
                 ,
                 called
                 Philosophick
                 spirit
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 ,
                 does
                 grow
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 insipid
                 in
                 length
                 of
                 time
                 ,
                 because
                 its
                 acidity
                 has
                 been
                 volatilized
                 by
                 the
                 Mercury
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 by
                 the
                 Antimony
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Bezoar
               Mineral
               .
            
             
               This
               preparation
               is
               an
               Antimony
               fixed
               by
               spirit
               of
               Niter
               ,
               and
               rendred
               sudorifick
               .
            
             
               Melt
               in
               hot
               ashes
               two
               ounces
               of
               the
               Butter
               of
               Antimony
               ,
               and
               pour
               it
               into
               a
               Viol
               or
               a
               Bolthead
               ,
               drop
               into
               it
               good
               spirit
               of
               Niter
               until
               the
               matter
               is
               perfectly
               dissolved
               ,
               commonly
               so
               much
               spirit
               of
               Niter
               is
               requisite
               as
               there
               is
               Butter
               of
               Antimony
               ;
               during
               the
               dissolution
               there
               will
               rise
               up
               vapours
               that
               you
               must
               have
               a
               care
               of
               ,
               and
               therefore
               will
               do
               well
               to
               place
               the
               vessel
               in
               the
               Chimney
               .
               Pour
               your
               solution
               into
               a
               glass
               body
               ,
               or
               an
               earthen
               dish
               ,
               and
               evaporate
               it
               in
               a
               gentle
               sand-fire
               until
               it
               is
               dry
               ;
               there
               will
               remain
               a
               white
               mass
               ,
               which
               you
               must
               let
               cool
               ,
               and
               then
               pour
               upon
               it
               two
               ounces
               of
               spirit
               of
               Niter
               ;
               set
               the
               vessel
               again
               in
               sand
               ,
               and
               evaporate
               the
               liquor
               as
               before
               ;
               once
               more
               pour
               two
               ounces
               of
               spirit
               of
               Niter
               on
               the
               white
               mass
               ,
               and
               having
               evaporated
               the
               humidity
               ,
               encrease
               the
               fire
               a
               little
               ,
               and
               Calcine
               the
               matter
               for
               half
               an
               hours
               time
               ,
               then
               take
               it
               off
               the
               fire
               ,
               and
               you
               have
               a
               white
               powder
               ,
               which
               you
               must
               keep
               in
               a
               Viol
               well
               stopt
               .
               It
               is
               sudorifick
               ,
               and
               serves
               for
               the
               same
               uses
               as
               
                 Antimonium
                 Diaphoreticum
              
               :
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               six
               to
               twenty
               grains
               ,
               in
               broth
               ,
               or
               some
               appropriate
               liquor
               .
            
             
               
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Spirits
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 and
                 Salt
                 were
                 not
                 strong
                 enough
                 ,
                 nor
                 in
                 quantity
                 enough
                 to
                 make
                 an
                 entire
                 dissolution
                 of
                 the
                 Antimony
                 ,
                 they
                 only
                 made
                 a
                 light
                 adhesion
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 but
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 joyned
                 with
                 spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 ,
                 they
                 act
                 with
                 much
                 more
                 force
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 penetrate
                 and
                 divide
                 every
                 particle
                 ,
                 and
                 do
                 render
                 them
                 imperceptible
                 ,
                 and
                 uncapable
                 of
                 receiving
                 a
                 more
                 exact
                 dissolution
                 .
                 Now
                 in
                 this
                 penetration
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 solution
                 of
                 Mercury
                 ,
                 there
                 happens
                 a
                 great
                 effervescency
                 ,
                 for
                 which
                 reason
                 I
                 advise
                 to
                 pour
                 the
                 spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 by
                 little
                 and
                 little
                 ,
                 for
                 fear
                 the
                 matter
                 should
                 rise
                 above
                 the
                 vessel
                 .
                 This
                 effervescency
                 doth
                 proceed
                 from
                 the
                 resistance
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 edges
                 of
                 the
                 spirits
                 do
                 meet
                 with
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 enter
                 into
                 the
                 pores
                 of
                 the
                 Antimony
                 :
                 for
                 so
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 dissolution
                 is
                 ended
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 further
                 Ebullition
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 the
                 humidity
                 is
                 evaporated
                 ,
                 and
                 new
                 spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 poured
                 twice
                 more
                 on
                 the
                 fixt
                 mass
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 said
                 ;
                 after
                 which
                 the
                 Butter
                 of
                 Antimony
                 that
                 was
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Caustick
                 ,
                 and
                 Emetick
                 ,
                 becomes
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 mildest
                 medicins
                 we
                 have
                 ,
                 and
                 near
                 approaching
                 the
                 preparation
                 of
                 Antimony
                 that
                 is
                 called
                 Diaphoretick
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 great
                 change
                 may
                 well
                 make
                 us
                 wonder
                 at
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 hard
                 to
                 conceive
                 how
                 an
                 acid
                 Corrosive
                 spirit
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 to
                 sweeten
                 a
                 matter
                 that
                 became
                 Caustick
                 only
                 for
                 being
                 impregnated
                 with
                 acid
                 spirits
                 .
              
               
               
                 To
                 give
                 this
                 difficulty
                 some
                 solution
                 ,
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Butter
                 of
                 Antimony
                 became
                 Caustick
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 the
                 acids
                 which
                 it
                 contained
                 did
                 but
                 superficially
                 adhere
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 so
                 adapted
                 that
                 the
                 motion
                 of
                 the
                 Antimonial
                 parts
                 did
                 serve
                 them
                 for
                 a
                 vehicle
                 to
                 distribute
                 their
                 keenness
                 as
                 they
                 did
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 after
                 the
                 solution
                 ,
                 the
                 acids
                 being
                 in
                 great
                 quantity
                 ,
                 do
                 fix
                 the
                 Antimony
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 only
                 destroy
                 its
                 aptitude
                 to
                 motion
                 ,
                 but
                 do
                 so
                 sheath
                 or
                 lock
                 themselves
                 in
                 the
                 pliant
                 sulphureous
                 parts
                 of
                 this
                 mixt
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 lose
                 thereby
                 all
                 their
                 corrosion
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 evaporation
                 ,
                 abundance
                 of
                 the
                 sulphurs
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 Butter
                 of
                 Antimony
                 ,
                 are
                 lost
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 powder
                 is
                 called
                 
                   Bezoar
                   Mineral
                
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 causes
                 Sweat
                 ,
                 like
                 the
                 Bezoar
                 stone
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 must
                 know
                 that
                 these
                 preparations
                 are
                 nothing
                 but
                 so
                 many
                 transformations
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Regulus
                   of
                   Antimony
                
                 ,
                 made
                 by
                 acid
                 spirits
                 or
                 by
                 fire
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 by
                 Fusion
                 ,
                 or
                 by
                 the
                 means
                 of
                 some
                 reductive
                 salt
                 ,
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 recovered
                 into
                 Regulus
                 again
                 ,
                 by
                 destroying
                 those
                 salts
                 which
                 kept
                 them
                 under
                 this
                 form
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Caustick
               Oil
               of
               Antimony
               .
            
             
               This
               preparation
               is
               a
               portion
               of
               Antimony
               dissolved
               in
               the
               acid
               spirits
               of
               salt
               and
               vitriol
               .
            
             
               Put
               into
               a
               glass
               retort
               six
               ounces
               of
               Antimony
               finely
               powdered
               ,
               pour
               upon
               it
               four
               ounces
               of
               good
               spirit
               of
               salt
               ,
               and
               the
               same
               quantity
               of
               the
               Caustick
               Oil
               of
               Vitriol
               ,
               shake
               and
               mingle
               them
               all
               together
               ,
               and
               stopping
               the
               retort
               ,
               set
               it
               in
               sand
               ,
               
               with
               the
               nose
               upwards
               ,
               give
               it
               a
               small
               digesting
               fire
               for
               four
               and
               twenty
               hours
               ,
               then
               turn
               the
               nose
               downward
               ,
               and
               when
               you
               have
               unstopt
               it
               ,
               fit
               to
               it
               a
               glass
               receiver
               ,
               lute
               the
               junctures
               with
               a
               wet
               bladder
               ;
               make
               a
               little
               fire
               gradually
               to
               the
               second
               degree
               ,
               and
               there
               will
               distil
               a
               whitish
               liquor
               ;
               increase
               it
               a
               little
               at
               last
               ,
               and
               continue
               it
               until
               nothing
               more
               comes
               forth
               into
               the
               receiver
               .
               Let
               the
               vessels
               cool
               ,
               and
               unlute
               them
               ,
               keep
               what
               you
               find
               in
               the
               receiver
               well
               stopt
               in
               a
               bottle
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               an
               Escharotick
               liquor
               ,
               and
               will
               serve
               to
               open
               Venereal
               Shancres
               ,
               to
               eat
               proud
               flesh
               ,
               to
               cleanse
               old
               ulcers
               ,
               to
               use
               in
               carious
               bones
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               gangrene
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Retort
                 must
                 be
                 big
                 enough
                 for
                 at
                 least
                 half
                 to
                 remain
                 empty
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 vapours
                 may
                 find
                 room
                 enough
                 for
                 their
                 rarefactio
                 〈…〉
              
               
                 I
                 put
                 the
                 whole
                 in
                 digestion
                 four
                 and
                 twenty
                 hours
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 acids
                 may
                 have
                 time
                 to
                 open
                 the
                 Antimony
                 .
                 If
                 I
                 should
                 add
                 unto
                 this
                 mixture
                 eight
                 or
                 ten
                 ounces
                 of
                 spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 ,
                 the
                 Antimony
                 would
                 dissolve
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 ebullition
                 ,
                 because
                 those
                 three
                 sorts
                 of
                 acid
                 spirits
                 would
                 together
                 make
                 an
                 
                   Aqua
                   Regalis
                
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 Antimony
                 is
                 easily
                 dissolved
                 ,
                 but
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 need
                 of
                 making
                 so
                 exact
                 a
                 dissolution
                 for
                 this
                 operation
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 liquor
                 is
                 improperly
                 called
                 oil
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 is
                 nothing
                 but
                 a
                 solution
                 of
                 Antimony
                 by
                 acid
                 spirits
                 .
                 It
                 differs
                 from
                 the
                 Icy
                 Oil
                 of
                 Antimony
                 only
                 in
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 contains
                 more
                 phlegm
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 acids
                 
                 of
                 sublimate
                 corrosive
                 have
                 no
                 aqueous
                 moisture
                 to
                 dilute
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 there
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 acids
                 we
                 do
                 here
                 use
                 .
              
               
                 With
                 this
                 Oil
                 may
                 be
                 made
                 the
                 powder
                 of
                 Algarot
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 as
                 with
                 the
                 Butter
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 then
                 it
                 would
                 not
                 be
                 so
                 white
                 .
                 This
                 liquor
                 might
                 be
                 likewise
                 used
                 for
                 the
                 making
                 
                   Bezoar
                   Mineral
                
                 .
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 being
                 poured
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 there
                 rises
                 an
                 ebullition
                 ,
                 as
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 poured
                 on
                 Butter
                 of
                 Antimony
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Oil
                 of
                 Antimony
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 Escharotick
                 as
                 the
                 butter
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 contains
                 more
                 phlegm
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 also
                 more
                 easie
                 to
                 use
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 its
                 liquidity
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Another
               Oil
               of
               Antimony
               .
            
             
               This
               preparation
               is
               a
               solution
               of
               some
               parts
               of
               Antimony
               ,
               by
               the
               acid
               spirit
               ,
               and
               oil
               of
               Sugar
               .
            
             
               Take
               equal
               parts
               of
               Antimtny
               and
               Sugar
               Candy
               ,
               powder
               them
               and
               mix
               them
               ,
               put
               this
               mixture
               into
               a
               glass
               retort
               large
               ●●●ugh
               for
               the
               matter
               to
               fill
               but
               a
               third
               part
               or
               it
               ;
               set
               your
               retort
               in
               sand
               ,
               and
               fit
               a
               receiver
               to
               it
               ,
               give
               a
               gentle
               fire
               for
               the
               first
               hours
               to
               distil
               off
               a
               phlegmatick
               water
               ;
               and
               when
               red
               drops
               begin
               to
               come
               forth
               ,
               fling
               away
               that
               which
               is
               fall'n
               into
               the
               receiver
               ;
               then
               refitting
               it
               ,
               lute
               the
               conjunctions
               ,
               and
               make
               the
               fire
               a
               little
               stronger
               ,
               but
               manage
               it
               prudently
               ;
               for
               otherwise
               the
               matter
               will
               rarefie
               and
               run
               into
               the
               receiver
               in
               substance
               ,
               so
               that
               you
               'l
               be
               forced
               to
               begin
               the
               Operation
               anew
               ;
               continue
               the
               fire
               until
               nothing
               more
               comes
               forth
               ;
               and
               when
               the
               vessels
               are
               cold
               ,
               take
               and
               keep
               what
               you
               find
               in
               the
               receiver
               .
            
             
             
               This
               liquor
               is
               
                 Oil
                 of
                 Antimony
              
               It
               is
               proper
               to
               cleanse
               Ulcers
               with
               ,
               and
               for
               Tettars
               and
               Itchings
               which
               infect
               the
               skin
               .
               If
               it
               proves
               too
               sharp
               ,
               you
               may
               temper
               and
               qualifie
               it
               with
               the
               water
               of
               honey
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Sugar
                 contains
                 an
                 essential
                 acid
                 salt
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 oil
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 mixed
                 with
                 a
                 portion
                 of
                 the
                 sulphurs
                 of
                 Antimony
                 ,
                 do
                 make
                 an
                 oily
                 liquor
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 sweet
                 taste
                 of
                 Sugar
                 does
                 proceed
                 from
                 a
                 natural
                 mixture
                 of
                 this
                 acid
                 with
                 the
                 oil
                 ,
                 for
                 if
                 you
                 separate
                 these
                 two
                 substances
                 one
                 from
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 neither
                 of
                 the
                 two
                 will
                 prove
                 at
                 all
                 sweet
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Oil
                 all
                 alone
                 is
                 insipid
                 upon
                 the
                 tongue
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 makes
                 little
                 or
                 no
                 impression
                 on
                 the
                 nerve
                 that
                 serves
                 for
                 tasting
                 ,
                 but
                 when
                 the
                 acid
                 is
                 intirely
                 mixed
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 the
                 edges
                 of
                 this
                 acid
                 do
                 serve
                 for
                 a
                 vehicle
                 to
                 the
                 oil
                 to
                 make
                 it
                 penetrate
                 ,
                 and
                 tickle
                 superficially
                 the
                 nerve
                 ,
                 whereby
                 the
                 sense
                 of
                 tasting
                 is
                 produced
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 acids
                 therefore
                 being
                 alone
                 ,
                 do
                 become
                 incisive
                 ,
                 and
                 prick
                 the
                 tongue
                 by
                 their
                 edges
                 ,
                 but
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 dulled
                 and
                 blunted
                 by
                 the
                 ramous
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Oil
                 ,
                 then
                 they
                 have
                 another
                 sort
                 of
                 determination
                 ,
                 and
                 can
                 no
                 longer
                 pierce
                 the
                 nerve
                 of
                 tasting
                 but
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 tenderness
                 ,
                 and
                 gentleness
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             X.
             
               Of
               Arsenick
            
             .
          
           
             ARsenick
             is
             a
             Mineral
             Body
             consisting
             of
             much
             Sulphur
             ,
             and
             some
             Caustick
             salts
             ,
             There
             are
             three
             sorts
             of
             it
             ,
             the
             White
             that
             keeps
             the
             name
             of
             Arsenick
             ,
             the
             Yellow
             called
             Auripigmentum
             ,
             or
             Yellow
             Orpin
             ,
             and
             the
             Red
             called
             Realgal
             ,
             or
             Sandaracha
             ;
             the
             White
             is
             the
             strongest
             of
             all
             ,
             and
             is
             sometimes
             transparent
             like
             crystal
             .
             Some
             do
             add
             to
             these
             for
             a
             fourth
             kind
             of
             Arsenick
             ,
             a
             Yellow
             Arsenick
             ,
             which
             is
             an
             Orpin
             differing
             from
             the
             other
             only
             in
             this
             ,
             that
             it
             is
             not
             so
             transparent
             ,
             nor
             of
             so
             high
             a
             colour
             .
          
           
             None
             of
             these
             Arsenicks
             may
             be
             given
             inwardly
             ,
             although
             several
             persons
             that
             have
             ventur'd
             to
             use
             the
             white
             ,
             do
             pretend
             to
             have
             cured
             with
             it
             divers
             diseases
             ,
             and
             among
             others
             the
             Quartan-Ague
             .
             They
             venture
             to
             give
             of
             it
             as
             far
             as
             four
             grains
             ,
             in
             a
             great
             deal
             of
             water
             ,
             and
             after
             that
             manner
             it
             will
             Vomit
             ,
             like
             Antimony
             .
             But
             I
             can
             by
             no
             means
             allow
             of
             this
             Febrifuge
             ,
             and
             would
             never
             advise
             any
             body
             to
             use
             so
             dangerous
             a
             Remedy
             .
             Nature
             doth
             furnish
             us
             with
             Medicins
             enough
             of
             Conscience
             to
             provoke
             Vomiting
             without
             recourse
             to
             Arsenick
             .
             It
             is
             used
             outwardly
             with
             sufficient
             success
             ,
             because
             it
             eats
             proud
             flesh
             .
          
           
             People
             sometimes
             cover
             the
             Corns
             of
             their
             feet
             with
             Arsenick
             in
             powder
             ,
             and
             it
             eats
             them
             to
             the
             
             root
             without
             any
             pain
             ,
             but
             they
             must
             be
             sure
             to
             cover
             the
             adjacent
             flesh
             with
             a
             plaister
             of
             Diapalma
             ,
             after
             the
             same
             manner
             as
             when
             Causticks
             are
             applied
             .
          
           
             
               Regulus
               of
               Arsenick
               .
            
             
               This
               preparation
               is
               the
               more
               fixt
               and
               compact
               part
               of
               Arsenick
               .
            
             
               Powder
               and
               mix
               together
               a
               pound
               of
               Arsenick
               with
               six
               ounces
               of
               gravelled
               Ashes
               ,
               incorporate
               this
               powder
               in
               a
               pound
               of
               soft
               soap
               ,
               and
               make
               a
               paste
               of
               it
               ,
               put
               it
               in
               a
               great
               Crucible
               ,
               and
               cover
               it
               with
               an
               earthen
               cover
               ,
               that
               hath
               a
               hole
               in
               the
               middle
               ;
               set
               your
               Crucible
               in
               a
               wind-furnace
               ,
               and
               give
               a
               little
               fire
               at
               first
               ,
               then
               augment
               it
               gradually
               ,
               that
               the
               matter
               may
               be
               in
               a
               clear
               fusion
               :
               throw
               it
               into
               a
               mortar
               greas'd
               at
               the
               bottom
               ,
               or
               into
               a
               Culot
               ,
               strike
               it
               round
               about
               a
               little
               with
               pincers
               ,
               and
               let
               the
               matter
               cool
               ,
               then
               knock
               it
               out
               ,
               you
               'l
               find
               in
               the
               bottom
               of
               the
               mortar
               a
               
                 Regulus
                 of
                 Arsenick
              
               ,
               separate
               it
               from
               the
               dross
               .
               It
               is
               not
               so
               Corrosive
               as
               Arsenick
               it self
               ,
               and
               its
               effect
               is
               milder
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 soap
                 being
                 full
                 of
                 an
                 alkali
                 salt
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 gravelled
                 Ashes
                 do
                 correct
                 or
                 fix
                 the
                 great
                 activity
                 of
                 the
                 sulphurs
                 of
                 Arsenick
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 hole
                 is
                 made
                 in
                 the
                 cover
                 that
                 the
                 more
                 volatile
                 part
                 may
                 sublime
                 with
                 the
                 Oil
                 and
                 humidity
                 that
                 are
                 in
                 the
                 Soap
                 ,
                 the
                 alkali
                 salts
                 do
                 remain
                 in
                 
                 the
                 dross
                 with
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 more
                 gross
                 sulphurs
                 of
                 Arsenick
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 Curiosity
                 you
                 should
                 boil
                 the
                 dross
                 in
                 water
                 ,
                 Filtrate
                 the
                 decoction
                 ,
                 and
                 pour
                 Vinegar
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 other
                 acid
                 ,
                 to
                 break
                 the
                 force
                 of
                 the
                 alkali's
                 ,
                 a
                 Sulphur
                 of
                 Arsenick
                 will
                 precipitate
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 stronger
                 than
                 Arsenick
                 it self
                 .
              
               
                 Arsenick
                 being
                 compounded
                 of
                 abundance
                 of
                 sulphurs
                 ,
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 quick
                 in
                 its
                 operation
                 as
                 Sublimate
                 Corrosive
                 ,
                 because
                 these
                 sulphurs
                 do
                 not
                 knaw
                 so
                 fast
                 as
                 the
                 acid
                 salts
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 Arsenick
                 should
                 happen
                 to
                 be
                 taken
                 inwardly
                 through
                 any
                 mistake
                 ,
                 the
                 person
                 may
                 still
                 be
                 saved
                 half
                 an
                 hour
                 afterwards
                 ,
                 by
                 swallowing
                 good
                 store
                 of
                 warm
                 oil
                 ,
                 to
                 Vomit
                 and
                 Purge
                 ;
                 after
                 that
                 he
                 must
                 be
                 purged
                 with
                 Cassia
                 ,
                 and
                 Salt
                 of
                 Tartar
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 must
                 often
                 drink
                 Salt
                 of
                 Tartar
                 in
                 Broths
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 any
                 sulphur
                 should
                 chance
                 to
                 remain
                 ,
                 it
                 might
                 be
                 fixed
                 by
                 this
                 Salt
                 ;
                 for
                 when
                 Arsenick
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 body
                 raises
                 and
                 rarefies
                 the
                 sulphurs
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Sublimate
               of
               Arsenick
               .
            
             
               This
               operation
               is
               an
               Arsenick
               corrected
               from
               its
               more
               malignant
               sulphurs
               ,
               and
               raised
               by
               the
               means
               of
               fire
               to
               the
               top
               of
               a
               matrass
               .
            
             
               Put
               what
               quantity
               you
               please
               of
               Arsenick
               grosly
               powdered
               into
               a
               Crucible
               ,
               set
               it
               in
               a
               small
               fire
               under
               the
               Chimney
               to
               Calcine
               and
               evaporate
               about
               the
               third
               part
               of
               the
               matter
               .
               Avoid
               as
               much
               as
               may
               be
               this
               malignous
               vapour
               ,
               pour
               into
               a
               mortar
               that
               which
               remains
               ,
               and
               when
               you
               have
               powdered
               
               it
               ,
               weigh
               it
               ,
               and
               mix
               it
               with
               an
               equal
               quantity
               of
               
                 Salt
                 Decrepitated
              
               :
               put
               this
               mixture
               into
               a
               matrass
               ,
               whose
               two
               thirds
               remain
               empty
               ;
               set
               your
               matrass
               in
               sand
               in
               a
               small
               Furnace
               ,
               and
               making
               a
               little
               fire
               at
               first
               ,
               encrease
               it
               by
               little
               and
               little
               to
               the
               third
               degree
               ,
               in
               order
               to
               Sublime
               the
               Arsenick
               :
               continue
               it
               in
               this
               condition
               until
               there
               rises
               no
               more
               ,
               the
               operation
               is
               ended
               in
               five
               or
               six
               hours
               ,
               let
               the
               vessel
               cool
               ,
               and
               break
               it
               ,
               gather
               that
               which
               sticks
               to
               the
               top
               of
               the
               matrass
               ,
               and
               keep
               it
               ,
               fling
               away
               that
               which
               remains
               at
               bottom
               .
            
             
               If
               you
               should
               repeat
               the
               Sublimation
               four
               or
               five
               times
               ,
               adding
               salt
               each
               time
               ,
               a
               sweet
               Sublimate
               of
               Arsenick
               would
               be
               made
               ,
               that
               is
               to
               say
               ,
               abundantly
               less
               corrosive
               than
               common
               Arsenick
               .
            
             
               Some
               Authors
               tell
               us
               that
               this
               sweet
               Arsenick
               is
               a
               Counterpoison
               ,
               but
               I
               shall
               never
               think
               it
               convenient
               to
               trust
               to
               such
               an
               Antidote
               ,
               seeing
               we
               don't
               want
               those
               that
               are
               safer
               .
            
             
               The
               Sublimate
               of
               Arsenick
               eats
               proud
               flesh
               ,
               and
               cleanses
               old
               Ulcers
               ,
               being
               mixed
               with
               the
               common
               Suppurative
               ,
               and
               Aegyptiacum
               .
            
             
               The
               same
               Operation
               may
               be
               performed
               with
               Orpin
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Arsenick
                 is
                 Calcined
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 the
                 more
                 volatile
                 part
                 may
                 fly
                 away
                 in
                 fumes
                 ;
                 if
                 you
                 should
                 continue
                 the
                 fire
                 ,
                 and
                 encrease
                 it
                 toward
                 the
                 end
                 ,
                 every
                 jot
                 of
                 the
                 Arsenick
                 would
                 fly
                 away
                 .
                 Some
                 do
                 sublime
                 it
                 without
                 addition
                 of
                 any
                 thing
                 else
                 ,
                 after
                 it
                 is
                 Calcined
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 is
                 better
                 
                 joyn
                 some
                 body
                 that
                 may
                 fix
                 it
                 a
                 little
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 Salt.
                 
              
               
                 Seeing
                 the
                 sublimate
                 of
                 Arsenick
                 doth
                 resemble
                 sublimate
                 Corrosive
                 in
                 colour
                 ,
                 some
                 Cheats
                 do
                 falsifie
                 sublimate
                 Corrosive
                 by
                 mixing
                 with
                 it
                 that
                 of
                 Arsenick
                 .
                 I
                 have
                 shewn
                 the
                 way
                 to
                 discover
                 this
                 imposture
                 in
                 the
                 Chapter
                 of
                 sublimate
                 Corrosive
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Salt
                 Decrepitated
                 does
                 six
                 the
                 great
                 volatility
                 of
                 Arsenick
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 fire
                 carries
                 off
                 some
                 of
                 its
                 more
                 active
                 sulphurs
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 that
                 the
                 oftner
                 it
                 is
                 sublimed
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 it
                 does
                 dulcify
                 ,
                 and
                 becomes
                 proper
                 to
                 apply
                 to
                 flesh
                 ,
                 where
                 we
                 would
                 gently
                 corrode
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 sublime
                 Arsenick
                 alone
                 in
                 a
                 bolthead
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 fire
                 ,
                 without
                 having
                 Calcined
                 it
                 at
                 all
                 before
                 ,
                 the
                 sublimate
                 will
                 be
                 converted
                 into
                 a
                 glass
                 ,
                 much
                 resembling
                 common
                 glass
                 both
                 in
                 colour
                 and
                 transparency
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Caustick
               Arsenick
               .
            
             
               This
               operation
               is
               an
               Arsenick
               rendred
               more
               fixt
               ,
               and
               more
               burning
               than
               it
               was
               before
               ,
               and
               in
               form
               of
               a
               Calx
               ,
               by
               the
               means
               of
               fixt
               salts
               .
            
             
               Powder
               and
               mix
               together
               a
               pound
               of
               Arsenick
               ,
               so
               much
               Salt-peter
               ,
               and
               half
               a
               pound
               of
               Sulphur
               ;
               put
               this
               mixture
               into
               an
               Iron
               mortar
               ,
               cover
               it
               with
               a
               Cover
               that
               hath
               a
               hole
               in
               't
               ;
               thrust
               a
               red-hot
               Iron
               ,
               or
               a
               lighted
               coal
               ,
               through
               the
               hole
               ,
               the
               powder
               will
               take
               fire
               with
               a
               great
               noise
               called
               detonation
               ;
               this
               noise
               being
               over
               ,
               and
               the
               matter
               cold
               ,
               powder
               it
               grosly
               ,
               and
               calcine
               it
               in
               a
               
               covered
               Crucible
               for
               two
               hours
               time
               over
               a
               great
               fire
               ,
               then
               let
               it
               cool
               ,
               and
               you
               'l
               have
               a
               Caustick
               matter
               that
               you
               must
               break
               into
               little
               pieces
               ,
               and
               stop
               close
               in
               a
               Bottle
               to
               use
               as
               common
               Causticks
               .
            
             
               If
               you
               set
               it
               in
               a
               Cellar
               ,
               or
               other
               moist
               place
               it
               dissolves
               into
               a
               liquor
               ,
               like
               the
               salt
               of
               Tartar.
               
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 great
                 detonation
                 proceeds
                 from
                 the
                 flagration
                 of
                 common
                 sulphur
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 of
                 Arsenick
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 violently
                 driven
                 about
                 by
                 the
                 volatile
                 part
                 of
                 Salt-peter
                 finds
                 a
                 little
                 hole
                 to
                 fly
                 out
                 at
                 .
                 The
                 more
                 fixt
                 part
                 of
                 Arsenick
                 remains
                 at
                 bottom
                 with
                 the
                 fixt
                 salt-peter
                 .
                 The
                 matter
                 is
                 Calcined
                 again
                 ,
                 that
                 being
                 the
                 more
                 open
                 ,
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 the
                 more
                 Caustick
                 ;
                 but
                 this
                 must
                 be
                 done
                 in
                 a
                 covered
                 Crucible
                 ;
                 for
                 otherwise
                 the
                 Arsenick
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 almost
                 all
                 of
                 it
                 sulphur
                 ,
                 would
                 fly
                 quite
                 away
                 by
                 the
                 great
                 fire
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Corrosive
               Oil
               of
               Arsenick
               .
            
             
               This
               liquor
               is
               an
               Arsenick
               opened
               ,
               and
               become
               of
               the
               consistence
               of
               butter
               ,
               by
               the
               acids
               of
               sublimate
               Corrosive
               .
            
             
               Take
               equal
               parts
               of
               Arsenick
               ,
               and
               Sublimate
               Corrosive
               ,
               powder
               and
               mix
               them
               ,
               put
               this
               mixture
               into
               a
               glass-retort
               ,
               and
               set
               it
               in
               sand
               ;
               fit
               to
               it
               a
               Receiver
               ,
               and
               luting
               the
               junctures
               ,
               distil
               with
               a
               gentle
               fire
               a
               butter-like
               liquor
               ,
               resembling
               the
               butter
               of
               Antimony
               ;
               and
               when
               no
               more
               will
               distil
               ,
               
               take
               away
               the
               Receiver
               ,
               and
               put
               another
               in
               its
               place
               filled
               with
               water
               .
               Encrease
               the
               fire
               ,
               and
               you
               'l
               see
               the
               Mercury
               fall
               into
               the
               water
               drop
               by
               drop
               ;
               continue
               the
               distillation
               till
               there
               comes
               no
               more
               .
            
             
               You
               may
               use
               this
               Mercury
               on
               all
               occasions
               ,
               like
               to
               another
               ,
               after
               you
               have
               washed
               and
               dried
               it
               .
            
             
               The
               Butter
               of
               Arsenick
               is
               a
               very
               strong
               Caustick
               ,
               it
               makes
               an
               Eschar
               more
               quickly
               than
               that
               of
               Antimony
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 same
                 thing
                 happens
                 in
                 this
                 operation
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 spoke
                 of
                 in
                 the
                 Butter
                 of
                 Antimony
                 :
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 the
                 Spirits
                 of
                 Sublimate
                 Corrosive
                 do
                 leave
                 the
                 Mercury
                 to
                 joyn
                 with
                 the
                 Arsenick
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 draw
                 along
                 with
                 them
                 in
                 a
                 gummous
                 liquor
                 :
                 the
                 Mercury
                 being
                 afterwards
                 disengaged
                 ,
                 and
                 finding
                 no
                 sulphurs
                 to
                 fix
                 it
                 ,
                 comes
                 forth
                 in
                 a
                 vapour
                 ,
                 and
                 condenses
                 into
                 water
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             XI
             .
             
               Of
               Quick-lime
            
             .
          
           
             QVick-lime
             is
             a
             Stone
             ,
             whose
             moisture
             the
             fire
             hath
             quite
             dried
             up
             ,
             and
             brought
             into
             its
             place
             a
             great
             many
             igneous
             bodies
             .
             It
             is
             these
             little
             bodies
             that
             cause
             the
             Ebullition
             ,
             when
             water
             hath
             opened
             the
             matter
             that
             kept
             them
             inclosed
             :
             and
             this
             Ebullition
             lasts
             until
             all
             the
             parts
             of
             the
             Lime
             are
             dilated
             ,
             and
             the
             fiery
             particles
             set
             at
             liberty
             ,
             so
             that
             there
             is
             no
             need
             of
             further
             trouble
             to
             get
             out
             .
             These
             little
             igneous
             bodies
             do
             likewise
             render
             the
             Lime
             Corrosive
             ,
             for
             the
             stone
             is
             not
             at
             all
             so
             of
             it self
             .
          
           
             When
             the
             stone
             ,
             that
             Quick-lime
             is
             made
             of
             ,
             is
             grown
             red
             hot
             in
             the
             Furnaces
             ,
             the
             Workmen
             have
             a
             special
             care
             to
             keep
             up
             the
             fire
             at
             an
             equal
             height
             ,
             until
             the
             stone
             is
             quite
             Calcin'd
             ;
             for
             if
             the
             flame
             which
             has
             begun
             to
             burn
             among
             the
             stones
             ,
             should
             be
             suffered
             to
             lessen
             for
             a
             while
             ,
             and
             so
             the
             heat
             be
             checkt
             before
             the
             end
             of
             the
             work
             ,
             they
             would
             never
             afterwards
             be
             able
             to
             make
             Quick-lime
             with
             those
             stones
             any
             more
             ,
             though
             they
             should
             be
             at
             the
             charge
             of
             burning
             fifty
             times
             as
             much
             wood
             as
             is
             commonly
             required
             ;
             and
             this
             ,
             because
             in
             that
             interval
             of
             heat
             ,
             the
             pores
             of
             the
             stone
             ,
             which
             were
             begun
             to
             be
             opened
             ,
             do
             close
             and
             shut
             ,
             and
             the
             matter
             sinks
             down
             in
             a
             lump
             to
             the
             destruction
             of
             the
             whole
             .
             And
             then
             again
             the
             flame
             
             can't
             rise
             in
             it
             any
             more
             ,
             for
             it
             finds
             none
             of
             those
             interstices
             ,
             or
             spaces
             between
             ,
             which
             were
             frequent
             before
             ,
             for
             it
             to
             pass
             through
             .
             The
             matter
             therefore
             is
             rendred
             uncapable
             of
             receiving
             the
             fire
             any
             more
             ,
             because
             all
             the
             small
             cells
             that
             were
             useful
             for
             its
             reception
             ,
             are
             shut
             up
             and
             destroyed
             in
             this
             confusion
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             objected
             ,
             that
             if
             igneous
             bodies
             were
             they
             that
             caused
             the
             Corrosion
             of
             
               Quick-lime
               ,
               Tiles
               ,
               Bricks
            
             ,
             and
             all
             stones
             that
             are
             not
             of
             the
             nature
             of
             Lime-stone
             ,
             and
             
               Iron
               ,
               Copper
               ,
               Silver
               ,
               Gold
               ,
            
             and
             many
             other
             bodies
             should
             be
             as
             Caustick
             as
             Quick-lime
             ,
             after
             having
             endured
             the
             fire
             as
             long
             if
             not
             longer
             than
             it
             .
          
           
             But
             this
             does
             not
             follow
             ,
             for
             Tiles
             ,
             and
             other
             Calcined
             stones
             have
             not
             the
             pores
             disposed
             like
             those
             of
             Quick-lime
             ,
             to
             retain
             fiery
             particles
             ;
             and
             if
             some
             metals
             are
             found
             impregnated
             with
             them
             during
             their
             Calcination
             ,
             they
             are
             known
             to
             retain
             them
             so
             well
             by
             the
             solidity
             of
             their
             parts
             ,
             that
             neither
             the
             heat
             nor
             moisture
             of
             the
             flesh
             are
             able
             to
             draw
             them
             out
             of
             the
             places
             they
             are
             fixt
             in
             ,
             to
             cause
             a
             Corrosion
             upon
             the
             part
             .
             It
             is
             easie
             here
             to
             give
             you
             an
             example
             ;
             for
             if
             you
             take
             the
             Calx
             of
             Lead
             that
             encreased
             its
             weight
             in
             the
             Calcination
             ,
             as
             I
             have
             said
             before
             ,
             and
             steep
             it
             in
             water
             ,
             the
             water
             will
             not
             act
             at
             all
             upon
             it
             ,
             and
             the
             Calx
             may
             be
             taken
             from
             the
             water
             in
             the
             same
             weight
             it
             was
             put
             in
             ;
             you
             must
             melt
             it
             by
             fire
             ,
             if
             you
             would
             separate
             the
             igneous
             bodies
             :
             but
             now
             as
             for
             common
             Quick-lime
             ,
             a
             small
             matter
             of
             moisture
             is
             able
             to
             separate
             the
             tender
             parts
             of
             the
             stone
             ,
             and
             drive
             out
             the
             fiery
             particles
             in
             abundance
             .
          
           
           
             It
             is
             said
             likewise
             that
             the
             ebullition
             of
             water
             which
             happens
             when
             flung
             upon
             Quick-lime
             ,
             must
             not
             be
             imputed
             to
             fiery
             bodies
             ,
             seeing
             neither
             spirit
             of
             wine
             ,
             nor
             oil
             ,
             when
             thrown
             upon
             it
             ,
             do
             at
             all
             cause
             heat
             ,
             although
             they
             are
             both
             of
             them
             Inflammable
             bodies
             ,
             nay
             on
             the
             contrary
             they
             are
             observed
             to
             quench
             the
             heat
             that
             uses
             to
             happen
             to
             Quick-lime
             when
             water
             is
             joyned
             with
             it
             .
          
           
             I
             Answer
             ,
             that
             these
             effects
             do
             proceed
             from
             ,
             this
             ,
             that
             Oil
             ,
             spirit
             of
             wine
             ,
             and
             other
             Sulphureous
             liquors
             of
             the
             same
             nature
             ,
             instead
             of
             separating
             the
             parts
             of
             quick-lime
             ,
             as
             water
             does
             ,
             do
             rather
             hinder
             any
             separation
             from
             being
             made
             by
             stopping
             up
             the
             pores
             .
          
           
             That
             which
             withdrew
             me
             from
             the
             Sentiment
             of
             those
             who
             will
             have
             all
             the
             effects
             of
             quick-lime
             derived
             from
             its
             salt
             ,
             was
             ,
             that
             I
             could
             never
             find
             any
             in
             it
             ,
             though
             I
             have
             sought
             after
             it
             with
             care
             enough
             ;
             for
             some
             through
             mistake
             do
             take
             a
             certain
             Bituminous
             scum
             ,
             which
             often
             swims
             upon
             the
             Lime-water
             ,
             for
             a
             salt
             .
          
           
             Neither
             can
             I
             be
             of
             the
             opinion
             of
             those
             who
             will
             needs
             have
             an
             acid
             to
             be
             in
             quick-lime
             ,
             which
             being
             drawn
             out
             by
             the
             water
             ,
             and
             meeting
             an
             alkali
             ,
             does
             cause
             the
             effervescency
             which
             is
             observed
             ,
             when
             water
             is
             poured
             upon
             quick-lime
             ;
             for
             although
             according
             to
             appearance
             an
             acid
             may
             enter
             into
             the
             natural
             composition
             of
             the
             stone
             that
             quick-lime
             is
             made
             of
             ,
             this
             acid
             has
             lost
             its
             nature
             ,
             not
             only
             by
             breaking
             its
             points
             in
             its
             strict
             union
             with
             earth
             at
             the
             Petrification
             ,
             but
             also
             in
             the
             violent
             Calcination
             that
             is
             given
             to
             this
             stone
             to
             reduce
             it
             to
             a
             Calx
             .
             So
             that
             we
             may
             here
             say
             ,
             the
             same
             thing
             happens
             to
             the
             acid
             which
             enters
             
             into
             the
             composition
             of
             the
             stone
             ,
             as
             I
             have
             said
             did
             happen
             to
             the
             salt
             of
             Vegetables
             and
             other
             mixt
             bodies
             ,
             which
             though
             naturally
             an
             acid
             salt
             ,
             changes
             into
             an
             alkali
             by
             means
             of
             its
             union
             with
             earth
             ,
             and
             the
             fiery
             particles
             in
             time
             of
             the
             Calcination
             ;
             there
             is
             only
             this
             difference
             between
             them
             both
             ,
             the
             acid
             of
             the
             stone
             is
             mixed
             with
             more
             earth
             than
             the
             salt
             of
             Vegetables
             .
          
           
             When
             Lime
             is
             once
             slackt
             ,
             it
             neither
             causes
             any
             more
             ebullition
             ,
             nor
             heat
             ,
             with
             water
             ;
             but
             if
             you
             add
             to
             it
             an
             acid
             ,
             it
             makes
             both
             a
             considerable
             ebullition
             ,
             and
             heat
             ,
             because
             the
             acid
             edges
             will
             penetrate
             into
             the
             particles
             of
             the
             Lime
             ,
             where
             the
             water
             was
             not
             able
             to
             go
             .
          
           
             There
             is
             not
             made
             any
             ebullition
             ,
             or
             precipitation
             ,
             by
             the
             mixing
             acids
             with
             Lime-water
             .
          
           
             
               Phagedenick
               Water
               .
            
             
               This
               water
               is
               a
               mixture
               of
               Sublimate
               and
               Lime-water
               .
            
             
               Put
               a
               pound
               of
               Quick-lime
               into
               a
               large
               earthen
               pan
               ,
               and
               quench
               it
               with
               seven
               or
               eight
               pints
               of
               hot
               water
               ;
               after
               the
               Lime
               hath
               infused
               five
               or
               six
               hours
               ,
               and
               is
               sunk
               to
               the
               bottom
               ,
               pour
               off
               the
               water
               by
               Inclination
               ,
               and
               Filtrate
               it
               ,
               this
               is
               called
               Lime-water
               .
            
             
               To
               each
               pint
               of
               this
               water
               are
               added
               fifteen
               or
               twenty
               grains
               of
               
                 Sublimate
                 Corrosive
              
               in
               powder
               ,
               and
               the
               water
               presently
               turns
               yellow
               ;
               they
               are
               stirred
               together
               a
               good
               while
               in
               a
               glass
               or
               marble
               mortar
               ,
               and
               this
               water
               is
               used
               for
               cleansing
               old
               Ulcers
               :
               it
               eats
               proud
               flesh
               ,
               and
               is
               likewise
               used
               in
               the
               
               Gangreen
               ,
               by
               adding
               Spirit
               of
               Wine
               to
               it
               ,
               and
               sometimes
               Spirit
               of
               Vitriol
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 Lime-water
                 changes
                 the
                 colour
                 of
                 Sublimate
                 Corrosive
                 ,
                 because
                 being
                 an
                 alkali
                 ,
                 it
                 destroys
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 acids
                 ,
                 which
                 ,
                 according
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 diversly
                 mixed
                 with
                 the
                 Mercury
                 ,
                 do
                 give
                 it
                 different
                 colours
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 precipitate
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Phagedenick
                   water
                
                 being
                 washed
                 and
                 dried
                 ,
                 is
                 esteemed
                 by
                 some
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 good
                 Purgative
                 in
                 Venereal
                 cases
                 :
                 It
                 is
                 given
                 in
                 Pills
                 ,
                 for
                 fear
                 of
                 blacking
                 the
                 Teeth
                 :
                 the
                 dose
                 is
                 from
                 one
                 grain
                 to
                 three
                 ;
                 it
                 purges
                 upward
                 and
                 downward
                 ,
                 and
                 works
                 much
                 like
                 
                   Turbith
                   mineral
                
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Caustick
               stones
               ,
               or
               Cauteries
               .
            
             
               This
               operation
               is
               the
               salt
               of
               
                 Gravelled
                 ashes
              
               ,
               or
               the
               Lees
               of
               wine
               Calcined
               ,
               rendred
               more
               corrosive
               than
               it
               was
               before
               ,
               by
               the
               igneous
               parts
               of
               Quick-lime
               .
            
             
               Put
               into
               a
               great
               earthen
               pan
               ,
               one
               part
               of
               Quick-lime
               ,
               and
               two
               parts
               of
               
                 Gravelled
                 ashes
              
               ,
               or
               Calcined
               Tartar
               ,
               powder
               and
               mix
               them
               ;
               pour
               good
               store
               of
               hot
               water
               upon
               your
               matter
               ,
               and
               leaving
               it
               in
               infusion
               five
               or
               six
               hours
               ,
               boil
               it
               a
               little
               ;
               afterwards
               pass
               that
               which
               is
               clear
               ,
               through
               brown
               paper
               ,
               and
               evaporate
               it
               in
               a
               Copper
               basin
               or
               earthen
               pan
               ,
               there
               will
               remain
               at
               bottom
               a
               salt
               ,
               
               which
               you
               must
               put
               over
               the
               fire
               in
               a
               Crucible
               ,
               it
               will
               dissolve
               and
               boil
               untill
               all
               the
               remaining
               humidity
               is
               evaporated
               .
               When
               you
               find
               it
               at
               the
               bottom
               like
               to
               an
               Oil
               ,
               cast
               it
               into
               a
               basin
               ,
               and
               cut
               it
               into
               pieces
               while
               it
               is
               warm
               ;
               put
               these
               Cauteries
               quickly
               into
               a
               strong
               glass
               bottle
               ,
               stop
               it
               with
               wax
               ,
               and
               a
               bladder
               ,
               for
               the
               air
               would
               easily
               dissolve
               it
               into
               a
               liquor
               :
               you
               must
               also
               take
               care
               to
               keep
               it
               in
               a
               dry
               place
               .
            
             
               These
               Cauteries
               are
               the
               strongest
               of
               all
               that
               are
               made
               ;
               and
               they
               are
               but
               half
               an
               hour
               in
               making
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Gravelled
                   ashes
                
                 are
                 only
                 a
                 
                   Calcined
                   Tartar
                
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 are
                 made
                 by
                 burning
                 the
                 Lees
                 of
                 wine
                 ;
                 but
                 because
                 these
                 Lees
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 their
                 liquidity
                 have
                 fermented
                 more
                 than
                 common
                 Tartar
                 ,
                 the
                 salt
                 which
                 is
                 drawn
                 from
                 them
                 is
                 of
                 a
                 more
                 penetrating
                 nature
                 than
                 other
                 Tartar
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 is
                 fitter
                 to
                 make
                 Causticks
                 with
                 .
                 The
                 Quick-lime
                 does
                 also
                 help
                 to
                 make
                 them
                 much
                 the
                 stronger
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 igneous
                 parts
                 which
                 it
                 contains
                 do
                 mix
                 with
                 this
                 salt
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 it
                 the
                 more
                 active
                 ,
                 and
                 corrosive
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 must
                 not
                 powder
                 the
                 Quick-lime
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 little
                 fiery
                 bodies
                 would
                 then
                 fly
                 away
                 ,
                 before
                 they
                 could
                 be
                 received
                 into
                 the
                 water
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 you
                 Filtrate
                 the
                 solution
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 put
                 a
                 cloth
                 under
                 the
                 brown
                 paper
                 to
                 support
                 it
                 ,
                 otherwise
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 presently
                 corroded
                 .
              
               
                 Ten
                 or
                 twelve
                 ounces
                 of
                 salt
                 would
                 be
                 drawn
                 from
                 the
                 
                   Gravelled
                   ashes
                
                 alone
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 slakt
                 Lime
                 retains
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 it
                 .
              
               
               
                 If
                 you
                 have
                 used
                 in
                 this
                 operation
                 sixteen
                 ounces
                 of
                 
                   gravelled
                   ashes
                
                 ,
                 and
                 eight
                 ounces
                 of
                 quick-lime
                 ,
                 you
                 will
                 have
                 eight
                 ounces
                 of
                 your
                 Causticks
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 would
                 have
                 the
                 Causticks
                 in
                 edges
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 put
                 a
                 hot
                 Iron
                 Spatule
                 into
                 the
                 Crucible
                 ,
                 whilst
                 the
                 matter
                 is
                 in
                 Fusion
                 ,
                 and
                 form
                 the
                 edges
                 in
                 a
                 flat
                 bason
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Caustick
                 salt
                 is
                 very
                 easily
                 dissolved
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 making
                 of
                 it
                 you
                 must
                 not
                 stay
                 till
                 it
                 appears
                 dry
                 at
                 the
                 bottom
                 of
                 the
                 vessel
                 ,
                 as
                 you
                 do
                 for
                 other
                 salts
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 remains
                 still
                 fluid
                 ,
                 though
                 all
                 the
                 humidity
                 of
                 it
                 be
                 gone
                 ;
                 therefore
                 you
                 must
                 put
                 a
                 little
                 of
                 it
                 to
                 cool
                 ,
                 that
                 you
                 may
                 see
                 whether
                 it
                 be
                 in
                 its
                 due
                 consistence
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 reason
                 why
                 it
                 thus
                 remains
                 in
                 Fusion
                 is
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 is
                 full
                 of
                 little
                 fiery
                 bodies
                 which
                 it
                 has
                 taken
                 from
                 the
                 Quick-lime
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 have
                 so
                 disposed
                 its
                 parts
                 to
                 penetration
                 ;
                 for
                 all
                 solid
                 bodies
                 which
                 are
                 put
                 in
                 Fusion
                 by
                 fire
                 do
                 receive
                 this
                 liquid
                 form
                 for
                 no
                 other
                 reason
                 ,
                 but
                 because
                 the
                 little
                 fiery
                 bodies
                 are
                 become
                 mixed
                 with
                 their
                 parts
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 set
                 them
                 into
                 a
                 great
                 agitation
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 should
                 use
                 lime
                 that
                 is
                 slakt
                 ,
                 the
                 Causticks
                 would
                 not
                 so
                 easily
                 melt
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 you
                 draw
                 the
                 salt
                 from
                 
                   Gravelled
                   ashes
                
                 alone
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 coagulate
                 in
                 drying
                 ,
                 much
                 as
                 other
                 salts
                 do
                 ;
                 wherefore
                 this
                 Fusion
                 of
                 the
                 Causticks
                 must
                 needs
                 proceed
                 from
                 the
                 fiery
                 bodies
                 which
                 were
                 contained
                 in
                 the
                 Quick-lime
                 .
              
               
                 Causticks
                 may
                 likewise
                 be
                 made
                 divers
                 other
                 ways
                 ,
                 but
                 this
                 description
                 will
                 deserve
                 a
                 preference
                 before
                 others
                 ,
                 when
                 you
                 would
                 have
                 them
                 be
                 of
                 a
                 quick
                 operation
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               Inks
               called
               Sympathetical
               .
            
             
               These
               operations
               are
               liquors
               of
               a
               different
               nature
               ,
               which
               do
               destroy
               one
               another
               ;
               the
               first
               is
               an
               infusion
               of
               Quick-lime
               and
               Orpin
               ;
               the
               second
               a
               water
               turned
               black
               by
               means
               of
               burned
               Cork
               ;
               and
               the
               third
               is
               a
               vinegar
               impregnated
               with
               Saturn
               .
            
             
               Take
               an
               ounce
               of
               Quick-lime
               ,
               and
               half
               an
               ounce
               of
               Orpin
               ,
               powder
               and
               mix
               them
               ,
               put
               your
               mixture
               into
               a
               matrass
               ,
               and
               pour
               upon
               it
               five
               or
               six
               ounces
               of
               water
               ,
               that
               the
               water
               may
               be
               three
               fingers
               breadth
               above
               the
               powder
               ,
               stop
               your
               matrass
               with
               Cork
               ,
               Wax
               ,
               and
               a
               Bladder
               ;
               set
               it
               in
               digestion
               in
               a
               mild
               sand-heat
               ten
               or
               twelve
               hours
               ,
               shaking
               the
               matrass
               from
               time
               to
               time
               ,
               then
               let
               it
               settle
               ,
               the
               liquor
               becomes
               clear
               like
               common
               water
               .
            
             
               Burn
               Cork
               ,
               and
               quench
               it
               in
               
                 Aqua
                 vitae
              
               ,
               then
               dissolve
               it
               in
               a
               sufficient
               quantity
               of
               water
               ,
               wherein
               you
               shall
               have
               melted
               a
               little
               
                 Gumm
                 Arabick
              
               ,
               in
               order
               to
               make
               an
               Ink
               as
               black
               as
               common
               Ink.
               You
               must
               separate
               the
               Cork
               that
               can't
               dissolve
               ,
               and
               if
               the
               Ink
               be
               not
               black
               enough
               ,
               add
               more
               Cork
               as
               before
               .
            
             
               Get
               the
               Impregnation
               of
               Saturn
               made
               with
               Vinegar
               ,
               distil'd
               as
               I
               have
               shewn
               before
               ,
               or
               else
               dissolve
               so
               much
               salt
               of
               Saturn
               as
               a
               quantity
               of
               water
               is
               able
               to
               receive
               :
               write
               on
               Paper
               with
               a
               new
               Pen
               dipt
               in
               this
               liquor
               ,
               take
               notice
               of
               the
               place
               where
               you
               writ
               ,
               and
               let
               it
               dry
               ,
               nothing
               at
               all
               will
               appear
               .
            
             
               Write
               upon
               the
               invisible
               writing
               with
               the
               Ink
               made
               of
               burnt
               Cork
               ,
               and
               let
               it
               dry
               ,
               that
               which
               
               you
               had
               writ
               will
               appear
               as
               if
               it
               had
               been
               done
               with
               common
               Ink.
               
            
             
               Dip
               a
               little
               Cotton
               in
               the
               first
               liquor
               made
               of
               Lime
               and
               Orpin
               ,
               but
               the
               liquor
               must
               be
               first
               setled
               and
               clear
               ;
               rub
               the
               place
               you
               writ
               upon
               with
               this
               Cotton
               ,
               and
               that
               which
               appeared
               will
               presently
               disappear
               ,
               and
               that
               which
               was
               not
               seen
               will
               appear
               .
            
             
               
                 Another
                 Experiment
                 .
              
               
                 Take
                 a
                 Book
                 four
                 fingers
                 breadth
                 in
                 bigness
                 ,
                 or
                 bigger
                 if
                 you
                 will
                 :
                 write
                 on
                 the
                 first
                 leaf
                 with
                 your
                 Impregnation
                 of
                 Saturn
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 put
                 a
                 paper
                 that
                 you
                 have
                 writ
                 upon
                 between
                 the
                 leaves
                 ;
                 turn
                 to
                 t'other
                 side
                 of
                 the
                 Book
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 observed
                 as
                 near
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 the
                 opposite
                 place
                 to
                 your
                 writing
                 ,
                 rub
                 the
                 last
                 leaf
                 of
                 the
                 Book
                 with
                 Cotton
                 dipt
                 in
                 the
                 liquor
                 made
                 of
                 Quick-lime
                 and
                 Orpin
                 ,
                 nay
                 and
                 leave
                 the
                 Cotton
                 on
                 the
                 place
                 ,
                 clap
                 a
                 folded
                 paper
                 presently
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 shutting
                 the
                 book
                 quickly
                 ,
                 strike
                 upon
                 it
                 with
                 your
                 hand
                 four
                 or
                 five
                 good
                 strokes
                 ,
                 then
                 turn
                 the
                 book
                 and
                 clap
                 it
                 into
                 a
                 press
                 for
                 half
                 a
                 quarter
                 of
                 an
                 hour
                 ;
                 take
                 it
                 out
                 and
                 open
                 it
                 ,
                 you
                 'l
                 find
                 the
                 place
                 appear
                 black
                 ,
                 where
                 you
                 had
                 writ
                 with
                 the
                 Invisible
                 Ink.
                 The
                 same
                 thing
                 might
                 be
                 done
                 through
                 a
                 wall
                 ,
                 if
                 you
                 could
                 provide
                 something
                 to
                 lay
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 that
                 might
                 hinder
                 the
                 evaporation
                 of
                 the
                 Spirits
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 Operations
                 are
                 indeed
                 of
                 no
                 use
                 ,
                 but
                 because
                 they
                 are
                 somewhat
                 surprizing
                 ,
                 I
                 hope
                 the
                 curious
                 will
                 not
                 take
                 it
                 ill
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 make
                 this
                 small
                 digression
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 a
                 hard
                 matter
                 to
                 explicate
                 well
                 the
                 effects
                 I
                 have
                 now
                 related
                 ,
                 nevertheless
                 I
                 shall
                 endeavour
                 to
                 illustrate
                 them
                 a
                 little
                 ,
                 without
                 having
                 recourse
                 to
                 Sympathy
                 and
                 Antipathy
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 general
                 terms
                 ,
                 and
                 do
                 explicate
                 nothing
                 at
                 all
                 ,
                 but
                 before
                 I
                 begin
                 ,
                 we
                 must
                 remark
                 several
                 things
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 first
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 an
                 essential
                 point
                 to
                 quench
                 the
                 coal
                 of
                 Cork
                 in
                 
                   Aqua
                   vitae
                
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 visible
                 Ink
                 may
                 become
                 black
                 with
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 blackness
                 of
                 this
                 Ink
                 does
                 proceed
                 from
                 the
                 fuliginosity
                 or
                 sooty
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 coal
                 of
                 the
                 Cork
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 exceeding
                 porous
                 and
                 light
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 this
                 fuliginosity
                 is
                 nothing
                 but
                 an
                 oil
                 very
                 much
                 rarefied
                 .
              
               
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Impregnation
                 of
                 Saturn
                 ,
                 which
                 makes
                 the
                 invisible
                 Ink
                 ,
                 is
                 only
                 a
                 Lead
                 dissolved
                 ,
                 and
                 held
                 up
                 imperceptibly
                 in
                 an
                 acid
                 liquor
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 said
                 ,
                 when
                 I
                 spoke
                 of
                 this
                 metal
                 .
              
               
                 Fourthly
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 first
                 of
                 these
                 liquors
                 is
                 a
                 mixture
                 of
                 the
                 alkali
                 and
                 igneous
                 parts
                 of
                 Quick-lime
                 with
                 the
                 sulphureous
                 substance
                 of
                 Arsenick
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Orpin
                 is
                 a
                 sort
                 of
                 Arsenick
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 said
                 before
                 .
              
               
                 All
                 this
                 being
                 granted
                 ,
                 as
                 no
                 body
                 can
                 reasonably
                 think
                 otherwise
                 ,
                 I
                 now
                 affirm
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 reason
                 why
                 the
                 visible
                 Ink
                 does
                 disappear
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 defacing
                 liquor
                 is
                 rubbed
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 is
                 that
                 this
                 liquor
                 
                 consisting
                 of
                 an
                 alkali
                 salt
                 ,
                 and
                 parts
                 that
                 are
                 oily
                 and
                 penetrating
                 ,
                 this
                 mixture
                 does
                 make
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 soap
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 able
                 to
                 dissolve
                 any
                 fuliginous
                 substance
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 burnt
                 Cork
                 ,
                 especially
                 when
                 it
                 has
                 been
                 already
                 rarefied
                 and
                 disposed
                 for
                 dissolution
                 by
                 
                   Aqua
                   vitae
                
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 as
                 common
                 soap
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 compounded
                 of
                 oil
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 alkali
                 salt
                 ,
                 is
                 able
                 to
                 take
                 away
                 or
                 make
                 disappear
                 spots
                 made
                 by
                 grease
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 demanded
                 ,
                 why
                 after
                 the
                 dissolution
                 the
                 blackness
                 does
                 disappear
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 answer
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 fuliginous
                 parts
                 have
                 been
                 so
                 divided
                 ,
                 and
                 lockt
                 up
                 in
                 the
                 sulphureous
                 alkali
                 of
                 the
                 liquor
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 become
                 invisible
                 ,
                 and
                 we
                 see
                 every
                 day
                 that
                 very
                 exact
                 solutions
                 do
                 render
                 the
                 thing
                 dissolved
                 imperceptible
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 colour
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 little
                 alkali
                 salt
                 which
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 burnt
                 Cork
                 may
                 also
                 the
                 better
                 serve
                 to
                 joyn
                 with
                 the
                 alkali
                 of
                 the
                 quick-lime
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 help
                 the
                 dissolution
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 invisible
                 Ink
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 easie
                 to
                 apprehend
                 how
                 that
                 appears
                 black
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 same
                 liquor
                 ,
                 which
                 serves
                 to
                 deface
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 is
                 used
                 upon
                 it
                 .
                 For
                 whereas
                 the
                 impregnation
                 of
                 Saturn
                 is
                 only
                 a
                 Lead
                 suspended
                 by
                 the
                 edges
                 of
                 the
                 acid
                 liquor
                 ,
                 this
                 Lead
                 must
                 needs
                 revive
                 ,
                 and
                 resume
                 its
                 black
                 colour
                 ,
                 when
                 that
                 which
                 held
                 it
                 rarefied
                 is
                 intirely
                 destroyed
                 ;
                 so
                 the
                 alkali
                 of
                 Quick-lime
                 being
                 filled
                 with
                 the
                 sulphurs
                 of
                 Arsenick
                 becomes
                 very
                 proper
                 to
                 break
                 and
                 destroy
                 the
                 acids
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 agglutinate
                 together
                 the
                 particles
                 of
                 Lead
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 happens
                 then
                 that
                 the
                 visible
                 Ink
                 does
                 disappear
                 by
                 reason
                 that
                 the
                 parts
                 which
                 did
                 render
                 it
                 black
                 ,
                 have
                 been
                 dissolved
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 invisible
                 Ink
                 
                 does
                 also
                 appear
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 dissolved
                 parts
                 have
                 been
                 revived
                 .
              
               
                 Quick-lime
                 and
                 Orpiment
                 being
                 mixed
                 and
                 digested
                 together
                 in
                 water
                 ,
                 do
                 yield
                 a
                 smell
                 much
                 like
                 that
                 which
                 happens
                 when
                 common
                 sulphur
                 is
                 boiled
                 in
                 a
                 Lixivium
                 of
                 Tartar.
                 This
                 here
                 is
                 the
                 stronger
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 sulphur
                 of
                 Arsenick
                 is
                 loaded
                 with
                 certain
                 Salts
                 that
                 make
                 a
                 stronger
                 impression
                 on
                 the
                 smell
                 .
                 Quick-lime
                 is
                 an
                 alkali
                 that
                 operates
                 in
                 this
                 much
                 like
                 the
                 Salt
                 of
                 Tartar
                 in
                 the
                 other
                 Operation
                 ;
                 you
                 must
                 not
                 leave
                 the
                 matrass
                 open
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 force
                 of
                 this
                 water
                 doth
                 consist
                 in
                 a
                 Volatile
                 .
                 The
                 Lime
                 retains
                 the
                 more
                 fixt
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Arsenick
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Sulphurs
                 that
                 come
                 forth
                 are
                 so
                 much
                 the
                 more
                 subtile
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 separated
                 from
                 what
                 did
                 fix
                 them
                 before
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 appears
                 to
                 be
                 so
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Sulphurs
                 must
                 of
                 necessity
                 pass
                 through
                 all
                 the
                 book
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 writing
                 of
                 a
                 clear
                 and
                 invisible
                 liquor
                 appear
                 black
                 and
                 visible
                 :
                 and
                 to
                 facilitate
                 this
                 penetration
                 the
                 book
                 is
                 strook
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 turned
                 about
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Spirits
                 or
                 Volatile
                 Sulphurs
                 do
                 always
                 tend
                 upwards
                 :
                 you
                 must
                 likewise
                 clap
                 it
                 into
                 a
                 press
                 ,
                 that
                 these
                 Sulphurs
                 may
                 not
                 be
                 dispersed
                 in
                 the
                 air
                 .
                 I
                 have
                 found
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 these
                 circumstances
                 are
                 not
                 observed
                 ,
                 the
                 business
                 fails
                 .
                 Furthermore
                 that
                 which
                 perswades
                 me
                 that
                 the
                 Sulphurs
                 do
                 pass
                 through
                 the
                 book
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 take
                 a
                 circuit
                 to
                 slip
                 in
                 by
                 the
                 sides
                 ,
                 as
                 many
                 do
                 imagine
                 ,
                 is
                 that
                 after
                 the
                 book
                 is
                 taken
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 press
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 inside
                 is
                 found
                 to
                 be
                 scented
                 with
                 the
                 smell
                 of
                 this
                 liquor
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 one
                 thing
                 more
                 to
                 be
                 observed
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 infusion
                 of
                 Quick-lime
                 and
                 Orpin
                 be
                 newly
                 made
                 ,
                 because
                 otherwise
                 it
                 will
                 not
                 have
                 
                 force
                 enough
                 to
                 penetrate
                 .
                 The
                 three
                 liquors
                 should
                 be
                 made
                 in
                 different
                 places
                 too
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 they
                 should
                 approach
                 near
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 be
                 spoiled
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 last
                 effect
                 does
                 likewise
                 proceed
                 from
                 the
                 defacing
                 liquor
                 ;
                 for
                 because
                 upon
                 the
                 digestion
                 of
                 Quick-lime
                 and
                 Orpin
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 thing
                 impossible
                 but
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 particles
                 will
                 exalt
                 ,
                 stop
                 the
                 vessel
                 as
                 close
                 as
                 you
                 will
                 ;
                 the
                 air
                 impregnated
                 with
                 these
                 little
                 bodies
                 does
                 mix
                 with
                 ,
                 and
                 alter
                 the
                 Inks
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 that
                 the
                 visible
                 Ink
                 does
                 thereby
                 become
                 the
                 less
                 black
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 invisible
                 Ink
                 does
                 also
                 acquire
                 a
                 little
                 blackness
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             XII
             .
             
               Of
               Flints
            
             .
          
           
             FLints
             ,
             as
             all
             other
             stones
             ,
             are
             made
             by
             different
             Salts
             ,
             or
             by
             acid
             liquors
             ,
             which
             do
             penetrate
             and
             incorporate
             with
             earth
             ,
             which
             is
             an
             alkali
             ,
             so
             that
             from
             their
             mixture
             there
             does
             result
             a
             Coagulum
             ,
             which
             by
             little
             and
             little
             does
             harden
             by
             means
             of
             the
             subterranean
             heat
             ,
             or
             else
             do
             petrifie
             by
             the
             cold
             .
             Now
             you
             must
             observe
             ,
             that
             according
             to
             the
             quantity
             of
             earth
             which
             incounters
             with
             this
             acid
             liquor
             ,
             there
             are
             made
             such
             different
             sorts
             of
             stones
             .
             Thus
             precious
             stones
             and
             Crystals
             do
             obtain
             their
             hardness
             and
             
             transparency
             ,
             from
             a
             just
             proportion
             ,
             such
             as
             is
             needful
             to
             make
             an
             exact
             penetration
             ,
             and
             a
             strict
             union
             of
             the
             acid
             with
             the
             earth
             .
             There
             are
             found
             some
             waters
             in
             several
             places
             ,
             which
             falling
             upon
             stones
             do
             soon
             petrifie
             ,
             as
             particularly
             in
             a
             Grot
             at
             Arsi
             in
             Burgundy
             .
             The
             reason
             that
             may
             be
             given
             of
             this
             petrification
             ,
             is
             that
             these
             waters
             do
             contain
             an
             acid
             ,
             which
             in
             passing
             through
             earths
             do
             dissolve
             some
             part
             of
             them
             ,
             which
             is
             capable
             to
             make
             them
             petrifie
             ,
             but
             the
             great
             agitation
             they
             are
             in
             whilst
             they
             run
             with
             rapidity
             down
             mountains
             ,
             does
             hinder
             their
             coagulation
             ;
             for
             that
             can
             never
             happen
             until
             these
             waters
             have
             fallen
             into
             some
             place
             fit
             for
             them
             to
             repose
             and
             lye
             still
             in
             .
          
           
             
               Calcination
               of
               Flints
               .
            
             
               This
               operation
               shews
               the
               way
               to
               open
               the
               bodies
               of
               Flints
               and
               Crystal
               ,
               so
               that
               thereby
               they
               may
               be
               easily
               reduced
               into
               a
               powder
               .
            
             
               Heat
               red-hot
               some
               Flints
               in
               the
               fire
               ,
               and
               quench
               them
               in
               water
               ;
               repeat
               heating
               and
               quenching
               them
               three
               or
               four
               times
               ,
               or
               until
               they
               are
               friable
               ,
               and
               can
               be
               finely
               powdered
               ;
               you
               must
               chuse
               River-Flints
               ,
               that
               are
               full
               of
               veins
               of
               several
               colours
               .
            
             
               Crystal
               is
               Calcined
               after
               the
               same
               manner
               ,
               but
               it
               is
               more
               easily
               made
               friable
               than
               Flints
               .
               A
               liquor
               and
               Tincture
               may
               be
               likewise
               drawn
               from
               it
               ,
               the
               same
               way
               I
               am
               going
               to
               shew
               for
               Flints
               ;
               their
               virtues
               likewise
               are
               both
               alike
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               Tincture
               of
               Flints
               .
            
             
               This
               operation
               is
               an
               exaltation
               of
               some
               parts
               of
               Flints
               ,
               and
               salt
               of
               Tartar
               in
               spirit
               of
               wine
               .
            
             
               Mix
               well
               four
               ounces
               of
               Calcined
               Flints
               finely
               powdered
               ,
               with
               four
               and
               twenty
               ounces
               of
               Calcined
               Tartar
               :
               put
               this
               mixture
               into
               a
               large
               Crucible
               ,
               cover
               it
               and
               place
               it
               in
               a
               wind-furnace
               ,
               light
               a
               fire
               about
               it
               by
               little
               and
               little
               ,
               to
               warm
               it
               gently
               ,
               and
               then
               encrease
               it
               to
               the
               last
               degree
               .
               Continue
               it
               in
               this
               condition
               for
               five
               hours
               ,
               that
               the
               matter
               may
               all
               the
               while
               remain
               in
               Fusion
               .
               Thrust
               a
               Spatule
               into
               it
               ,
               and
               see
               if
               your
               matter
               begins
               to
               grow
               diaphanous
               like
               glass
               .
               If
               it
               doth
               so
               ,
               pour
               it
               into
               a
               warm
               Iron
               mortar
               ,
               and
               it
               will
               presently
               congeal
               into
               a
               hard
               mass
               ,
               which
               you
               must
               powder
               while
               it
               is
               hot
               ,
               and
               put
               into
               a
               matrass
               very
               dry
               and
               hot
               :
               pour
               upon
               it
               Spirit
               of
               Wine
               Alcoholized
               ,
               four
               fingers
               above
               the
               matter
               ;
               stop
               your
               matrass
               close
               with
               another
               ,
               whose
               neck
               may
               be
               received
               into
               that
               which
               contains
               the
               matter
               .
               Lute
               the
               conjunctions
               well
               with
               a
               wet
               bladder
               ,
               and
               set
               it
               in
               sand
               ,
               give
               a
               fire
               under
               it
               that
               is
               strong
               enough
               to
               make
               the
               Spirit
               of
               Wine
               simper
               for
               two
               days
               together
               ,
               it
               will
               turn
               of
               a
               red
               colour
               ;
               unlute
               your
               matrasses
               ,
               and
               separating
               them
               a-sunder
               ,
               decant
               the
               Tincture
               into
               a
               bottle
               :
               put
               new
               Spirit
               of
               Wine
               to
               that
               which
               remains
               ,
               and
               digest
               it
               as
               before
               ,
               separate
               the
               liquor
               that
               is
               turned
               red
               ,
               and
               mingling
               it
               with
               the
               former
               ,
               pour
               it
               all
               together
               into
               a
               glass
               body
               ,
               and
               cover
               it
               with
               a
               head
               ,
               fit
               to
               it
               a
               Receiver
               ,
               and
               lute
               the
               junctures
               ,
               
               distil
               in
               a
               vaporous
               bath
               two
               thirds
               of
               the
               Spirit
               of
               Wine
               ,
               that
               may
               serve
               for
               use
               as
               before
               ,
               then
               take
               your
               vessel
               off
               the
               fire
               ,
               and
               keep
               that
               which
               remains
               in
               the
               bottom
               of
               the
               body
               ,
               in
               a
               Viol
               well
               stopt
               .
            
             
               This
               Tincture
               is
               said
               to
               be
               a
               good
               remedy
               to
               open
               obstructions
               ;
               they
               use
               it
               for
               the
               Scurvy
               ,
               and
               in
               Hypochondriacal
               cases
               :
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               ten
               to
               thirty
               drops
               in
               some
               proper
               liquor
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Calx
                 of
                 Flints
                 doth
                 so
                 strictly
                 incorporate
                 with
                 the
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 by
                 the
                 Calcination
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 said
                 to
                 be
                 converted
                 into
                 a
                 Salt
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 I
                 shall
                 shew
                 in
                 the
                 following
                 operation
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 must
                 use
                 the
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 highly
                 Alcoholized
                 ,
                 otherwise
                 you
                 will
                 not
                 gain
                 the
                 Tincture
                 ;
                 you
                 must
                 likewise
                 observe
                 to
                 infuse
                 the
                 powdered
                 matter
                 while
                 it
                 is
                 as
                 hot
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 ;
                 two
                 thirds
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 are
                 distilled
                 off
                 ,
                 that
                 what
                 remains
                 may
                 be
                 the
                 redder
                 and
                 stronger
                 .
              
               
                 Almost
                 all
                 Chymists
                 will
                 needs
                 make
                 this
                 red
                 colour
                 to
                 proceed
                 from
                 the
                 Sulphur
                 of
                 Flints
                 extracted
                 by
                 the
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 is
                 more
                 probable
                 that
                 this
                 colour
                 proceeds
                 from
                 an
                 exaltation
                 of
                 the
                 alkali
                 salt
                 in
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 ,
                 because
                 a
                 like
                 Tincture
                 is
                 made
                 on
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Tartar.
                
                 
              
            
          
           
             
               Liquor
               of
               Flints
               .
            
             
               This
               operation
               is
               a
               solution
               of
               Flints
               into
               a
               liquor
               ,
               by
               the
               means
               of
               
                 Salt
                 of
                 Tartar.
              
               
            
             
             
               Take
               the
               other
               part
               of
               your
               Flints
               Calcined
               with
               Tartar
               ,
               and
               set
               it
               in
               a
               Cellar
               in
               a
               glass-pan
               ,
               it
               will
               dissolve
               into
               as
               clear
               a
               liquor
               as
               water
               .
               Filtrate
               and
               so
               keep
               it
               .
            
             
               This
               liquor
               is
               said
               to
               be
               Diuretick
               ,
               it
               is
               given
               from
               six
               to
               five
               and
               twenty
               drops
               in
               some
               convenient
               liquor
               .
            
             
               If
               you
               mix
               an
               equal
               part
               of
               this
               liquor
               with
               some
               acid
               Corrosive
               Spirit
               ,
               you
               'l
               presently
               turn
               it
               into
               a
               stone
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 
                   gravell'd
                   Ashes
                
                 ,
                 have
                 so
                 attenuated
                 the
                 Flint
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 becomes
                 as
                 soluble
                 as
                 they
                 ;
                 and
                 we
                 see
                 the
                 truth
                 of
                 this
                 in
                 the
                 operation
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 moisture
                 of
                 the
                 Cellar
                 entring
                 into
                 the
                 pores
                 of
                 our
                 Calcined
                 matter
                 dissolves
                 it
                 imperceptibly
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 this
                 dissolution
                 should
                 be
                 evaporated
                 ,
                 an
                 alkali
                 Salt
                 is
                 found
                 at
                 bottom
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 this
                 liquor
                 is
                 mixed
                 with
                 an
                 acid
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 an
                 Ebullition
                 presently
                 happens
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 acid
                 Spirits
                 piercing
                 the
                 alkali
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 a
                 stronger
                 Coagulation
                 is
                 made
                 ,
                 then
                 when
                 an
                 acid
                 Spirit
                 is
                 poured
                 on
                 the
                 Oil
                 of
                 Tartar
                 ,
                 because
                 this
                 same
                 alkali
                 contains
                 more
                 earth
                 than
                 does
                 the
                 Salt
                 of
                 Tartar.
                 
              
               
                 This
                 liquor
                 may
                 dissolve
                 some
                 Sulphureous
                 obstructions
                 that
                 now
                 and
                 then
                 happen
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 it
                 provokes
                 Urine
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 it
                 meets
                 with
                 an
                 acid
                 humour
                 ,
                 it
                 causes
                 a
                 Coagulation
                 ,
                 that
                 may
                 turn
                 into
                 a
                 stone
                 :
                 wherefore
                 I
                 would
                 not
                 advise
                 any
                 body
                 to
                 use
                 this
                 Remedy
                 ,
                 no
                 more
                 than
                 the
                 former
                 
                 Tincture
                 ,
                 which
                 works
                 only
                 by
                 its
                 Salt
                 that
                 is
                 mixed
                 with
                 the
                 spirit
                 of
                 Wine
                 .
              
               
                 From
                 the
                 Coagulation
                 of
                 these
                 liquors
                 may
                 be
                 sensibly
                 explicated
                 ,
                 how
                 stones
                 come
                 to
                 be
                 formed
                 in
                 several
                 parts
                 of
                 our
                 bodies
                 ,
                 seeing
                 acid
                 liquors
                 and
                 alkalis
                 do
                 so
                 aften
                 meet
                 within
                 us
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 
                   Tincture
                   of
                   Flints
                
                 is
                 used
                 to
                 extract
                 the
                 Sulphur
                 of
                 many
                 Minerals
                 ;
                 Alchymists
                 have
                 given
                 it
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 Alkahest
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             XIII
             .
             
               Oil
               of
               Bricks
            
             .
          
           
             THis
             preparation
             is
             Bricks
             impregnated
             with
             
               Oil
               of
               Olives
            
             ,
             and
             afterwards
             distilled
             .
          
           
             Heat
             red-hot
             among
             burning
             Coals
             pieces
             of
             Brick
             ,
             and
             quench
             them
             in
             a
             pan
             filled
             half
             full
             with
             
               Oil
               of
               Olives
            
             ,
             but
             take
             care
             to
             cover
             it
             immediately
             ,
             for
             the
             Oil
             will
             else
             take
             fire
             .
             Leave
             them
             in
             Infusion
             ten
             or
             twelve
             hours
             ,
             or
             until
             the
             Oil
             hath
             sufficiently
             penetrated
             the
             Bricks
             ,
             after
             that
             separate
             them
             ,
             and
             when
             you
             have
             grosly
             powdered
             the
             Bricks
             imbibed
             with
             the
             Oil
             ,
             put
             it
             into
             an
             earthen
             Retort
             ,
             or
             glass
             one
             luted
             ,
             large
             enough
             for
             a
             third
             part
             to
             remain
             empty
             ;
             place
             it
             in
             a
             Reverberatory
             furnace
             ,
             and
             fit
             to
             it
             a
             large
             capacious
             Receiver
             ,
             lute
             well
             the
             conjunctions
             ,
             and
             give
             a
             little
             fire
             at
             first
             to
             warm
             the
             Retort
             ,
             then
             
             encrease
             it
             by
             degrees
             ,
             until
             you
             see
             vapours
             come
             forth
             ;
             then
             continue
             it
             in
             this
             condition
             till
             there
             comes
             no
             more
             :
             unlute
             the
             conjunctions
             ,
             and
             take
             away
             the
             Receiver
             ,
             there
             remains
             in
             the
             Retort
             all
             the
             Brick
             ,
             which
             you
             must
             fling
             away
             as
             useless
             .
          
           
             Mix
             the
             Oil
             that
             remains
             in
             the
             Receiver
             with
             a
             sufficient
             quantity
             of
             other
             Brick
             dried
             and
             powdered
             ,
             and
             make
             a
             paste
             of
             it
             ,
             form
             several
             little
             pellets
             ,
             and
             put
             them
             into
             a
             glass
             Retort
             ;
             set
             the
             Retort
             in
             Sand
             ,
             and
             fitting
             to
             it
             a
             large
             Receiver
             ,
             and
             luting
             them
             together
             ,
             give
             a
             fire
             by
             degrees
             to
             rectifie
             all
             the
             Oil
             ,
             pour
             it
             into
             a
             Viol
             ,
             and
             keep
             it
             for
             use
             ;
             it
             is
             called
             the
             
               Oil
               of
               Philosophers
            
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             a
             good
             Remedy
             applyed
             outwardly
             to
             discuss
             the
             Tumours
             of
             the
             Spleen
             ,
             for
             the
             Palsie
             ,
             Phthisick
             ,
             and
             suffocations
             of
             the
             mother
             .
             It
             may
             be
             given
             inwardly
             from
             two
             to
             four
             drops
             ,
             in
             wine
             ,
             or
             some
             appropriate
             liquor
             .
             Some
             drops
             of
             it
             are
             instilled
             into
             the
             Ear
             to
             dissipate
             the
             flatulent
             humours
             that
             are
             there
             inclosed
             .
          
           
             
               Remarks
               .
            
             
               This
               operation
               serves
               only
               to
               exalt
               the
               
                 Oil
                 of
                 Olives
              
               ,
               that
               being
               more
               opened
               by
               the
               fire
               ,
               it
               may
               rarefie
               and
               dissolve
               humours
               more
               easily
               ;
               for
               you
               must
               not
               imagine
               that
               the
               Brick
               doth
               communicate
               any
               great
               virtue
               ,
               it
               is
               a
               dry
               body
               ,
               and
               wanting
               all
               active
               principles
               .
            
             
               You
               must
               make
               a
               very
               moderate
               fire
               in
               this
               distillation
               ,
               that
               the
               Oil
               may
               come
               forth
               in
               vapours
               ;
               
               for
               if
               it
               should
               come
               out
               drop
               by
               drop
               ,
               it
               would
               not
               be
               so
               open
               ,
               nor
               would
               it
               produce
               so
               good
               effects
               .
            
             
               Some
               do
               rectifie
               the
               
                 Oil
                 of
                 Bricks
              
               with
               Colcothar
               instead
               of
               Bricks
               ,
               or
               else
               with
               the
               mass
               that
               remains
               after
               the
               distillation
               of
               
                 Aqua
                 fortis
              
               .
            
             
               Antient
               Chymists
               have
               given
               the
               epithete
               Philosophick
               to
               all
               preparations
               wherein
               they
               have
               used
               Brick
               .
               The
               reason
               that
               can
               be
               given
               for
               it
               is
               ,
               that
               because
               they
               call
               themselves
               the
               only
               True
               Philosophers
               ,
               or
               Philosophers
               by
               way
               of
               excellence
               ,
               they
               thought
               they
               were
               obliged
               to
               confer
               some
               influences
               of
               this
               mighty
               name
               upon
               Bricks
               ,
               because
               they
               are
               the
               materials
               wherewith
               they
               build
               their
               Furnaces
               ,
               to
               work
               at
               the
               high
               and
               mighty
               operation
               ,
               or
               the
               
                 Philosophers
                 stone
              
               ;
               for
               they
               pretend
               it
               is
               by
               this
               Operation
               alone
               that
               True
               Philosophy
               can
               be
               obtained
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             XIV
             .
             
               Of
               Coral
            
             .
          
           
             COral
             is
             a
             petrified
             plant
             ,
             that
             grows
             under
             deep
             hollow
             Rocks
             ,
             in
             many
             places
             of
             the
             Mediterranean
             Sea
             ,
             where
             the
             Sea
             is
             deep
             ;
             or
             rather
             it
             is
             a
             certain
             shoot
             from
             a
             Rock
             ,
             that
             hath
             received
             the
             form
             of
             a
             Plant.
             It
             is
             not
             true
             ,
             that
             it
             is
             taken
             out
             of
             the
             Sea
             soft
             ,
             as
             some
             have
             said
             .
             
             There
             are
             of
             them
             of
             several
             colours
             ,
             as
             the
             White
             ,
             the
             Red
             ,
             and
             the
             Black
             ;
             now
             and
             then
             there
             are
             found
             some
             of
             two
             colours
             ,
             as
             Red
             ,
             and
             Black.
             
          
           
             The
             Red
             is
             the
             most
             common
             ,
             and
             most
             in
             use
             ;
             it
             is
             chosen
             of
             a
             deep
             colour
             ;
             the
             White
             is
             more
             rare
             than
             the
             Red.
             A
             certain
             white
             stone
             very
             spungy
             ,
             that
             is
             like
             unto
             Coral
             ,
             is
             brought
             among
             us
             ,
             which
             is
             mistaken
             for
             true
             
               white
               Coral
            
             by
             those
             that
             don't
             know
             it
             ,
             but
             the
             true
             is
             not
             at
             all
             spungy
             ;
             it
             is
             rather
             very
             compact
             ,
             and
             as
             white
             as
             Ivory
             ;
             
               Black
               Coral
            
             is
             the
             greatest
             rarity
             of
             them
             all
             .
          
           
             If
             you
             put
             the
             branches
             of
             
               Red
               Coral
            
             to
             infuse
             a
             day
             or
             two
             in
             melted
             white
             Wax
             ,
             upon
             hot
             embers
             ,
             the
             Coral
             will
             lose
             its
             former
             colour
             ,
             and
             become
             white
             ,
             and
             the
             wax
             will
             assume
             a
             yellow
             colour
             .
             The
             Wax
             must
             be
             a
             fingers
             breadth
             above
             the
             Coral
             .
          
           
             If
             you
             should
             put
             other
             
               red
               Coral
            
             to
             steep
             in
             the
             same
             Wax
             ,
             it
             would
             turn
             brown
             .
          
           
             If
             again
             the
             third
             time
             you
             should
             put
             
               red
               Coral
            
             to
             steep
             in
             the
             same
             wax
             ,
             the
             wax
             would
             then
             become
             red
             .
          
           
             The
             wax
             dissolves
             a
             little
             of
             the
             bituminous
             matter
             that
             is
             upon
             the
             Coral
             ,
             and
             which
             did
             render
             it
             red
             :
             this
             operation
             is
             done
             only
             for
             curiosity
             .
          
           
             Many
             persons
             do
             hang
             
               red
               Coral
            
             about
             the
             neck
             ,
             in
             order
             to
             stop
             Haemorrhagies
             ,
             to
             purifie
             the
             bloud
             ,
             and
             to
             fortifie
             the
             heart
             .
             I
             believe
             that
             which
             gave
             occasion
             to
             think
             it
             has
             such
             excellent
             virtues
             ,
             was
             its
             Red
             colour
             ,
             which
             is
             like
             to
             that
             of
             the
             bloud
             ,
             and
             the
             heart
             ;
             but
             experience
             does
             no
             way
             confirm
             ,
             that
             outwardly
             applied
             ,
             it
             has
             any
             such
             effects
             .
          
           
           
             Coral
             is
             prepared
             by
             beating
             it
             on
             a
             Marble
             into
             a
             most
             fine
             powder
             ,
             that
             it
             may
             the
             more
             easily
             be
             dissolved
             ;
             and
             this
             prepared
             Coral
             is
             given
             to
             stop
             
               Dysenteries
               ,
               Diarrheas
               ,
               Flux
            
             of
             the
             Haemorrhoids
             ,
             and
             
               Terms
               ,
               Haemorrhagies
            
             ,
             and
             all
             other
             distempers
             that
             are
             caused
             by
             an
             acrimony
             of
             humours
             ,
             this
             being
             an
             alkali
             that
             destroys
             them
             ;
             the
             dose
             is
             from
             ten
             grains
             to
             a
             drachm
             in
             Knot-grass
             water
             ,
             or
             some
             other
             appropriate
             liquor
             .
          
           
             
               Dissolution
               of
               Coral
               .
            
             
               Take
               what
               quantity
               you
               please
               of
               Coral
               finely
               powdered
               on
               a
               Marble
               ;
               put
               it
               into
               a
               large
               matrafs
               ,
               and
               pour
               upon
               it
               distilled
               Vinegar
               enough
               to
               cover
               the
               matter
               four
               fingers
               high
               ,
               there
               will
               happen
               a
               great
               effervescency
               ,
               which
               being
               over
               ,
               set
               your
               matter
               in
               digestion
               in
               warm
               sand
               for
               two
               days
               ,
               stirring
               the
               matrass
               from
               time
               to
               time
               .
               Leave
               the
               Coral
               to
               settle
               at
               bottom
               ,
               and
               decant
               the
               clear
               liquor
               into
               a
               bottle
               .
               Pour
               again
               so
               much
               distilled
               Vinegar
               on
               the
               remainder
               ,
               as
               before
               ,
               and
               leave
               it
               two
               days
               in
               digestion
               ;
               separate
               the
               clear
               liquor
               ,
               and
               continue
               to
               add
               more
               distilled
               Vinegar
               ,
               and
               to
               draw
               off
               the
               Impregnation
               ,
               until
               all
               the
               Coral
               is
               in
               a
               manner
               dissolved
               .
               Then
               mix
               your
               dissolutions
               ,
               and
               pour
               them
               into
               a
               glass
               Cucurbite
               ,
               or
               else
               into
               an
               earthen
               one
               ,
               evaporate
               in
               sand
               two
               thirds
               of
               the
               liquor
               ,
               or
               until
               there
               appears
               upon
               it
               a
               very
               fine
               skin
               :
               Filtrate
               this
               Impregnation
               ,
               and
               keep
               it
               in
               order
               to
               make
               the
               Salt
               ,
               and
               Magistery
               ,
               as
               I
               shall
               shew
               hereafter
               .
            
             
             
               It
               may
               be
               given
               for
               the
               same
               purposes
               as
               the
               Salt
               ,
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               ten
               to
               twenty
               drops
               in
               some
               appropriate
               liquor
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Red
                   Coral
                
                 is
                 generally
                 used
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 is
                 thought
                 to
                 have
                 more
                 virtue
                 than
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 its
                 Tincture
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 effervescency
                 which
                 happens
                 ,
                 when
                 Vinegar
                 doth
                 penetrate
                 Coral
                 ,
                 is
                 reckoned
                 among
                 cold
                 effervescencies
                 ,
                 if
                 there
                 be
                 any
                 such
                 ;
                 for
                 my
                 part
                 ,
                 I
                 cannot
                 say
                 that
                 I
                 ever
                 perceived
                 any
                 coldness
                 in
                 it
                 .
                 In
                 truth
                 it
                 is
                 very
                 strange
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 great
                 an
                 Ebullition
                 ,
                 or
                 motion
                 of
                 the
                 parts
                 ,
                 should
                 not
                 produce
                 any
                 sensible
                 heat
                 ,
                 but
                 you
                 must
                 consider
                 ,
                 that
                 Coral
                 ,
                 having
                 large
                 pores
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 easily
                 dissolved
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 the
                 acids
                 need
                 not
                 jostle
                 it
                 very
                 much
                 ,
                 which
                 would
                 be
                 requisite
                 to
                 produce
                 any
                 considerable
                 heat
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 do
                 use
                 in
                 this
                 operation
                 the
                 acid
                 Lotion
                 of
                 
                   Butter
                   of
                   Antimony
                
                 ,
                 or
                 pure
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Vitriol
                
                 ,
                 instead
                 of
                 Vinegar
                 ;
                 but
                 because
                 these
                 spirits
                 do
                 leave
                 too
                 great
                 an
                 acidity
                 in
                 the
                 Preparations
                 of
                 Coral
                 ,
                 I
                 conceive
                 it
                 better
                 to
                 use
                 distilled
                 Vinegar
                 .
              
               
                 Coral
                 being
                 an
                 alkali
                 ,
                 the
                 acid
                 points
                 do
                 stick
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 suspending
                 its
                 parts
                 ,
                 do
                 render
                 them
                 imperceptible
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 is
                 the
                 reason
                 that
                 the
                 Vinegar
                 doth
                 lose
                 all
                 its
                 acidity
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 acidity
                 did
                 only
                 consist
                 in
                 the
                 activity
                 of
                 its
                 points
                 ,
                 which
                 do
                 now
                 sheath
                 themselves
                 in
                 the
                 alkali
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 would
                 ,
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 curiosity
                 ,
                 distil
                 this
                 dissolution
                 ,
                 instead
                 of
                 Evaporating
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 
                 said
                 ,
                 you
                 'd
                 gain
                 nothing
                 but
                 an
                 insipid
                 water
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 acid
                 is
                 fixt
                 with
                 the
                 Coral
                 .
                 This
                 water
                 is
                 evaporated
                 away
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 would
                 serve
                 for
                 nothing
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 only
                 weaken
                 the
                 impregnation
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 dissolution
                 of
                 Perle
                 ,
                 Crabs-eyes
                 ,
                 burnt
                 Harts-horn
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 alkali
                 matters
                 ,
                 is
                 performed
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 ;
                 their
                 Salts
                 and
                 Magisteries
                 may
                 be
                 likewise
                 made
                 as
                 those
                 of
                 Coral
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 am
                 going
                 to
                 describe
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 here
                 remarkable
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 solution
                 of
                 this
                 sort
                 of
                 alkalies
                 in
                 distilled
                 Vinegar
                 ,
                 smells
                 much
                 like
                 spirit
                 of
                 Wine
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 some
                 quantity
                 of
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 drawn
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 very
                 gentle
                 fire
                 ;
                 the
                 reason
                 of
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 making
                 of
                 Vinegar
                 ,
                 the
                 acids
                 had
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 fixed
                 this
                 sulphureous
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 but
                 when
                 they
                 do
                 enter
                 into
                 the
                 pores
                 of
                 Coral
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 forced
                 to
                 quit
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 let
                 it
                 recover
                 its
                 volatility
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Magistery
               of
               Coral
               .
            
             
               Take
               what
               quantity
               you
               please
               of
               the
               impregnation
               of
               Coral
               ,
               either
               red
               ,
               or
               white
               ,
               made
               with
               distilled
               Vinegar
               ,
               as
               I
               have
               said
               before
               ;
               pour
               it
               it
               into
               a
               Viol
               or
               matrass
               ,
               and
               drop
               into
               it
               the
               liquor
               of
               the
               
                 Salt
                 of
                 Tartar
              
               ,
               made
               
                 per
                 deliquium
              
               ,
               a
               Curd
               will
               appear
               which
               will
               precipitate
               to
               the
               bottom
               in
               a
               very
               white
               powder
               ;
               decant
               the
               clear
               liquor
               ,
               and
               washing
               your
               powder
               five
               or
               six
               times
               with
               water
               ,
               dry
               it
               ,
               it
               is
               that
               which
               is
               called
               the
               
                 Magistery
                 of
                 Coral
              
               .
               Great
               virtues
               are
               attributed
               to
               it
               ,
               such
               as
               ,
               to
               revive
               and
               fortifie
               the
               heart
               ,
               resist
               poison
               ,
               stop
               the
               bloody
               Flux
               ,
               and
               all
               other
               
               Haemorrhagies
               .
               The
               dose
               is
               from
               ten
               to
               thirty
               grains
               in
               some
               liquor
               appropriate
               to
               the
               disease
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 name
                 of
                 Magistery
                 is
                 given
                 only
                 to
                 Precipitates
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 are
                 so
                 called
                 to
                 express
                 something
                 more
                 exquisite
                 than
                 ordinary
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 liquor
                 of
                 Tartar
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 an
                 alkali
                 salt
                 dissolved
                 ,
                 encountring
                 the
                 acid
                 ,
                 makes
                 it
                 let
                 go
                 the
                 particles
                 of
                 Coral
                 that
                 it
                 held
                 suspended
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 they
                 precipitate
                 by
                 their
                 own
                 weight
                 ;
                 this
                 precipitate
                 is
                 nothing
                 else
                 but
                 a
                 Coral
                 finely
                 powdered
                 by
                 means
                 of
                 acids
                 ,
                 which
                 do
                 easily
                 divide
                 into
                 abundance
                 of
                 parts
                 things
                 that
                 otherwise
                 would
                 seem
                 indivisible
                 .
                 But
                 you
                 must
                 observe
                 here
                 ,
                 that
                 these
                 preparations
                 ,
                 instead
                 of
                 rendring
                 Coral
                 more
                 effectual
                 as
                 is
                 pretended
                 ,
                 do
                 indeed
                 render
                 it
                 almost
                 good
                 for
                 nothing
                 ;
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 thing
                 easie
                 enough
                 to
                 prove
                 ,
                 if
                 we
                 consider
                 that
                 Coral
                 works
                 in
                 our
                 bodies
                 by
                 nothing
                 else
                 but
                 by
                 absorbing
                 acids
                 ,
                 or
                 sharp
                 and
                 salt
                 humours
                 which
                 do
                 continually
                 occasion
                 divers
                 diseases
                 ;
                 for
                 example
                 ,
                 it
                 stops
                 Haemorrhagies
                 only
                 by
                 sweetning
                 the
                 keen
                 salts
                 which
                 corroded
                 the
                 membranes
                 of
                 the
                 veins
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 raised
                 great
                 effervescencies
                 in
                 the
                 bloud
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 make
                 it
                 extravasate
                 ;
                 it
                 stops
                 Diarrheas
                 ,
                 by
                 destroying
                 the
                 acrimony
                 of
                 the
                 Choler
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 humors
                 ;
                 lastly
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 cures
                 the
                 falling
                 down
                 of
                 the
                 Vvula
                 ,
                 and
                 does
                 remedy
                 many
                 other
                 accidents
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 done
                 by
                 nothing
                 else
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 breaking
                 the
                 force
                 of
                 the
                 ferments
                 which
                 do
                 cause
                 them
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 as
                 it
                 destroys
                 the
                 acidity
                 of
                 
                 Vinegar
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 other
                 liquor
                 ;
                 this
                 being
                 so
                 ,
                 as
                 there
                 is
                 great
                 reason
                 to
                 believe
                 it
                 ,
                 it
                 were
                 far
                 better
                 to
                 take
                 Coral
                 without
                 any
                 other
                 preparation
                 than
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 made
                 on
                 the
                 marble
                 ,
                 then
                 to
                 dissolve
                 it
                 by
                 an
                 acid
                 ,
                 and
                 precipitate
                 it
                 into
                 a
                 Magistery
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 acid
                 or
                 sharp
                 humors
                 that
                 this
                 Magistery
                 is
                 to
                 encounter
                 in
                 our
                 bodies
                 ,
                 finding
                 nothing
                 in
                 the
                 medicine
                 that
                 is
                 able
                 to
                 blunt
                 their
                 edges
                 ,
                 will
                 continue
                 their
                 former
                 activity
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 no
                 effect
                 at
                 all
                 will
                 follow
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 this
                 Precipitation
                 there
                 does
                 not
                 appear
                 any
                 effervescency
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 edges
                 of
                 the
                 Vinegar
                 being
                 broken
                 ,
                 it
                 has
                 neither
                 strength
                 nor
                 motion
                 enough
                 left
                 to
                 penetrate
                 and
                 to
                 separate
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 salt
                 of
                 Tartar
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 the
                 dissolution
                 of
                 Coral
                 had
                 been
                 made
                 with
                 some
                 stronger
                 dissolvent
                 than
                 Vinegar
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 ,
                 there
                 would
                 be
                 an
                 ebullition
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 Precipitation
                 ,
                 because
                 there
                 would
                 remain
                 still
                 action
                 enough
                 to
                 the
                 broken
                 edges
                 of
                 that
                 spirit
                 ,
                 for
                 to
                 enter
                 into
                 the
                 pores
                 of
                 the
                 alkali
                 salt
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 rarefie
                 it
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Salt
               of
               Coral
               .
            
             
               This
               operation
               is
               a
               Coral
               rarefied
               ,
               and
               opened
               by
               the
               Spirit
               of
               Vinegar
               .
            
             
               Take
               what
               quantity
               you
               please
               of
               the
               dissolution
               of
               Coral
               made
               by
               distilled
               Vinegar
               ,
               as
               I
               said
               before
               ,
               pour
               it
               into
               a
               glass
               Cucurbite
               ,
               or
               earthen
               pan
               ,
               and
               evaporate
               in
               sand
               all
               the
               moisture
               ,
               there
               will
               remain
               at
               bottom
               a
               
                 Salt
                 of
                 Coral
              
               ;
               keep
               it
               in
               a
               Viol
               well
               stopt
               ;
               it
               is
               given
               for
               the
               same
               reasons
               as
               
               the
               Magistery
               ,
               the
               dose
               of
               it
               is
               less
               ,
               being
               from
               five
               to
               fifteen
               grains
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 this
                 Evaporation
                 there
                 come
                 forth
                 only
                 the
                 watry
                 parts
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 acids
                 adhering
                 to
                 the
                 Coral
                 do
                 form
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Salt.
                 
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 should
                 put
                 this
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Coral
                
                 into
                 a
                 Retort
                 ,
                 and
                 distil
                 it
                 in
                 sand
                 ,
                 you
                 would
                 obtain
                 a
                 liquor
                 that
                 is
                 only
                 styptick
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 considerable
                 acidity
                 ,
                 which
                 shews
                 that
                 the
                 acids
                 are
                 destroyed
                 ,
                 and
                 do
                 not
                 come
                 forth
                 of
                 the
                 alkali
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 entred
                 in
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             XV.
             
               Of
               Common
               Salt.
            
             
          
           
             THere
             are
             three
             sorts
             of
             
               Common
               Salt
            
             ,
             the
             
               Fossile
               Salt
            
             ,
             the
             
               Fountain
               Salt
            
             ,
             and
             the
             
               Sea
               Salt
            
             ;
             the
             first
             is
             called
             
               Sal
               Gemme
            
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             its
             transparency
             and
             smoothness
             ,
             like
             to
             a
             precious
             stone
             ;
             it
             is
             that
             of
             which
             whole
             mountains
             are
             found
             full
             in
             Poland
             ,
             and
             other
             places
             ;
             the
             second
             is
             drawn
             by
             evaporation
             of
             the
             waters
             of
             some
             Fountains
             ,
             and
             the
             last
             from
             Sea-water
             by
             Crystallization
             or
             Evaporation
             :
             these
             three
             salts
             are
             of
             the
             same
             nature
             ,
             
             and
             have
             almost
             the
             same
             effect
             ;
             they
             are
             used
             ,
             not
             only
             in
             Aliments
             ,
             but
             sometimes
             in
             Remedies
             too
             ,
             such
             as
             Clysters
             ,
             when
             they
             should
             be
             made
             very
             Carminative
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             here
             observable
             ,
             that
             
               Sal
               Gemme
            
             is
             a
             little
             more
             penetrating
             than
             
               Sea
               salt
            
             ,
             that
             is
             drawn
             by
             Crystallization
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             
               Sea
               salt
            
             which
             is
             drawn
             by
             Crystallization
             is
             more
             penetrating
             than
             that
             which
             is
             made
             by
             Evaporation
             of
             the
             waters
             .
          
           
             The
             reason
             that
             may
             be
             given
             for
             the
             piercing
             quality
             of
             
               Sal
               Gemme
            
             is
             this
             ,
             that
             having
             never
             been
             dissolved
             in
             water
             ,
             it
             never
             lost
             any
             of
             its
             keenness
             ,
             whereas
             the
             others
             do
             lose
             their
             more
             subtle
             edges
             in
             the
             waters
             ,
             and
             this
             chiefly
             when
             those
             waters
             are
             in
             strong
             agitation
             ,
             as
             are
             those
             of
             the
             Sea.
             
          
           
             It
             is
             very
             probable
             ,
             that
             the
             violent
             Vomiting
             which
             does
             so
             much
             annoy
             those
             who
             take
             a
             voyage
             to
             Sea
             ,
             does
             proceed
             from
             these
             same
             subtile
             parts
             of
             salt
             ,
             which
             being
             volatilized
             do
             fill
             the
             sea-air
             ;
             for
             this
             vomiting
             does
             happen
             only
             to
             such
             who
             have
             not
             been
             used
             to
             breath
             a
             salt
             air
             ,
             and
             who
             besides
             are
             sufficiently
             shook
             by
             the
             motion
             of
             the
             Sea.
             
          
           
             The
             
               Sea
               salt
            
             which
             is
             made
             in
             Normandy
             by
             evaporation
             of
             Sea-water
             over
             the
             fire
             ,
             is
             not
             so
             strong
             as
             that
             which
             is
             made
             at
             Rochell
             by
             Crystallization
             ,
             because
             in
             the
             evaporation
             many
             of
             the
             subtler
             parts
             of
             the
             Salt
             are
             lost
             ,
             and
             a
             mark
             of
             that
             is
             ,
             that
             if
             Sea-water
             is
             distilled
             over
             a
             fire
             ●ever
             so
             small
             ,
             it
             will
             not
             fail
             to
             carry
             with
             it
             some
             volatilized
             salt
             ,
             which
             will
             alter
             its
             virtue
             ,
             as
             experience
             hath
             testified
             several
             times
             .
          
           
           
             But
             it
             doth
             not
             happen
             thus
             to
             Sea-salt
             Crystallized
             ,
             for
             it
             fixes
             of
             it self
             ,
             when
             the
             Salt-waters
             have
             setled
             for
             some
             time
             in
             places
             fit
             for
             their
             reception
             .
          
           
             I
             have
             delivered
             my
             thoughts
             sufficiently
             touching
             the
             Origine
             of
             these
             three
             sorts
             of
             Salt
             ,
             in
             the
             Remarks
             I
             made
             on
             the
             principles
             ,
             wherefore
             there
             's
             no
             need
             of
             repeating
             what
             I
             then
             said
             .
          
           
             Sea-salt
             is
             made
             at
             Rochell
             in
             salt
             marshes
             ,
             which
             are
             places
             that
             must
             be
             of
             a
             lower
             situation
             than
             the
             sea
             ,
             and
             the
             ground
             must
             be
             Clayie
             ,
             for
             otherwise
             they
             would
             not
             be
             able
             to
             retain
             the
             salt-water
             that
             has
             been
             let
             into
             them
             .
             Thus
             all
             places
             near
             the
             sea
             are
             not
             alike
             proper
             to
             make
             salt
             marshes
             .
          
           
             When
             the
             Season
             of
             the
             year
             begins
             to
             grow
             hot
             ,
             which
             commonly
             happens
             in
             May
             ,
             all
             the
             water
             is
             emptied
             that
             was
             let
             into
             the
             marshes
             for
             the
             better
             preserving
             them
             during
             the
             winter
             ,
             then
             the
             sluces
             are
             opened
             to
             let
             in
             as
             much
             salt-water
             as
             they
             think
             fit
             ,
             it
             is
             made
             to
             pass
             through
             a
             great
             many
             different
             Channels
             ,
             wherein
             it
             purifies
             and
             heats
             ,
             and
             then
             is
             let
             into
             places
             that
             are
             made
             flat
             ,
             smooth
             and
             fit
             to
             Crystallize
             the
             salt
             .
          
           
             The
             salt
             is
             made
             only
             during
             the
             great
             heats
             of
             Summer
             ,
             the
             Sun
             does
             first
             evaporate
             some
             part
             of
             the
             water
             ,
             and
             because
             after
             the
             great
             heat
             ,
             a
             small
             wind
             does
             use
             to
             blow
             (
             as
             is
             usual
             near
             the
             sea
             )
             the
             coolness
             of
             this
             wind
             does
             condense
             and
             Crystallize
             the
             salt
             .
          
           
             But
             if
             it
             happens
             to
             rain
             but
             two
             hours
             during
             the
             hot
             weather
             ,
             there
             can
             no
             salt
             be
             made
             for
             a
             fortnight
             afterwards
             ,
             because
             the
             marshes
             must
             be
             again
             emptied
             of
             all
             the
             water
             ,
             to
             let
             in
             more
             in
             
             its
             place
             ,
             so
             that
             if
             it
             chances
             to
             rain
             but
             once
             again
             in
             the
             next
             fortnight
             ,
             they
             can
             make
             no
             salt
             .
          
           
             Salt
             is
             purified
             ,
             by
             dissolving
             it
             in
             water
             ,
             then
             filtrating
             the
             solution
             through
             brown
             paper
             ,
             and
             afterwards
             evaporating
             the
             water
             in
             an
             earthen
             pan
             ,
             until
             a
             very
             white
             salt
             does
             remain
             .
          
           
             But
             besides
             the
             purification
             of
             salt
             by
             evaporation
             ,
             it
             may
             be
             further
             purified
             ,
             if
             instead
             of
             evaporation
             of
             the
             humidity
             ,
             you
             set
             some
             of
             it
             a
             Crystallizing
             in
             a
             cool
             place
             ,
             for
             very
             pure
             salt
             is
             found
             at
             bottom
             of
             the
             vessel
             ,
             which
             salt
             may
             be
             separated
             from
             the
             water
             ,
             and
             dried
             ,
             and
             you
             may
             then
             evaporate
             again
             some
             part
             of
             the
             salt
             liquor
             ,
             and
             set
             it
             in
             a
             Celler
             a
             Crystallizing
             ,
             and
             so
             continue
             your
             evaporations
             and
             Crystallizations
             ;
             but
             at
             last
             you
             must
             be
             fain
             to
             evaporate
             all
             the
             liquor
             ,
             because
             at
             last
             it
             will
             Crystallize
             no
             longer
             ,
             the
             reason
             whereof
             is
             ,
             that
             the
             remaining
             salt
             is
             full
             of
             a
             fat
             bituminous
             matter
             ,
             which
             is
             in
             a
             manner
             inseparable
             from
             it
             ,
             and
             this
             it
             is
             that
             hinders
             the
             Crystallizing
             at
             last
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             probable
             that
             this
             fat
             matter
             may
             come
             from
             the
             earth
             of
             those
             marshes
             that
             were
             spoken
             of
             .
          
           
             The
             first
             Crystallized
             salt
             being
             put
             into
             
               Oil
               of
               Tartar
            
             ,
             or
             some
             other
             alkali
             salt
             dissolved
             ,
             does
             mix
             with
             it
             without
             making
             any
             Ebullition
             ,
             because
             although
             sea
             salt
             is
             acid
             ,
             yet
             its
             points
             are
             too
             gross
             ,
             and
             have
             too
             little
             motion
             ,
             to
             separate
             the
             parts
             of
             the
             alkali
             .
          
           
             The
             last
             salt
             being
             dried
             over
             the
             fire
             ,
             and
             mixed
             with
             some
             alkali
             salt
             rendred
             liquid
             ,
             such
             as
             
               Oil
               of
               Tartar
            
             ,
             makes
             a
             Coagulation
             and
             precipitation
             of
             a
             substance
             that
             appears
             saline
             and
             
             oily
             ;
             this
             Coagulation
             does
             proceed
             from
             the
             mixture
             and
             adhesion
             of
             some
             Bituminous
             earth
             with
             the
             sea-salt
             and
             the
             Tartar
             ;
             for
             the
             salts
             do
             easily
             unite
             with
             oily
             substances
             ,
             and
             in
             them
             lose
             their
             activity
             .
          
           
             Many
             acid
             Bituminous
             salts
             which
             are
             drawn
             by
             the
             Evaporation
             of
             certain
             Mineral
             waters
             ,
             such
             as
             those
             of
             Baleruc
             in
             Languedoc
             ,
             and
             Digne
             in
             Provence
             ,
             do
             perform
             the
             same
             effects
             ,
             when
             they
             are
             mixed
             with
             
               Oil
               of
               Tartar.
            
             
          
           
             This
             Coagulum
             does
             not
             dissolve
             in
             water
             ,
             as
             well
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             different
             nature
             of
             the
             salts
             it
             is
             compounded
             of
             ,
             as
             the
             oily
             earth
             that
             holds
             them
             together
             ;
             but
             it
             will
             dissolve
             in
             distilled
             Vinegar
             ,
             and
             several
             other
             acid
             liquors
             ,
             and
             then
             happens
             an
             effervescency
             ,
             because
             the
             acid
             does
             penetrate
             the
             salt
             of
             Tartar
             ,
             whose
             parts
             the
             sea-salt
             had
             no
             power
             to
             separate
             .
          
           
             
               Calcination
               of
               Common
               Salt.
               
            
             
               Heat
               a
               pot
               ,
               that
               's
               unglazed
               ,
               red-hot
               ;
               throw
               into
               it
               about
               an
               ounce
               of
               sea-salt
               ,
               then
               cover
               it
               ,
               and
               it
               will
               crackle
               ,
               and
               so
               fall
               into
               powder
               :
               this
               noise
               is
               called
               Decrepitation
               :
               when
               it
               is
               over
               ,
               put
               so
               much
               more
               salt
               into
               the
               pot
               ,
               and
               continue
               to
               do
               so
               ,
               till
               you
               have
               enough
               .
               The
               pot
               must
               be
               sure
               to
               be
               red-hot
               all
               the
               while
               :
               when
               the
               crackling
               is
               over
               ,
               take
               the
               pot
               out
               of
               the
               fire
               ,
               and
               when
               it
               is
               cold
               ,
               put
               the
               salt
               into
               a
               bottle
               ,
               and
               stop
               it
               well
               ,
               to
               hinder
               the
               air
               from
               entring
               in
               to
               moisten
               it
               anew
               .
               Bags
               full
               of
               it
               are
               applied
               behind
               the
               neck
               warm
               ,
               (
               to
               consume
               too
               great
               a
               
               a
               moisture
               of
               the
               Brain
               )
               by
               opening
               of
               the
               pores
               .
               It
               is
               used
               likewise
               in
               several
               Chymical
               operations
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 That
                 which
                 makes
                 the
                 Salt
                 crackle
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 fire
                 ,
                 is
                 an
                 inwardly
                 contained
                 moisture
                 ,
                 which
                 upon
                 its
                 being
                 rarefied
                 doth
                 force
                 its
                 way
                 out
                 with
                 impetuosity
                 ,
                 and
                 finding
                 the
                 pores
                 too
                 closely
                 shut
                 to
                 suffer
                 an
                 easie
                 escape
                 ,
                 doth
                 break
                 through
                 the
                 parts
                 and
                 open
                 a
                 passage
                 .
                 Now
                 every
                 thing
                 else
                 that
                 hath
                 close
                 compact
                 pores
                 ,
                 will
                 make
                 such
                 a
                 noise
                 too
                 in
                 the
                 Calcination
                 ,
                 as
                 do
                 glass
                 and
                 shells
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 have
                 occasion
                 to
                 use
                 Salt
                 decrepitated
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 convenient
                 to
                 have
                 it
                 newly
                 Calcined
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 moisture
                 of
                 the
                 air
                 does
                 return
                 again
                 what
                 the
                 fire
                 had
                 driven
                 away
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 you
                 would
                 keep
                 it
                 any
                 time
                 ,
                 let
                 it
                 be
                 in
                 a
                 glass
                 bottle
                 well
                 stopt
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 this
                 Salt
                 is
                 deprived
                 of
                 all
                 humidity
                 by
                 its
                 Calcination
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 absorb
                 serosities
                 much
                 better
                 than
                 common
                 salt
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 laid
                 hot
                 behind
                 the
                 neck
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 that
                 opening
                 the
                 pores
                 it
                 may
                 facilitate
                 transpiration
                 .
                 A
                 little
                 Salt
                 of
                 Tartar
                 may
                 be
                 mixed
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 to
                 render
                 it
                 the
                 more
                 active
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Spirit
               of
               Salt.
               
            
             
               This
               Spirit
               is
               a
               very
               acid
               liquor
               ,
               drawn
               from
               Salt
               by
               distillation
               .
            
             
             
               Dry
               Salt
               over
               a
               little
               fire
               ,
               or
               else
               in
               the
               Sun
               ,
               then
               powder
               finely
               two
               pounds
               of
               it
               ,
               mix
               it
               well
               with
               six
               pounds
               of
               Potters
               earth
               powdered
               ,
               make
               up
               a
               hard
               paste
               of
               this
               mixture
               with
               as
               much
               rain-water
               as
               is
               needful
               ,
               form
               out
               of
               it
               little
               pellets
               of
               the
               bigness
               of
               a
               Nut
               ,
               and
               set
               them
               in
               the
               Sun
               a
               good
               while
               a
               drying
               ;
               when
               they
               are
               perfectly
               dry
               ,
               put
               them
               into
               a
               large
               earthen
               Retort
               ,
               or
               glass
               one
               luted
               ,
               whereof
               a
               third
               part
               remains
               empty
               ;
               place
               this
               Retort
               in
               a
               Reverberatory
               Furnace
               ,
               and
               fit
               to
               it
               a
               large
               capacious
               Receiver
               ,
               without
               luting
               the
               junctures
               ,
               give
               a
               very
               moderate
               heat
               at
               first
               to
               warm
               the
               Retort
               ,
               and
               make
               an
               insipid
               water
               come
               forth
               drop
               by
               drop
               ;
               when
               you
               perceive
               some
               white
               clouds
               succeed
               these
               drops
               ,
               pour
               out
               that
               which
               is
               in
               the
               Receiver
               ,
               and
               having
               refitted
               it
               ,
               lute
               the
               junctures
               close
               ;
               encrease
               the
               fire
               by
               degrees
               to
               the
               last
               degree
               of
               all
               ,
               and
               continue
               it
               in
               this
               condition
               twelve
               or
               fifteen
               hours
               ;
               all
               this
               while
               the
               Receiver
               will
               be
               hot
               ,
               and
               full
               of
               white
               clouds
               ,
               but
               when
               it
               grows
               cold
               ,
               and
               the
               clouds
               do
               disappear
               ,
               the
               Operation
               is
               at
               an
               end
               ;
               unlute
               the
               junctures
               ,
               and
               you
               'l
               find
               the
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Salt
              
               in
               the
               Receiver
               ,
               pour
               it
               into
               an
               earthen
               ,
               or
               glass
               bottle
               ,
               and
               stop
               it
               well
               with
               wax
               :
               it
               is
               an
               Aperitive
               ,
               and
               is
               used
               in
               Juleps
               to
               an
               agreeable
               acidity
               for
               such
               as
               are
               subject
               to
               the
               Gravel
               .
               It
               is
               likewise
               used
               for
               cleansing
               the
               Teeth
               ,
               being
               temper'd
               with
               a
               little
               water
               ,
               and
               to
               consume
               the
               rottenness
               of
               bones
               .
            
             
               To
               make
               the
               dulcified
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Salt
              
               of
               
                 Basilius
                 Valentinus
              
               ,
               you
               must
               mix
               equal
               parts
               of
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Salt
              
               and
               Wine
               ,
               and
               set
               them
               in
               digestion
               two
               or
               three
               days
               in
               a
               double
               Vessel
               ,
               in
               a
               gentle
               sand-heat
               .
               
               It
               is
               esteemed
               better
               than
               t'other
               to
               be
               taken
               inwardly
               ,
               because
               it
               is
               less
               Corrosive
               ,
               being
               corrected
               by
               the
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Wine
              
               ;
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               four
               to
               twelve
               drops
               in
               some
               liquor
               appropriate
               to
               the
               disease
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Potters
                 earth
                 ,
                 is
                 mixed
                 with
                 the
                 Salt
                 ,
                 to
                 divide
                 it
                 into
                 particles
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 fire
                 may
                 the
                 more
                 easily
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 rarefie
                 it
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 parts
                 which
                 Salt
                 consists
                 of
                 are
                 so
                 strictly
                 united
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 utmost
                 force
                 of
                 fire
                 is
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 disengage
                 them
                 ,
                 until
                 they
                 are
                 separated
                 by
                 some
                 Intermedium
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 preparation
                 that
                 I
                 give
                 unto
                 Salt
                 ,
                 before
                 it
                 is
                 put
                 into
                 the
                 Retort
                 ,
                 is
                 longer
                 than
                 the
                 common
                 sort
                 ;
                 but
                 I
                 have
                 observed
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Spirit
                 comes
                 forth
                 with
                 less
                 difficulty
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 matter
                 is
                 prepared
                 according
                 to
                 this
                 form
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 must
                 leave
                 a
                 vacuity
                 in
                 the
                 Retort
                 ,
                 and
                 fit
                 to
                 it
                 a
                 large
                 Receiver
                 ,
                 for
                 giving
                 liberty
                 to
                 the
                 spirit
                 to
                 circulate
                 before
                 it
                 dissolves
                 ,
                 otherwise
                 it
                 would
                 break
                 them
                 both
                 .
                 Likewise
                 the
                 fire
                 must
                 be
                 encreased
                 by
                 little
                 and
                 little
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 first
                 Spirits
                 do
                 break
                 out
                 with
                 a
                 mighty
                 violence
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 driven
                 too
                 hard
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 ways
                 of
                 drawing
                 the
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Salt
                
                 without
                 addition
                 have
                 been
                 much
                 sought
                 after
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 is
                 not
                 yet
                 well
                 discovered
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 true
                 indeed
                 ,
                 
                   Monsieur
                   Seignette
                
                 ,
                 an
                 Apothecary
                 of
                 Rochell
                 ,
                 among
                 other
                 excellent
                 discoveries
                 that
                 he
                 hath
                 made
                 on
                 Salts
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 knowledge
                 of
                 which
                 he
                 hath
                 
                 particularly
                 applied
                 himself
                 ,
                 brought
                 me
                 hither
                 a
                 sea-salt
                 in
                 the
                 year
                 1672
                 ,
                 that
                 we
                 distilled
                 without
                 addition
                 of
                 any
                 thing
                 else
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 very
                 moderate
                 fire
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 two
                 hours
                 time
                 we
                 drew
                 three
                 ounces
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 of
                 very
                 good
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 six
                 ounces
                 of
                 salt
                 ,
                 that
                 we
                 put
                 into
                 the
                 Retort
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 we
                 broke
                 the
                 Retort
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 powdered
                 the
                 Salt
                 that
                 remained
                 in
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 weight
                 of
                 two
                 ounces
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 ,
                 we
                 exposed
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 air
                 in
                 a
                 pan
                 for
                 a
                 fortnight
                 ,
                 and
                 we
                 found
                 it
                 reimpregnated
                 with
                 Spirits
                 ;
                 we
                 distilled
                 it
                 once
                 more
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 ease
                 as
                 before
                 ,
                 we
                 drew
                 half
                 its
                 weight
                 in
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 force
                 as
                 the
                 former
                 .
                 The
                 matter
                 remaining
                 in
                 the
                 Retort
                 being
                 again
                 exposed
                 to
                 the
                 air
                 recovered
                 new
                 Spirits
                 .
                 
                   Monsieur
                   Seignette
                
                 did
                 assure
                 me
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 thus
                 drawn
                 Spirit
                 from
                 the
                 same
                 matter
                 nine
                 several
                 times
                 ;
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 thing
                 worth
                 our
                 admiration
                 ,
                 and
                 shews
                 us
                 very
                 well
                 that
                 the
                 air
                 contains
                 a
                 spirit
                 which
                 forms
                 divers
                 things
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 different
                 disposition
                 of
                 the
                 subjects
                 that
                 it
                 enters
                 into
                 .
                 This
                 salt
                 is
                 particular
                 to
                 him
                 that
                 shewed
                 it
                 me
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 prepares
                 it
                 himself
                 some
                 way
                 that
                 he
                 is
                 unwilling
                 to
                 discover
                 .
              
               
                 Since
                 I
                 writ
                 of
                 Monsieur
                 Seignette's
                 particular
                 way
                 of
                 drawing
                 
                   spirit
                   of
                   salt
                
                 ,
                 some
                 have
                 Printed
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 common
                 salt
                 well
                 decrepitated
                 ,
                 and
                 kept
                 a
                 good
                 while
                 over
                 the
                 fire
                 ,
                 were
                 exposed
                 to
                 the
                 air
                 for
                 some
                 dayes
                 ,
                 and
                 distilled
                 without
                 addition
                 of
                 any
                 thing
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 yield
                 a
                 spirit
                 much
                 like
                 that
                 I
                 have
                 spoken
                 of
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 full
                 as
                 great
                 a
                 quantity
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 if
                 we
                 examine
                 the
                 sharp
                 liquor
                 which
                 is
                 drawn
                 this
                 way
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 find
                 it
                 of
                 so
                 weak
                 a
                 nature
                 ,
                 
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 more
                 reasonably
                 be
                 called
                 phlegm
                 ,
                 than
                 spirit
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 salt
                 remains
                 entire
                 in
                 the
                 Retort
                 ;
                 whereas
                 M.
                 
                 Seignette's
                 spirit
                 of
                 salt
                 is
                 full
                 as
                 strong
                 as
                 common
                 spirit
                 of
                 salt
                 ,
                 and
                 has
                 the
                 very
                 same
                 qualities
                 ,
                 nay
                 I
                 conceive
                 it
                 somewhat
                 better
                 ,
                 as
                 not
                 having
                 so
                 great
                 an
                 impression
                 from
                 fire
                 as
                 the
                 other
                 .
              
               
                 Again
                 some
                 say
                 ,
                 it
                 does
                 not
                 deserve
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 spirit
                 of
                 sea-salt
                 ,
                 nor
                 ought
                 this
                 preparation
                 to
                 be
                 look't
                 upon
                 as
                 any
                 great
                 mystery
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 same
                 incorporation
                 and
                 augmentation
                 happens
                 to
                 divers
                 other
                 salts
                 exposed
                 to
                 the
                 air
                 ,
                 after
                 drawing
                 off
                 their
                 spirit
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 grant
                 this
                 augmentation
                 proceeds
                 from
                 the
                 spirit
                 of
                 the
                 air
                 ,
                 and
                 I
                 conceive
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 same
                 spirit
                 which
                 produces
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 things
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Matrixes
                 ,
                 or
                 different
                 pores
                 of
                 the
                 earth
                 it
                 uses
                 to
                 meet
                 with
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 explicated
                 in
                 my
                 Remarks
                 upon
                 the
                 Principles
                 .
                 But
                 because
                 this
                 spirit
                 of
                 the
                 air
                 has
                 met
                 with
                 pores
                 in
                 our
                 matter
                 ,
                 ready
                 disposed
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 salt
                 much
                 like
                 unto
                 common
                 salt
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 spirit
                 is
                 drawn
                 from
                 it
                 much
                 like
                 unto
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 drawn
                 from
                 common
                 salt
                 ,
                 I
                 see
                 no
                 reason
                 to
                 doubt
                 why
                 this
                 spirit
                 should
                 not
                 be
                 a
                 true
                 spirit
                 of
                 salt
                 ;
                 all
                 the
                 difference
                 is
                 this
                 ,
                 the
                 salt
                 I
                 now
                 speak
                 of
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 throughly
                 united
                 to
                 its
                 earthy
                 part
                 ,
                 as
                 common
                 salt
                 is
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 its
                 spirits
                 do
                 separate
                 with
                 more
                 ease
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 are
                 drawn
                 without
                 addition
                 of
                 any
                 thing
                 else
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 a
                 gentle
                 fire
                 ,
                 whereas
                 those
                 of
                 common
                 salt
                 are
                 so
                 fixt
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 can't
                 be
                 driven
                 out
                 ,
                 without
                 mixing
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 earth
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 separate
                 all
                 its
                 parts
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 a
                 very
                 great
                 fire
                 .
              
               
               
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 augmentation
                 which
                 happens
                 to
                 many
                 other
                 bodies
                 exposed
                 to
                 the
                 air
                 ,
                 after
                 their
                 spirits
                 are
                 drawn
                 off
                 ,
                 I
                 don't
                 question
                 the
                 matter
                 of
                 fact
                 ,
                 nor
                 that
                 these
                 same
                 substances
                 do
                 return
                 into
                 what
                 they
                 were
                 before
                 ,
                 by
                 impregnating
                 again
                 with
                 spirits
                 of
                 the
                 air
                 in
                 some
                 considerable
                 time
                 ;
                 but
                 it
                 is
                 rarely
                 found
                 that
                 any
                 of
                 them
                 do
                 yield
                 so
                 strong
                 spirits
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 easily
                 as
                 our
                 salt
                 ,
                 and
                 herein
                 lies
                 the
                 mystery
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 observable
                 that
                 the
                 acids
                 which
                 are
                 drawn
                 by
                 so
                 violent
                 a
                 fire
                 do
                 very
                 much
                 differ
                 from
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 made
                 naturally
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 the
                 Vinegars
                 of
                 Beer
                 ,
                 Wine
                 ,
                 Cider
                 ,
                 the
                 acid
                 of
                 Citron
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 The
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   salt
                
                 among
                 others
                 hath
                 some
                 particular
                 difference
                 from
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 will
                 precipitate
                 that
                 which
                 
                   Aqua
                   fortis
                
                 hath
                 dissolved
                 .
                 This
                 acid
                 ,
                 according
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 judged
                 by
                 its
                 effects
                 ,
                 is
                 compounded
                 of
                 stronger
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 weighty
                 points
                 than
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 but
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 so
                 sharp
                 and
                 piercing
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 is
                 the
                 reason
                 that
                 it
                 jogs
                 so
                 effectually
                 those
                 of
                 
                   Aqua
                   fortis
                
                 loaded
                 with
                 some
                 bodies
                 they
                 have
                 dissolved
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 shaking
                 them
                 about
                 it
                 makes
                 them
                 let
                 go
                 their
                 hold
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 have
                 writ
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 precipitation
                 must
                 not
                 be
                 imputed
                 either
                 to
                 the
                 weight
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 strength
                 ,
                 no
                 more
                 than
                 to
                 the
                 agitation
                 ,
                 which
                 spirit
                 of
                 salt
                 may
                 have
                 given
                 to
                 the
                 
                   Aqua
                   fortis
                
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 matters
                 dissolved
                 ,
                 but
                 rather
                 to
                 the
                 conjunction
                 of
                 the
                 acidity
                 of
                 this
                 spirit
                 with
                 the
                 volatile
                 and
                 sulphureous
                 alkali
                 of
                 
                   Aqua
                   fortis
                
                 ,
                 or
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 ,
                 which
                 does
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 constrain
                 this
                 last
                 to
                 abandon
                 the
                 metal
                 which
                 it
                 had
                 dissolved
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 this
                 is
                 the
                 way
                 to
                 explicate
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 one
                 obscure
                 thing
                 by
                 another
                 that
                 is
                 much
                 more
                 obscure
                 ;
                 
                 for
                 what
                 likelihood
                 is
                 there
                 that
                 the
                 volatile
                 spirit
                 of
                 
                   Aqua
                   fortis
                
                 is
                 an
                 alkali
                 ?
                 and
                 pray
                 how
                 comes
                 it
                 to
                 remain
                 in
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 motion
                 with
                 the
                 fixed
                 acid
                 spirit
                 of
                 this
                 same
                 water
                 without
                 destroying
                 or
                 losing
                 its
                 nature
                 ,
                 this
                 is
                 a
                 thing
                 that
                 can
                 never
                 be
                 conceived
                 very
                 easily
                 .
                 But
                 furthermore
                 supposing
                 this
                 spirit
                 were
                 an
                 alkali
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 still
                 necessary
                 to
                 explicate
                 mechanically
                 ,
                 for
                 what
                 reason
                 this
                 alkali
                 does
                 quit
                 the
                 body
                 of
                 the
                 metal
                 to
                 betake
                 itself
                 to
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 salt
                 ;
                 for
                 to
                 say
                 meerly
                 that
                 by
                 the
                 conjunction
                 of
                 these
                 two
                 spirits
                 the
                 
                   Aqua
                   fortis
                
                 is
                 compelled
                 to
                 abandon
                 the
                 metal
                 that
                 it
                 had
                 dissolved
                 ,
                 is
                 nothing
                 at
                 all
                 to
                 the
                 clearing
                 of
                 the
                 question
                 ,
                 unless
                 a
                 man
                 will
                 needs
                 give
                 an
                 intelligence
                 to
                 these
                 spirits
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 we
                 must
                 still
                 have
                 recourse
                 to
                 the
                 agitation
                 and
                 jostles
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 true
                 reason
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 also
                 remarkable
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 effervescency
                 which
                 happens
                 when
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Salt
                
                 is
                 cast
                 into
                 the
                 solution
                 of
                 some
                 bodies
                 by
                 
                   Aqua
                   fortis
                
                 ,
                 is
                 different
                 from
                 that
                 which
                 happens
                 when
                 some
                 alkali
                 is
                 cast
                 into
                 it
                 ,
                 the
                 former
                 being
                 much
                 more
                 gentle
                 than
                 the
                 latter
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Salt
                
                 dissolves
                 leaf
                 gold
                 ,
                 which
                 
                   Aqua
                   fortis
                
                 is
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 do
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 this
                 Spirit
                 is
                 dulcified
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 mixed
                 with
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Wine
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 a
                 Sulphur
                 doth
                 take
                 off
                 the
                 edges
                 of
                 the
                 acid
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 part
                 hinders
                 their
                 motion
                 ;
                 whence
                 it
                 comes
                 to
                 pass
                 that
                 this
                 Spirit
                 is
                 milder
                 by
                 this
                 addition
                 ,
                 than
                 if
                 water
                 had
                 been
                 used
                 instead
                 of
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Wine
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Salt
                
                 may
                 be
                 made
                 with
                 Salt
                 Decrepitated
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             XVI
             .
             
               Of
               Niter
               or
               Salt-peter
            
             .
          
           
             IT
             is
             probable
             that
             the
             Niter
             of
             the
             antients
             was
             either
             the
             
               Aegyptian
               Natron
            
             ,
             or
             a
             salt
             that
             is
             found
             in
             the
             earth
             in
             a
             gray
             compact
             mass
             ,
             or
             else
             the
             natural
             Borax
             ,
             or
             the
             salt
             which
             is
             drawn
             from
             the
             water
             of
             the
             river
             Nilus
             ,
             and
             many
             other
             rivers
             .
             And
             it
             may
             be
             ,
             that
             all
             these
             salts
             are
             divers
             kinds
             of
             their
             Niter
             ,
             but
             the
             Niter
             of
             the
             moderns
             is
             nothing
             else
             but
             Salt-peter
             ,
             and
             this
             is
             that
             of
             which
             I
             intend
             to
             speak
             .
          
           
             Niter
             is
             a
             Salt
             impregnated
             with
             abundance
             of
             Spirits
             out
             of
             the
             air
             which
             do
             render
             it
             volatile
             ;
             it
             is
             taken
             from
             among
             the
             stones
             and
             earths
             of
             old
             ruined
             buildings
             .
             Some
             of
             it
             is
             likewise
             to
             be
             found
             in
             Cellars
             ,
             and
             several
             other
             moist
             places
             ,
             because
             the
             air
             doth
             condense
             it
             in
             those
             places
             ,
             and
             easily
             unites
             with
             the
             stones
             .
          
           
             Salt-peter
             is
             also
             sometimes
             made
             by
             the
             Urine
             of
             Animals
             ,
             falling
             upon
             stones
             and
             earths
             .
             Nay
             some
             have
             thought
             that
             all
             Salt-peter
             comes
             from
             that
             cause
             ,
             whereas
             we
             see
             every
             day
             that
             some
             of
             it
             is
             taken
             out
             of
             places
             ,
             where
             there
             never
             came
             any
             Urine
             at
             all
             .
             This
             salt
             is
             half
             volatile
             ,
             and
             half
             like
             unto
             
               Sal
               Gemme
            
             as
             I
             shall
             prove
             hereafter
             .
          
           
             The
             great
             and
             violent
             flame
             which
             happens
             so
             soon
             as
             Salt-peter
             is
             flung
             upon
             the
             coals
             ,
             and
             the
             
             red
             vapours
             which
             it
             uses
             to
             yield
             when
             reduced
             into
             a
             spirit
             ,
             have
             induced
             the
             Chymists
             generally
             to
             believe
             that
             this
             salt
             is
             inflammable
             ,
             and
             consequently
             fully
             loaded
             with
             Sulphur
             ,
             because
             Sulphur
             is
             the
             only
             Principle
             that
             flames
             ;
             but
             if
             they
             had
             suspended
             their
             judgments
             herein
             ,
             until
             they
             had
             got
             more
             experience
             on
             this
             Subject
             ,
             they
             would
             not
             only
             have
             known
             that
             Salt-peter
             is
             not
             at
             all
             inflammable
             in
             its
             nature
             ,
             but
             they
             would
             e'en
             have
             doubted
             whether
             or
             no
             any
             Sulphur
             does
             enter
             into
             the
             natural
             composition
             of
             this
             salt
             ;
             for
             if
             Salt-peter
             were
             inflammable
             of
             it self
             like
             Sulphur
             ,
             it
             would
             burn
             where
             there
             is
             no
             Sulphur
             ,
             for
             example
             in
             a
             Crucible
             heated
             red-hot
             in
             the
             fire
             ;
             but
             it
             will
             never
             flame
             therein
             ,
             use
             what
             quantity
             of
             it
             you
             please
             ,
             and
             let
             the
             fire
             be
             never
             so
             great
             .
             It
             is
             true
             indeeed
             ,
             if
             you
             throw
             Salt-peter
             upon
             kindled
             coals
             ,
             it
             makes
             a
             great
             flame
             ,
             but
             this
             is
             only
             through
             the
             sulphureous
             Fuliginosities
             of
             the
             coals
             ,
             which
             are
             violently
             raised
             and
             rarefied
             by
             the
             volatile
             nature
             of
             Niter
             ,
             as
             I
             shall
             prove
             in
             the
             Operation
             upon
             fixt
             Niter
             .
          
           
             As
             for
             any
             Sulphur
             that
             is
             thought
             to
             be
             contained
             in
             Salt-peter
             ,
             it
             can't
             be
             demonstrated
             by
             any
             Operation
             whatever
             ,
             for
             the
             red
             vapours
             that
             come
             from
             it
             are
             no
             more
             inflammable
             than
             the
             Niter
             ,
             when
             they
             are
             not
             mixt
             with
             some
             Sulphureous
             matter
             ;
             and
             it
             is
             far
             more
             probable
             ,
             that
             this
             salt
             contains
             no
             Sulphur
             ,
             if
             we
             consider
             its
             cleanness
             ,
             transparency
             ,
             acidity
             ,
             and
             cooling
             quality
             ,
             which
             have
             no
             manner
             of
             affinity
             with
             the
             effects
             of
             Sulphur
             ,
             which
             are
             commonly
             to
             make
             a
             body
             opake
             ,
             to
             take
             off
             acidity
             ,
             and
             to
             heat
             .
          
           
             
             
               Purification
               of
               Salt-peter
               .
            
             
               To
               purifie
               Salt-peter
               is
               to
               deprive
               it
               of
               part
               of
               its
               fixt
               salt
               ,
               and
               of
               a
               little
               bituminous
               earth
               ,
               which
               it
               contains
               .
            
             
               Dissolve
               ten
               or
               twelve
               pounds
               of
               Salt-peter
               in
               a
               sufficient
               quantity
               of
               water
               ,
               let
               the
               dissolution
               settle
               ,
               and
               filtrate
               it
               ,
               then
               evaporate
               it
               in
               a
               glass
               or
               earthen
               vessel
               ,
               to
               the
               diminution
               of
               half
               ,
               or
               until
               there
               begins
               to
               appear
               a
               little
               skin
               upon
               it
               ;
               then
               remove
               your
               vessel
               into
               a
               cool
               place
               ,
               stirring
               it
               as
               little
               as
               may
               be
               ,
               and
               leave
               it
               there
               till
               the
               morrow
               ,
               you
               'l
               find
               Crystals
               which
               you
               must
               separate
               from
               the
               liquor
               ;
               evaporate
               this
               liquor
               again
               to
               a
               skin
               ,
               and
               set
               the
               vessel
               in
               a
               cool
               place
               ,
               to
               get
               new
               Crystals
               ;
               repeat
               the
               evaporations
               ,
               and
               Crystallizations
               ,
               until
               you
               have
               drawn
               all
               your
               Salt-peter
               .
            
             
               Note
               that
               in
               the
               last
               Crystallizations
               ,
               you
               'l
               have
               a
               Salt
               altogether
               like
               unto
               sea-salt
               ,
               or
               
                 Sal
                 Gemme
              
               ,
               keep
               it
               apart
               ,
               it
               may
               serve
               to
               season
               meat
               with
               .
            
             
               The
               first
               Crystals
               are
               the
               pure
               Salt-peter
               .
            
             
               You
               may
               ,
               if
               you
               please
               ,
               dissolve
               and
               purifie
               Salt-peter
               several
               other
               times
               in
               water
               ,
               observing
               every
               time
               what
               I
               said
               before
               ,
               for
               to
               render
               it
               more
               white
               ,
               and
               purifie
               it
               from
               its
               Sea-salt
               .
            
             
               Salt-peter
               purified
               is
               a
               great
               aperitive
               ,
               it
               cools
               the
               body
               by
               fixing
               the
               humours
               that
               are
               in
               too
               much
               motion
               ,
               and
               drives
               them
               by
               Urine
               .
               It
               is
               given
               in
               Feavers
               ,
               in
               Gonorrheas
               ,
               and
               many
               other
               diseases
               ;
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               ten
               grains
               to
               a
               drachm
               in
               Broth
               ,
               or
               some
               appropriate
               liquor
               .
            
             
               
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 first
                 Purification
                 that
                 is
                 given
                 to
                 Salt-peter
                 is
                 this
                 :
                 the
                 stones
                 and
                 earths
                 that
                 contain
                 it
                 are
                 grosly
                 powdered
                 ;
                 they
                 are
                 boiled
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 water
                 ,
                 to
                 dissolve
                 the
                 Salt-peter
                 :
                 the
                 dissolution
                 is
                 filtred
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 poured
                 upon
                 ashes
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 Lixivium
                 ;
                 after
                 it
                 hath
                 been
                 poured
                 upon
                 the
                 ashes
                 several
                 times
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 evaporated
                 and
                 Crystallized
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 salt
                 of
                 the
                 ashes
                 which
                 does
                 mix
                 with
                 the
                 Salt-peter
                 ,
                 increases
                 its
                 fixt
                 part
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 made
                 without
                 ashes
                 is
                 the
                 better
                 to
                 make
                 
                   Aqua
                   fortis
                
                 with
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 earth
                 from
                 whence
                 Salt-peter
                 hath
                 been
                 drawn
                 ,
                 being
                 set
                 in
                 the
                 open
                 air
                 ,
                 and
                 stirred
                 about
                 from
                 time
                 to
                 time
                 ,
                 doth
                 re-impregnate
                 with
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Salt.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 long
                 Crystals
                 that
                 we
                 see
                 Salt-peter
                 shoot
                 into
                 ,
                 do
                 proceed
                 from
                 its
                 volatile
                 part
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 Crystallized
                 last
                 ,
                 is
                 fixt
                 like
                 sea-salt
                 ,
                 and
                 looks
                 just
                 like
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 Salt-peter
                 can
                 never
                 be
                 purified
                 so
                 well
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 will
                 still
                 contain
                 a
                 salt
                 like
                 unto
                 
                   Sal
                   Gemme
                
                 ,
                 or
                 sea-salt
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 less
                 quantity
                 than
                 before
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 Salt-peter
                 is
                 boiled
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 in
                 water
                 ,
                 and
                 over
                 a
                 great
                 fire
                 ,
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Spirits
                 do
                 fly
                 away
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 remains
                 at
                 last
                 nothing
                 but
                 a
                 salt
                 like
                 unto
                 sea-salt
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   Sal
                   Gemme
                
                 ,
                 which
                 serves
                 to
                 prove
                 that
                 Salt-peter
                 is
                 only
                 a
                 
                   Sal
                   Gemme
                
                 fuller
                 of
                 Spirits
                 than
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 said
                 speaking
                 of
                 the
                 Principles
                 .
              
               
               
                 When
                 you
                 would
                 Crystallize
                 a
                 Salt
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 dissolve
                 it
                 in
                 a
                 convenient
                 proportion
                 of
                 water
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 there
                 should
                 be
                 too
                 much
                 ,
                 the
                 salt
                 would
                 be
                 weakned
                 too
                 much
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 coagulate
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 there
                 should
                 be
                 too
                 little
                 ,
                 the
                 Crystals
                 would
                 be
                 confused
                 .
                 Therefore
                 to
                 make
                 them
                 fair
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 take
                 your
                 vessel
                 off
                 the
                 fire
                 ,
                 when
                 you
                 perceive
                 a
                 little
                 skin
                 upon
                 the
                 liquor
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 mark
                 to
                 shew
                 that
                 there
                 remains
                 a
                 little
                 less
                 liquor
                 than
                 is
                 convenient
                 to
                 keep
                 all
                 the
                 salt
                 dissolved
                 ,
                 and
                 thus
                 when
                 it
                 comes
                 to
                 be
                 set
                 in
                 a
                 cool
                 place
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 not
                 fail
                 to
                 fix
                 .
              
               
                 Acid
                 salts
                 ,
                 and
                 among
                 them
                 the
                 volatile
                 ,
                 do
                 Crystallize
                 in
                 much
                 less
                 time
                 than
                 others
                 .
              
               
                 Salt-peter
                 cools
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 that
                 being
                 an
                 acid
                 it
                 depresses
                 the
                 humours
                 ,
                 which
                 by
                 their
                 too
                 great
                 motion
                 did
                 heat
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 precipitates
                 them
                 by
                 Urine
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 volatile
                 salts
                 and
                 sulphurs
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 bodies
                 are
                 full
                 of
                 ,
                 are
                 easily
                 fixed
                 and
                 quieted
                 by
                 acids
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Crystal
               Mineral
               ,
               called
               
                 Sal
                 Prunellae
              
               .
            
             
               This
               operation
               is
               a
               Salt-peter
               ,
               from
               which
               some
               of
               the
               volatile
               part
               hath
               been
               separated
               ,
               by
               the
               means
               of
               Sulphur
               and
               fire
               .
            
             
               Bruise
               two
               and
               thirty
               ounces
               of
               Purified
               Salt-peter
               ,
               and
               put
               it
               into
               a
               Crucible
               ,
               which
               you
               must
               set
               in
               a
               furnace
               among
               burning
               coals
               .
               When
               the
               Salt-peter
               is
               melted
               ,
               throw
               into
               it
               an
               ounce
               of
               flower
               of
               Sulphur
               ,
               a
               spoonful
               at
               a
               time
               ,
               the
               matter
               will
               presently
               flame
               ,
               and
               the
               more
               volatile
               spirits
               of
               Salt-peter
               fly
               away
               :
               when
               the
               flame
               is
               over
               ,
               
               the
               matter
               will
               remain
               in
               a
               very
               clear
               fusion
               .
               Take
               the
               Crucible
               out
               with
               a
               pair
               of
               tongs
               ,
               and
               turn
               it
               upside
               down
               into
               a
               brass
               bason
               ,
               very
               clean
               ,
               and
               a
               little
               warmed
               before-hand
               ,
               to
               dry
               up
               the
               moisture
               that
               might
               be
               upon
               it
               ;
               shake
               about
               the
               bason
               to
               spread
               the
               matter
               while
               it
               is
               cooling
               ,
               and
               this
               is
               called
               
                 Sal
                 Prunellae
              
               .
               If
               you
               desire
               to
               have
               it
               very
               pure
               ,
               you
               must
               dissolve
               it
               in
               a
               sufficient
               quantity
               of
               water
               ,
               filtrate
               the
               dissolution
               ,
               and
               crystallize
               it
               ,
               as
               I
               have
               said
               in
               the
               Purification
               of
               Salt-peter
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               accounted
               better
               than
               purified
               Salt-peter
               for
               Physical
               uses
               ,
               because
               the
               Sulphur
               is
               thought
               to
               have
               corrected
               it
               .
               It
               is
               given
               to
               cool
               ,
               and
               to
               work
               by
               Urine
               ,
               in
               burning
               Feavers
               ,
               in
               Quinseys
               ,
               Gonorrheas
               ,
               and
               other
               diseases
               ,
               that
               proceed
               from
               heat
               ,
               and
               obstruction
               :
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               ten
               grains
               to
               a
               drachm
               in
               Broth
               ,
               or
               some
               other
               liquor
               appropriate
               to
               the
               distemper
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Preparation
                 is
                 called
                 Sal
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   Lapis
                   prunellae
                
                 ,
                 either
                 because
                 the
                 essential
                 salt
                 which
                 is
                 drawn
                 from
                 prunella
                 or
                 
                   Self
                   heal
                
                 hath
                 ,
                 near
                 upon
                 the
                 matter
                 ,
                 the
                 same
                 virtue
                 and
                 figure
                 as
                 
                   Crystal
                   Mineral
                
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 because
                 it
                 is
                 given
                 in
                 hot
                 Feavers
                 ,
                 whose
                 heat
                 is
                 compared
                 to
                 that
                 of
                 a
                 burning
                 coal
                 called
                 Pruna
                 .
                 The
                 Germans
                 do
                 give
                 it
                 the
                 form
                 of
                 a
                 Sloe
                 ,
                 after
                 having
                 coloured
                 it
                 red
                 with
                 Roses
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Antients
                 have
                 thought
                 it
                 necessary
                 to
                 throw
                 
                   Flowers
                   of
                   Sulphur
                
                 on
                 melted
                 Salt-peter
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 it
                 might
                 be
                 made
                 the
                 more
                 Aperitive
                 ;
                 but
                 thereby
                 it
                 is
                 deprived
                 of
                 the
                 more
                 opening
                 spirits
                 
                 which
                 the
                 Sulphur
                 carries
                 away
                 along
                 with
                 it
                 ;
                 thus
                 instead
                 of
                 rendring
                 it
                 more
                 open
                 ,
                 and
                 effectual
                 ,
                 the
                 better
                 part
                 of
                 it
                 is
                 lost
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 easie
                 to
                 perceive
                 that
                 this
                 abuse
                 is
                 one
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 hath
                 insensibly
                 gained
                 upon
                 men
                 ,
                 and
                 diminishes
                 very
                 much
                 from
                 the
                 benefits
                 that
                 might
                 be
                 received
                 from
                 Chymical
                 Physick
                 ,
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 applying
                 themselves
                 to
                 examine
                 well
                 the
                 constituent
                 parts
                 of
                 natural
                 things
                 ,
                 before
                 proposing
                 of
                 correctives
                 .
                 I
                 shall
                 rather
                 advise
                 them
                 to
                 use
                 simple
                 purified
                 Salt-peter
                 ,
                 or
                 purified
                 from
                 its
                 fixt
                 salt
                 three
                 or
                 four
                 several
                 times
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 described
                 ,
                 and
                 I
                 am
                 confident
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 experience
                 that
                 I
                 have
                 often
                 made
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 will
                 better
                 satisfie
                 the
                 intensions
                 of
                 those
                 who
                 use
                 it
                 ,
                 than
                 when
                 it
                 shall
                 have
                 been
                 prepared
                 with
                 Sulphur
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 diminution
                 which
                 is
                 made
                 of
                 the
                 Salt-peter
                 ,
                 is
                 not
                 only
                 of
                 the
                 volatile
                 parts
                 which
                 are
                 carried
                 off
                 with
                 the
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 is
                 likewise
                 of
                 the
                 watry
                 part
                 which
                 this
                 salt
                 does
                 always
                 contain
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 does
                 hereby
                 evaporate
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Crystal
                   Mineral
                
                 is
                 often
                 counterfeited
                 ,
                 by
                 mixing
                 Roche-alom
                 with
                 it
                 during
                 the
                 fusion
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 those
                 men
                 do
                 use
                 a
                 Salt-peter
                 that
                 is
                 not
                 very
                 pure
                 ,
                 this
                 Alom
                 does
                 serve
                 to
                 purifie
                 it
                 ,
                 by
                 causing
                 a
                 thick
                 scum
                 to
                 separate
                 to
                 the
                 sides
                 of
                 the
                 Crucible
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 the
                 
                   Crystal
                   Mineral
                
                 becomes
                 much
                 the
                 whiter
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 adulteration
                 may
                 be
                 known
                 ,
                 in
                 that
                 the
                 
                   Crystal
                   Mineral
                
                 made
                 this
                 way
                 is
                 more
                 glittering
                 than
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 Alom
                 which
                 gives
                 it
                 this
                 colour
                 .
              
               
                 Those
                 who
                 carry
                 about
                 this
                 
                   Crystal
                   Mineral
                
                 to
                 the
                 shops
                 do
                 easily
                 enough
                 vend
                 it
                 for
                 its
                 outward
                 
                 excellency
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 cheapness
                 they
                 sell
                 it
                 at
                 ;
                 for
                 Alom
                 costs
                 but
                 little
                 ,
                 but
                 this
                 sort
                 wants
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 having
                 so
                 good
                 effects
                 as
                 the
                 other
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Sal
               Polychrestum
               .
            
             
               This
               operation
               is
               a
               Salt-peter
               fixed
               by
               Sulphur
               ,
               and
               by
               fire
               .
            
             
               Powder
               and
               mix
               equal
               parts
               of
               Salt-peter
               ,
               and
               common
               Sulphur
               ,
               throw
               about
               an
               ounce
               of
               this
               mixture
               into
               a
               good
               Crucible
               ,
               which
               you
               shall
               have
               heated
               red-hot
               before-hand
               ,
               there
               will
               rise
               a
               great
               flame
               ,
               which
               being
               over
               ,
               throw
               into
               it
               as
               much
               more
               of
               the
               matter
               ,
               and
               continue
               to
               do
               so
               ,
               until
               all
               your
               mixture
               is
               used
               .
               Let
               the
               fire
               continue
               four
               or
               five
               hours
               ,
               so
               as
               to
               keep
               the
               Crucible
               all
               the
               while
               red-hot
               ,
               then
               pour
               out
               the
               matter
               into
               a
               copper
               well
               dried
               by
               the
               fire
               ,
               and
               when
               it
               is
               cold
               ,
               powder
               it
               and
               dissolve
               it
               in
               a
               sufficient
               quantity
               of
               water
               ;
               filtrate
               the
               dissolution
               ,
               and
               evaporate
               it
               in
               an
               earthen
               pan
               or
               a
               glass
               vessel
               ,
               in
               sand
               until
               it
               is
               dry
               .
               You
               must
               fling
               away
               as
               insignificant
               that
               which
               remains
               in
               the
               filter
               .
            
             
               If
               the
               Salt
               be
               not
               altogether
               so
               white
               ,
               as
               we
               would
               have
               it
               ,
               it
               is
               because
               it
               still
               retains
               some
               Sulphur
               ;
               therefore
               you
               must
               calcine
               it
               in
               a
               strong
               fire
               in
               a
               Crucible
               ,
               stirring
               it
               about
               with
               a
               Spatule
               three
               or
               four
               hours
               ,
               or
               until
               it
               becomes
               very
               white
               ;
               then
               repeat
               your
               dissolution
               in
               water
               ,
               your
               filtration
               and
               evaporation
               ;
               thus
               you
               have
               a
               
                 Sal
                 Polychrestum
              
               exceeding
               pure
               .
            
             
               
                 Sal
                 Polychrestum
              
               purges
               serous
               humors
               by
               stool
               ,
               and
               sometimes
               by
               Urine
               :
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               
               half
               a
               drachm
               to
               six
               drachms
               in
               some
               proper
               liquor
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Salt
                 is
                 properly
                 a
                 Salt-peter
                 divested
                 of
                 its
                 volatile
                 part
                 by
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 called
                 Polychrestum
                 from
                 the
                 Greek
                 word
                 
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 good
                 for
                 several
                 uses
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 is
                 used
                 not
                 only
                 to
                 purge
                 by
                 stool
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 urine
                 too
                 ,
                 being
                 taken
                 to
                 the
                 weight
                 of
                 one
                 or
                 two
                 drachms
                 in
                 a
                 quart
                 of
                 water
                 in
                 the
                 morning
                 like
                 a
                 Mineral
                 water
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 commonly
                 used
                 in
                 Infusions
                 of
                 Senna
                 from
                 one
                 scruple
                 to
                 four
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 to
                 increase
                 the
                 strength
                 of
                 the
                 Purgative
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 draw
                 out
                 more
                 strongly
                 the
                 Tincture
                 of
                 Senna
                 .
                 Some
                 do
                 give
                 it
                 to
                 six
                 drachms
                 in
                 a
                 pint
                 or
                 a
                 quart
                 of
                 water
                 ,
                 to
                 purge
                 strongly
                 ;
                 but
                 I
                 would
                 not
                 advise
                 any
                 body
                 to
                 use
                 this
                 Purgative
                 all
                 alone
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 vellications
                 that
                 it
                 gives
                 in
                 passing
                 through
                 the
                 stomach
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Sal
                   Polychrestum
                
                 must
                 by
                 no
                 means
                 be
                 used
                 until
                 it
                 is
                 made
                 very
                 white
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 pure
                 ;
                 for
                 when
                 there
                 remains
                 any
                 gross
                 portion
                 of
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 apt
                 to
                 cause
                 Vertigoes
                 ,
                 stupefaction
                 of
                 the
                 Nerves
                 ,
                 and
                 nauseousness
                 of
                 the
                 stomach
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 used
                 sixteen
                 ounces
                 of
                 purified
                 Salt-peter
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 much
                 sulphur
                 in
                 this
                 operation
                 ,
                 you
                 'l
                 have
                 at
                 last
                 but
                 three
                 ounces
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 of
                 
                   Sal
                   Polychrestum
                
                 very
                 fine
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 you
                 use
                 common
                 Salt-peter
                 instead
                 of
                 purified
                 ,
                 you
                 'l
                 have
                 five
                 ounces
                 of
                 Polychrestum
                 as
                 white
                 as
                 the
                 other
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 difference
                 of
                 weight
                 proceeds
                 from
                 common
                 Salt-peters
                 containing
                 more
                 fixt
                 salt
                 than
                 purified
                 Salt-peter
                 .
              
               
               
                 
                   Sal
                   Polychrestum
                
                 may
                 be
                 Crystallized
                 like
                 Salt-peter
                 and
                 other
                 salts
                 .
                 Its
                 Crystals
                 are
                 very
                 small
                 ,
                 and
                 much
                 like
                 those
                 of
                 sea-salt
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 they
                 are
                 keener
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Monsieur
                   Seignette
                
                 an
                 Apothecary
                 of
                 Rochell
                 whom
                 I
                 have
                 spoke
                 of
                 before
                 ,
                 hath
                 put
                 in
                 use
                 a
                 certain
                 
                   Sal
                   Polychrestum
                
                 ,
                 which
                 seems
                 at
                 first
                 to
                 be
                 like
                 unto
                 this
                 ,
                 but
                 when
                 it
                 comes
                 to
                 be
                 examined
                 ,
                 there
                 's
                 found
                 a
                 notable
                 difference
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 in
                 the
                 Crystallizations
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 thrown
                 into
                 the
                 fire
                 )
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 effects
                 ;
                 for
                 whereas
                 six
                 drachms
                 of
                 this
                 sort
                 taken
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 said
                 ,
                 do
                 cause
                 gripes
                 in
                 pricking
                 the
                 membranes
                 of
                 the
                 stomach
                 ,
                 that
                 of
                 
                   Monsieur
                   Seignette
                
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 quantity
                 doth
                 purge
                 very
                 gently
                 without
                 any
                 gripes
                 at
                 all
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 proves
                 in
                 a
                 little
                 Treatise
                 that
                 he
                 hath
                 made
                 touching
                 the
                 uses
                 of
                 this
                 Polychrestum
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 truth
                 of
                 it
                 I
                 have
                 found
                 my self
                 in
                 several
                 persons
                 .
                 The
                 composition
                 of
                 this
                 salt
                 is
                 known
                 to
                 none
                 but
                 himself
                 ,
                 who
                 having
                 given
                 it
                 a
                 reputation
                 in
                 the
                 chiefest
                 Towns
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 hath
                 left
                 some
                 quantity
                 of
                 it
                 with
                 me
                 to
                 distribute
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 here
                 at
                 Paris
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Spirit
               of
               Niter
               .
            
             
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Niter
              
               is
               a
               liquor
               very
               acid
               and
               corrosive
               ,
               drawn
               from
               Salt-peter
               by
               distillation
               .
            
             
               Powder
               and
               mix
               well
               together
               two
               pounds
               of
               fine
               Salt-peter
               ,
               and
               six
               pounds
               of
               Potters
               earth
               dried
               ;
               put
               this
               mixture
               into
               a
               large
               Retort
               ,
               either
               of
               earth
               or
               glass
               luted
               ,
               set
               it
               in
               a
               close
               Reverberatory
               Furnace
               ,
               fit
               to
               it
               a
               great
               capacious
               Balon
               ,
               or
               Receiver
               ,
               and
               give
               a
               very
               little
               fire
               to
               it
               for
               four
               or
               five
               hours
               ,
               to
               make
               all
               the
               Phlegm
               come
               
               forth
               ,
               which
               will
               distil
               out
               drop
               by
               drop
               .
               When
               you
               perceive
               there
               will
               distil
               no
               more
               ,
               throw
               the
               Phlegm
               away
               that
               is
               found
               in
               the
               Receiver
               ,
               and
               having
               refitted
               it
               ,
               lute
               the
               junctures
               ,
               and
               encrease
               the
               fire
               by
               little
               and
               little
               to
               the
               second
               degree
               ,
               there
               will
               come
               forth
               Spirits
               ,
               which
               will
               fill
               the
               Receiver
               with
               white
               clouds
               ;
               then
               keep
               the
               fire
               two
               hours
               in
               the
               same
               degree
               ,
               after
               that
               encrease
               it
               to
               the
               greatest
               violence
               you
               can
               give
               it
               ,
               and
               so
               the
               vapours
               will
               come
               red
               ;
               continue
               the
               greatest
               fire
               till
               there
               come
               no
               more
               ,
               the
               operation
               will
               be
               ended
               in
               fourteen
               hours
               .
               When
               the
               vessels
               are
               cold
               ,
               unlute
               the
               junctures
               ,
               and
               pour
               your
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Niter
              
               into
               an
               earthen
               bottle
               ,
               which
               you
               must
               stop
               with
               Wax
               .
            
             
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Niter
              
               is
               used
               for
               the
               dissolution
               of
               metals
               ,
               it
               is
               the
               best
               
                 Aqua
                 fortis
              
               that
               is
               ;
               and
               the
               corrosive
               virtue
               of
               other
               waters
               of
               this
               nature
               doth
               chiefly
               proceed
               from
               the
               Niter
               that
               enters
               into
               their
               composition
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 might
                 ,
                 as
                 some
                 do
                 ,
                 mix
                 four
                 parts
                 of
                 Potters
                 earth
                 with
                 one
                 part
                 of
                 Niter
                 ,
                 when
                 you
                 would
                 draw
                 its
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 but
                 you
                 will
                 succeed
                 better
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 less
                 difficulty
                 ,
                 by
                 observing
                 my
                 description
                 ;
                 for
                 whereas
                 the
                 earth
                 does
                 here
                 serve
                 only
                 as
                 an
                 intermedium
                 to
                 separate
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 this
                 salt
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 that
                 the
                 fire
                 operating
                 more
                 easily
                 upon
                 it
                 may
                 draw
                 its
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 needless
                 business
                 to
                 use
                 more
                 of
                 the
                 earth
                 than
                 is
                 necessary
                 towards
                 this
                 effect
                 .
                 Besides
                 this
                 over
                 great
                 quantity
                 of
                 
                 earth
                 may
                 serve
                 to
                 weaken
                 the
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 taking
                 up
                 too
                 much
                 room
                 may
                 hinder
                 the
                 drawing
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 otherwise
                 you
                 would
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 Retort
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 fling
                 away
                 the
                 Phlegm
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 only
                 serves
                 to
                 weaken
                 the
                 Spirit
                 .
                 The
                 white
                 vapours
                 do
                 proceed
                 from
                 the
                 volatile
                 part
                 of
                 Salt-peter
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 a
                 weaker
                 sort
                 of
                 Spirit
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 red
                 ones
                 do
                 come
                 from
                 the
                 fixt
                 part
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 the
                 strongest
                 Spirit
                 :
                 for
                 which
                 reason
                 the
                 fire
                 is
                 made
                 so
                 very
                 violent
                 towards
                 the
                 latter
                 end
                 .
                 This
                 
                   fixt
                   Spirit
                
                 is
                 commonly
                 called
                 
                   Salamanders
                   bloud
                
                 .
                 Of
                 all
                 Salts
                 ,
                 
                   Niter
                   is
                   the
                   only
                   one
                
                 that
                 yields
                 red
                 vapours
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 you
                 use
                 here
                 the
                 best
                 Salt-peter
                 ,
                 there
                 remains
                 nothing
                 in
                 the
                 Retort
                 but
                 only
                 earth
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 have
                 boiled
                 several
                 times
                 in
                 water
                 a
                 good
                 while
                 ,
                 the
                 earth
                 that
                 remained
                 after
                 the
                 distillation
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 evaporation
                 of
                 the
                 filtrated
                 decoction
                 ,
                 I
                 could
                 find
                 no
                 salt
                 at
                 bottom
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 have
                 likewise
                 observed
                 ,
                 that
                 out
                 of
                 two
                 pounds
                 of
                 purified
                 Niter
                 ,
                 a
                 pound
                 and
                 fourteen
                 ounces
                 of
                 liquor
                 ,
                 in
                 Phlegm
                 and
                 Spirit
                 may
                 be
                 drawn
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 third
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Retort
                 ,
                 wherein
                 the
                 operation
                 is
                 performed
                 ,
                 must
                 remain
                 empty
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Receiver
                 must
                 be
                 very
                 large
                 ;
                 for
                 otherwise
                 these
                 Spirits
                 coming
                 hastily
                 forth
                 would
                 break
                 all
                 to
                 pieces
                 for
                 room
                 to
                 move
                 in
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Spirit
               of
               Niter
               Dulcified
               .
            
             
               This
               oparation
               is
               a
               Spirit
               of
               Niter
               ,
               whose
               more
               subtile
               edges
               have
               been
               broken
               ,
               or
               evaporated
               .
            
             
             
               Put
               into
               a
               large
               Bolt-head
               eight
               ounces
               of
               good
               spirit
               of
               Niter
               ,
               and
               so
               much
               spirit
               of
               Wine
               well
               dephlegmated
               ;
               set
               your
               Bolthead
               in
               the
               Chimney
               upon
               a
               round
               of
               straw
               ,
               the
               liquor
               will
               grow
               hot
               without
               coming
               near
               the
               fire
               ,
               and
               half
               an
               hour
               or
               an
               hour
               afterwards
               ,
               it
               will
               boil
               very
               much
               ;
               have
               a
               care
               of
               the
               red
               vapours
               that
               come
               out
               a-pace
               at
               the
               neck
               of
               the
               Bolthead
               ,
               and
               when
               the
               ebullition
               is
               over
               ,
               you
               'l
               find
               your
               liquor
               clear
               at
               bottom
               ,
               and
               to
               have
               lost
               half
               what
               it
               was
               ;
               pour
               it
               into
               a
               Viol
               and
               keep
               it
               ,
               this
               is
               the
               sweet
               spirit
               of
               Niter
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               good
               for
               the
               wind
               Colick
               and
               the
               Nephritick
               ,
               for
               Hysterical
               distempers
               ,
               and
               for
               all
               Obstructions
               ;
               its
               dose
               is
               from
               four
               to
               eight
               drops
               in
               broth
               or
               some
               other
               convenient
               liquor
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 must
                 leave
                 the
                 Bolthead
                 open
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 vapours
                 would
                 either
                 carry
                 away
                 the
                 stopple
                 ,
                 if
                 there
                 were
                 one
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 they
                 would
                 break
                 the
                 vessel
                 ;
                 the
                 Bolt-head
                 is
                 so
                 hot
                 during
                 the
                 ebullition
                 ,
                 that
                 one
                 can't
                 endure
                 ones
                 hand
                 upon
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 heat
                 and
                 ebullition
                 begins
                 sooner
                 or
                 later
                 ,
                 according
                 as
                 the
                 Spirits
                 that
                 are
                 used
                 have
                 been
                 more
                 or
                 less
                 dephlegmated
                 ;
                 or
                 else
                 according
                 as
                 the
                 season
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 it
                 is
                 made
                 ,
                 is
                 either
                 hotter
                 or
                 colder
                 ,
                 for
                 in
                 the
                 winter
                 you
                 must
                 warm
                 the
                 liquor
                 in
                 a
                 gentle
                 sand-heat
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 it
                 grows
                 a
                 little
                 hot
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 take
                 it
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 shake
                 it
                 ,
                 thus
                 it
                 will
                 come
                 to
                 boil
                 .
              
               
               
                 This
                 effect
                 is
                 very
                 strange
                 ,
                 for
                 spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 being
                 a
                 strong
                 acid
                 ,
                 and
                 spirit
                 of
                 Wine
                 a
                 sulphur
                 ,
                 it
                 can't
                 be
                 said
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 here
                 any
                 alkali
                 ,
                 to
                 cause
                 the
                 ebullition
                 with
                 acid
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 common
                 maxim
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 operation
                 shews
                 us
                 that
                 every
                 thing
                 can't
                 be
                 explicated
                 by
                 the
                 sole
                 Principles
                 of
                 acid
                 and
                 alkali
                 ,
                 as
                 some
                 do
                 pretend
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 operation
                 has
                 much
                 resemblance
                 with
                 that
                 which
                 happens
                 when
                 oil
                 of
                 Turpentine
                 is
                 put
                 into
                 a
                 bottle
                 with
                 oil
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 mixture
                 of
                 these
                 liquors
                 does
                 heat
                 and
                 boil
                 much
                 alike
                 .
                 I
                 shall
                 say
                 something
                 of
                 this
                 last
                 mixture
                 hereafter
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 this
                 difference
                 notwithstanding
                 ,
                 that
                 spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 being
                 more
                 volatile
                 than
                 oil
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 ,
                 causes
                 a
                 greater
                 effervescency
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 order
                 therefore
                 to
                 explicate
                 this
                 ebullition
                 ,
                 two
                 things
                 must
                 be
                 considered
                 .
                 First
                 ,
                 that
                 spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 contains
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 fiery
                 parts
                 lock't
                 up
                 in
                 its
                 acidity
                 ,
                 but
                 which
                 do
                 still
                 retain
                 some
                 evident
                 motion
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 is
                 they
                 that
                 make
                 the
                 spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 to
                 Fume
                 as
                 it
                 does
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 second
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 is
                 more
                 Inflammable
                 than
                 salt-peter
                 ,
                 when
                 mixed
                 with
                 any
                 sulphureous
                 body
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 reason
                 thereof
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 more
                 rarefied
                 than
                 salt-peter
                 .
              
               
                 Thus
                 when
                 this
                 acid
                 spirit
                 is
                 mixt
                 with
                 spirit
                 of
                 Wine
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 sulphur
                 very
                 much
                 exalted
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 susceptible
                 of
                 motion
                 ,
                 the
                 volatile
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 joyns
                 itself
                 to
                 this
                 sulphur
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 mixture
                 becomes
                 very
                 ready
                 to
                 take
                 flame
                 ;
                 likewise
                 after
                 this
                 mixture
                 the
                 fiery
                 bodies
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 ,
                 do
                 by
                 striving
                 to
                 mount
                 upwards
                 put
                 the
                 liquor
                 into
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 motion
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 e'en
                 almost
                 flames
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 without
                 all
                 
                 question
                 quite
                 flame
                 ,
                 if
                 there
                 were
                 not
                 some
                 phlegm
                 always
                 mixed
                 with
                 these
                 spirits
                 ,
                 let
                 them
                 be
                 drawn
                 never
                 so
                 pure
                 ,
                 which
                 serves
                 to
                 allay
                 the
                 activity
                 of
                 the
                 fiery
                 particles
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 there
                 must
                 needs
                 follow
                 a
                 very
                 great
                 ebullition
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 effervescency
                 therefore
                 proceeds
                 from
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 spirit
                 of
                 wine
                 ,
                 and
                 spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 a
                 salt-peter
                 ,
                 and
                 sulphur
                 highly
                 exalted
                 ,
                 have
                 been
                 almost
                 kindled
                 into
                 a
                 flame
                 by
                 the
                 fiery
                 bodies
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 which
                 further
                 proves
                 this
                 conception
                 is
                 ,
                 a
                 noise
                 or
                 kind
                 of
                 detonation
                 ,
                 during
                 the
                 effervescency
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 much
                 like
                 that
                 which
                 happens
                 when
                 sulphur
                 and
                 salt-peter
                 are
                 burnt
                 together
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 because
                 there
                 may
                 be
                 some
                 difficulty
                 in
                 conceiving
                 what
                 is
                 meant
                 by
                 little
                 fiery
                 bodies
                 ,
                 I
                 do
                 understand
                 by
                 them
                 a
                 subtile
                 matter
                 which
                 having
                 been
                 put
                 into
                 a
                 very
                 rapid
                 motion
                 does
                 still
                 retain
                 the
                 aptitude
                 of
                 moving
                 with
                 impetuosity
                 ,
                 even
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 inclosed
                 in
                 grosser
                 matters
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 it
                 finds
                 some
                 bodies
                 which
                 by
                 their
                 texture
                 or
                 figure
                 are
                 apt
                 to
                 be
                 put
                 into
                 motion
                 ,
                 it
                 drives
                 them
                 about
                 so
                 strongly
                 that
                 their
                 parts
                 rubbing
                 violently
                 the
                 one
                 against
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 heat
                 is
                 thereby
                 produced
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 the
                 sulphureous
                 parts
                 of
                 spirit
                 of
                 Wine
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 volatile
                 acids
                 of
                 spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 being
                 mixed
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 very
                 aptly
                 disposed
                 for
                 motion
                 of
                 themselves
                 ,
                 they
                 must
                 needs
                 be
                 easily
                 put
                 into
                 it
                 by
                 these
                 fiery
                 bodies
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 that
                 their
                 parts
                 often
                 rubbing
                 or
                 striking
                 the
                 one
                 against
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 they
                 must
                 cause
                 a
                 heat
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 ,
                 as
                 when
                 a
                 stone
                 is
                 strook
                 hard
                 against
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 Iron
                 ,
                 a
                 heat
                 and
                 fire
                 do
                 follow
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 great
                 diminution
                 of
                 the
                 liquor
                 proceeds
                 from
                 the
                 evaporation
                 of
                 the
                 more
                 volatile
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Spirits
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 and
                 Niter
                 ,
                 through
                 the
                 neck
                 of
                 the
                 Bolt-head
                 during
                 the
                 ebullition
                 .
              
               
                 That
                 which
                 remains
                 is
                 a
                 well
                 
                   sweetned
                   spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 ,
                 for
                 not
                 only
                 its
                 edges
                 are
                 very
                 much
                 blunted
                 in
                 the
                 ebullition
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 
                   spirit
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 being
                 a
                 sulphur
                 does
                 unite
                 and
                 imbody
                 with
                 those
                 that
                 remain
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 have
                 no
                 longer
                 any
                 Corrosive
                 quality
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Aqua
               Fortis
               .
            
             
               This
               preparation
               is
               a
               mixture
               of
               the
               Spirits
               of
               Niter
               and
               Vitriol
               ,
               drawn
               by
               fire
               ,
               to
               dissolve
               metals
               .
            
             
               Powder
               and
               mix
               Salt-peter
               purified
               ,
               Vitriol
               Calcined
               white
               ,
               as
               I
               shall
               shew
               hereafter
               ,
               and
               Potters
               earth
               ,
               or
               clay
               dried
               ,
               of
               each
               two
               and
               thirty
               ounces
               :
               put
               this
               mixture
               into
               an
               earthen
               Retort
               ,
               or
               glass
               one
               luted
               ,
               whose
               third
               part
               is
               to
               remain
               empty
               ;
               place
               your
               Retort
               in
               a
               close
               Reverberatory
               Furnace
               ,
               and
               fitting
               to
               it
               a
               capacious
               Receiver
               ,
               Lute
               well
               the
               junctures
               :
               then
               begin
               by
               giving
               a
               little
               fire
               to
               warm
               gently
               the
               Retort
               ,
               and
               encrease
               it
               by
               little
               and
               little
               ;
               but
               when
               you
               perceive
               the
               Spirits
               to
               come
               forth
               into
               the
               Receiver
               in
               red
               clouds
               ,
               continue
               it
               for
               fifteen
               or
               sixteen
               hours
               in
               the
               same
               degree
               ,
               then
               drive
               it
               to
               the
               last
               extremity
               ,
               until
               there
               do
               appear
               white
               clouds
               instead
               of
               red
               .
               Then
               let
               the
               vessels
               cool
               ,
               and
               unlute
               them
               ,
               you
               'l
               find
               in
               the
               Receiver
               an
               
                 Aqua
                 fortis
              
               ,
               which
               you
               must
               keep
               in
               an
               earthen
               bottle
               well
               stopt
               .
               It
               serves
               for
               the
               dissolution
               of
               metals
               .
            
             
               
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 do
                 use
                 to
                 Calcine
                 the
                 Vitriol
                 to
                 a
                 whiteness
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 
                   Aqua
                   fortis
                
                 may
                 not
                 be
                 weakned
                 with
                 an
                 insipid
                 water
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 mixture
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 and
                 Salt-peter
                 has
                 quickly
                 some
                 smell
                 of
                 
                   Aqua
                   fortis
                
                 ,
                 because
                 Vitriol
                 contains
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 which
                 easily
                 insinuates
                 into
                 the
                 volatile
                 part
                 of
                 Salt-peter
                 ,
                 and
                 exalts
                 some
                 little
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 which
                 causes
                 the
                 smell
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 this
                 Sulphur
                 in
                 Vitriol
                 which
                 by
                 volatilizing
                 the
                 red
                 spirit
                 of
                 Niter
                 ,
                 makes
                 it
                 come
                 forth
                 faster
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 a
                 less
                 fire
                 ,
                 than
                 when
                 Salt-peter
                 is
                 distilled
                 with
                 Clay
                 alone
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 greatest
                 Corrosion
                 of
                 
                   Aqua
                   fortis
                
                 proceeds
                 from
                 the
                 Niter
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Vitriol
                 doth
                 yield
                 but
                 very
                 weak
                 Spirits
                 in
                 comparison
                 with
                 the
                 other
                 .
                 I
                 do
                 acknowledge
                 indeed
                 that
                 the
                 
                   Oil
                   of
                   Vitriol
                
                 is
                 exceeding
                 Corrosive
                 ,
                 but
                 eighteen
                 or
                 twenty
                 hours
                 are
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 drive
                 that
                 out
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 doth
                 not
                 use
                 to
                 come
                 until
                 after
                 three
                 days
                 continual
                 distillation
                 .
                 The
                 Vitriol
                 then
                 and
                 the
                 Clay
                 do
                 serve
                 here
                 only
                 for
                 a
                 matter
                 to
                 separate
                 the
                 Salt-peter
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 by
                 the
                 means
                 of
                 fire
                 ,
                 the
                 better
                 rarefie
                 into
                 Spirits
                 .
              
               
                 Although
                 there
                 does
                 not
                 enter
                 into
                 this
                 preparation
                 so
                 much
                 terrestrial
                 matter
                 ,
                 as
                 there
                 does
                 into
                 that
                 of
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 ,
                 nevertheless
                 it
                 proves
                 very
                 well
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Sulphurs
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 do
                 help
                 the
                 Spirits
                 to
                 rise
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 would
                 keep
                 on
                 the
                 fire
                 five
                 days
                 and
                 nights
                 together
                 ,
                 the
                 Receiver
                 would
                 be
                 still
                 full
                 
                 of
                 clouds
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Vitriol
                 would
                 yield
                 some
                 Spirits
                 during
                 all
                 that
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 Sometimes
                 Alom
                 and
                 Arsenick
                 are
                 added
                 to
                 the
                 composition
                 of
                 
                   Aqua
                   fortis
                
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 description
                 which
                 I
                 have
                 given
                 you
                 is
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 all
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 remains
                 in
                 the
                 Retort
                 a
                 red
                 mass
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 used
                 like
                 Colcothar
                 ,
                 for
                 an
                 Astringent
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 mass
                 may
                 be
                 obtained
                 without
                 breaking
                 the
                 Retort
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Fixation
               of
               Salt-peter
               into
               an
               Alkali
               Salt
               ,
               by
               the
               means
               of
               Coals
               .
            
             
               This
               operation
               is
               a
               Salt-peter
               rendred
               porous
               by
               Calcination
               ,
               and
               by
               the
               ashes
               of
               coals
               ,
               which
               are
               mixed
               with
               it
               .
            
             
               Melt
               sixteen
               ounces
               of
               Salt-peter
               in
               a
               strong
               and
               large
               Crucible
               among
               burning
               coals
               ,
               throw
               into
               it
               a
               spoonful
               of
               coals
               grosly
               powdered
               ,
               and
               there
               will
               rise
               a
               flame
               and
               detonation
               ,
               which
               being
               over
               ,
               throw
               so
               much
               more
               ,
               and
               continue
               to
               do
               so
               until
               the
               matter
               flames
               no
               longer
               ,
               but
               remains
               fixt
               in
               the
               bottom
               of
               the
               Crucible
               ;
               then
               pour
               it
               into
               a
               warm
               mortar
               ,
               and
               when
               it
               is
               cold
               ,
               powder
               it
               and
               dissolve
               it
               in
               a
               sufficient
               quantity
               of
               water
               ;
               filtrate
               the
               dissolution
               through
               brown
               paper
               ,
               and
               evaporate
               all
               the
               water
               in
               an
               earthen
               pan
               in
               sand
               ,
               there
               will
               remain
               a
               very
               white
               salt
               ,
               which
               you
               must
               keep
               in
               a
               Viol
               well
               stopt
               .
            
             
               This
               Salt
               hath
               a
               taste
               like
               to
               that
               of
               Salt
               of
               Tartar
               ,
               and
               they
               differ
               but
               little
               in
               virtue
               ;
               it
               opens
               Obstructions
               ,
               and
               works
               by
               Urine
               ,
               and
               
               sometimes
               by
               Stool
               ;
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               sixteen
               to
               thirty
               grains
               in
               some
               convenient
               liquor
               .
            
             
               It
               may
               be
               used
               to
               assist
               in
               drawing
               forth
               the
               
                 Tincture
                 of
                 Senna
              
               ,
               a
               red
               Tincture
               may
               be
               also
               drawn
               from
               it
               with
               Spirit
               of
               Wine
               ,
               as
               from
               Salt
               of
               Tartar.
               
            
             
               If
               this
               Salt
               is
               set
               in
               a
               Cellar
               ,
               it
               dissolves
               into
               a
               liquor
               like
               the
               Oil
               of
               Tartar
               :
               it
               is
               used
               to
               extract
               the
               Tincture
               of
               Vegetables
               and
               Minerals
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Crucible
                 must
                 be
                 but
                 half
                 full
                 of
                 salt-peter
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 detonation
                 is
                 so
                 great
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 matter
                 would
                 be
                 driven
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Crucible
                 ,
                 if
                 too
                 much
                 be
                 put
                 in
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Crucible
                 is
                 not
                 very
                 strong
                 ,
                 it
                 breaks
                 in
                 pieces
                 about
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 the
                 operation
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 matter
                 is
                 lost
                 thereby
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 detonation
                 is
                 more
                 violent
                 than
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 made
                 with
                 a
                 mixture
                 of
                 salt-peter
                 and
                 common
                 sulphur
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 sulphur
                 of
                 Coals
                 is
                 more
                 rarefied
                 than
                 common
                 sulphur
                 .
              
               
                 Niter
                 will
                 never
                 flame
                 ,
                 when
                 set
                 over
                 the
                 fire
                 alone
                 in
                 a
                 Crucible
                 ,
                 though
                 you
                 make
                 your
                 fire
                 never
                 so
                 strong
                 ,
                 and
                 coals
                 though
                 loaded
                 with
                 fuliginous
                 or
                 oily
                 parts
                 ,
                 do
                 send
                 forth
                 but
                 only
                 a
                 small
                 blue
                 flame
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 these
                 two
                 bodies
                 come
                 to
                 be
                 mixt
                 together
                 ,
                 the
                 volatile
                 parts
                 of
                 Niter
                 joyning
                 with
                 the
                 coals
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 oily
                 ,
                 do
                 rarefie
                 and
                 exalt
                 the
                 coals
                 with
                 such
                 violence
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 produce
                 a
                 very
                 great
                 flame
                 .
                 Now
                 this
                 operation
                 confirms
                 my
                 opinion
                 that
                 salt-peter
                 does
                 only
                 serve
                 here
                 to
                 rarefie
                 the
                 flame
                 of
                 sulphur
                 ,
                 but
                 cannot
                 send
                 
                 forth
                 the
                 least
                 flame
                 of
                 itself
                 ;
                 because
                 that
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 ever
                 the
                 coals
                 ,
                 you
                 put
                 into
                 the
                 Crucible
                 ,
                 are
                 burnt
                 ,
                 the
                 flame
                 goes
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 appears
                 no
                 more
                 until
                 you
                 throw
                 in
                 more
                 coals
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 a
                 convenient
                 proportion
                 of
                 the
                 volatile
                 parts
                 of
                 salt-peter
                 ,
                 that
                 still
                 remained
                 ,
                 does
                 joyn
                 and
                 rarefie
                 them
                 into
                 a
                 flame
                 .
                 Thus
                 new
                 coals
                 are
                 successively
                 thrown
                 into
                 the
                 Crucible
                 ,
                 until
                 it
                 flames
                 no
                 longer
                 ;
                 but
                 toward
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 operation
                 ,
                 because
                 there
                 remain
                 but
                 few
                 volatile
                 parts
                 in
                 the
                 Niter
                 ,
                 the
                 detonation
                 is
                 much
                 the
                 less
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 is
                 the
                 flame
                 ,
                 until
                 at
                 last
                 the
                 coals
                 finding
                 nothing
                 more
                 in
                 salt-peter
                 for
                 it
                 to
                 raise
                 ,
                 do
                 burn
                 only
                 as
                 they
                 use
                 to
                 do
                 when
                 alone
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 use
                 common
                 salt-peter
                 for
                 this
                 operation
                 ,
                 you
                 'l
                 have
                 occasion
                 to
                 use
                 but
                 three
                 ounces
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 of
                 coals
                 ,
                 and
                 you
                 'l
                 get
                 twelve
                 ounces
                 of
                 purified
                 salt
                 ,
                 but
                 if
                 you
                 use
                 fine
                 Salt-peter
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 have
                 seven
                 ounces
                 of
                 coals
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 will
                 get
                 but
                 three
                 ounces
                 of
                 purified
                 salt
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 difference
                 of
                 weight
                 proceeds
                 from
                 the
                 fine
                 salt-peters
                 containing
                 more
                 volatile
                 parts
                 than
                 the
                 other
                 ;
                 likewise
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 more
                 coals
                 is
                 required
                 to
                 raise
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 remains
                 the
                 less
                 
                   fixt
                   salt
                
                 for
                 the
                 same
                 reason
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 
                   fixt
                   Niter
                
                 being
                 prepared
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 described
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 little
                 gray
                 coloured
                 ;
                 now
                 to
                 make
                 it
                 white
                 you
                 must
                 Calcine
                 it
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 fire
                 ,
                 stirring
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 Crucible
                 all
                 the
                 while
                 with
                 a
                 spatule
                 ;
                 when
                 it
                 shall
                 have
                 continued
                 red
                 hot
                 for
                 above
                 an
                 hour
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 become
                 exceeding
                 white
                 .
                 You
                 must
                 then
                 dissolve
                 it
                 in
                 water
                 ,
                 filter
                 the
                 dissolution
                 ,
                 and
                 evaporate
                 the
                 water
                 ,
                 and
                 thus
                 you
                 have
                 a
                 very
                 pure
                 and
                 white
                 salt
                 .
              
               
               
                 This
                 salt
                 is
                 an
                 alkali
                 ,
                 being
                 a
                 mixture
                 of
                 the
                 salt
                 of
                 coals
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 an
                 alkali
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   fixt
                   salt-peter
                
                 ;
                 these
                 two
                 salts
                 are
                 so
                 strictly
                 united
                 and
                 mixed
                 together
                 in
                 the
                 Calcination
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 make
                 a
                 porous
                 salt
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 as
                 is
                 much
                 like
                 unto
                 the
                 
                   fixt
                   salt
                
                 of
                 Plants
                 ,
              
               
                 Not
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 an
                 alkali
                 salt
                 in
                 salt-peter
                 as
                 Chymists
                 will
                 have
                 it
                 ;
                 for
                 give
                 what
                 Calcination
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 preparation
                 you
                 please
                 to
                 this
                 mineral
                 salt
                 ,
                 without
                 adding
                 any
                 thing
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 not
                 the
                 least
                 alkali
                 can
                 be
                 drawn
                 from
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 that
                 ever
                 we
                 can
                 see
                 in
                 it
                 is
                 acid
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 further
                 observable
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 liquor
                 of
                 
                   fixt
                   Niter
                
                 ,
                 which
                 has
                 been
                 made
                 with
                 common
                 salt-peter
                 ,
                 being
                 kept
                 a
                 year
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 year
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 ,
                 loses
                 most
                 of
                 its
                 activity
                 as
                 an
                 alkali
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 no
                 longer
                 able
                 to
                 cause
                 any
                 such
                 ebullition
                 with
                 acids
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 could
                 before
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 accident
                 can
                 have
                 no
                 other
                 cause
                 ,
                 than
                 that
                 the
                 pores
                 of
                 salt
                 contained
                 in
                 the
                 liquor
                 do
                 close
                 up
                 by
                 little
                 and
                 little
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 acid
                 salt
                 of
                 Niter
                 does
                 absorb
                 and
                 destroy
                 the
                 alkali
                 ,
                 which
                 kept
                 the
                 pores
                 open
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 the
                 same
                 thing
                 does
                 not
                 happen
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 liquor
                 of
                 
                   fixt
                   Niter
                
                 was
                 made
                 with
                 
                   purified
                   salt-peter
                
                 ,
                 because
                 whereas
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 coals
                 was
                 used
                 in
                 the
                 fixing
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 but
                 little
                 salt
                 of
                 Niter
                 remained
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 the
                 alkali
                 must
                 there
                 predominate
                 so
                 powerfully
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 acid
                 is
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 regain
                 its
                 strength
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 Chymists
                 have
                 thought
                 fit
                 to
                 call
                 the
                 liquor
                 of
                 
                   fixt
                   Niter
                   ,
                   Alkahest
                
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 an
                 universal
                 dissolvent
                 ,
                 thinking
                 it
                 able
                 to
                 draw
                 out
                 the
                 sulphureous
                 substance
                 of
                 all
                 mixt
                 bodies
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             XVII
             .
             
               Of
               Sal
               Armoniack
            
             .
          
           
             
               SAl
               Armoniack
            
             is
             either
             Natural
             or
             Artificial
             .
             The
             Natural
             is
             found
             in
             very
             hot
             Countries
             ,
             such
             as
             many
             parts
             of
             Africa
             ,
             that
             are
             near
             the
             
               Torrid
               Zone
            
             .
             It
             is
             found
             upon
             the
             earth
             that
             hath
             imbibed
             the
             Urine
             of
             Animals
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             where
             the
             Sun
             hath
             sublimed
             the
             volatile
             Salt
             of
             this
             Urine
             ,
             and
             made
             of
             it
             a
             
               Sal
               Armoniack
            
             .
          
           
             The
             Artificial
             
               Sal
               Armoniack
            
             is
             made
             at
             Venice
             ,
             and
             divers
             other
             places
             with
             five
             parts
             of
             Urine
             ,
             one
             part
             of
             sea-salt
             ,
             and
             half
             a
             part
             of
             
               Chimney
               soot
            
             ;
             these
             three
             are
             boiled
             together
             ,
             and
             reduced
             into
             a
             mass
             ,
             which
             being
             put
             into
             subliming
             pots
             ,
             over
             a
             gradual
             fire
             ,
             it
             sublimes
             into
             a
             Salt
             in
             the
             form
             we
             commonly
             see
             
               Sal
               Armoniack
            
             .
             Now
             in
             this
             sublimation
             the
             volatile
             alkali
             salts
             of
             the
             Soot
             and
             Vrine
             do
             raise
             up
             as
             much
             sea-salt
             as
             they
             can
             ,
             and
             do
             join
             so
             strictly
             together
             with
             this
             acid
             salt
             ,
             that
             the
             mixture
             seems
             to
             be
             fixt
             .
             The
             reason
             of
             this
             close
             union
             is
             ,
             that
             sea-salt
             being
             in
             form
             of
             points
             ,
             does
             insinuate
             into
             the
             alkali
             salts
             ;
             and
             because
             it
             has
             not
             motion
             enough
             to
             separate
             the
             parts
             of
             these
             salts
             ,
             it
             gets
             within
             them
             ,
             and
             fills
             their
             pores
             .
          
           
             If
             you
             would
             purifie
             
               Sal
               Armoniack
            
             ,
             you
             must
             dissolve
             it
             in
             a
             sufficient
             quantity
             of
             water
             ,
             filtrate
             the
             dissolution
             ,
             and
             evaporate
             it
             until
             it
             is
             dry
             in
             a
             
             glass
             vessel
             .
             You
             'l
             have
             a
             white
             salt
             ,
             which
             may
             be
             given
             from
             six
             to
             four
             and
             twenty
             grains
             in
             some
             convenient
             liquor
             .
             It
             is
             an
             excellent
             Sudorifick
             and
             Diuretick
             ;
             it
             is
             good
             in
             Malignant
             feavers
             ,
             and
             in
             Quartan
             agues
             ,
             and
             to
             bring
             the
             menses
             in
             women
             .
             It
             is
             also
             used
             in
             some
             Collyries
             ,
             or
             waters
             for
             the
             eyes
             .
          
           
             
               Flowers
               of
               Sal
               Armoniack
               .
            
             
               These
               Flowers
               are
               a
               part
               of
               
                 Sal
                 Armoniack
              
               ,
               raised
               by
               Fire
               .
            
             
               Powder
               and
               mix
               together
               equal
               parts
               of
               
                 Sal
                 Armoniack
              
               in
               powder
               ,
               and
               sea-salt
               decrepitated
               ;
               put
               this
               mixture
               into
               an
               earthen
               Cucurbite
               ,
               and
               having
               placed
               it
               in
               sand
               ,
               fit
               to
               it
               a
               blind
               head
               .
               You
               must
               give
               a
               gentle
               fire
               at
               first
               ,
               and
               encrease
               it
               by
               little
               and
               little
               ,
               so
               long
               as
               you
               perceive
               the
               
                 Sal
                 Armoniack
              
               to
               rise
               up
               like
               meal
               ,
               and
               stick
               to
               the
               head
               ,
               and
               the
               uppermost
               part
               of
               the
               Cucurbite
               :
               continue
               the
               fire
               ,
               until
               nothing
               more
               rises
               up
               ,
               then
               let
               the
               vessels
               cool
               ;
               lift
               up
               the
               head
               gently
               ,
               and
               gather
               your
               Flowers
               with
               a
               Feather
               ;
               keep
               them
               in
               a
               Viol
               well
               stopt
               ;
               they
               have
               the
               same
               virtue
               as
               
                 Sal
                 Armoniack
              
               ,
               but
               are
               given
               in
               a
               little
               less
               dose
               ,
               as
               from
               four
               to
               fifteen
               grains
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 operation
                 is
                 performed
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 the
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 may
                 be
                 volatilized
                 ,
                 by
                 checking
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 its
                 fixt
                 salt
                 by
                 the
                 addition
                 of
                 
                   Salt
                   decrepitated
                
                 ,
                 
                 thus
                 these
                 Flowers
                 are
                 a
                 little
                 more
                 active
                 than
                 the
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 are
                 both
                 compounded
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Salts
                 .
              
               
                 Iron
                 or
                 Steel
                 powdered
                 may
                 be
                 used
                 instead
                 of
                 Sea-salt
                 ,
                 as
                 Schroder
                 describes
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 the
                 Flowers
                 do
                 become
                 of
                 a
                 Yellow
                 colour
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Salts
                 do
                 take
                 the
                 
                   Tincture
                   of
                   Mars
                
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 these
                 last
                 Flowers
                 are
                 a
                 little
                 more
                 penetrating
                 than
                 the
                 others
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Aqua
               Regalis
               .
            
             
               This
               water
               is
               a
               solution
               of
               
                 Sal
                 Armoniack
              
               in
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Niter
              
               .
            
             
               Powder
               four
               ounces
               of
               
                 Sal
                 Armoniack
              
               ,
               and
               put
               them
               into
               a
               matrass
               ,
               or
               other
               glass
               vessel
               of
               a
               good
               bigness
               ;
               pour
               upon
               it
               sixteen
               ounces
               of
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Niter
              
               ,
               place
               the
               vessel
               in
               sand
               a
               little
               warm
               until
               the
               
                 Sal
                 Armoniack
              
               is
               all
               dissolved
               ,
               then
               pour
               the
               dissolution
               into
               a
               bottle
               ,
               and
               stop
               it
               with
               wax
               ,
               this
               is
               
                 Aqua
                 Regalis
              
               ;
               you
               will
               have
               seventeen
               ounces
               of
               it
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 water
                 is
                 called
                 Regalis
                 ,
                 or
                 Royal
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 dissolves
                 Gold
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 metals
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 likewise
                 called
                 
                   Aqua
                   Stygia
                
                 ,
                 or
                 Chrysulca
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 vessel
                 in
                 which
                 it
                 is
                 made
                 must
                 be
                 of
                 a
                 sufficient
                 bigness
                 ,
                 because
                 in
                 the
                 dissolution
                 the
                 Spirits
                 do
                 rarefie
                 with
                 so
                 great
                 violence
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 break
                 it
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 not
                 room
                 to
                 circulate
                 in
                 ;
                 
                 when
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 this
                 water
                 is
                 preparing
                 at
                 a
                 time
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 take
                 care
                 to
                 remove
                 the
                 vessel
                 from
                 the
                 fire
                 ,
                 so
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 dissolution
                 begins
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Aqua
                   Regalis
                
                 may
                 be
                 likewise
                 made
                 ,
                 with
                 equal
                 quantities
                 of
                 Salt-peter
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Sal
                   Gemme
                
                 ,
                 by
                 mixing
                 these
                 Salts
                 with
                 thrice
                 as
                 much
                 Potters-earth
                 powdered
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 distillation
                 of
                 it
                 is
                 made
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 as
                 I
                 shewed
                 ,
                 to
                 draw
                 the
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 somewhat
                 difficult
                 to
                 conceive
                 how
                 
                   Aqua
                   Regalis
                
                 is
                 able
                 to
                 dissolve
                 Gold
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 most
                 solid
                 Metal
                 ,
                 and
                 cannot
                 dissolve
                 Silver
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 much
                 less
                 solid
                 body
                 .
                 Some
                 Chymists
                 endeavouring
                 to
                 resolve
                 this
                 difficulty
                 ,
                 have
                 said
                 that
                 Gold
                 being
                 a
                 Metal
                 fuller
                 of
                 Sulphur
                 than
                 Silver
                 ,
                 did
                 therefore
                 require
                 a
                 sulphureous
                 dissolvent
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 
                   Aqua
                   Regalis
                
                 ,
                 compounded
                 of
                 the
                 volatile
                 sulphureous
                 salts
                 of
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 :
                 but
                 this
                 explication
                 destroys
                 itself
                 ,
                 for
                 if
                 Gold
                 did
                 contain
                 more
                 Sulphurs
                 than
                 Silver
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 consequently
                 be
                 less
                 weighty
                 ,
                 for
                 Sulphur
                 is
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 lightest
                 Principles
                 in
                 Chymistry
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 know
                 the
                 Alchymists
                 will
                 tell
                 me
                 ,
                 that
                 their
                 Sulphur
                 is
                 quite
                 of
                 a
                 different
                 nature
                 from
                 the
                 common
                 sort
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 do
                 conceive
                 in
                 Gold
                 ,
                 a
                 Fixt
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 a
                 heavy
                 sulphur
                 .
                 But
                 besides
                 that
                 a
                 fixt
                 sulphur
                 is
                 a
                 thing
                 meerly
                 imaginary
                 ,
                 it
                 can
                 never
                 be
                 so
                 heavy
                 as
                 the
                 other
                 principles
                 which
                 they
                 pretend
                 to
                 be
                 in
                 Gold
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 they
                 are
                 forced
                 to
                 think
                 as
                 fixed
                 as
                 the
                 Sulphur
                 .
              
               
                 Moreover
                 if
                 we
                 examine
                 what
                 happens
                 in
                 the
                 composition
                 of
                 the
                 dissolvent
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 no
                 difficult
                 matter
                 to
                 contradict
                 this
                 opinion
                 :
                 for
                 we
                 see
                 that
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 ever
                 the
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 begins
                 
                 to
                 work
                 upon
                 the
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 ,
                 the
                 acid
                 salt
                 joyns
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 quits
                 the
                 volatile
                 salts
                 ,
                 which
                 finding
                 themselves
                 disingaged
                 from
                 the
                 bodies
                 that
                 held
                 them
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 fixed
                 ,
                 do
                 rise
                 up
                 with
                 violence
                 ;
                 but
                 because
                 these
                 salts
                 which
                 are
                 alkalies
                 ,
                 do
                 meet
                 in
                 their
                 passage
                 with
                 some
                 acids
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 ,
                 the
                 great
                 effervescency
                 happens
                 which
                 is
                 always
                 wont
                 at
                 the
                 meeting
                 of
                 alkali
                 salts
                 and
                 acids
                 .
                 This
                 effervescency
                 being
                 over
                 ,
                 our
                 
                   Aqua
                   Regalis
                
                 remains
                 in
                 the
                 vessel
                 :
                 it
                 is
                 properly
                 nothing
                 else
                 but
                 an
                 acid
                 sea-salt
                 dissolved
                 in
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 ,
                 the
                 volatile
                 salts
                 being
                 either
                 exalted
                 ,
                 or
                 destroyed
                 by
                 Acids
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 which
                 confirms
                 this
                 opinion
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 
                   Aqua
                   Regalis
                
                 is
                 as
                 well
                 made
                 with
                 sea-salt
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 there
                 are
                 no
                 volatiles
                 at
                 all
                 ,
                 as
                 with
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 ,
                 according
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 said
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 not
                 then
                 by
                 discourses
                 of
                 this
                 nature
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 Phanomenon
                 can
                 be
                 clearly
                 explicated
                 .
                 I
                 am
                 apt
                 to
                 believe
                 ,
                 with
                 more
                 likelihood
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 
                   Aqua
                   Regalis
                
                 be
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 dissolve
                 Silver
                 ,
                 the
                 reason
                 of
                 it
                 is
                 because
                 the
                 edges
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 being
                 magnified
                 by
                 the
                 addition
                 of
                 Salt
                 do
                 slide
                 over
                 the
                 pores
                 of
                 Silver
                 ,
                 not
                 being
                 capable
                 to
                 enter
                 into
                 them
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 disproportion
                 of
                 their
                 figures
                 ,
                 whereas
                 they
                 easily
                 enter
                 into
                 Gold
                 ,
                 whose
                 pores
                 are
                 larger
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 their
                 divisions
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 contrary
                 if
                 the
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 dissolves
                 Silver
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 because
                 its
                 points
                 are
                 very
                 subtle
                 and
                 fitly
                 proportioned
                 to
                 enter
                 into
                 the
                 small
                 pores
                 of
                 this
                 metal
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 their
                 motion
                 to
                 divide
                 its
                 parts
                 .
                 These
                 same
                 points
                 may
                 likewise
                 enter
                 into
                 the
                 large
                 pores
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 but
                 they
                 are
                 too
                 small
                 and
                 pliable
                 to
                 act
                 upon
                 this
                 body
                 .
                 There
                 's
                 need
                 of
                 stronger
                 and
                 keener
                 knives
                 ,
                 which
                 by
                 filling
                 
                 its
                 pores
                 more
                 advantageously
                 may
                 have
                 force
                 enough
                 to
                 divide
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 do
                 easily
                 foresee
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 objected
                 ,
                 that
                 Gold
                 being
                 heavier
                 than
                 Silver
                 ,
                 should
                 have
                 lesser
                 pores
                 and
                 not
                 greater
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 weight
                 of
                 a
                 body
                 doth
                 only
                 consist
                 in
                 the
                 proximity
                 of
                 parts
                 ;
                 but
                 it
                 is
                 easie
                 to
                 solve
                 this
                 difficulty
                 ,
                 by
                 considering
                 each
                 metal
                 with
                 a
                 good
                 Microscope
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 pores
                 of
                 Gold
                 are
                 seen
                 to
                 be
                 much
                 larger
                 than
                 those
                 of
                 Silver
                 ,
                 though
                 indeed
                 there
                 are
                 much
                 fewer
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 will
                 explicate
                 very
                 well
                 why
                 Gold
                 is
                 heavier
                 than
                 Silver
                 ,
                 though
                 its
                 pores
                 are
                 greater
                 ;
                 for
                 seeing
                 they
                 are
                 at
                 a
                 good
                 distance
                 the
                 one
                 from
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 there
                 's
                 a
                 very
                 compact
                 matter
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 intercepted
                 ,
                 which
                 causes
                 all
                 the
                 weight
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 pores
                 of
                 Silver
                 being
                 very
                 near
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 a
                 much
                 greater
                 number
                 ,
                 do
                 intercept
                 less
                 solid
                 matter
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 it
                 must
                 be
                 lighter
                 .
                 I
                 'le
                 use
                 a
                 familiar
                 example
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 my self
                 more
                 plainly
                 understood
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 take
                 two
                 vessels
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 size
                 and
                 bigness
                 ,
                 and
                 fill
                 one
                 with
                 small
                 hail-shot
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 with
                 large
                 bullets
                 ,
                 that
                 which
                 holds
                 the
                 bullets
                 will
                 be
                 much
                 heavier
                 than
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 full
                 of
                 shot
                 ;
                 and
                 yet
                 notwithstanding
                 the
                 vacuities
                 between
                 the
                 bullets
                 are
                 much
                 larger
                 ,
                 than
                 those
                 between
                 the
                 shot
                 .
              
               
                 According
                 to
                 this
                 Hypothesis
                 ,
                 reason
                 may
                 be
                 likewise
                 given
                 ,
                 why
                 Gold
                 is
                 cut
                 in
                 pieces
                 more
                 easily
                 than
                 Silver
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 greater
                 the
                 pores
                 of
                 a
                 body
                 are
                 ,
                 the
                 easier
                 entrance
                 will
                 a
                 pair
                 of
                 Sheers
                 meet
                 with
                 .
              
               
                 Gold
                 spreads
                 under
                 the
                 hammer
                 more
                 than
                 Silver
                 ,
                 because
                 having
                 larger
                 pores
                 the
                 hammer
                 
                 makes
                 a
                 greater
                 impression
                 into
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 dilates
                 the
                 parts
                 the
                 more
                 easily
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 objected
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 there
                 be
                 any
                 heavy
                 matter
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 intercepted
                 between
                 the
                 pores
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 it
                 must
                 needs
                 precipitate
                 of
                 itself
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 action
                 of
                 
                   Aqua
                   Regalis
                
                 upon
                 this
                 metal
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 thing
                 that
                 does
                 not
                 happen
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 answer
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 Gold
                 are
                 heavy
                 ,
                 the
                 dissolvent
                 nevertheless
                 is
                 a
                 gross
                 body
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 well
                 proportioned
                 to
                 hold
                 up
                 those
                 heavy
                 parts
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 hinder
                 them
                 from
                 precipitating
                 .
              
               
                 Others
                 have
                 opposed
                 this
                 explication
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 writ
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 
                   Aqua
                   Regalis
                
                 dissolves
                 Gold
                 ,
                 and
                 cannot
                 dissolve
                 Silver
                 ,
                 the
                 reason
                 of
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 gross
                 points
                 of
                 
                   spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   Aqua
                   fortis
                
                 are
                 subtilized
                 by
                 the
                 mixture
                 of
                 
                   sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 rendred
                 fit
                 to
                 enter
                 into
                 the
                 small
                 pores
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 whereas
                 the
                 delicate
                 Fabrick
                 of
                 these
                 same
                 points
                 does
                 not
                 leave
                 them
                 the
                 necessary
                 strength
                 nor
                 motion
                 to
                 divide
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 Silver
                 ,
                 whose
                 pores
                 are
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 bigger
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 this
                 way
                 of
                 arguing
                 does
                 not
                 agree
                 with
                 experience
                 ;
                 for
                 what
                 likelihood
                 is
                 there
                 that
                 the
                 points
                 of
                 
                   spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 are
                 so
                 subtilized
                 by
                 the
                 penetration
                 and
                 division
                 of
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 
                   sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 ?
                 or
                 where
                 shall
                 we
                 find
                 any
                 example
                 ,
                 that
                 after
                 a
                 considerable
                 effervescency
                 of
                 two
                 salts
                 met
                 together
                 in
                 conflict
                 ,
                 the
                 acidity
                 grows
                 sharper
                 than
                 it
                 was
                 before
                 ?
                 this
                 is
                 a
                 thing
                 that
                 can
                 never
                 be
                 proved
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 every
                 body
                 knows
                 well
                 enough
                 that
                 no
                 effervescency
                 happens
                 but
                 the
                 acid
                 is
                 in
                 part
                 blunted
                 or
                 broken
                 thereby
                 .
                 Moreover
                 the
                 Argument
                 supposes
                 that
                 
                   spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 does
                 break
                 its
                 subtilest
                 points
                 in
                 violently
                 contending
                 
                 with
                 the
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 ,
                 since
                 also
                 that
                 in
                 
                   sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 there
                 are
                 alkali
                 salts
                 whose
                 property
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 destroy
                 acids
                 .
                 I
                 could
                 further
                 add
                 here
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 conjunction
                 of
                 salt
                 with
                 
                   spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 should
                 of
                 necessity
                 render
                 its
                 points
                 more
                 gross
                 than
                 they
                 were
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Crystals
                 which
                 are
                 drawn
                 by
                 
                   aqua
                   Regalis
                
                 have
                 their
                 shape
                 not
                 so
                 keen
                 as
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 drawn
                 by
                 
                   aqua
                   Fortis
                
                 .
                 But
                 that
                 which
                 I
                 have
                 said
                 is
                 so
                 probable
                 in
                 itself
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 easie
                 to
                 be
                 convinced
                 of
                 ,
                 if
                 a
                 man
                 takes
                 never
                 so
                 little
                 pains
                 to
                 consider
                 it
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 should
                 but
                 amuse
                 my
                 Reader
                 to
                 little
                 purpose
                 ,
                 if
                 I
                 should
                 offer
                 to
                 give
                 any
                 proofs
                 of
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 Neither
                 do
                 I
                 find
                 it
                 convenient
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 long
                 discourse
                 in
                 explicating
                 how
                 Silver
                 ,
                 which
                 has
                 lesser
                 pores
                 ,
                 is
                 more
                 susceptible
                 of
                 the
                 impressions
                 of
                 Air
                 and
                 Fire
                 ,
                 than
                 Gold
                 which
                 has
                 larger
                 ,
                 seeing
                 I
                 have
                 already
                 supposed
                 that
                 the
                 matter
                 intercepted
                 between
                 the
                 pores
                 of
                 Gold
                 is
                 more
                 compact
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 more
                 hard
                 to
                 separate
                 than
                 that
                 of
                 Silver
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Volatile
               Spirit
               of
               Sal
               Armoniack
               .
            
             
               This
               preparation
               is
               a
               volatile
               salt
               raised
               from
               
                 sal
                 Armoniack
              
               by
               the
               means
               of
               Quick-lime
               ,
               and
               dissolved
               into
               a
               liquor
               .
            
             
               Take
               eight
               ounces
               of
               
                 sal
                 Armoniack
              
               ,
               and
               four
               and
               twenty
               ounces
               of
               Quick-lime
               ;
               powder
               them
               apart
               ,
               and
               when
               you
               haved
               mixed
               them
               in
               a
               mortar
               ,
               pour
               upon
               them
               four
               ounces
               of
               water
               ,
               and
               put
               it
               quickly
               into
               a
               Retort
               ,
               whose
               half
               must
               remain
               empty
               .
               Set
               your
               Retort
               in
               a
               sand
               Furnace
               ,
               and
               
               fitting
               to
               it
               a
               great
               Receiver
               ,
               and
               luting
               the
               junctures
               exactly
               ,
               begin
               the
               distillation
               without
               fire
               ,
               for
               a
               quarter
               of
               an
               hour
               ;
               afterwards
               increasing
               it
               by
               little
               and
               little
               unto
               the
               second
               degree
               ,
               continue
               it
               until
               nothing
               more
               comes
               forth
               ;
               take
               off
               your
               Receiver
               ,
               and
               pour
               out
               the
               Spirit
               immediately
               into
               a
               Viol
               ,
               turning
               away
               your
               head
               as
               much
               as
               may
               be
               to
               avoid
               a
               very
               subtile
               vapour
               that
               continually
               rises
               from
               it
               .
               Stop
               the
               bottle
               close
               with
               wax
               ,
               to
               keep
               the
               Spirit
               in
               ;
               you
               will
               have
               of
               it
               five
               ounces
               ,
               and
               six
               drachms
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               an
               excellent
               Remedy
               for
               all
               diseases
               that
               proceed
               from
               Obstructions
               ,
               and
               corruption
               of
               humours
               ,
               such
               as
               Malignant
               feavers
               ,
               the
               Epilepsie
               ,
               Palsie
               ,
               Plague
               ,
               Small-pox
               ,
               &c.
               
               It
               drives
               by
               perspiration
               ,
               or
               by
               Urine
               :
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               six
               drops
               to
               twenty
               ,
               in
               a
               glass
               of
               Balm
               ,
               or
               Carduus
               water
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 Quick-lime
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 an
                 alkali
                 ,
                 destroys
                 the
                 strength
                 of
                 the
                 acid
                 Sea-salt
                 ,
                 which
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 bound
                 up
                 the
                 volatile
                 salts
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 ,
                 whence
                 it
                 comes
                 to
                 pass
                 ,
                 that
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 Lime
                 and
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 are
                 mixed
                 together
                 ,
                 there
                 exhales
                 an
                 unsufferable
                 smell
                 of
                 Urine
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 volatile
                 salts
                 coming
                 forth
                 abundantly
                 do
                 so
                 fill
                 the
                 Nose
                 and
                 Mouth
                 of
                 the
                 Artist
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 never
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 put
                 the
                 mixture
                 into
                 the
                 Retort
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 did
                 not
                 take
                 good
                 care
                 to
                 turn
                 away
                 his
                 head
                 ,
                 while
                 his
                 hands
                 are
                 at
                 work
                 .
              
               
               
                 Water
                 is
                 added
                 to
                 it
                 to
                 liquifie
                 these
                 volatile
                 salts
                 ,
                 for
                 if
                 there
                 were
                 nothing
                 to
                 moisten
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 suddenly
                 sublime
                 to
                 the
                 neck
                 of
                 the
                 Retort
                 ,
                 and
                 stopping
                 it
                 all
                 together
                 would
                 break
                 it
                 to
                 pieces
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 must
                 stop
                 the
                 Retort
                 with
                 your
                 hand
                 ,
                 so
                 soon
                 as
                 you
                 have
                 poured
                 the
                 water
                 into
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 shaking
                 it
                 one
                 minute
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 hasten
                 all
                 you
                 can
                 to
                 fit
                 to
                 it
                 the
                 Receiver
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 lute
                 well
                 the
                 junctures
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Quick-lime
                 does
                 presently
                 grow
                 hot
                 ,
                 so
                 soon
                 as
                 its
                 body
                 is
                 opened
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 heat
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 very
                 considerable
                 would
                 spend
                 the
                 more
                 volatile
                 of
                 the
                 salts
                 ,
                 if
                 there
                 were
                 no
                 care
                 taken
                 to
                 preserve
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Quick-lime
                 being
                 wetted
                 does
                 swell
                 ,
                 and
                 take
                 up
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 room
                 ;
                 wherefore
                 the
                 Retort
                 must
                 be
                 filled
                 but
                 half
                 full
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 may
                 remain
                 room
                 enough
                 for
                 the
                 Spirits
                 to
                 rarefie
                 in
                 ;
                 you
                 must
                 also
                 use
                 a
                 large
                 Receiver
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 vapours
                 that
                 rise
                 in
                 abundance
                 may
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 circulate
                 with
                 ease
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Spirit
                 is
                 nothing
                 but
                 a
                 solution
                 of
                 volatile
                 salts
                 in
                 water
                 ;
                 if
                 you
                 would
                 sublime
                 ,
                 and
                 separate
                 it
                 from
                 the
                 water
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 put
                 the
                 liquor
                 into
                 a
                 matrass
                 with
                 its
                 head
                 ,
                 and
                 proceed
                 as
                 I
                 shall
                 shew
                 when
                 I
                 describe
                 the
                 volatile
                 salt
                 of
                 Vipers
                 ;
                 but
                 this
                 salt
                 being
                 dry
                 ,
                 flies
                 away
                 more
                 easily
                 than
                 when
                 it
                 continues
                 dissolved
                 in
                 water
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 it
                 were
                 better
                 keep
                 it
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 is
                 a
                 stronger
                 Spirit
                 than
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 prepared
                 with
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 little
                 fiery
                 bodies
                 of
                 the
                 Quick-lime
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 mixed
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 have
                 quickned
                 the
                 motion
                 of
                 the
                 volatile
                 salts
                 ;
                 likewise
                 these
                 fiery
                 particles
                 are
                 they
                 that
                 do
                 
                 hinder
                 the
                 coagulation
                 of
                 this
                 Spirit
                 with
                 
                   spirit
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 mixed
                 together
                 ,
                 for
                 there
                 must
                 be
                 a
                 cohaesion
                 and
                 repose
                 of
                 parts
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 Coagulum
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 must
                 also
                 have
                 a
                 care
                 when
                 you
                 remove
                 the
                 Receiver
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 hold
                 your
                 head
                 over
                 it
                 ;
                 for
                 this
                 volatile
                 salt
                 suffering
                 a
                 greater
                 separation
                 than
                 before
                 ,
                 enters
                 the
                 Nose
                 immmediately
                 ,
                 and
                 hinders
                 Respiration
                 ;
                 insomuch
                 that
                 several
                 persons
                 have
                 been
                 seen
                 to
                 fall
                 in
                 a
                 swound
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 alone
                 .
                 Now
                 to
                 avoid
                 this
                 accident
                 ,
                 you
                 had
                 best
                 have
                 ready
                 a
                 wet
                 cloth
                 ,
                 to
                 stop
                 the
                 Receiver
                 with
                 ,
                 so
                 soon
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 unluted
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Spirit
                 is
                 an
                 excellent
                 Menstruum
                 to
                 make
                 precipitations
                 with
                 ,
                 it
                 destroys
                 acids
                 exceeding
                 well
                 ,
                 as
                 do
                 all
                 other
                 volatile
                 alkalis
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 used
                 to
                 precipitate
                 Gold
                 ,
                 after
                 it
                 is
                 dissolved
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 good
                 in
                 those
                 diseases
                 I
                 named
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 opens
                 the
                 pores
                 ,
                 and
                 drives
                 the
                 humours
                 by
                 perspiration
                 ,
                 or
                 by
                 Urine
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 disposition
                 of
                 bodies
                 :
                 moreover
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 an
                 alkali
                 ,
                 it
                 destroys
                 the
                 acids
                 which
                 caused
                 these
                 diseases
                 .
              
               
                 Again
                 ,
                 it
                 sometimes
                 causes
                 sleep
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 dulls
                 the
                 keenness
                 of
                 acid
                 salts
                 ,
                 which
                 entring
                 into
                 the
                 little
                 conduits
                 of
                 the
                 Brain
                 ,
                 do
                 cause
                 perpetual
                 watchings
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 better
                 give
                 volatile
                 Spirits
                 in
                 Sudorifick
                 waters
                 ,
                 than
                 broth
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 broth
                 being
                 taken
                 hot
                 ,
                 the
                 heat
                 would
                 evaporate
                 the
                 better
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 volatile
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 before
                 a
                 man
                 could
                 reach
                 the
                 Porringer
                 to
                 his
                 mouth
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 will
                 find
                 in
                 the
                 Retort
                 thirty
                 ounces
                 of
                 a
                 white
                 matter
                 ,
                 which
                 you
                 must
                 throw
                 away
                 as
                 useless
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 fixt
                 salt
                 of
                 
                   sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 mixed
                 with
                 the
                 Quick-lime
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               Another
               Preparation
               of
               the
               Volatile
               Spirit
               of
               Sal
               Armoniack
               ,
               together
               with
               its
               Flowers
               ,
               and
               Fixt
               Salt
               against
               Feavers
               .
            
             
               Powder
               and
               mix
               together
               eight
               ounces
               of
               
                 Sal
                 Armoniack
              
               ,
               and
               so
               much
               
                 Salt
                 of
                 Tartar
              
               ;
               put
               this
               mixture
               quickly
               into
               a
               glass
               body
               ,
               and
               sprinkle
               it
               with
               three
               ounces
               of
               Rain-water
               ,
               set
               a
               head
               upon
               it
               ,
               and
               after
               fitting
               the
               Receiver
               ,
               and
               luting
               the
               junctures
               close
               with
               a
               wet
               bladder
               ,
               place
               your
               vessel
               in
               sand
               ,
               with
               a
               gentle
               fire
               at
               first
               to
               warm
               the
               Retort
               by
               little
               and
               little
               ,
               and
               distil
               the
               Spirit
               drop
               by
               drop
               ;
               but
               when
               you
               perceive
               there
               will
               distil
               no
               more
               ,
               take
               away
               the
               Receiver
               ,
               and
               stop
               it
               close
               :
               then
               encrease
               the
               fire
               to
               the
               third
               degree
               ,
               and
               continue
               it
               about
               two
               hours
               ,
               there
               will
               sublime
               the
               
                 white
                 Flowers
                 of
                 Sal
                 Armoniack
              
               ,
               which
               will
               stick
               about
               the
               bottom
               of
               the
               head
               like
               meal
               .
            
             
               The
               Spirit
               hath
               the
               same
               strength
               ,
               and
               virtues
               as
               the
               former
               :
               you
               will
               have
               seven
               ounces
               of
               it
               ,
               and
               a
               half
               .
            
             
               Gather
               up
               the
               Flowers
               with
               a
               Feather
               ,
               and
               use
               them
               as
               you
               would
               those
               I
               described
               before
               the
               Preparation
               :
               you
               'l
               have
               of
               them
               ten
               drachms
               ,
               and
               a
               half
               .
            
             
               There
               remains
               at
               the
               bottom
               of
               the
               Cucurbite
               nine
               ounces
               ,
               and
               three
               drachms
               of
               a
               white
               fixt
               mass
               .
               You
               must
               dissolve
               it
               in
               sufficient
               water
               ,
               then
               filter
               the
               dissolution
               ,
               and
               evaporate
               it
               ,
               until
               it
               is
               dry
               ,
               you
               'l
               have
               a
               very
               white
               Salt
               ,
               that
               may
               be
               reckoned
               a
               good
               Remedy
               for
               intermittent
               
               Feavers
               :
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               eight
               grains
               to
               thirty
               in
               the
               small
               Centaury
               water
               ,
               or
               some
               other
               convenient
               liquor
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 serves
                 in
                 this
                 Operation
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Quick-lime
                 did
                 in
                 the
                 other
                 ;
                 but
                 because
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 more
                 powerful
                 Alkali
                 than
                 Quick-lime
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 not
                 use
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 quantity
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 The
                 fixt
                 Salt
                 of
                 Niter
                 might
                 be
                 substituted
                 in
                 its
                 place
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 other
                 Alkali
                 that
                 you
                 will.
                 
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 fire
                 begins
                 to
                 heat
                 the
                 matter
                 ,
                 there
                 do
                 rise
                 up
                 into
                 the
                 head
                 store
                 of
                 volatile
                 Salts
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 fine
                 delicate
                 Crystalline
                 form
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 moist
                 vapours
                 coming
                 upon
                 them
                 do
                 dissolve
                 them
                 into
                 Spirit
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Volatile
                 Spirit
                 of
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 is
                 then
                 a
                 dissolution
                 of
                 Volatile
                 salt
                 in
                 water
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 there
                 be
                 not
                 phlegm
                 sufficient
                 to
                 dissolue
                 all
                 the
                 Volatile
                 salt
                 ,
                 there
                 will
                 remain
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 it
                 at
                 bottom
                 of
                 the
                 Receiver
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 may
                 likewise
                 be
                 turn'd
                 into
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 by
                 only
                 adding
                 enough
                 water
                 to
                 dissolve
                 it
                 .
                 Thus
                 the
                 Spirit
                 becomes
                 as
                 strong
                 as
                 it
                 can
                 be
                 made
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 pores
                 of
                 the
                 water
                 being
                 filled
                 with
                 as
                 much
                 salt
                 as
                 they
                 can
                 contain
                 ,
                 it
                 can
                 receive
                 no
                 more
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 there
                 happens
                 to
                 be
                 more
                 water
                 than
                 the
                 proportion
                 of
                 Volatile
                 Salt
                 requires
                 ,
                 then
                 the
                 Spirit
                 proves
                 weak
                 ,
                 and
                 must
                 be
                 given
                 in
                 a
                 larger
                 dose
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Spirit
                 is
                 Sudorifick
                 ,
                 but
                 you
                 may
                 perceive
                 more
                 sensibly
                 the
                 effect
                 of
                 
                   Sal
                   armoniack
                
                 to
                 cause
                 Sweat
                 ,
                 by
                 dissolving
                 six
                 or
                 eight
                 grains
                 of
                 this
                 salt
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 quantity
                 of
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 ,
                 each
                 separately
                 in
                 two
                 small
                 doses
                 of
                 some
                 proper
                 liquor
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 giving
                 them
                 to
                 a
                 Patient
                 one
                 presently
                 after
                 the
                 other
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 
                   salt
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 working
                 upon
                 the
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 in
                 the
                 stomach
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 as
                 it
                 does
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 mixt
                 together
                 in
                 a
                 Mortar
                 ,
                 the
                 Spirits
                 do
                 separate
                 from
                 the
                 latter
                 with
                 the
                 more
                 force
                 ,
                 and
                 act
                 more
                 powerfully
                 ,
                 than
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 mixed
                 ,
                 before
                 they
                 were
                 given
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 little
                 violence
                 that
                 the
                 Volatile
                 Spirits
                 do
                 use
                 in
                 their
                 separation
                 from
                 sea-salt
                 ,
                 does
                 leave
                 them
                 the
                 more
                 activity
                 ,
                 and
                 disposes
                 them
                 the
                 better
                 to
                 pass
                 through
                 the
                 pores
                 .
                 Again
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 probable
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 former
                 effort
                 which
                 these
                 Spirits
                 made
                 in
                 their
                 separation
                 from
                 the
                 fixt
                 part
                 ,
                 when
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 was
                 mixt
                 with
                 
                   salt
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 in
                 a
                 mortar
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 subtile
                 part
                 might
                 fly
                 away
                 first
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 lost
                 ;
                 now
                 it
                 is
                 this
                 subtile
                 portion
                 that
                 is
                 most
                 proper
                 to
                 rarefie
                 the
                 humours
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 drive
                 them
                 forth
                 by
                 Transpiration
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 flowers
                 do
                 proceed
                 from
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 
                   salt
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 had
                 not
                 sufficiently
                 opened
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Febrifugous
                 salt
                 is
                 nothing
                 but
                 a
                 mixture
                 of
                 
                   salt
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 fixt
                 and
                 acid
                 part
                 of
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 ,
                 it
                 works
                 by
                 Urine
                 ,
                 and
                 but
                 seldom
                 by
                 Sweat
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 that
                 being
                 fixed
                 it
                 precipitates
                 more
                 easily
                 than
                 it
                 rarefies
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 that
                 it
                 opens
                 obstructions
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 often
                 the
                 first
                 cause
                 of
                 Feavers
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 mix
                 in
                 a
                 Viol
                 equal
                 quantities
                 of
                 Volatile
                 Spirit
                 of
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 ,
                 &
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 ,
                 and
                 shake
                 them
                 a
                 little
                 together
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 cause
                 a
                 Coagulum
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Coagulation
                 proceeds
                 from
                 hence
                 that
                 the
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 rarefied
                 Oil
                 ,
                 does
                 unite
                 with
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 saline
                 
                 liquor
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 but
                 the
                 same
                 thing
                 which
                 happens
                 from
                 stirring
                 Oil
                 and
                 some
                 salt
                 liquor
                 in
                 a
                 mortar
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 make
                 an
                 Unguent
                 ,
                 called
                 Nutritum
                 .
              
               
                 By
                 this
                 incorporation
                 together
                 ,
                 the
                 salt
                 is
                 involved
                 in
                 the
                 ramous
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 sulphur
                 ,
                 and
                 these
                 same
                 sulphureous
                 parts
                 are
                 checkt
                 ,
                 or
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 fixed
                 by
                 the
                 salt
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 neither
                 of
                 them
                 have
                 any
                 more
                 freedom
                 of
                 motion
                 ;
                 and
                 from
                 this
                 repose
                 of
                 these
                 parts
                 does
                 result
                 the
                 Coagulum
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 may
                 be
                 likewise
                 said
                 that
                 the
                 conjunction
                 of
                 the
                 acid
                 that
                 is
                 in
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 with
                 the
                 volatile
                 Armoniack
                 alkali
                 ,
                 does
                 contribute
                 much
                 to
                 this
                 Coagulation
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Spirit
                 of
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 prepared
                 with
                 Quick-lime
                 does
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 coagulate
                 with
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Wine
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 fiery
                 parts
                 that
                 it
                 contains
                 The
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 too
                 may
                 have
                 mixed
                 some
                 fiery
                 bodies
                 in
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 ,
                 but
                 there
                 are
                 not
                 enough
                 of
                 them
                 in
                 it
                 to
                 hinder
                 its
                 adunation
                 with
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Wine
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Volatile
               Spirit
               of
               Sal
               Armoniack
               dulcified
               .
            
             
               This
               Operation
               is
               a
               volatile
               
                 Armoniack
                 salt
              
               mixed
               ,
               and
               dissolved
               in
               Spirit
               of
               Wine
               .
            
             
               Take
               
                 Sal
                 Armoniack
              
               ,
               and
               
                 Salt
                 of
                 Tartar
              
               ,
               of
               each
               four
               ounces
               ,
               powder
               them
               separately
               and
               mix
               them
               well
               in
               a
               glass
               ,
               or
               marble
               mortar
               ,
               put
               this
               mixture
               into
               a
               glass
               body
               ,
               pour
               upon
               it
               ten
               ounces
               of
               rectified
               Spirit
               of
               Wine
               ,
               stir
               it
               all
               together
               with
               a
               wooden
               Spatule
               ,
               and
               fit
               to
               the
               body
               a
               head
               ,
               and
               Receiver
               ,
               lute
               well
               the
               junctures
               ,
               place
               the
               vessel
               
               in
               a
               Sand-furnace
               ,
               and
               give
               it
               a
               very
               little
               fire
               ,
               to
               warm
               the
               body
               .
               The
               volatile
               salt
               will
               rise
               ,
               and
               stick
               to
               the
               head
               ,
               and
               neck
               of
               the
               receiver
               .
               Increase
               the
               fire
               a
               little
               ,
               and
               continue
               it
               ,
               until
               there
               distils
               nothing
               more
               ,
               the
               operation
               is
               ended
               in
               four
               or
               five
               hours
               .
               Let
               the
               vessels
               cool
               ,
               and
               unlute
               them
               .
               You
               will
               find
               a
               volatile
               salt
               stuck
               to
               the
               head
               ,
               and
               a
               spirit
               in
               the
               receiver
               .
               Put
               quickly
               both
               the
               one
               and
               the
               other
               into
               a
               Retort
               in
               sand
               ;
               and
               after
               having
               fitted
               another
               Retort
               to
               it
               to
               serve
               for
               a
               Receiver
               ,
               and
               having
               luted
               the
               junctures
               ,
               distil
               the
               whole
               with
               a
               small
               fire
               .
               Cohobate
               it
               again
               three
               times
               ,
               then
               keep
               what
               you
               have
               distilled
               in
               a
               bottle
               well
               stopt
               ,
               almost
               all
               the
               volatile
               salt
               will
               be
               dissolved
               in
               the
               Spirit
               of
               Wine
               ,
               and
               that
               which
               remains
               undissolved
               will
               receive
               a
               perfect
               dissolution
               in
               the
               bottle
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               a
               very
               good
               Medicin
               for
               the
               Lethargy
               ,
               the
               Palsy
               ,
               the
               Scurvy
               ,
               Malignant
               feavers
               ,
               and
               Hysterical
               maladies
               ;
               it
               may
               be
               given
               instead
               of
               Spirit
               of
               
                 Sal
                 Armoniack
              
               before
               described
               .
               And
               it
               is
               not
               so
               repugnant
               to
               the
               taste
               .
               It
               works
               by
               Sweat
               ,
               or
               by
               insensible
               Transpiration
               ;
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               twelve
               drops
               to
               thirty
               ,
               in
               some
               proper
               liquor
               ;
               it
               is
               likewise
               good
               ,
               outwardly
               applied
               ,
               for
               the
               Palsie
               ,
               and
               for
               cold
               pains
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 So
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 is
                 mixed
                 with
                 the
                 
                   salt
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 ,
                 Volatile
                 salts
                 do
                 rise
                 from
                 them
                 ,
                 which
                 would
                 very
                 much
                 incommode
                 the
                 Artist
                 if
                 he
                 should
                 hold
                 his
                 nose
                 over
                 it
                 .
                 You
                 must
                 lose
                 no
                 
                 time
                 in
                 putting
                 the
                 mixture
                 into
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 stopping
                 it
                 ,
                 for
                 these
                 first
                 salts
                 are
                 the
                 most
                 subtile
                 of
                 all
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 salts
                 must
                 be
                 separately
                 powdered
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 loss
                 which
                 would
                 be
                 made
                 of
                 the
                 volatile
                 salts
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 mixing
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 with
                 the
                 
                   salt
                   of
                   Tartar.
                
                 
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 making
                 this
                 mixture
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 not
                 use
                 any
                 mortar
                 made
                 of
                 metal
                 ,
                 because
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 conflict
                 of
                 the
                 two
                 salts
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 corroded
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 which
                 were
                 corroded
                 from
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 apt
                 to
                 spoil
                 the
                 operation
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 body
                 must
                 be
                 filled
                 but
                 half
                 way
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 whole
                 is
                 in
                 .
                 The
                 volatile
                 salt
                 is
                 lighter
                 than
                 the
                 spirit
                 of
                 Wine
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 rises
                 first
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Wine
                 is
                 well
                 rectified
                 ;
                 it
                 will
                 not
                 dissolve
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 volatile
                 salt
                 at
                 first
                 ,
                 but
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 it
                 hinders
                 this
                 salt
                 from
                 dissolving
                 in
                 a
                 liquor
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 ramous
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 wine
                 do
                 stop
                 the
                 entrance
                 of
                 the
                 air
                 ,
                 but
                 if
                 there
                 be
                 any
                 phlegm
                 in
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Wine
                 ,
                 it
                 dissolves
                 the
                 salt
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 proportion
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 of
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 Those
                 who
                 had
                 rather
                 use
                 the
                 volatile
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 dry
                 ,
                 then
                 in
                 liquor
                 ,
                 may
                 keep
                 it
                 dry
                 in
                 a
                 bottle
                 well
                 stopt
                 ,
                 and
                 use
                 it
                 for
                 the
                 same
                 purposes
                 as
                 the
                 spirit
                 ;
                 the
                 dose
                 of
                 it
                 must
                 be
                 a
                 little
                 less
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 very
                 white
                 and
                 pure
                 ,
                 this
                 keeps
                 better
                 than
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 drawn
                 with
                 water
                 ,
                 because
                 an
                 impression
                 of
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Wine
                 which
                 remains
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 does
                 serve
                 to
                 retain
                 the
                 salts
                 in
                 some
                 measure
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 need
                 not
                 wonder
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 happens
                 no
                 Coagulum
                 ,
                 when
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Wine
                 and
                 this
                 volatile
                 salt
                 are
                 stirred
                 together
                 in
                 a
                 bottle
                 ,
                 as
                 there
                 does
                 
                 by
                 the
                 mixture
                 of
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Wine
                 ,
                 and
                 Spirit
                 of
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 ,
                 for
                 this
                 salt
                 having
                 all
                 its
                 parts
                 intirely
                 united
                 ,
                 cannot
                 so
                 well
                 mix
                 with
                 the
                 sulphur
                 of
                 spirit
                 of
                 wine
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 you
                 add
                 water
                 enough
                 to
                 dissolve
                 the
                 salt
                 ,
                 then
                 there
                 will
                 be
                 a
                 coagulum
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 salt
                 will
                 be
                 disunited
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 water
                 will
                 enter
                 into
                 the
                 pores
                 of
                 Spirit
                 of
                 wine
                 .
                 I
                 have
                 explicated
                 this
                 coagulum
                 in
                 the
                 Remarks
                 of
                 the
                 Chapter
                 preceding
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 volatile
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 does
                 dissolve
                 well
                 with
                 waterish
                 liquors
                 ,
                 and
                 spirit
                 of
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 may
                 be
                 made
                 of
                 them
                 together
                 ,
                 by
                 only
                 mixing
                 water
                 enough
                 to
                 dissolve
                 the
                 salt
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 you
                 would
                 mix
                 ,
                 or
                 dissolve
                 it
                 in
                 Spirit
                 of
                 wine
                 ,
                 you
                 will
                 find
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 trouble
                 in
                 the
                 doing
                 it
                 ;
                 if
                 you
                 should
                 only
                 infuse
                 it
                 in
                 spirit
                 of
                 wine
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 none
                 of
                 it
                 dissolve
                 ;
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 a
                 way
                 to
                 keep
                 and
                 preserve
                 the
                 salt
                 ;
                 therefore
                 you
                 must
                 distil
                 it
                 over
                 several
                 times
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 saline
                 parts
                 may
                 rarefie
                 ,
                 and
                 unite
                 with
                 the
                 spirit
                 of
                 wine
                 .
                 That
                 which
                 remains
                 undissolved
                 in
                 the
                 Receiver
                 ,
                 has
                 been
                 very
                 much
                 rarefied
                 by
                 repeated
                 distillations
                 ;
                 for
                 which
                 reason
                 it
                 also
                 dissolves
                 some
                 days
                 afterwards
                 .
              
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 wine
                 in
                 this
                 operation
                 hath
                 so
                 wrought
                 upon
                 the
                 volatile
                 salts
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 no
                 longer
                 so
                 disagreeable
                 to
                 the
                 taste
                 or
                 the
                 smell
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 before
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 that
                 it
                 sweetens
                 them
                 ,
                 for
                 sulphurs
                 do
                 contemperate
                 the
                 acrimony
                 of
                 salts
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 said
                 speaking
                 of
                 the
                 Principles
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               Acid
               Spirit
               of
               Sal
               Armoniack
               .
            
             
               This
               Spirit
               is
               a
               fixed
               
                 Sal
                 Armoniack
              
               ,
               dissolved
               into
               a
               liquor
               with
               a
               great
               fire
               .
            
             
               Take
               what
               quantity
               you
               please
               of
               the
               
                 fixt
                 Febrifugous
                 salt
              
               ,
               that
               I
               have
               spoken
               of
               ;
               powder
               it
               ,
               and
               mix
               it
               well
               with
               thrice
               as
               much
               Potters-earth
               powdered
               :
               put
               this
               mixture
               into
               a
               Retort
               whose
               third
               part
               remains
               empty
               ,
               place
               it
               in
               a
               close
               Reverberatory
               Furnace
               ,
               and
               fit
               to
               it
               a
               large
               capacious
               Receiver
               .
               Lute
               the
               junctures
               close
               ,
               and
               proceed
               in
               the
               method
               I
               spoke
               of
               ,
               to
               make
               the
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Salt
              
               ,
               you
               'l
               find
               in
               the
               Receiver
               an
               acid
               spirit
               ,
               which
               is
               a
               very
               good
               diuretick
               .
               It
               is
               esteemed
               to
               be
               specifick
               for
               Malignant
               diseases
               :
               the
               dose
               is
               to
               an
               agreeable
               acidity
               in
               Juleps
               and
               broths
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 acid
                 Spirit
                 proceeds
                 from
                 the
                 fixt
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Alkali
                 contributes
                 not
                 one
                 drop
                 of
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 Although
                 the
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 has
                 weakned
                 the
                 strength
                 of
                 Sea-salt
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 mixed
                 with
                 the
                 volatile
                 salts
                 in
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 said
                 ,
                 this
                 same
                 sea-salt
                 nevertheless
                 will
                 yield
                 a
                 very
                 acid
                 spirit
                 upon
                 distillation
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 sea-salt
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 have
                 suffered
                 a
                 strong
                 conflict
                 with
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 yet
                 do
                 contain
                 a
                 Spirit
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 they
                 do
                 otherwise
                 intire
                 ;
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 as
                 when
                 sea-salt
                 is
                 reduced
                 into
                 a
                 very
                 fine
                 
                 powder
                 ,
                 it
                 continues
                 as
                 full
                 of
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 as
                 when
                 it
                 was
                 in
                 larger
                 pieces
                 ;
                 for
                 you
                 must
                 not
                 imagine
                 that
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 does
                 contain
                 the
                 acidity
                 of
                 sea-salt
                 separate
                 from
                 its
                 earth
                 ,
                 for
                 if
                 it
                 could
                 remain
                 in
                 it
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 state
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 quietly
                 divide
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Alkali
                 salt
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 it
                 is
                 mixed
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 be
                 destroyed
                 it self
                 ,
                 but
                 this
                 salt
                 remains
                 in
                 it
                 in
                 its
                 substance
                 intire
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             XVIII
             .
             
               Of
               Vitriol
            
             .
          
           
             VItriol
             is
             a
             Mineral
             compounded
             of
             an
             
               Acid
               Salt
            
             ,
             and
             
               Sulphureous
               Earth
            
             ;
             there
             are
             four
             sorts
             of
             it
             ,
             the
             Blue
             ,
             the
             White
             ,
             the
             Green
             ,
             and
             the
             Red.
             
          
           
             The
             Blue
             is
             found
             near
             the
             Mines
             of
             Copper
             ,
             in
             Hungary
             ,
             and
             the
             
               Isle
               of
               Cyprus
            
             ,
             from
             whence
             it
             is
             brought
             to
             us
             in
             fair
             Crystals
             ,
             which
             keep
             the
             name
             of
             the
             Country
             ,
             and
             are
             called
             
               Vitriol
               of
               Hungary
            
             ,
             or
             Cyprus
             ;
             it
             partakes
             very
             much
             of
             the
             nature
             of
             Copper
             ,
             which
             renders
             it
             a
             little
             Caustick
             ;
             it
             is
             never
             used
             but
             in
             outward
             applications
             ,
             such
             as
             Collyriums
             ,
             or
             waters
             for
             the
             eyes
             ,
             and
             to
             consume
             proud
             flesh
             .
          
           
             
               White
               Vitriol
            
             is
             found
             near
             unto
             Fountains
             ,
             it
             is
             the
             most
             of
             all
             depurated
             from
             a
             Metallick
             mixture
             :
             it
             may
             be
             taken
             inwardly
             to
             give
             a
             vomit
             ;
             it
             is
             likewise
             used
             in
             Collyriums
             .
          
           
           
             There
             are
             three
             sorts
             of
             
               Green
               Vitriol
            
             ,
             the
             
               German
               ,
               English
            
             ,
             and
             the
             Roman
             .
             That
             of
             Germany
             draws
             near
             unto
             the
             blue
             ,
             and
             contains
             a
             little
             Copper
             ,
             it
             is
             better
             than
             the
             rest
             for
             the
             preparation
             of
             
               Aqua
               fortis
            
             .
             That
             of
             England
             partakes
             of
             Iron
             ,
             and
             is
             proper
             to
             make
             the
             
               Spirit
               of
               Vitriol
            
             .
             The
             Roman
             is
             much
             like
             the
             
               English
               Vitriol
            
             ,
             excepting
             that
             it
             is
             not
             so
             easie
             to
             dissolve
             .
          
           
             
               Red
               Vitriol
            
             was
             brought
             among
             us
             a
             few
             years
             ago
             out
             of
             Germany
             ,
             it
             is
             called
             
               Natural
               Colcothar
            
             ,
             and
             is
             esteemed
             to
             be
             a
             
               Green
               Vitriol
               Calcined
            
             by
             some
             subterranean
             heat
             .
             It
             is
             the
             least
             common
             of
             them
             all
             ,
             it
             stops
             Bloud
             ,
             being
             applied
             to
             Hemorrhagies
             .
          
           
             If
             you
             dissolve
             a
             little
             white
             ,
             or
             
               green
               Vitriol
            
             in
             water
             ,
             and
             write
             with
             the
             dissolution
             ,
             the
             writing
             will
             not
             be
             seen
             ,
             but
             if
             you
             rub
             the
             paper
             with
             a
             little
             Cotton
             dipt
             in
             the
             decoction
             of
             Galls
             ,
             it
             will
             appear
             legible
             ;
             then
             if
             you
             wet
             a
             little
             more
             Cotton
             in
             
               Spirit
               of
               Vitriol
            
             ,
             and
             pass
             it
             gently
             over
             the
             paper
             ,
             the
             Ink
             will
             disappear
             again
             ;
             and
             yet
             at
             last
             if
             you
             rub
             the
             place
             with
             a
             little
             more
             Cotton
             dipt
             in
             
               Oil
               of
               Tartar
            
             made
             
               per
               Deliquium
            
             ,
             it
             will
             again
             appear
             legible
             ,
             but
             of
             a
             Yellowish
             colour
             .
          
           
             The
             reason
             that
             I
             can
             give
             for
             these
             effects
             is
             this
             ,
             the
             
               Spirit
               of
               Vitriol
            
             dissolves
             a
             certain
             Coagulum
             which
             is
             made
             of
             Vitriol
             and
             Galls
             ,
             but
             the
             
               Oil
               of
               Tartar
            
             breaking
             the
             force
             of
             this
             acid
             Spirit
             ,
             the
             Coagulum
             recovers
             it self
             ,
             and
             appears
             again
             ,
             but
             because
             it
             now
             contains
             
               Oil
               of
               Tartar
            
             too
             ,
             it
             acquires
             a
             new
             colour
             .
          
           
             If
             you
             throw
             the
             dissolution
             of
             Vitriol
             ,
             or
             Vitriol
             only
             powdered
             ,
             into
             a
             strong
             decoction
             of
             dried
             
             Roses
             ,
             it
             will
             turn
             as
             black
             as
             common
             Ink
             ;
             if
             you
             pour
             some
             drops
             of
             
               spirit
               of
               Vitriol
            
             into
             it
             ,
             this
             Ink
             will
             turn
             red
             ;
             and
             if
             you
             add
             to
             it
             a
             little
             volatile
             spirit
             of
             
               Sal
               Armoniack
            
             ,
             it
             will
             turn
             gray
             .
          
           
             These
             changes
             of
             colour
             do
             proceed
             from
             the
             
               spirit
               of
            
             Vitriol's
             dissolving
             the
             Coagulum
             which
             the
             Vitriol
             it self
             had
             made
             ,
             and
             rendring
             it
             invisible
             ;
             the
             liquor
             recovers
             a
             fresher
             red
             colour
             than
             it
             had
             ,
             before
             the
             Vitriol
             was
             put
             into
             it
             ,
             because
             the
             same
             spirit
             does
             separate
             the
             parts
             of
             the
             Rose
             which
             were
             dissolved
             in
             the
             liquor
             ,
             and
             renders
             them
             more
             visible
             .
          
           
             The
             volatile
             spirit
             of
             
               Sal
               Armoniack
            
             ,
             which
             is
             an
             alkali
             ,
             does
             partly
             break
             the
             acid
             edges
             of
             the
             
               spirit
               of
               Vitriol
            
             ,
             so
             that
             the
             parts
             of
             the
             Rose
             having
             nothing
             more
             to
             keep
             them
             rarefied
             ,
             do
             close
             together
             ,
             and
             consequently
             the
             liquor
             changes
             colour
             .
          
           
             By
             this
             experiment
             may
             be
             seen
             ,
             that
             the
             dried
             Rose
             may
             serve
             to
             make
             Ink
             with
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             Galls
             ;
             Indian
             wood
             ,
             and
             divers
             other
             things
             will
             do
             the
             same
             .
          
           
             
               Gilla
               Vitrioli
               ,
               or
               Vomitive
               Vitriol
               .
            
             
               This
               operation
               is
               only
               a
               purification
               of
               white
               Vitriol
               .
            
             
               Dissolve
               what
               quantity
               you
               please
               of
               white
               Vitriol
               ,
               in
               as
               much
               
                 Phlegm
                 of
                 Vitriol
              
               ,
               as
               is
               needful
               to
               dissolve
               it
               ;
               filtrate
               the
               dissolution
               ,
               and
               evaporate
               two
               thirds
               of
               the
               moisture
               in
               an
               earthen
               pan
               .
               Put
               the
               rest
               into
               a
               cool
               place
               for
               three
               days
               time
               ,
               there
               will
               shoot
               out
               Crystals
               ,
               which
               you
               must
               separate
               ;
               
               then
               evaporate
               a
               third
               part
               of
               the
               liquor
               that
               remains
               ,
               and
               set
               the
               vessel
               again
               in
               a
               Cellar
               ,
               there
               will
               shoot
               new
               Crystals
               ;
               continue
               thus
               evaporating
               and
               crystallizing
               ,
               until
               you
               have
               gotten
               all
               you
               can
               ;
               dry
               these
               Crystals
               in
               the
               Sun
               ,
               and
               keep
               them
               for
               use
               ;
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               twelve
               grains
               to
               a
               drachm
               ,
               in
               Broth
               ,
               or
               some
               other
               liquor
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 is
                 only
                 a
                 Purification
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 ,
                 that
                 serves
                 to
                 separate
                 a
                 little
                 earth
                 from
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 All
                 the
                 liquor
                 may
                 be
                 evaporated
                 without
                 any
                 Crystallization
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Gilla
                   Vitrioli
                
                 will
                 remain
                 at
                 bottom
                 in
                 a
                 white
                 powder
                 .
              
               
                 
                   White
                   Vitriol
                
                 is
                 used
                 in
                 this
                 operation
                 rather
                 than
                 Green
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 is
                 milder
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 other
                 Vitriols
                 may
                 be
                 purified
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 taking
                 this
                 vomit
                 ,
                 a
                 man
                 sometimes
                 voids
                 by
                 stool
                 a
                 black
                 matter
                 like
                 Ink
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 frequently
                 happens
                 that
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Vitriol
                 descending
                 into
                 the
                 Guts
                 ,
                 meets
                 a
                 saline
                 matter
                 that
                 it
                 joyns
                 with
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 causes
                 a
                 blackness
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 uses
                 to
                 do
                 when
                 Vitriol
                 is
                 mixed
                 with
                 Galls
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Calcination
               of
               Vitriol
               .
            
             
               Put
               what
               quantity
               you
               please
               of
               
                 Green
                 Vitriol
              
               into
               an
               earthen
               pot
               unglazed
               ;
               set
               the
               pot
               over
               the
               fire
               ,
               and
               the
               Vitriol
               will
               dissolve
               into
               water
               ;
               boil
               it
               to
               the
               consumption
               of
               the
               moisture
               ,
               or
               else
               
               until
               the
               matter
               turn
               into
               a
               grayish
               mass
               drawing
               towards
               white
               ;
               this
               is
               called
               
                 Vitriol
                 Calcined
              
               to
               whiteness
               .
               If
               you
               should
               Calcine
               this
               gray
               Vitriol
               a
               good
               while
               over
               a
               strong
               fire
               ,
               it
               would
               turn
               as
               red
               as
               bloud
               .
               It
               is
               called
               Colcothar
               ,
               and
               is
               good
               to
               stop
               bloud
               ,
               being
               applied
               to
               a
               wound
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 must
                 not
                 Calcine
                 the
                 Vitriol
                 in
                 a
                 glazed
                 pot
                 for
                 fear
                 of
                 dissolving
                 the
                 Vernish
                 ,
                 which
                 would
                 change
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 the
                 Vitriol
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 may
                 be
                 Calcined
                 ,
                 or
                 rather
                 dryed
                 in
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 until
                 it
                 becomes
                 white
                 ,
                 this
                 Calcination
                 deserves
                 to
                 be
                 preferr'd
                 before
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 it
                 is
                 longer
                 a
                 doing
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Vitriol
                 may
                 be
                 likewise
                 spread
                 about
                 a
                 Furnace
                 heated
                 a
                 little
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 dried
                 until
                 it
                 turns
                 white
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 should
                 resolve
                 to
                 dry
                 as
                 exactly
                 as
                 you
                 can
                 ,
                 sixteen
                 pounds
                 of
                 green
                 Vitriol
                 ,
                 there
                 would
                 remain
                 but
                 seven
                 pounds
                 of
                 white
                 Vitriol
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 do
                 this
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 powder
                 the
                 white
                 mass
                 of
                 Calcined
                 Vitriol
                 ,
                 after
                 you
                 have
                 broke
                 the
                 pot
                 ,
                 and
                 stir
                 it
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 in
                 an
                 earthen
                 pan
                 ,
                 over
                 a
                 little
                 fire
                 ,
                 until
                 there
                 rises
                 no
                 more
                 fume
                 from
                 it
                 ,
                 or
                 until
                 there
                 remains
                 in
                 it
                 no
                 more
                 phlegm
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 should
                 Calcine
                 this
                 white
                 Vitriol
                 to
                 a
                 redness
                 ,
                 you
                 'd
                 have
                 five
                 pounds
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 of
                 Colcothar
                 .
                 The
                 sulphur
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 is
                 lost
                 during
                 this
                 last
                 Calcination
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 do
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 Chimney
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 fume
                 would
                 be
                 very
                 injurious
                 to
                 the
                 breast
                 .
                 
                 This
                 sulphur
                 has
                 the
                 same
                 smell
                 as
                 ordinary
                 sulphur
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 have
                 writ
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 red
                 colour
                 which
                 appears
                 after
                 a
                 long
                 Calcination
                 of
                 
                   English
                   Vitriol
                
                 ,
                 was
                 an
                 undoubted
                 proof
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 Copper
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 as
                 the
                 red
                 colour
                 which
                 happens
                 to
                 Verdigreese
                 calcined
                 is
                 a
                 certain
                 proof
                 that
                 it
                 contains
                 in
                 it
                 some
                 particles
                 of
                 Copper
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 here
                 said
                 to
                 pass
                 for
                 a
                 thing
                 undeniable
                 ,
                 is
                 no
                 proof
                 at
                 all
                 ;
                 for
                 first
                 of
                 all
                 those
                 Vitriols
                 which
                 are
                 thought
                 most
                 to
                 partake
                 of
                 Copper
                 ,
                 do
                 give
                 no
                 greater
                 redness
                 in
                 their
                 Calcination
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 others
                 which
                 partake
                 the
                 least
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 Secondly
                 let
                 Copper
                 be
                 prepared
                 which
                 way
                 you
                 please
                 ,
                 you
                 can
                 never
                 make
                 it
                 redder
                 than
                 the
                 Colcothar
                 of
                 
                   English
                   Vitriol
                
                 ,
                 whose
                 redness
                 must
                 be
                 thought
                 to
                 proceed
                 from
                 some
                 particles
                 of
                 this
                 metal
                 contained
                 in
                 it
                 .
                 And
                 thirdly
                 ,
                 we
                 see
                 plainly
                 ,
                 that
                 
                   Iron
                   ,
                   Lead
                   ,
                   Mercury
                
                 ,
                 and
                 divers
                 mineral
                 bodies
                 do
                 acquire
                 a
                 red
                 colour
                 in
                 their
                 Calcining
                 ,
                 without
                 containing
                 any
                 Copper
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 
                   Sympathetical
                   powder
                
                 that
                 has
                 made
                 so
                 much
                 noise
                 is
                 nothing
                 but
                 white
                 Vitriol
                 opened
                 ,
                 prepared
                 divers
                 ways
                 according
                 to
                 mens
                 different
                 conceptions
                 about
                 it
                 .
                 The
                 
                   Roman
                   Vitriol
                
                 is
                 better
                 esteemed
                 than
                 the
                 other
                 for
                 this
                 operation
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 common
                 method
                 of
                 preparing
                 this
                 Powder
                 is
                 to
                 expose
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 whilst
                 the
                 Sun
                 is
                 in
                 Leo
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 in
                 July
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 dry
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 open
                 it
                 .
                 And
                 men
                 think
                 that
                 Sign
                 does
                 bestow
                 particular
                 influences
                 on
                 the
                 preparation
                 .
                 Though
                 in
                 truth
                 it
                 undergoes
                 drying
                 better
                 in
                 that
                 season
                 than
                 another
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 heat
                 
                 then
                 of
                 the
                 Sun.
                 And
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Vitriol
                 do
                 become
                 more
                 volatile
                 by
                 this
                 heat
                 ,
                 but
                 for
                 what
                 is
                 said
                 of
                 Influence
                 it
                 is
                 meerly
                 imaginary
                 .
              
               
                 Many
                 do
                 only
                 pulverize
                 the
                 ordinary
                 Vitriol
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 Sympathetical
                 powder
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 you
                 would
                 use
                 this
                 powder
                 ,
                 you
                 are
                 to
                 take
                 the
                 bloud
                 of
                 a
                 wound
                 upon
                 a
                 linnen
                 cloth
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 sprinkle
                 some
                 of
                 it
                 upon
                 the
                 bloud
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 pretended
                 ,
                 that
                 though
                 the
                 bloudy
                 linnen
                 were
                 ten
                 miles
                 off
                 from
                 the
                 Patient
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Sympathetical
                 powder
                 is
                 applied
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 the
                 wound
                 would
                 presently
                 heal
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 experience
                 of
                 several
                 persons
                 who
                 have
                 tried
                 it
                 (
                 and
                 others
                 may
                 do
                 the
                 same
                 )
                 does
                 evince
                 ,
                 that
                 men
                 have
                 had
                 a
                 great
                 faith
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 have
                 talked
                 of
                 the
                 effects
                 of
                 this
                 powder
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 not
                 applied
                 to
                 a
                 cloth
                 newly
                 blouded
                 ,
                 and
                 even
                 in
                 the
                 chamber
                 of
                 the
                 Patient
                 ,
                 you
                 will
                 certainly
                 find
                 no
                 effect
                 from
                 it
                 .
                 Nay
                 where
                 such
                 precautions
                 have
                 been
                 used
                 ,
                 it
                 performs
                 no
                 great
                 matter
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 does
                 nothing
                 at
                 all
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 to
                 explicate
                 the
                 action
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 ,
                 called
                 Sympathy
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 know
                 that
                 there
                 does
                 continually
                 exhale
                 into
                 the
                 air
                 ,
                 little
                 bodies
                 from
                 this
                 mineral
                 salt
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 convince
                 you
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 you
                 need
                 only
                 to
                 put
                 the
                 several
                 Vitriols
                 of
                 different
                 colours
                 pretty
                 near
                 one
                 another
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 place
                 ,
                 you
                 will
                 find
                 after
                 12
                 or
                 15
                 daies
                 that
                 they
                 have
                 all
                 changed
                 colour
                 a
                 little
                 in
                 their
                 superficies
                 .
                 The
                 white
                 will
                 become
                 yellow
                 ,
                 the
                 green
                 whitish
                 ,
                 the
                 blue
                 greenish
                 ,
                 the
                 red
                 grayish
                 .
                 These
                 changes
                 of
                 colour
                 cannot
                 proceed
                 but
                 from
                 little
                 bodies
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 separated
                 from
                 each
                 kind
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 mixing
                 in
                 the
                 air
                 ,
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 them
                 do
                 fall
                 confusedly
                 on
                 the
                 matter
                 .
                 And
                 it
                 must
                 not
                 be
                 said
                 that
                 these
                 changes
                 are
                 caused
                 by
                 the
                 air
                 ,
                 which
                 does
                 open
                 and
                 rarefie
                 these
                 salts
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 you
                 put
                 them
                 into
                 places
                 separate
                 ,
                 or
                 distant
                 from
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 this
                 effect
                 will
                 in
                 no
                 wise
                 happen
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 must
                 also
                 observe
                 that
                 the
                 bloud
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 the
                 Vitriolick
                 powder
                 is
                 applied
                 ,
                 retaining
                 some
                 heat
                 still
                 ,
                 may
                 thereby
                 increase
                 the
                 activity
                 and
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 little
                 bodies
                 which
                 do
                 arise
                 from
                 the
                 Vitriol
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 these
                 Vitriolick
                 bodies
                 dispersing
                 themselves
                 in
                 the
                 air
                 are
                 they
                 that
                 cause
                 all
                 the
                 Sympathy
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 do
                 mix
                 in
                 the
                 wound
                 of
                 the
                 patient
                 ,
                 and
                 because
                 the
                 virtue
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 is
                 to
                 stop
                 the
                 bloud
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 dry
                 it
                 ,
                 you
                 need
                 not
                 wonder
                 if
                 the
                 volatile
                 parts
                 which
                 come
                 from
                 it
                 ,
                 do
                 perform
                 the
                 same
                 effect
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 objected
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 volatile
                 parts
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 have
                 no
                 more
                 determination
                 naturally
                 to
                 go
                 find
                 out
                 the
                 wound
                 of
                 a
                 person
                 ,
                 than
                 other
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 places
                 of
                 the
                 chamber
                 .
                 Nay
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 wound
                 being
                 commonly
                 covered
                 with
                 a
                 plaister
                 ,
                 and
                 somewhat
                 thick
                 bandage
                 ,
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 likely
                 to
                 receive
                 those
                 bodies
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 answer
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 need
                 of
                 giving
                 any
                 other
                 determination
                 to
                 these
                 volatile
                 parts
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 ,
                 than
                 is
                 given
                 to
                 other
                 volatile
                 salts
                 which
                 are
                 dispersed
                 in
                 the
                 air
                 ;
                 but
                 because
                 wounds
                 are
                 always
                 of
                 a
                 glutinous
                 temper
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 easie
                 to
                 conceive
                 that
                 these
                 little
                 bodies
                 will
                 adhere
                 to
                 them
                 in
                 greater
                 quantity
                 than
                 to
                 others
                 ,
                 as
                 any
                 downy
                 substance
                 which
                 flies
                 about
                 a
                 room
                 ,
                 wherein
                 there
                 is
                 Glue
                 ,
                 or
                 Turpentine
                 ,
                 
                 will
                 more
                 easily
                 stick
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 than
                 in
                 other
                 places
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 Bandage
                 and
                 Plaster
                 ,
                 used
                 to
                 wounds
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 know
                 that
                 those
                 who
                 do
                 use
                 the
                 Sympathetical
                 powder
                 ,
                 do
                 apply
                 none
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 it
                 happens
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 very
                 rare
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 mans
                 wound
                 has
                 been
                 cured
                 by
                 this
                 Powder
                 ,
                 although
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 Plaister
                 and
                 bandage
                 also
                 laid
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 this
                 effect
                 can
                 never
                 be
                 attributed
                 to
                 any
                 thing
                 else
                 but
                 the
                 penetration
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 ,
                 for
                 there
                 are
                 wounds
                 that
                 a
                 very
                 little
                 quantity
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 is
                 capable
                 of
                 drying
                 .
              
               
                 Thus
                 I
                 have
                 given
                 you
                 the
                 most
                 rational
                 explication
                 that
                 can
                 be
                 ,
                 of
                 an
                 effect
                 which
                 has
                 hitherto
                 passed
                 for
                 a
                 thing
                 altogether
                 inexplicable
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 conclude
                 ,
                 I
                 would
                 not
                 advise
                 any
                 wounded
                 person
                 to
                 insist
                 or
                 depend
                 too
                 much
                 on
                 a
                 remedy
                 of
                 this
                 nature
                 ;
                 for
                 to
                 one
                 who
                 ever
                 received
                 considerable
                 good
                 ,
                 there
                 's
                 a
                 hundred
                 ,
                 who
                 never
                 perceived
                 any
                 effect
                 from
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 cause
                 of
                 it
                 has
                 been
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 volatile
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Vitriol
                 have
                 hapned
                 to
                 be
                 diverted
                 from
                 the
                 wound
                 by
                 some
                 wind
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 because
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 people
                 have
                 their
                 bloud
                 too
                 subtile
                 ,
                 and
                 too
                 active
                 to
                 be
                 fixed
                 by
                 so
                 little
                 a
                 quantity
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 .
              
               
                 Nevertheless
                 those
                 whose
                 heads
                 are
                 filled
                 with
                 the
                 Sympathetical
                 Powder
                 do
                 speak
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 of
                 a
                 never
                 failing
                 medicine
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 a
                 man
                 offers
                 to
                 convince
                 them
                 by
                 an
                 experiment
                 to
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 hard
                 to
                 do
                 ,
                 they
                 presently
                 cry
                 out
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 reason
                 it
                 fails
                 is
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 is
                 ill
                 prepared
                 ;
                 but
                 it
                 is
                 easie
                 to
                 convince
                 them
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 desire
                 a
                 serious
                 satisfaction
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 powder
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 preparation
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 so
                 much
                 magnifie
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 be
                 
                 successful
                 in
                 one
                 ,
                 will
                 be
                 found
                 to
                 fail
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 others
                 .
              
               
                 Many
                 Authors
                 have
                 also
                 written
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 falshoods
                 in
                 defence
                 of
                 the
                 Sympathy
                 ,
                 as
                 for
                 example
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 the
                 urine
                 of
                 an
                 Infant
                 were
                 cast
                 into
                 the
                 fire
                 so
                 soon
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 made
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 cause
                 a
                 heat
                 of
                 urine
                 :
                 that
                 if
                 the
                 excrements
                 of
                 an
                 animal
                 were
                 thrown
                 into
                 the
                 fire
                 ,
                 or
                 among
                 Nettles
                 ,
                 there
                 would
                 be
                 an
                 Inflammation
                 in
                 the
                 guts
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 creature
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 the
                 like
                 stories
                 ,
                 which
                 a
                 thousand
                 experiments
                 will
                 prove
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 true
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Distillation
               of
               Vitriol
               .
            
             
               This
               Spirit
               is
               an
               acid
               salt
               of
               Vitriol
               ,
               dissolved
               into
               a
               liquor
               ,
               by
               a
               great
               fire
               .
            
             
               Fill
               two
               thirds
               of
               a
               large
               earthen
               Retort
               ,
               or
               glass
               one
               luted
               ,
               with
               
                 Vitriol
                 Calcined
              
               to
               whiteness
               ;
               place
               it
               in
               a
               close
               Reverberatory
               furnace
               ,
               and
               fitting
               to
               it
               a
               great
               Balon
               or
               Receiver
               ,
               give
               a
               very
               small
               fire
               to
               warm
               the
               Retort
               ,
               and
               make
               the
               water
               come
               forth
               that
               might
               still
               remain
               in
               the
               Vitriol
               ;
               and
               when
               there
               will
               distil
               no
               more
               ,
               pour
               the
               water
               out
               of
               the
               Receiver
               into
               a
               Bottle
               ,
               this
               is
               called
               
                 Phlegm
                 of
                 Vitriol
              
               ;
               it
               is
               used
               in
               Inflammations
               of
               the
               eyes
               to
               wash
               them
               with
               :
               refit
               the
               Receiver
               to
               the
               neck
               of
               the
               Retort
               ,
               and
               luting
               the
               junctures
               exactly
               ,
               encrease
               the
               fire
               by
               degrees
               ,
               and
               when
               you
               perceive
               Clouds
               to
               come
               forth
               into
               the
               Receiver
               ,
               continue
               it
               in
               the
               same
               condition
               ,
               until
               the
               Receiver
               grows
               cold
               ;
               then
               strengthen
               the
               fire
               with
               wood
               to
               an
               extream
               violence
               ,
               until
               the
               flame
               rises
               through
               the
               Tunnel
               of
               the
               Reverberatory
               as
               
               big
               as
               ones
               arm
               .
               The
               Receiver
               will
               fill
               again
               with
               white
               Clouds
               ;
               continue
               the
               fire
               after
               this
               manner
               for
               three
               days
               ,
               and
               so
               many
               nights
               ,
               then
               put
               it
               out
               :
               unlute
               the
               junctures
               when
               the
               vessels
               are
               cold
               ,
               and
               pour
               the
               Spirit
               into
               a
               glass
               body
               ,
               set
               it
               in
               sand
               ,
               and
               fit
               to
               it
               quickly
               a
               Head
               with
               its
               Receiver
               ;
               lute
               the
               junctures
               close
               with
               a
               wet
               Bladder
               ,
               and
               distil
               with
               a
               very
               gentle
               fire
               ,
               about
               four
               ounces
               of
               it
               ,
               this
               is
               the
               
                 Sulphureous
                 spirit
                 of
                 Vitriol
              
               ,
               keep
               it
               in
               a
               viol
               well
               stopt
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               good
               for
               the
               Asthma
               ,
               Palsie
               ,
               and
               diseases
               of
               the
               Lungs
               ,
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               four
               drops
               to
               ten
               in
               some
               convenient
               liquor
               .
            
             
               Change
               the
               Receiver
               ,
               and
               augmenting
               the
               fire
               ,
               distil
               about
               half
               the
               liquor
               that
               remains
               in
               the
               body
               :
               this
               is
               called
               the
               
                 Acid
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Vitriol
              
               ,
               it
               is
               mixed
               in
               Juleps
               to
               an
               agreeable
               acidity
               .
            
             
               That
               which
               remains
               in
               the
               body
               is
               the
               most
               acid
               part
               of
               the
               Vitriol
               ,
               and
               is
               improperly
               called
               Oil.
               It
               may
               be
               used
               like
               the
               
                 acid
                 Spirit
              
               ,
               for
               continued
               Feavers
               ,
               and
               other
               distempers
               that
               are
               accompanied
               with
               a
               violent
               heat
               .
               This
               Oil
               is
               likewise
               used
               for
               the
               dissolution
               of
               metals
               .
            
             
               You
               'l
               find
               in
               the
               Retort
               a
               Colcothar
               which
               hath
               the
               same
               virtues
               with
               that
               I
               spoke
               of
               before
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 make
                 the
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Vitriol
                
                 you
                 must
                 take
                 
                   green
                   English
                   Vitriol
                
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 being
                 rubbed
                 upon
                 Iron
                 doth
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 change
                 colour
                 ,
                 which
                 shews
                 it
                 doth
                 not
                 partake
                 of
                 Copper
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 German
                 does
                 ,
                 that
                 looks
                 a
                 little
                 blueish
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 more
                 acrimonious
                 .
                 
                 You
                 must
                 Calcine
                 it
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 said
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 it
                 being
                 deprived
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 its
                 Phlegm
                 ,
                 the
                 distillation
                 may
                 be
                 dispatched
                 the
                 sooner
                 .
                 A
                 third
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Retort
                 is
                 left
                 empty
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Spirits
                 may
                 have
                 room
                 to
                 rarefie
                 in
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 come
                 forth
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 distils
                 also
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 Phlegm
                 into
                 the
                 Receiver
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 of
                 it
                 is
                 known
                 to
                 have
                 come
                 ,
                 when
                 there
                 drops
                 no
                 more
                 .
                 Those
                 who
                 don't
                 care
                 for
                 the
                 
                   sulphurcous
                   spirit
                
                 ,
                 do
                 let
                 it
                 come
                 forth
                 ,
                 and
                 mix
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 Phlegm
                 ,
                 before
                 the
                 junctures
                 are
                 luted
                 ;
                 but
                 you
                 must
                 be
                 sure
                 to
                 govern
                 the
                 fire
                 discreetly
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 ;
                 for
                 these
                 Spirits
                 come
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 violence
                 ,
                 and
                 use
                 to
                 break
                 the
                 Retort
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 driven
                 too
                 furiously
                 .
                 When
                 they
                 are
                 out
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 augment
                 the
                 fire
                 to
                 the
                 last
                 degree
                 of
                 all
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 acid
                 Spirit
                 will
                 not
                 part
                 with
                 its
                 earth
                 ,
                 until
                 it
                 is
                 forced
                 by
                 an
                 extraordinary
                 heat
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 distil
                 eight
                 pounds
                 of
                 
                   white
                   Vitriol
                
                 ,
                 at
                 sixteen
                 ounces
                 to
                 the
                 pound
                 ,
                 you
                 'l
                 draw
                 off
                 seventeen
                 ounces
                 of
                 Phlegm
                 ,
                 and
                 two
                 and
                 twenty
                 ounces
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 ,
                 both
                 of
                 the
                 Sulphureous
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Acid
                 
                   spirit
                   of
                   Vitriol
                
                 .
                 Of
                 these
                 two
                 and
                 twenty
                 ounces
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 ,
                 there
                 will
                 be
                 five
                 ounces
                 of
                 Sulphureous
                 spirit
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 'l
                 find
                 in
                 the
                 Retort
                 five
                 pounds
                 ,
                 five
                 ounces
                 of
                 Colcothar
                 .
              
               
                 Use
                 all
                 the
                 care
                 you
                 can
                 possible
                 to
                 preserve
                 all
                 the
                 liquors
                 which
                 come
                 from
                 Vitriol
                 ,
                 yet
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 impossible
                 for
                 you
                 to
                 hinder
                 it
                 from
                 losing
                 some
                 through
                 the
                 junctures
                 ,
                 during
                 the
                 distillation
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 should
                 use
                 German
                 instead
                 of
                 
                   English
                   Vitriol
                
                 ,
                 you
                 'd
                 draw
                 off
                 a
                 little
                 more
                 spirit
                 than
                 the
                 
                 quantity
                 I
                 have
                 named
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 would
                 have
                 some
                 smell
                 of
                 
                   Aqua
                   fortis
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 matter
                 which
                 remains
                 in
                 the
                 Retort
                 would
                 be
                 of
                 a
                 brown
                 colour
                 drawing
                 towards
                 black
                 .
                 This
                 colour
                 proceeds
                 from
                 sulphureous
                 Fuliginosities
                 which
                 rise
                 more
                 from
                 this
                 Vitriol
                 than
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 partakes
                 of
                 Copper
                 ;
                 for
                 this
                 Sooty
                 vapour
                 finding
                 no
                 vent
                 to
                 get
                 out
                 at
                 ,
                 falls
                 down
                 again
                 upon
                 the
                 matter
                 and
                 blackens
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Furnace
                 in
                 which
                 this
                 operation
                 is
                 performed
                 ,
                 must
                 be
                 very
                 thick
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 fire
                 being
                 none
                 of
                 it
                 lost
                 through
                 the
                 Pores
                 ,
                 may
                 the
                 better
                 act
                 upon
                 the
                 Retort
                 .
                 These
                 Spirits
                 do
                 rarefie
                 into
                 white
                 vapours
                 in
                 the
                 Receiver
                 ,
                 which
                 must
                 be
                 provided
                 large
                 enough
                 ,
                 to
                 give
                 them
                 free
                 liberty
                 to
                 circulate
                 in
                 ,
                 before
                 they
                 condense
                 into
                 a
                 liquor
                 at
                 bottom
                 .
                 The
                 fire
                 is
                 usually
                 continued
                 four
                 or
                 five
                 days
                 together
                 ,
                 but
                 if
                 after
                 that
                 ,
                 you
                 should
                 change
                 the
                 Receiver
                 ,
                 and
                 continue
                 the
                 fire
                 three
                 or
                 four
                 days
                 longer
                 ,
                 there
                 would
                 come
                 forth
                 an
                 
                   Oil
                   of
                   Vitriol
                
                 congealed
                 ,
                 and
                 caustick
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 nothing
                 but
                 the
                 more
                 fixt
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Sprit
                   of
                   Vitriol
                
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 Congelation
                 hath
                 given
                 this
                 liquor
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 
                   Oil
                   of
                   Vitriol
                
                 ,
                 though
                 improperly
                 .
              
               
                 Vitriol
                 contains
                 earth
                 enough
                 ,
                 wherefore
                 none
                 is
                 added
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 necessarily
                 done
                 in
                 the
                 distillation
                 of
                 Niter
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Acid
                   Spirits
                
                 are
                 Salts
                 become
                 fluid
                 by
                 the
                 force
                 of
                 fire
                 ,
                 which
                 hath
                 disingaged
                 them
                 from
                 their
                 more
                 terrestrious
                 part
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 revived
                 again
                 by
                 pouring
                 them
                 upon
                 some
                 Alkali
                 ;
                 for
                 example
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Vitriol
                
                 remaining
                 some
                 time
                 upon
                 Iron
                 ,
                 doth
                 reincorporate
                 into
                 Vitriol
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 ,
                 poured
                 upon
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 makes
                 a
                 Salt-peter
                 .
              
               
               
                 There
                 is
                 one
                 thing
                 happens
                 about
                 the
                 
                   Oil
                   of
                   Vitriol
                
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 very
                 strong
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 strange
                 indeed
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 you
                 mix
                 it
                 with
                 its
                 
                   Acid
                   Spirit
                
                 ,
                 or
                 with
                 water
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 with
                 an
                 
                   Ethereal
                   Oil
                
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 the
                 
                   Oil
                   of
                   Turpentine
                
                 ,
                 this
                 mixture
                 grows
                 hot
                 to
                 that
                 degree
                 ,
                 that
                 sometimes
                 it
                 breaks
                 the
                 Viol
                 it
                 was
                 put
                 into
                 ,
                 and
                 often
                 it
                 produces
                 a
                 considerable
                 Ebullition
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 could
                 quickly
                 give
                 an
                 account
                 of
                 this
                 heat
                 and
                 Ebullition
                 ,
                 if
                 I
                 would
                 suppose
                 an
                 Alkali
                 to
                 be
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Oil
                   of
                   Vitriol
                
                 ,
                 as
                 those
                 do
                 who
                 pretend
                 to
                 explicate
                 every
                 thing
                 that
                 happens
                 by
                 the
                 notions
                 of
                 acid
                 and
                 alkali
                 ;
                 but
                 not
                 comprehending
                 how
                 an
                 alkali
                 should
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 remain
                 so
                 long
                 a
                 time
                 with
                 so
                 strong
                 an
                 acid
                 as
                 is
                 the
                 
                   Oil
                   of
                   Vitriol
                
                 without
                 being
                 destroyed
                 ,
                 I
                 had
                 rather
                 give
                 a
                 reason
                 that
                 seems
                 to
                 me
                 abundantly
                 more
                 probable
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 conceive
                 therefore
                 that
                 if
                 water
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Vitriol
                
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 
                   Ethereal
                   Oil
                   of
                   Turpentine
                
                 do
                 come
                 to
                 heat
                 the
                 
                   Oil
                   of
                   Vitriol
                
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 by
                 setting
                 in
                 motion
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 fiery
                 particles
                 which
                 the
                 
                   Oil
                   of
                   Vitriol
                
                 had
                 drawn
                 with
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 distillation
                 ;
                 for
                 these
                 little
                 fiery
                 bodies
                 being
                 environ'd
                 with
                 salts
                 that
                 are
                 exceeding
                 heavy
                 ,
                 and
                 hard
                 to
                 rarefie
                 ,
                 they
                 drive
                 about
                 with
                 vehemence
                 whatsoever
                 stands
                 in
                 their
                 way
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 they
                 have
                 caused
                 an
                 Ebullition
                 ,
                 and
                 find
                 they
                 can't
                 get
                 out
                 at
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 Viol
                 ,
                 they
                 break
                 it
                 to
                 pieces
                 with
                 the
                 bussle
                 they
                 make
                 at
                 bottom
                 ,
                 and
                 on
                 the
                 sides
                 .
              
               
                 Perhaps
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 said
                 ,
                 I
                 do
                 here
                 suppose
                 gratis
                 that
                 the
                 
                   Oil
                   of
                   Vitriol
                
                 does
                 contain
                 fiery
                 particles
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 we
                 consider
                 the
                 great
                 violence
                 of
                 fire
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 time
                 that
                 is
                 spent
                 in
                 drawing
                 this
                 acid
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 no
                 such
                 hard
                 matter
                 to
                 grant
                 me
                 this
                 supposition
                 .
                 
                 Besides
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 hard
                 to
                 explicate
                 the
                 great
                 and
                 burning
                 Corrosion
                 of
                 
                   Oil
                   of
                   Vitriol
                
                 without
                 admitting
                 these
                 fiery
                 parts
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Vitriol
                 contains
                 nothing
                 in
                 it self
                 of
                 this
                 Caustick
                 nature
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 true
                 indeed
                 that
                 it
                 contains
                 
                   Phlegm
                   ,
                   Sulphur
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Earth
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 thing
                 impossible
                 but
                 this
                 acid
                 should
                 discover
                 it self
                 more
                 than
                 it
                 does
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 were
                 as
                 Corrosive
                 in
                 the
                 Vitriol
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 Oil.
                 
              
               
                 Once
                 it
                 hapned
                 to
                 me
                 ,
                 that
                 putting
                 into
                 my
                 Furnace
                 a
                 Retort
                 whose
                 two
                 thirds
                 were
                 filled
                 with
                 
                   German
                   Vitriol
                
                 dried
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 draw
                 off
                 its
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 I
                 distilled
                 first
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Phlegm
                 ,
                 and
                 sulphureous
                 spirit
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 took
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Receiver
                 ;
                 I
                 then
                 fitted
                 it
                 again
                 to
                 the
                 Retort
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 a
                 great
                 fire
                 continued
                 three
                 days
                 and
                 three
                 nights
                 ,
                 I
                 distilled
                 off
                 the
                 acid
                 Spirit
                 as
                 we
                 are
                 used
                 to
                 do
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 vessels
                 were
                 cold
                 ,
                 I
                 admired
                 to
                 find
                 in
                 my
                 Receiver
                 nothing
                 but
                 a
                 mass
                 of
                 Salt
                 ,
                 or
                 Congealed
                 
                   Oil
                   of
                   Vitriol
                
                 .
                 This
                 Salt
                 was
                 so
                 exceeding
                 Caustick
                 and
                 burning
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 I
                 offer'd
                 to
                 touch
                 the
                 smallest
                 part
                 of
                 it
                 with
                 my
                 finger
                 ,
                 I
                 presently
                 felt
                 an
                 insufferable
                 scalding
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 fain
                 to
                 put
                 my
                 hand
                 immediately
                 into
                 water
                 ,
                 it
                 continued
                 to
                 fume
                 still
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 a
                 little
                 of
                 it
                 was
                 thrown
                 into
                 water
                 ,
                 it
                 made
                 the
                 same
                 hissing
                 noise
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 fire-coal
                 flung
                 into
                 water
                 would
                 do
                 .
                 Besides
                 it
                 heated
                 the
                 water
                 very
                 much
                 ,
                 and
                 much
                 more
                 than
                 common
                 
                   Oil
                   of
                   Vitriol
                
                 could
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 kept
                 this
                 congealed
                 Spirit
                 about
                 six
                 months
                 ,
                 after
                 which
                 time
                 it
                 dissolved
                 into
                 a
                 liquor
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 used
                 as
                 
                   Oil
                   of
                   Vitriol
                
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 was
                 in
                 effect
                 the
                 same
                 thing
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 in
                 my
                 opinion
                 this
                 operation
                 does
                 sufficiently
                 evince
                 ,
                 that
                 
                   Oil
                   of
                   Vitriol
                
                 contains
                 fiery
                 parts
                 .
              
               
               
                 It
                 hapned
                 to
                 me
                 another
                 time
                 ,
                 that
                 having
                 rectified
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 ,
                 to
                 separate
                 it
                 from
                 its
                 Oil
                 by
                 an
                 Alembick
                 ,
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 distilled
                 Spirit
                 was
                 turned
                 into
                 fair
                 and
                 transparent
                 Crystals
                 in
                 the
                 bolt-head
                 ,
                 or
                 Receiver
                 ,
                 which
                 Crystals
                 had
                 the
                 same
                 acrimony
                 ,
                 and
                 strength
                 with
                 the
                 mass
                 I
                 now
                 spoke
                 of
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 pour
                 some
                 drops
                 of
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   Oil
                   of
                   Vitriol
                
                 into
                 a
                 quart
                 of
                 hot
                 water
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 you
                 shall
                 infuse
                 a
                 pugil
                 of
                 dried
                 red
                 Roses
                 ,
                 the
                 liquor
                 will
                 in
                 a
                 little
                 time
                 become
                 as
                 red
                 as
                 Claret
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 effect
                 must
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 be
                 attributed
                 to
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Vitriol's
                 sharpning
                 the
                 water
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 thereby
                 drawing
                 out
                 the
                 Tincture
                 of
                 Roses
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 this
                 that
                 the
                 acid
                 Spirit
                 does
                 rarefie
                 and
                 separate
                 the
                 particles
                 of
                 the
                 Rose
                 (
                 which
                 the
                 water
                 had
                 dissolved
                 )
                 and
                 made
                 to
                 appear
                 better
                 than
                 before
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 you
                 strain
                 the
                 Infusion
                 ,
                 and
                 separate
                 the
                 Roses
                 ,
                 before
                 you
                 pour
                 to
                 it
                 your
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 ,
                 although
                 the
                 liquor
                 so
                 strained
                 be
                 yet
                 but
                 little
                 raised
                 in
                 colour
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 nevertheless
                 turn
                 to
                 as
                 high
                 a
                 red
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Spirit
                 is
                 dropt
                 into
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 the
                 Roses
                 remained
                 still
                 in
                 the
                 liquor
                 .
                 We
                 must
                 say
                 the
                 same
                 thing
                 of
                 other
                 Tinctures
                 that
                 are
                 drawn
                 by
                 acids
                 ,
                 as
                 also
                 of
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 made
                 by
                 an
                 Alkali
                 salt
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 fill
                 a
                 glass
                 Viol
                 with
                 the
                 decoction
                 of
                 
                   Nephritick
                   wood
                
                 clarified
                 ,
                 and
                 look
                 on
                 it
                 ,
                 turning
                 toward
                 the
                 light
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 appear
                 yellow
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 you
                 turn
                 your
                 back
                 to
                 the
                 light
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 appear
                 blue
                 ;
                 if
                 you
                 mix
                 with
                 it
                 some
                 drops
                 of
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Vitriol
                
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 appear
                 yellow
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 ,
                 but
                 if
                 you
                 again
                 add
                 about
                 as
                 much
                 more
                 
                   Oil
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 return
                 unto
                 its
                 first
                 colour
                 .
              
               
               
                 If
                 you
                 take
                 a
                 Blue
                 ,
                 or
                 Violet
                 tincture
                 made
                 in
                 water
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 is
                 drawn
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Sun-flower
                 ,
                 or
                 Violet
                 flowers
                 ,
                 and
                 pour
                 upon
                 it
                 some
                 drops
                 of
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Vitriol
                
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 presently
                 turn
                 red
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 you
                 throw
                 into
                 it
                 some
                 Alkali
                 salt
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 recover
                 again
                 its
                 former
                 colour
                 .
              
               
                 On
                 the
                 contrary
                 if
                 you
                 pour
                 an
                 Alkali
                 liquor
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 volatile
                 Spirit
                 of
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 
                   Oil
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 blue
                 Tincture
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 presently
                 turn
                 green
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 you
                 again
                 pour
                 upon
                 it
                 a
                 little
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Vitriol
                
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 change
                 this
                 colour
                 into
                 an
                 obscure
                 red
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 decoction
                 of
                 
                   Indian
                   wood
                
                 is
                 very
                 red
                 :
                 if
                 you
                 drop
                 into
                 it
                 a
                 little
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Vitriol
                
                 it
                 will
                 turn
                 yellow
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 you
                 still
                 add
                 some
                 volatile
                 Spirit
                 of
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 it
                 will
                 become
                 black
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 infuse
                 three
                 or
                 four
                 hours
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 
                   Indian
                   wood
                
                 in
                 some
                 clear
                 juice
                 of
                 Citron
                 ,
                 and
                 take
                 out
                 your
                 wood
                 ,
                 the
                 liquor
                 will
                 have
                 received
                 no
                 alteration
                 of
                 colour
                 ,
                 but
                 if
                 you
                 add
                 to
                 it
                 some
                 drops
                 of
                 
                   Oil
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 made
                 
                   per
                   deliquium
                
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 take
                 a
                 brown
                 colour
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 you
                 add
                 to
                 it
                 a
                 little
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Vitriol
                
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 resume
                 its
                 colour
                 again
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 pour
                 some
                 drops
                 of
                 
                   Oil
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 upon
                 Claret
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 become
                 greenish
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 you
                 add
                 to
                 it
                 a
                 little
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Vitriol
                
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 return
                 to
                 its
                 former
                 colour
                 .
              
               
                 All
                 these
                 changes
                 of
                 colour
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 acids
                 ,
                 and
                 Alkali's
                 do
                 make
                 ,
                 proceed
                 only
                 from
                 the
                 different
                 position
                 of
                 bodies
                 dissolved
                 in
                 the
                 liquor
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 its
                 disposition
                 to
                 modifie
                 the
                 light
                 different
                 ways
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               Styptick
               Water
               .
            
             
               This
               water
               is
               a
               solution
               of
               Vitriol
               and
               other
               ingredients
               ,
               to
               stop
               bleedings
               .
            
             
               Take
               Colcothar
               ,
               or
               the
               red
               Vitriol
               that
               remains
               in
               the
               Retort
               after
               the
               spirit
               is
               drawn
               out
               ,
               Burnt-alom
               ,
               and
               Sugar-candy
               ,
               of
               each
               half
               a
               drachm
               ,
               the
               Urine
               of
               a
               young
               person
               ,
               and
               Rose-water
               ,
               of
               each
               half
               an
               ounce
               ,
               Plantain-water
               two
               ounces
               ,
               stir
               them
               all
               together
               a
               good
               while
               in
               a
               mortar
               ,
               then
               pour
               the
               mixture
               into
               a
               Viol
               ,
               and
               when
               you
               use
               it
               ,
               separate
               it
               by
               Inclination
               .
            
             
               If
               you
               apply
               a
               Bolster
               dipt
               in
               this
               water
               to
               an
               opened
               Artery
               ,
               and
               hold
               your
               hand
               a
               while
               upon
               it
               ,
               it
               stops
               the
               bloud
               .
               In
               like
               manner
               you
               may
               wet
               a
               little
               Pledget
               in
               it
               ,
               and
               thrust
               it
               into
               the
               Nose
               ,
               when
               an
               Hemorrhage
               continues
               too
               long
               ;
               taken
               inwardly
               ,
               it
               cures
               spitting
               of
               bloud
               ,
               bloudy
               flux
               ,
               and
               the
               immoderate
               flux
               of
               the
               Hemorrhoids
               ,
               or
               Terms
               ,
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               half
               a
               drachm
               to
               two
               drachms
               in
               Knot-grass
               water
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 bloud
                 gushes
                 forth
                 too
                 fast
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 redouble
                 the
                 first
                 Bolster
                 ,
                 that
                 was
                 put
                 upon
                 the
                 wound
                 ,
                 and
                 assist
                 it
                 a
                 little
                 with
                 your
                 fingers
                 for
                 half
                 an
                 hour
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Basis
                 of
                 this
                 water
                 is
                 Colcothar
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 used
                 this
                 water
                 with
                 good
                 success
                 upon
                 several
                 occasions
                 ,
                 I
                 was
                 willing
                 to
                 insert
                 it
                 in
                 this
                 
                 Book
                 ,
                 and
                 I
                 believe
                 if
                 any
                 body
                 please
                 to
                 experiment
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 done
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 easily
                 acknowledge
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 an
                 excellent
                 Remedy
                 in
                 many
                 Distempers
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Lapis
               Medicamentosus
               .
            
             
               Powder
               and
               mix
               together
               Colcothar
               ,
               or
               the
               red
               Vitriol
               ,
               that
               remains
               in
               the
               Retort
               after
               distillation
               ,
               or
               in
               want
               of
               it
               Vitriol
               Calcined
               to
               a
               redness
               two
               ounces
               ,
               
                 Litharge
                 ,
                 Alom
              
               ,
               and
               Bole-Armenick
               ,
               of
               each
               four
               ounces
               ;
               put
               this
               mixture
               into
               a
               glazed
               pot
               ,
               and
               pour
               upon
               it
               good
               Vinegar
               enough
               to
               cover
               the
               matter
               two
               fingers
               high
               ;
               cover
               the
               pot
               and
               leave
               it
               two
               days
               in
               digestion
               ,
               then
               add
               to
               it
               eight
               ounces
               of
               Niter
               ,
               two
               ounces
               of
               
                 Sal
                 Armoniack
              
               ;
               set
               the
               pot
               over
               the
               fire
               ,
               and
               evaporate
               all
               the
               moisture
               ,
               Calcine
               the
               mass
               that
               remains
               ,
               about
               half
               an
               hour
               in
               a
               strong
               fire
               ,
               and
               keep
               it
               for
               use
               .
               It
               is
               a
               good
               Remedy
               to
               stop
               Gonorrheas
               ,
               a
               drachm
               of
               it
               is
               dissolved
               in
               eight
               ounces
               of
               Plantain
               water
               ,
               or
               Smith's
               water
               ,
               to
               make
               an
               Injection
               into
               the
               Yard
               ;
               it
               is
               likewise
               good
               to
               cleanse
               the
               eyes
               in
               the
               small
               pox
               ,
               seven
               or
               eight
               grains
               of
               it
               must
               be
               dissolved
               in
               four
               ounces
               of
               Plantain
               or
               eye-bright
               water
               ;
               it
               is
               also
               good
               to
               stop
               bloud
               ,
               applied
               outwardly
               to
               a
               wound
               .
               It
               may
               be
               dissolved
               in
               Knot-grass
               water
               ,
               and
               will
               go
               near
               to
               have
               the
               same
               effects
               as
               the
               
                 styptick
                 water
              
               .
            
             
               
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 stone
                 is
                 called
                 Medicamentosus
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 excellence
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 good
                 effects
                 it
                 produces
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Colcothar
                 ,
                 that
                 remains
                 in
                 the
                 Retort
                 after
                 the
                 distillation
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 ,
                 must
                 be
                 better
                 than
                 the
                 others
                 for
                 this
                 Operation
                 ;
                 because
                 being
                 deprived
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 its
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 more
                 Astringent
                 .
              
               
                 Litharge
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 
                   Lead
                   Calcined
                   ,
                   Alom
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Bole-Armenick
                 ,
                 are
                 so
                 many
                 considerable
                 Astringents
                 ,
                 that
                 do
                 no
                 hurt
                 in
                 this
                 composition
                 .
              
               
                 Vinegar
                 is
                 put
                 in
                 to
                 incorporate
                 the
                 ingredients
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 them
                 a
                 Fermenting
                 ,
                 after
                 which
                 the
                 Niter
                 and
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 do
                 easily
                 mix
                 among
                 the
                 rest
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Calcination
                 which
                 is
                 given
                 to
                 it
                 at
                 the
                 end
                 ,
                 is
                 done
                 to
                 carry
                 off
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 acid
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 augment
                 the
                 Astriction
                 :
                 It
                 likewise
                 fixes
                 the
                 stone
                 the
                 more
                 ,
                 and
                 makes
                 it
                 fitter
                 to
                 keep
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 Remedies
                 I
                 ever
                 met
                 with
                 ,
                 for
                 stopping
                 Gonorrheas
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 proper
                 time
                 to
                 stop
                 them
                 by
                 Injections
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Salt
               of
               Vitriol
               .
            
             
               This
               Operation
               is
               the
               more
               fixed
               
                 Salt
                 of
                 Vitriol
              
               ,
               that
               remains
               after
               distillation
               .
            
             
               Take
               two
               or
               three
               pounds
               of
               the
               Colcothar
               ,
               that
               remains
               in
               the
               Retort
               after
               distillation
               of
               Vitriol
               ,
               
               let
               it
               infuse
               in
               eight
               or
               ten
               pints
               of
               warm
               water
               for
               ten
               or
               twelve
               hours
               ;
               boil
               it
               a
               little
               while
               ,
               and
               then
               let
               it
               settle
               ;
               separate
               the
               water
               by
               Inclination
               ,
               and
               pour
               new
               water
               upon
               the
               matter
               ;
               proceed
               as
               before
               ,
               and
               mixing
               your
               Impregnations
               ,
               evaporate
               all
               the
               moisture
               in
               a
               sand-heat
               in
               a
               glass
               or
               earthen
               vessel
               ,
               there
               will
               remain
               a
               salt
               at
               bottom
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               used
               as
               the
               
                 Gilla
                 Vitrioli
              
               ,
               to
               give
               a
               Vomit
               ;
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               ten
               to
               thirty
               grains
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 salt
                 is
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Vitriol
                 that
                 the
                 fire
                 is
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 rarefie
                 into
                 Spirit
                 .
                 Some
                 Authors
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 Vomits
                 just
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 ,
                 as
                 
                   Gilla
                   Vitrioli
                
                 ,
                 taken
                 in
                 a
                 smaller
                 dose
                 ,
                 but
                 I
                 have
                 observed
                 that
                 its
                 effect
                 was
                 much
                 less
                 ,
                 and
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 there
                 was
                 need
                 of
                 giving
                 it
                 in
                 a
                 larger
                 dose
                 than
                 the
                 Gilla
                 ,
                 to
                 procure
                 a
                 Vomit
                 ;
                 for
                 having
                 given
                 of
                 it
                 several
                 times
                 a
                 drachm
                 at
                 a
                 dose
                 ,
                 the
                 person
                 had
                 no
                 Inclination
                 at
                 all
                 to
                 Vomit
                 ;
                 and
                 truly
                 I
                 am
                 apt
                 to
                 believe
                 that
                 a
                 fixt
                 salt
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 divested
                 of
                 its
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 doth
                 rather
                 tend
                 to
                 precipitate
                 downwards
                 than
                 mount
                 upwards
                 ;
                 for
                 Vomiting
                 is
                 caused
                 by
                 Saline
                 Sulphurs
                 ,
                 which
                 prick
                 the
                 Fibers
                 of
                 the
                 Stomach
                 ,
                 whence
                 follows
                 a
                 Convulsion
                 to
                 this
                 part
                 .
              
               
                 That
                 which
                 remains
                 indissoluble
                 is
                 called
                 
                   Caput
                   Mortuum
                
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 used
                 for
                 Astringents
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 expose
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 Air
                 for
                 a
                 year
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 year
                 and
                 half
                 ,
                 it
                 returns
                 into
                 Vitriol
                 again
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             XIX
             .
             
               Of
               Roche-Alom
               ,
               and
               of
               its
               Purification
               .
            
          
           
             ROche-Alom
             is
             a
             very
             Styptick
             Mineral
             Salt
             ,
             found
             in
             the
             veins
             of
             the
             earth
             in
             many
             places
             of
             Europe
             ;
             it
             is
             taken
             up
             in
             great
             transparent
             pieces
             ,
             the
             best
             is
             that
             which
             is
             reddish
             ,
             for
             the
             white
             contains
             fewer
             Spirits
             .
          
           
             Alom
             is
             purified
             after
             the
             same
             manner
             as
             Vitriol
             ;
             it
             is
             used
             to
             cleanse
             the
             teeth
             ;
             it
             is
             a
             good
             Diuretick
             ;
             a
             drachm
             of
             it
             is
             dissolved
             in
             a
             quart
             of
             water
             ,
             and
             a
             glass
             of
             it
             is
             given
             now
             and
             then
             .
          
           
             Many
             things
             are
             likewise
             called
             by
             the
             name
             of
             Alom
             ,
             as
             the
             Saccharinum
             ,
             which
             resembles
             Sugar
             ,
             it
             is
             nothing
             but
             a
             mixture
             of
             
               Roche-Alom
               ,
               Rose-water
            
             ,
             and
             the
             white
             of
             an
             Egg.
             Plume-Alom
             ,
             which
             some
             call
             
               Lapis
               Amianthus
            
             ,
             is
             a
             kind
             of
             Talk.
             
          
           
             
               Distillation
               of
               Alom
               .
            
             
               Put
               five
               pounds
               of
               Roche-Alom
               into
               a
               glass
               or
               earthen
               body
               ,
               and
               fitting
               to
               it
               a
               head
               with
               its
               Receiver
               ,
               distil
               in
               sand
               as
               much
               as
               will
               rise
               ,
               you
               will
               have
               a
               
                 Phlegm
                 of
                 Alom
              
               that
               is
               used
               for
               distempers
               of
               the
               eyes
               ,
               for
               Quinsies
               ,
               and
               to
               cleanse
               wounds
               :
               unlute
               the
               vessels
               ,
               break
               the
               body
               ,
               and
               powder
               the
               white
               mass
               that
               remains
               in
               it
               ,
               put
               it
               
               into
               an
               earthen
               Retort
               half
               empty
               ;
               place
               your
               Retort
               in
               a
               Reverberatory
               furnace
               ,
               and
               fitting
               to
               it
               a
               large
               Receiver
               ,
               lute
               the
               junctures
               close
               ,
               and
               light
               a
               very
               small
               fire
               the
               first
               three
               hours
               only
               to
               warm
               the
               Retort
               ,
               afterwards
               increase
               it
               every
               hour
               to
               the
               utmost
               violence
               ,
               and
               these
               Spirits
               will
               come
               forth
               ,
               and
               fill
               the
               Receiver
               with
               white
               Clouds
               ;
               continue
               the
               fire
               in
               this
               condition
               three
               days
               together
               ,
               then
               let
               the
               vessels
               cool
               :
               you
               'l
               find
               in
               the
               Receiver
               an
               acid
               Spirit
               ,
               which
               you
               may
               rectifie
               by
               distilling
               it
               in
               a
               glass
               Alembick
               in
               sand
               ,
               in
               order
               to
               make
               it
               the
               clearer
               .
               This
               acid
               is
               more
               disagreeable
               than
               that
               of
               Vitriol
               ,
               it
               is
               used
               in
               Juleps
               for
               continued
               Feavers
               ,
               and
               Tertian
               Agues
               ;
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               four
               to
               eight
               drops
               ;
               it
               is
               likewise
               good
               to
               cure
               the
               Aphtha
               ,
               or
               little
               Chancres
               in
               the
               mouth
               .
            
             
               Break
               the
               Retort
               ,
               and
               you
               'l
               find
               in
               it
               a
               white
               mass
               very
               much
               rarefied
               ,
               and
               light
               ,
               it
               is
               called
               
                 Burnt
                 Alom
              
               ,
               or
               
                 Calcined
                 Alom
              
               ,
               it
               is
               used
               for
               to
               eat
               carnous
               excrescences
               ,
               or
               proud
               flesh
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Distillation
                 of
                 Alom
                 must
                 be
                 performed
                 like
                 that
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 without
                 addition
                 of
                 earth
                 ,
                 because
                 these
                 Salts
                 do
                 contain
                 enough
                 themselves
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Body
                 into
                 which
                 you
                 put
                 your
                 Alom
                 must
                 be
                 sure
                 to
                 be
                 large
                 enough
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 rarefies
                 extreamly
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Phlegm
                 is
                 known
                 to
                 be
                 all
                 come
                 forth
                 ,
                 when
                 there
                 distils
                 no
                 more
                 ;
                 for
                 these
                 Spirits
                 being
                 very
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 weighty
                 do
                 require
                 a
                 greater
                 heat
                 than
                 that
                 of
                 sand
                 to
                 raise
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 have
                 written
                 that
                 Alom
                 yields
                 but
                 very
                 little
                 acid
                 ,
                 yet
                 if
                 they
                 take
                 the
                 pains
                 to
                 keep
                 a
                 strong
                 fire
                 under
                 it
                 for
                 three
                 days
                 together
                 ,
                 they
                 'l
                 find
                 that
                 this
                 Spirit
                 does
                 not
                 give
                 place
                 in
                 strength
                 ,
                 or
                 quantity
                 to
                 that
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 .
              
               
                 Nor
                 are
                 we
                 at
                 all
                 obliged
                 to
                 distinguish
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 would
                 have
                 us
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Acrimonious
                   ,
                   Corrosive
                   salt
                   of
                   Alom
                
                 from
                 its
                 acid
                 ,
                 seeing
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 nothing
                 either
                 Acrimonious
                 or
                 Corosive
                 in
                 this
                 Mineral
                 salt
                 ,
                 which
                 will
                 not
                 turn
                 into
                 an
                 acid
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 strongly
                 urged
                 by
                 fire
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 a
                 Drachm
                 of
                 Alom
                 be
                 dissolved
                 in
                 six
                 ounces
                 of
                 this
                 Phlegm
                 ,
                 you
                 make
                 an
                 excellent
                 
                   Alom
                   water
                
                 to
                 cleanse
                 wounds
                 and
                 ulcers
                 with
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 mass
                 that
                 remains
                 in
                 the
                 Cucurbite
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   Dephlegmated
                   Alom
                
                 ,
                 is
                 more
                 Escarotick
                 than
                 that
                 which
                 hath
                 lost
                 its
                 Spirits
              
               
                 Chirurgeons
                 are
                 wont
                 to
                 Calcine
                 Alom
                 in
                 a
                 Frying
                 pan
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Iron
                 dulls
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 its
                 vertue
                 ,
                 as
                 absorbing
                 its
                 Spirits
                 wherein
                 consists
                 the
                 corrosion
                 of
                 Alom
                 ;
                 the
                 Retort
                 must
                 be
                 filled
                 but
                 half
                 full
                 ,
                 because
                 there
                 happen
                 Ebullitions
                 ,
                 which
                 do
                 require
                 room
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             XX.
             
               Of
               Sulphur
            
             .
          
           
             SVlphur
             is
             a
             kind
             of
             Bitumen
             ,
             that
             is
             found
             in
             many
             places
             in
             Italy
             and
             Spain
             .
             There
             is
             brought
             among
             us
             both
             a
             Natural
             and
             an
             Artificial
             ;
             the
             Natural
             is
             greyish
             ,
             and
             called
             
               Sulphur
               Vivum
            
             ,
             the
             other
             is
             Yellow
             ,
             and
             is
             nothing
             but
             the
             Natural
             melted
             ,
             purified
             from
             its
             grosser
             earth
             and
             formed
             into
             Rowls
             ,
             which
             we
             do
             commonly
             use
             .
          
           
             Some
             think
             that
             Sulphur
             is
             a
             Vitriol
             sublimed
             in
             the
             earth
             ,
             because
             these
             mixts
             are
             very
             often
             found
             near
             one
             another
             ;
             that
             there
             is
             a
             great
             deal
             of
             Sulphur
             in
             the
             mass
             of
             Mineral
             Vitriol
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             acid
             Spirits
             which
             are
             drawn
             from
             them
             both
             are
             wholly
             alike
             .
          
           
             
               Flower
               of
               Sulphur
               .
            
             
               This
               preparation
               is
               an
               exaltation
               of
               Sulphur
               .
            
             
               Put
               about
               half
               a
               pound
               of
               Sulphur
               grosly
               powdered
               into
               a
               glass
               body
               ,
               place
               it
               in
               a
               small
               open
               fire
               ,
               and
               cover
               it
               with
               a
               pot
               or
               another
               Cucurbite
               turned
               upside
               down
               ,
               one
               that
               is
               unglazed
               ,
               so
               as
               that
               the
               neck
               of
               the
               one
               may
               enter
               into
               the
               neck
               of
               the
               other
               .
               Change
               the
               upper
               Cucurbite
               every
               half
               hour
               ,
               fitting
               another
               in
               its
               place
               ;
               add
               likewise
               
               new
               Sulphur
               ;
               gather
               your
               Flowers
               which
               you
               find
               stuck
               in
               the
               Cucurbite
               ,
               and
               continue
               to
               do
               thus
               ,
               until
               you
               have
               got
               as
               much
               as
               you
               desire
               .
               Then
               put
               out
               the
               fire
               and
               let
               the
               vessels
               cool
               ,
               there
               will
               remain
               at
               bottom
               only
               a
               little
               light
               insignificant
               earth
               .
            
             
               The
               
                 Flower
                 of
                 Sulphur
              
               is
               used
               in
               Diseases
               of
               the
               Lungs
               ,
               and
               Breast
               ,
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               ten
               to
               thirty
               grains
               in
               Lozenges
               ,
               or
               in
               Electuary
               .
               It
               is
               used
               also
               in
               Unguents
               for
               the
               Itch.
               
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Operation
                 is
                 intended
                 only
                 to
                 rarefie
                 the
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 that
                 being
                 become
                 more
                 open
                 ,
                 it
                 may
                 work
                 the
                 better
                 .
              
               
                 Sulphur
                 is
                 proper
                 against
                 Infirmities
                 of
                 the
                 Lungs
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 proceed
                 from
                 a
                 Viscosity
                 that
                 sticks
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 deterges
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 given
                 to
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 too
                 much
                 dried
                 with
                 a
                 Feaver
                 ,
                 it
                 proves
                 very
                 ill
                 in
                 that
                 it
                 raises
                 a
                 greater
                 motion
                 of
                 the
                 humours
                 :
                 it
                 cures
                 Tettars
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Itch
                 ,
                 because
                 opening
                 the
                 Pores
                 it
                 drives
                 out
                 the
                 subtler
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 humor
                 ,
                 but
                 yet
                 the
                 grosser
                 part
                 remaining
                 within
                 ,
                 they
                 do
                 frequently
                 return
                 again
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 may
                 use
                 a
                 glass
                 head
                 to
                 fit
                 upon
                 the
                 body
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 mix
                 one
                 part
                 of
                 
                   Sal
                   Polychrestum
                
                 with
                 two
                 pounds
                 of
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 and
                 sublime
                 them
                 together
                 ,
                 as
                 those
                 I
                 have
                 described
                 ,
                 you
                 'l
                 have
                 
                   white
                   flowers
                   of
                   Sulphur
                
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 thought
                 to
                 be
                 better
                 for
                 distempers
                 of
                 the
                 Breast
                 than
                 those
                 others
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 given
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 dose
                 .
                 This
                 whiteness
                 proceeds
                 
                 from
                 a
                 very
                 exact
                 attenuation
                 which
                 
                   Sal
                   Polychrestum
                
                 gives
                 to
                 the
                 Sulphur
                 ;
                 the
                 
                   Sal
                   Polychrestum
                
                 which
                 remains
                 at
                 bottom
                 of
                 the
                 Cucurbite
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 Calcined
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 you
                 afterwards
                 Purifie
                 it
                 by
                 solution
                 ,
                 Evaporation
                 ,
                 and
                 Filtration
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 as
                 good
                 as
                 before
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Magistery
               of
               Sulphur
               .
            
             
               This
               Operation
               is
               a
               Sulphur
               dissolved
               by
               an
               Alkali
               salt
               ,
               and
               precipitated
               by
               an
               acid
               .
            
             
               Take
               four
               ounces
               of
               the
               
                 Flower
                 of
                 Sulphur
              
               ,
               and
               twelve
               ounces
               of
               the
               
                 Salt
                 of
                 Tartar
              
               ,
               or
               
                 Salt-peter
                 fixed
              
               by
               the
               coals
               :
               put
               them
               into
               a
               large
               glazed
               pot
               ,
               and
               pour
               upon
               them
               six
               or
               seven
               pints
               of
               water
               .
               Cover
               the
               pot
               ,
               and
               setting
               it
               on
               the
               fire
               ,
               make
               the
               matter
               boil
               five
               or
               six
               hours
               ,
               or
               until
               being
               become
               red
               ,
               the
               Sulphur
               is
               all
               dissolved
               .
               Then
               Filtrate
               the
               dissolution
               and
               pour
               upon
               it
               by
               little
               and
               little
               distilled
               Vinegar
               ,
               or
               some
               other
               acid
               ,
               there
               will
               presently
               appear
               a
               Milk
               ,
               let
               it
               settle
               ,
               that
               a
               white
               powder
               may
               precipitate
               to
               the
               bottom
               of
               the
               vessel
               ;
               pour
               off
               by
               Inclination
               that
               which
               is
               clear
               ,
               and
               washing
               this
               powder
               five
               or
               six
               times
               with
               water
               ,
               dry
               it
               in
               the
               shade
               ,
               this
               is
               called
               the
               Magistery
               or
               
                 Milk
                 of
                 Sulphur
              
               ;
               it
               is
               thought
               good
               for
               all
               diseases
               of
               the
               Lungs
               ,
               or
               Breast
               ;
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               six
               to
               sixteen
               grains
               in
               some
               convenient
               liquor
               .
            
             
               
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 Water
                 alone
                 is
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 dissolve
                 such
                 a
                 gross
                 body
                 as
                 Sulphur
                 ;
                 wherefore
                 an
                 Alkali
                 salt
                 is
                 added
                 to
                 divide
                 it
                 into
                 small
                 imperceptible
                 particles
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 acid
                 liquor
                 pierces
                 the
                 Alkali
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 separating
                 its
                 parts
                 makes
                 it
                 let
                 go
                 its
                 hold
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Sulphur
                 gathers
                 it self
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 falls
                 down
                 to
                 the
                 bottom
                 in
                 a
                 white
                 powder
                 .
                 This
                 powder
                 is
                 washed
                 to
                 take
                 away
                 the
                 impression
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 acid
                 that
                 might
                 remain
                 among
                 it
                 ,
                 after
                 which
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 said
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 
                   Flower
                   of
                   Sulphur
                   Alcoholised
                
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 change
                 of
                 its
                 yellow
                 colour
                 into
                 a
                 white
                 comes
                 from
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 being
                 more
                 rarefied
                 it
                 hath
                 a
                 smoother
                 surface
                 then
                 it
                 had
                 before
                 ,
                 to
                 reflect
                 the
                 light
                 in
                 a
                 direct
                 line
                 to
                 our
                 eyes
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Operation
                 may
                 give
                 us
                 an
                 Idea
                 of
                 what
                 happens
                 in
                 Chylification
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 Sanguification
                 ;
                 for
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 as
                 the
                 Sulphur
                 does
                 become
                 white
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 has
                 been
                 reduced
                 into
                 a
                 Magistery
                 ,
                 or
                 fine
                 powder
                 ,
                 so
                 the
                 aliments
                 having
                 been
                 fermented
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 substance
                 attenuated
                 in
                 our
                 stomachs
                 ,
                 the
                 Chyle
                 receives
                 a
                 white
                 colour
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 the
                 manner
                 as
                 the
                 Sulphur
                 when
                 intirely
                 dissolved
                 does
                 turn
                 of
                 a
                 red
                 colour
                 ,
                 so
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 Chyle
                 having
                 been
                 altogether
                 exalted
                 ,
                 and
                 dissolved
                 by
                 repeated
                 circulations
                 ,
                 does
                 become
                 red
                 and
                 turn
                 into
                 bloud
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 bloud
                 turns
                 into
                 a
                 Pus
                 ,
                 and
                 becomes
                 white
                 in
                 Imposthumes
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 acid
                 which
                 is
                 found
                 
                 in
                 them
                 having
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 fixed
                 and
                 gathered
                 together
                 its
                 insensible
                 parts
                 ,
                 does
                 make
                 them
                 recover
                 again
                 the
                 colour
                 of
                 Chyle
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 must
                 take
                 care
                 not
                 to
                 let
                 there
                 be
                 any
                 Silver
                 vessel
                 where
                 this
                 Operation
                 is
                 performed
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 vapour
                 which
                 proceeds
                 from
                 Sulphur
                 will
                 make
                 it
                 black
                 .
              
               
                 Fifteen
                 grains
                 of
                 this
                 powder
                 will
                 do
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 double
                 the
                 quantity
                 of
                 
                   Flower
                   of
                   Sulphur
                
                 ,
                 for
                 diseases
                 of
                 the
                 Breast
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 doth
                 not
                 heat
                 so
                 much
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Balsom
               of
               Sulphur
               .
            
             
               This
               Operation
               is
               a
               solution
               of
               the
               oily
               parts
               of
               common
               Sulphur
               in
               oil
               of
               Turpentine
               .
            
             
               Put
               into
               a
               small
               matrass
               an
               ounce
               and
               a
               half
               of
               
                 Flower
                 of
                 Sulphur
              
               ,
               and
               pour
               upon
               it
               eight
               ounces
               of
               
                 Oil
                 of
                 Turpentine
              
               ;
               place
               your
               matrass
               in
               sand
               ,
               and
               give
               it
               a
               digesting
               fire
               two
               hours
               ;
               afterwards
               encrease
               it
               a
               little
               for
               four
               hours
               ,
               and
               the
               Oil
               will
               take
               a
               red
               colour
               ;
               let
               the
               vessel
               cool
               ,
               then
               separate
               the
               clear
               Balsom
               from
               the
               Sulphur
               that
               could
               not
               dissolve
               .
               This
               Balsom
               is
               excellent
               for
               Ulcers
               of
               the
               Lungs
               and
               Breast
               ;
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               one
               drop
               to
               six
               in
               some
               proper
               liquor
               .
            
             
               This
               Balsom
               may
               be
               reduced
               to
               the
               consistence
               of
               an
               Unguent
               ,
               by
               evaporating
               some
               part
               of
               it
               ,
               and
               it
               is
               thus
               used
               to
               cleanse
               wounds
               and
               ulcers
               .
            
             
               To
               make
               the
               
                 Aniseed
                 Balsom
                 of
                 Sulphur
              
               ,
               you
               must
               use
               the
               Oil
               drawn
               from
               Aniseed
               instead
               of
               the
               
                 Oil
                 of
                 Turpentine
              
               ,
               and
               proceed
               as
               I
               have
               said
               ;
               it
               is
               more
               agreeable
               than
               the
               former
               ,
               and
               has
               less
               acrimony
               .
            
             
               
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 no
                 need
                 of
                 a
                 great
                 fire
                 for
                 this
                 Operation
                 ,
                 because
                 Sulphur
                 being
                 a
                 fat
                 body
                 doth
                 easily
                 incorporate
                 with
                 Oils
                 ,
                 and
                 commonly
                 gives
                 them
                 a
                 red
                 colour
                 .
                 When
                 you
                 would
                 have
                 this
                 Balsom
                 taken
                 in
                 Potion
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 dissolve
                 it
                 in
                 a
                 little
                 yelk
                 of
                 an
                 Egg
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 mix
                 in
                 waters
                 ,
                 or
                 broths
                 .
              
               
                 That
                 which
                 remains
                 undissolved
                 in
                 the
                 matrass
                 is
                 the
                 acid
                 or
                 saline
                 part
                 of
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 found
                 crystallized
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 
                   Balsom
                   of
                   Sulphur
                
                 may
                 be
                 likewise
                 made
                 with
                 
                   Oil
                   of
                   Linseed
                
                 ,
                 instead
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Oil
                   of
                   Turpentine
                
                 ,
                 for
                 wounds
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Spirit
               of
               Sulphur
               .
            
             
               This
               Spirit
               is
               the
               acid
               part
               of
               Sulphur
               ,
               turned
               into
               a
               liquor
               by
               fire
               .
            
             
               Provide
               a
               great
               earthen
               pan
               ,
               and
               set
               in
               the
               middle
               of
               it
               a
               little
               earthen
               pan
               turn'd
               upside
               down
               ,
               and
               then
               another
               such
               pan
               on
               this
               filled
               with
               melted
               Sulphur
               ;
               cover
               both
               these
               Pans
               with
               a
               great
               glass
               tunnel
               made
               on
               purpose
               ,
               with
               a
               neck
               as
               long
               as
               that
               of
               a
               matrass
               ,
               and
               the
               bigness
               of
               a
               thumb
               ;
               fire
               the
               Sulphur
               ,
               and
               do
               not
               stop
               the
               hole
               of
               the
               tunnel
               ,
               but
               let
               the
               air
               come
               in
               to
               increase
               its
               burning
               ,
               for
               it
               would
               otherwise
               go
               out
               .
               When
               your
               Sulphur
               is
               spent
               ,
               put
               new
               in
               its
               place
               ,
               and
               continue
               to
               do
               so
               until
               you
               find
               under
               the
               lower
               pan
               as
               much
               Spirit
               as
               you
               need
               ,
               keep
               it
               in
               a
               Viol.
               
            
             
             
               It
               is
               put
               into
               Juleps
               to
               give
               them
               an
               agreable
               acidity
               ,
               to
               qualifie
               the
               heat
               of
               continued
               Feavers
               ,
               and
               is
               a
               good
               diuretick
               .
               Some
               do
               prescribe
               it
               for
               diseases
               of
               the
               Breast
               ,
               but
               because
               acids
               are
               apt
               to
               give
               a
               Cough
               ,
               it
               may
               therefore
               do
               more
               hurt
               than
               good
               to
               that
               part
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 great
                 many
                 Machines
                 have
                 been
                 invented
                 to
                 draw
                 the
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Sulphur
                
                 ;
                 the
                 ordinary
                 one
                 is
                 the
                 
                   glass
                   bell
                
                 ,
                 under
                 which
                 the
                 Brimstone
                 is
                 burnt
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Spirits
                 coagulating
                 against
                 its
                 sides
                 distil
                 into
                 an
                 earthen
                 pan
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 set
                 underneath
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 shewed
                 in
                 the
                 description
                 of
                 my
                 Machine
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 must
                 leave
                 an
                 empty
                 space
                 between
                 the
                 brims
                 of
                 the
                 Bell
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Pan
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Fire
                 may
                 have
                 air
                 enough
                 to
                 keep
                 it
                 lighted
                 ;
                 but
                 besides
                 that
                 the
                 Fire
                 is
                 apt
                 to
                 go
                 out
                 every
                 moment
                 ,
                 use
                 never
                 so
                 much
                 precaution
                 ,
                 a
                 very
                 poor
                 quantity
                 of
                 Spirit
                 is
                 drawn
                 this
                 way
                 .
              
               
                 Authors
                 do
                 recommend
                 this
                 Operation
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 when
                 the
                 weather
                 's
                 wet
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 moisten
                 the
                 Bell
                 before-hand
                 ,
                 but
                 I
                 have
                 found
                 by
                 experience
                 that
                 these
                 circumstances
                 signified
                 nothing
                 at
                 all
                 .
              
               
                 With
                 the
                 Machine
                 that
                 I
                 have
                 described
                 I
                 can
                 draw
                 a
                 good
                 handsom
                 quantity
                 of
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 and
                 I
                 am
                 not
                 forced
                 to
                 fire
                 the
                 Sulphur
                 several
                 times
                 ;
                 because
                 the
                 hole
                 at
                 top
                 gives
                 vent
                 to
                 the
                 air
                 ,
                 and
                 hinders
                 the
                 fires
                 going
                 out
                 :
                 Again
                 the
                 more
                 Phlegmatick
                 part
                 evaporates
                 that
                 way
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 acid
                 Spirit
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 rise
                 so
                 high
                 ,
                 condenses
                 against
                 
                 the
                 sides
                 of
                 the
                 tunnel
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 falls
                 down
                 under
                 the
                 little
                 pan
                 that
                 is
                 turned
                 upside
                 down
                 ,
                 to
                 raise
                 the
                 other
                 higher
                 ,
                 that
                 contains
                 the
                 Sulphur
                 .
                 You
                 may
                 use
                 a
                 Crucible
                 instead
                 of
                 a
                 pan
                 to
                 put
                 the
                 Sulphur
                 in
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 greenish
                 Sulphur
                 is
                 better
                 than
                 the
                 other
                 for
                 this
                 Operation
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 has
                 more
                 Vitriol
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 more
                 Spirit
                 ;
                 for
                 this
                 Spirit
                 is
                 nothing
                 but
                 a
                 
                   Vitriolick
                   Salt
                
                 dissolved
                 ,
                 that
                 differs
                 little
                 from
                 the
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Vitriol
                
                 ,
                 besides
                 in
                 the
                 Taste
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 Empyreumatical
                 ,
                 as
                 not
                 having
                 undergone
                 so
                 violent
                 a
                 Fire
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 
                   Vitriolick
                   salt
                
                 which
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 Sulphur
                 does
                 not
                 rise
                 ,
                 until
                 the
                 more
                 volatile
                 parts
                 are
                 spent
                 ;
                 for
                 which
                 reason
                 the
                 Spirit
                 does
                 not
                 distil
                 until
                 towards
                 the
                 end
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 drops
                 begin
                 then
                 to
                 appear
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 the
                 Tunnel
                 .
              
               
                 Forasmuch
                 as
                 Sulphur
                 is
                 good
                 for
                 diseases
                 of
                 the
                 Lungs
                 and
                 Breast
                 ,
                 many
                 do
                 think
                 that
                 the
                 Spirit
                 which
                 is
                 drawn
                 from
                 it
                 ought
                 to
                 have
                 the
                 same
                 virtues
                 ,
                 but
                 they
                 do
                 not
                 consider
                 that
                 this
                 Spirit
                 being
                 deprived
                 of
                 the
                 fat
                 ,
                 or
                 most
                 sulphureous
                 part
                 of
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 hath
                 also
                 lost
                 the
                 virtue
                 that
                 accompanies
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 must
                 produce
                 effects
                 altogether
                 different
                 from
                 those
                 of
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 manner
                 as
                 the
                 acid
                 Spirits
                 which
                 are
                 drawn
                 from
                 Sugar
                 ,
                 Vitriol
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 other
                 matters
                 ,
                 have
                 very
                 different
                 virtues
                 from
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 mixts
                 themselves
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 reason
                 of
                 it
                 is
                 very
                 plain
                 ,
                 for
                 whereas
                 the
                 Sulphur
                 by
                 its
                 ramous
                 parts
                 can
                 sweeten
                 the
                 acrimonious
                 humours
                 which
                 fall
                 upon
                 the
                 Lungs
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 help
                 the
                 Cough
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Sulphur
                
                 which
                 is
                 an
                 acid
                 does
                 prick
                 the
                 Fibres
                 of
                 the
                 Larynx
                 ,
                 and
                 cause
                 a
                 Coughing
                 ,
                 as
                 all
                 other
                 acids
                 do
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               Salt
               of
               Sulphur
               .
            
             
               The
               
                 Salt
                 of
                 Sulphur
              
               is
               a
               
                 Sal
                 Polychrestum
              
               impregnated
               with
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Sulphur
              
               .
            
             
               Put
               four
               ounces
               of
               
                 Sal
                 Polychrestum
              
               prepared
               as
               I
               have
               said
               ,
               into
               an
               earthen
               pan
               ,
               or
               a
               glass
               vessel
               ,
               and
               pour
               upon
               it
               two
               ounces
               of
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Sulphur
              
               ;
               set
               your
               vessel
               in
               sand
               ,
               and
               evaporate
               all
               the
               liquor
               over
               a
               gentle
               fire
               :
               there
               will
               remain
               four
               ounces
               and
               six
               drachms
               of
               an
               acid
               salt
               ,
               most
               agreeable
               to
               the
               taste
               ,
               keep
               it
               in
               a
               bottle
               well
               stopt
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               a
               good
               medicine
               for
               to
               open
               all
               Obstructions
               ,
               and
               to
               work
               by
               Urine
               ,
               and
               sometimes
               it
               works
               also
               by
               stool
               ;
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               ten
               grains
               to
               two
               scruples
               in
               broth
               .
               It
               is
               dissolved
               from
               half
               a
               drachm
               to
               two
               drachms
               in
               a
               quart
               of
               water
               for
               a
               drink
               in
               Feavers
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Salt
                 is
                 improperly
                 called
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Sulphur
                
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 is
                 nothing
                 but
                 a
                 
                   Sal
                   Polychrestum
                
                 impregnated
                 with
                 an
                 acid
                 Spirit
                 .
              
               
                 Many
                 great
                 descriptions
                 have
                 been
                 given
                 of
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Sulphur
                
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 well
                 examined
                 do
                 all
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 thing
                 as
                 this
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 called
                 by
                 many
                 Authors
                 a
                 
                   Febrifugous
                   salt
                
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 true
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Sulphur
                
                 (
                 truly
                 so
                 called
                 )
                 should
                 be
                 a
                 little
                 of
                 the
                 fixed
                 Vitriol
                 which
                 remains
                 in
                 the
                 earth
                 of
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 after
                 that
                 the
                 flowers
                 have
                 been
                 drawn
                 from
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 should
                 be
                 separated
                 from
                 the
                 
                 earth
                 by
                 a
                 Lixivium
                 ,
                 as
                 other
                 fixed
                 salts
                 are
                 made
                 ;
                 but
                 such
                 a
                 Salt
                 would
                 not
                 have
                 the
                 same
                 qualities
                 as
                 this
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 have
                 written
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Sulphur
                
                 is
                 poured
                 upon
                 
                   Sal
                   Polychrestum
                
                 dissolved
                 in
                 water
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 made
                 a
                 great
                 effervescency
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 when
                 the
                 same
                 Spirit
                 is
                 thrown
                 upon
                 Salt-peter
                 :
                 but
                 without
                 doubt
                 they
                 little
                 examined
                 the
                 matter
                 ,
                 for
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 ebullition
                 made
                 ,
                 neither
                 with
                 the
                 
                   Sal
                   Polychrestum
                
                 ,
                 nor
                 with
                 Salt-peter
                 ,
                 they
                 being
                 both
                 of
                 them
                 acid
                 salts
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 union
                 of
                 acid
                 Spirits
                 with
                 acid
                 Salts
                 is
                 very
                 different
                 from
                 that
                 between
                 acids
                 and
                 alkalis
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 acid
                 Spirits
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 open
                 the
                 insensible
                 parts
                 of
                 acid
                 Salts
                 ,
                 they
                 do
                 lose
                 nothing
                 of
                 their
                 strength
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 keenness
                 remains
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 in
                 respect
                 of
                 acids
                 mixed
                 with
                 alkalis
                 ,
                 for
                 such
                 a
                 penetration
                 is
                 made
                 into
                 the
                 alkalis
                 that
                 the
                 acid
                 loses
                 its
                 strength
                 in
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 for
                 the
                 reason
                 that
                 I
                 have
                 now
                 given
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Sulphur
                
                 is
                 very
                 acid
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   tartarum
                   vitriolatum
                
                 is
                 hardly
                 at
                 all
                 acid
                 ,
                 although
                 there
                 is
                 imployed
                 proportionably
                 as
                 much
                 more
                 acid
                 Spirit
                 for
                 the
                 making
                 
                   tartarum
                   vitriolatum
                
                 ,
                 than
                 there
                 is
                 for
                 the
                 making
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Sulphur
                
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Sulphur
                
                 is
                 good
                 in
                 Tertians
                 ,
                 and
                 continued
                 Feavers
                 ,
                 and
                 on
                 all
                 occasions
                 where
                 there
                 is
                 need
                 of
                 calming
                 the
                 too
                 great
                 motion
                 of
                 the
                 humours
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 acid
                 serves
                 to
                 fixe
                 the
                 volatile
                 Salts
                 ,
                 or
                 Sulphurs
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 most
                 commonly
                 the
                 principal
                 cause
                 of
                 these
                 diseases
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             XXI
             .
             
               Of
               Succinum
               or
               Ambar
            
             .
          
           
             THere
             is
             found
             in
             small
             currents
             near
             the
             Baltick
             Sea
             ,
             in
             the
             Dutchy
             of
             Prussia
             a
             certain
             coagulated
             Bitumen
             ,
             which
             ,
             because
             it
             seems
             to
             be
             a
             juice
             of
             the
             earth
             is
             called
             Succinum
             ,
             and
             Carabè
             ,
             because
             it
             will
             attract
             straws
             ;
             it
             is
             likewise
             called
             
               Electrum
               ,
               Glessum
               ,
               Ambra
               Citrina
               ,
            
             vulgarly
             
               Yellow
               Ambar
            
             .
          
           
             This
             Bitumen
             being
             soft
             and
             viscous
             ,
             several
             little
             Animals
             ,
             such
             as
             Flies
             ,
             and
             Ants
             ,
             do
             stick
             to
             it
             ,
             and
             are
             buried
             in
             it
             .
          
           
             Ambar
             is
             of
             different
             colours
             ,
             such
             as
             
               White
               ,
               Yellow
            
             ,
             and
             Black.
             The
             White
             is
             most
             esteemed
             ,
             though
             it
             be
             no
             better
             than
             the
             Yellow
             .
             The
             Black
             hath
             the
             least
             virtue
             of
             all
             .
          
           
             Ambar
             serves
             to
             stop
             spitting
             of
             bloud
             ,
             the
             Bloudy-flux
             ,
             the
             immoderate
             flux
             of
             the
             Hemorrhoids
             ,
             Terms
             ,
             and
             Gonorrheas
             :
             the
             dose
             is
             from
             ten
             grains
             to
             half
             a
             drachm
             .
             It
             is
             likewise
             used
             to
             stop
             a
             little
             the
             violence
             of
             Catarrhs
             ,
             by
             receiving
             the
             fume
             of
             it
             at
             the
             Nose
             .
          
           
             Some
             do
             think
             that
             Petroleum
             ,
             or
             Oil
             of
             Peter
             ,
             is
             a
             liquor
             drawn
             from
             Ambar
             ,
             by
             the
             means
             of
             Subterranean
             fires
             ,
             which
             make
             a
             distillation
             of
             it
             ,
             and
             that
             Jet
             ,
             and
             coals
             are
             the
             remainders
             of
             this
             distillation
             .
          
           
           
             This
             opinion
             would
             have
             probability
             enough
             in
             it
             ,
             if
             the
             places
             ,
             from
             whence
             this
             sort
             of
             drogues
             does
             come
             ,
             were
             not
             so
             far
             asunder
             the
             one
             from
             the
             other
             ;
             for
             Petroleum
             is
             not
             commonly
             found
             but
             in
             Italy
             ,
             in
             Sicily
             ,
             and
             Provence
             .
             This
             Oil
             distils
             through
             the
             clefts
             of
             rocks
             ,
             and
             it
             is
             very
             likely
             to
             be
             the
             Oil
             of
             some
             Bitumen
             ,
             which
             the
             subterranean
             fires
             have
             raised
             .
          
           
             
               Tincture
               of
               Ambar
               .
            
             
               This
               Operation
               is
               a
               solution
               of
               some
               oily
               parts
               of
               Ambar
               ,
               made
               in
               Spirit
               of
               wine
               .
            
             
               Reduce
               into
               an
               impalpable
               powder
               five
               or
               six
               ounces
               of
               yellow
               Ambar
               ,
               and
               put
               it
               into
               a
               bolt-head
               ,
               pour
               upon
               it
               Spirit
               of
               wine
               to
               the
               height
               of
               four
               fingers
               ,
               stop
               this
               bolthead
               with
               another
               ,
               to
               make
               a
               double
               vessel
               ,
               and
               having
               exactly
               luted
               the
               junctures
               with
               a
               wet
               bladder
               ,
               place
               it
               in
               digestion
               in
               hot
               sand
               ,
               and
               leave
               it
               there
               five
               or
               six
               dayes
               ,
               or
               until
               the
               Spirit
               of
               wine
               is
               sufficiently
               tinged
               with
               the
               Ambar
               colour
               ;
               decant
               this
               Tincture
               ,
               and
               put
               more
               Spirit
               of
               wine
               to
               the
               matter
               ,
               you
               must
               digest
               it
               as
               before
               ,
               then
               having
               separated
               the
               impregnation
               ,
               mix
               it
               with
               the
               other
               :
               Filtrate
               them
               ,
               and
               distil
               from
               them
               in
               an
               Alembick
               with
               a
               very
               little
               fire
               ,
               about
               half
               the
               Spirit
               of
               wine
               ,
               which
               may
               serve
               you
               as
               before
               ;
               keep
               the
               Tincture
               that
               you
               will
               find
               at
               the
               bottom
               of
               the
               Alembick
               ,
               in
               a
               Viol
               well
               stopt
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               good
               for
               the
               Apoplexy
               ,
               Palsie
               ,
               Epilepsie
               ,
               and
               for
               Hysterical
               women
               ;
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               ten
               drops
               to
               a
               drachm
               in
               some
               proper
               liquor
               .
            
             
               
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 must
                 powder
                 the
                 Ambar
                 finely
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 menstruum
                 may
                 open
                 its
                 body
                 the
                 better
                 ;
                 this
                 Tincture
                 is
                 nothing
                 but
                 the
                 Sulphureous
                 or
                 oily
                 part
                 of
                 Ambar
                 ,
                 which
                 Spirit
                 of
                 wine
                 (
                 a
                 Sulphur
                 )
                 does
                 become
                 impregnated
                 with
                 :
                 a
                 liquor
                 that
                 were
                 not
                 sulphureous
                 would
                 perhaps
                 dissolve
                 the
                 Ambar
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 dissolved
                 by
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 the
                 more
                 impure
                 ;
                 wherefore
                 you
                 must
                 always
                 use
                 such
                 a
                 dissolvent
                 as
                 is
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 nature
                 with
                 the
                 substance
                 that
                 you
                 would
                 dissolve
                 .
              
               
                 Half
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 wine
                 is
                 drawn
                 off
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 Tincture
                 the
                 stronger
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Distillation
               of
               Ambar
               ,
               and
               the
               Rectification
               of
               its
               Oil
               ,
               and
               Spirit
               .
            
             
               Fill
               with
               Ambar
               grosly
               beaten
               two
               thirds
               of
               an
               earthen
               Retort
               ,
               or
               glass
               one
               luted
               ;
               place
               it
               in
               a
               Furnace
               ,
               on
               two
               iron
               bars
               ;
               fit
               to
               it
               a
               large
               Receiver
               ,
               and
               luting
               the
               junctures
               close
               ,
               give
               under
               it
               a
               small
               Fire
               to
               warm
               the
               Retort
               ,
               and
               drive
               out
               the
               Phlegm
               .
               Afterwards
               augment
               it
               by
               little
               and
               little
               ,
               there
               will
               come
               forth
               a
               Spirit
               ,
               and
               an
               Oil
               ;
               continue
               the
               Fire
               until
               there
               comes
               no
               more
               ;
               then
               let
               the
               vessels
               cool
               ,
               and
               unlute
               them
               .
               Pour
               about
               a
               pint
               of
               warm
               water
               into
               the
               Receiver
               ,
               and
               stirring
               it
               soundly
               about
               ,
               for
               to
               dissolve
               some
               volatile
               Salt
               that
               often
               sticks
               to
               the
               sides
               of
               the
               Receiver
               ,
               
               pour
               all
               the
               liquor
               into
               a
               glass
               Alembeck
               ;
               fit
               to
               it
               a
               Receiver
               ,
               and
               luting
               well
               the
               junctures
               ,
               make
               a
               small
               Fire
               to
               heat
               the
               vessel
               ,
               then
               augment
               it
               a
               little
               ,
               the
               water
               and
               Spirit
               will
               rise
               ,
               and
               carry
               with
               them
               a
               little
               white
               Oil
               ;
               continue
               the
               Fire
               ,
               until
               there
               rises
               no
               more
               ,
               and
               the
               thick
               Oil
               remains
               at
               bottom
               of
               the
               Cucurbite
               without
               boiling
               :
               separate
               the
               white
               Oil
               that
               swims
               above
               the
               Spirit
               and
               Phlegm
               ,
               and
               keep
               it
               in
               a
               Viol
               well
               stopt
               ;
               it
               is
               given
               inwardly
               in
               Hysterical
               Distempers
               ,
               in
               the
               Palsie
               ,
               Apoplexy
               ,
               and
               Epilepsie
               ;
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               one
               drop
               to
               four
               in
               some
               appropriate
               liquor
               :
               it
               may
               be
               mixed
               with
               a
               little
               yelk
               of
               an
               Egg
               ,
               to
               dissolve
               it
               easily
               in
               water
               or
               broth
               .
            
             
               The
               water
               and
               Spirit
               do
               remain
               mixed
               confusedly
               together
               ,
               now
               to
               separate
               them
               you
               must
               pour
               this
               mixture
               into
               an
               earthen
               or
               glass
               dish
               ,
               and
               evaporate
               over
               a
               very
               gentle
               Fire
               two
               thirds
               of
               it
               ;
               that
               which
               remains
               is
               the
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Ambar
              
               ,
               keep
               it
               in
               a
               Viol
               well
               stopt
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               an
               excellent
               Aperitive
               ,
               and
               is
               given
               in
               the
               Jaundise
               ,
               stoppage
               of
               Urine
               ,
               Ulcers
               of
               the
               neck
               of
               the
               bladder
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               Scurvy
               ;
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               ten
               to
               four
               and
               twenty
               drops
               in
               some
               convenient
               liquor
               .
            
             
               The
               
                 Black
                 Oil
              
               which
               remains
               in
               the
               Cucurbite
               may
               be
               kept
               apart
               for
               outward
               uses
               ,
               to
               chafe
               the
               Nose
               and
               Wrists
               of
               women
               in
               Hysterical
               maladies
               .
            
             
               If
               you
               would
               rectifie
               it
               ,
               you
               must
               mix
               it
               with
               so
               much
               sand
               as
               is
               necessary
               to
               make
               it
               into
               a
               Paste
               ,
               and
               put
               it
               into
               a
               Retort
               ,
               and
               placing
               it
               in
               a
               Furnace
               in
               a
               naked
               Fire
               distil
               all
               the
               Oil
               ;
               the
               first
               that
               comes
               forth
               will
               be
               red
               ,
               but
               exceeding
               clear
               ,
               keep
               it
               by
               it self
               ;
               It
               may
               serve
               instead
               of
               the
               white
               .
            
             
             
               The
               
                 Oil
                 of
                 Jet
              
               may
               be
               drawn
               as
               the
               
                 Oil
                 of
                 Ambar
              
               ,
               but
               because
               Jet
               is
               more
               terrestrious
               ,
               it
               requires
               a
               stronger
               Fire
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Oils
                 of
                 Ambar
                 and
                 Jet
                 do
                 work
                 in
                 Hysterical
                 cases
                 ,
                 chiefly
                 by
                 their
                 ill
                 smell
                 ;
                 for
                 we
                 see
                 that
                 whatsoever
                 is
                 ungrateful
                 to
                 the
                 smell
                 does
                 commonly
                 allay
                 symptoms
                 in
                 diseases
                 of
                 the
                 matrix
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 good
                 smells
                 do
                 increase
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 reason
                 of
                 these
                 effects
                 is
                 not
                 very
                 easie
                 to
                 find
                 ,
                 seeing
                 that
                 all
                 that
                 has
                 been
                 hitherto
                 said
                 for
                 explication
                 of
                 them
                 has
                 only
                 come
                 to
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 matrix
                 sympathizing
                 with
                 the
                 brain
                 does
                 rise
                 upwards
                 to
                 share
                 in
                 the
                 good
                 smells
                 of
                 the
                 brain
                 ,
                 and
                 sinks
                 downwards
                 when
                 the
                 nose
                 is
                 offended
                 with
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 unpleasant
                 .
                 Nay
                 some
                 have
                 thought
                 the
                 matrix
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 little
                 animal
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 many
                 motions
                 that
                 have
                 been
                 observed
                 in
                 it
                 .
                 These
                 kinds
                 of
                 discourses
                 are
                 indeed
                 very
                 proper
                 to
                 leave
                 people
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 doubts
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 before
                 ,
                 and
                 I
                 don't
                 think
                 any
                 body
                 has
                 received
                 any
                 satisfaction
                 from
                 them
                 .
                 Therefore
                 let
                 us
                 try
                 whether
                 we
                 can
                 say
                 any
                 thing
                 more
                 to
                 the
                 purpose
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 a
                 woman
                 receives
                 an
                 agreeable
                 smell
                 ,
                 the
                 tickling
                 pleasure
                 which
                 this
                 smell
                 produces
                 in
                 the
                 brain
                 by
                 means
                 of
                 the
                 olfactive
                 nerve
                 ,
                 does
                 move
                 the
                 Spirits
                 and
                 determinate
                 them
                 to
                 run
                 into
                 the
                 vessels
                 in
                 a
                 greater
                 abundance
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 more
                 agility
                 than
                 they
                 did
                 before
                 .
                 Then
                 also
                 is
                 perceived
                 ,
                 if
                 she
                 minds
                 it
                 ,
                 a
                 certain
                 titillation
                 of
                 the
                 parts
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 senses
                 do
                 seem
                 willing
                 to
                 partake
                 of
                 this
                 good
                 smell
                 .
                 All
                 this
                 is
                 common
                 to
                 men
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 women
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 because
                 the
                 vessels
                 which
                 go
                 from
                 the
                 brain
                 to
                 the
                 matrix
                 do
                 swell
                 with
                 this
                 affluence
                 of
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 they
                 must
                 of
                 necessity
                 be
                 abbreviated
                 in
                 their
                 length
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 cord
                 is
                 found
                 to
                 swell
                 and
                 to
                 shorten
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 wetted
                 ,
                 or
                 as
                 the
                 Fibres
                 of
                 a
                 glove
                 do
                 shrink
                 when
                 the
                 humidity
                 that
                 is
                 within
                 them
                 is
                 rarefied
                 by
                 the
                 Fire
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 vessels
                 being
                 thus
                 shortned
                 ,
                 they
                 must
                 needs
                 give
                 shocks
                 ,
                 and
                 receive
                 like
                 returns
                 from
                 the
                 matrix
                 .
                 And
                 then
                 likewise
                 it
                 is
                 perceived
                 to
                 rise
                 and
                 to
                 move
                 upwards
                 .
                 But
                 because
                 this
                 viscus
                 does
                 commonly
                 contain
                 a
                 gross
                 bloud
                 ,
                 and
                 humors
                 very
                 easie
                 to
                 ferment
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 actuated
                 by
                 these
                 shocks
                 ,
                 there
                 do
                 rise
                 from
                 it
                 gross
                 vapours
                 which
                 oppress
                 the
                 diaphragm
                 ,
                 and
                 do
                 cause
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 called
                 the
                 suffocation
                 of
                 the
                 matrix
                 .
                 These
                 distempers
                 do
                 likewise
                 very
                 often
                 happen
                 to
                 women
                 who
                 have
                 no
                 ways
                 been
                 offended
                 with
                 sweet
                 smells
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 which
                 causes
                 the
                 same
                 symptoms
                 does
                 work
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 ill
                 smells
                 ,
                 they
                 must
                 produce
                 a
                 quite
                 contrary
                 effect
                 ,
                 for
                 by
                 striking
                 offensively
                 the
                 nerve
                 of
                 the
                 nose
                 ,
                 the
                 Spirits
                 do
                 retire
                 back
                 to
                 their
                 places
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 the
                 vessels
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 matrix
                 do
                 resume
                 their
                 ordinary
                 disposition
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 you
                 will
                 say
                 perhaps
                 that
                 a
                 grain
                 of
                 Musk
                 or
                 Civet
                 is
                 often
                 applyed
                 to
                 the
                 Navil
                 ,
                 to
                 settle
                 the
                 mother
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 lay
                 the
                 vapours
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 has
                 been
                 practised
                 indeed
                 by
                 some
                 ,
                 but
                 without
                 any
                 proof
                 that
                 ever
                 it
                 did
                 any
                 good
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 it
                 gave
                 any
                 ease
                 .
                 Civet
                 is
                 put
                 into
                 the
                 middle
                 
                 of
                 Galbanum
                 Plaisters
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Oxycroceum
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 applied
                 to
                 the
                 Navil
                 ,
                 but
                 there
                 is
                 more
                 reason
                 to
                 attribute
                 the
                 effects
                 which
                 come
                 from
                 this
                 remedy
                 rather
                 to
                 the
                 Plaisters
                 than
                 to
                 the
                 Civet
                 .
                 And
                 besides
                 ,
                 it
                 cannot
                 be
                 said
                 that
                 this
                 Civet
                 ,
                 or
                 this
                 Musk
                 thus
                 applied
                 do
                 yield
                 any
                 good
                 smell
                 .
              
               
                 Many
                 men
                 are
                 likewise
                 very
                 subject
                 to
                 vapours
                 ,
                 and
                 among
                 others
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 of
                 a
                 Melancholick
                 temper
                 do
                 seem
                 to
                 feel
                 the
                 same
                 symptoms
                 as
                 women
                 ,
                 upon
                 any
                 sweet
                 smells
                 .
                 This
                 comes
                 from
                 obstructions
                 in
                 the
                 vessels
                 ,
                 which
                 have
                 communication
                 with
                 the
                 brain
                 ,
                 for
                 these
                 humors
                 which
                 do
                 cause
                 the
                 obstruction
                 being
                 thereby
                 moved
                 may
                 produce
                 these
                 effects
                 .
              
               
                 That
                 which
                 is
                 called
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Ambar
                
                 is
                 only
                 a
                 volatile
                 salt
                 dissolved
                 in
                 a
                 little
                 Phlegm
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 Authors
                 pretend
                 ,
                 that
                 putting
                 this
                 Spirit
                 into
                 a
                 matrass
                 with
                 its
                 blind-head
                 ,
                 they
                 can
                 sublime
                 a
                 volatile
                 salt
                 from
                 it
                 as
                 from
                 Animals
                 ,
                 but
                 I
                 could
                 never
                 find
                 experience
                 answer
                 their
                 pretences
                 ;
                 for
                 after
                 having
                 followed
                 them
                 several
                 times
                 in
                 this
                 Operation
                 ,
                 I
                 could
                 never
                 gain
                 one
                 jot
                 of
                 that
                 salt
                 ,
                 which
                 hath
                 given
                 me
                 occasion
                 to
                 examine
                 this
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 enquire
                 what
                 kind
                 of
                 salt
                 it
                 might
                 contain
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 found
                 this
                 Salt
                 was
                 acid
                 ,
                 and
                 like
                 unto
                 that
                 of
                 Plants
                 which
                 is
                 called
                 Essential
                 ,
                 whereof
                 I
                 have
                 spoken
                 in
                 the
                 Principles
                 .
                 This
                 Salt
                 being
                 less
                 volatile
                 than
                 that
                 of
                 Animals
                 ,
                 cannot
                 rise
                 so
                 high
                 ,
                 besides
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 heavier
                 than
                 the
                 Phlegm
                 which
                 must
                 rise
                 first
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 to
                 separate
                 it
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 evaporate
                 about
                 a
                 third
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 over
                 a
                 very
                 gentle
                 fire
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 put
                 the
                 remainder
                 into
                 a
                 cool
                 place
                 ,
                 and
                 leave
                 it
                 there
                 ten
                 or
                 
                 twelve
                 days
                 without
                 stirring
                 it
                 ,
                 you
                 'l
                 find
                 little
                 Crystals
                 which
                 you
                 may
                 take
                 and
                 keep
                 in
                 a
                 Viol
                 well
                 stopt
                 .
                 This
                 Salt
                 hath
                 the
                 same
                 virtues
                 as
                 the
                 Spirit
                 :
                 the
                 dose
                 is
                 from
                 eight
                 grains
                 to
                 sixteen
                 ,
                 in
                 Raddish
                 ,
                 or
                 Pellitory
                 water
                 ;
                 but
                 it
                 is
                 better
                 to
                 keep
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 for
                 besides
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 more
                 easily
                 preserved
                 so
                 ,
                 there
                 always
                 flies
                 away
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 it
                 with
                 the
                 Phlegm
                 in
                 the
                 evaporation
                 ,
                 let
                 the
                 fire
                 be
                 never
                 so
                 moderate
                 .
                 But
                 now
                 I
                 shall
                 give
                 you
                 a
                 preparation
                 of
                 the
                 volatile
                 salt
                 of
                 Ambar
                 ,
                 that
                 may
                 be
                 easily
                 made
                 ,
                 and
                 may
                 keep
                 dry
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               The
               Volatile
               Salt
               of
               Ambar
               .
            
             
               Put
               two
               pounds
               of
               Ambar
               powdered
               into
               a
               large
               glass
               or
               earthen
               Cucurbite
               ,
               let
               it
               be
               filled
               but
               the
               fourth
               part
               ,
               set
               this
               Cucurbite
               in
               sand
               ,
               and
               after
               you
               have
               fitted
               a
               head
               to
               it
               ,
               and
               a
               small
               Receiver
               ,
               lute
               well
               the
               junctures
               ,
               and
               light
               a
               little
               fire
               under
               it
               for
               about
               an
               hour
               ;
               then
               when
               the
               Cucurbite
               is
               grown
               hot
               ,
               encrease
               the
               fire
               by
               little
               and
               little
               to
               the
               third
               degree
               ;
               and
               there
               will
               distil
               first
               of
               all
               a
               phlegm
               and
               Spirit
               ,
               then
               the
               volatile
               salt
               will
               rise
               ,
               and
               stick
               to
               the
               head
               in
               little
               Crystals
               ;
               afterwards
               there
               distils
               an
               Oil
               first
               white
               and
               then
               red
               ,
               but
               clear
               :
               when
               you
               see
               the
               vapours
               rise
               no
               longer
               ,
               you
               must
               put
               out
               the
               fire
               ,
               and
               when
               the
               vessels
               are
               cold
               unlute
               them
               .
               Gather
               the
               volatile
               salt
               with
               a
               Feather
               ,
               and
               because
               it
               will
               be
               but
               impure
               as
               yet
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               a
               little
               Oil
               that
               is
               mixed
               with
               it
               ,
               you
               must
               put
               it
               into
               a
               Viol
               big
               enough
               that
               the
               salt
               may
               fill
               only
               the
               fourth
               part
               of
               it
               ,
               place
               the
               Viol
               in
               sand
               ,
               after
               you
               have
               stopt
               it
               only
               with
               
               paper
               ,
               and
               by
               means
               of
               a
               little
               fire
               ,
               you
               'l
               sublime
               the
               pure
               salt
               in
               fair
               Crystals
               to
               the
               top
               of
               the
               Viol.
               When
               you
               perceive
               the
               Oil
               begin
               to
               rise
               ,
               you
               must
               then
               take
               your
               Viol
               off
               the
               fire
               ,
               and
               letting
               it
               cool
               ,
               break
               it
               ,
               to
               separate
               the
               salt
               ;
               keep
               it
               in
               a
               Viol
               well
               stopt
               ,
               you
               'l
               have
               half
               an
               ounce
               .
            
             
               This
               salt
               is
               a
               very
               good
               aperitive
               ,
               and
               may
               be
               given
               from
               eight
               grains
               to
               sixteen
               in
               some
               opening
               liquor
               ,
               for
               the
               Jaundies
               ,
               for
               
                 Ischuries
                 ,
                 Vlcers
                 in
                 the
                 Bladder
                 ,
                 the
                 Scurvy
                 ,
                 Fits
                 of
                 the
                 Mother
                 ,
              
               and
               upon
               all
               occasions
               where
               there
               is
               any
               need
               of
               removing
               obstructions
               ,
               and
               opening
               by
               way
               of
               Urine
               .
            
             
               The
               Spirit
               and
               Oil
               have
               the
               same
               virtues
               as
               those
               I
               have
               spoken
               of
               .
               If
               you
               would
               distil
               in
               a
               Retort
               the
               mass
               which
               remains
               in
               the
               Cucurbite
               ,
               until
               there
               comes
               away
               nothing
               more
               ,
               you
               'l
               have
               a
               Black
               Oil
               ,
               which
               might
               serve
               women
               to
               smell
               to
               in
               fits
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Cucurbite
                 must
                 be
                 sure
                 to
                 be
                 large
                 enough
                 ,
                 for
                 otherwise
                 it
                 will
                 break
                 while
                 the
                 vapours
                 are
                 a
                 rising
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 will
                 have
                 five
                 ounces
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 of
                 a
                 clear
                 Oil
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 ounce
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 of
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 two
                 ounces
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 of
                 a
                 black
                 oil
                 ,
                 are
                 drawn
                 from
                 the
                 mass
                 by
                 the
                 Retort
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 which
                 remains
                 weighs
                 two
                 ounces
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 black
                 rarefied
                 matter
                 which
                 burns
                 like
                 coals
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 fuliginosities
                 that
                 fall
                 upon
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 clear
                 Oil
                 may
                 be
                 drawn
                 from
                 Ambar
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 distillation
                 by
                 mixing
                 the
                 Ambar
                 with
                 an
                 
                 equal
                 weight
                 of
                 sea-salt
                 ,
                 and
                 distilling
                 it
                 in
                 a
                 Retort
                 the
                 usual
                 way
                 ;
                 there
                 will
                 remain
                 likewise
                 some
                 volatile
                 salt
                 in
                 the
                 neck
                 of
                 the
                 Retort
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 rectified
                 by
                 subliming
                 it
                 in
                 a
                 Viol
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 said
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             XXII
             .
             
               Of
               Ambar-Grease
            
             .
          
           
             AMbar-Grease
             is
             a
             Bitumen
             found
             in
             many
             places
             on
             the
             Sea-shore
             ,
             but
             especially
             in
             the
             Indies
             ;
             it
             grows
             hard
             in
             the
             Sun-beams
             .
             The
             best
             is
             that
             which
             is
             very
             gray
             ,
             and
             dry
             ,
             and
             easily
             softens
             in
             the
             heat
             ;
             when
             it
             is
             wet
             ,
             it
             appears
             blackish
             .
          
           
             Men
             have
             thought
             it
             is
             found
             no
             where
             else
             but
             in
             the
             Oriental
             seas
             ,
             though
             some
             of
             it
             has
             been
             known
             to
             be
             sometimes
             met
             with
             upon
             the
             English
             Coast
             ,
             and
             in
             several
             other
             places
             of
             Europe
             ;
             most
             of
             it
             is
             brought
             from
             the
             Coast
             of
             Melinda
             ,
             and
             especially
             at
             the
             mouth
             of
             the
             River
             that
             is
             called
             
               Rio
               di
               Sena
            
             .
          
           
             Ambar-grease
             is
             an
             excellent
             Corroborative
             ,
             it
             is
             given
             in
             some
             liquor
             ,
             or
             in
             Electuary
             to
             increase
             Seed
             :
             the
             dose
             is
             from
             one
             grain
             to
             four
             .
          
           
             
             
               Essence
               of
               Ambar-Grease
               .
            
             
               This
               operation
               is
               an
               extract
               of
               the
               more
               oily
               parts
               of
               
                 Ambar-grease
                 ,
                 Musk
              
               ,
               and
               Civet
               ,
               in
               Spirit
               of
               wine
               .
            
             
               Take
               two
               drachms
               of
               good
               Ambar-grease
               ,
               so
               much
               
                 Sugar
                 Candy
              
               ,
               half
               a
               drachm
               of
               Musk
               ,
               and
               two
               grains
               of
               Civet
               ;
               beat
               them
               small
               together
               ,
               and
               put
               the
               mixture
               into
               a
               Viol
               :
               pour
               upon
               it
               four
               ounces
               of
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Wine
              
               well
               Alcoholized
               .
               Stop
               the
               Viol
               close
               ,
               and
               set
               it
               in
               Digestion
               in
               horse-dung
               four
               days
               ;
               then
               taking
               it
               out
               ,
               separate
               that
               which
               is
               clear
               ,
               while
               it
               is
               warm
               ,
               for
               it
               will
               congeal
               when
               cold
               .
               This
               Essence
               works
               more
               strongly
               than
               Ambar-grease
               in
               substance
               ;
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               six
               to
               twelve
               drops
               in
               some
               convenient
               liquor
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 Ambar-grease
                 alone
                 hath
                 scarce
                 any
                 smell
                 at
                 all
                 ,
                 but
                 when
                 its
                 parts
                 are
                 put
                 in
                 motion
                 by
                 Fermentation
                 ,
                 Sulphurs
                 do
                 rise
                 from
                 it
                 which
                 tickle
                 the
                 sense
                 of
                 smelling
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 pleasure
                 ;
                 the
                 addition
                 of
                 Musk
                 and
                 Civet
                 have
                 a
                 good
                 effect
                 ;
                 as
                 for
                 the
                 
                   Sugar
                   Candy
                
                 ,
                 it
                 serves
                 only
                 to
                 separate
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 the
                 more
                 easily
                 powdered
                 and
                 dissolved
                 :
                 for
                 this
                 Tincture
                 is
                 only
                 a
                 dissolution
                 of
                 these
                 sulphureous
                 matters
                 in
                 Spirit
                 of
                 wine
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 terrestrious
                 part
                 which
                 remains
                 at
                 bottom
                 may
                 be
                 used
                 in
                 sweet
                 Powders
                 .
              
            
          
        
      
       
         
         
         
           THE
           SECOND
           PART
           .
           
             Of
             Vegetables
          
           .
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             I.
             
               Of
               Jalap
            
             .
          
           
             JAlap
             is
             a
             grayish
             root
             brought
             out
             of
             America
             ,
             cut
             into
             slices
             and
             dried
             ;
             it
             grows
             in
             the
             Province
             of
             Mechoacan
             ,
             and
             in
             several
             other
             places
             ;
             the
             best
             is
             that
             which
             is
             most
             compact
             ,
             and
             filled
             with
             Resinous
             veins
             .
             It
             purges
             watery
             humors
             very
             well
             ,
             and
             is
             therefore
             usually
             given
             in
             the
             Dropsie
             and
             Gout
             :
             the
             dose
             is
             from
             ten
             grains
             to
             a
             drachm
             in
             broth
             ,
             or
             White-wine
             .
          
           
             
               Rosine
               ,
               or
               Magistery
               of
               Jalap
               .
            
             
               This
               Operation
               is
               a
               solution
               of
               the
               oily
               or
               resinous
               part
               of
               Jalap
               ,
               made
               in
               Spirit
               of
               wine
               ,
               and
               precipitated
               by
               common
               water
               .
            
             
               Put
               a
               pound
               of
               good
               Jalap
               grosly
               powdered
               into
               a
               large
               matrass
               ;
               pour
               upon
               it
               Spirit
               of
               wine
               Alcoholized
               ,
               
               until
               it
               be
               four
               fingers
               above
               the
               matter
               :
               stop
               the
               matrass
               with
               another
               whose
               neck
               enters
               into
               it
               ,
               and
               luting
               the
               junctures
               with
               a
               wet
               bladder
               ,
               digest
               it
               three
               days
               in
               a
               sand-heat
               ,
               the
               Spirit
               of
               wine
               will
               receive
               a
               red
               Tincture
               :
               decant
               it
               ,
               and
               then
               pour
               more
               upon
               the
               Jalap
               ;
               proceed
               as
               before
               ,
               and
               mixing
               your
               dissolutions
               filtrate
               them
               through
               brown
               paper
               .
               Put
               that
               which
               you
               have
               filtred
               into
               a
               glass
               Cucurbite
               ,
               and
               distil
               in
               a
               vaporous
               bath
               two
               thirds
               of
               the
               Spirit
               of
               wine
               ,
               which
               may
               serve
               you
               another
               time
               for
               the
               same
               Operation
               .
               Pour
               that
               which
               remains
               at
               the
               bottom
               of
               the
               Cucurbite
               into
               a
               large
               earthen
               Pan
               ,
               filled
               with
               water
               ,
               and
               it
               will
               turn
               into
               a
               milk
               ,
               which
               you
               must
               leave
               a
               day
               to
               settle
               ,
               and
               then
               separate
               the
               water
               by
               Inclination
               ,
               you
               'l
               find
               the
               Rosine
               at
               bottom
               like
               unto
               Turpentine
               .
               Wash
               it
               several
               times
               with
               water
               ,
               and
               dry
               it
               in
               the
               Sun
               ,
               it
               will
               grow
               hard
               like
               common
               Rosine
               ;
               powder
               it
               fine
               ,
               and
               it
               will
               become
               white
               .
               Keep
               it
               in
               a
               Viol
               ,
               it
               purges
               Serosities
               .
               It
               is
               given
               in
               Dropsies
               ,
               and
               for
               all
               Obstructions
               :
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               four
               to
               twelve
               grains
               ,
               mixt
               in
               Electuary
               ,
               or
               else
               in
               Pills
               .
            
             
               The
               Rosines
               of
               
                 Turbith
                 ,
                 Scammony
              
               ,
               and
               Benjamin
               ,
               may
               be
               drawn
               after
               the
               same
               manner
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Spirit
                 of
                 wine
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 is
                 likewise
                 a
                 very
                 convenient
                 Menstruum
                 to
                 extract
                 Rosines
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 gross
                 Sulphurs
                 ;
                 you
                 must
                 use
                 enough
                 Spirit
                 to
                 dissolve
                 all
                 the
                 Rosine
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 it
                 a
                 sufficient
                 time
                 to
                 open
                 all
                 the
                 body
                 of
                 the
                 Jalap
                 ,
                 
                 after
                 which
                 a
                 good
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 wine
                 is
                 drawn
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 may
                 serve
                 for
                 the
                 same
                 use
                 again
                 ,
                 provided
                 you
                 distil
                 it
                 with
                 a
                 very
                 gentle
                 fire
                 ,
                 for
                 if
                 you
                 let
                 it
                 be
                 too
                 strong
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 carry
                 along
                 with
                 it
                 good
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Rosine
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 water
                 is
                 poured
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 to
                 weaken
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 wine
                 ,
                 which
                 held
                 the
                 Rosine
                 dissolved
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 it
                 revives
                 again
                 ,
                 and
                 its
                 parts
                 approaching
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 made
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 milk
                 ,
                 which
                 clears
                 up
                 ,
                 according
                 as
                 the
                 Rosine
                 precipitates
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 have
                 used
                 sixteen
                 ounces
                 of
                 Jalap
                 ,
                 you
                 will
                 draw
                 an
                 ounce
                 and
                 six
                 drachms
                 of
                 Rosine
                 well
                 washed
                 and
                 dried
                 .
              
               
                 From
                 six
                 ounces
                 of
                 good
                 Scammony
                 ,
                 you
                 draw
                 five
                 ounces
                 of
                 Rosine
                 by
                 the
                 like
                 preparation
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 do
                 evaporate
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 wine
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 using
                 any
                 Precipitation
                 ,
                 they
                 find
                 their
                 Rosine
                 in
                 an
                 Extract
                 at
                 the
                 bottom
                 of
                 the
                 vessel
                 ,
                 but
                 then
                 it
                 becomes
                 black
                 like
                 pitch
                 .
              
               
                 All
                 the
                 Purgative
                 virtue
                 of
                 the
                 Jalap
                 consists
                 in
                 the
                 Rosine
                 :
                 an
                 Alkali
                 salt
                 may
                 be
                 drawn
                 from
                 the
                 remainder
                 but
                 in
                 a
                 very
                 small
                 quantity
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 must
                 observe
                 to
                 give
                 the
                 
                   Rosine
                   of
                   Jalap
                
                 always
                 mixt
                 with
                 something
                 else
                 that
                 may
                 separate
                 its
                 parts
                 for
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 taken
                 alone
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 apt
                 to
                 adhere
                 to
                 the
                 inward
                 membrane
                 of
                 the
                 Intestines
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 cause
                 Ulcers
                 by
                 its
                 acrimonious
                 quality
                 .
              
               
                 Moreover
                 Apothecaries
                 should
                 observe
                 to
                 mix
                 it
                 in
                 a
                 little
                 yolk
                 of
                 an
                 Egg
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 would
                 dissolve
                 it
                 in
                 a
                 Potion
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 sticks
                 to
                 the
                 mortar
                 like
                 Turpentine
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 humected
                 by
                 any
                 aqueous
                 liquor
                 .
                 It
                 may
                 be
                 likewise
                 incorporated
                 with
                 some
                 Electuary
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 it
                 easily
                 dissolves
                 .
              
               
               
                 Twelve
                 grains
                 of
                 this
                 Rosine
                 work
                 the
                 same
                 effect
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 drachm
                 of
                 Jalap
                 in
                 substance
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 not
                 yet
                 sufficiently
                 known
                 wherein
                 the
                 Purgative
                 virtue
                 of
                 mixts
                 doth
                 consist
                 ,
                 to
                 give
                 it
                 a
                 right
                 explication
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 easily
                 conceived
                 that
                 these
                 effects
                 do
                 follow
                 the
                 Fermentation
                 that
                 the
                 Remedy
                 hath
                 caused
                 ,
                 but
                 no
                 body
                 can
                 find
                 what
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 makes
                 this
                 Remedy
                 be
                 Purgative
                 rather
                 than
                 several
                 others
                 ,
                 which
                 seem
                 to
                 have
                 as
                 great
                 a
                 disposition
                 as
                 this
                 to
                 cause
                 such
                 Fermentation
                 ;
                 wherefore
                 I
                 shall
                 not
                 pretend
                 to
                 clear
                 the
                 knowledge
                 of
                 this
                 Phaenomenon
                 .
                 I
                 shall
                 only
                 endeavour
                 to
                 give
                 some
                 reason
                 for
                 a
                 very
                 considerable
                 difficulty
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 to
                 know
                 how
                 Hydragogues
                 do
                 work
                 in
                 our
                 bodies
                 ,
                 and
                 why
                 they
                 rather
                 purge
                 water
                 than
                 other
                 humors
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 general
                 reason
                 that
                 may
                 be
                 given
                 of
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 all
                 
                   Hydragogue
                   Remedies
                
                 have
                 more
                 acrimony
                 than
                 other
                 Purgatives
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 they
                 are
                 better
                 able
                 to
                 open
                 the
                 Lymphatick
                 vessels
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 further
                 said
                 that
                 these
                 Remedies
                 do
                 so
                 cut
                 and
                 attenuate
                 the
                 Viscosities
                 which
                 are
                 found
                 in
                 bodies
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 make
                 them
                 be
                 like
                 water
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 difficulty
                 in
                 conceiving
                 this
                 last
                 reason
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 considered
                 ,
                 that
                 these
                 Remedies
                 which
                 do
                 purge
                 water
                 ,
                 are
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 Resinous
                 or
                 else
                 salts
                 ;
                 for
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 as
                 we
                 see
                 Sulphurs
                 ,
                 or
                 Liquified
                 salts
                 dissolve
                 Sulphureous
                 bodies
                 ,
                 so
                 do
                 Rosines
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 Sulphurs
                 and
                 salts
                 ,
                 dissolve
                 Viscosities
                 in
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 compounded
                 of
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 Sulphur
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 there
                 is
                 this
                 difference
                 between
                 the
                 effects
                 of
                 Salt
                 and
                 of
                 Rosines
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Salt
                 passing
                 quick
                 ,
                 and
                 making
                 but
                 little
                 impression
                 ,
                 doth
                 dissolve
                 
                 only
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 found
                 in
                 what
                 is
                 called
                 the
                 first
                 Region
                 of
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 wherefore
                 it
                 purges
                 but
                 mildly
                 ;
                 whereas
                 the
                 Rosine
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 its
                 viscous
                 ,
                 hooked
                 parts
                 ,
                 remains
                 a
                 longer
                 time
                 in
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 and
                 leasurely
                 causes
                 a
                 Fermentation
                 not
                 only
                 about
                 the
                 parts
                 where
                 it
                 immediately
                 works
                 ,
                 but
                 operates
                 on
                 the
                 brain
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 remote
                 places
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 it
                 forces
                 Phlegm
                 to
                 discharge
                 it self
                 into
                 the
                 Belly
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 is
                 that
                 which
                 causes
                 Rosinous
                 Hydragogues
                 to
                 purge
                 more
                 than
                 Salts
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             II.
             
               Of
               Rhubarb
            
             .
          
           
             RHubarb
             is
             a
             Purgative
             root
             ,
             brought
             from
             China
             .
             It
             takes
             its
             name
             from
             Barbary
             where
             it
             hath
             grown
             in
             abundance
             ;
             it
             is
             likewise
             called
             Rheum
             .
             The
             best
             sort
             is
             that
             which
             being
             broke
             appears
             of
             a
             Nutmeg
             colour
             within
             .
          
           
             
               Its
               virtues
               are
               so
               many
               and
               so
               great
               ,
               that
               if
               they
               were
               sufficiently
               known
               ,
               and
               men
               could
               generally
               use
               it
               without
               that
               nauseousness
               which
               too
               commonly
               attends
               it
               ,
               mankind
               would
               have
               infinitely
               less
               need
               ,
               than
               they
               have
               ,
               of
               the
               Art
               of
               Physick
               in
               most
               cases
               ,
               and
               men
               might
               perhaps
               preserve
               themselves
               from
               most
               diseases
               without
               any
               other
               help
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               Extract
               of
               Rhubarb
               .
            
             
               This
               Extract
               is
               a
               separation
               of
               the
               purer
               parts
               of
               Rhubarb
               ,
               from
               the
               terrestrious
               .
            
             
               Bruise
               six
               or
               eight
               ounces
               of
               good
               Rhubarb
               ,
               and
               steep
               it
               twelve
               hours
               warm
               in
               a
               sufficient
               quantity
               of
               Succory
               water
               ,
               so
               as
               the
               water
               may
               be
               four
               fingers
               above
               the
               Rhubarb
               ;
               let
               it
               just
               boil
               ,
               and
               pass
               the
               liquor
               through
               a
               cloth
               ;
               infuse
               the
               remainder
               in
               so
               much
               more
               Succory
               water
               ,
               as
               before
               ,
               then
               strain
               the
               Infusion
               ,
               and
               express
               it
               strongly
               :
               mix
               your
               Impregnations
               ,
               or
               Tinctures
               ,
               and
               let
               them
               settle
               ;
               filtrate
               them
               ,
               and
               evaporate
               the
               liquor
               in
               a
               glass
               vessel
               ,
               over
               a
               very
               gentle
               fire
               ,
               until
               there
               remains
               a
               matter
               that
               hath
               the
               consistence
               of
               thick
               honey
               ,
               this
               is
               called
               
                 Extract
                 of
                 Rhubarb
              
               ,
               keep
               it
               in
               a
               Pot.
               
            
             
               The
               dose
               is
               from
               ten
               grains
               to
               two
               Scruples
               in
               Pills
               ,
               or
               dissolved
               in
               Succory
               water
               for
               diseases
               of
               the
               Liver
               and
               Spleen
               ,
               it
               binds
               after
               the
               purgeing
               .
            
             
               The
               Extracts
               of
               Vegetables
               are
               made
               after
               the
               same
               manner
               ,
               except
               the
               Resinous
               ,
               whereof
               I
               have
               spoken
               .
               Likewise
               waters
               may
               be
               used
               for
               Menstruums
               ,
               that
               are
               appropriated
               to
               the
               virtue
               of
               the
               mixt
               ,
               whose
               Extract
               you
               intend
               to
               draw
               .
            
             
               When
               you
               draw
               the
               Extract
               of
               Aromaticks
               ,
               such
               as
               Roses
               ,
               and
               Cinnamon
               ,
               the
               liquor
               may
               be
               distilled
               rather
               than
               evaporated
               ,
               whereby
               you
               gain
               a
               fragrant
               water
               .
            
             
               
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 Though
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 Extract
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 very
                 general
                 in
                 Physick
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 confined
                 only
                 to
                 one
                 sort
                 of
                 Preparation
                 that
                 is
                 reduced
                 to
                 the
                 consistence
                 of
                 an
                 Electuary
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 nothing
                 else
                 but
                 a
                 Purification
                 that
                 is
                 made
                 to
                 cleanse
                 a
                 mixt
                 from
                 its
                 more
                 Terrestrious
                 parts
                 ,
                 that
                 being
                 more
                 open
                 and
                 free
                 it
                 may
                 work
                 with
                 the
                 greater
                 strength
                 .
                 Now
                 this
                 operation
                 is
                 good
                 for
                 mixts
                 that
                 are
                 not
                 Odoriferous
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 so
                 for
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 ;
                 for
                 by
                 evaporation
                 their
                 best
                 part
                 is
                 lost
                 which
                 consists
                 in
                 a
                 volatile
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 I
                 would
                 by
                 no
                 means
                 advise
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 Extract
                 of
                 Aromaticks
                 .
                 Nature
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 good
                 Artist
                 to
                 perform
                 this
                 Operation
                 within
                 our
                 bodies
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Principles
                 are
                 easie
                 to
                 separate
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 these
                 sorts
                 of
                 mixts
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 has
                 been
                 a
                 great
                 contest
                 among
                 Chymists
                 heretofore
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 of
                 the
                 Principles
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 the
                 Purgative
                 virtue
                 of
                 many
                 medicins
                 doth
                 consist
                 .
                 Some
                 have
                 maintained
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 in
                 the
                 Salt
                 ,
                 others
                 in
                 the
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 again
                 in
                 the
                 Mercury
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 every
                 party
                 had
                 very
                 diligently
                 separated
                 each
                 their
                 Principle
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 to
                 try
                 it
                 ,
                 they
                 found
                 after
                 all
                 ,
                 that
                 none
                 of
                 them
                 was
                 Purgative
                 ;
                 which
                 hath
                 perswaded
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 to
                 think
                 that
                 this
                 Purgative
                 principle
                 was
                 of
                 so
                 subtile
                 and
                 penetrating
                 a
                 nature
                 ,
                 that
                 glass
                 it self
                 was
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 preserve
                 it
                 from
                 being
                 lost
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 my
                 part
                 I
                 cannot
                 grant
                 any
                 such
                 indiscernable
                 Purgative
                 ,
                 &
                 I
                 rather
                 am
                 apt
                 to
                 believe
                 that
                 the
                 Purgative
                 virtue
                 of
                 a
                 mixt
                 consists
                 in
                 nothing
                 else
                 but
                 
                 such
                 a
                 different
                 mixture
                 of
                 Principles
                 as
                 is
                 requisite
                 to
                 produce
                 certain
                 Fermentations
                 in
                 our
                 bodies
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 when
                 once
                 we
                 separate
                 the
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 Mercury
                 ,
                 or
                 Salt
                 ,
                 the
                 position
                 of
                 parts
                 ,
                 or
                 proportion
                 of
                 Principles
                 being
                 changed
                 ,
                 there
                 remains
                 no
                 longer
                 any
                 Purgative
                 effect
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Principles
                 being
                 separated
                 can
                 no
                 more
                 produce
                 that
                 Fermentation
                 which
                 they
                 did
                 while
                 they
                 were
                 mixed
                 ,
                 and
                 united
                 together
                 some
                 kind
                 of
                 way
                 that
                 Art
                 is
                 ignorant
                 how
                 to
                 imitate
                 .
              
               
                 Perhaps
                 some
                 who
                 think
                 themselves
                 good
                 Criticks
                 will
                 say
                 this
                 Chapter
                 contradicts
                 the
                 former
                 ;
                 for
                 I
                 there
                 maintained
                 that
                 the
                 Rosine
                 of
                 Jalap
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 doth
                 contain
                 all
                 the
                 Purgative
                 virtue
                 of
                 Jalap
                 ;
                 but
                 though
                 I
                 did
                 call
                 the
                 Rosine
                 of
                 Jalap
                 a
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 I
                 did
                 not
                 mean
                 it
                 was
                 a
                 pure
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 substance
                 out
                 of
                 which
                 all
                 the
                 five
                 Principles
                 may
                 be
                 still
                 drawn
                 ;
                 but
                 by
                 reason
                 it
                 doth
                 contain
                 great
                 store
                 of
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 this
                 name
                 may
                 be
                 given
                 to
                 it
                 as
                 it
                 often
                 is
                 to
                 others
                 of
                 the
                 like
                 nature
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 thus
                 Salt
                 may
                 be
                 said
                 to
                 be
                 Purgative
                 too
                 ;
                 but
                 it
                 doth
                 not
                 follow
                 from
                 thence
                 that
                 the
                 Salt
                 alone
                 must
                 be
                 thought
                 to
                 contain
                 all
                 the
                 Purgative
                 virtue
                 of
                 mixt
                 bodies
                 ;
                 seeing
                 many
                 plants
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 
                   Guaiacum
                   ,
                   Box
                   ,
                   Carduus
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Wormwood
                 ,
                 do
                 contain
                 as
                 much
                 ,
                 or
                 more
                 Salt
                 ,
                 than
                 Senna
                 ,
                 and
                 Rhubarb
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 nevertheless
                 do
                 not
                 purge
                 at
                 all
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             III.
             
               Of
               the
               Wood
            
             Guaiacum
             .
          
           
             GVaiacum
             called
             
               Lignum
               Sanctum
            
             is
             the
             Wood
             of
             a
             large
             Tree
             that
             grows
             in
             a
             great
             many
             places
             in
             the
             
               West
               Indies
            
             .
             It
             is
             likewise
             cultivated
             here
             in
             Europe
             ,
             in
             Languedoc
             is
             good
             store
             ,
             but
             that
             which
             is
             brought
             out
             of
             the
             hot
             Countries
             is
             best
             esteemed
             ;
             this
             Wood
             is
             very
             much
             in
             use
             in
             Sudorifick
             Decoctions
             ;
             the
             Bark
             is
             also
             used
             ,
             and
             the
             Gum
             that
             runs
             from
             it
             :
             the
             best
             Guaiacum
             is
             that
             which
             is
             most
             compact
             .
          
           
             
               Distillation
               of
               Guaiacum
               .
            
             
               This
               operation
               is
               a
               separation
               of
               the
               liquid
               parts
               of
               Guaiacum
               ,
               from
               its
               terrestrious
               matter
               .
            
             
               Take
               the
               shavings
               of
               Guaiacum
               ,
               fill
               a
               large
               Retort
               with
               them
               three
               quarters
               full
               ,
               place
               it
               in
               a
               Reverberatory
               Furnace
               ,
               and
               joyn
               to
               it
               a
               great
               capacious
               Receiver
               .
               Begin
               the
               distillation
               with
               a
               fire
               of
               the
               first
               degree
               ,
               to
               warm
               the
               Retort
               gently
               ,
               and
               to
               distil
               the
               water
               ,
               which
               is
               called
               Phlegm
               ;
               continue
               it
               in
               this
               condition
               ,
               until
               there
               come
               no
               more
               drops
               ,
               which
               is
               a
               sign
               that
               all
               the
               Phlegm
               is
               distilled
               .
               Throw
               away
               that
               which
               you
               find
               in
               the
               Receiver
               ,
               and
               fitting
               it
               again
               to
               the
               neck
               of
               the
               Retort
               ,
               lute
               well
               the
               junctures
               .
               You
               must
               afterwards
               
               encrease
               the
               fire
               by
               degrees
               ,
               and
               the
               Spirits
               ,
               and
               Oyl
               will
               come
               forth
               in
               white
               clouds
               ;
               continue
               the
               fire
               until
               there
               comes
               no
               more
               ,
               let
               the
               vessels
               cool
               ,
               and
               unlute
               them
               ,
               pour
               that
               which
               is
               in
               the
               Receiver
               into
               a
               Tunnel
               lined
               with
               brown
               paper
               ,
               set
               upon
               a
               bottle
               ,
               or
               some
               other
               vessel
               ,
               the
               Spirit
               will
               pass
               through
               ,
               and
               leave
               the
               black
               ,
               thick
               ,
               and
               very
               fetid
               Oil
               ,
               in
               the
               Tunnel
               ;
               pour
               it
               into
               a
               viol
               ,
               and
               keep
               it
               for
               use
               ;
               it
               is
               an
               excellent
               Remedy
               for
               rottenness
               of
               bones
               ,
               for
               the
               Tooth-ach
               ,
               and
               to
               cleanse
               old
               Ulcers
               .
               It
               may
               be
               rectified
               as
               I
               said
               of
               the
               Oil
               of
               Ambar
               ,
               and
               may
               be
               used
               inwardly
               in
               the
               Epilepsie
               ,
               Palsie
               ,
               and
               to
               drive
               forth
               the
               after-birth
               :
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               two
               drops
               to
               six
               .
            
             
               The
               Spirit
               of
               Guaiacum
               may
               be
               rectified
               by
               distilling
               it
               by
               an
               Alembeck
               ,
               for
               to
               separate
               a
               little
               impurity
               that
               might
               have
               passed
               with
               it
               ;
               it
               works
               by
               perspiration
               ,
               and
               by
               Urine
               :
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               half
               a
               drachm
               to
               a
               drachm
               and
               a
               half
               .
               It
               is
               likewise
               used
               mixt
               with
               the
               water
               of
               honey
               ,
               to
               cleanse
               inveterate
               Ulcers
               .
            
             
               You
               'l
               find
               in
               the
               Retort
               the
               coals
               of
               Guaiacum
               ,
               which
               you
               may
               turn
               into
               ashes
               by
               putting
               fire
               to
               them
               ,
               which
               they
               will
               sooner
               take
               than
               other
               coals
               :
               Calcine
               these
               ashes
               some
               hours
               in
               a
               Potters
               furnace
               ,
               then
               make
               a
               Lixivium
               of
               them
               with
               water
               ,
               which
               being
               filtred
               ,
               evaporate
               it
               in
               a
               glass
               or
               earthen
               vessel
               in
               sand
               ;
               there
               will
               remain
               the
               Salt
               of
               Guaiacum
               ,
               which
               you
               may
               make
               white
               by
               Calcining
               it
               in
               a
               Crucible
               in
               a
               strong
               fire
               .
               This
               Salt
               is
               Aperitive
               ,
               and
               Sudorifick
               ;
               it
               may
               serve
               as
               all
               other
               Alkalis
               to
               draw
               the
               Tincture
               of
               Vegetables
               :
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               ten
               grains
               to
               half
               a
               drachm
               in
               some
               convenient
               liquor
               .
            
             
             
               The
               earth
               ,
               called
               
                 Caput
                 Mortuum
              
               ,
               is
               good
               for
               nothing
               .
            
             
               After
               this
               manner
               the
               five
               substances
               of
               all
               Vegetables
               may
               be
               drawn
               ;
               but
               because
               the
               fire
               doth
               give
               them
               a
               loathsome
               Empyreumatical
               smell
               ,
               other
               ways
               have
               been
               invented
               to
               draw
               the
               Oil
               of
               Aromaticks
               :
               I
               shall
               describe
               them
               in
               the
               sequel
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 During
                 the
                 distillation
                 of
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 not
                 make
                 the
                 fire
                 too
                 strong
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 coming
                 forth
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 violence
                 ,
                 would
                 else
                 be
                 apt
                 to
                 break
                 either
                 the
                 Retort
                 or
                 the
                 Receiver
                 .
              
               
                 Though
                 the
                 Guaiacum
                 that
                 is
                 used
                 be
                 a
                 very
                 dry
                 body
                 ,
                 yet
                 abundance
                 of
                 liquor
                 is
                 drawn
                 from
                 it
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 you
                 put
                 into
                 the
                 Retort
                 four
                 pounds
                 of
                 this
                 Wood
                 ,
                 at
                 sixteen
                 ounces
                 to
                 the
                 pound
                 ,
                 you
                 'l
                 draw
                 nine
                 and
                 thirty
                 ounces
                 of
                 Spirit
                 and
                 Phlegm
                 ,
                 and
                 five
                 ounces
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 of
                 Oil
                 ;
                 there
                 will
                 remain
                 in
                 the
                 Retort
                 nineteen
                 ounces
                 of
                 coals
                 ,
                 from
                 which
                 you
                 may
                 draw
                 half
                 an
                 ounce
                 or
                 six
                 drachms
                 of
                 an
                 Alkali
                 salt
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Oil
                 of
                 Guaiacum
                 is
                 acrimonious
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Salts
                 it
                 has
                 carried
                 along
                 with
                 it
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 gravity
                 of
                 these
                 salts
                 that
                 does
                 precipitate
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 bottom
                 of
                 the
                 water
                 .
                 The
                 Oil
                 of
                 Box
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 others
                 that
                 are
                 drawn
                 this
                 same
                 way
                 ,
                 do
                 the
                 like
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 sorts
                 of
                 Oil
                 are
                 good
                 for
                 the
                 Tooth-ach
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 stop
                 the
                 nerve
                 with
                 their
                 ramous
                 parts
                 ,
                 hindring
                 thereby
                 the
                 air
                 from
                 entring
                 .
                 Moreover
                 by
                 means
                 of
                 the
                 acrimonious
                 salts
                 which
                 they
                 contain
                 they
                 do
                 dissipate
                 a
                 phlegm
                 which
                 uses
                 
                 to
                 get
                 within
                 the
                 gum
                 ,
                 and
                 causes
                 the
                 pain
                 ,
                 but
                 yet
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 their
                 fetid
                 smell
                 men
                 have
                 much
                 ado
                 to
                 take
                 them
                 into
                 their
                 mouth
                 .
              
               
                 That
                 which
                 is
                 called
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Guaiacum
                 is
                 nothing
                 but
                 a
                 dissolution
                 of
                 the
                 Essential
                 salt
                 of
                 the
                 Plant
                 in
                 a
                 little
                 phlegm
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 fixt
                 salt
                 is
                 an
                 Alkali
                 that
                 works
                 much
                 like
                 others
                 of
                 that
                 kind
                 ,
                 nevertheless
                 it
                 is
                 very
                 probable
                 that
                 the
                 fixt
                 salts
                 of
                 Vegetables
                 ,
                 let
                 them
                 be
                 never
                 so
                 much
                 Calcined
                 ,
                 do
                 always
                 retain
                 some
                 particular
                 virtue
                 of
                 the
                 Plant
                 they
                 were
                 drawn
                 from
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 one
                 would
                 take
                 the
                 pains
                 to
                 Calcine
                 the
                 earth
                 that
                 remains
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 obtain
                 a
                 salt
                 ,
                 though
                 but
                 very
                 little
                 of
                 it
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             IV.
             
               Of
               Paper
            
             .
          
           
             THE
             Papyrus
             of
             the
             Antients
             ,
             which
             gave
             the
             name
             to
             our
             PAPER
             ,
             was
             a
             tree
             growing
             in
             Aegypt
             near
             the
             river
             Nilus
             .
             The
             bark
             of
             this
             tree
             was
             prepared
             ,
             and
             men
             did
             write
             upon
             it
             ,
             but
             our
             Paper
             is
             made
             of
             old
             rags
             or
             clouts
             ,
             which
             are
             beaten
             exceeding
             fine
             in
             Paper-mills
             ,
             and
             then
             put
             into
             the
             press
             in
             order
             to
             make
             Paper
             with
             them
             .
          
           
             This
             Paper
             has
             some
             use
             in
             Physick
             ;
             pieces
             of
             it
             are
             lighted
             in
             a
             room
             ,
             and
             Hysterical
             women
             are
             
             made
             to
             receive
             the
             fume
             of
             it
             ;
             they
             are
             commonly
             relieved
             with
             this
             disagreeable
             smell
             ,
             as
             by
             many
             others
             of
             the
             like
             nature
             .
          
           
             
               Oil
               and
               Spirit
               of
               Paper
               .
            
             
               Fold
               white
               paper
               into
               little
               pellets
               and
               fill
               a
               great
               earthen
               Retort
               ,
               or
               glass
               one
               luted
               ,
               with
               them
               ,
               place
               your
               Retort
               in
               a
               Reverberatory
               furnace
               .
               Fit
               to
               it
               a
               large
               capacious
               Receiver
               ,
               lute
               well
               the
               junctures
               ,
               give
               it
               a
               very
               little
               fire
               for
               two
               hours
               only
               to
               heat
               the
               Retort
               ;
               increase
               it
               with
               two
               or
               three
               coals
               ,
               and
               continue
               it
               so
               for
               two
               or
               three
               hours
               ,
               then
               quicken
               it
               to
               the
               third
               degree
               .
               The
               Receiver
               will
               be
               filled
               with
               white
               clouds
               ,
               put
               out
               the
               fire
               ,
               when
               no
               more
               will
               come
               forth
               ,
               the
               operation
               will
               be
               ended
               in
               seven
               or
               eight
               hours
               .
               When
               the
               vessels
               are
               cold
               ,
               unlute
               them
               ,
               pour
               what
               you
               find
               in
               the
               Receiver
               into
               a
               Tunnel
               lined
               with
               a
               coffin
               of
               brown
               paper
               ,
               the
               Spirit
               will
               pass
               through
               the
               filter
               ,
               and
               a
               thick
               ,
               black
               ,
               and
               ill-scented
               oil
               will
               remain
               within
               it
               ,
               keep
               the
               oil
               for
               use
               in
               a
               Viol.
               
            
             
               It
               is
               a
               very
               good
               remedy
               in
               deafness
               ,
               some
               drops
               of
               it
               are
               put
               into
               the
               ear
               with
               a
               little
               cotton
               ,
               from
               time
               to
               time
               ,
               it
               quiets
               the
               noise
               of
               the
               ear
               ;
               it
               is
               also
               good
               for
               Tettars
               and
               for
               the
               Itch
               ,
               the
               parts
               being
               anointed
               a
               little
               with
               it
               ;
               it
               cures
               the
               tooth-ach
               ,
               much
               like
               the
               Oil
               of
               Guaiacum
               ;
               it
               is
               good
               likewise
               to
               repress
               hysterical
               vapours
               ,
               women
               so
               affected
               are
               to
               smell
               to
               it
               .
            
             
               You
               must
               rectifie
               the
               Spirit
               ,
               by
               distilling
               it
               in
               sand
               .
               It
               is
               an
               Aperitive
               ,
               and
               may
               be
               given
               where
               
               there
               is
               occasion
               for
               a
               diuretick
               ,
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               six
               drops
               to
               twenty
               in
               some
               proper
               liquor
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Vitriol
                 and
                 other
                 drogues
                 which
                 are
                 in
                 Ink
                 might
                 alter
                 the
                 virtue
                 of
                 the
                 Oil
                 and
                 Spirit
                 of
                 paper
                 ;
                 wherefore
                 it
                 is
                 better
                 to
                 use
                 clean
                 ,
                 than
                 written
                 paper
                 .
                 The
                 receiver
                 must
                 be
                 large
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 give
                 room
                 to
                 the
                 vapours
                 to
                 circulate
                 in
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 come
                 forth
                 with
                 that
                 force
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 break
                 the
                 vessel
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 not
                 room
                 enough
                 to
                 play
                 in
                 ;
                 you
                 must
                 manage
                 the
                 fire
                 with
                 prudence
                 ,
                 for
                 if
                 you
                 make
                 it
                 too
                 great
                 the
                 first
                 hours
                 ,
                 the
                 Spirits
                 will
                 break
                 the
                 Retort
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 have
                 used
                 in
                 this
                 operation
                 four
                 and
                 twenty
                 ounces
                 of
                 paper
                 ,
                 you
                 will
                 draw
                 two
                 ounces
                 and
                 two
                 drachms
                 of
                 Oil
                 ,
                 and
                 thirteen
                 ounces
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 of
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 there
                 will
                 remain
                 in
                 the
                 Retort
                 seven
                 ounces
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 of
                 coals
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Oil
                 does
                 not
                 pass
                 with
                 the
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 through
                 the
                 coffin
                 in
                 the
                 tunnel
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 is
                 too
                 thick
                 ,
                 its
                 black
                 colour
                 ,
                 and
                 its
                 ill
                 smell
                 ,
                 do
                 come
                 from
                 the
                 fire
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 good
                 for
                 deafness
                 ,
                 because
                 that
                 disease
                 is
                 often
                 caused
                 by
                 a
                 thick
                 or
                 phlegmatick
                 humor
                 which
                 dries
                 and
                 hardens
                 in
                 the
                 ear
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 stop
                 the
                 auditory
                 nerve
                 .
                 Now
                 this
                 Oil
                 dissolves
                 and
                 rarefies
                 this
                 humor
                 ,
                 and
                 disposes
                 it
                 the
                 better
                 to
                 come
                 out
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 is
                 the
                 reason
                 that
                 it
                 dissipates
                 the
                 noises
                 in
                 the
                 ears
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 were
                 caused
                 by
                 winds
                 which
                 this
                 humor
                 had
                 shut
                 in
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 Spirit
                 is
                 very
                 acid
                 in
                 comparison
                 with
                 other
                 Spirits
                 of
                 Vegetables
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 comes
                 from
                 an
                 essential
                 salt
                 which
                 has
                 been
                 put
                 into
                 a
                 very
                 considerable
                 motion
                 .
                 Again
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 probable
                 that
                 by
                 the
                 many
                 different
                 forms
                 which
                 the
                 flax
                 ,
                 and
                 canvas
                 have
                 received
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 make
                 cloth
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 Paper
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 fermentations
                 which
                 they
                 may
                 have
                 received
                 ,
                 their
                 fixed
                 salt
                 may
                 be
                 volatilized
                 ,
                 and
                 become
                 of
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 called
                 Essential
                 .
                 Now
                 in
                 the
                 distillation
                 all
                 this
                 salt
                 has
                 been
                 dissolved
                 into
                 a
                 liquor
                 by
                 the
                 phlegm
                 ,
                 and
                 turned
                 into
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 called
                 Spirit
                 ;
                 that
                 which
                 confirms
                 me
                 in
                 this
                 sentiment
                 is
                 that
                 there
                 can
                 be
                 hardly
                 any
                 fixed
                 salt
                 at
                 all
                 drawn
                 from
                 the
                 coal
                 which
                 remains
                 in
                 the
                 Retort
                 ,
                 wherefore
                 the
                 coal
                 is
                 thrown
                 away
                 as
                 useless
                 ,
                 it
                 takes
                 fire
                 exceeding
                 easily
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 a
                 light
                 soot
                 that
                 is
                 fallen
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 gave
                 it
                 the
                 black
                 colour
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             V.
             
               Of
               Cinnamon
            
             .
          
           
             CInnamon
             is
             the
             Bark
             of
             a
             Tree
             as
             large
             as
             an
             Olive
             Tree
             ,
             it
             grows
             in
             the
             East-Indies
             ,
             and
             is
             much
             like
             that
             which
             the
             
               Cassia
               Lignea
            
             is
             taken
             from
             ,
             but
             it
             is
             not
             the
             very
             same
             ,
             as
             some
             will
             needs
             think
             ;
             the
             best
             Cinnamon
             is
             that
             which
             has
             the
             strongest
             smell
             ,
             is
             quick
             upon
             the
             taste
             ,
             and
             of
             a
             reddish
             colour
             .
          
           
           
             The
             
               Cassia
               Lignea
            
             differs
             from
             Cinnamon
             ,
             in
             that
             it
             is
             not
             so
             biting
             to
             the
             taste
             ,
             smells
             not
             so
             strong
             ,
             and
             becomes
             mucilaginous
             in
             the
             mouth
             when
             it
             is
             chewed
             ,
             which
             Cinnamon
             doth
             not
             do
             .
          
           
             Both
             Cinnamon
             ,
             and
             
               Cassia
               Lignea
            
             are
             good
             to
             fortifie
             the
             stomach
             ,
             to
             help
             perspiration
             of
             gross
             humors
             ,
             to
             strengthen
             and
             rejoice
             the
             heart
             ,
             and
             in
             hysterical
             cases
             .
          
           
             
               Oil
               ,
               or
               Essence
               of
               Cinnamon
               ,
               and
               its
               Aethereal
               water
               .
            
             
               Bruise
               four
               pounds
               of
               good
               Cinnamon
               ,
               and
               infuse
               it
               in
               six
               quarts
               of
               hot
               water
               ,
               leave
               it
               in
               digestion
               in
               an
               earthen
               vessel
               well
               stopt
               two
               days
               :
               pour
               the
               Infusion
               into
               a
               large
               Copper
               Limbeck
               ,
               and
               fitting
               a
               Receiver
               to
               it
               ,
               and
               luting
               close
               the
               junctures
               with
               a
               wet
               bladder
               ,
               distil
               with
               a
               pretty
               good
               fire
               three
               or
               four
               pints
               of
               the
               liquor
               ,
               then
               unlute
               the
               Limbeck
               ,
               and
               pour
               into
               it
               by
               Inclination
               the
               distilled
               water
               ,
               you
               'l
               find
               at
               bottom
               a
               little
               oil
               which
               you
               must
               pour
               into
               a
               Viol
               ,
               and
               stop
               it
               close
               .
               Distil
               the
               liquor
               as
               before
               ,
               then
               returning
               the
               water
               into
               the
               Limbeck
               ,
               take
               the
               Oil
               you
               find
               at
               bottom
               of
               the
               Receiver
               ,
               and
               mix
               it
               with
               the
               first
               :
               Repeat
               this
               Cohobation
               until
               there
               rises
               no
               more
               Oil
               ;
               then
               take
               away
               the
               fire
               ,
               and
               distil
               the
               water
               that
               remains
               in
               the
               Receiver
               ,
               the
               same
               way
               I
               shall
               shew
               hereafter
               to
               rectifie
               Spirit
               of
               wine
               ,
               you
               'l
               have
               an
               excellent
               spirituous
               Cinnamon
               water
               .
            
             
             
               The
               Oil
               of
               Cinnamon
               is
               an
               admirable
               Corroborative
               ;
               it
               strengthens
               the
               stomach
               ,
               and
               assists
               nature
               in
               her
               evacuations
               .
               It
               is
               given
               to
               make
               women
               have
               an
               easie
               delivery
               ,
               and
               to
               bring
               their
               Terms
               ;
               it
               likewise
               encreases
               Seed
               ;
               a
               drop
               of
               it
               is
               commonly
               mixed
               in
               a
               little
               Sugar-Candy
               to
               make
               the
               Eleo-saccharum
               ,
               which
               is
               easily
               dissolved
               in
               Cordial
               ,
               or
               Hysterical
               waters
               .
            
             
               The
               spirituous
               water
               of
               Cinnamon
               hath
               the
               same
               virtues
               ,
               but
               two
               or
               three
               drachms
               are
               requisite
               for
               a
               dose
               .
            
             
               After
               this
               manner
               almost
               all
               the
               Oils
               of
               Odoriferous
               Vegetables
               may
               be
               drawn
               ,
               such
               as
               those
               of
               Box
               ,
               Roses
               ,
               Rosemary
               ,
               Lavender
               ,
               Juniper
               ,
               Cloves
               ,
               and
               Anis-seed
               ,
               which
               do
               either
               swim
               above
               the
               water
               ,
               or
               fall
               to
               the
               bottom
               ,
               according
               as
               they
               are
               more
               or
               less
               loaded
               with
               Salts
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 must
                 make
                 the
                 fire
                 strong
                 enough
                 ,
                 for
                 if
                 there
                 be
                 not
                 a
                 sufficient
                 heat
                 ,
                 the
                 Oil
                 will
                 not
                 rise
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Cohobation
                 serves
                 to
                 open
                 the
                 Body
                 the
                 more
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Oil
                 may
                 compleat
                 its
                 separation
                 .
              
               
                 Cinnamon
                 yields
                 less
                 Oil
                 than
                 other
                 woods
                 ,
                 or
                 Barks
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 very
                 difficult
                 to
                 draw
                 six
                 drachms
                 of
                 it
                 out
                 of
                 four
                 pounds
                 ,
                 let
                 it
                 be
                 never
                 so
                 good
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Spirituous
                 water
                 of
                 Cinnamon
                 is
                 nothing
                 but
                 a
                 rarefied
                 Oil
                 ,
                 whose
                 parts
                 are
                 separated
                 in
                 the
                 water
                 by
                 Fermentation
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 they
                 become
                 imperceptible
                 :
                 they
                 do
                 make
                 what
                 is
                 called
                 a
                 volatile
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 which
                 easily
                 mixes
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 liquors
                 ,
                 as
                 doth
                 the
                 Eleo-saccharum
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Eleo-saccharum
                 
                 is
                 properly
                 an
                 Oil
                 ,
                 whose
                 parts
                 being
                 separated
                 in
                 the
                 Sugar
                 ,
                 do
                 easily
                 mix
                 in
                 waters
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Tincture
               of
               Cinnamon
               .
            
             
               This
               operation
               is
               an
               exaltation
               of
               the
               more
               oily
               parts
               of
               Cinnamon
               in
               Spirit
               of
               wine
               .
            
             
               Take
               what
               quantity
               of
               bruised
               Cinnamon
               you
               please
               ,
               put
               it
               into
               a
               Matrass
               ,
               and
               pour
               upon
               it
               Spirit
               of
               wine
               one
               finger
               above
               it
               ;
               stop
               your
               matrass
               close
               ,
               and
               set
               it
               in
               Digestion
               in
               horse-dung
               four
               or
               five
               days
               ,
               the
               Spirit
               of
               wine
               will
               be
               impregnated
               with
               the
               
                 Tincture
                 of
                 Cinnamon
              
               ,
               and
               become
               red
               ;
               separate
               it
               from
               the
               Cinnamon
               ,
               and
               after
               it
               is
               filtrated
               ,
               keep
               this
               Tincture
               in
               a
               viol
               well
               stopt
               ;
               it
               is
               an
               admirable
               Cardiack
               ,
               it
               fortifies
               the
               stomach
               ,
               and
               rejoices
               all
               the
               vital
               parts
               :
               it
               may
               be
               used
               like
               Cinnamon
               water
               ,
               in
               a
               little
               smaller
               dose
               .
            
             
               After
               this
               manner
               the
               Tincture
               of
               all
               Odoriferous
               Vegetables
               may
               be
               drawn
               .
            
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             VI.
             
               Of
               the
               Bark
               of
               Peru.
            
             
          
           
             THE
             
               Peruvian
               Bark
            
             ,
             called
             Quinquina
             ,
             or
             
               Kina
               Kina
            
             by
             the
             French
             ,
             is
             a
             Bark
             that
             has
             been
             brought
             into
             these
             parts
             ,
             some
             years
             since
             ,
             from
             Peru
             ;
             it
             retains
             the
             name
             of
             the
             Tree
             from
             which
             it
             is
             taken
             ,
             the
             Spaniards
             do
             call
             it
             
               Palo
               de
               Calenturas
            
             ,
             or
             the
             wood
             against
             Feavers
             .
             There
             are
             two
             kinds
             of
             this
             Tree
             ,
             the
             one
             is
             cultivated
             ,
             and
             the
             other
             grows
             wild
             ,
             the
             cultivated
             is
             much
             better
             than
             the
             other
             ;
             you
             must
             choose
             it
             of
             a
             compact
             substance
             ,
             bitter
             to
             the
             taste
             ,
             and
             of
             a
             reddish
             colour
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             the
             most
             certain
             remedy
             that
             ever
             yet
             was
             known
             ,
             to
             hinder
             the
             fits
             of
             Agues
             .
             The
             manner
             of
             using
             it
             for
             a
             great
             while
             past
             has
             been
             to
             give
             the
             patient
             the
             powder
             from
             half
             a
             drachm
             to
             two
             drachms
             ,
             with
             a
             little
             white-wine
             ,
             at
             the
             coming
             of
             the
             fit
             .
             But
             this
             method
             has
             been
             quite
             changed
             in
             our
             days
             ,
             for
             at
             present
             we
             do
             infuse
             an
             ounce
             of
             the
             powder
             in
             two
             quarts
             of
             wine
             ,
             eight
             and
             forty
             hours
             ,
             in
             a
             Balneum
             ;
             the
             infusion
             is
             then
             strained
             ,
             and
             the
             patient
             is
             made
             to
             drink
             every
             day
             three
             or
             four
             little
             glasses
             of
             it
             ,
             at
             some
             distance
             from
             the
             Paroxysm
             .
             The
             use
             of
             this
             remedy
             is
             continued
             a
             fortnight
             at
             least
             .
          
           
             Some
             do
             frequently
             add
             to
             the
             infusion
             of
             this
             Bark
             ,
             the
             lesser
             Centaury
             ,
             Wormwood
             ,
             Chervil
             ,
             
             Juniper-berries
             ,
             the
             bark
             of
             the
             Alder-tree
             ,
             Sassafras
             ,
             Salt
             of
             Tartar
             ,
             and
             divers
             other
             ingredients
             ,
             thought
             to
             be
             Febrifuges
             .
             But
             the
             basis
             of
             all
             is
             the
             
               Bark
               of
               Peru
            
             ,
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             ingredients
             do
             no
             great
             good
             .
             Some
             do
             likewise
             mix
             with
             it
             a
             little
             Opium
             ,
             but
             that
             ought
             not
             to
             be
             done
             without
             a
             great
             deal
             of
             precaution
             .
          
           
             You
             must
             observe
             to
             purge
             your
             patient
             well
             before
             you
             give
             him
             the
             Bark
             ,
             because
             this
             remedy
             shuts
             up
             the
             humors
             for
             some
             time
             ,
             and
             when
             they
             come
             to
             ferment
             a-new
             ,
             they
             do
             sometimes
             cause
             more
             dangerous
             maladies
             than
             he
             had
             before
             ,
             such
             as
             Asthma's
             ,
             dropsies
             ,
             rheumatisms
             ,
             dysenteries
             ,
             suppression
             of
             the
             menses
             in
             women
             ,
             and
             many
             others
             which
             have
             too
             too
             often
             succeeded
             Cures
             by
             this
             Bark
             .
             For
             which
             reason
             many
             diseased
             persons
             have
             again
             wished
             for
             their
             Ague
             that
             were
             cured
             by
             this
             remedy
             .
          
           
             The
             Bark
             is
             likewise
             very
             ill
             for
             those
             who
             have
             any
             Abscess
             in
             their
             body
             ,
             for
             it
             fixes
             and
             hardens
             the
             humor
             for
             some
             time
             ,
             which
             afterwards
             ferments
             and
             causes
             a
             gangrene
             in
             the
             part
             .
             You
             must
             forbear
             the
             use
             of
             Milk
             ,
             and
             aliments
             of
             that
             nature
             ,
             when
             you
             take
             this
             remedy
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             their
             cheesie
             part
             ,
             which
             would
             lie
             heavy
             upon
             the
             stomach
             ,
             and
             be
             apt
             to
             corrupt
             in
             the
             vessels
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             probable
             that
             the
             Bark
             does
             check
             the
             humor
             of
             the
             Feaver
             ,
             much
             after
             the
             manner
             as
             an
             Alkali
             does
             stop
             the
             motion
             of
             an
             acid
             salt
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             it
             unites
             with
             it
             ,
             and
             makes
             together
             a
             kind
             of
             Coagulum
             ;
             this
             humor
             does
             commonly
             remain
             quiet
             a
             fortnight
             ,
             and
             the
             person
             cured
             does
             find
             himself
             a
             little
             swelled
             and
             heavy
             ,
             especially
             if
             he
             were
             not
             purged
             ,
             before
             he
             took
             it
             .
             
             Afterwards
             the
             Ague
             returns
             because
             the
             feaverish
             humor
             having
             been
             agitated
             by
             the
             Spirits
             ,
             or
             else
             being
             joyned
             with
             other
             humors
             of
             the
             same
             nature
             ,
             which
             have
             been
             preparing
             in
             the
             body
             during
             the
             fornights
             respite
             ,
             it
             gets
             quit
             from
             the
             Bark
             ,
             and
             ferments
             as
             it
             did
             before
             .
          
           
             But
             sometimes
             ,
             and
             that
             especially
             when
             the
             body
             of
             one
             in
             an
             Ague
             has
             been
             well
             cleansed
             ,
             if
             you
             should
             persist
             in
             continuing
             the
             use
             of
             the
             Bark
             ,
             you
             will
             so
             fix
             the
             humor
             that
             you
             will
             dispose
             it
             to
             precipitate
             and
             be
             evacuated
             ,
             either
             by
             stool
             ,
             or
             urine
             ,
             or
             by
             insensible
             perspiration
             ,
             and
             the
             Ague
             returns
             no
             more
             ,
             for
             the
             Spirits
             in
             our
             body
             do
             by
             their
             motion
             push
             outwards
             ,
             as
             much
             as
             they
             are
             able
             ,
             whatsoever
             molests
             the
             oeconomy
             of
             the
             parts
             .
          
           
             
               Tincture
               of
               the
               Peruvian
               Bark
               .
            
             
               This
               Operation
               is
               an
               extraction
               of
               the
               more
               oily
               ,
               and
               separable
               parts
               of
               the
               Bark
               by
               Spirit
               of
               wine
               .
            
             
               Put
               into
               a
               Bolt-head
               four
               ounces
               of
               good
               
                 Peruvian
                 Bark
              
               grosly
               powdered
               ,
               pour
               upon
               it
               Spirit
               of
               wine
               four
               fingers
               height
               above
               the
               matter
               ,
               fit
               to
               it
               another
               matrass
               in
               order
               to
               make
               a
               double
               vessel
               ,
               lute
               well
               the
               junctures
               ,
               and
               place
               your
               vessel
               to
               digest
               in
               horse-dung
               ,
               or
               in
               a
               vaporous
               Bath
               ,
               four
               days
               :
               stir
               it
               from
               time
               to
               time
               ,
               the
               Spirit
               of
               wine
               will
               load
               it self
               with
               a
               red
               colour
               ,
               unlute
               the
               vessels
               ,
               filtrate
               the
               Tincture
               through
               brown
               paper
               ,
               and
               keep
               it
               in
               a
               viol
               well
               stopt
               .
            
             
             
               It
               is
               a
               Febrifuge
               to
               be
               given
               in
               Agues
               ,
               three
               or
               four
               times
               a
               day
               ,
               at
               a
               distance
               from
               the
               fitt
               ,
               and
               to
               be
               continued
               for
               a
               fortnight
               ;
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               ten
               drops
               to
               a
               drachm
               in
               some
               proper
               liquor
               ,
               such
               as
               Centaury
               water
               ,
               or
               Juniper
               ,
               or
               Wormwood
               water
               ,
               or
               wine
               .
            
             
               If
               you
               put
               new
               Spirit
               of
               wine
               to
               the
               matter
               which
               remains
               in
               the
               matrass
               ,
               and
               set
               it
               in
               digestion
               as
               before
               ,
               you
               will
               draw
               more
               Tincture
               ,
               but
               it
               will
               not
               be
               so
               strong
               as
               the
               other
               ,
               wherefore
               you
               must
               give
               it
               in
               a
               little
               larger
               dose
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Tincture
                 works
                 like
                 the
                 Infusion
                 I
                 now
                 spoke
                 of
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 more
                 convenient
                 preparation
                 than
                 the
                 other
                 in
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 can
                 keep
                 as
                 long
                 as
                 you
                 will
                 ,
                 whereas
                 the
                 other
                 does
                 sowr
                 in
                 a
                 little
                 time
                 .
                 Again
                 those
                 who
                 do
                 not
                 love
                 wine
                 will
                 like
                 it
                 better
                 ;
                 but
                 I
                 should
                 prefer
                 the
                 Infusion
                 before
                 the
                 Tincture
                 ,
                 because
                 wine
                 is
                 a
                 more
                 proper
                 menstruum
                 wherewith
                 to
                 draw
                 the
                 saline
                 and
                 sulphureous
                 substance
                 of
                 a
                 mixt
                 ,
                 then
                 Spirit
                 of
                 wine
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 may
                 steep
                 a
                 few
                 Coriander
                 seeds
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 little
                 Cinnamon
                 in
                 the
                 wine
                 or
                 water
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 it
                 is
                 strained
                 off
                 dissolve
                 some
                 sugar
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 this
                 you
                 may
                 mix
                 the
                 Tincture
                 of
                 the
                 Bark
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 make
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 
                   Febrifugous
                   Rossoli
                
                 ,
                 which
                 Infants
                 may
                 be
                 easily
                 made
                 to
                 take
                 of
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               Extract
               of
               Peruvian
               Bark
               .
            
             
               This
               Operation
               is
               a
               separation
               of
               the
               more
               substantial
               parts
               of
               the
               Bark
               .
            
             
               Put
               to
               infuse
               warm
               four
               and
               twenty
               hours
               eight
               ounces
               of
               
                 Peruvian
                 Bark
              
               in
               a
               sufficient
               quantity
               of
               distilled
               water
               of
               Nuts
               ;
               afterwards
               boil
               the
               Infusion
               gently
               and
               strain
               it
               ,
               make
               a
               strong
               expression
               of
               the
               residence
               ,
               put
               it
               to
               infuse
               in
               new
               water
               of
               Nuts
               ,
               boil
               and
               strain
               it
               as
               before
               ,
               mix
               together
               what
               you
               have
               strained
               ,
               and
               let
               them
               settle
               ;
               decant
               the
               clear
               liquor
               ,
               and
               evaporate
               it
               in
               a
               glass
               or
               earthen
               vessel
               ,
               set
               in
               a
               sand-heat
               ,
               unto
               the
               consistence
               of
               thick
               honey
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               a
               Febrifuge
               that
               has
               the
               same
               virtues
               as
               the
               former
               ,
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               twelve
               grains
               to
               half
               a
               drachm
               ,
               in
               Pills
               ,
               or
               dissolved
               in
               wine
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Wine
                 and
                 Spirit
                 of
                 wine
                 are
                 very
                 proper
                 to
                 draw
                 forth
                 the
                 Tincture
                 of
                 the
                 Bark
                 ,
                 but
                 they
                 are
                 by
                 no
                 means
                 good
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 Extract
                 with
                 ,
                 because
                 in
                 the
                 evaporation
                 the
                 Spirit
                 carries
                 away
                 with
                 it
                 the
                 more
                 subtile
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 mixt
                 .
                 The
                 water
                 of
                 Nuts
                 is
                 much
                 more
                 convenient
                 ,
                 for
                 besides
                 that
                 it
                 loses
                 less
                 of
                 the
                 volatile
                 substance
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 little
                 febrifugous
                 itself
                 .
                 Instead
                 of
                 this
                 water
                 you
                 might
                 use
                 those
                 of
                 Juniper-berries
                 ,
                 the
                 lesser
                 Centaury
                 ,
                 or
                 Wormwood-water
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 Extract
                 is
                 convenient
                 for
                 those
                 who
                 cannot
                 endure
                 the
                 taste
                 of
                 remedies
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 given
                 in
                 Pills
                 wrapped
                 up
                 in
                 a
                 wafer
                 ,
                 without
                 partaking
                 of
                 the
                 taste
                 .
                 But
                 I
                 should
                 prefer
                 the
                 Infusion
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Bark
                 in
                 substance
                 ,
                 before
                 this
                 preparation
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 is
                 impossible
                 to
                 avoid
                 the
                 evaporation
                 of
                 the
                 more
                 subtile
                 parts
                 in
                 the
                 ebullition
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 use
                 what
                 precaution
                 you
                 will
                 to
                 preserve
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 may
                 draw
                 the
                 
                   fixt
                   salt
                
                 from
                 the
                 residence
                 that
                 remains
                 ,
                 after
                 you
                 have
                 drawn
                 the
                 Extract
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Tincture
                 .
                 You
                 must
                 dry
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 burn
                 and
                 calcine
                 the
                 ashes
                 in
                 a
                 crucible
                 ,
                 then
                 steep
                 them
                 in
                 hot
                 water
                 ten
                 or
                 twelve
                 hours
                 ,
                 boil
                 them
                 an
                 hour
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 filtrate
                 this
                 lixivium
                 ,
                 and
                 evaporate
                 the
                 water
                 in
                 an
                 earthen
                 pan
                 or
                 glass
                 vessel
                 in
                 sand
                 ,
                 there
                 will
                 remain
                 a
                 salt
                 at
                 bottom
                 ,
                 which
                 you
                 must
                 keep
                 in
                 a
                 bottle
                 well
                 stopt
                 .
                 This
                 salt
                 is
                 an
                 alkali
                 ,
                 as
                 are
                 all
                 other
                 fixed
                 salts
                 drawn
                 from
                 plants
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 aperitive
                 ,
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 given
                 for
                 a
                 quartan
                 Ague
                 ;
                 the
                 dose
                 is
                 from
                 ten
                 grains
                 to
                 a
                 scruple
                 in
                 some
                 proper
                 liquor
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 must
                 not
                 think
                 that
                 this
                 salt
                 retains
                 all
                 the
                 virtues
                 of
                 the
                 Bark
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 rather
                 all
                 destroyed
                 in
                 the
                 calcination
                 .
              
               
                 Nor
                 may
                 we
                 think
                 to
                 separate
                 the
                 Febrifugous
                 virtue
                 of
                 this
                 Bark
                 ,
                 by
                 distilling
                 it
                 dry
                 in
                 a
                 Retort
                 ;
                 for
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 this
                 would
                 destroy
                 it
                 ,
                 by
                 breaking
                 the
                 natural
                 harmony
                 and
                 union
                 of
                 its
                 parts
                 ,
                 and
                 you
                 would
                 get
                 only
                 a
                 stinking
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 burnt
                 oil
                 ,
                 which
                 would
                 be
                 of
                 no
                 great
                 use
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             VII
             .
             
               Of
               Cloves
            
             .
          
           
             CLoves
             are
             the
             fruit
             of
             a
             Tree
             as
             big
             as
             the
             Laurel
             Tree
             ,
             its
             Bark
             is
             very
             much
             like
             Cinnamon
             ,
             but
             tasts
             like
             the
             fruit
             Cloves
             ;
             it
             grows
             in
             many
             places
             in
             the
             Indies
             ;
             it
             is
             an
             admirable
             stomachick
             ,
             held
             in
             the
             mouth
             it
             preserves
             from
             the
             contagion
             of
             ill
             air
             .
          
           
             
               Oil
               of
               Cloves
               per
               Descensum
               .
            
             
               Take
               several
               large
               drinking
               glasses
               ,
               cover
               them
               with
               a
               Linnen-cloth
               ,
               and
               tie
               it
               round
               each
               of
               them
               ,
               leaving
               a
               cavity
               in
               each
               Cloth
               to
               put
               the
               powdered
               Cloves
               into
               ;
               set
               a
               small
               earthen
               Cup
               upon
               each
               glass
               of
               these
               Cloves
               ,
               let
               it
               stop
               so
               fitly
               that
               it
               may
               suffer
               no
               air
               to
               enter
               between
               its
               brim
               and
               that
               of
               the
               glass
               :
               fill
               these
               Cups
               with
               hot
               ashes
               ,
               to
               warm
               the
               Cloves
               ,
               and
               distil
               down
               to
               the
               bottom
               of
               the
               glass
               first
               a
               little
               phlegm
               and
               Spirit
               ,
               and
               after
               that
               a
               clear
               and
               white
               oil
               ;
               continue
               the
               fire
               until
               there
               falls
               no
               more
               ,
               separate
               the
               oil
               in
               a
               Tunnel
               lined
               with
               a
               cornet
               of
               brown
               paper
               ,
               and
               keep
               it
               in
               a
               Viol
               well
               stopt
               .
            
             
               Some
               drops
               of
               it
               are
               with
               Cotton
               put
               into
               aking
               Teeth
               ;
               it
               is
               likewise
               good
               in
               Malignant
               Feavers
               ,
               and
               the
               Plague
               :
               the
               dose
               is
               two
               or
               three
               drops
               in
               
               Balm-water
               ,
               or
               some
               appropriate
               liquor
               .
               You
               must
               mix
               it
               with
               a
               little
               Sugar-candy
               ,
               or
               a
               little
               yelk
               of
               an
               egg
               ,
               before
               you
               drop
               it
               into
               water
               ;
               otherwise
               it
               will
               not
               dissolve
               in
               the
               water
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 have
                 given
                 you
                 this
                 Preparation
                 to
                 serve
                 upon
                 an
                 emergence
                 ,
                 when
                 you
                 want
                 in
                 haste
                 the
                 
                   Oil
                   of
                   Cloves
                
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 only
                 use
                 hot
                 ashes
                 to
                 warm
                 the
                 Cloves
                 ,
                 if
                 you
                 desire
                 to
                 have
                 a
                 white
                 Oil
                 ,
                 for
                 if
                 you
                 give
                 a
                 greater
                 heat
                 ,
                 the
                 Oil
                 turns
                 red
                 ,
                 and
                 loses
                 a
                 good
                 part
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 You
                 must
                 also
                 take
                 care
                 to
                 lift
                 up
                 the
                 Cup
                 from
                 time
                 to
                 time
                 ,
                 to
                 stir
                 about
                 the
                 powder
                 of
                 Cloves
                 .
                 The
                 
                   Oil
                   of
                   Cloves
                
                 may
                 be
                 likewise
                 drawn
                 ,
                 if
                 you
                 please
                 ,
                 like
                 that
                 of
                 Cinnamon
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 use
                 a
                 pound
                 of
                 Cloves
                 ,
                 to
                 distil
                 
                   per
                   descensum
                
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 description
                 I
                 have
                 given
                 ,
                 you
                 'l
                 draw
                 an
                 ounce
                 and
                 two
                 drachms
                 of
                 white
                 Oil
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 ounce
                 of
                 Spirit
                 ;
                 there
                 will
                 remain
                 thirteen
                 ounces
                 and
                 two
                 drachms
                 of
                 matter
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 might
                 still
                 be
                 drawn
                 a
                 little
                 red
                 Oil.
                 
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 likely
                 that
                 the
                 
                   Oil
                   of
                   Cloves
                
                 works
                 in
                 easing
                 the
                 tooth-ach
                 much
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 as
                 I
                 said
                 the
                 Oil
                 of
                 Guaiacum
                 did
                 .
                 But
                 this
                 Oil
                 having
                 an
                 agreeable
                 smell
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 difficulty
                 in
                 admitting
                 the
                 application
                 of
                 this
                 ,
                 as
                 there
                 was
                 in
                 the
                 other
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 do
                 dissolve
                 Opium
                 in
                 
                   Oil
                   of
                   Cloves
                
                 ,
                 and
                 do
                 use
                 this
                 dissolution
                 for
                 the
                 tooth-ach
                 ;
                 they
                 do
                 put
                 one
                 drop
                 of
                 it
                 into
                 the
                 aking
                 tooth
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 allaies
                 the
                 pain
                 in
                 a
                 very
                 little
                 time
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 
                 the
                 Opium
                 ,
                 but
                 there
                 is
                 one
                 thing
                 to
                 be
                 apprehended
                 from
                 this
                 use
                 of
                 Opiates
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 is
                 deafness
                 ,
                 some
                 have
                 thereby
                 become
                 deaf
                 ,
                 though
                 indeed
                 that
                 rarely
                 happens
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 may
                 rectifie
                 the
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Cloves
                
                 by
                 distilling
                 it
                 in
                 sand
                 .
                 And
                 when
                 you
                 have
                 distilled
                 two
                 thirds
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 keep
                 it
                 in
                 a
                 Viol
                 well
                 stopt
                 ,
                 and
                 fling
                 away
                 the
                 phlegm
                 which
                 remains
                 at
                 bottom
                 of
                 the
                 Cucurbite
                 .
                 The
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Cloves
                
                 is
                 a
                 good
                 stomachick
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 good
                 to
                 help
                 concoction
                 ,
                 to
                 comfort
                 the
                 heart
                 ,
                 to
                 perspire
                 ill
                 humors
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 provoke
                 Seed
                 ;
                 the
                 dose
                 is
                 from
                 six
                 drops
                 to
                 twenty
                 in
                 some
                 convenient
                 liquor
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             VIII
             .
             
               Of
               Nutmegs
            
             .
          
           
             NVtmeg
             is
             the
             fruit
             of
             a
             Tree
             as
             big
             as
             a
             Pear-Tree
             ,
             which
             grows
             in
             the
             Isle
             Banda
             in
             the
             West-Indies
             .
             It
             is
             called
             
               Nucista
               ,
               Nux
               Moschata
               ,
               Myristica
               ,
               Vnguentaria
               ,
            
             and
             Aromatites
             .
             While
             it
             is
             green
             ,
             it
             is
             clothed
             with
             two
             Barks
             ,
             but
             when
             it
             comes
             to
             maturity
             ,
             the
             uppermost
             chaps
             ,
             and
             lets
             the
             second
             appear
             ,
             which
             is
             tender
             ,
             and
             very
             fragrant
             .
             This
             last
             Bark
             is
             called
             Mace
             ,
             and
             improperly
             the
             
               Flower
               of
               Nutmegs
            
             .
          
           
             The
             best
             Nutmeg
             is
             that
             which
             is
             most
             weighty
             ;
             it
             is
             mixed
             in
             Carminative
             ,
             &
             Hysterical
             Remedies
             .
          
           
           
             Sometimes
             a
             sort
             of
             Nutmegs
             ,
             called
             Male-Nutmeg
             ,
             is
             found
             at
             the
             Druggist
             ,
             which
             differs
             from
             the
             common
             sort
             ,
             in
             that
             it
             is
             longer
             and
             weaker
             .
          
           
             
               Oil
               of
               Nutmeg
               .
            
             
               Take
               sixteen
               ounces
               of
               good
               Nutmegs
               ,
               beat
               them
               in
               a
               Mortar
               ,
               until
               they
               are
               almost
               in
               a
               Paste
               ,
               and
               put
               them
               upon
               a
               boulter
               ;
               cover
               them
               with
               a
               piece
               of
               strong
               Cloth
               ,
               and
               an
               earthen
               pan
               over
               that
               ;
               put
               your
               cloth
               over
               a
               kettle
               half
               filled
               with
               water
               ,
               and
               set
               the
               kettle
               upon
               the
               fire
               ,
               that
               the
               vapour
               of
               the
               water
               may
               gently
               warm
               the
               Nutmegs
               ;
               when
               you
               shall
               find
               upon
               touching
               the
               pan
               ,
               that
               it
               is
               so
               hot
               you
               cannot
               endure
               your
               hand
               upon
               it
               ,
               you
               must
               take
               off
               the
               boulter
               ,
               and
               putting
               the
               matter
               into
               a
               linnen
               cloth
               ,
               take
               its
               four
               corners
               ,
               and
               tye
               them
               quickly
               together
               ;
               put
               them
               into
               a
               press
               between
               a
               couple
               of
               warm
               plates
               ,
               set
               the
               pan
               underneath
               ,
               and
               there
               will
               come
               forth
               an
               Oil
               which
               congeals
               as
               it
               grows
               cold
               :
               express
               the
               matter
               as
               strongly
               as
               you
               are
               able
               ,
               to
               draw
               out
               all
               the
               Oil
               ;
               then
               keep
               it
               in
               a
               pot
               well
               stopt
               ;
               this
               Oil
               is
               very
               stomachick
               ,
               being
               applyed
               outwardly
               ,
               or
               else
               given
               inwardly
               .
               The
               dose
               is
               from
               four
               grains
               to
               ten
               in
               broth
               ,
               or
               some
               more
               convenient
               liquor
               .
               It
               is
               commonly
               mixed
               with
               Oil
               of
               Mastich
               ,
               to
               chafe
               the
               Region
               of
               the
               stomach
               .
               And
               this
               way
               the
               green
               Oils
               of
               Anis-seed
               ,
               Fennil
               ,
               Dill
               ,
               and
               Mace
               ,
               may
               be
               drawn
               .
            
             
               
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Nutmegs
                 must
                 be
                 well
                 beaten
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 they
                 will
                 yield
                 little
                 Oil
                 ;
                 this
                 way
                 of
                 warming
                 them
                 is
                 called
                 the
                 
                   Vaporous
                   Bath
                
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 ordinary
                 method
                 is
                 to
                 heat
                 the
                 Nutmegs
                 in
                 a
                 kettle
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 express
                 them
                 strongly
                 ,
                 but
                 because
                 the
                 warming
                 them
                 that
                 way
                 carries
                 off
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 its
                 volatile
                 parts
                 ,
                 the
                 Oil
                 never
                 proves
                 so
                 good
                 ,
                 as
                 when
                 made
                 with
                 the
                 circumstances
                 I
                 have
                 mentioned
                 ;
                 for
                 thus
                 the
                 matter
                 heats
                 insensibly
                 by
                 the
                 vapour
                 of
                 the
                 water
                 ,
                 and
                 alters
                 not
                 its
                 virtue
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 any
                 water
                 doth
                 mix
                 with
                 the
                 Nutmegs
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 easily
                 separated
                 from
                 the
                 Oil.
                 They
                 who
                 desire
                 to
                 have
                 it
                 very
                 fragrant
                 ,
                 may
                 set
                 it
                 over
                 a
                 vessel
                 of
                 wine
                 instead
                 of
                 water
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 draw
                 the
                 Oil
                 from
                 sixteen
                 ounces
                 of
                 Anis-seed
                 ,
                 the
                 way
                 I
                 have
                 described
                 ,
                 you
                 may
                 obtain
                 from
                 six
                 drachms
                 to
                 nine
                 drachms
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 goodness
                 of
                 the
                 Anis-seed
                 you
                 use
                 ,
                 this
                 Oil
                 will
                 be
                 of
                 a
                 green
                 colour
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Oils
                 of
                 Almonds
                 ,
                 Wall-nuts
                 ,
                 Gold
                 seeds
                 ,
                 Hazle
                 nuts
                 ,
                 Poppy
                 ,
                 and
                 Behen
                 ,
                 must
                 be
                 only
                 beaten
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 put
                 into
                 the
                 press
                 ,
                 without
                 heating
                 because
                 they
                 do
                 yield
                 their
                 Oils
                 very
                 easily
                 ,
                 and
                 because
                 these
                 Oils
                 are
                 often
                 taken
                 inwardly
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 better
                 to
                 draw
                 them
                 without
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 fire
                 ,
                 to
                 avoid
                 the
                 Empyreumatical
                 impression
                 it
                 would
                 otherwise
                 take
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             IX
             .
             
               Distillation
               of
               an
               Odoriferous
               Plant
               ,
               such
               as
               Balm
               ,
               its
               Extract
               ,
               and
               fixt
               Salt.
               
            
          
           
             TAke
             a
             good
             quantity
             of
             Balm
             newly
             gathered
             ,
             when
             it
             is
             in
             its
             vigour
             :
             beat
             it
             well
             in
             a
             Mortar
             ,
             and
             put
             it
             into
             a
             large
             earthen
             pot
             ,
             make
             a
             strong
             decoction
             of
             other
             Balm
             ,
             and
             pour
             of
             it
             into
             the
             pot
             enough
             to
             swet
             it
             sufficiently
             ;
             cover
             the
             pot
             ,
             and
             leave
             it
             two
             days
             indigestion
             ;
             then
             put
             the
             Matter
             into
             a
             large
             
               Copper
               Vesica
            
             ,
             and
             cover
             it
             with
             its
             Refrigeratory
             ,
             or
             Head
             ,
             Tin'd
             on
             the
             inside
             :
             set
             it
             in
             a
             Furnace
             ,
             and
             fitting
             to
             it
             a
             Receiver
             lute
             the
             junctures
             with
             a
             wet
             bladder
             ;
             make
             a
             fire
             of
             the
             second
             degree
             under
             it
             ,
             and
             distil
             about
             half
             the
             water
             you
             poured
             upon
             the
             Balm
             ,
             then
             let
             the
             Vessels
             cool
             ,
             and
             unlute
             them
             :
             You
             'l
             find
             in
             the
             Receiver
             a
             very
             good
             Balm-water
             ,
             put
             it
             into
             a
             bottle
             ,
             and
             expose
             it
             to
             the
             Sun
             five
             or
             six
             days
             open
             ,
             then
             stop
             it
             ,
             and
             keep
             it
             for
             use
             .
             It
             is
             used
             in
             Hysterical
             Maladies
             ,
             in
             the
             Palsie
             ,
             Apoplexy
             ,
             and
             Malignant
             Feavers
             ,
             it
             is
             given
             from
             two
             to
             six
             ounces
             .
          
           
             Express
             through
             a
             linnen
             cloth
             strongly
             that
             which
             remains
             in
             the
             body
             ,
             and
             let
             the
             Expression
             settle
             ;
             filter
             it
             ,
             and
             evaporate
             the
             water
             with
             a
             gentle
             heat
             in
             an
             Earthen
             vessel
             ,
             until
             there
             remains
             an
             Extract
             in
             the
             consistence
             of
             thick
             hony
             .
             
             'T
             is
             a
             good
             remedy
             for
             such
             diseases
             as
             proceed
             from
             corrupt
             Humors
             ,
             it
             works
             by
             perspiration
             ,
             or
             by
             Urine
             :
             the
             dose
             is
             from
             a
             Scrupule
             to
             a
             Drachm
             ,
             dissolved
             in
             its
             proper
             water
             .
          
           
             Dry
             the
             Residence
             that
             remains
             after
             expression
             ,
             and
             burn
             it
             with
             good
             store
             of
             other
             Balm
             likewise
             dried
             ,
             you
             may
             obtain
             an
             Alkali
             salt
             from
             the
             ashes
             by
             a
             Lixivium
             ,
             the
             same
             way
             I
             spoke
             of
             concerning
             the
             salt
             of
             Guaiacum
             .
          
           
             This
             Salt
             is
             Aperitive
             ,
             and
             Sudorifick
             ,
             the
             dose
             is
             from
             ten
             grains
             to
             a
             Scrupule
             in
             Balm-water
             .
          
           
             The
             Water
             ,
             Extract
             ,
             and
             Salt
             of
             all
             Odoriferous
             Plants
             ,
             such
             as
             
               Sage
               ,
               Marjoram
               ,
               Time
               ,
               Mint
               ,
               Hyssop
               ,
               &c.
            
             may
             be
             drawn
             after
             the
             same
             manner
             .
          
           
             
               Remarks
               .
            
             
               Perhaps
               some
               will
               think
               it
               strange
               that
               I
               add
               water
               for
               the
               distillation
               of
               Balm
               ,
               but
               those
               who
               use
               to
               work
               on
               this
               sort
               of
               Herbs
               do
               know
               well
               enough
               ,
               that
               being
               dry
               substances
               of
               themselves
               ,
               there
               is
               no
               good
               distilling
               them
               without
               first
               wetting
               them
               ;
               and
               besides
               ,
               the
               water
               that
               is
               added
               doth
               only
               serve
               to
               imbibe
               the
               volatile
               parts
               ,
               as
               the
               Fermentation
               operates
               ;
               and
               when
               the
               matter
               is
               heated
               ,
               the
               more
               spirituous
               part
               as
               being
               the
               lighter
               rises
               first
               ,
               and
               savours
               much
               less
               of
               the
               Empyreume
               ,
               than
               if
               the
               herb
               were
               distilled
               without
               first
               wetting
               it
               .
            
             
               You
               must
               observe
               in
               these
               distillations
               to
               give
               a
               fire
               from
               the
               second
               to
               the
               third
               degree
               ,
               because
               if
               it
               were
               made
               too
               little
               ,
               none
               of
               the
               Essential
               or
               volatile
               Salt
               of
               the
               Plant
               would
               rise
               ;
               and
               if
               it
               
               were
               too
               strong
               ,
               the
               water
               would
               taste
               of
               the
               Empyreume
               :
               wherefore
               to
               make
               a
               good
               distillation
               ,
               you
               must
               let
               one
               drop
               follow
               another
               slowly
               .
            
             
               The
               waters
               so
               soon
               as
               they
               are
               distilled
               ,
               have
               commonly
               no
               great
               smell
               ,
               but
               when
               they
               have
               lain
               some
               time
               in
               the
               Sun
               ,
               their
               spirituous
               parts
               that
               were
               condensed
               in
               the
               Phlegm
               ,
               do
               display
               themselves
               ,
               and
               exert
               their
               activity
               ;
               for
               which
               reason
               it
               is
               that
               the
               water
               becomes
               fragrant
               which
               was
               not
               so
               before
               .
            
             
               The
               Extract
               doth
               contain
               almost
               all
               the
               Essential
               Salt
               of
               the
               Plant
               ,
               wherefore
               it
               is
               of
               greater
               virtue
               than
               the
               water
               ;
               you
               must
               take
               care
               to
               Evaporate
               the
               liquor
               with
               a
               mild
               heat
               ,
               for
               fear
               too
               much
               should
               carry
               off
               this
               salt
               ,
               which
               is
               but
               too
               volatile
               of
               its
               own
               nature
               ;
               for
               it
               is
               in
               the
               salt
               that
               the
               principal
               virtue
               of
               the
               Plant
               doth
               consist
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             X.
             
               Distillation
               of
               a
               Plant
               that
               is
               not
               Odoriferous
               ,
               such
               as
            
             Carduus
             Benedictus
             ,
             
               and
               its
               Essential
               Salt.
            
             
          
           
             TAke
             a
             good
             quantity
             of
             Carduus
             ,
             when
             it
             is
             in
             its
             prime
             ;
             pound
             it
             in
             a
             Mortar
             ,
             and
             fill
             with
             it
             two
             thirds
             of
             a
             Limbeck
             ;
             draw
             by
             expression
             a
             sufficient
             quantity
             of
             the
             Juyce
             of
             other
             
             Carduus
             ,
             and
             pour
             it
             into
             the
             Limbeck
             ,
             that
             the
             herbs
             swimming
             in
             the
             Juyce
             may
             incur
             no
             danger
             of
             sticking
             to
             the
             bottom
             during
             the
             distillation
             :
             distil
             with
             a
             fire
             of
             the
             second
             degree
             about
             half
             as
             much
             water
             as
             you
             used
             juyce
             ,
             this
             water
             is
             Sudorifick
             .
             It
             is
             used
             to
             drive
             out
             the
             Small-Pox
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             Plague
             .
          
           
             Express
             through
             a
             cloth
             that
             which
             remains
             in
             the
             Limbeck
             ,
             let
             the
             juyce
             settle
             ,
             and
             after
             it
             is
             filtred
             ,
             Evaporate
             with
             a
             small
             fire
             about
             two
             thirds
             of
             the
             liquor
             ,
             in
             an
             earthen
             or
             glass
             vessel
             :
             set
             this
             vessel
             in
             a
             cool
             place
             ,
             and
             leave
             it
             there
             eight
             or
             ten
             days
             ,
             there
             will
             shoot
             out
             Crystals
             round
             about
             the
             vessel
             ,
             separate
             them
             ,
             and
             keep
             them
             in
             a
             Viol
             well
             stopt
             .
             These
             Crystals
             are
             called
             the
             
               Essential
               salt
            
             ;
             it
             is
             Sudorifick
             ,
             the
             dose
             is
             from
             six
             to
             sixteen
             grains
             in
             its
             proper
             distilled
             water
             .
          
           
             The
             Extract
             of
             Carduus
             may
             be
             likewise
             made
             the
             same
             way
             that
             I
             described
             for
             Balm
             .
          
           
             
               Remarks
               .
            
             
               
                 Succory
                 ,
                 Fumitory
                 ,
                 Sorrel
                 ,
                 Scabious
                 ,
                 Cresses
                 ,
              
               and
               all
               other
               Plants
               that
               are
               not
               Odoriferous
               ,
               which
               yield
               good
               store
               of
               Juice
               ,
               must
               be
               distilled
               like
               the
               
                 Carduus
                 Benedictus
              
               ,
               and
               this
               method
               may
               serve
               to
               draw
               the
               Essential
               Salt
               out
               of
               any
               plant
               whatsoever
               .
            
             
               The
               hot
               Plants
               have
               much
               more
               of
               this
               Salt
               than
               others
               ;
               Lettice
               contains
               less
               than
               
                 Succory
                 ,
                 Succory
              
               less
               than
               Sorrel
               ,
               and
               so
               of
               the
               rest
               .
            
             
             
               Seeing
               it
               is
               in
               the
               Salt
               that
               the
               virtue
               of
               the
               plant
               consists
               ,
               I
               would
               advise
               rather
               to
               use
               the
               decoction
               of
               Plants
               than
               their
               distilled
               water
               ,
               when
               the
               Plants
               are
               in
               season
               ,
               and
               when
               they
               are
               out
               ,
               then
               to
               have
               recourse
               to
               distilled
               waters
               ,
               and
               mix
               with
               them
               a
               little
               of
               their
               
                 Essential
                 Salt
              
               ,
               or
               Extract
               .
            
             
               The
               fixt
               Alkali
               Salt
               may
               be
               drawn
               from
               the
               remainder
               of
               the
               Plant
               ,
               in
               like
               manner
               as
               I
               have
               shewed
               to
               draw
               that
               of
               Guaiacum
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             XI
             .
             
               Of
               Sugar
            
             .
          
           
             SVgar
             is
             the
             essential
             salt
             of
             a
             reed
             or
             cane
             that
             grows
             in
             many
             places
             ,
             and
             especially
             in
             the
             Western
             Islands
             .
             The
             pulp
             in
             the
             trunk
             of
             this
             plant
             is
             taken
             and
             washed
             ,
             and
             then
             steeped
             in
             hot
             water
             ,
             this
             water
             is
             strained
             ,
             and
             evaporated
             ,
             and
             the
             Sugar
             remains
             at
             bottom
             ;
             heretofore
             it
             was
             called
             
               Mel
               arundinaceum
            
             ,
             or
             the
             Cane-honey
             ,
             but
             since
             it
             has
             been
             called
             Zucharum
             ,
             or
             Saccharum
             .
          
           
             The
             first
             elaboration
             that
             is
             given
             to
             Sugar
             ,
             is
             to
             purifie
             it
             ,
             by
             dissolving
             it
             in
             water
             ,
             filtrating
             and
             evaporating
             the
             liquor
             ,
             after
             which
             it
             is
             made
             up
             into
             Loaves
             ,
             or
             else
             it
             is
             sent
             in
             Casks
             or
             Chests
             ,
             and
             is
             called
             Cassonnade
             ,
             or
             Castonnade
             .
             There
             are
             of
             it
             the
             red
             ,
             the
             brown
             ,
             and
             the
             white
             
             Sugar
             ,
             according
             as
             it
             has
             been
             more
             or
             less
             purified
             ,
             it
             differs
             in
             colour
             .
             The
             name
             Castonnade
             may
             have
             been
             derived
             from
             the
             Casks
             in
             which
             it
             is
             brought
             ,
             called
             Cast
             by
             the
             Germans
             .
          
           
             When
             the
             Sugar
             has
             been
             refined
             no
             more
             then
             abovesaid
             ,
             it
             is
             a
             little
             fat
             ;
             now
             to
             refine
             it
             farther
             it
             is
             dissolved
             in
             Lime-water
             ,
             it
             is
             boiled
             ,
             and
             the
             scum
             taken
             off
             ;
             when
             it
             is
             sufficiently
             boiled
             ,
             it
             is
             cast
             into
             molds
             of
             a
             Pyramidal
             form
             ,
             which
             have
             a
             hole
             at
             bottom
             to
             let
             the
             more
             glutionous
             part
             run
             through
             ,
             and
             separate
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             still
             farther
             refined
             by
             boiling
             it
             with
             the
             whites
             of
             eggs
             in
             water
             ,
             for
             the
             glutinous
             quality
             of
             the
             whites
             of
             eggs
             does
             help
             to
             receive
             and
             take
             away
             the
             impurities
             which
             might
             remain
             in
             the
             Sugar
             ,
             and
             the
             boiling
             of
             it
             serving
             to
             drive
             them
             all
             to
             the
             sides
             of
             the
             vessel
             in
             a
             scum
             ,
             the
             liquor
             is
             passed
             through
             a
             cloth
             ,
             and
             then
             evaporated
             to
             a
             due
             consistence
             .
          
           
             Sugar-Candy
             is
             only
             a
             Sugar
             crystallized
             ;
             the
             way
             to
             make
             it
             ,
             is
             to
             boil
             refined
             Sugar
             in
             water
             to
             the
             consistence
             of
             a
             thick
             Syrop
             ,
             it
             is
             then
             poured
             into
             pots
             ,
             wherein
             little
             sticks
             have
             been
             laid
             in
             order
             ;
             it
             is
             left
             in
             a
             still
             place
             some
             days
             without
             stirring
             ,
             and
             you
             have
             the
             Sugar-Candy
             sticking
             to
             those
             sticks
             .
             
               Red
               Sugar-Candy
            
             is
             made
             after
             the
             same
             manner
             .
          
           
             Sugar
             is
             good
             for
             infirmities
             of
             the
             breast
             and
             lungs
             ,
             because
             it
             does
             attenuate
             and
             cut
             the
             phlegm
             which
             sometimes
             oppresses
             the
             fibres
             of
             these
             parts
             ,
             but
             you
             must
             use
             it
             as
             little
             as
             may
             be
             in
             hysterical
             cases
             ,
             by
             reason
             that
             it
             raises
             vapours
             .
             Red-Sugar
             is
             sometimes
             mixed
             with
             detersive
             Clysters
             .
          
           
           
             It
             s
             sweetness
             does
             proceed
             from
             an
             essential
             acid
             salt
             mixed
             with
             some
             oily
             parts
             of
             which
             it
             consists
             ,
             as
             I
             have
             already
             explicated
             in
             the
             Remarks
             upon
             
               Oil
               of
               Antimony
            
             prepared
             with
             Sugar
             .
          
           
             The
             Cassonnade
             ,
             or
             Cask-sugar
             makes
             a
             sweeter
             impression
             upon
             the
             tongue
             than
             our
             finer
             Sugar
             ,
             because
             it
             contains
             more
             viscous
             or
             fat
             parts
             ,
             which
             do
             remain
             the
             longer
             upon
             the
             nerve
             of
             the
             tongue
             ,
             and
             this
             makes
             us
             sometimes
             prefer
             the
             first
             ,
             as
             to
             use
             ,
             before
             the
             other
             .
             And
             for
             the
             same
             reason
             the
             finer
             a
             Sugar
             is
             ,
             the
             quicker
             it
             passes
             off
             the
             taste
             .
             Sugar-candy
             is
             better
             for
             Rheums
             than
             common
             Sugar
             ,
             because
             being
             harder
             it
             requires
             a
             longer
             time
             to
             melt
             in
             the
             mouth
             ,
             and
             besides
             it
             keeps
             the
             breast
             moister
             than
             the
             common
             Sugar
             .
          
           
             
               Spirit
               of
               Sugar
               .
            
             
               This
               Spirit
               is
               a
               mixture
               of
               the
               acid
               part
               of
               Sugar
               with
               the
               Flowers
               of
               
                 Sal
                 Armoniack
              
               .
            
             
               Powder
               and
               mix
               eight
               ounces
               of
               white
               Sugar-candy
               with
               four
               ounces
               of
               
                 Sal
                 Armoniack
              
               ,
               put
               this
               mixture
               into
               a
               glass
               ,
               or
               earthen
               body
               ,
               whose
               third
               only
               is
               thereby
               filled
               ,
               fit
               a
               head
               to
               the
               body
               ,
               and
               place
               it
               in
               a
               sand-furnace
               ;
               joyn
               a
               receiver
               to
               it
               ,
               and
               lute
               well
               the
               junctures
               with
               a
               wet
               bladder
               ,
               give
               it
               a
               small
               fire
               for
               an
               hour
               only
               to
               heat
               the
               vessel
               ,
               then
               increase
               it
               to
               the
               second
               degree
               ,
               there
               will
               distil
               a
               liquor
               drop
               by
               drop
               ,
               and
               towards
               the
               end
               there
               will
               rise
               white
               vapours
               into
               the
               head
               ;
               increase
               your
               fire
               still
               more
               ,
               until
               nothing
               more
               comes
               forth
               ;
               let
               the
               vessels
               cool
               and
               unlute
               
               them
               ,
               you
               will
               find
               in
               the
               receiver
               seven
               ounces
               of
               a
               brown
               liquor
               ,
               that
               has
               but
               an
               ill
               smell
               ,
               and
               a
               little
               black
               oil
               stuck
               to
               the
               sides
               ,
               pour
               it
               all
               together
               into
               a
               glass-body
               ,
               and
               having
               fitted
               to
               it
               a
               head
               and
               receiver
               ,
               and
               luted
               the
               joints
               ,
               distil
               in
               sand
               six
               ounces
               of
               a
               very
               acid
               spirit
               ,
               that
               is
               clear
               and
               agreeable
               to
               the
               taste
               ,
               and
               without
               any
               smell
               of
               Empyreum
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               a
               good
               aperitive
               against
               the
               gravel
               ,
               and
               the
               dropsie
               ,
               it
               is
               good
               to
               stop
               diarrhea's
               ,
               and
               dysenteries
               with
               ,
               it
               may
               be
               dropt
               into
               the
               Tincture
               of
               Roses
               ,
               instead
               of
               other
               acid
               Spirits
               .
               Some
               do
               think
               it
               good
               for
               diseases
               of
               the
               breast
               ;
               the
               dose
               is
               eight
               or
               ten
               drops
               ,
               or
               to
               an
               agreeable
               acidity
               in
               some
               proper
               liquor
               .
            
             
               That
               which
               remains
               in
               the
               body
               after
               the
               rectification
               is
               a
               foetid
               oil
               ,
               which
               may
               be
               outwardly
               used
               to
               cleanse
               old
               ulcers
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Spirit
                 of
                 common
                 Sugar
                 is
                 made
                 without
                 addition
                 of
                 any
                 thing
                 in
                 the
                 preparation
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 an
                 acid
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 but
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 strong
                 ,
                 nor
                 has
                 so
                 great
                 virtues
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 which
                 I
                 have
                 now
                 described
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 thought
                 good
                 for
                 diseases
                 of
                 the
                 breast
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Sugar
                 ,
                 which
                 indeed
                 is
                 good
                 for
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 so
                 strong
                 an
                 acid
                 is
                 apt
                 to
                 give
                 a
                 Cough
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 body
                 must
                 be
                 big
                 enough
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 give
                 room
                 to
                 the
                 vapours
                 to
                 circulate
                 in
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 do
                 rise
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 very
                 little
                 Oil
                 of
                 Sugar
                 can
                 be
                 drawn
                 in
                 this
                 operation
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 which
                 remains
                 after
                 the
                 rectification
                 
                 is
                 not
                 a
                 pure
                 oil
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 remainder
                 of
                 the
                 Spirit
                 tinged
                 with
                 some
                 drops
                 of
                 oil
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 that
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 very
                 hard
                 to
                 get
                 one
                 drachm
                 of
                 pure
                 Oil.
                 
              
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             XII
             .
             
               Of
               Wine
            
             .
          
           
             WIne
             is
             nothing
             else
             but
             the
             Muste
             ,
             or
             juice
             of
             ripe
             Grapes
             ,
             whose
             Spirituous
             parts
             are
             set
             at
             liberty
             in
             the
             Fermentation
             .
             This
             Wine
             is
             more
             or
             less
             gross
             ,
             according
             as
             it
             abounds
             more
             or
             less
             with
             Tartar.
             
          
           
             In
             the
             making
             of
             White-wine
             ,
             the
             Muste
             of
             white
             Grapes
             is
             left
             to
             Ferment
             all
             alone
             ;
             but
             Claret
             must
             Ferment
             with
             the
             Faeces
             of
             the
             Grapes
             ;
             whence
             it
             comes
             to
             pass
             that
             the
             Red
             is
             loaded
             with
             more
             Tartar
             than
             the
             White
             ,
             and
             remains
             longer
             in
             the
             body
             after
             it
             is
             drunk
             .
             The
             wines
             of
             hot
             Countrys
             do
             commonly
             more
             abound
             with
             Tartar
             than
             others
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             abundance
             of
             Salts
             which
             they
             attract
             from
             the
             earth
             .
             Muscat
             ,
             and
             
               Spanish
               Wines
            
             do
             not
             endure
             a
             Fermentation
             ,
             until
             good
             part
             of
             the
             Phlegm
             is
             evaporated
             ,
             either
             by
             the
             heat
             of
             the
             Sun
             ,
             or
             by
             fire
             ;
             and
             this
             is
             the
             reason
             they
             become
             so
             glutinous
             as
             they
             do
             ,
             almost
             like
             Syrup
             .
             Lastly
             ,
             there
             may
             be
             made
             as
             many
             different
             Wines
             ,
             as
             there
             can
             be
             different
             
             Fermentations
             to
             the
             Muste
             .
             Now
             let
             us
             consider
             what
             it
             is
             that
             happens
             in
             these
             Fermentations
             .
          
           
             Muste
             is
             a
             sweet
             liquor
             that
             sends
             no
             vapours
             to
             the
             head
             to
             Intoxicate
             ,
             though
             one
             drinks
             never
             so
             much
             .
             If
             you
             distil
             it
             ,
             there
             will
             rise
             first
             of
             all
             ,
             good
             store
             of
             
               Insipid
               water
            
             ,
             after
             that
             a
             fetid
             Oil
             with
             a
             few
             weak
             Spirits
             ,
             which
             are
             nothing
             but
             an
             
               Essential
               Salt
            
             dissolved
             ;
             and
             lastly
             there
             will
             remain
             a
             terrestrious
             mass
             ,
             out
             of
             which
             may
             be
             drawn
             some
             quantity
             of
             fixt
             salt
             by
             making
             a
             Lixivium
             ,
             as
             we
             draw
             other
             alkali
             salts
             ;
             but
             among
             all
             these
             substances
             we
             find
             none
             of
             those
             Spirits
             that
             use
             to
             make
             Brandy
             ,
             and
             yet
             nevertheless
             when
             Muste
             hath
             Fermented
             for
             some
             time
             ,
             it
             turns
             into
             Wine
             from
             whence
             you
             may
             draw
             a
             considerable
             quantity
             of
             Inflammable
             Spirits
             .
          
           
             Now
             to
             explicate
             this
             effect
             you
             must
             know
             that
             Muste
             doth
             contain
             a
             great
             deal
             of
             
               Essential
               Salt
            
             ;
             this
             Salt
             like
             a
             volatile
             ,
             making
             an
             effort
             in
             the
             Fermentation
             to
             deliver
             it self
             from
             the
             oily
             parts
             with
             which
             it
             was
             before
             incumbred
             ,
             does
             open
             and
             divide
             them
             ,
             until
             by
             its
             subtile
             and
             keen
             points
             it
             hath
             rarified
             them
             into
             Spirit
             ;
             this
             effort
             of
             the
             salt
             does
             cause
             the
             Ebullition
             which
             happens
             to
             wine
             ,
             and
             which
             at
             the
             same
             time
             does
             help
             to
             purifie
             it
             ;
             for
             it
             separates
             the
             grosser
             parts
             of
             the
             wine
             in
             form
             of
             a
             scum
             ,
             of
             which
             some
             part
             does
             stick
             to
             ,
             and
             petrifie
             on
             the
             sides
             of
             the
             vessel
             ,
             and
             another
             part
             precipitates
             to
             the
             bottom
             ,
             the
             first
             is
             called
             Tartar
             ,
             the
             last
             the
             Lees
             of
             wine
             .
             The
             inflammable
             
               Spirit
               of
               Wine
            
             then
             is
             nothing
             but
             an
             Oil
             exalted
             by
             Salts
             ,
             and
             this
             is
             an
             indubitable
             proof
             of
             what
             I
             establish
             ,
             that
             there
             was
             nothing
             but
             oil
             in
             the
             Muste
             ,
             which
             was
             capable
             of
             taking
             
             fire
             :
             these
             same
             salts
             also
             being
             a
             little
             freed
             from
             the
             cover
             they
             were
             wrapt
             in
             ,
             are
             they
             that
             change
             the
             wallowish
             sweetness
             of
             Muste
             into
             an
             agreeable
             Tartness
             ,
             such
             as
             we
             perceive
             in
             our
             
               French
               Wines
            
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             likewise
             remarkable
             that
             a
             sufficient
             quantity
             of
             Phlegm
             is
             requisite
             for
             the
             better
             separation
             of
             the
             Salts
             in
             their
             Fermentation
             ,
             and
             an
             Exaltation
             of
             the
             Oil
             ;
             for
             otherwise
             several
             changes
             are
             apt
             to
             happen
             :
             for
             example
             ,
             when
             Muscat
             ,
             and
             
               Spanish
               wine
            
             are
             made
             ,
             a
             great
             deal
             of
             Phlegm
             is
             separated
             from
             them
             ;
             for
             the
             
               Muscat
               Grape
            
             is
             left
             to
             dry
             in
             the
             Sun
             upon
             the
             Branches
             ,
             before
             it
             is
             gathered
             to
             put
             into
             the
             press
             ,
             and
             some
             part
             of
             the
             liquor
             of
             the
             Muste
             ,
             with
             which
             
               Spanish
               wine
            
             is
             made
             ,
             is
             Evaporated
             before
             it
             is
             suffered
             to
             Ferment
             ;
             which
             is
             the
             cause
             that
             the
             Salts
             not
             having
             liberty
             to
             expatiate
             ,
             and
             to
             rarifie
             the
             Oil
             as
             much
             as
             they
             would
             do
             if
             they
             had
             room
             ,
             do
             make
             but
             an
             imperfect
             Fermentation
             .
             The
             Oil
             being
             thus
             half
             exalted
             ,
             hath
             still
             strength
             enough
             to
             hinder
             the
             Tartness
             of
             the
             salt
             ,
             and
             therefore
             only
             tickling
             the
             Nerves
             of
             the
             tongue
             ,
             makes
             us
             perceive
             in
             these
             liquors
             a
             sweet
             taste
             .
             And
             this
             is
             also
             the
             reason
             ,
             why
             fewer
             Spirits
             are
             drawn
             from
             Muscat
             and
             
               Spanish
               wines
            
             ,
             than
             from
             
               French
               wines
            
             ;
             for
             whereas
             the
             Spirit
             of
             Wine
             doth
             consist
             in
             a
             rarified
             Oil
             ,
             there
             must
             needs
             be
             fewer
             Spirits
             in
             those
             ,
             than
             in
             
               French
               wines
            
             .
             But
             much
             more
             of
             a
             gross
             Oil
             is
             drawn
             by
             distillation
             from
             those
             half
             fermented
             Wines
             .
          
           
             If
             on
             the
             contrary
             the
             Muste
             should
             be
             loaded
             with
             too
             much
             phlegm
             ,
             as
             it
             happens
             often
             enough
             ,
             there
             follows
             another
             imperfect
             Fermentation
             ,
             because
             
             the
             Salts
             being
             too
             much
             weakned
             by
             it
             are
             not
             able
             sufficiently
             to
             cut
             and
             exalt
             the
             parts
             of
             Oil
             ,
             whence
             it
             comes
             to
             pass
             that
             these
             Wines
             are
             subject
             to
             turn
             aigre
             ,
             or
             to
             sowre
             .
             The
             Wines
             of
             Languedoc
             and
             Provence
             being
             extreamly
             loaded
             with
             Tartar
             ,
             are
             grosser
             than
             the
             Wines
             of
             Burgundy
             and
             Champaigne
             ,
             because
             their
             Spirits
             are
             incumbred
             with
             abundance
             of
             Salt
             and
             Earth
             .
             Wherefore
             the
             goodness
             of
             Wine
             may
             be
             said
             to
             proceed
             from
             a
             convenient
             proportion
             of
             phlegm
             and
             Tartar.
             
          
           
             It
             is
             objected
             to
             this
             last
             discourse
             ,
             that
             the
             Tartareous
             part
             being
             in
             a
             natural
             way
             separated
             from
             the
             Wine
             ,
             should
             in
             no
             wise
             diminish
             the
             quantity
             nor
             the
             strength
             of
             the
             Spirituous
             and
             inflammable
             part
             .
          
           
             But
             when
             I
             asserted
             that
             the
             Spirits
             of
             divers
             Wines
             are
             extreamly
             loaded
             with
             Tartar
             ,
             I
             did
             not
             mean
             that
             Tartar
             which
             petrifies
             at
             the
             sides
             of
             the
             vessels
             ,
             for
             that
             is
             at
             quiet
             ,
             and
             does
             not
             hinder
             the
             Exaltation
             of
             Spirits
             ;
             but
             I
             intended
             a
             Tartar
             that
             still
             remains
             mixt
             in
             the
             Wine
             after
             the
             Fermentation
             ,
             and
             which
             according
             as
             it
             abounds
             more
             or
             less
             ,
             does
             render
             the
             Wines
             more
             or
             less
             thick
             and
             gross
             .
             It
             is
             easy
             to
             see
             this
             Tartar
             I
             speak
             of
             ,
             if
             you
             Evaporate
             the
             aqueous
             part
             of
             Wine
             ,
             for
             it
             will
             remain
             at
             bottom
             in
             form
             of
             Lees.
             Nevertheless
             there
             is
             no
             need
             of
             establishing
             two
             sorts
             of
             Tartar
             in
             one
             kind
             of
             Wine
             ,
             for
             the
             former
             is
             only
             the
             more
             soluble
             part
             of
             the
             other
             .
          
           
             Divers
             little
             Objections
             have
             likewise
             been
             made
             me
             on
             this
             subject
             ,
             for
             want
             of
             duly
             examining
             what
             I
             have
             established
             .
             Wherefore
             I
             do
             not
             desire
             to
             enlarge
             in
             the
             relation
             of
             them
             ,
             
             for
             I
             do
             aim
             as
             much
             as
             I
             can
             ,
             to
             avoid
             Repetitions
             ,
             as
             being
             good
             for
             nothing
             but
             to
             swell
             a
             Book
             and
             tire
             the
             Reader
             .
          
           
             Wine
             diminishes
             the
             appetite
             ,
             as
             saith
             Hippocrates
             ,
             and
             the
             cause
             may
             be
             ,
             because
             the
             Sulphureous
             Spirits
             it
             is
             charged
             with
             ,
             do
             dull
             and
             oppress
             the
             Ferment
             of
             the
             Stomach
             ,
             which
             by
             its
             irritation
             caused
             hunger
             .
          
           
             Vinous
             liquors
             may
             be
             made
             of
             all
             Fruits
             ,
             and
             many
             other
             things
             ,
             by
             means
             of
             Fermentation
             ,
             as
             from
             Apples
             ,
             Pears
             ,
             Honey
             ,
             and
             Hopps
             .
             In
             like
             manner
             Berries
             ,
             Seeds
             ,
             Leaves
             ,
             and
             Flowers
             ,
             may
             be
             made
             to
             Ferment
             :
             but
             because
             several
             of
             these
             things
             are
             naturally
             too
             dry
             to
             ferment
             easily
             ,
             they
             must
             be
             wetted
             with
             water
             ,
             after
             they
             are
             beaten
             ;
             and
             to
             quicken
             their
             Fermentation
             ,
             a
             little
             Yest
             is
             to
             be
             added
             ,
             and
             by
             this
             means
             liquors
             are
             made
             ,
             whence
             burning
             Spirits
             may
             be
             drawn
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             from
             Wine
             .
          
           
             That
             which
             happens
             in
             the
             fermentation
             of
             Wines
             ,
             may
             serve
             very
             well
             to
             explicate
             many
             diseases
             ,
             but
             especially
             the
             
               Small
               Pox
            
             ,
             for
             it
             is
             very
             probable
             that
             in
             this
             disease
             the
             bloud
             does
             boil
             and
             ferment
             in
             the
             vessels
             much
             after
             the
             manner
             as
             Wine
             ferments
             in
             a
             vessel
             .
          
           
             The
             little
             pustules
             of
             the
             
               Small
               Pox
            
             are
             a
             Tartar
             which
             is
             separated
             from
             the
             bloud
             to
             the
             skin
             ,
             after
             the
             same
             manner
             as
             the
             Tartar
             separates
             from
             the
             Wine
             to
             the
             sides
             of
             the
             vessel
             ,
             and
             indeed
             they
             have
             the
             same
             effect
             as
             salt
             in
             corroding
             the
             skin
             .
          
           
             Infants
             are
             more
             subject
             to
             this
             disease
             than
             elder
             persons
             ,
             because
             their
             bloud
             is
             more
             like
             to
             Muste
             ,
             and
             consequently
             is
             more
             subject
             to
             ferment
             .
          
           
           
             The
             Small-pox
             does
             usually
             happen
             but
             once
             in
             a
             mans
             life
             ,
             just
             as
             Muste
             does
             ferment
             also
             but
             once
             .
          
           
             
               Distillation
               of
               Wine
               into
               Brandy
               .
            
             
               Fill
               with
               Wine
               half
               a
               large
               Copper
               body
               ,
               cover
               it
               with
               its
               
                 Moors
                 head
              
               ,
               bordered
               with
               its
               Refrigeratory
               ,
               and
               fit
               to
               it
               a
               Receiver
               ;
               lute
               well
               the
               junctures
               with
               a
               wet
               Bladder
               ,
               and
               distil
               with
               a
               gentle
               fire
               ,
               about
               a
               quarter
               of
               the
               Liquor
               ,
               or
               else
               until
               the
               liquor
               which
               distils
               doth
               not
               burn
               ;
               when
               fire
               is
               put
               to
               it
               ,
               that
               which
               is
               in
               the
               Receiver
               is
               called
               Brandy
               ,
               and
               in
               French
               ,
               
                 Aqua
                 vitae
              
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 Brandy
                 is
                 a
                 Spirit
                 of
                 wine
                 loaded
                 with
                 phlegm
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 hath
                 carried
                 with
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 distillation
                 ;
                 these
                 Spirits
                 do
                 always
                 rise
                 first
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 it
                 is
                 known
                 that
                 there
                 remain
                 no
                 more
                 in
                 the
                 Cucurbite
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 liquor
                 that
                 distils
                 is
                 no
                 longer
                 inflammable
                 .
              
               
                 Brandy
                 may
                 be
                 drawn
                 from
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Wines
                 ,
                 but
                 more
                 of
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 drawn
                 in
                 some
                 Countries
                 than
                 others
                 .
                 For
                 example
                 ,
                 the
                 Wines
                 that
                 are
                 made
                 about
                 Orleans
                 and
                 Paris
                 do
                 yield
                 greater
                 plenty
                 of
                 Brandy
                 than
                 many
                 others
                 which
                 seem
                 to
                 be
                 stronger
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 reason
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 those
                 Wines
                 which
                 appear
                 stronger
                 ,
                 being
                 loaded
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 Tartar
                 ,
                 have
                 their
                 Spirits
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 fixed
                 ,
                 whereas
                 the
                 others
                 containing
                 but
                 a
                 convenient
                 portion
                 of
                 this
                 Tartar
                 ,
                 do
                 leave
                 their
                 Spirits
                 at
                 greater
                 liberty
                 .
              
               
               
                 When
                 Wine
                 has
                 been
                 drunk
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 made
                 a
                 separation
                 of
                 Spirits
                 in
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 much
                 resembling
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 made
                 by
                 distillation
                 :
                 for
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 bowels
                 warming
                 it
                 ,
                 causes
                 the
                 Spirituous
                 parts
                 to
                 spread
                 on
                 all
                 sides
                 through
                 the
                 pores
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 them
                 to
                 mix
                 with
                 the
                 bloud
                 ,
                 and
                 rarefie
                 it
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 it
                 comes
                 to
                 rejoyce
                 the
                 heart
                 ,
                 and
                 encrease
                 the
                 vigour
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 body
                 ;
                 but
                 because
                 these
                 Spirits
                 do
                 always
                 tend
                 upwards
                 ,
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 flies
                 into
                 the
                 brain
                 ,
                 where
                 it
                 quickens
                 its
                 motion
                 ,
                 and
                 produces
                 a
                 certain
                 gaiety
                 of
                 mind
                 that
                 is
                 wont
                 to
                 furnish
                 us
                 with
                 many
                 excellent
                 thoughts
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 now
                 if
                 wine
                 moderately
                 taken
                 is
                 so
                 profitable
                 for
                 the
                 Functions
                 of
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 it
                 likewise
                 causes
                 many
                 mischiefs
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 excessively
                 used
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Spirituous
                 parts
                 rising
                 in
                 great
                 abundance
                 do
                 circulate
                 in
                 the
                 brain
                 with
                 so
                 much
                 celerity
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 soon
                 confound
                 the
                 whole
                 Oeconomy
                 .
                 And
                 then
                 the
                 objects
                 will
                 appear
                 double
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 walls
                 of
                 the
                 place
                 where
                 one
                 is
                 ,
                 seem
                 to
                 have
                 changed
                 their
                 ordinary
                 situation
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Confusion
                 remains
                 until
                 the
                 Spirits
                 having
                 some
                 good
                 time
                 dissolved
                 the
                 phlegm
                 ,
                 do
                 in
                 part
                 condense
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 part
                 spend
                 through
                 the
                 pores
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 likewise
                 then
                 happens
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 man
                 is
                 prone
                 to
                 sleep
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Pituita
                 being
                 attenuated
                 either
                 by
                 the
                 Spirits
                 of
                 wine
                 ,
                 or
                 by
                 the
                 phlegm
                 they
                 have
                 drawn
                 along
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 glides
                 into
                 the
                 small
                 passages
                 of
                 the
                 brain
                 ,
                 and
                 retards
                 the
                 Circulation
                 of
                 the
                 Animal
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 by
                 gluing
                 them
                 together
                 ;
                 for
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 as
                 the
                 motion
                 of
                 the
                 Spirits
                 in
                 the
                 Brain
                 doth
                 beget
                 watchfulness
                 ,
                 so
                 their
                 repose
                 
                 or
                 condensation
                 produces
                 sleep
                 .
                 But
                 I
                 shall
                 speak
                 more
                 amply
                 of
                 this
                 subject
                 hereafter
                 ,
                 when
                 I
                 come
                 to
                 treat
                 of
                 the
                 effects
                 of
                 Opium
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 sleep
                 which
                 is
                 caused
                 through
                 excess
                 of
                 Wine
                 doth
                 usually
                 remain
                 until
                 the
                 Animal
                 Spirits
                 have
                 rarefied
                 this
                 phlegm
                 ,
                 and
                 opened
                 a
                 free
                 passage
                 .
                 Those
                 who
                 are
                 intoxicated
                 with
                 Beer
                 ,
                 Sider
                 or
                 some
                 such
                 like
                 liquor
                 ,
                 do
                 remain
                 in
                 their
                 Drunkenness
                 a
                 longer
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 sleep
                 more
                 after
                 it
                 ,
                 than
                 those
                 who
                 are
                 drunk
                 with
                 Wine
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 these
                 liquors
                 ,
                 carrying
                 along
                 with
                 it
                 a
                 viscous
                 phlegm
                 into
                 the
                 brain
                 ,
                 remains
                 a
                 longer
                 time
                 in
                 the
                 disengaging
                 it self
                 ,
                 and
                 passing
                 through
                 the
                 pores
                 .
                 Again
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 viscosity
                 of
                 this
                 phlegm
                 ,
                 which
                 entring
                 into
                 the
                 Sinus
                 of
                 the
                 brain
                 ,
                 does
                 cause
                 so
                 long
                 a
                 sleep
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 is
                 so
                 hard
                 to
                 rarefie
                 .
              
               
                 Those
                 Accidents
                 that
                 I
                 have
                 related
                 to
                 proceed
                 from
                 the
                 immoderate
                 use
                 of
                 Wine
                 ,
                 are
                 but
                 the
                 first
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 less
                 grievous
                 ,
                 though
                 indeed
                 they
                 are
                 but
                 little
                 to
                 be
                 desired
                 ;
                 every
                 body
                 knows
                 that
                 a
                 continuation
                 of
                 frequent
                 debauches
                 doth
                 at
                 last
                 render
                 a
                 man
                 dull
                 and
                 stupid
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 by
                 reason
                 the
                 Spirits
                 of
                 Wine
                 do
                 not
                 only
                 trouble
                 the
                 Natural
                 Spirits
                 in
                 their
                 functions
                 ,
                 and
                 render
                 them
                 Phlegmatick
                 ,
                 but
                 likewise
                 by
                 rarefying
                 them
                 do
                 ever
                 carry
                 off
                 and
                 lose
                 some
                 store
                 of
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 Persons
                 are
                 likewise
                 subject
                 to
                 a
                 continual
                 spitting
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 they
                 are
                 molested
                 with
                 defluxions
                 ,
                 Catarrhs
                 ,
                 and
                 Gout
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Pituita
                 being
                 rendred
                 more
                 liquid
                 by
                 the
                 Spirits
                 and
                 phlegm
                 of
                 vinous
                 liquors
                 ,
                 is
                 forced
                 to
                 descend
                 through
                 the
                 Lymphatick
                 vessels
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 there
                 happens
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 least
                 obstacle
                 in
                 these
                 vessels
                 ,
                 it
                 takes
                 its
                 course
                 with
                 the
                 Nerves
                 ,
                 and
                 falls
                 upon
                 all
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 
                 body
                 .
                 Lastly
                 ,
                 when
                 excess
                 of
                 wine
                 does
                 occasion
                 falling
                 into
                 the
                 Apoplexy
                 ,
                 and
                 Palsie
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 by
                 reason
                 the
                 Pituita
                 is
                 rendred
                 too
                 liquid
                 by
                 the
                 Spirits
                 and
                 Phlegm
                 of
                 wine
                 ,
                 and
                 causes
                 Obstructions
                 in
                 the
                 head
                 ,
                 and
                 hinders
                 the
                 natural
                 course
                 of
                 the
                 Spirits
                 into
                 the
                 Nerves
                 .
                 Many
                 other
                 sad
                 effects
                 of
                 wine-debauches
                 might
                 be
                 here
                 mentioned
                 ,
                 but
                 this
                 digression
                 is
                 too
                 long
                 .
                 Let
                 us
                 return
                 to
                 our
                 Operation
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 wine
                 hath
                 been
                 deprived
                 of
                 these
                 Sulphureous
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 there
                 remains
                 in
                 the
                 body
                 a
                 Tartareous
                 liquor
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 exposed
                 a
                 good
                 while
                 to
                 the
                 Sun
                 in
                 a
                 Cask
                 without
                 its
                 stopple
                 ,
                 turns
                 into
                 good
                 Vinegar
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 may
                 be
                 some
                 such
                 thing
                 happens
                 in
                 the
                 Bodies
                 of
                 those
                 who
                 accustom
                 to
                 drink
                 too
                 much
                 wine
                 ;
                 for
                 whereas
                 the
                 volatile
                 parts
                 ,
                 which
                 ascend
                 to
                 the
                 Brain
                 and
                 Heart
                 ,
                 by
                 an
                 agitation
                 of
                 the
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 do
                 beget
                 Joy
                 ;
                 so
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 the
                 Tartareous
                 parts
                 by
                 fixing
                 the
                 humors
                 about
                 the
                 Hypochondria
                 ,
                 do
                 cause
                 by
                 little
                 and
                 little
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 called
                 Melancholy
                 ,
                 which
                 proceeds
                 from
                 an
                 acid
                 ;
                 whence
                 it
                 comes
                 to
                 pass
                 that
                 many
                 men
                 making
                 a
                 debauch
                 upon
                 wine
                 ,
                 with
                 design
                 to
                 pass
                 away
                 their
                 Melancholy
                 ,
                 do
                 afterwards
                 find
                 they
                 have
                 encreased
                 it
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 debauch
                 hath
                 had
                 its
                 effect
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 would
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 curiosity
                 make
                 an
                 exact
                 Analysis
                 of
                 wine
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 take
                 that
                 which
                 remains
                 in
                 the
                 body
                 after
                 distillation
                 of
                 the
                 Brandy
                 ,
                 and
                 distil
                 off
                 all
                 the
                 phlegm
                 ,
                 there
                 will
                 remain
                 a
                 Matter
                 like
                 unto
                 Rosine
                 ,
                 put
                 it
                 into
                 a
                 Retort
                 ,
                 and
                 placing
                 it
                 in
                 a
                 Furnace
                 ,
                 distil
                 away
                 more
                 phlegm
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 small
                 fire
                 ,
                 until
                 it
                 begins
                 to
                 come
                 sharp
                 .
                 Then
                 fit
                 a
                 large
                 Receiver
                 to
                 the
                 Retort
                 ,
                 and
                 luting
                 well
                 
                 the
                 junctures
                 ,
                 strengthen
                 the
                 fire
                 by
                 degrees
                 ,
                 to
                 drive
                 forth
                 acid
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 little
                 fetid
                 Oil
                 ,
                 continue
                 the
                 fire
                 until
                 there
                 comes
                 no
                 more
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Oil
                 is
                 separated
                 from
                 the
                 Spirit
                 in
                 a
                 Tunnel
                 lined
                 with
                 brown
                 paper
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Spirit
                 will
                 pass
                 through
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Oil
                 being
                 too
                 thick
                 will
                 remain
                 .
                 But
                 it
                 is
                 here
                 remarkable
                 ,
                 that
                 more
                 of
                 this
                 Spirit
                 and
                 Oil
                 is
                 drawn
                 from
                 Muste
                 ,
                 than
                 wine
                 ;
                 which
                 sufficiently
                 proves
                 the
                 Remark
                 I
                 made
                 before
                 ,
                 touching
                 the
                 origine
                 of
                 the
                 volatile
                 Spirit
                 of
                 wine
                 ;
                 for
                 seeing
                 good
                 store
                 of
                 the
                 Oil
                 of
                 Muste
                 hath
                 contributed
                 to
                 the
                 making
                 volatile
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Wine
                 ,
                 there
                 must
                 needs
                 remain
                 but
                 very
                 little
                 Oyl
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 liquor
                 that
                 Brandy
                 is
                 drawn
                 from
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 acid
                 Spirit
                 of
                 wine
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Black
                 Oil
                 ,
                 are
                 like
                 to
                 those
                 of
                 Tartar
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 shall
                 describe
                 anon
                 .
                 And
                 an
                 alkali
                 salt
                 wholly
                 resembling
                 that
                 of
                 Tartar
                 may
                 be
                 drawn
                 by
                 a
                 Lixivium
                 from
                 the
                 mass
                 that
                 remains
                 in
                 the
                 Retort
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Spirit
               of
               Wine
               .
            
             
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Wine
              
               is
               the
               oily
               part
               of
               wine
               rarefied
               by
               acid
               Salts
               .
            
             
               Fill
               a
               large
               bolt-head
               with
               a
               long
               neck
               ,
               half
               full
               with
               Brandy
               ,
               and
               fitting
               a
               head
               and
               Receiver
               ,
               lute
               close
               the
               junctures
               ;
               set
               your
               bolthead
               upon
               a
               pot
               half
               filled
               with
               water
               ,
               to
               distil
               in
               a
               vaporous
               Bath
               ,
               the
               Spirit
               ,
               which
               separates
               from
               the
               phlegm
               ,
               and
               rises
               pure
               :
               continue
               this
               degree
               of
               fire
               until
               nothing
               more
               distils
               ,
               thus
               you
               'l
               have
               a
               dephlegmated
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Wine
              
               in
               the
               very
               first
               distillation
               .
            
             
             
               It
               serves
               for
               a
               Menstruum
               to
               a
               great
               many
               things
               in
               Chymistry
               ;
               half
               a
               spoonful
               of
               it
               is
               given
               to
               Apoplectical
               ,
               and
               Lethargical
               persons
               ,
               to
               make
               them
               come
               to
               themselves
               ;
               likewise
               their
               Wrists
               ,
               Breast
               ,
               and
               Face
               are
               rubbed
               with
               it
               .
               'T
               is
               a
               good
               Remedy
               for
               Burnings
               ,
               if
               applied
               so
               soon
               as
               they
               happen
               ;
               and
               it
               is
               good
               for
               cold
               pains
               ,
               for
               the
               Palsie
               ,
               Contusions
               ,
               and
               other
               Maladies
               ,
               wherein
               it
               is
               requisite
               to
               discuss
               ,
               and
               to
               open
               the
               pores
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 usual
                 way
                 of
                 making
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 ,
                 is
                 by
                 distilling
                 Brandy
                 in
                 a
                 Limbeck
                 so
                 many
                 times
                 over
                 until
                 it
                 comes
                 pure
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 do
                 this
                 ,
                 about
                 half
                 the
                 Brandy
                 is
                 drawn
                 by
                 distillation
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 phlegm
                 that
                 remains
                 at
                 bottom
                 accounted
                 of
                 no
                 use
                 .
                 Again
                 ,
                 half
                 the
                 Spirit
                 which
                 was
                 distilled
                 is
                 anew
                 drawn
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 phlegm
                 thrown
                 away
                 ;
                 these
                 Rectifications
                 are
                 continued
                 ,
                 until
                 you
                 find
                 by
                 firing
                 a
                 spoonful
                 of
                 the
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 that
                 every
                 drop
                 burns
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 remains
                 not
                 the
                 least
                 Phlegm
                 ;
                 but
                 because
                 this
                 Operation
                 is
                 very
                 tedious
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 hard
                 matter
                 thus
                 to
                 get
                 a
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 wholly
                 free
                 from
                 Phlegm
                 ,
                 even
                 after
                 nine
                 or
                 ten
                 times
                 repeating
                 these
                 distillations
                 ,
                 let
                 the
                 fire
                 be
                 never
                 so
                 small
                 ;
                 Artists
                 have
                 invented
                 a
                 long
                 Machine
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 call
                 the
                 Serpent
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 circumvolutions
                 which
                 it
                 makes
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 fitted
                 to
                 the
                 Cucurbite
                 containing
                 the
                 Brandy
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 top
                 made
                 like
                 a
                 Tunnel
                 receives
                 the
                 head
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 a
                 Receiver
                 is
                 fitted
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 junctures
                 well
                 luted
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 vessel
                 placed
                 in
                 a
                 small
                 fire
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Spirits
                   of
                   
                   Wine
                
                 do
                 rise
                 by
                 this
                 gentle
                 heat
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 phlegm
                 being
                 too
                 heavy
                 cannot
                 ascend
                 so
                 high
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 thus
                 a
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 deprived
                 of
                 its
                 phlegm
                 is
                 had
                 the
                 very
                 first
                 time
                 .
                 But
                 because
                 this
                 Machine
                 is
                 hard
                 to
                 carry
                 into
                 the
                 country
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 places
                 where
                 one
                 would
                 desire
                 to
                 make
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 ,
                 and
                 besides
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 subject
                 to
                 loosen
                 in
                 the
                 joints
                 ,
                 through
                 the
                 violence
                 of
                 the
                 Spirits
                 ;
                 I
                 have
                 thought
                 that
                 the
                 way
                 I
                 delivered
                 for
                 making
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 was
                 more
                 commodious
                 ;
                 for
                 provided
                 you
                 have
                 but
                 a
                 matrass
                 and
                 a
                 head
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 an
                 easie
                 matter
                 to
                 draw
                 as
                 good
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 as
                 that
                 by
                 the
                 Serpent
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 's
                 no
                 need
                 to
                 fear
                 the
                 Spirits
                 breaking
                 any
                 way
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 vessel
                 ,
                 if
                 you
                 do
                 but
                 lute
                 well
                 the
                 junctures
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 said
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 matrass
                 must
                 have
                 a
                 very
                 long
                 neck
                 ,
                 that
                 no
                 phlegm
                 may
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 rise
                 into
                 the
                 Receiver
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 vaporous
                 Bath
                 is
                 fitter
                 than
                 any
                 other
                 to
                 perform
                 this
                 Operation
                 in
                 ,
                 because
                 a
                 most
                 moderate
                 heat
                 is
                 requisite
                 to
                 raise
                 up
                 the
                 Spirits
                 all
                 alone
                 ;
                 now
                 the
                 vapour
                 of
                 water
                 warms
                 very
                 insensibly
                 .
                 You
                 must
                 continue
                 the
                 same
                 degree
                 of
                 fire
                 ,
                 until
                 there
                 comes
                 nothing
                 more
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 persons
                 do
                 endeavour
                 to
                 reject
                 the
                 method
                 that
                 I
                 have
                 described
                 for
                 drawing
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 ,
                 because
                 ,
                 say
                 they
                 ,
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 is
                 required
                 to
                 draw
                 a
                 little
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 difficulty
                 they
                 conceive
                 in
                 procuring
                 such
                 vessels
                 well
                 made
                 ,
                 at
                 Paris
                 ,
                 and
                 much
                 more
                 so
                 in
                 the
                 Country
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 it
                 is
                 likely
                 these
                 Gentlemen
                 do
                 blame
                 this
                 method
                 because
                 they
                 never
                 tried
                 it
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 but
                 taken
                 the
                 pains
                 to
                 make
                 Experiment
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 have
                 found
                 that
                 with
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 of
                 these
                 vessels
                 ,
                 they
                 might
                 have
                 drawn
                 as
                 much
                 
                   Spirit
                   
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 could
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 do
                 with
                 their
                 great
                 Machine
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 this
                 Spirit
                 is
                 not
                 liable
                 to
                 the
                 impression
                 which
                 might
                 be
                 communicated
                 to
                 it
                 from
                 Copper
                 or
                 Tin
                 vessels
                 .
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 difficulty
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 pretended
                 of
                 getting
                 such
                 glass
                 vessels
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 none
                 at
                 all
                 that
                 I
                 know
                 of
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 for
                 such
                 as
                 will
                 not
                 take
                 the
                 pains
                 to
                 visit
                 the
                 Glass-houses
                 ,
                 for
                 there
                 they
                 would
                 find
                 enough
                 for
                 their
                 turn
                 ;
                 and
                 though
                 I
                 use
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 in
                 my
                 
                   Courses
                   of
                   Chymistry
                
                 ,
                 I
                 never
                 was
                 to
                 seek
                 for
                 any
                 yet
                 .
                 But
                 suppose
                 there
                 were
                 none
                 to
                 be
                 found
                 ready
                 made
                 ,
                 methinks
                 they
                 might
                 as
                 easily
                 bespeak
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 them
                 made
                 at
                 the
                 Glass-houses
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 bespeak
                 those
                 grand
                 Copper
                 or
                 Tin
                 Machines
                 ,
                 that
                 are
                 commonly
                 used
                 .
                 I
                 know
                 that
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 better
                 pleased
                 with
                 making
                 a
                 Fair
                 shew
                 ,
                 than
                 with
                 the
                 effects
                 of
                 things
                 ,
                 and
                 who
                 measure
                 the
                 goodness
                 of
                 an
                 Operation
                 by
                 the
                 trouble
                 it
                 gives
                 one
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 vessels
                 and
                 Furnaces
                 ,
                 will
                 find
                 here
                 but
                 little
                 to
                 their
                 satisfaction
                 .
                 But
                 I
                 am
                 very
                 little
                 concerned
                 at
                 such
                 mens
                 exceptions
                 ,
                 I
                 never
                 endeavoured
                 to
                 follow
                 their
                 Track
                 .
                 My
                 design
                 is
                 simply
                 to
                 facilitate
                 the
                 means
                 of
                 working
                 in
                 Chymistry
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 take
                 away
                 ,
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 lies
                 in
                 my
                 power
                 ,
                 those
                 things
                 which
                 render
                 it
                 mysterious
                 and
                 dark
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 is
                 good
                 for
                 Lethargical
                 ,
                 and
                 Apoplectical
                 persons
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 puts
                 the
                 Spirits
                 into
                 a
                 greater
                 motion
                 than
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 before
                 .
                 Now
                 because
                 according
                 to
                 all
                 appearance
                 these
                 Diseases
                 are
                 caused
                 by
                 Obstructions
                 which
                 hinder
                 the
                 course
                 of
                 the
                 Spirits
                 into
                 the
                 Brain
                 ,
                 this
                 Spirit
                 serves
                 to
                 give
                 them
                 a
                 new
                 vigour
                 ,
                 to
                 dissolve
                 and
                 rarefie
                 these
                 Tartareous
                 viscosities
                 which
                 shut
                 up
                 their
                 
                 passage
                 .
                 It
                 likewise
                 discusses
                 Tumors
                 and
                 Defluxions
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 not
                 only
                 opens
                 the
                 pores
                 ,
                 and
                 gives
                 vent
                 to
                 the
                 subtler
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 humor
                 to
                 perspire
                 ,
                 but
                 likewise
                 dissolves
                 and
                 rarefies
                 the
                 grosser
                 part
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 render
                 it
                 fit
                 to
                 circulate
                 with
                 the
                 blood
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 is
                 excellent
                 for
                 Burnings
                 ,
                 provided
                 it
                 be
                 used
                 so
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 happen
                 ;
                 for
                 then
                 it
                 opens
                 a
                 passage
                 for
                 the
                 igneous
                 particles
                 to
                 come
                 out
                 at
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 there
                 should
                 remain
                 any
                 within
                 the
                 part
                 ,
                 it
                 unites
                 with
                 them
                 as
                 it
                 uses
                 to
                 do
                 when
                 mixed
                 with
                 an
                 Acid.
                 
              
            
          
           
             
               Spirit
               of
               Wine
               Tartarised
               .
            
             
               This
               preparation
               is
               a
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Wine
              
               that
               has
               carried
               with
               it
               some
               portion
               of
               
                 Salt
                 of
                 Tartar.
              
               
            
             
               Put
               a
               Pound
               of
               
                 Salt
                 of
                 Tartar
              
               into
               a
               long
               glass-body
               ;
               pour
               upon
               it
               four
               pounds
               of
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Wine
              
               prepared
               as
               I
               said
               before
               :
               place
               your
               vessel
               in
               Sand
               ,
               and
               cover
               it
               with
               a
               head
               to
               which
               fit
               a
               Receiver
               ,
               lute
               well
               the
               junctures
               with
               a
               wet
               Bladder
               ,
               and
               give
               it
               a
               gradual
               fire
               ,
               which
               continue
               until
               three
               parts
               of
               the
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Wine
              
               are
               risen
               ;
               then
               remove
               the
               fire
               ,
               and
               keep
               this
               Spirit
               in
               a
               Viol
               well
               stopt
               ;
               it
               hath
               the
               same
               virtues
               as
               the
               other
               ,
               but
               is
               more
               subtile
               .
            
             
               The
               liquor
               that
               remains
               in
               the
               body
               may
               be
               evaporated
               ,
               and
               a
               
                 Salt
                 of
                 Tartar
              
               got
               as
               good
               as
               before
               .
            
             
               
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Operation
                 is
                 only
                 a
                 Rectification
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 ,
                 to
                 render
                 it
                 more
                 subtile
                 than
                 it
                 was
                 before
                 ;
                 because
                 the
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 becomes
                 impregnated
                 with
                 the
                 Phlegmatick
                 parts
                 ,
                 and
                 hinders
                 them
                 from
                 rising
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 doth
                 likewise
                 volatilize
                 ,
                 and
                 carry
                 along
                 with
                 it
                 some
                 portion
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 ,
                 which
                 gives
                 it
                 a
                 very
                 agreeable
                 smell
                 ,
                 and
                 renders
                 it
                 a
                 good
                 Remedy
                 for
                 Obstructions
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 sign
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 has
                 carried
                 along
                 with
                 it
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 ,
                 is
                 this
                 :
                 if
                 you
                 dry
                 gently
                 the
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 that
                 remains
                 in
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 weigh
                 it
                 ,
                 you
                 'l
                 find
                 it
                 diminished
                 an
                 ounce
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 may
                 again
                 put
                 this
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Wine
                   Tartarized
                
                 to
                 half
                 a
                 pound
                 of
                 more
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 ,
                 and
                 distil
                 it
                 as
                 before
                 ,
                 but
                 I
                 have
                 found
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 never
                 a-whit
                 the
                 better
                 for
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 way
                 of
                 
                   Tartarizing
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 is
                 the
                 very
                 best
                 and
                 shortest
                 of
                 all
                 that
                 have
                 been
                 invented
                 ,
                 whether
                 you
                 desire
                 to
                 make
                 it
                 pure
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 impregnate
                 it
                 with
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 ;
                 and
                 I
                 may
                 venture
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 many
                 long
                 and
                 tedious
                 descriptions
                 that
                 have
                 been
                 given
                 of
                 this
                 Operation
                 ,
                 have
                 been
                 only
                 invented
                 to
                 cast
                 a
                 dust
                 into
                 the
                 eyes
                 of
                 Novices
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 is
                 easie
                 for
                 any
                 to
                 observe
                 ,
                 who
                 give
                 themselves
                 a
                 little
                 to
                 examine
                 things
                 ,
                 that
                 after
                 all
                 their
                 long
                 turnings
                 and
                 windings
                 ,
                 and
                 circumstances
                 to
                 no
                 purpose
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 well
                 Tartarized
                 ,
                 as
                 by
                 the
                 plain
                 method
                 that
                 I
                 have
                 described
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               Queen
               of
               
               Hungary's
               Water
               .
            
             
               This
               Operation
               is
               a
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Wine
              
               impregnated
               with
               the
               more
               essential
               part
               of
               
                 Rosemary
                 flowers
              
               .
            
             
               Fill
               a
               glass
               or
               earthen
               cucurbite
               half
               full
               with
               
                 Rosemary
                 Flowers
              
               ,
               gathered
               when
               they
               are
               at
               their
               best
               ;
               pour
               upon
               it
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Wine
              
               sufficient
               to
               infuse
               the
               Flowers
               in
               ;
               set
               your
               Cucurbite
               in
               a
               Balneum
               ,
               and
               joyning
               its
               head
               ,
               and
               Receiver
               ,
               lute
               close
               the
               junctures
               ,
               and
               give
               it
               a
               digesting
               fire
               for
               three
               days
               ,
               after
               which
               unlute
               them
               ,
               and
               pour
               into
               the
               Cucurbite
               that
               which
               may
               have
               been
               distilled
               .
               Refit
               your
               Alembick
               ,
               and
               encrease
               the
               fire
               strong
               enough
               to
               make
               the
               liquor
               distil
               ,
               so
               as
               one
               drop
               may
               immediately
               follow
               another
               ;
               and
               when
               you
               shall
               have
               drawn
               about
               two
               thirds
               of
               it
               ,
               and
               put
               out
               the
               fire
               ,
               let
               the
               vessels
               cool
               ,
               and
               unlute
               them
               ,
               you
               'l
               find
               in
               the
               Receiver
               a
               very
               good
               
                 Water
                 of
                 the
                 Queen
                 of
                 Hungary
                 ,
              
               keep
               it
               in
               a
               Viol
               well
               stopt
               .
               It
               is
               good
               in
               the
               Palsie
               ,
               Lethargy
               ,
               Apoplexy
               ,
               and
               Hysterical
               Maladies
               :
               The
               Dose
               is
               from
               one
               drachm
               to
               two
               .
               It
               is
               likewise
               used
               outwardly
               for
               Burnings
               ,
               Tumors
               ,
               Cold
               pains
               ,
               Contusions
               ,
               Palsie
               ,
               and
               all
               other
               occasions
               ,
               wherein
               it
               is
               requisite
               to
               revive
               the
               Spirits
               .
               Ladies
               do
               use
               to
               mix
               half
               an
               ounce
               of
               it
               with
               six
               ounces
               of
               Lily-water
               ,
               or
               Bean-flower
               water
               ,
               and
               wash
               their
               Face
               with
               it
               ,
               to
               clear
               their
               complexion
               .
            
             
               
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 must
                 distil
                 this
                 water
                 in
                 a
                 Fire
                 that
                 is
                 strong
                 enough
                 ,
                 for
                 otherwise
                 the
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 would
                 rise
                 alone
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 draw
                 along
                 with
                 it
                 but
                 very
                 little
                 Essence
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 observed
                 in
                 the
                 working
                 upon
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Oyl
                 or
                 
                   Essence
                   of
                   Rosemary
                
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 made
                 as
                 the
                 
                   Oyl
                   of
                   Cinnamon
                
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 drops
                 of
                 it
                 mixed
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 ,
                 and
                 hereby
                 you
                 have
                 a
                 
                   Queen
                   of
                   Hungary's
                   water
                
                 made
                 upon
                 the
                 spot
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Water
                 of
                 the
                 Queen
                 of
                 Hungary
                 sometimes
                 gives
                 ease
                 to
                 the
                 Tooth-ach
                 ,
                 being
                 snufft
                 at
                 the
                 Nose
                 ,
                 or
                 applied
                 to
                 the
                 Gums
                 with
                 a
                 little
                 Cotton
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 thinking
                 to
                 Criticize
                 a
                 little
                 ,
                 do
                 say
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 altogether
                 useless
                 to
                 digest
                 
                   Rosemary
                   flowers
                
                 with
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 ,
                 because
                 their
                 substance
                 being
                 of
                 a
                 very
                 Volatile
                 nature
                 ,
                 it
                 easily
                 dissolves
                 in
                 the
                 Spirit
                 without
                 any
                 digestion
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 this
                 Circumstance
                 is
                 very
                 necessary
                 ,
                 if
                 we
                 desire
                 to
                 have
                 a
                 Water
                 well
                 impregnated
                 with
                 the
                 Essence
                 of
                 the
                 Flowers
                 ,
                 for
                 although
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Volatile
                 substance
                 in
                 Rosemary
                 ,
                 yet
                 good
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Oil
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 consists
                 principally
                 the
                 Smell
                 ,
                 is
                 involved
                 in
                 the
                 other
                 Principles
                 ,
                 and
                 cannot
                 be
                 well
                 rarefied
                 ,
                 mixed
                 ,
                 and
                 exalted
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 by
                 a
                 digestion
                 :
                 and
                 thus
                 we
                 have
                 a
                 very
                 good
                 effect
                 from
                 it
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             XIII
             .
             
               Of
               Vinegar
            
             .
          
           
             WInes
             ,
             like
             all
             other
             liquors
             that
             use
             to
             Ferment
             ,
             do
             grow
             sowr
             by
             the
             dissolution
             of
             their
             Tartar
             in
             a
             second
             Fermentation
             :
             This
             dissolution
             is
             commonly
             made
             ,
             when
             upon
             the
             Wines
             going
             to
             decay
             ,
             some
             of
             the
             more
             subtile
             Spirits
             are
             lost
             ;
             for
             the
             Tartar
             taking
             their
             place
             fixes
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Spirits
             which
             remain
             in
             the
             Wine
             ,
             so
             that
             they
             can
             act
             no
             longer
             .
             This
             fixation
             is
             the
             cause
             that
             when
             the
             Wine
             turns
             sowr
             ,
             very
             little
             quantity
             of
             it
             is
             diminished
             ,
             and
             very
             little
             Tartar
             is
             found
             in
             the
             vessels
             wherein
             Vinegar
             is
             made
             .
          
           
             To
             the
             end
             that
             Wine
             may
             quickly
             sowr
             ,
             you
             must
             set
             the
             Vessel
             that
             contains
             it
             in
             some
             hot
             place
             ,
             and
             mix
             the
             Lees
             from
             time
             to
             time
             ;
             for
             this
             Tartar
             will
             easily
             dissolve
             ,
             when
             heat
             comes
             to
             act
             upon
             it
             .
          
           
             Perhaps
             it
             will
             be
             objected
             that
             Wine
             deprived
             of
             Tartar
             and
             Lees
             does
             grow
             sowr
             ,
             when
             kept
             a
             long
             time
             in
             a
             vessel
             ,
             without
             any
             dissolution
             of
             Tartar.
             
          
           
             But
             we
             must
             consider
             that
             Wine
             ,
             let
             it
             be
             as
             clear
             and
             pure
             as
             may
             be
             ,
             does
             always
             retain
             the
             more
             saline
             and
             subtile
             part
             of
             Tartar
             ,
             which
             exalts
             and
             easily
             smells
             ,
             when
             by
             Fermentation
             it
             gets
             the
             predominancy
             of
             the
             Sulphureous
             Spirits
             ,
             
             which
             held
             it
             as
             it
             were
             involved
             :
             and
             thus
             clear
             wine
             sowrs
             alone
             ,
             but
             it
             does
             not
             sowr
             so
             fast
             ,
             and
             the
             Vinegar
             is
             not
             so
             strong
             ,
             as
             when
             it
             is
             made
             upon
             Tartar.
             
          
           
             Furthermore
             if
             we
             consider
             the
             Principles
             that
             wine
             consists
             of
             ,
             we
             shall
             find
             ,
             that
             neither
             the
             Oil
             ,
             nor
             Earth
             ,
             nor
             Water
             ,
             are
             capable
             of
             yielding
             any
             Acidity
             ,
             and
             that
             nothing
             but
             the
             Salt
             is
             able
             to
             give
             it
             .
             Now
             it
             cannot
             be
             doubted
             but
             that
             the
             Salt
             of
             wine
             is
             in
             the
             Tartar.
             
          
           
             It
             may
             be
             added
             here
             ,
             that
             the
             Air
             to
             which
             wines
             are
             exposed
             ,
             by
             leaving
             the
             vessel
             open
             ,
             when
             they
             would
             have
             them
             turn
             into
             Vinegar
             ,
             does
             likewise
             communicate
             a
             little
             of
             its
             Acidity
             to
             the
             wines
             ,
             by
             exciting
             and
             rarifying
             the
             Acid
             of
             Tartar.
             
          
           
             
               Distillation
               of
               Vinegar
               .
            
             
               Put
               six
               quarts
               of
               strong
               Vinegar
               into
               an
               earthen
               pan
               ;
               evaporate
               in
               Balneum
               about
               a
               quart
               ,
               which
               is
               the
               Phlegmatick
               part
               ;
               and
               pour
               that
               which
               remains
               into
               a
               glass
               or
               earthen
               Cucurbite
               ,
               and
               distil
               it
               in
               a
               strong
               sand-heat
               ,
               until
               there
               remains
               at
               bottom
               nothing
               but
               a
               substance
               like
               Honey
               ;
               keep
               this
               Vinegar
               well
               stopt
               ,
               many
               do
               call
               it
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Vinegar
              
               .
            
             
               It
               s
               principal
               use
               is
               to
               dissolve
               or
               precipitate
               bodies
               .
               It
               is
               sometimes
               mixed
               in
               Cordial
               potions
               ,
               to
               resist
               putrefaction
               ;
               the
               dose
               is
               half
               a
               spoonful
               :
               it
               is
               mixed
               with
               water
               ,
               and
               this
               Oxycrate
               is
               used
               to
               stop
               Hemorrhagies
               ,
               taken
               inwardly
               ,
               and
               to
               asswage
               Inflammations
               ,
               applied
               outwardly
               .
            
             
               
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Acidity
                 of
                 Vinegar
                 consists
                 in
                 an
                 Essential
                 ,
                 or
                 Tartareous
                 Salt
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 heavier
                 than
                 the
                 Phlegm
                 rises
                 last
                 ;
                 but
                 you
                 must
                 evaporate
                 this
                 Phlegm
                 very
                 gently
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Acid
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Vinegar
                 will
                 easily
                 sublime
                 with
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 do
                 use
                 an
                 earthen
                 pan
                 ,
                 rather
                 than
                 a
                 Cucurbite
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Phlegm
                 of
                 Vinegar
                 finding
                 a
                 large
                 open
                 passage
                 may
                 evaporate
                 the
                 more
                 easily
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 would
                 be
                 no
                 great
                 fault
                 ,
                 if
                 you
                 should
                 distil
                 the
                 Vinegar
                 without
                 dephlegmating
                 it
                 first
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 separating
                 the
                 phlegm
                 from
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 of
                 so
                 much
                 consideration
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 make
                 it
                 as
                 clear
                 as
                 pure
                 water
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 not
                 bestow
                 any
                 particular
                 tincture
                 to
                 the
                 ingredients
                 that
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 dissolved
                 in
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Vinegar
                 is
                 much
                 less
                 fixed
                 than
                 many
                 other
                 acids
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 partakes
                 of
                 the
                 Sulphureous
                 Spirits
                 of
                 wine
                 which
                 still
                 remain
                 in
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Common
                   Vinegar
                
                 keeps
                 its
                 strength
                 a
                 longer
                 time
                 than
                 the
                 distilled
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 contains
                 a
                 more
                 Terrestrious
                 Salt
                 ,
                 that
                 doth
                 not
                 Volatilize
                 so
                 easily
                 .
                 And
                 for
                 this
                 reason
                 ,
                 you
                 should
                 rather
                 chuse
                 to
                 use
                 Vinegar
                 newly
                 distilled
                 ,
                 than
                 that
                 which
                 hath
                 been
                 kept
                 a
                 good
                 while
                 .
                 All
                 Acids
                 do
                 prove
                 Cordial
                 ,
                 and
                 good
                 against
                 malignity
                 of
                 humors
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 caused
                 by
                 too
                 great
                 a
                 commotion
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 fixes
                 and
                 Coagulates
                 them
                 ,
                 moderating
                 their
                 motion
                 .
                 Thus
                 in
                 places
                 where
                 the
                 Air
                 is
                 corrupted
                 ,
                 and
                 Pestilential
                 ,
                 Vinegar
                 is
                 a
                 good
                 Preservative
                 ;
                 you
                 may
                 every
                 morning
                 take
                 half
                 a
                 Spoonful
                 of
                 it
                 Fasting
                 ;
                 but
                 in
                 diseases
                 which
                 proceed
                 from
                 a
                 Tartareous
                 
                 humor
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Hypochondriack
                 melancholy
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 rather
                 hurtful
                 than
                 good
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 fixes
                 the
                 humors
                 the
                 more
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 having
                 dried
                 and
                 calcined
                 the
                 sweet
                 extract
                 that
                 remains
                 at
                 the
                 bottom
                 of
                 the
                 Cucurbite
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 distillation
                 of
                 Vinegar
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 by
                 Solution
                 ,
                 Filtration
                 ,
                 and
                 Coagulation
                 ,
                 separated
                 from
                 it
                 an
                 Alkali
                 fixt
                 salt
                 ,
                 much
                 like
                 to
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 drawn
                 from
                 Tartar
                 ,
                 they
                 do
                 mix
                 it
                 with
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Vinegar
                
                 ,
                 and
                 distil
                 and
                 cohobate
                 it
                 divers
                 times
                 ,
                 until
                 ,
                 say
                 they
                 ,
                 the
                 spirit
                 has
                 carried
                 off
                 all
                 the
                 salt
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 will
                 needs
                 have
                 it
                 called
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Vinegar
                   Alkalized
                
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   Radical
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Vinegar
                
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 affirm
                 that
                 this
                 being
                 much
                 more
                 pure
                 ,
                 and
                 entirely
                 united
                 with
                 its
                 proper
                 salt
                 ,
                 is
                 much
                 the
                 more
                 powerful
                 in
                 dissolving
                 Metals
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 distilled
                 Vinegar
                 is
                 so
                 far
                 from
                 becoming
                 the
                 stronger
                 through
                 this
                 Preparation
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 can
                 demonstrate
                 that
                 it
                 breaks
                 and
                 loses
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 its
                 edges
                 in
                 contending
                 with
                 the
                 Alkali
                 salt
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 it
                 is
                 mixt
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 property
                 of
                 this
                 salt
                 to
                 sweeten
                 Acids
                 .
              
               
                 Neither
                 is
                 it
                 necessary
                 to
                 believe
                 that
                 by
                 distillations
                 is
                 so
                 drawn
                 the
                 Alkali
                 salt
                 of
                 Vinegar
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 remains
                 fixt
                 at
                 bottom
                 of
                 the
                 Retort
                 with
                 the
                 acids
                 it
                 is
                 impregnated
                 with
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 this
                 same
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Vinegar
                
                 to
                 which
                 so
                 many
                 great
                 names
                 and
                 uses
                 have
                 been
                 appropriated
                 ,
                 is
                 properly
                 the
                 more
                 Phlegmatick
                 part
                 of
                 distilled
                 Vinegar
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             XIV
             .
             
               Of
               Tartar.
            
             
          
           
             ANY
             gross
             or
             terrestrious
             matter
             ,
             that
             sticks
             to
             the
             sides
             of
             the
             vessel
             ,
             when
             separated
             from
             its
             liquor
             by
             means
             of
             Fermentation
             is
             called
             Tartar.
             But
             the
             Tartar
             I
             am
             going
             to
             speak
             of
             here
             ,
             is
             that
             of
             Wine
             .
             It
             is
             found
             sticking
             to
             Casks
             like
             a
             very
             hard
             stone
             ,
             sometimes
             white
             ,
             and
             sometimes
             red
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             colour
             of
             the
             wine
             it
             comes
             from
             .
          
           
             White
             Tartar
             is
             to
             be
             prefer'd
             before
             red
             ,
             because
             it
             is
             purer
             ,
             and
             contains
             less
             earth
             ;
             both
             one
             and
             t'other
             are
             had
             in
             greater
             abundance
             in
             hot
             Countries
             ,
             such
             as
             Languedock
             and
             Provence
             ,
             than
             many
             other
             Climats
             ;
             but
             the
             best
             white
             Tartar
             of
             all
             is
             brought
             out
             of
             Germany
             ,
             it
             must
             be
             heavy
             ,
             White
             ,
             and
             Crystalline
             .
          
           
             The
             Lees
             of
             wine
             are
             likewise
             a
             liquified
             Tartar
             ,
             they
             are
             burned
             ,
             and
             the
             Ashes
             that
             are
             made
             of
             them
             are
             called
             
               Cineres
               Clavellati
            
             ,
             in
             English
             ,
             
               Gravelled
               Ashes
            
             .
          
           
             
               Crystals
               of
               Tartar.
               
            
             
               This
               Operation
               is
               a
               Tartar
               purified
               ,
               and
               coagulated
               in
               form
               of
               Crystals
               .
            
             
             
               Boil
               in
               a
               great
               deal
               of
               water
               what
               quantity
               of
               white
               Tartar
               you
               please
               ,
               until
               it
               be
               all
               dissolved
               ;
               pass
               the
               liquor
               hot
               through
               
                 Hippocrates
                 his
                 Sleeve
              
               ,
               into
               an
               earthen
               vessel
               ,
               and
               evaporate
               about
               half
               of
               it
               :
               set
               the
               vessel
               in
               a
               cool
               place
               two
               or
               three
               days
               ,
               &
               you
               'l
               find
               little
               Crystals
               on
               the
               sides
               ,
               which
               you
               are
               to
               separate
               ;
               evaporate
               again
               half
               the
               liquor
               that
               remains
               ,
               and
               remit
               the
               vessel
               to
               the
               Cellar
               as
               before
               ,
               there
               will
               shoot
               out
               new
               Crystals
               :
               continue
               doing
               thus
               ,
               until
               you
               have
               gotten
               all
               your
               Tartar
               ,
               dry
               the
               Crystals
               in
               the
               Sun
               ,
               and
               keep
               them
               for
               use
               .
            
             
               The
               
                 Crystal
                 of
                 Tartar
              
               is
               Purgative
               ,
               and
               Aperitive
               ;
               it
               is
               good
               for
               Hydropical
               ,
               and
               Asthmatical
               persons
               ,
               and
               for
               Tertian
               and
               Quartan
               Agues
               .
               The
               dose
               is
               from
               half
               a
               drachm
               to
               three
               drachms
               in
               broth
               ,
               or
               some
               other
               proper
               liquor
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Operation
                 is
                 ,
                 to
                 speak
                 properly
                 ,
                 nothing
                 but
                 a
                 Purification
                 of
                 the
                 more
                 Terrestrious
                 parts
                 of
                 Tartar.
                 You
                 must
                 observe
                 to
                 boil
                 it
                 in
                 an
                 earthen
                 vessel
                 ,
                 rather
                 than
                 any
                 metallick
                 one
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 apt
                 to
                 take
                 some
                 Tincture
                 from
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 Skin
                 that
                 swims
                 a-top
                 after
                 evaporation
                 of
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 liquor
                 was
                 heretofore
                 carefully
                 taken
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 was
                 thought
                 to
                 be
                 some
                 difference
                 between
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Crystal
                 of
                 Tartar.
                 But
                 this
                 Cream
                 or
                 Skin
                 is
                 only
                 a
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Tartar
                 that
                 begins
                 to
                 Coagulate
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 very
                 same
                 thing
                 in
                 substance
                 with
                 the
                 Crystal
                 .
              
               
               
                 You
                 must
                 not
                 imagine
                 that
                 the
                 Crystals
                 of
                 Tartar
                 do
                 much
                 differ
                 from
                 
                   common
                   Tartar
                
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 differ
                 from
                 it
                 only
                 in
                 the
                 containing
                 a
                 little
                 less
                 earth
                 ,
                 but
                 all
                 the
                 five
                 Principles
                 may
                 be
                 drawn
                 from
                 the
                 Crystals
                 ,
                 as
                 from
                 common
                 Tartar.
                 
              
               
                 When
                 you
                 would
                 take
                 the
                 Crystals
                 in
                 substance
                 you
                 must
                 make
                 them
                 into
                 Pills
                 ,
                 or
                 into
                 a
                 Bolus
                 ,
                 with
                 some
                 liquid
                 substance
                 ;
                 or
                 else
                 you
                 may
                 boil
                 them
                 in
                 some
                 liquor
                 ,
                 but
                 you
                 must
                 take
                 the
                 liquor
                 very
                 hot
                 ,
                 otherwise
                 the
                 Crystals
                 will
                 fall
                 to
                 the
                 bottom
                 of
                 the
                 cup
                 you
                 drink
                 out
                 of
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 should
                 boil
                 these
                 Crystals
                 in
                 common
                 water
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 broth
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 let
                 it
                 stand
                 to
                 be
                 cold
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 return
                 into
                 the
                 same
                 form
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 before
                 ,
                 both
                 at
                 the
                 bottom
                 ,
                 and
                 on
                 the
                 sides
                 of
                 the
                 vessel
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 liquor
                 will
                 remain
                 a
                 little
                 sharp
                 ,
                 through
                 the
                 solution
                 of
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 salt
                 of
                 Tartar
                 into
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 see
                 no
                 reason
                 so
                 much
                 to
                 wonder
                 as
                 some
                 do
                 ,
                 why
                 Tartar
                 will
                 not
                 dissolve
                 in
                 cold
                 water
                 ;
                 for
                 although
                 it
                 does
                 contain
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 salt
                 ,
                 this
                 salt
                 is
                 involved
                 in
                 Earth
                 ,
                 and
                 Oil
                 ,
                 which
                 must
                 needs
                 hinder
                 the
                 dissolution
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 need
                 of
                 having
                 recourse
                 ,
                 for
                 an
                 explication
                 of
                 this
                 ,
                 to
                 a
                 proportionable
                 Union
                 of
                 Volatile
                 salts
                 and
                 acids
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Soluble
               Tartar.
               
            
             
               Powder
               and
               mix
               together
               eight
               ounces
               of
               
                 Crystals
                 of
                 Tartar
              
               ,
               and
               four
               ounces
               of
               the
               fixt
               salt
               of
               Tartar
               ,
               put
               this
               mixture
               into
               a
               glazed
               earthen
               pot
               ,
               and
               pouring
               upon
               it
               three
               pints
               of
               common
               water
               ,
               boil
               the
               matter
               gently
               for
               half
               an
               hour
               ,
               
               then
               letting
               it
               cool
               ,
               filtrate
               and
               evaporate
               the
               liquor
               until
               it
               is
               dry
               ,
               and
               there
               will
               remain
               at
               bottom
               ,
               eleven
               ounces
               six
               drachms
               of
               a
               white
               salt
               ;
               keep
               it
               in
               a
               Viol
               ,
               it
               is
               both
               a
               good
               Aperitive
               ,
               and
               Laxative
               ,
               it
               is
               good
               for
               Cachexies
               ,
               Dropsies
               ,
               and
               all
               diseases
               that
               proceed
               from
               Obstructions
               :
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               ten
               grains
               to
               two
               scruples
               in
               broth
               ,
               or
               some
               proper
               liquor
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Operation
                 is
                 nothing
                 but
                 a
                 dissolution
                 that
                 the
                 Salt
                 of
                 Tartar
                 has
                 made
                 of
                 Cream
                 of
                 Tartar
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 it
                 can
                 dissolve
                 in
                 cold
                 water
                 ,
                 which
                 it
                 could
                 not
                 do
                 alone
                 ;
                 the
                 Cream
                 of
                 Tartar
                 also
                 being
                 an
                 acid
                 insinuates
                 into
                 the
                 pores
                 of
                 the
                 Alkali
                 salt
                 ,
                 and
                 sweetens
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 boil
                 Cream
                 of
                 Tartar
                 in
                 water
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 into
                 it
                 some
                 salt
                 of
                 Tartar
                 ,
                 there
                 will
                 happen
                 an
                 Effervescency
                 between
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 if
                 you
                 mix
                 these
                 two
                 ingredients
                 together
                 in
                 cold
                 water
                 ,
                 there
                 will
                 be
                 no
                 Effervescency
                 ;
                 the
                 reason
                 of
                 which
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 acid
                 Spirits
                 of
                 Cream
                 of
                 Tartar
                 being
                 involved
                 in
                 other
                 principles
                 ,
                 can
                 have
                 no
                 active
                 power
                 to
                 open
                 the
                 Alkali
                 ,
                 unless
                 they
                 be
                 actuated
                 by
                 fire
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 use
                 to
                 filter
                 the
                 dissolution
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 separate
                 some
                 terrestrious
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Cream
                 of
                 Tartar
                 ,
                 which
                 could
                 not
                 dissolve
                 :
                 this
                 salt
                 comes
                 near
                 in
                 virtue
                 to
                 Tartar
                 vitriolated
                 ,
                 some
                 do
                 call
                 it
                 a
                 Vegetable
                 salt
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               Chalybeated
               ,
               or
               Martial
               Crystals
               of
               Tartar.
               
            
             
               This
               Preparation
               is
               a
               Crystal
               of
               Tartar
               impregnated
               with
               the
               more
               soluble
               part
               of
               Iron
               .
            
             
               Powder
               and
               mix
               a
               pound
               of
               good
               white
               Tartar
               ,
               and
               three
               ounces
               of
               
                 Rust
                 of
                 Iron
              
               ,
               boil
               this
               mixture
               in
               an
               Iron
               pot
               with
               five
               or
               six
               quarts
               of
               water
               ,
               for
               half
               an
               hour
               ,
               or
               so
               much
               time
               as
               is
               requisite
               to
               dissolve
               the
               Tartar
               ,
               pass
               the
               liquor
               hot
               through
               a
               warm
               cloth
               ,
               then
               let
               it
               settle
               in
               an
               Iron
               or
               earthen
               pot
               ten
               or
               twelve
               hours
               ,
               it
               will
               shoot
               into
               brown
               Crystals
               ,
               at
               the
               sides
               and
               bottom
               of
               the
               pot
               ,
               pour
               off
               the
               liquor
               by
               Inclination
               ,
               and
               gather
               the
               Crystals
               ;
               then
               evaporate
               about
               half
               the
               liquor
               in
               the
               same
               pot
               ,
               let
               the
               remainder
               settle
               ,
               and
               take
               out
               the
               Crystals
               as
               before
               ;
               continue
               these
               Evaporations
               and
               Crystallizations
               ,
               until
               you
               have
               drawn
               all
               your
               Tartar
               ,
               dry
               the
               Crystals
               in
               the
               Sun
               ,
               and
               so
               keep
               them
               .
            
             
               They
               are
               a
               good
               remedy
               for
               Obstructions
               of
               the
               Liver
               ,
               Mesentery
               ,
               Spleen
               ;
               they
               are
               given
               in
               Cachexies
               ,
               and
               for
               Melancholy
               ,
               and
               the
               Quartan
               Ague
               ;
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               fifteen
               grains
               to
               two
               Scruples
               in
               broth
               ,
               or
               some
               other
               liquor
               proper
               to
               the
               distemper
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Preparation
                 is
                 boil'd
                 but
                 little
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Tartar
                 may
                 dissolve
                 only
                 the
                 more
                 Saline
                 part
                 of
                 Iron
                 ;
                 the
                 liquor
                 is
                 made
                 to
                 pass
                 through
                 a
                 cloth
                 ,
                 
                 to
                 free
                 it
                 from
                 the
                 Impurities
                 of
                 the
                 Tartar
                 and
                 Iron
                 which
                 could
                 not
                 dissolve
                 ;
                 but
                 you
                 must
                 pass
                 it
                 very
                 hot
                 ,
                 for
                 if
                 it
                 were
                 a
                 little
                 cool
                 ,
                 the
                 Tartar
                 would
                 Coagulate
                 in
                 the
                 cloth
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 none
                 of
                 the
                 liquor
                 would
                 pass
                 .
              
               
                 Instead
                 of
                 Crystallizing
                 the
                 dissolved
                 Tartar
                 ,
                 you
                 may
                 evaporate
                 all
                 the
                 liquor
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 obtain
                 a
                 brown
                 powder
                 ,
                 which
                 has
                 the
                 same
                 virtues
                 as
                 the
                 Crystals
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 you
                 would
                 exhibite
                 this
                 
                   Chalybeated
                   Crystal
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 make
                 it
                 just
                 boil
                 in
                 the
                 liquor
                 you
                 give
                 it
                 in
                 ,
                 for
                 otherwise
                 it
                 will
                 not
                 dissolve
                 ,
                 and
                 you
                 must
                 be
                 sure
                 to
                 give
                 it
                 as
                 hot
                 as
                 they
                 can
                 take
                 it
                 ,
                 for
                 fear
                 it
                 should
                 Crystallize
                 at
                 the
                 bottom
                 of
                 the
                 Cup.
                 
              
            
          
           
             
               Soluble
               Tartar
               Chalybeated
               .
            
             
               Put
               into
               an
               earthen
               pan
               ,
               or
               glass
               vessel
               four
               ounces
               of
               
                 Soluble
                 Tartar
              
               ,
               and
               sixteen
               ounces
               of
               
                 Tincture
                 of
                 Mars
              
               prepared
               according
               to
               the
               description
               that
               I
               have
               given
               ,
               set
               the
               vessel
               in
               sand
               ,
               and
               with
               a
               small
               fire
               evaporate
               the
               liquor
               ,
               until
               there
               remains
               a
               black
               powder
               ,
               shut
               it
               in
               a
               viol
               well
               stopt
               ,
               and
               keep
               it
               ,
               you
               'l
               have
               eight
               ounces
               .
            
             
               This
               
                 Martial
                 Tartar
              
               has
               the
               same
               virtues
               as
               the
               
                 Tincture
                 of
                 Tartar
              
               ,
               it
               is
               good
               to
               remove
               all
               Obstructions
               ,
               wherefore
               it
               is
               very
               properly
               used
               in
               Cachexies
               ,
               Dropsies
               ,
               retention
               of
               the
               Menses
               ,
               in
               Nephritick
               Colicks
               ,
               and
               in
               difficulties
               of
               Urine
               :
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               ten
               grains
               to
               half
               a
               drachm
               ,
               in
               broth
               ,
               or
               some
               proper
               liquor
               ,
               or
               else
               made
               into
               Lozenges
               .
            
             
               
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Preparation
                 of
                 Chalybeate
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   Martial
                   Tartar
                
                 is
                 not
                 only
                 more
                 convenient
                 for
                 use
                 than
                 the
                 former
                 ,
                 (
                 in
                 that
                 it
                 dissolves
                 ,
                 or
                 mixes
                 in
                 a
                 cold
                 liquor
                 )
                 but
                 has
                 much
                 more
                 virtue
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 
                   Tincture
                   of
                   Mars
                
                 contains
                 only
                 the
                 more
                 saline
                 part
                 of
                 Tartar.
                 
              
            
          
           
             
               Soluble
               Emetick
               Tartar.
               
            
             
               This
               Preparation
               is
               a
               
                 soluble
                 Tartar
              
               impregnated
               with
               some
               portion
               of
               Glass
               of
               Antimony
               ,
               which
               renders
               it
               Emetick
               .
            
             
               Put
               into
               a
               glass
               vessel
               four
               ounces
               of
               
                 Crystals
                 of
                 Tartar
              
               powdered
               ;
               pour
               upon
               it
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Vrine
              
               ,
               until
               it
               be
               two
               fingers
               above
               the
               matter
               ,
               there
               will
               happen
               a
               small
               ebullition
               ,
               because
               the
               
                 Cream
                 of
                 Tartar
              
               will
               dissolve
               in
               the
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Vrine
              
               ;
               when
               the
               dissolution
               is
               finished
               ,
               add
               to
               it
               an
               ounce
               of
               the
               glass
               of
               Antimony
               finely
               powdered
               ,
               and
               eight
               or
               ten
               ounces
               of
               water
               ;
               boil
               it
               all
               in
               a
               sand-heat
               seven
               or
               eight
               hours
               ,
               and
               take
               care
               to
               put
               more
               hot
               water
               into
               the
               vessel
               ,
               as
               the
               liquor
               consumes
               ;
               after
               that
               filtrate
               ,
               and
               evaporate
               gently
               in
               sand
               all
               the
               liquor
               ,
               and
               there
               will
               remain
               three
               ounces
               of
               a
               greyish
               powder
               drawing
               towards
               white
               ,
               keep
               it
               in
               a
               Viol
               well
               stopt
               .
               It
               is
               an
               Emetick
               that
               works
               with
               little
               violence
               ;
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               four
               to
               fifteen
               grains
               in
               broth
               .
            
             
               
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Ebullition
                 which
                 happens
                 in
                 this
                 Operation
                 ,
                 proceeds
                 from
                 the
                 
                   Cream
                   of
                   Tartars
                
                 meeting
                 with
                 the
                 Volatile
                 and
                 Alkali
                 Salt
                 of
                 Urine
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Acid
                 of
                 Tartar
                 piercing
                 the
                 Salt
                 of
                 Urine
                 divides
                 its
                 parts
                 ,
                 and
                 gives
                 vent
                 to
                 igneous
                 bodies
                 which
                 were
                 contained
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 now
                 finding
                 themselves
                 free
                 do
                 break
                 forth
                 in
                 great
                 haste
                 .
              
               
                 Volatile
                 Spirit
                 of
                 
                   Sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 may
                 be
                 used
                 instead
                 of
                 that
                 of
                 Vrine
                 ;
                 but
                 then
                 there
                 will
                 be
                 no
                 sensible
                 Ebullition
                 ,
                 the
                 reason
                 of
                 which
                 is
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 salt
                 of
                 this
                 Spirit
                 is
                 not
                 an
                 Alkali
                 so
                 open
                 as
                 the
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Vrine
                
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 some
                 impression
                 it
                 has
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Acid
                   sal
                   Armoniack
                
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 it
                 was
                 mixt
                 ;
                 insomuch
                 that
                 the
                 
                   Crystals
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 whose
                 acid
                 is
                 not
                 separated
                 from
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 has
                 points
                 too
                 gross
                 ,
                 and
                 too
                 unactive
                 to
                 insinuate
                 ,
                 into
                 the
                 pores
                 of
                 this
                 salt
                 ,
                 and
                 separate
                 its
                 parts
                 so
                 easily
                 as
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 salt
                 that
                 is
                 contained
                 in
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Vrine
                
                 ,
                 whose
                 pores
                 are
                 bigger
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Glass
                 of
                 Antimony
                 dissolves
                 in
                 the
                 boiling
                 ,
                 and
                 gives
                 the
                 Emetick
                 quality
                 to
                 the
                 powder
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 gentle
                 Vomit
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Tartar
                 fixes
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 some
                 measure
                 hinders
                 the
                 activity
                 of
                 the
                 Sulphurs
                 of
                 Antimony
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 instead
                 of
                 making
                 the
                 aforesaid
                 evaporation
                 ,
                 you
                 should
                 take
                 the
                 vessel
                 off
                 the
                 fire
                 ,
                 when
                 there
                 is
                 but
                 two
                 thirds
                 of
                 the
                 liquor
                 consumed
                 ,
                 and
                 let
                 it
                 settle
                 without
                 stirring
                 it
                 ,
                 in
                 four
                 and
                 twenty
                 hours
                 the
                 soluble
                 Tartar
                 ,
                 will
                 crystallize
                 at
                 the
                 bottom
                 ,
                 and
                 on
                 the
                 sides
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 never
                 a
                 whit
                 the
                 better
                 .
              
               
               
                 When
                 you
                 would
                 make
                 this
                 Crystallization
                 you
                 must
                 use
                 a
                 flat
                 vessel
                 ,
                 let
                 it
                 be
                 of
                 earth
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Crystals
                 may
                 display
                 themselves
                 the
                 better
                 .
                 The
                 liquor
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 decanted
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Crystals
                 to
                 be
                 taken
                 and
                 dryed
                 .
                 The
                 evaporations
                 and
                 crystallizations
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 continued
                 ,
                 until
                 you
                 have
                 obtained
                 all
                 your
                 salt
                 .
              
               
                 Another
                 sort
                 of
                 
                   Soluble
                   Emetick
                   Tartar
                
                 may
                 be
                 made
                 by
                 boiling
                 in
                 water
                 an
                 ounce
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Glass
                   of
                   Antimony
                
                 powdered
                 with
                 four
                 ounces
                 of
                 
                   Soluble
                   Tartar
                
                 ,
                 for
                 seven
                 or
                 eight
                 hours
                 ,
                 then
                 upon
                 filtring
                 and
                 evaporating
                 the
                 liquor
                 ,
                 there
                 will
                 remain
                 a
                 grey
                 powder
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 virtues
                 as
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 be
                 given
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 dose
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Distillation
               of
               Tartar.
               
            
             
               This
               Operation
               is
               a
               separation
               of
               the
               Phlegm
               ,
               the
               Spirit
               ,
               and
               the
               Oil
               of
               Tartar.
               
            
             
               Fill
               two
               thirds
               of
               a
               Retort
               with
               Tartar
               grosly
               powdered
               ,
               place
               your
               Retort
               in
               a
               Reverberatory
               Furnace
               ,
               and
               fitting
               to
               it
               a
               large
               capacious
               Receiver
               ,
               begin
               the
               distillation
               with
               a
               very
               small
               fire
               for
               three
               hours
               only
               to
               warm
               the
               Retort
               ,
               and
               drive
               out
               the
               Phlegm
               drop
               by
               drop
               ;
               throw
               away
               this
               insipid
               water
               ,
               and
               refitting
               the
               Receiver
               ,
               Lute
               closely
               the
               joints
               ,
               encrease
               the
               fire
               by
               little
               and
               little
               ,
               and
               you
               'l
               see
               Spirits
               fill
               the
               Receiver
               with
               Clouds
               ;
               continue
               it
               that
               the
               Oil
               may
               likewise
               come
               forth
               ;
               then
               when
               there
               will
               come
               no
               more
               ,
               let
               the
               vessels
               cool
               ,
               and
               unlute
               them
               ;
               pour
               that
               which
               is
               in
               the
               receiver
               into
               a
               Tunnel
               lined
               with
               brown
               paper
               ,
               that
               the
               Spirit
               may
               filtrate
               ,
               
               and
               separate
               from
               the
               thick
               black
               Oil
               that
               remains
               in
               the
               filter
               :
               keep
               this
               Oil
               in
               a
               Viol
               ,
               it
               is
               good
               to
               smell
               to
               in
               Hysterical
               vapours
               :
               it
               would
               be
               good
               to
               rub
               Paralytical
               parts
               with
               ,
               and
               for
               cold
               pains
               ,
               but
               by
               reason
               of
               its
               abominable
               smell
               ,
               it
               is
               not
               used
               .
            
             
               Pour
               the
               Spirit
               into
               a
               glass
               Cucurbite
               ,
               and
               rectifie
               it
               by
               distilling
               it
               in
               sand
               ,
               it
               is
               good
               against
               the
               Palsie
               ,
               Asthma
               ,
               and
               Scurvy
               ,
               it
               works
               by
               Urine
               ,
               and
               by
               Sweat.
               It
               is
               used
               in
               Hysterical
               maladies
               ,
               and
               for
               the
               Epilepsie
               ;
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               one
               drachm
               to
               three
               in
               some
               appropriate
               liquor
               .
            
             
               You
               will
               find
               in
               the
               Retort
               a
               black
               mass
               ,
               from
               which
               a
               Salt
               may
               be
               drawn
               ,
               as
               I
               shall
               shew
               hereafter
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 have
                 used
                 three
                 pounds
                 of
                 Tartar
                 of
                 sixteen
                 ounces
                 to
                 the
                 pound
                 in
                 this
                 Operation
                 ,
                 you
                 will
                 draw
                 four
                 ounces
                 of
                 Phlegm
                 ,
                 eight
                 ounces
                 of
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 and
                 three
                 ounces
                 of
                 Oil
                 ;
                 the
                 black
                 mass
                 which
                 remains
                 in
                 the
                 Retort
                 after
                 distillation
                 ,
                 will
                 weigh
                 two
                 pounds
                 ,
                 or
                 two
                 and
                 thirty
                 ounces
                 ,
                 and
                 you
                 will
                 draw
                 from
                 that
                 mass
                 twelve
                 ounces
                 of
                 salt
                 .
              
               
                 Almost
                 all
                 Authors
                 who
                 have
                 spoke
                 of
                 Tartar
                 have
                 asserted
                 ,
                 that
                 two
                 sorts
                 of
                 Spirits
                 could
                 be
                 drawn
                 from
                 it
                 by
                 distillation
                 ,
                 the
                 one
                 very
                 Volatile
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 fixt
                 and
                 acid
                 ;
                 wherefore
                 after
                 all
                 had
                 mixed
                 confusedly
                 in
                 the
                 Receiver
                 ,
                 they
                 separated
                 the
                 Oil
                 ,
                 and
                 added
                 some
                 Alkali
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 Coral
                 ,
                 or
                 Crabs-eyes
                 ,
                 to
                 that
                 which
                 remained
                 ,
                 then
                 they
                 poured
                 it
                 into
                 a
                 Cucurbite
                 ,
                 and
                 distilled
                 
                 about
                 half
                 the
                 liquor
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 pretended
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Volatile
                 Spirit
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 acid
                 Spirit
                 remained
                 absorb'd
                 by
                 the
                 Alkali
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Phlegm
                 in
                 the
                 bottom
                 of
                 the
                 body
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 having
                 vowed
                 never
                 to
                 be
                 led
                 by
                 any
                 Authority
                 which
                 is
                 not
                 founded
                 upon
                 Experience
                 ,
                 I
                 have
                 examined
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 Tartar
                 as
                 strictly
                 as
                 possible
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 distillations
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 I
                 could
                 never
                 perceive
                 this
                 Volatile
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 which
                 hath
                 been
                 obtruded
                 upon
                 us
                 ;
                 all
                 that
                 I
                 could
                 ever
                 find
                 is
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 Tartar
                 contains
                 good
                 store
                 of
                 Essential
                 salt
                 ,
                 which
                 renders
                 it
                 acid
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 this
                 Salt
                 coming
                 forth
                 by
                 distillation
                 ,
                 and
                 mixing
                 with
                 phlegm
                 ,
                 doth
                 make
                 all
                 the
                 Spirit
                 that
                 can
                 be
                 drawn
                 from
                 Tartar.
                 So
                 that
                 the
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 description
                 of
                 these
                 men
                 is
                 only
                 the
                 more
                 Phlegmatick
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 liquor
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 the
                 most
                 deprived
                 of
                 this
                 Essential
                 Salt
                 ,
                 because
                 almost
                 all
                 of
                 it
                 doth
                 adhere
                 unto
                 the
                 Alkali
                 body
                 of
                 Coral
                 ,
                 or
                 Crabs-eyes
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 added
                 to
                 it
                 .
                 But
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 way
                 I
                 have
                 set
                 down
                 ,
                 the
                 Spirit
                 may
                 be
                 drawn
                 as
                 pure
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 ,
                 because
                 I
                 do
                 not
                 leave
                 it
                 to
                 mix
                 with
                 the
                 phlegm
                 ,
                 which
                 comes
                 out
                 first
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 we
                 do
                 rectifie
                 the
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 done
                 to
                 purifie
                 it
                 from
                 some
                 Terrestrious
                 parts
                 ,
                 which
                 it
                 might
                 have
                 carried
                 along
                 with
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 distillation
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 thinking
                 to
                 do
                 better
                 than
                 those
                 who
                 rectifie
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Tartar
                 on
                 alkali
                 matters
                 ,
                 do
                 instead
                 of
                 those
                 alkalis
                 use
                 biscuit
                 powdered
                 ,
                 but
                 they
                 attain
                 their
                 end
                 never
                 the
                 better
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 biscuit
                 does
                 sweeten
                 the
                 acid
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Tartar
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 Coral
                 ,
                 or
                 Crabs-eyes
                 .
              
               
               
                 A
                 very
                 volatile
                 and
                 alkali
                 Spirit
                 is
                 drawn
                 from
                 the
                 Lees
                 of
                 wine
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 speak
                 of
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 Chapter
                 of
                 the
                 Volatile
                 Salt
                 of
                 Tartar
                 ,
                 and
                 perhaps
                 it
                 is
                 this
                 very
                 Spirit
                 that
                 Paracelsus
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Van
                   Helmont
                
                 do
                 boast
                 so
                 much
                 of
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 has
                 occasioned
                 many
                 Authors
                 to
                 write
                 that
                 the
                 Tartar
                 does
                 contain
                 a
                 most
                 volatile
                 Spirit
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Fixt
               Salt
               of
               Tartar
               ,
               and
               its
               liquor
               ,
               called
               Oil
               
                 per
                 Deliquium
              
               .
            
             
               Break
               the
               Retort
               which
               served
               you
               for
               distillation
               of
               Tartar
               ,
               and
               take
               the
               black
               mass
               you
               find
               in
               it
               ;
               Calcine
               it
               until
               it
               becomes
               white
               ,
               then
               put
               it
               into
               a
               great
               deal
               of
               hot
               water
               ,
               and
               make
               a
               Lixivium
               ,
               filtrate
               it
               ,
               and
               pour
               it
               into
               a
               glass
               ,
               or
               earthen
               vessel
               ,
               evaporate
               in
               a
               sand-heat
               all
               the
               water
               ,
               and
               there
               will
               remain
               a
               white
               salt
               ,
               which
               is
               called
               the
               
                 Alkali
                 Salt
                 of
                 Tartar.
              
               
            
             
               This
               Salt
               is
               Aperitive
               ,
               it
               is
               used
               for
               to
               draw
               forth
               the
               Tincture
               of
               Vegetables
               ,
               and
               is
               given
               for
               Obstructions
               ;
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               ten
               to
               thirty
               drops
               in
               broth
               ,
               or
               Laxative
               Infusions
               .
            
             
               If
               you
               expose
               for
               some
               days
               in
               a
               Cellar
               this
               
                 Salt
                 of
                 Tartar
              
               in
               a
               wide
               glass
               vessel
               ,
               it
               will
               dissolve
               into
               a
               liquor
               that
               is
               improperly
               called
               
                 Oil
                 of
                 Tartar
                 per
                 Deliquium
              
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               used
               for
               Tettars
               ,
               and
               to
               discuss
               Tumors
               ;
               the
               Ladies
               do
               mix
               it
               in
               Lilly-water
               to
               clear
               their
               complexion
               ,
               and
               hands
               .
            
             
               
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 these
                 two
                 last
                 Operations
                 I
                 have
                 given
                 you
                 the
                 means
                 of
                 obtaining
                 all
                 that
                 can
                 be
                 got
                 from
                 Tartar
                 ;
                 but
                 those
                 who
                 have
                 no
                 need
                 of
                 the
                 Spirit
                 or
                 Oil
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 only
                 desire
                 the
                 Salt
                 ,
                 may
                 bruise
                 the
                 Crude
                 Tartar
                 ,
                 and
                 wrapping
                 it
                 up
                 in
                 paper
                 may
                 Calcine
                 it
                 until
                 it
                 turns
                 into
                 a
                 white
                 mass
                 ;
                 after
                 which
                 they
                 may
                 draw
                 the
                 salt
                 by
                 a
                 Lixivium
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 said
                 before
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 do
                 commonly
                 draw
                 this
                 way
                 four
                 ounces
                 of
                 very
                 white
                 ,
                 and
                 well
                 
                   purified
                   salt
                
                 of
                 Tartar
                 ,
                 from
                 each
                 pound
                 of
                 
                   red
                   Tartar
                
                 ;
                 a
                 little
                 more
                 may
                 be
                 drawn
                 from
                 
                   white
                   Tartar
                
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 is
                 no
                 better
                 than
                 the
                 other
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 have
                 observed
                 that
                 when
                 water
                 is
                 thrown
                 upon
                 the
                 mass
                 of
                 Tartar
                 newly
                 Calcined
                 ,
                 it
                 heats
                 ,
                 much
                 like
                 unslack'd
                 Lime
                 ,
                 when
                 wetted
                 ;
                 the
                 reason
                 of
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 same
                 that
                 I
                 have
                 given
                 ,
                 to
                 explicate
                 the
                 Ebullition
                 of
                 Quick-lime
                 in
                 water
                 :
                 all
                 the
                 difference
                 is
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 Tartar
                 Calcined
                 containing
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 Salt
                 ,
                 does
                 more
                 easily
                 imbibe
                 water
                 than
                 Quick-lime
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 do
                 Calcine
                 salt
                 of
                 Tartar
                 with
                 a
                 little
                 sulphur
                 ,
                 to
                 hinder
                 it
                 from
                 dissolving
                 so
                 easily
                 by
                 the
                 air
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 render
                 it
                 the
                 whiter
                 ;
                 but
                 this
                 is
                 no
                 good
                 practice
                 because
                 the
                 acid
                 Spirit
                 of
                 sulphur
                 destroys
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Alkali
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 does
                 come
                 to
                 happen
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 that
                 the
                 pores
                 of
                 this
                 Salt
                 by
                 being
                 thus
                 Calcined
                 are
                 not
                 so
                 open
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 air
                 therefore
                 cannot
                 so
                 easily
                 melt
                 it
                 .
                 If
                 you
                 would
                 make
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 
                 
                   Alkali
                   fixt
                   salts
                
                 very
                 white
                 indeed
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 Calcine
                 them
                 all
                 alone
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 fire
                 ,
                 until
                 they
                 become
                 white
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 purifie
                 them
                 by
                 Dissolution
                 ,
                 Filtration
                 ,
                 and
                 Coagulation
                 .
                 As
                 for
                 their
                 proneness
                 to
                 dissolve
                 ,
                 this
                 is
                 natural
                 to
                 
                   Alkali
                   salts
                
                 ,
                 and
                 cannot
                 be
                 taken
                 from
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 destroying
                 their
                 nature
                 .
              
               
                 Nor
                 can
                 I
                 approve
                 the
                 addition
                 of
                 any
                 quantity
                 of
                 Niter
                 to
                 the
                 Calcination
                 of
                 Tartar
                 ,
                 as
                 some
                 do
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 volatile
                 parts
                 of
                 Niter
                 being
                 exalted
                 ,
                 the
                 fixt
                 do
                 remain
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 their
                 acidity
                 do
                 diminish
                 the
                 virtue
                 of
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Tartar.
                
                 
              
               
                 Although
                 the
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 be
                 tolerably
                 white
                 after
                 the
                 first
                 purification
                 ,
                 yet
                 if
                 you
                 do
                 calcine
                 threescore
                 and
                 four
                 ounces
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 filtrate
                 it
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 said
                 ,
                 you
                 will
                 draw
                 still
                 abundance
                 of
                 earthy
                 matter
                 :
                 and
                 if
                 in
                 curiosity
                 you
                 should
                 dry
                 this
                 earth
                 ,
                 you
                 would
                 find
                 three
                 ounces
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 of
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Alkali
                   salts
                
                 are
                 Aperitive
                 ,
                 in
                 that
                 they
                 dissolve
                 those
                 slimy
                 humors
                 which
                 caused
                 Obstructions
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 for
                 the
                 same
                 reason
                 that
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 does
                 correct
                 Senna
                 ,
                 and
                 hinders
                 it
                 from
                 griping
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 substance
                 of
                 Senna
                 being
                 viscous
                 ,
                 this
                 does
                 rarefie
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 it
                 work
                 the
                 quicker
                 ;
                 it
                 may
                 also
                 serve
                 to
                 dissolve
                 some
                 viscous
                 phlegm
                 that
                 sticks
                 in
                 the
                 guts
                 ,
                 which
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 going
                 off
                 ,
                 causes
                 griping
                 pains
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 liquor
                 or
                 Oil
                 made
                 
                   per
                   Deliquium
                
                 is
                 only
                 a
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 dissolved
                 by
                 the
                 moisture
                 of
                 the
                 Cellar
                 ,
                 If
                 you
                 would
                 make
                 it
                 quickly
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 dissolve
                 the
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 in
                 as
                 much
                 Rain
                 water
                 well
                 filtrated
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 needful
                 to
                 turn
                 it
                 into
                 a
                 liquor
                 .
                 It
                 may
                 be
                 used
                 like
                 the
                 former
                 ,
                 it
                 cures
                 Tettars
                 ,
                 and
                 discusses
                 Tumors
                 ,
                 because
                 being
                 an
                 
                 Alkali
                 it
                 sweetens
                 the
                 keen
                 Salts
                 which
                 fomented
                 these
                 distempers
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 ,
                 or
                 its
                 liquor
                 is
                 dissolved
                 in
                 water
                 newly
                 distilled
                 from
                 some
                 green
                 plant
                 ,
                 the
                 water
                 will
                 turn
                 green
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 greener
                 the
                 plant
                 is
                 from
                 which
                 the
                 water
                 was
                 distilled
                 ,
                 this
                 salt
                 does
                 make
                 the
                 water
                 so
                 much
                 the
                 greener
                 .
                 The
                 water
                 of
                 Night-shade
                 turns
                 greener
                 with
                 it
                 than
                 Balm-water
                 ,
                 Balm-water
                 greener
                 than
                 Eye-bright-water
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 .
                 The
                 reason
                 of
                 this
                 effect
                 proceeds
                 from
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Alkali
                 salt
                 of
                 Tartar
                 does
                 rarefie
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 appear
                 many
                 little
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 plant
                 ,
                 which
                 did
                 rise
                 with
                 the
                 water
                 in
                 the
                 distillation
                 ,
                 and
                 did
                 not
                 till
                 then
                 appear
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 water
                 must
                 be
                 sure
                 to
                 be
                 distilled
                 with
                 a
                 fire
                 sufficiently
                 great
                 ,
                 for
                 if
                 it
                 should
                 have
                 been
                 distilled
                 in
                 a
                 Balneum
                 ,
                 or
                 such
                 like
                 heat
                 ,
                 there
                 would
                 not
                 appear
                 the
                 least
                 shew
                 of
                 green
                 ,
                 though
                 an
                 Alkali
                 salt
                 were
                 mixed
                 with
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Cherry-water
                   ,
                   Rose-water
                
                 and
                 many
                 other
                 distilled
                 waters
                 of
                 fruits
                 or
                 flowers
                 ,
                 do
                 give
                 no
                 colour
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 addition
                 of
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Tartar.
                
                 
              
            
          
           
             
               Tincture
               of
               Salt
               of
               Tartar.
               
            
             
               This
               Operation
               is
               an
               exaltation
               of
               some
               parts
               of
               
                 Salt
                 of
                 Tartar
              
               in
               Spirit
               of
               wine
               .
            
             
               Melt
               in
               a
               good
               Crucible
               twenty
               ounces
               of
               
                 Salt
                 of
                 Tartar
              
               in
               great
               fire
               ,
               and
               when
               it
               is
               in
               Fusion
               ,
               cover
               it
               with
               a
               Tile
               ,
               and
               put
               coals
               round
               it
               ;
               blow
               about
               it
               so
               ,
               as
               to
               raise
               a
               greater
               heat
               than
               if
               you
               were
               melting
               Gold
               ;
               continue
               this
               degree
               of
               fire
               about
               six
               hours
               ,
               or
               until
               your
               
                 Salt
                 of
                 Tartar
              
               
               is
               of
               a
               red
               marble
               colour
               ,
               which
               you
               may
               know
               by
               thrusting
               the
               end
               of
               a
               Spatula
               into
               the
               Crucible
               ,
               for
               when
               it
               is
               drawn
               out
               ,
               you
               may
               look
               upon
               a
               little
               matter
               that
               is
               stuck
               to
               it
               ;
               then
               take
               out
               the
               Crucible
               with
               a
               pair
               of
               tongs
               and
               turn
               it
               upside
               down
               into
               a
               warm
               mortar
               ,
               the
               matter
               will
               coagulate
               in
               a
               little
               time
               ,
               powder
               it
               presently
               ,
               and
               put
               it
               into
               a
               matrass
               warmed
               before-hand
               ;
               pour
               upon
               it
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 wine
                 Tartarized
              
               ,
               until
               it
               swims
               four
               fingers
               above
               the
               matter
               :
               stop
               the
               matrass
               with
               another
               to
               make
               a
               double-vessel
               ,
               lute
               the
               junctures
               close
               with
               a
               wet
               bladder
               ,
               set
               your
               matrass
               in
               Sand
               ,
               and
               heat
               it
               with
               a
               gradual
               fire
               ,
               to
               make
               the
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 wine
              
               boil
               seven
               or
               eight
               hours
               ,
               during
               which
               time
               it
               will
               assume
               a
               red
               colour
               .
               After
               that
               let
               the
               vessels
               cool
               ,
               and
               unlute
               them
               ;
               separate
               by
               Inclination
               this
               most
               fragrant
               Tincture
               ,
               and
               keep
               it
               in
               a
               Viol
               well
               stopt
               .
            
             
               You
               may
               pour
               more
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Wine
              
               on
               the
               remaining
               
                 Salt
                 of
                 Tartar
              
               ,
               and
               proceed
               as
               before
               ,
               as
               long
               as
               it
               will
               draw
               out
               any
               Tincture
               .
            
             
               The
               Tincture
               of
               the
               
                 Salt
                 of
                 Tartar
              
               is
               an
               excellent
               Aperitive
               ,
               it
               purifies
               the
               bloud
               ,
               and
               resists
               malignity
               of
               humors
               .
               It
               is
               used
               in
               the
               Scurvy
               ,
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               ten
               to
               thirty
               drops
               in
               some
               convenient
               liquor
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 must
                 place
                 the
                 Crucible
                 in
                 the
                 furnace
                 upon
                 a
                 Tile
                 ,
                 for
                 fear
                 lest
                 the
                 wind
                 which
                 comes
                 through
                 the
                 doors
                 of
                 the
                 Ash-hole
                 ,
                 and
                 fire-room
                 ,
                 might
                 be
                 apt
                 to
                 cool
                 the
                 bottom
                 ,
                 and
                 hinder
                 the
                 Fusion
                 of
                 the
                 Salt.
                 
              
               
               
                 The
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 having
                 been
                 a
                 good
                 while
                 melted
                 in
                 the
                 Crucible
                 ,
                 does
                 flame
                 when
                 thrown
                 upon
                 lighted
                 coals
                 ,
                 as
                 easily
                 as
                 Salt-peter
                 does
                 .
                 This
                 effect
                 proceeds
                 only
                 from
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 fire
                 has
                 attenuated
                 and
                 volatilized
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 this
                 fixt
                 salt
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 render
                 them
                 fit
                 to
                 exalt
                 with
                 the
                 sulphur
                 of
                 coals
                 .
              
               
                 Many
                 have
                 writ
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 sufficient
                 to
                 Calcine
                 the
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 two
                 hours
                 in
                 a
                 violent
                 fire
                 ,
                 or
                 until
                 the
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 becomes
                 blewish
                 ;
                 but
                 after
                 having
                 tried
                 several
                 times
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 Tincture
                 according
                 to
                 this
                 description
                 ,
                 I
                 could
                 never
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 do
                 it
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 true
                 the
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 will
                 be
                 a
                 little
                 Tinctured
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 comes
                 not
                 near
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 necessary
                 to
                 call
                 it
                 the
                 
                   Tincture
                   of
                   Salt
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 red
                 like
                 wine
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 make
                 it
                 so
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 requisite
                 to
                 Calcine
                 it
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 said
                 ,
                 and
                 good
                 store
                 of
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 put
                 into
                 the
                 Crucible
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 diminishes
                 exceedingly
                 .
                 You
                 must
                 likewise
                 take
                 care
                 to
                 use
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   wine
                   well
                   rectified
                
                 ,
                 for
                 if
                 there
                 should
                 be
                 any
                 phlegm
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 not
                 turn
                 red
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Tincture
                 doth
                 not
                 proceed
                 from
                 a
                 fixt
                 sulphur
                 contained
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 ,
                 as
                 many
                 have
                 pretended
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 only
                 an
                 exaltation
                 of
                 this
                 salt
                 in
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 curiosity
                 you
                 should
                 distil
                 this
                 Tincture
                 ,
                 you
                 would
                 recover
                 only
                 a
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 ;
                 and
                 yet
                 nevertheless
                 there
                 will
                 remain
                 at
                 bottom
                 but
                 a
                 small
                 quantity
                 of
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 with
                 its
                 usual
                 whiteness
                 ;
                 which
                 shews
                 sufficiently
                 that
                 this
                 colour
                 did
                 only
                 proceed
                 from
                 the
                 exact
                 mixture
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 with
                 the
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 ,
                 seeing
                 upon
                 their
                 separation
                 the
                 colour
                 disappears
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 Tincture
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 loses
                 its
                 red
                 colour
                 as
                 it
                 grows
                 old
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 that
                 the
                 more
                 subtile
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   wine
                
                 is
                 lost
                 through
                 the
                 pores
                 of
                 the
                 glass
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 remains
                 only
                 a
                 Spirit
                 which
                 has
                 not
                 strength
                 enough
                 to
                 keep
                 the
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 in
                 its
                 exalted
                 condition
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Magistery
               of
               Tartar
               ,
               or
               
                 Tartarum
                 Vitriolatum
              
               .
            
             
               This
               Operation
               is
               a
               
                 Salt
                 of
                 Tartar
              
               impregnated
               with
               the
               acidity
               of
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Vitriol
              
               .
            
             
               Put
               into
               a
               glass
               body
               what
               quantity
               you
               please
               of
               
                 Oil
                 of
                 Tartar
              
               made
               
                 per
                 Deliquium
              
               ,
               pour
               upon
               it
               by
               little
               and
               little
               rectified
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Vitriol
              
               ,
               there
               will
               be
               a
               great
               effervescency
               :
               continue
               to
               drop
               more
               in
               ,
               till
               there
               's
               no
               further
               Ebullition
               ;
               then
               place
               your
               Cucurbite
               in
               Sand
               ,
               and
               evaporate
               the
               Spirit
               with
               a
               little
               fire
               ,
               there
               will
               remain
               a
               very
               white
               salt
               ,
               keep
               it
               in
               a
               Viol
               well
               stopt
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               a
               good
               Aperitive
               ,
               and
               is
               also
               a
               little
               Purgative
               ;
               it
               is
               given
               in
               hypochondriacal
               cases
               ,
               in
               Quartans
               ,
               Kings-evil
               ,
               and
               all
               other
               diseases
               wherein
               it
               is
               necessary
               to
               open
               Obstructions
               ,
               and
               to
               work
               by
               Urine
               .
               The
               dose
               is
               from
               ten
               to
               thirty
               grains
               in
               some
               proper
               liquor
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Tartarum
                   Vitriolatum
                
                 may
                 be
                 made
                 with
                 the
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 with
                 the
                 Oil
                 ;
                 the
                 Ebullition
                 
                 proceeds
                 from
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 acid
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 piercing
                 the
                 Alkali
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 ,
                 doth
                 violently
                 separate
                 its
                 parts
                 ,
                 and
                 gives
                 vent
                 to
                 igneous
                 Bodies
                 which
                 were
                 there
                 imprisoned
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 Effervescency
                 comes
                 to
                 pass
                 as
                 often
                 as
                 an
                 Alkali
                 meets
                 with
                 an
                 acid
                 ,
                 and
                 remains
                 until
                 the
                 acid
                 can
                 find
                 nothing
                 more
                 to
                 encounter
                 in
                 the
                 alkali
                 salt
                 .
                 Then
                 there
                 follows
                 a
                 Coagulum
                 at
                 the
                 bottom
                 of
                 the
                 vessel
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 acid
                 and
                 alkali
                 clasping
                 together
                 ,
                 do
                 lose
                 their
                 motion
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 their
                 united
                 weight
                 do
                 precipitate
                 to
                 the
                 bottom
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 causes
                 the
                 liquor
                 to
                 be
                 much
                 less
                 acrimonious
                 than
                 the
                 
                   Oil
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 was
                 before
                 ,
                 though
                 at
                 least
                 an
                 equal
                 quantity
                 of
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Vitriol
                
                 was
                 mixed
                 with
                 it
                 .
                 You
                 must
                 evaporate
                 it
                 gently
                 ,
                 and
                 especially
                 toward
                 the
                 end
                 ,
                 for
                 fear
                 the
                 acid
                 should
                 rise
                 withal
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Salt
                 is
                 whiter
                 than
                 common
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 ,
                 as
                 having
                 been
                 subtilized
                 by
                 Acids
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 as
                 we
                 see
                 several
                 other
                 white
                 things
                 encrease
                 in
                 their
                 colour
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 beaten
                 into
                 a
                 fine
                 powder
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 do
                 use
                 two
                 ounces
                 of
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 in
                 this
                 Operation
                 ,
                 you
                 'l
                 draw
                 two
                 ounces
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 of
                 
                   Tartarum
                   Vitriolatum
                
                 .
                 This
                 Augmentation
                 comes
                 from
                 the
                 more
                 heavy
                 and
                 strong
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Vitriol
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 evaporated
                 is
                 very
                 phlegmatick
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 may
                 here
                 use
                 the
                 
                   Rectified
                   Oil
                   of
                   Vitriol
                
                 instead
                 of
                 the
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 the
                 less
                 is
                 requir'd
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 stronger
                 acid
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 
                   Tartarum
                   Vitriolatum
                
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 so
                 white
                 ,
                 as
                 when
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Vitriol
                
                 is
                 used
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 some
                 Tincture
                 that
                 always
                 remains
                 with
                 the
                 
                   Oil
                   of
                   Vitriol
                
                 ,
                 rectifie
                 it
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 you
                 please
                 .
              
               
               
                 Though
                 some
                 have
                 written
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 
                   Tartarum
                   Vitriolatum
                
                 were
                 put
                 into
                 a
                 Retort
                 ,
                 and
                 distilled
                 ,
                 one
                 might
                 draw
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Vitriol
                
                 as
                 good
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 at
                 first
                 ,
                 nevertheless
                 it
                 is
                 certain
                 that
                 it
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 so
                 strong
                 a
                 Spirit
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 has
                 lost
                 the
                 most
                 subtile
                 part
                 of
                 its
                 acidity
                 ,
                 by
                 encountring
                 with
                 the
                 alkali
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 easily
                 judged
                 both
                 by
                 the
                 taste
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 effects
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 curiosity
                 you
                 would
                 search
                 a
                 little
                 narrowly
                 into
                 this
                 Operation
                 ,
                 and
                 observe
                 what
                 happens
                 during
                 the
                 ebullition
                 of
                 the
                 acid
                 and
                 the
                 alkali
                 ,
                 you
                 would
                 find
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 little
                 dashes
                 of
                 water
                 do
                 fly
                 about
                 ,
                 especially
                 if
                 the
                 vessel
                 is
                 not
                 placed
                 too
                 low
                 ,
                 and
                 you
                 hold
                 a
                 lighted
                 Candle
                 near
                 it
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 will
                 be
                 apt
                 to
                 put
                 it
                 out
                 .
                 This
                 effect
                 can
                 have
                 no
                 other
                 cause
                 than
                 the
                 violent
                 separation
                 of
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 alkali
                 by
                 the
                 acid
                 ,
                 which
                 makes
                 the
                 watry
                 part
                 of
                 this
                 liquor
                 to
                 sparkle
                 upwards
                 ,
                 being
                 on
                 all
                 sides
                 violently
                 driven
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 use
                 
                   Oil
                   of
                   Vitriol
                
                 ,
                 the
                 ebullition
                 is
                 the
                 greater
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 heat
                 the
                 more
                 considerable
                 ,
                 because
                 its
                 acid
                 being
                 stronger
                 ,
                 it
                 separates
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 alkali
                 body
                 more
                 easily
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 considering
                 the
                 ebullition
                 which
                 happens
                 between
                 acid
                 and
                 alkali
                 ,
                 I
                 have
                 the
                 less
                 opinion
                 of
                 a
                 method
                 that
                 some
                 do
                 follow
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 to
                 bathe
                 a
                 little
                 the
                 bodies
                 that
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 embalmed
                 ,
                 with
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   salt
                
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 to
                 put
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 into
                 the
                 embalming
                 powder
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 is
                 very
                 likely
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Salt
                
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 an
                 acid
                 ,
                 by
                 mixing
                 with
                 the
                 alkali
                 salt
                 of
                 Tartar
                 ,
                 may
                 produce
                 a
                 Fermentation
                 which
                 may
                 stir
                 up
                 the
                 remaining
                 humidity
                 of
                 the
                 Carkass
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 it
                 to
                 mix
                 with
                 the
                 Ingredients
                 
                 of
                 the
                 powder
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 instead
                 of
                 preserving
                 the
                 dead
                 body
                 ,
                 we
                 have
                 reason
                 to
                 fear
                 lest
                 this
                 Fermentation
                 should
                 rather
                 hasten
                 a
                 dissolution
                 of
                 its
                 parts
                 .
              
               
                 Acids
                 do
                 sometimes
                 dissolve
                 and
                 rarifie
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 other
                 times
                 coagulate
                 and
                 precipitate
                 ,
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 seen
                 by
                 the
                 Operations
                 which
                 have
                 been
                 described
                 .
                 These
                 different
                 actions
                 do
                 seem
                 very
                 strange
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 is
                 hard
                 to
                 conceive
                 how
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 liquor
                 should
                 produce
                 contrary
                 effects
                 ;
                 but
                 I
                 'le
                 give
                 you
                 an
                 explication
                 of
                 this
                 Phaenomenon
                 ,
                 which
                 because
                 it
                 is
                 built
                 upon
                 experience
                 ,
                 may
                 perhaps
                 meet
                 with
                 some
                 Approbation
                 .
              
               
                 An
                 Acid
                 proves
                 always
                 a
                 dissolvent
                 ,
                 when
                 good
                 store
                 of
                 it
                 is
                 poured
                 upon
                 the
                 matter
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 dissolved
                 ;
                 but
                 it
                 makes
                 a
                 Coagulum
                 as
                 often
                 ,
                 when
                 being
                 in
                 too
                 small
                 a
                 quantity
                 its
                 points
                 are
                 fixed
                 in
                 the
                 pores
                 of
                 the
                 matter
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 not
                 power
                 enough
                 to
                 get
                 out
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 is
                 plainly
                 perceived
                 ,
                 when
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Vitriol
                
                 is
                 poured
                 upon
                 the
                 liquor
                 of
                 
                   Salt
                   of
                   Tartar
                
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 you
                 should
                 mix
                 but
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 is
                 requisite
                 to
                 penetrate
                 the
                 Salt
                 ,
                 the
                 acids
                 do
                 remain
                 sheathed
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 bear
                 it
                 down
                 ,
                 whence
                 a
                 Coagulation
                 and
                 Precipitation
                 happens
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 now
                 so
                 much
                 more
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 greater
                 quantity
                 of
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Vitriol
                
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 still
                 added
                 to
                 the
                 liquor
                 ,
                 the
                 Coagulum
                 will
                 disappear
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 that
                 the
                 little
                 bodies
                 which
                 being
                 gathered
                 together
                 maintained
                 their
                 part
                 against
                 the
                 acid
                 ,
                 and
                 hindred
                 its
                 motion
                 ,
                 will
                 be
                 then
                 scattered
                 and
                 dissolved
                 by
                 the
                 acid
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 now
                 grown
                 the
                 stronger
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 same
                 thing
                 may
                 be
                 remarked
                 in
                 all
                 other
                 bodies
                 which
                 can
                 be
                 dissolved
                 by
                 acids
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 you
                 take
                 a
                 little
                 of
                 any
                 of
                 those
                 ,
                 and
                 pour
                 a
                 little
                 acid
                 
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 made
                 a
                 great
                 effervescency
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 that
                 a
                 Coagulum
                 ,
                 but
                 if
                 you
                 add
                 more
                 acid
                 ,
                 the
                 matter
                 will
                 all
                 dissolve
                 .
              
               
                 An
                 acid
                 can
                 likewise
                 Precipitate
                 what
                 an
                 alkali
                 hath
                 dissolved
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 see
                 in
                 the
                 Operation
                 of
                 the
                 Magistery
                 of
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 because
                 the
                 acid
                 having
                 dissolved
                 and
                 separated
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 alkali
                 makes
                 it
                 let
                 go
                 its
                 hold
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 body
                 precipitates
                 by
                 its
                 own
                 weight
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 Milk
                 coagulates
                 by
                 the
                 means
                 of
                 an
                 acid
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 because
                 it
                 contains
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 Cheese
                 ,
                 into
                 which
                 the
                 acid
                 enters
                 ,
                 and
                 losing
                 its
                 motion
                 weighs
                 it
                 down
                 ;
                 whence
                 it
                 comes
                 to
                 pass
                 that
                 the
                 Coagulum
                 which
                 is
                 made
                 with
                 a
                 weak
                 acid
                 ,
                 precipitates
                 much
                 less
                 than
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 made
                 with
                 a
                 greater
                 quantity
                 of
                 acid
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 you
                 should
                 in
                 curiosity
                 pour
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 acid
                 upon
                 the
                 precipitated
                 Coagulum
                 ,
                 you
                 would
                 find
                 it
                 dissolve
                 by
                 degrees
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 fermentation
                 of
                 Dough
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 matters
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 nature
                 does
                 proceed
                 from
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 natural
                 salts
                 having
                 been
                 put
                 into
                 motion
                 by
                 trituration
                 or
                 some
                 other
                 cause
                 do
                 rarifie
                 and
                 dissolve
                 ,
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 they
                 can
                 ,
                 whatsoever
                 resists
                 their
                 motion
                 ;
                 but
                 because
                 these
                 acid
                 salts
                 do
                 exert
                 their
                 activity
                 by
                 little
                 and
                 little
                 ,
                 and
                 do
                 meet
                 with
                 much
                 resistance
                 ,
                 the
                 solution
                 is
                 made
                 slowly
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 division
                 of
                 some
                 parts
                 is
                 with
                 difficulty
                 enough
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 is
                 that
                 which
                 causes
                 the
                 matter
                 to
                 swell
                 as
                 it
                 does
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 take
                 up
                 greater
                 room
                 than
                 it
                 had
                 before
                 .
              
               
                 Leaven
                 does
                 encrease
                 the
                 fermentation
                 in
                 dough
                 ,
                 because
                 it self
                 being
                 a
                 paste
                 whereof
                 the
                 salts
                 are
                 become
                 free
                 to
                 act
                 by
                 means
                 of
                 a
                 long
                 fermentation
                 ,
                 
                 these
                 salts
                 do
                 easily
                 join
                 with
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 paste
                 ,
                 or
                 dough
                 ,
                 and
                 do
                 help
                 them
                 to
                 rarifie
                 and
                 dissolve
                 the
                 whole
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 same
                 may
                 be
                 likewise
                 said
                 of
                 other
                 acid
                 matters
                 which
                 cause
                 a
                 fermentation
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 when
                 the
                 acids
                 have
                 rarified
                 the
                 matter
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 able
                 ,
                 they
                 lose
                 their
                 motion
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 the
                 matter
                 coagulates
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 returns
                 into
                 the
                 same
                 extension
                 as
                 before
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 still
                 one
                 effect
                 of
                 acids
                 ,
                 which
                 seems
                 different
                 from
                 those
                 I
                 have
                 now
                 spoken
                 of
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 do
                 preserve
                 certain
                 bodies
                 which
                 are
                 put
                 into
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 salt
                 keeps
                 or
                 preserves
                 meat
                 .
                 Thus
                 when
                 young
                 Cucumbers
                 ,
                 Samphire
                 ,
                 or
                 Capers
                 are
                 steeped
                 in
                 Vinegar
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 fermentation
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 no
                 corruption
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 reason
                 of
                 which
                 is
                 that
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 Cucumbers
                 and
                 other
                 like
                 things
                 being
                 very
                 viscuous
                 and
                 sluggish
                 ,
                 the
                 acids
                 do
                 insinuate
                 to
                 dissolve
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 they
                 have
                 not
                 there
                 their
                 motion
                 free
                 enough
                 to
                 make
                 their
                 jostles
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 divide
                 the
                 parts
                 minutely
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 acids
                 of
                 the
                 Vinegar
                 do
                 only
                 fix
                 in
                 the
                 pores
                 of
                 these
                 matters
                 and
                 coagulate
                 in
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 this
                 coagulation
                 which
                 hinders
                 the
                 Cucumbers
                 from
                 corrupting
                 ,
                 for
                 these
                 acids
                 do
                 shut
                 their
                 pores
                 ,
                 and
                 serve
                 for
                 so
                 many
                 little
                 pegs
                 ,
                 wherewith
                 to
                 sustain
                 their
                 parts
                 firm
                 and
                 quiet
                 .
                 Sea-salt
                 which
                 is
                 an
                 acid
                 does
                 preserve
                 meat
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 other
                 matters
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 same
                 reason
                 .
                 I
                 have
                 already
                 spoken
                 of
                 that
                 in
                 my
                 Remarks
                 upon
                 the
                 Principles
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Coagulation
                 then
                 which
                 acids
                 do
                 cause
                 may
                 justly
                 be
                 said
                 to
                 be
                 an
                 imperfect
                 dissolution
                 of
                 
                 bodies
                 ,
                 and
                 I
                 could
                 here
                 relate
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 other
                 Examples
                 to
                 prove
                 what
                 I
                 have
                 asserted
                 .
                 But
                 I
                 shall
                 content
                 my self
                 with
                 those
                 already
                 said
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 let
                 us
                 see
                 whether
                 this
                 discourse
                 can
                 furnish
                 us
                 with
                 any
                 thing
                 that
                 illustrates
                 the
                 digestion
                 of
                 Aliments
                 in
                 the
                 Stomach
                 .
              
               
                 Most
                 of
                 our
                 modern
                 Philosophers
                 have
                 not
                 spared
                 the
                 notion
                 of
                 acid
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 have
                 endeavoured
                 to
                 explicate
                 digestion
                 ,
                 they
                 have
                 conceived
                 the
                 Membranes
                 of
                 the
                 Stomach
                 to
                 be
                 all
                 impregnated
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 not
                 contented
                 with
                 this
                 liquor
                 alone
                 have
                 brought
                 some
                 more
                 of
                 it
                 from
                 the
                 Spleen
                 and
                 Pancreas
                 :
                 but
                 if
                 all
                 these
                 acids
                 were
                 really
                 in
                 the
                 Stomach
                 ,
                 the
                 aliments
                 would
                 not
                 escape
                 coagulating
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 an
                 Indigestion
                 ,
                 as
                 uses
                 to
                 happen
                 ,
                 after
                 taking
                 too
                 many
                 acids
                 at
                 Meals
                 ;
                 for
                 conceive
                 never
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 quantity
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 either
                 there
                 would
                 not
                 be
                 enough
                 to
                 dissolve
                 the
                 Aliments
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 the
                 Membranes
                 of
                 the
                 Stomach
                 would
                 be
                 attenuated
                 and
                 concocted
                 too
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 that
                 which
                 they
                 contain
                 ,
                 which
                 nevertheless
                 doth
                 not
                 happen
                 in
                 the
                 natural
                 temper
                 of
                 the
                 body
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 no
                 need
                 of
                 seeking
                 after
                 these
                 imaginary
                 acids
                 to
                 cause
                 digestion
                 ;
                 the
                 spittle
                 which
                 mixes
                 with
                 the
                 Aliments
                 as
                 they
                 receive
                 their
                 first
                 Trituration
                 between
                 the
                 Teeth
                 ,
                 will
                 furnish
                 us
                 with
                 enough
                 to
                 actuate
                 the
                 Fermentation
                 in
                 the
                 Stomach
                 ;
                 there
                 is
                 but
                 little
                 acid
                 requisite
                 to
                 set
                 the
                 parts
                 in
                 motion
                 ,
                 but
                 when
                 once
                 they
                 are
                 moved
                 ,
                 they
                 do
                 contain
                 enough
                 Salts
                 and
                 Spirits
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 nature
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 quickned
                 by
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 this
                 viscus
                 will
                 break
                 all
                 their
                 Chains
                 ,
                 and
                 find
                 a
                 vent
                 out
                 ,
                 whence
                 does
                 infallibly
                 follow
                 
                 an
                 attenuation
                 of
                 the
                 Aliment
                 into
                 a
                 Chylous
                 substance
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 will
                 be
                 said
                 ,
                 without
                 doubt
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 irritation
                 in
                 the
                 Stomach
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 called
                 Hunger
                 ,
                 cannot
                 be
                 produced
                 by
                 any
                 thing
                 but
                 an
                 acid
                 ,
                 which
                 finding
                 no
                 more
                 Aliments
                 to
                 work
                 upon
                 ,
                 uses
                 to
                 act
                 upon
                 the
                 Membranes
                 themselves
                 .
                 But
                 I
                 think
                 I
                 shall
                 explicate
                 this
                 Irritation
                 better
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 my
                 own
                 opinion
                 ,
                 than
                 that
                 of
                 these
                 men
                 ;
                 for
                 I
                 may
                 with
                 reason
                 enough
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 spittle
                 finding
                 the
                 stomach
                 empty
                 of
                 all
                 nourishment
                 ,
                 ferments
                 alone
                 ,
                 and
                 creates
                 this
                 Irritation
                 ,
                 seeing
                 that
                 spittle
                 ,
                 as
                 every
                 body
                 must
                 grant
                 ,
                 is
                 loaded
                 with
                 a
                 Salt
                 ;
                 but
                 as
                 for
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 must
                 make
                 an
                 acid
                 to
                 come
                 from
                 the
                 membranes
                 ,
                 which
                 nevertheless
                 doth
                 not
                 irritate
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 when
                 it
                 meets
                 with
                 nothing
                 else
                 in
                 the
                 Stomach
                 to
                 exercise
                 upon
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 thing
                 hard
                 enough
                 to
                 comprehend
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 know
                 very
                 well
                 that
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 to
                 avoid
                 this
                 difficulty
                 will
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 acid
                 is
                 generated
                 in
                 the
                 stomach
                 from
                 the
                 remainder
                 of
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 eaten
                 ,
                 which
                 continuing
                 some
                 time
                 in
                 the
                 stomach
                 produces
                 a
                 Leaven
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 as
                 Dough
                 ;
                 but
                 then
                 they
                 must
                 explain
                 to
                 me
                 what
                 the
                 Ferment
                 did
                 consist
                 of
                 ,
                 which
                 served
                 to
                 digest
                 the
                 first
                 Aliments
                 that
                 the
                 Infant
                 took
                 .
              
               
                 Another
                 Objection
                 may
                 be
                 made
                 to
                 what
                 I
                 have
                 said
                 touching
                 digestion
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 whereas
                 I
                 have
                 maintained
                 that
                 acids
                 do
                 dissolve
                 when
                 they
                 abound
                 ,
                 and
                 Coagulate
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 but
                 few
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 matter
                 ,
                 it
                 should
                 happen
                 that
                 Spittle
                 should
                 then
                 be
                 apter
                 to
                 Coagulate
                 the
                 Aliments
                 in
                 the
                 stomach
                 ,
                 and
                 cause
                 indigestion
                 ,
                 than
                 would
                 a
                 greater
                 quantity
                 of
                 acids
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 seems
                 ,
                 
                 according
                 to
                 my
                 discourse
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 acids
                 are
                 found
                 in
                 a
                 matter
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 liable
                 it
                 must
                 be
                 to
                 dissolve
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 resolve
                 this
                 difficulty
                 ,
                 which
                 seems
                 to
                 be
                 very
                 considerable
                 ,
                 we
                 must
                 observe
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 natural
                 acids
                 of
                 Aliments
                 taken
                 into
                 the
                 stomach
                 ,
                 are
                 sufficient
                 to
                 rarifie
                 and
                 dissolve
                 those
                 bodies
                 which
                 hinder
                 their
                 motion
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 has
                 been
                 begun
                 by
                 Mastication
                 ,
                 or
                 by
                 some
                 salt
                 of
                 the
                 spittle
                 ,
                 which
                 serves
                 as
                 a
                 Leaven
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 much
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 as
                 the
                 salts
                 of
                 meal
                 do
                 rarifie
                 the
                 Paste
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 have
                 been
                 actuated
                 before
                 by
                 Trituration
                 and
                 Leaven
                 together
                 ;
                 but
                 now
                 if
                 there
                 happens
                 to
                 be
                 too
                 much
                 acid
                 in
                 the
                 Aliments
                 that
                 are
                 taken
                 into
                 the
                 stomach
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 have
                 the
                 same
                 effects
                 as
                 Cucumbers
                 and
                 those
                 other
                 things
                 I
                 mentioned
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 preserved
                 in
                 Vinegar
                 .
                 The
                 acids
                 will
                 indeed
                 endeavour
                 to
                 cut
                 in
                 pieces
                 what
                 stands
                 in
                 their
                 way
                 ,
                 but
                 having
                 to
                 do
                 with
                 parts
                 too
                 viscous
                 and
                 heavy
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 soon
                 lose
                 all
                 their
                 activity
                 ,
                 and
                 fix
                 by
                 their
                 quantity
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 gravity
                 the
                 natural
                 salt
                 of
                 these
                 Aliments
                 ,
                 as
                 Vinegar
                 fixes
                 that
                 of
                 Cucumbers
                 ;
                 for
                 when
                 the
                 acids
                 do
                 shut
                 the
                 pores
                 of
                 the
                 matter
                 ,
                 and
                 keep
                 them
                 firm
                 and
                 quiet
                 ,
                 the
                 natural
                 salt
                 cannot
                 exalt
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 cause
                 any
                 Fermentation
                 or
                 digestion
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 reason
                 then
                 why
                 a
                 small
                 portion
                 of
                 acids
                 will
                 cause
                 digestion
                 in
                 the
                 stomach
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 greater
                 quantity
                 will
                 hinder
                 it
                 ,
                 is
                 that
                 the
                 small
                 quantity
                 will
                 joyn
                 with
                 the
                 natural
                 salt
                 of
                 the
                 Aliments
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 its
                 operation
                 without
                 shutting
                 the
                 pores
                 of
                 the
                 matter
                 ,
                 whereas
                 a
                 great
                 store
                 of
                 acids
                 will
                 quite
                 fill
                 the
                 pores
                 of
                 this
                 matter
                 ,
                 and
                 hinder
                 the
                 motion
                 of
                 the
                 natural
                 salt
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 enough
                 
                 that
                 there
                 be
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 acids
                 ,
                 to
                 cause
                 such
                 a
                 dissolution
                 ,
                 these
                 acids
                 must
                 have
                 room
                 to
                 move
                 in
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 make
                 their
                 jostles
                 .
              
               
                 Thus
                 these
                 effects
                 do
                 make
                 nothing
                 against
                 what
                 I
                 have
                 asserted
                 concerning
                 acids
                 ,
                 for
                 a
                 greater
                 quantity
                 of
                 them
                 will
                 always
                 have
                 more
                 disposition
                 ,
                 and
                 tendency
                 to
                 a
                 dissolution
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 this
                 great
                 quantity
                 does
                 Coagulate
                 divers
                 things
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 only
                 by
                 accident
                 ,
                 and
                 through
                 the
                 disposition
                 of
                 the
                 matter
                 into
                 which
                 the
                 acid
                 points
                 have
                 entred
                 .
              
               
                 What
                 I
                 have
                 here
                 established
                 concerning
                 acids
                 may
                 serve
                 very
                 much
                 to
                 explicate
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 Feavers
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 principal
                 symptoms
                 .
              
               
                 First
                 of
                 all
                 every
                 body
                 must
                 grant
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 there
                 are
                 Obstructions
                 in
                 our
                 bodies
                 ,
                 the
                 obstructed
                 matter
                 does
                 ferment
                 and
                 sowr
                 ,
                 as
                 Dough
                 ,
                 Wine
                 ,
                 and
                 several
                 other
                 things
                 grow
                 sowr
                 by
                 being
                 stale
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 matter
                 by
                 Fermenting
                 sends
                 saline
                 or
                 acid
                 vapours
                 into
                 the
                 mass
                 of
                 bloud
                 ,
                 which
                 do
                 cause
                 divers
                 alterations
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 quantity
                 ,
                 and
                 quality
                 ,
                 for
                 these
                 acids
                 are
                 commonly
                 mixt
                 with
                 sulphurs
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Vehicle
                 to
                 the
                 acids
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 more
                 or
                 less
                 corrupted
                 ,
                 according
                 as
                 the
                 matter
                 whence
                 they
                 are
                 derived
                 has
                 sojourned
                 more
                 or
                 less
                 in
                 the
                 obstructed
                 part
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 if
                 these
                 acid
                 vapours
                 are
                 carried
                 into
                 the
                 vessels
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 quantity
                 as
                 is
                 fit
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Leaven
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 then
                 rarifie
                 the
                 bloud
                 too
                 much
                 ,
                 and
                 whereas
                 they
                 by
                 consequence
                 do
                 encrease
                 its
                 motion
                 and
                 heat
                 ,
                 they
                 do
                 cause
                 that
                 which
                 we
                 call
                 a
                 Feaver
                 ;
                 this
                 Feaver
                 must
                 remain
                 as
                 long
                 as
                 the
                 Ferment
                 continues
                 in
                 the
                 bloud
                 ,
                 and
                 according
                 as
                 there
                 comes
                 a
                 new
                 supply
                 of
                 matter
                 
                 in
                 place
                 of
                 that
                 which
                 nature
                 has
                 thrown
                 off
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 if
                 a
                 greater
                 quantity
                 of
                 acids
                 should
                 rise
                 all
                 of
                 a
                 sudden
                 from
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Obstructions
                 ,
                 then
                 there
                 must
                 needs
                 happen
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Coagulation
                 ,
                 for
                 these
                 acids
                 thus
                 abounding
                 ,
                 and
                 fixing
                 the
                 grosser
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 bloud
                 ,
                 do
                 partly
                 lose
                 their
                 motion
                 ,
                 and
                 quiet
                 the
                 Ebullition
                 of
                 the
                 bloud
                 by
                 fixing
                 its
                 parts
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 this
                 kind
                 of
                 Congelation
                 which
                 causes
                 those
                 cold
                 shiverings
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 felt
                 ,
                 before
                 the
                 hot
                 fit
                 begins
                 ;
                 for
                 as
                 the
                 heat
                 is
                 derived
                 from
                 the
                 motion
                 of
                 the
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 the
                 cold
                 is
                 produced
                 from
                 the
                 cessation
                 of
                 their
                 motion
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 cold
                 fit
                 continues
                 until
                 the
                 Spirits
                 have
                 by
                 their
                 activity
                 rarified
                 this
                 Congelation
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Spirits
                 being
                 continually
                 supplied
                 with
                 additional
                 forces
                 do
                 make
                 violent
                 assaults
                 until
                 they
                 have
                 made
                 their
                 way
                 free
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Coagulum
                 being
                 dissolved
                 ,
                 the
                 bloud
                 should
                 seem
                 to
                 Circulate
                 as
                 it
                 did
                 before
                 ,
                 but
                 because
                 the
                 matter
                 of
                 the
                 Coagulum
                 is
                 converted
                 into
                 a
                 Leaven
                 ,
                 this
                 Leaven
                 makes
                 the
                 bloud
                 to
                 boil
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 causes
                 a
                 Feaver
                 ;
                 this
                 Feaver
                 continues
                 until
                 the
                 bloud
                 is
                 freed
                 from
                 all
                 this
                 Ferment
                 ,
                 either
                 by
                 Transpiration
                 ,
                 or
                 by
                 Urine
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 to
                 conceive
                 how
                 this
                 Coagulum
                 may
                 be
                 converted
                 into
                 a
                 Leaven
                 ,
                 we
                 must
                 consider
                 that
                 the
                 Spirits
                 of
                 the
                 bloud
                 have
                 lost
                 most
                 of
                 their
                 acidity
                 in
                 dissolving
                 this
                 Coagulum
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 there
                 remains
                 but
                 only
                 acidity
                 enough
                 to
                 produce
                 a
                 Fermentation
                 .
              
               
                 Nevertheless
                 you
                 must
                 not
                 think
                 I
                 mean
                 by
                 this
                 Congelation
                 now
                 spoken
                 of
                 ,
                 a
                 Coagulum
                 altogether
                 like
                 to
                 that
                 in
                 Milk
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 that
                 which
                 happens
                 ,
                 when
                 an
                 acid
                 liquor
                 is
                 syringed
                 into
                 the
                 Veins
                 of
                 an
                 
                 Animal
                 ,
                 for
                 these
                 Congelations
                 are
                 too
                 strong
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 would
                 then
                 happen
                 the
                 same
                 thing
                 ,
                 or
                 very
                 near
                 the
                 same
                 as
                 does
                 to
                 the
                 Animal
                 ,
                 who
                 soon
                 afterwards
                 falls
                 into
                 Convulsions
                 ,
                 and
                 dies
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 course
                 of
                 the
                 Spirits
                 and
                 bloud
                 would
                 be
                 intirely
                 stopt
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 would
                 never
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 break
                 through
                 so
                 great
                 an
                 obstacle
                 :
                 but
                 I
                 do
                 understand
                 here
                 that
                 the
                 bloud
                 is
                 made
                 thicker
                 than
                 it
                 was
                 ,
                 and
                 has
                 not
                 so
                 free
                 a
                 motion
                 as
                 it
                 had
                 before
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 enough
                 to
                 cause
                 such
                 cold
                 fits
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 it
                 remains
                 for
                 me
                 to
                 explicate
                 how
                 it
                 comes
                 to
                 pass
                 that
                 Feavers
                 have
                 their
                 returns
                 regularly
                 by
                 fits
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 matter
                 that
                 makes
                 the
                 Obstructions
                 which
                 I
                 have
                 laid
                 down
                 for
                 the
                 Fundamental
                 cause
                 of
                 Feavers
                 ,
                 begins
                 not
                 to
                 send
                 forth
                 its
                 vapours
                 ,
                 nor
                 to
                 disperse
                 its
                 acid
                 salt
                 into
                 the
                 bloud
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 cause
                 a
                 Feaver
                 ,
                 until
                 it
                 has
                 got
                 together
                 a
                 certain
                 quantity
                 in
                 the
                 obstructed
                 vessels
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 it
                 is
                 probable
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 new
                 discharge
                 of
                 the
                 matter
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 discharge
                 or
                 eruption
                 of
                 Feaverish
                 matter
                 must
                 happen
                 at
                 set
                 times
                 ,
                 so
                 long
                 as
                 the
                 Obstruction
                 lasts
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 humors
                 which
                 Circulate
                 to
                 the
                 obstructed
                 parts
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 stop
                 ,
                 are
                 always
                 in
                 an
                 equal
                 quickness
                 and
                 an
                 equal
                 quantity
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 because
                 in
                 a
                 Tertian
                 ,
                 the
                 vessels
                 wherein
                 the
                 obstruction
                 happens
                 ,
                 do
                 acquire
                 in
                 two
                 days
                 a
                 sufficient
                 repletion
                 of
                 matter
                 to
                 produce
                 the
                 Eruption
                 and
                 Fermentation
                 I
                 have
                 spoken
                 of
                 ,
                 the
                 Fits
                 do
                 come
                 to
                 operate
                 every
                 second
                 day
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 because
                 in
                 a
                 Quartan
                 the
                 humors
                 are
                 more
                 tenacious
                 and
                 heavy
                 ,
                 and
                 flow
                 with
                 less
                 expedition
                 ,
                 the
                 Fermentation
                 and
                 eruption
                 must
                 needs
                 be
                 
                 slower
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 the
                 fits
                 more
                 distant
                 the
                 one
                 from
                 the
                 other
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Quotidian
                 Ague
                 is
                 caused
                 by
                 a
                 
                   Saline
                   Pituita
                
                 which
                 is
                 naturally
                 fluid
                 enough
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 matter
                 ferment
                 in
                 less
                 time
                 ,
                 wherefore
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 the
                 fits
                 do
                 return
                 every
                 day
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 may
                 reason
                 concerning
                 the
                 other
                 kinds
                 of
                 Feavers
                 upon
                 the
                 same
                 principle
                 ,
                 and
                 explicate
                 all
                 the
                 accidents
                 that
                 happen
                 ,
                 but
                 I
                 have
                 no
                 design
                 to
                 enlarge
                 my self
                 further
                 upon
                 this
                 subject
                 ,
                 I
                 should
                 think
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 too
                 great
                 a
                 digression
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 book
                 should
                 rather
                 be
                 made
                 on
                 purpose
                 ,
                 to
                 express
                 all
                 the
                 circumstances
                 which
                 might
                 be
                 deduced
                 from
                 it
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Volatile
               Salt
               of
               Tartar.
               
            
             
               This
               Operation
               is
               the
               Salt
               of
               the
               Lees
               of
               Wine
               ,
               volatilized
               by
               fermentation
               .
            
             
               Dry
               the
               Lees
               of
               wine
               with
               a
               gentle
               fire
               ,
               and
               fill
               with
               them
               two
               thirds
               of
               a
               large
               earthen
               or
               glass
               Retort
               ,
               place
               this
               Retort
               in
               a
               Reverberatory
               Furnace
               ,
               and
               fitting
               to
               it
               a
               large
               Receiver
               ,
               give
               a
               small
               fire
               to
               it
               to
               heat
               the
               Retort
               by
               degrees
               ,
               and
               to
               drive
               forth
               an
               insipid
               phlegm
               ;
               when
               vapours
               begin
               to
               rise
               ,
               you
               must
               take
               out
               the
               phlegm
               ,
               and
               luting
               carefully
               the
               junctures
               of
               your
               vessels
               ,
               quicken
               the
               fire
               by
               little
               and
               little
               ,
               until
               you
               find
               the
               Receiver
               filled
               with
               white
               clouds
               ;
               continue
               it
               in
               this
               condition
               ,
               and
               when
               you
               perceive
               the
               Receiver
               to
               cool
               ,
               raise
               the
               fire
               to
               the
               utmost
               extremity
               ,
               and
               continue
               it
               so
               ,
               until
               there
               rise
               no
               more
               vapours
               .
               When
               the
               vessels
               are
               cold
               ,
               unlute
               the
               
               Receiver
               ,
               and
               shaking
               it
               about
               to
               make
               the
               Volatile
               salt
               which
               sticks
               to
               it
               fall
               to
               the
               bottom
               ,
               pour
               it
               all
               into
               a
               Bolt-head
               ;
               fit
               to
               it
               a
               Head
               with
               a
               small
               Receiver
               ;
               lute
               well
               the
               junctures
               ,
               and
               placing
               it
               in
               sand
               ,
               give
               a
               litttle
               fire
               under
               it
               ,
               and
               the
               Volatile
               salt
               will
               rise
               ,
               and
               stick
               to
               the
               head
               ,
               and
               the
               top
               of
               the
               Bolt-head
               ;
               take
               off
               your
               head
               ,
               and
               set
               on
               another
               in
               its
               place
               :
               gather
               your
               salt
               ,
               and
               stop
               it
               up
               quickly
               ,
               for
               it
               easily
               dissolves
               into
               a
               liquor
               ;
               continue
               the
               fire
               ,
               and
               take
               care
               to
               gather
               the
               salt
               according
               as
               you
               see
               it
               appear
               ;
               but
               when
               there
               rises
               no
               more
               salt
               ,
               a
               liquor
               will
               distil
               ,
               of
               which
               you
               must
               draw
               about
               three
               ounces
               ,
               and
               then
               put
               out
               the
               fire
               .
            
             
               This
               salt
               is
               in
               great
               request
               for
               to
               purifie
               the
               bloud
               ,
               by
               sweat
               or
               urine
               :
               it
               may
               be
               given
               in
               the
               Palsie
               ,
               Apoplexy
               ,
               Epilepsie
               ,
               Quartan
               and
               Tertian
               Agues
               ,
               and
               to
               open
               Obstructions
               ;
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               six
               grains
               to
               fifteen
               in
               some
               proper
               liquor
               .
            
             
               The
               distilled
               liquor
               is
               a
               Volatile
               salt
               that
               is
               risen
               with
               the
               phlegm
               ;
               it
               is
               called
               the
               Volatile
               Spirit
               of
               Tartar
               ,
               and
               has
               the
               same
               virtues
               as
               the
               salt
               ;
               its
               dose
               is
               from
               eight
               to
               four
               and
               twenty
               drops
               .
            
             
               After
               this
               same
               manner
               the
               Volatile
               salt
               of
               
                 Beans
                 ,
                 Soot
              
               ,
               and
               divers
               Fruits
               and
               Seeds
               may
               be
               prepared
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Lees
                 of
                 Wine
                 being
                 incomparably
                 more
                 Fermented
                 than
                 the
                 Tartar
                 which
                 is
                 found
                 in
                 the
                 sides
                 of
                 vessels
                 ,
                 we
                 need
                 not
                 wonder
                 if
                 its
                 salt
                 is
                 more
                 Volatile
                 .
              
               
               
                 This
                 salt
                 is
                 sublimed
                 in
                 a
                 Bolt-head
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 the
                 phlegm
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 too
                 heavy
                 to
                 rise
                 easily
                 so
                 high
                 ,
                 may
                 not
                 mix
                 with
                 it
                 ;
                 but
                 it
                 is
                 extraordinary
                 hard
                 to
                 keep
                 this
                 salt
                 dry
                 ,
                 it
                 easily
                 humects
                 and
                 dissolves
                 into
                 a
                 liquor
                 ,
                 wherefore
                 it
                 were
                 much
                 better
                 to
                 draw
                 it
                 in
                 a
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 and
                 less
                 of
                 the
                 Volatile
                 part
                 would
                 be
                 lost
                 ,
                 being
                 detained
                 by
                 the
                 phlegm
                 .
              
               
                 Nevertheless
                 because
                 there
                 are
                 several
                 persons
                 who
                 are
                 as
                 well
                 pleased
                 with
                 the
                 sight
                 of
                 things
                 ,
                 as
                 their
                 effects
                 ,
                 this
                 liquefied
                 salt
                 might
                 then
                 be
                 mixt
                 with
                 a
                 sufficient
                 quantity
                 of
                 Calcined
                 bones
                 powdered
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 thereof
                 a
                 Paste
                 ,
                 which
                 might
                 be
                 made
                 into
                 little
                 Pellets
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 put
                 into
                 a
                 Bolt-head
                 ,
                 and
                 fitting
                 to
                 it
                 a
                 Blind-head
                 ,
                 this
                 salt
                 may
                 be
                 sublimed
                 or
                 rectified
                 as
                 before
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 
                   pure
                   salt
                
                 must
                 be
                 kept
                 in
                 Viols
                 well
                 stopt
                 ,
              
               
                 The
                 difficulty
                 there
                 is
                 in
                 keeping
                 this
                 Volatile
                 salt
                 dry
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 that
                 of
                 other
                 Vegetables
                 ,
                 does
                 proceed
                 from
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 only
                 the
                 more
                 essencial
                 part
                 is
                 volatilized
                 ,
                 for
                 there
                 remains
                 much
                 sixt
                 salt
                 with
                 the
                 earth
                 in
                 the
                 Retort
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 volatile
                 salt
                 becomes
                 alkali
                 by
                 the
                 means
                 of
                 fire
                 ,
                 as
                 other
                 volatile
                 salts
                 do
                 ,
                 whereof
                 I
                 have
                 already
                 spoken
                 in
                 my
                 Remarks
                 upon
                 the
                 Principles
                 ;
                 and
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 manner
                 of
                 probability
                 that
                 it
                 should
                 have
                 been
                 of
                 this
                 nature
                 ,
                 either
                 in
                 the
                 Plant
                 or
                 in
                 the
                 Lees
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 reasons
                 that
                 I
                 have
                 shewn
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 shall
                 add
                 here
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 the
                 alkali
                 salt
                 did
                 exist
                 in
                 the
                 Lees
                 ,
                 but
                 is
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 expand
                 it self
                 ,
                 and
                 get
                 the
                 predominancy
                 of
                 acids
                 but
                 only
                 by
                 a
                 long
                 Fermentation
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Chymists
                 will
                 have
                 it
                 ,
                 who
                 follow
                 the
                 common
                 way
                 of
                 discoursing
                 of
                 these
                 
                 things
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 then
                 necessarily
                 follow
                 that
                 the
                 more
                 Lees
                 do
                 ferment
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 they
                 must
                 lose
                 of
                 their
                 acidity
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 alkali
                 would
                 destroy
                 it
                 .
                 Nevertheless
                 the
                 contrary
                 to
                 this
                 happens
                 ;
                 for
                 Lees
                 do
                 sowr
                 as
                 they
                 grow
                 stale
                 ,
                 &
                 those
                 who
                 make
                 Vinegar
                 ,
                 do
                 know
                 well
                 enough
                 how
                 to
                 use
                 the
                 Lees
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 make
                 them
                 ferment
                 with
                 their
                 wine
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 would
                 make
                 Vinegar
                 quickly
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 seems
                 to
                 me
                 from
                 the
                 consideration
                 of
                 this
                 effect
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 little
                 reason
                 to
                 follow
                 the
                 Sentiments
                 of
                 some
                 ,
                 who
                 have
                 writ
                 that
                 the
                 Lees
                 of
                 wine
                 abounding
                 in
                 volatile
                 salt
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 sulphureous
                 spirit
                 do
                 contain
                 but
                 very
                 little
                 acid
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 is
                 as
                 plain
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 that
                 this
                 volatile
                 salt
                 is
                 acid
                 in
                 the
                 Lees
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 the
                 same
                 that
                 makes
                 the
                 acid
                 spirit
                 of
                 Vinegar
                 ,
                 being
                 more
                 volatile
                 than
                 many
                 other
                 acids
                 ,
                 to
                 volatilize
                 with
                 its
                 phlegm
                 in
                 the
                 distillation
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 true
                 that
                 salt
                 of
                 Tartar
                 drawn
                 by
                 the
                 Retort
                 ,
                 does
                 rise
                 more
                 easily
                 than
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Vinegar
                 ,
                 but
                 this
                 is
                 from
                 its
                 being
                 volatilized
                 by
                 the
                 violent
                 heat
                 of
                 fire
                 .
              
               
                 Another
                 mark
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 salt
                 of
                 Lees
                 is
                 acid
                 ,
                 is
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Tartar
                 does
                 all
                 dissolve
                 in
                 the
                 wine
                 ,
                 and
                 turns
                 into
                 Vinegar
                 ;
                 for
                 very
                 little
                 or
                 no
                 Lees
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 Tartar
                 ,
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 found
                 in
                 the
                 vessels
                 wherein
                 Vinegar
                 is
                 made
                 ,
                 although
                 there
                 was
                 some
                 naturally
                 before
                 ,
                 or
                 though
                 some
                 more
                 were
                 added
                 to
                 it
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 said
                 in
                 the
                 Chapter
                 of
                 Vinegar
                 .
              
               
                 Perhaps
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 objected
                 ,
                 that
                 Lees
                 are
                 sometimes
                 added
                 to
                 wines
                 grown
                 ropy
                 and
                 mucilaginous
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 them
                 good
                 again
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 those
                 wines
                 are
                 not
                 sowred
                 by
                 the
                 Lees.
                 
              
               
               
                 But
                 this
                 effect
                 happens
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 former
                 Fermentation
                 becoming
                 imperfect
                 ,
                 through
                 the
                 too
                 great
                 quantity
                 of
                 phlegm
                 for
                 the
                 little
                 proportion
                 of
                 salt
                 that
                 was
                 in
                 the
                 wines
                 ,
                 the
                 salt
                 of
                 the
                 Lees
                 does
                 rarifie
                 ,
                 exalt
                 ,
                 and
                 conjoin
                 with
                 the
                 Oily
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 liquor
                 that
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 wine
                 is
                 made
                 of
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 said
                 in
                 the
                 Chapter
                 of
                 Wine
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 the
                 wine
                 does
                 not
                 sowr
                 ,
                 so
                 long
                 as
                 the
                 salt
                 finds
                 Oil
                 to
                 act
                 upon
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 does
                 so
                 ,
                 when
                 this
                 salt
                 finds
                 nothing
                 to
                 hinder
                 it
                 from
                 expanding
                 itself
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 volatile
                 salt
                 of
                 Tartar
                 produces
                 much
                 the
                 same
                 effects
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 of
                 Beans
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 seeds
                 ,
                 and
                 though
                 many
                 will
                 needs
                 give
                 it
                 sublime
                 and
                 extraordinary
                 virtues
                 in
                 comparison
                 with
                 other
                 volatile
                 salts
                 ,
                 I
                 do'nt
                 see
                 any
                 reason
                 for
                 such
                 high
                 conceits
                 ,
                 nor
                 that
                 effects
                 do
                 answer
                 their
                 pretences
                 .
              
               
                 Volatile
                 salts
                 have
                 a
                 good
                 use
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 find
                 the
                 pores
                 &
                 humors
                 disposed
                 for
                 perspiration
                 ,
                 but
                 they
                 are
                 full
                 as
                 dangerous
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 humors
                 are
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 prepared
                 ;
                 for
                 by
                 their
                 volatility
                 they
                 do
                 put
                 the
                 humors
                 into
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 motion
                 ,
                 that
                 oftentimes
                 the
                 Feaver
                 is
                 encreased
                 by
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 translation
                 made
                 to
                 the
                 Brain
                 :
                 wherefore
                 you
                 must
                 consider
                 well
                 the
                 Temper
                 and
                 present
                 state
                 of
                 your
                 Patient
                 ,
                 before
                 you
                 presume
                 to
                 give
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 That
                 which
                 remains
                 in
                 the
                 Bolt-head
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 volatile
                 salt
                 ,
                 and
                 spirit
                 are
                 drawn
                 off
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 black
                 and
                 stinking
                 Oil
                 mixt
                 with
                 the
                 more
                 phlegmatick
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 liquor
                 ;
                 you
                 must
                 separate
                 this
                 Oil
                 in
                 a
                 Tunnel
                 lined
                 with
                 brown
                 paper
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 good
                 for
                 the
                 Palsie
                 ,
                 for
                 Cold
                 pains
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 Hysterical
                 women
                 to
                 smell
                 to
                 .
              
               
               
                 A
                 Lee
                 or
                 
                   Tartar
                   Calcined
                
                 is
                 found
                 in
                 the
                 Retort
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 which
                 you
                 may
                 draw
                 a
                 fixt
                 alkali
                 salt
                 ,
                 as
                 out
                 of
                 common
                 Tartar
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 a
                 much
                 less
                 quantity
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 salt
                 of
                 Lees
                 is
                 volatilized
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             XV.
             
               Of
               Opium
            
             .
          
           
             OPium
             is
             a
             Tear
             ,
             which
             distils
             of
             itself
             ,
             or
             by
             Incision
             of
             the
             heads
             of
             Poppies
             ,
             found
             very
             frequently
             in
             Greece
             ,
             in
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             Cambaia
             ,
             and
             the
             territories
             of
             Grand-Cairo
             in
             Egypt
             :
             there
             are
             three
             sorts
             of
             it
             ,
             the
             Black
             ,
             the
             White
             ,
             and
             the
             Yellow
             .
          
           
             The
             Inhabitants
             of
             those
             Countries
             do
             keep
             this
             Opium
             for
             their
             own
             use
             ,
             and
             do
             send
             us
             only
             the
             Meconium
             ,
             which
             is
             nothing
             else
             but
             the
             Juyce
             of
             these
             same
             Poppy-heads
             ,
             drawn
             by
             expression
             ,
             and
             then
             thickned
             ,
             and
             wrapt
             up
             in
             leaves
             to
             transport
             the
             better
             .
             It
             is
             this
             Drug
             that
             we
             improperly
             call
             Opium
             ,
             and
             always
             use
             for
             want
             of
             the
             true
             ;
             but
             being
             more
             impure
             than
             the
             true
             ,
             it
             hath
             not
             the
             same
             activity
             ,
             and
             strength
             .
          
           
             A
             Meconium
             may
             be
             made
             after
             the
             same
             manner
             with
             the
             heads
             of
             those
             Poppies
             that
             grow
             in
             
               Italy
               ,
               Languedoc
            
             ,
             and
             Provence
             ,
             but
             it
             will
             prove
             much
             weaker
             than
             the
             former
             .
          
           
           
             The
             Opium
             which
             comes
             from
             Thebes
             ,
             or
             else
             from
             Grand-Cairo
             ,
             is
             accounted
             the
             best
             ,
             you
             must
             choose
             it
             Black
             ,
             Inflammable
             ,
             bitter
             to
             the
             taste
             ,
             and
             a
             little
             acrimonious
             ,
             its
             smell
             must
             be
             disagreeable
             and
             stupefactive
             .
          
           
             
               Extract
               of
               Opium
               ,
               called
               Laudanum
               .
            
             
               This
               Operation
               is
               the
               purer
               part
               of
               Opium
               drawn
               in
               water
               and
               Spirit
               of
               wine
               ,
               and
               reduced
               to
               the
               consistence
               of
               an
               extract
               .
            
             
               Cut
               into
               slices
               four
               ounces
               of
               good
               Opium
               ,
               and
               put
               it
               into
               a
               bolt-head
               ;
               pour
               upon
               it
               a
               quart
               of
               Rain-water
               well
               filtred
               ;
               stop
               the
               bolt-head
               ,
               and
               setting
               it
               in
               sand
               ,
               give
               your
               fire
               by
               degrees
               ,
               then
               increase
               it
               ,
               to
               make
               the
               liquor
               boil
               for
               two
               hours
               ,
               strain
               it
               warm
               ,
               and
               pour
               it
               into
               a
               bottle
               .
            
             
               Take
               the
               Opium
               which
               remains
               undissolved
               in
               the
               Rain-water
               ;
               dry
               it
               in
               an
               earthen
               pan
               ,
               over
               a
               small
               fire
               ,
               and
               putting
               it
               into
               a
               Matrass
               pour
               upon
               it
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 wine
              
               to
               the
               height
               of
               four
               fingers
               ;
               stop
               the
               Matrass
               ,
               and
               digest
               the
               matter
               twelve
               hours
               in
               hot
               Ashes
               ;
               afterwards
               strain
               the
               liquor
               ,
               and
               there
               will
               remain
               a
               glutinous
               earth
               which
               is
               to
               be
               flung
               away
               .
            
             
               Evaporate
               both
               these
               dissolutions
               of
               Opium
               separately
               ,
               in
               earthen
               or
               glass
               vessels
               ,
               in
               a
               Sand-heat
               ,
               to
               the
               consistence
               of
               honey
               ,
               then
               mix
               them
               ,
               and
               finish
               the
               drying
               this
               mixture
               with
               a
               very
               gentle
               heat
               ,
               to
               give
               it
               the
               consistence
               of
               Pills
               ,
               or
               a
               solid
               Extract
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               the
               most
               certain
               Soporifick
               that
               we
               have
               in
               Physick
               ,
               it
               allays
               all
               pains
               which
               proceed
               from
               too
               
               great
               an
               activity
               of
               the
               humors
               ,
               it
               is
               good
               for
               the
               Tooth-ach
               ,
               applied
               to
               the
               tooth
               ,
               or
               else
               to
               the
               Temple-artery
               in
               a
               plaister
               ,
               it
               is
               used
               for
               to
               stop
               spitting
               of
               bloud
               ,
               the
               bloudy-flux
               ,
               the
               flux
               of
               the
               menses
               and
               hemorrhoids
               ,
               for
               the
               colick
               ,
               for
               hot
               defluxions
               on
               the
               eyes
               ,
               and
               to
               quiet
               all
               sorts
               of
               griping
               pains
               :
               the
               dose
               of
               it
               is
               from
               half
               a
               grain
               to
               three
               ,
               in
               some
               convenient
               Conserve
               ,
               or
               else
               dissolved
               in
               a
               Julep
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 Opium
                 is
                 compounded
                 of
                 a
                 Spirituous
                 part
                 and
                 a
                 gross
                 terrestrious
                 Rosine
                 ;
                 the
                 Spirituous
                 part
                 may
                 be
                 easily
                 dissolv'd
                 in
                 water
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Resinous
                 requires
                 a
                 more
                 convenient
                 Menstruum
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 .
                 You
                 must
                 dry
                 the
                 Opium
                 after
                 the
                 first
                 dissolution
                 ,
                 least
                 the
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 be
                 too
                 much
                 weakned
                 by
                 the
                 watry
                 part
                 that
                 remains
                 ,
                 which
                 would
                 hinder
                 the
                 solution
                 from
                 being
                 done
                 so
                 well
                 as
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 .
              
               
                 Distilled
                 Vinegar
                 dissolves
                 Opium
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 acids
                 may
                 diminish
                 its
                 virtue
                 ,
                 by
                 destroying
                 or
                 fixing
                 its
                 volatile
                 part
                 ,
                 which
                 serves
                 for
                 a
                 vehicle
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 .
              
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 wine
                 alone
                 might
                 be
                 used
                 to
                 dissolve
                 both
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Opium
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 might
                 be
                 feared
                 it
                 would
                 carry
                 away
                 with
                 it
                 the
                 volatile
                 part
                 in
                 the
                 Evaporation
                 .
              
               
                 All
                 that
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 Opium
                 is
                 preserved
                 by
                 my
                 description
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Resinous
                 part
                 dissolved
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 cannot
                 evaporate
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 heavier
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 part
                 which
                 I
                 call
                 Volatile
                 in
                 comparison
                 with
                 the
                 first
                 is
                 mixt
                 with
                 a
                 little
                 Rosine
                 that
                 keeps
                 it
                 back
                 ,
                 while
                 the
                 water
                 evaporates
                 .
                 The
                 truth
                 of
                 this
                 I
                 have
                 found
                 by
                 experience
                 ,
                 and
                 any
                 body
                 else
                 may
                 try
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 I
                 
                 have
                 done
                 ,
                 by
                 distilling
                 these
                 liqours
                 .
                 Lastly
                 it
                 is
                 hard
                 to
                 use
                 any
                 greater
                 precaution
                 than
                 this
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 preservation
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 pure
                 parts
                 of
                 Opium
                 ,
                 and
                 fewer
                 Menstruums
                 can
                 be
                 used
                 that
                 are
                 more
                 convenient
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 in
                 curiosity
                 you
                 weigh
                 the
                 glutinous
                 earth
                 after
                 it
                 is
                 dried
                 ,
                 you
                 will
                 find
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 half
                 an
                 ounce
                 .
              
               
                 Almost
                 all
                 Authors
                 have
                 appointed
                 to
                 torrifie
                 Opium
                 before
                 it
                 be
                 dissolved
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 a
                 certain
                 malignity
                 which
                 they
                 say
                 is
                 in
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 evaporated
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 which
                 they
                 call
                 malignity
                 is
                 nothing
                 but
                 the
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 or
                 Sulphurs
                 that
                 are
                 most
                 volatile
                 ,
                 whereof
                 I
                 spoke
                 but
                 now
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 by
                 the
                 Torrefaction
                 they
                 deprive
                 it
                 of
                 its
                 more
                 active
                 part
                 .
                 They
                 do
                 further
                 add
                 to
                 the
                 Extract
                 commonly
                 drawn
                 with
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 ,
                 Coral
                 ,
                 Pearl
                 ,
                 Treacle
                 ,
                 Extract
                 of
                 Saffron
                 ,
                 Cordial
                 Confections
                 ,
                 Hysterical
                 ingredients
                 and
                 other
                 things
                 which
                 may
                 resist
                 a
                 cold
                 malignity
                 in
                 the
                 fourth
                 degree
                 which
                 they
                 pretend
                 to
                 be
                 in
                 Opium
                 .
                 But
                 experience
                 convinces
                 us
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 dangerous
                 ,
                 when
                 given
                 in
                 the
                 foresaid
                 dose
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 need
                 at
                 all
                 of
                 losing
                 its
                 volatile
                 part
                 by
                 Torrefaction
                 ,
                 nor
                 of
                 mixing
                 it
                 with
                 other
                 ingredients
                 which
                 may
                 hinder
                 its
                 operation
                 ,
                 or
                 retard
                 its
                 effect
                 .
                 It
                 belongs
                 to
                 the
                 Physician
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 thinks
                 fit
                 to
                 give
                 it
                 ,
                 to
                 judge
                 whether
                 there
                 be
                 any
                 need
                 of
                 an
                 Hysterick
                 ,
                 or
                 Cordial
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 may
                 appoint
                 to
                 be
                 mixed
                 upon
                 the
                 spot
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 shall
                 not
                 stay
                 to
                 examine
                 here
                 whether
                 Opium
                 is
                 cold
                 or
                 hot
                 ;
                 they
                 who
                 have
                 made
                 the
                 Anatomy
                 of
                 this
                 mixt
                 ,
                 do
                 know
                 very
                 well
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 almost
                 all
                 of
                 it
                 Sulphur
                 .
                 I
                 shall
                 endeavour
                 to
                 explicate
                 its
                 effects
                 the
                 most
                 sensibly
                 I
                 can
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Rules
                 of
                 Chymistry
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 virtue
                 of
                 Opium
                 consists
                 in
                 causing
                 sleep
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 by
                 calming
                 the
                 motion
                 of
                 the
                 Spirits
                 ;
                 for
                 since
                 watchfulness
                 does
                 proceed
                 from
                 the
                 motion
                 of
                 the
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 which
                 by
                 rarifying
                 the
                 humors
                 in
                 the
                 little
                 passages
                 of
                 the
                 Brain
                 do
                 augment
                 their
                 Circulation
                 ,
                 it
                 may
                 surely
                 be
                 said
                 with
                 probability
                 enough
                 that
                 sleep
                 is
                 caused
                 by
                 some
                 condensation
                 of
                 the
                 humors
                 ,
                 which
                 happens
                 from
                 a
                 repose
                 of
                 the
                 Spirits
                 in
                 the
                 Brain
                 .
                 According
                 to
                 this
                 Principle
                 then
                 there
                 must
                 be
                 contained
                 in
                 Opium
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 Soporificks
                 ,
                 a
                 certain
                 substance
                 that
                 inviscates
                 the
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 and
                 hinders
                 them
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 from
                 Circulating
                 so
                 fast
                 as
                 they
                 did
                 before
                 .
                 Let
                 us
                 examine
                 now
                 ,
                 whether
                 any
                 such
                 thing
                 can
                 probably
                 be
                 found
                 in
                 Opium
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Analysis
                 I
                 have
                 made
                 of
                 it
                 :
                 first
                 of
                 all
                 I
                 have
                 observed
                 a
                 Spirituous
                 part
                 ,
                 but
                 after
                 that
                 hath
                 been
                 drawn
                 out
                 by
                 means
                 of
                 Rain-water
                 ,
                 there
                 remains
                 a
                 gummous
                 and
                 terrestrious
                 matter
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 is
                 the
                 substance
                 that
                 I
                 find
                 so
                 proper
                 to
                 produce
                 this
                 effect
                 .
                 For
                 nothing
                 in
                 Physick
                 is
                 so
                 fit
                 to
                 thicken
                 the
                 bloud
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 humors
                 ,
                 as
                 things
                 that
                 are
                 Mucilaginous
                 :
                 Milk
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Emulsions
                 which
                 are
                 drawn
                 from
                 divers
                 seeds
                 ,
                 the
                 Water-Lily
                 ,
                 Lettice
                 ,
                 nay
                 and
                 all
                 temperate
                 Aliments
                 ,
                 do
                 frequently
                 incline
                 to
                 sleep
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 are
                 impregnated
                 with
                 a
                 gummous
                 substance
                 ,
                 which
                 mixing
                 in
                 the
                 bloud
                 ,
                 does
                 serve
                 to
                 agglutinate
                 the
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 moderate
                 the
                 quickness
                 of
                 their
                 motion
                 ;
                 this
                 now
                 being
                 supposed
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 easie
                 to
                 conceive
                 how
                 Opium
                 makes
                 one
                 sleep
                 ,
                 seeing
                 it
                 is
                 loaded
                 with
                 Mucilaginous
                 parts
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 conveighed
                 into
                 the
                 vessels
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 without
                 doubt
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 here
                 objected
                 ,
                 that
                 Opium
                 is
                 full
                 of
                 subtile
                 parts
                 ,
                 which
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 
                 instead
                 of
                 condensing
                 the
                 Spirits
                 must
                 needs
                 rarifie
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 further
                 ,
                 that
                 according
                 to
                 my
                 discourse
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Gummous
                 matters
                 should
                 incline
                 to
                 sleep
                 as
                 well
                 Opium
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 thing
                 manifestly
                 false
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 ,
                 I
                 answer
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Spirits
                 of
                 Opium
                 being
                 actuated
                 by
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Stomach
                 do
                 serve
                 to
                 raise
                 the
                 Gummous
                 part
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 conduct
                 it
                 into
                 the
                 little
                 passages
                 of
                 the
                 Brain
                 ,
                 but
                 having
                 there
                 introduced
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 either
                 fly
                 away
                 through
                 their
                 volatile
                 nature
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 condense
                 with
                 the
                 moisture
                 of
                 the
                 Brain
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 thing
                 happens
                 ,
                 after
                 drinking
                 any
                 Spirituous
                 liquor
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 Wine
                 ,
                 Cyder
                 ,
                 or
                 Beer
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Sulphureous
                 Spirits
                 of
                 these
                 liquors
                 carrying
                 along
                 with
                 them
                 some
                 phlegmatick
                 parts
                 ,
                 do
                 conduct
                 them
                 into
                 the
                 little
                 vessels
                 of
                 the
                 Brain
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 do
                 cause
                 some
                 Coagulation
                 there
                 ,
                 whence
                 it
                 comes
                 to
                 pass
                 that
                 a
                 man
                 who
                 is
                 drunk
                 commonly
                 sleeps
                 until
                 the
                 Spirits
                 of
                 the
                 liquor
                 he
                 is
                 intoxicated
                 with
                 are
                 in
                 part
                 spent
                 ,
                 or
                 evaporated
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 Brain
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 second
                 place
                 ,
                 I
                 say
                 that
                 all
                 Gummous
                 or
                 viscous
                 things
                 are
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 cause
                 a
                 sleepiness
                 as
                 Opium
                 does
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 have
                 not
                 equally
                 the
                 same
                 proportion
                 of
                 volatile
                 Spirits
                 to
                 convey
                 them
                 into
                 the
                 Brain
                 .
                 They
                 may
                 indeed
                 ,
                 by
                 giving
                 more
                 consistence
                 to
                 the
                 bloud
                 ,
                 moderate
                 its
                 motion
                 a
                 little
                 ,
                 and
                 excite
                 some
                 disposition
                 to
                 sleeping
                 ;
                 but
                 it
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 done
                 so
                 quickly
                 as
                 by
                 the
                 means
                 of
                 Opium
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 likewise
                 do
                 it
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 less
                 force
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 should
                 mix
                 volatile
                 Spirits
                 with
                 the
                 Gummous
                 matters
                 I
                 now
                 spoke
                 of
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 not
                 follow
                 
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 prove
                 narcotick
                 as
                 Opium
                 is
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Spirits
                 not
                 being
                 capable
                 of
                 so
                 strict
                 an
                 union
                 with
                 those
                 matters
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Spirituous
                 part
                 of
                 Opium
                 has
                 received
                 with
                 its
                 viscous
                 substance
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 soon
                 separate
                 from
                 one
                 another
                 in
                 the
                 stomach
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 gummous
                 matter
                 would
                 want
                 a
                 vehicle
                 to
                 convey
                 it
                 into
                 the
                 channels
                 of
                 the
                 brain
                 ,
                 as
                 would
                 be
                 requisite
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 cause
                 sleep
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 viscous
                 parts
                 of
                 Opium
                 insinuating
                 into
                 the
                 small
                 channels
                 of
                 the
                 brain
                 ,
                 do
                 there
                 produce
                 a
                 condensation
                 or
                 inspissation
                 of
                 the
                 humors
                 ,
                 until
                 by
                 little
                 and
                 little
                 new
                 Spirits
                 do
                 draw
                 together
                 ,
                 which
                 by
                 dissolving
                 and
                 rarifying
                 this
                 glue
                 ,
                 do
                 carry
                 it
                 along
                 with
                 the
                 bloud
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 humors
                 .
                 And
                 then
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 the
                 sleeping
                 ceases
                 ,
                 a
                 man
                 finds
                 himself
                 awake
                 as
                 before
                 .
              
               
                 Reason
                 may
                 be
                 given
                 why
                 pains
                 in
                 many
                 places
                 are
                 asswaged
                 after
                 the
                 effect
                 of
                 Laudanum
                 ,
                 for
                 these
                 pains
                 being
                 caused
                 by
                 an
                 agitation
                 of
                 the
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 when
                 these
                 Spirits
                 are
                 condensed
                 ,
                 the
                 pain
                 consequently
                 ceases
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 Opium
                 does
                 perform
                 exceeding
                 well
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 said
                 .
              
               
                 Those
                 who
                 fall
                 into
                 Deliriums
                 in
                 a
                 continued
                 Feaver
                 ,
                 do
                 find
                 themselves
                 strangely
                 relieved
                 by
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 Opium
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 that
                 the
                 principal
                 cause
                 of
                 this
                 accident
                 is
                 an
                 acrimonious
                 salt
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 got
                 into
                 the
                 Brain
                 ,
                 and
                 irritates
                 its
                 membranes
                 .
                 Now
                 Laudanum
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 viscous
                 substance
                 ,
                 unites
                 with
                 these
                 salts
                 by
                 means
                 of
                 its
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 and
                 takes
                 away
                 their
                 Acrimony
                 .
                 It
                 likewise
                 stops
                 the
                 Dysentery
                 ,
                 the
                 Flux
                 of
                 the
                 menses
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Hemorrhagies
                 by
                 sweetning
                 the
                 acrimonious
                 Salts
                 which
                 fomented
                 them
                 .
              
               
               
                 Lastly
                 Opium
                 may
                 be
                 said
                 to
                 be
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 Remedies
                 that
                 we
                 have
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 properly
                 administred
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 reasonable
                 dose
                 :
                 but
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 given
                 in
                 too
                 great
                 a
                 quantity
                 ,
                 it
                 so
                 thickens
                 and
                 glues
                 the
                 humors
                 in
                 the
                 brain
                 by
                 its
                 viscous
                 parts
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Spirits
                 which
                 come
                 afterwards
                 to
                 succour
                 ,
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 dissolve
                 this
                 viscosity
                 ,
                 are
                 forced
                 to
                 stop
                 and
                 congeal
                 likewise
                 by
                 little
                 and
                 little
                 ,
                 until
                 at
                 last
                 they
                 lose
                 all
                 their
                 motion
                 ,
                 whence
                 it
                 comes
                 to
                 pass
                 that
                 many
                 do
                 dye
                 upon
                 the
                 taking
                 of
                 Opium
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 remarkable
                 ,
                 that
                 many
                 do
                 so
                 accustom
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 Opium
                 ,
                 that
                 at
                 last
                 it
                 is
                 scarce
                 able
                 to
                 make
                 them
                 sleep
                 ,
                 except
                 when
                 they
                 take
                 three
                 or
                 four
                 times
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 is
                 commonly
                 given
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 some
                 men
                 in
                 France
                 ,
                 who
                 can
                 venture
                 to
                 take
                 to
                 a
                 drachm
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 quantity
                 does
                 no
                 more
                 in
                 them
                 than
                 two
                 grains
                 in
                 another
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 well
                 known
                 that
                 the
                 Turks
                 will
                 take
                 of
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 bigness
                 of
                 a
                 hazle
                 nut
                 ,
                 to
                 fortifie
                 themselves
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 going
                 to
                 fight
                 .
                 The
                 reason
                 that
                 they
                 can
                 do
                 so
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 Opium
                 passing
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 times
                 into
                 the
                 small
                 vessels
                 of
                 the
                 Brain
                 ,
                 hath
                 in
                 great
                 measure
                 dilated
                 them
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 finding
                 the
                 passages
                 very
                 large
                 ,
                 it
                 makes
                 little
                 or
                 no
                 stop
                 ,
                 unless
                 taken
                 in
                 a
                 greater
                 quantity
                 than
                 before
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Turks
                 do
                 not
                 only
                 accustom
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 taking
                 of
                 Opium
                 by
                 little
                 and
                 little
                 ,
                 but
                 being
                 of
                 a
                 hotter
                 Temperament
                 than
                 we
                 ,
                 they
                 supply
                 more
                 Spirits
                 to
                 the
                 Brain
                 for
                 rarefaction
                 of
                 the
                 humors
                 ,
                 which
                 Opium
                 might
                 there
                 have
                 condensed
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 the
                 Turks
                 do
                 find
                 themselves
                 fortified
                 so
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 have
                 taken
                 Opium
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 these
                 volatile
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 which
                 work
                 in
                 them
                 much
                 
                 the
                 same
                 effect
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Spirits
                 of
                 Wine
                 use
                 to
                 do
                 with
                 us
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 have
                 writ
                 in
                 opposition
                 to
                 what
                 I
                 have
                 establish'd
                 on
                 this
                 subject
                 ,
                 and
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 we
                 have
                 regard
                 to
                 the
                 quantity
                 of
                 Narcotick
                 vapours
                 that
                 may
                 arise
                 from
                 a
                 small
                 dose
                 of
                 Opium
                 ,
                 it
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 imagined
                 that
                 those
                 vapours
                 should
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 shut
                 the
                 channels
                 of
                 the
                 Spirits
                 and
                 humors
                 which
                 make
                 a
                 defluxion
                 upon
                 some
                 part
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 we
                 should
                 rather
                 conclude
                 the
                 mitigation
                 of
                 pains
                 ,
                 and
                 stopping
                 of
                 defluxions
                 to
                 proceed
                 from
                 a
                 just
                 proportion
                 of
                 the
                 salt
                 and
                 sulphur
                 of
                 Opium
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 the
                 secret
                 ferment
                 they
                 contain
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 this
                 Objection
                 will
                 give
                 us
                 little
                 trouble
                 to
                 answer
                 ,
                 when
                 we
                 consider
                 that
                 although
                 the
                 vapours
                 caused
                 by
                 it
                 are
                 but
                 few
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 vessels
                 of
                 the
                 Brain
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 Animal
                 Spirits
                 do
                 move
                 ,
                 are
                 exceeding
                 delicate
                 ,
                 and
                 easie
                 to
                 be
                 obstructed
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 too
                 great
                 activity
                 of
                 the
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 which
                 often
                 fly
                 into
                 the
                 diseased
                 parts
                 ,
                 being
                 thus
                 abated
                 by
                 the
                 viscous
                 nature
                 of
                 Opium
                 ,
                 there
                 must
                 needs
                 follow
                 thereupon
                 some
                 ease
                 and
                 comfort
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 need
                 at
                 all
                 of
                 admitting
                 a
                 stoppage
                 of
                 the
                 vessels
                 which
                 contain
                 the
                 humors
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 proportion
                 of
                 salt
                 ,
                 and
                 sulphur
                 in
                 Opium
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 secret
                 Ferment
                 they
                 pretend
                 to
                 acquaint
                 us
                 with
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 explicate
                 this
                 matter
                 ,
                 I
                 know
                 they
                 are
                 high
                 terms
                 indeed
                 ,
                 but
                 illustrate
                 the
                 matter
                 very
                 little
                 ,
                 for
                 though
                 they
                 say
                 these
                 salts
                 and
                 sulphurs
                 do
                 unite
                 with
                 Homogeneous
                 particles
                 that
                 they
                 meet
                 with
                 ,
                 and
                 destroy
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 the
                 cause
                 of
                 the
                 distemper
                 ,
                 yet
                 we
                 can
                 never
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 obtain
                 any
                 clear
                 Idea
                 of
                 that
                 which
                 makes
                 Opium
                 to
                 be
                 soporiferous
                 .
              
               
               
                 Besides
                 the
                 virtue
                 which
                 Opium
                 has
                 to
                 cause
                 sleep
                 ,
                 I
                 have
                 observed
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 often
                 Sudorifick
                 .
                 I
                 conceive
                 this
                 effect
                 must
                 not
                 be
                 attributed
                 only
                 to
                 the
                 volatile
                 parts
                 of
                 this
                 mixt
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 thought
                 to
                 operate
                 this
                 way
                 ,
                 after
                 they
                 are
                 disingaged
                 from
                 its
                 viscosity
                 ,
                 but
                 rather
                 to
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 during
                 sleep
                 ,
                 the
                 inward
                 vessels
                 being
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 obstructed
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 some
                 manner
                 coagulated
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Spirits
                 finding
                 resistance
                 in
                 their
                 passage
                 ,
                 do
                 reflect
                 ,
                 or
                 bend
                 their
                 motion
                 to
                 the
                 outward
                 parts
                 ,
                 and
                 draw
                 along
                 with
                 them
                 some
                 moisture
                 through
                 the
                 pores
                 .
                 That
                 which
                 confirms
                 me
                 in
                 this
                 opinion
                 is
                 the
                 consideration
                 ,
                 that
                 divers
                 persons
                 do
                 use
                 always
                 to
                 sweat
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 asleep
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 have
                 not
                 taken
                 any
                 Opium
                 at
                 all
                 .
                 Now
                 it
                 may
                 happen
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 operation
                 of
                 Opium
                 ,
                 the
                 Spirits
                 finding
                 more
                 resistance
                 within
                 than
                 they
                 are
                 wont
                 ,
                 may
                 tend
                 outwards
                 with
                 the
                 more
                 force
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 incline
                 to
                 sweat
                 more
                 than
                 in
                 natural
                 sleep
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 prejudiced
                 Chymist
                 may
                 not
                 relish
                 perhaps
                 this
                 my
                 explication
                 ,
                 because
                 I
                 do
                 not
                 season
                 it
                 with
                 salt
                 enough
                 ,
                 and
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 principles
                 ;
                 but
                 although
                 the
                 five
                 principles
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 drawn
                 from
                 Vegetables
                 may
                 also
                 be
                 drawn
                 from
                 Opium
                 ,
                 I
                 never
                 use
                 them
                 but
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 necessary
                 to
                 explicate
                 some
                 effect
                 ;
                 for
                 whensoever
                 I
                 find
                 they
                 cannot
                 satisfie
                 my
                 reason
                 ,
                 nothing
                 shall
                 hinder
                 me
                 from
                 pursuing
                 my
                 thoughts
                 farther
                 ,
                 and
                 searching
                 otherwhere
                 for
                 some
                 better
                 explication
                 .
                 In
                 fine
                 the
                 Beauty
                 of
                 Chymistry
                 does
                 not
                 consist
                 in
                 suiting
                 our
                 opinions
                 to
                 those
                 of
                 ordinary
                 Chymists
                 ,
                 who
                 resolving
                 to
                 explicate
                 all
                 the
                 Events
                 of
                 nature
                 by
                 their
                 Principles
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 manage
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 fashion
                 ,
                 do
                 
                 reject
                 as
                 ridiculous
                 whatsoever
                 does
                 not
                 agree
                 with
                 their
                 Sentiments
                 ;
                 but
                 it
                 rather
                 consists
                 in
                 examining
                 and
                 imitating
                 what
                 is
                 done
                 Naturally
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 searching
                 for
                 reasons
                 that
                 are
                 most
                 probable
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 said
                 to
                 come
                 nearest
                 to
                 truth
                 ,
                 though
                 a
                 man
                 be
                 fain
                 to
                 forsake
                 the
                 way
                 that
                 others
                 have
                 trod
                 in
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             XVI
             .
             
               Of
               Aloes
            
             .
          
           
             ALoes
             is
             the
             thickned
             Juice
             of
             a
             Plant
             bearing
             the
             same
             name
             ,
             it
             grows
             in
             many
             Countries
             ,
             especially
             in
             Egypt
             ,
             whence
             it
             is
             brought
             to
             us
             ;
             the
             best
             is
             that
             which
             is
             called
             Hepatick
             ,
             and
             Succotrine
             ,
             because
             it
             bears
             the
             colour
             of
             a
             Liver
             ,
             and
             a
             great
             deal
             of
             it
             is
             brought
             from
             an
             Island
             of
             Persia
             ,
             called
             Soccotra
             ;
             the
             Hepatick
             is
             drawn
             by
             Incisions
             made
             on
             the
             Plant
             ;
             it
             is
             friable
             ,
             of
             an
             offensive
             smell
             ,
             and
             very
             bitter
             taste
             .
          
           
             There
             is
             another
             sort
             of
             Aloes
             ,
             which
             doth
             not
             differ
             from
             the
             former
             ,
             but
             only
             in
             that
             being
             drawn
             by
             expression
             ,
             many
             Impurities
             are
             mixed
             with
             it
             ,
             it
             is
             compact
             ,
             heavy
             ,
             and
             smells
             not
             so
             strong
             as
             the
             other
             .
             It
             is
             called
             
               Aloes
               Caballina
            
             ,
             because
             Farriers
             do
             use
             it
             most
             for
             their
             horses
             .
          
           
             Aloes
             is
             not
             only
             used
             inwardly
             ,
             as
             I
             shall
             shew
             ,
             speaking
             of
             its
             Extract
             ,
             but
             it
             is
             also
             used
             outwardly
             
             in
             many
             Unguents
             and
             Plaisters
             that
             are
             detersive
             ,
             and
             discutient
             .
          
           
             It
             s
             Tincture
             is
             also
             drawn
             with
             Spirit
             of
             Wine
             ,
             by
             the
             same
             method
             as
             I
             shall
             describe
             that
             of
             Myrrhe
             ;
             it
             is
             discutient
             ,
             detersive
             ,
             good
             against
             Gangrenes
             ,
             and
             to
             Incarnate
             :
             it
             is
             used
             in
             Injections
             to
             dissolve
             gypsous
             humors
             ,
             and
             to
             cleanse
             wounds
             ,
             and
             old
             ulcers
             .
          
           
             
               Extract
               of
               Aloes
               .
            
             
               This
               Operation
               is
               an
               Aloes
               depurated
               from
               some
               feculencies
               which
               it
               contained
               .
            
             
               Dissolve
               eight
               ounces
               of
               
                 Aloes
                 Succotrina
              
               in
               a
               sufficient
               quantity
               of
               
                 Juice
                 of
                 Roses
              
               ,
               or
               a
               strong
               decoction
               of
               
                 Violet
                 Flowers
              
               ;
               let
               the
               dissolution
               settle
               five
               or
               six
               hours
               ,
               then
               decant
               it
               ,
               and
               when
               you
               have
               filtred
               it
               ,
               evaporate
               the
               liquor
               gently
               ,
               until
               the
               matter
               remains
               in
               the
               consistence
               of
               an
               Extract
               ,
               keep
               it
               in
               a
               pot
               .
            
             
               'T
               is
               a
               good
               Remedy
               to
               purge
               the
               stomach
               ,
               fortifying
               it
               withal
               ,
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               fifteen
               grains
               to
               a
               drachm
               in
               Pills
               ;
               it
               is
               likewise
               good
               to
               bring
               down
               the
               menstrua
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Preparation
                 is
                 nothing
                 but
                 a
                 Purification
                 of
                 Aloes
                 into
                 an
                 Hepatick
                 liquor
                 .
                 Pills
                 are
                 made
                 of
                 this
                 Extract
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 called
                 
                   Pills
                   of
                   Frankfort
                
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 do
                 add
                 to
                 them
                 Mastich
                 ,
                 Rhubarb
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Stomachick
                 Ingredients
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 Basis
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Angelical
                   Pills
                
                 .
              
               
               
                 
                   Aloetick
                   Pills
                
                 may
                 be
                 taken
                 at
                 meat
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 little
                 before
                 meals
                 ,
                 they
                 seldom
                 purge
                 till
                 the
                 next
                 day
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 they
                 have
                 been
                 called
                 
                   Pilulae
                   ante
                   cibum
                
                 .
                 They
                 bring
                 the
                 Hemorrhoids
                 ,
                 and
                 Terms
                 ,
                 in
                 that
                 Aloes
                 do
                 rarefie
                 the
                 bloud
                 by
                 its
                 Fermentative
                 Salt
                 ,
                 and
                 stimulates
                 it
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 veins
                 with
                 great
                 force
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Extract
                 of
                 Aloes
                 taken
                 alone
                 is
                 pungent
                 upon
                 the
                 stomach
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 given
                 immediately
                 before
                 meat
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 aliments
                 by
                 their
                 viscous
                 quality
                 may
                 dull
                 the
                 keen
                 operation
                 of
                 this
                 remedy
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 may
                 serve
                 as
                 a
                 Corrective
                 to
                 it
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             XVII
             .
             
               Elixir
               Proprietatis
            
             .
          
           
             THIS
             Operation
             is
             a
             Tincture
             of
             
               Myrrhe
               ,
               Aloes
            
             ,
             and
             Saffron
             ,
             drawn
             in
             the
             Spirits
             of
             wine
             and
             Sulphur
             .
          
           
             Powder
             grosly
             ,
             and
             mix
             together
             two
             ounces
             of
             good
             Myrrhe
             ,
             the
             same
             of
             
               Aloes
               Succotrina
            
             and
             one
             ounce
             of
             good
             Saffron
             ;
             put
             this
             mixture
             into
             a
             Bolt-head
             ,
             and
             pour
             upon
             it
             Spirit
             of
             wine
             a
             fingers
             heighth
             above
             it
             ;
             stop
             well
             the
             bolt-head
             ,
             and
             let
             them
             digest
             two
             days
             ,
             then
             open
             it
             ,
             and
             add
             to
             it
             Spirit
             of
             sulphur
             ,
             until
             the
             liquor
             is
             four
             fingers
             above
             the
             matter
             ;
             shake
             it
             all
             well
             together
             ,
             and
             having
             fitted
             another
             bolt-head
             to
             the
             former
             in
             order
             to
             make
             a
             Circulating
             vessel
             ,
             set
             it
             in
             digestion
             
             in
             horse
             dung
             ,
             or
             such
             like
             heat
             the
             space
             of
             four
             days
             .
             Then
             decant
             the
             liquor
             ,
             and
             strain
             it
             ,
             keep
             it
             in
             a
             bottle
             well
             stopt
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             a
             very
             good
             remedy
             to
             fortifie
             the
             heart
             ,
             it
             purifies
             the
             bloud
             ,
             and
             works
             by
             sweat
             ,
             it
             is
             likewise
             good
             to
             help
             digestion
             ,
             to
             bring
             down
             the
             menses
             ,
             and
             in
             hysterical
             vapours
             ;
             the
             dose
             is
             from
             seven
             to
             twelve
             drops
             in
             some
             proper
             liquor
             .
          
           
             
               Remarks
               .
            
             
               The
               name
               Elixir
               has
               been
               given
               to
               many
               Infusions
               ,
               or
               Tinctures
               of
               spirituous
               bodies
               prepared
               in
               spirituous
               menstruum's
               .
               They
               would
               express
               by
               this
               word
               a
               very
               pretious
               liquor
               ,
               or
               a
               
                 Quintessence
                 .
                 Paracelsus
              
               was
               the
               first
               who
               described
               this
               preparation
               .
               Many
               others
               since
               him
               have
               changed
               some
               circumstances
               relating
               to
               it
               ,
               but
               all
               have
               tended
               to
               the
               same
               end
               ,
               which
               is
               to
               draw
               forth
               the
               Tincture
               of
               those
               three
               ingredients
               .
            
             
               I
               have
               used
               but
               one
               ounce
               of
               Saffron
               ,
               because
               this
               little
               flower
               is
               very
               light
               ,
               and
               takes
               up
               a
               great
               deal
               of
               room
               .
               Though
               we
               should
               use
               more
               of
               it
               ,
               the
               menstruum
               would
               receive
               no
               more
               than
               it
               does
               ,
               for
               there
               is
               as
               much
               in
               that
               quantity
               as
               is
               sufficient
               to
               fill
               the
               pores
               of
               the
               menstruum
               .
            
             
               I
               do
               leave
               the
               ingredients
               to
               infuse
               two
               days
               in
               Spirit
               of
               wine
               all
               alone
               ,
               that
               only
               their
               more
               sulphureous
               part
               may
               be
               drawn
               by
               this
               Spirit
               .
               The
               acid
               Spirit
               which
               is
               mixed
               afterwards
               ,
               being
               sweetned
               by
               the
               ramous
               parts
               of
               the
               Spirit
               of
               wine
               has
               only
               force
               remaining
               to
               load
               itself
               with
               the
               Tincture
               .
               This
               mixture
               of
               Spirit
               of
               wine
               ,
               and
               Spirit
               
               of
               sulphur
               do
               give
               the
               Tincture
               a
               very
               pleasant
               smell
               ,
               and
               they
               have
               some
               cordial
               quality
               besides
               .
               Wherefore
               I
               would
               not
               advise
               the
               changing
               this
               menstruum
               ,
               as
               some
               do
               ,
               by
               substituting
               in
               their
               place
               Spirit
               of
               Harts-horn
               .
            
             
               If
               you
               would
               ,
               you
               might
               draw
               more
               Tincture
               from
               that
               which
               remains
               in
               the
               bolt-head
               ,
               but
               it
               will
               not
               be
               so
               strong
               nor
               so
               good
               as
               the
               first
               ,
               because
               it
               has
               already
               parted
               with
               its
               more
               volatile
               parts
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             XVIII
             .
             
               Of
               Tabaco
            
             .
          
           
             TAbaco
             called
             Nicotiana
             ,
             or
             Petum
             ,
             is
             a
             Plant
             with
             broad
             Leaves
             ,
             that
             grows
             abundantly
             in
             many
             places
             of
             America
             ,
             as
             Brazile
             ,
             and
             Peru
             ,
             but
             the
             best
             that
             is
             brought
             into
             France
             is
             from
             Florida
             ,
             it
             hath
             been
             transplanted
             among
             us
             ,
             but
             our
             Countrey
             not
             being
             hot
             enough
             ,
             that
             which
             grows
             here
             ,
             is
             not
             so
             strong
             as
             the
             Tabaco
             that
             is
             brought
             out
             of
             America
             .
          
           
             Tabaco
             ,
             either
             chewed
             or
             smoked
             now
             and
             then
             ,
             makes
             a
             great
             discharge
             of
             humors
             from
             the
             Head
             ;
             but
             if
             it
             be
             used
             too
             immoderately
             ,
             it
             is
             apt
             to
             cause
             several
             Diseases
             ,
             such
             as
             the
             Palsie
             ,
             and
             Apoplexy
             .
             It
             is
             beaten
             ,
             and
             applied
             to
             tumors
             to
             discuss
             them
             ,
             it
             being
             full
             of
             Spirits
             which
             do
             
             rarifie
             them
             and
             open
             the
             pores
             .
             It
             is
             likewise
             infused
             in
             common
             water
             ,
             and
             Tettars
             and
             other
             Itchings
             of
             the
             Skin
             are
             washed
             with
             this
             Infusion
             ,
             but
             you
             must
             have
             a
             care
             that
             the
             water
             be
             not
             too
             much
             charged
             with
             it
             ,
             for
             fear
             of
             giving
             a
             vomit
             .
          
           
             Tabaco
             kills
             Serpents
             ,
             Vipers
             ,
             Lizards
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             Animals
             ,
             if
             you
             open
             a
             hole
             in
             their
             flesh
             ,
             and
             thrust
             a
             little
             bit
             into
             it
             ,
             or
             if
             you
             should
             smoke
             them
             with
             it
             .
          
           
             
               Distillation
               of
               Tabaco
               .
            
             
               Put
               into
               a
               Glass-Cucurbite
               eight
               ounces
               of
               good
               Tabaco
               cut
               small
               ;
               pour
               upon
               it
               about
               an
               equal
               weight
               of
               
                 Phlegm
                 of
                 Vitriol
              
               ,
               cover
               the
               Cucurbite
               with
               its
               head
               ,
               and
               digest
               the
               matter
               in
               sand
               for
               a
               day
               ,
               fit
               to
               it
               a
               Receiver
               ,
               and
               distil
               about
               five
               ounces
               of
               liquor
               in
               a
               small
               fire
               ,
               keep
               it
               in
               a
               viol
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               a
               powerful
               vomit
               ,
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               two
               drachms
               to
               six
               in
               some
               proper
               liquor
               ,
               it
               is
               likewise
               good
               for
               Tettars
               ,
               and
               the
               Itch
               ,
               being
               rubbed
               lightly
               with
               it
               .
            
             
               Put
               that
               which
               remains
               in
               the
               Cucurbite
               into
               an
               earthen
               Retort
               ,
               or
               Glass
               one
               luted
               ,
               place
               it
               in
               a
               Furnace
               ,
               and
               fit
               to
               it
               a
               great
               Receiver
               ,
               and
               luting
               close
               the
               joints
               ,
               begin
               with
               a
               small
               fire
               to
               raise
               all
               the
               phlegm
               ;
               augment
               it
               by
               little
               and
               little
               ,
               and
               the
               Spirits
               will
               come
               forth
               confusedly
               with
               a
               black
               Oil
               ;
               continue
               the
               fire
               until
               there
               comes
               no
               more
               ,
               then
               let
               the
               vessels
               cool
               ,
               and
               unlute
               them
               ;
               pour
               that
               which
               you
               find
               in
               the
               Receiver
               into
               a
               Tunnel
               lined
               with
               brown
               paper
               ,
               the
               watry
               part
               will
               pass
               through
               ,
               while
               the
               black
               and
               fetid
               Oil
               remains
               in
               
               the
               filter
               ,
               keep
               it
               in
               a
               viol
               :
               a
               drachm
               of
               it
               may
               be
               mixed
               with
               two
               ounces
               of
               Hogs-grease
               ,
               it
               is
               a
               good
               Remedy
               for
               the
               itch
               ,
               and
               for
               Tettars
               .
            
             
               An
               Alkali
               salt
               may
               be
               drawn
               from
               the
               Coals
               that
               remain
               in
               the
               Retort
               ,
               after
               the
               same
               manner
               as
               the
               Salt
               of
               Guaiacum
               .
               This
               salt
               is
               a
               Sudorifick
               ,
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               four
               grains
               to
               ten
               in
               some
               convenient
               liquor
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 Tabaco
                 is
                 full
                 of
                 such
                 piercing
                 sulphurs
                 and
                 volatile
                 salts
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 soon
                 as
                 ever
                 it
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 stomach
                 ,
                 it
                 falls
                 a
                 pricking
                 the
                 Fibers
                 ,
                 and
                 moving
                 to
                 vomit
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 
                   Oil
                   of
                   Tabaco
                
                 is
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 vomit
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 one
                 should
                 but
                 hold
                 ones
                 Nose
                 a
                 little
                 over
                 the
                 Viol
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 it
                 is
                 kept
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 make
                 one
                 vomit
                 .
              
               
                 One
                 day
                 I
                 made
                 a
                 small
                 Incision
                 in
                 the
                 skin
                 of
                 a
                 dog's
                 thigh
                 ,
                 and
                 thrusting
                 in
                 a
                 little
                 tent
                 dipt
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Oil
                   of
                   Tabaco
                
                 ,
                 the
                 dog
                 immediately
                 purged
                 both
                 upwards
                 and
                 downwards
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 violence
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 
                   fixt
                   salt
                
                 of
                 Tabaco
                 may
                 be
                 made
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 said
                 ,
                 but
                 if
                 you
                 would
                 have
                 any
                 quantity
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 join
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 other
                 Tabaco
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 for
                 receiving
                 so
                 little
                 matter
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Retort
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 hard
                 to
                 get
                 a
                 drachm
                 of
                 Salt.
                 
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             XIX
             .
             
               Extractum
               Panchymagogum
            
             .
          
           
             THIS
             Extract
             is
             a
             farrago
             of
             the
             purer
             substances
             of
             divers
             purgative
             and
             cordial
             medicines
             .
          
           
             Take
             an
             ounce
             and
             a
             half
             of
             the
             Pulp
             of
             Coloquintida
             ,
             one
             ounce
             of
             the
             
               Pulvis
               Diarrhodon
               Abbatis
            
             ,
             so
             much
             good
             Agarick
             ,
             and
             two
             ounces
             of
             
               black
               Hellebore
            
             ,
             powder
             them
             all
             grosly
             ,
             and
             put
             them
             into
             a
             matrass
             :
             pour
             upon
             it
             rain-water
             distilled
             ,
             four
             fingers
             above
             the
             mixture
             .
             Stop
             the
             matrass
             close
             ,
             and
             set
             it
             in
             digestion
             in
             hot
             sand
             ,
             or
             in
             horse
             dung
             ,
             three
             or
             four
             days
             ,
             and
             shake
             the
             vessel
             ever
             now
             and
             then
             .
             After
             this
             pass
             your
             infusion
             through
             a
             cloth
             :
             pour
             upon
             the
             residence
             a
             like
             quantity
             of
             the
             same
             liquor
             ;
             let
             it
             infuse
             as
             before
             ,
             then
             strain
             and
             express
             it
             strongly
             ;
             mix
             your
             infusions
             ,
             and
             let
             them
             settle
             ,
             until
             they
             become
             clear
             ,
             decant
             them
             ,
             and
             evaporate
             the
             liquor
             in
             an
             earthen
             pan
             in
             a
             sand-heat
             with
             a
             little
             fire
             ,
             to
             the
             consistence
             of
             a
             Syrop
             :
             then
             mix
             with
             them
             half
             an
             ounce
             of
             Rosine
             of
             Scammony
             ,
             and
             two
             ounces
             of
             Extract
             of
             Aloes
             ,
             evaporate
             the
             whole
             to
             the
             consistence
             of
             an
             Extract
             .
          
           
             It
             purges
             all
             the
             humors
             well
             ,
             the
             dose
             is
             from
             one
             scruple
             to
             two
             in
             Pills
             .
          
           
             
             
               Remarks
               .
            
             
               The
               flesh
               or
               pulp
               of
               Coloquintida
               is
               nothing
               but
               the
               apple
               it self
               cleansed
               from
               its
               Seeds
               .
               It
               purges
               the
               Brain
               ,
               the
               best
               is
               that
               which
               is
               whitest
               and
               lightest
               .
            
             
               The
               powder
               
                 Diarrhodon
                 Abbatis
              
               is
               Cordial
               ,
               and
               resists
               the
               malignity
               of
               humors
               ,
               it
               takes
               its
               name
               from
               the
               Rose
               ,
               which
               is
               its
               Basis
               .
            
             
               The
               Agarick
               is
               a
               Rosinous
               Mushrom
               ,
               that
               grows
               on
               the
               Larix
               ,
               the
               best
               is
               the
               whiter
               ,
               lighter
               ,
               and
               most
               friable
               ;
               it
               is
               used
               for
               to
               purge
               the
               brain
               .
            
             
               The
               root
               of
               
                 black
                 Hellebore
              
               is
               a
               very
               strong
               purger
               of
               Melancholy
               ,
               wherefore
               it
               is
               given
               to
               Hypochondriacal
               persons
               ,
               and
               even
               to
               the
               Maniacal
               ;
               it
               gives
               a
               vomit
               ,
               when
               taken
               alone
               ,
               but
               with
               this
               mixture
               it
               fixes
               downwards
               ;
               the
               white
               is
               a
               poison
               ,
               taken
               inwardly
               ;
               it
               is
               never
               used
               but
               for
               sneezing
               powders
               .
            
             
               Scammony
               is
               a
               very
               Purgative
               resinous
               juyce
               ,
               the
               best
               is
               most
               friable
               ,
               and
               which
               being
               powdered
               hath
               a
               grey
               colour
               drawing
               towards
               white
               :
               its
               Rosine
               is
               drawn
               from
               it
               as
               that
               of
               Jalap
               .
            
             
               Aloes
               is
               said
               to
               purge
               Choler
               ,
               I
               have
               spoken
               of
               its
               virtues
               sufficiently
               already
               ,
               when
               I
               described
               its
               Extract
               .
            
             
               Spirit
               of
               Wine
               is
               commonly
               used
               to
               make
               this
               Extract
               ,
               and
               it
               may
               seem
               to
               be
               so
               much
               the
               purer
               ,
               being
               drawn
               by
               this
               dissolvent
               ,
               rather
               than
               by
               a
               watry
               Menstruum
               ;
               for
               spirit
               of
               wine
               dissolves
               only
               the
               more
               Balsamick
               and
               purer
               part
               of
               mixt
               bodies
               :
               but
               nevertheless
               I
               chuse
               rather
               to
               prefer
               the
               
               use
               of
               Dew
               ,
               or
               else
               Rain-water
               ,
               nay
               and
               even
               common
               water
               before
               Spirit
               of
               wine
               for
               several
               reasons
               .
            
             
               First
               ,
               because
               in
               the
               evaporation
               of
               the
               liquidity
               of
               the
               Extract
               ,
               drawn
               by
               Spirit
               of
               wine
               ,
               a
               great
               many
               of
               the
               more
               subtile
               parts
               are
               lost
               ,
               which
               this
               dissolvent
               had
               volatilized
               .
               And
               indeed
               it
               cannot
               be
               denied
               ,
               but
               some
               useful
               parts
               will
               evaporate
               ,
               let
               us
               use
               what
               dissolvent
               we
               please
               ;
               but
               it
               is
               plain
               there
               is
               no
               such
               great
               loss
               ,
               when
               watry
               menstruums
               are
               used
               ,
               as
               when
               Spirit
               of
               wine
               .
               Now
               we
               should
               always
               prefer
               such
               menstruums
               ,
               as
               are
               best
               able
               to
               preserve
               the
               virtue
               of
               the
               mixt
               ,
               whose
               Extract
               we
               intend
               to
               draw
               .
            
             
               The
               second
               is
               ,
               because
               Spirit
               of
               wine
               does
               always
               leave
               some
               impression
               of
               heat
               and
               acrimony
               in
               the
               Extracts
               it
               draws
               ,
               which
               the
               liquors
               that
               I
               use
               do
               not
               do
               .
            
             
               The
               third
               is
               ,
               because
               Spirit
               of
               wine
               is
               not
               so
               convenient
               a
               menstruum
               to
               dissolve
               the
               salts
               which
               the
               Ingredients
               we
               use
               are
               full
               of
               ,
               and
               it
               is
               in
               this
               salt
               ,
               that
               their
               greatest
               virtue
               does
               consist
               .
            
             
               Wherefore
               we
               ought
               to
               chuse
               such
               dissolvents
               ,
               as
               can
               best
               preserve
               the
               virtue
               of
               mixt
               bodies
               ,
               and
               such
               as
               are
               familiar
               to
               our
               nature
               .
               We
               must
               use
               Spirit
               of
               wine
               to
               extract
               Rosines
               ,
               such
               as
               that
               of
               
                 Scammony
                 ,
                 Jalap
                 ,
                 Turbith
              
               ;
               but
               whenever
               an
               Extract
               can
               be
               drawn
               with
               a
               watry
               menstruum
               ,
               it
               is
               better
               to
               use
               that
               ,
               rather
               than
               another
               ,
               for
               the
               reasons
               I
               have
               mentioned
               .
            
             
               Purgative
               medecins
               have
               been
               divided
               into
               
                 Melanagogues
                 ,
                 Phlegmagogues
              
               ,
               and
               Cholagogues
               .
               By
               Melanagogues
               are
               understood
               those
               that
               chiefly
               purge
               Melancholy
               ,
               by
               Phlegmagogues
               such
               as
               purge
               
               Phlegm
               ,
               and
               by
               Cholagogues
               those
               that
               evacuate
               Choler
               ;
               so
               then
               by
               mixing
               these
               three
               sorts
               of
               Remedies
               ,
               a
               composition
               is
               made
               that
               is
               called
               Panchymagogue
               ,
               that
               is
               to
               say
               ,
               purging
               all
               the
               humors
               ,
               as
               doth
               the
               Extract
               I
               have
               described
               .
            
             
               Now
               to
               explicate
               the
               action
               of
               Purgative
               Remedies
               upon
               all
               the
               several
               humors
               ,
               you
               must
               consider
               in
               the
               first
               place
               ,
               that
               Melancholy
               is
               a
               very
               Tartareous
               humor
               ,
               and
               full
               of
               fixt
               salts
               ;
               that
               Phlegm
               is
               very
               viscous
               ,
               and
               descending
               from
               the
               brain
               sticks
               like
               Glue
               to
               the
               internal
               Membrane
               of
               the
               Viscera
               ,
               and
               that
               Choler
               is
               very
               thin
               and
               easie
               to
               rarifie
               .
            
             
               The
               Remedies
               which
               are
               called
               Melanagogue
               ,
               such
               as
               
                 Scammony
                 ,
                 Senna
                 ,
                 &c.
              
               are
               full
               of
               Lixivious
               Salts
               ,
               which
               are
               very
               good
               dissolvents
               of
               the
               Melancholick
               humor
               contained
               in
               the
               lower
               parts
               ,
               in
               that
               these
               sort
               of
               Remedies
               do
               always
               descend
               ,
               and
               being
               strong
               purgers
               ,
               do
               raise
               a
               Fermentation
               where-ever
               they
               come
               .
            
             
               Phlegmagogues
               ,
               such
               as
               
                 Agarick
                 ,
                 Coloquintida
                 ,
                 &c.
              
               do
               purge
               the
               Phlegm
               chiefly
               that
               is
               contained
               in
               the
               Brain
               ,
               because
               these
               Remedies
               are
               full
               of
               volatile
               parts
               which
               easily
               sublime
               thither
               by
               means
               of
               the
               Natural
               heat
               ,
               and
               rarifying
               this
               humor
               do
               make
               it
               come
               down
               by
               the
               ordinary
               ways
               of
               Purgation
               .
            
             
               Cholagognes
               ,
               such
               as
               
                 Cassia
                 ,
                 Rhubarb
                 ,
                 &c.
              
               which
               are
               mild
               Remedies
               ,
               and
               are
               not
               strong
               enough
               to
               excite
               so
               great
               a
               fermentation
               as
               the
               others
               ,
               do
               only
               purge
               Choler
               ,
               it
               being
               very
               soluble
               ,
               and
               easie
               to
               ferment
               ;
               but
               they
               are
               not
               able
               to
               reach
               Melancholy
               ,
               or
               Phlegm
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               their
               thickness
               ;
               wherefore
               there
               is
               no
               need
               of
               wondring
               ,
               why
               a
               greater
               evacuation
               of
               Choler
               than
               other
               humors
               is
               effected
               by
               these
               Remedies
               .
            
             
             
               It
               is
               further
               observable
               ,
               that
               the
               Remedies
               which
               purge
               Phlegm
               and
               Melancholy
               ,
               do
               remain
               ,
               or
               leave
               their
               impression
               in
               the
               body
               a
               longer
               time
               than
               those
               that
               purge
               Choler
               ,
               because
               they
               more
               abound
               in
               Spirits
               or
               Salts
               :
               Moreover
               it
               is
               not
               to
               be
               imagined
               ,
               that
               these
               Phlemagogues
               ,
               and
               Melanagogues
               do
               evacuate
               no
               Choler
               at
               all
               ,
               for
               they
               do
               force
               away
               all
               they
               can
               meet
               with
               ,
               but
               because
               it
               is
               then
               mixt
               with
               other
               humors
               ,
               it
               appears
               not
               so
               plainly
               as
               when
               it
               is
               wrought
               upon
               alone
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             XX.
             
               Of
               Turpentine
            
             .
          
           
             THere
             are
             two
             sorts
             of
             Trees
             that
             the
             Turpentine
             comes
             from
             ,
             by
             Incisions
             that
             are
             made
             into
             them
             ,
             to
             wit
             ,
             the
             
               Turpentine
               Tree
            
             ,
             and
             the
             Larix
             ,
             or
             Larch-tree
             ;
             there
             are
             a
             great
             many
             of
             both
             sorts
             in
             hot
             Countries
             ,
             such
             as
             
               Italy
               ,
               Provence
            
             ,
             and
             even
             in
             Dauphiné
             .
          
           
             Turpentine
             is
             properly
             a
             liquid
             Rosine
             in
             the
             consistence
             of
             a
             Balsom
             ;
             that
             which
             is
             brought
             out
             of
             the
             Isle
             of
             Chios
             is
             best
             esteemed
             ,
             and
             is
             also
             the
             dearest
             ;
             that
             which
             we
             commonly
             use
             ,
             and
             is
             called
             
               Venice
               Turpentine
            
             ,
             must
             be
             clear
             ,
             transparent
             ,
             fragrant
             ,
             and
             a
             little
             biting
             on
             the
             taste
             :
             it
             is
             used
             like
             a
             Balsom
             for
             Wounds
             ,
             it
             is
             very
             Diuretick
             ,
             taken
             inwardly
             ,
             and
             is
             therefore
             given
             in
             
             Gonorrheas
             ,
             in
             Bolus
             ,
             or
             else
             dissolved
             in
             some
             liquor
             by
             means
             of
             a
             little
             Yelk
             of
             an
             Egg
             ,
             it
             gives
             the
             Urine
             a
             smell
             much
             like
             Violets
             .
             It
             is
             often
             boiled
             in
             water
             ,
             and
             then
             becomes
             solid
             like
             Rosine
             ,
             and
             being
             so
             prepared
             is
             made
             up
             into
             Pills
             ,
             the
             Dose
             is
             from
             half
             a
             drachm
             to
             a
             drachm
             ;
             if
             you
             take
             too
             much
             of
             it
             ,
             it
             gives
             the
             Head-ach
             .
          
           
             If
             in
             curiosity
             you
             should
             boil
             a
             little
             Turpentine
             in
             water
             for
             a
             quarter
             of
             an
             hour
             ;
             and
             after
             you
             have
             removed
             it
             from
             the
             fire
             ,
             if
             you
             should
             pour
             cold
             water
             upon
             it
             ,
             you
             would
             see
             a
             little
             skin
             spread
             it self
             upon
             the
             water
             ,
             which
             has
             many
             curious
             marble
             colours
             .
             And
             if
             you
             gather
             this
             skin
             into
             a
             lump
             ,
             it
             will
             become
             a
             white
             Turpentine
             .
          
           
             
               Distillation
               of
               Turpentine
               .
            
             
               This
               Operation
               is
               a
               separation
               of
               the
               
                 Oil
                 of
                 Turpentine
              
               from
               its
               terrestrious
               part
               .
            
             
               Take
               three
               pounds
               of
               good
               Turpentine
               ,
               and
               pour
               it
               into
               a
               Retort
               large
               enough
               to
               remain
               half
               empty
               .
               Add
               to
               it
               a
               handful
               of
               Stupe
               ,
               to
               prevent
               the
               thicker
               parts
               of
               the
               Turpentine
               from
               rising
               when
               the
               liquor
               distils
               ;
               you
               must
               cleanse
               the
               inside
               of
               the
               neck
               of
               the
               Retort
               ,
               and
               place
               it
               in
               a
               Furnace
               to
               distil
               in
               an
               open
               fire
               ;
               fit
               to
               it
               a
               Receiver
               ,
               and
               luting
               the
               joints
               ,
               begin
               the
               Distillation
               with
               a
               very
               small
               fire
               only
               to
               warm
               the
               Retort
               ,
               and
               drive
               out
               a
               volatile
               spirit
               ,
               after
               which
               augment
               the
               fire
               by
               degrees
               ,
               there
               will
               come
               forth
               first
               a
               clear
               Oil
               ,
               then
               a
               yellow
               oil
               ,
               and
               at
               last
               a
               red
               oil
               ;
               take
               care
               to
               separate
               these
               liquors
               as
               they
               do
               distil
               ,
               and
               when
               
               you
               see
               the
               red
               oil
               begin
               to
               come
               thick
               ,
               take
               away
               the
               fire
               ,
               and
               when
               the
               vessels
               are
               cold
               ,
               unlute
               them
               .
               Keep
               all
               these
               liquors
               separately
               in
               Viols
               .
            
             
               The
               volatile
               Spirit
               is
               an
               excellent
               Aperitive
               ,
               it
               is
               given
               from
               four
               to
               twelve
               drops
               in
               some
               appropriate
               liquor
               ,
               to
               expel
               Gravel
               out
               of
               the
               Reins
               or
               Ureters
               ,
               in
               the
               Nephritick
               Colick
               ,
               or
               to
               dissolve
               Viscosities
               ,
               it
               is
               likewise
               used
               in
               Gonorrheas
               .
            
             
               The
               first
               Oil
               serves
               for
               the
               same
               uses
               as
               the
               Spirit
               ;
               the
               second
               and
               third
               do
               serve
               as
               a
               Balsom
               to
               consolidate
               wounds
               ,
               discuss
               tumors
               ,
               and
               to
               fortifie
               the
               Nerves
               .
            
             
               Break
               the
               Retort
               ,
               and
               you
               'l
               find
               in
               it
               a
               mass
               ,
               melt
               and
               strain
               it
               to
               separate
               the
               Stupe
               ;
               it
               is
               a
               good
               Colophone
               ,
               and
               is
               used
               in
               Plaisters
               to
               dry
               and
               to
               consolidate
               .
            
             
               After
               this
               manner
               may
               be
               distilled
               
                 Rosines
                 ,
                 Mastich
                 ,
                 Frankincense
                 ,
                 Tacamahaca
                 ,
                 Gum
                 Elemi
                 ,
                 Varnish
                 ,
                 Labdanum
                 ,
              
               and
               other
               Gums
               of
               this
               nature
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Turpentine
                
                 is
                 properly
                 an
                 Ethereal
                 oil
                 mixed
                 with
                 a
                 little
                 phlegm
                 ,
                 and
                 Acid
                 Essential
                 salt
                 ,
                 which
                 renders
                 it
                 Aperitive
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 this
                 Spirit
                 that
                 gives
                 the
                 Turpentine
                 its
                 smell
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 great
                 fire
                 is
                 requisite
                 for
                 to
                 draw
                 the
                 last
                 oil
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 becomes
                 red
                 ,
                 through
                 some
                 Fuliginosities
                 that
                 fall
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 before
                 it
                 comes
                 forth
                 of
                 the
                 Retort
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 should
                 continue
                 to
                 raise
                 the
                 fire
                 ,
                 until
                 there
                 comes
                 no
                 more
                 liquor
                 ,
                 you
                 'd
                 find
                 in
                 the
                 Retort
                 nothing
                 but
                 a
                 little
                 light
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 rarified
                 matter
                 that
                 is
                 good
                 for
                 nothing
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 
                   Oil
                   of
                   Turpentine
                
                 that
                 is
                 bought
                 at
                 the
                 Druggists
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 mixture
                 of
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 and
                 yellow
                 oil
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 
                   Oil
                   of
                   Turpentine
                
                 being
                 mixed
                 with
                 that
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 ,
                 there
                 grows
                 a
                 very
                 considerable
                 heat
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 the
                 
                   Oil
                   of
                   Vitriol
                
                 is
                 strong
                 ,
                 it
                 makes
                 an
                 ebullition
                 .
                 I
                 have
                 endeavoured
                 to
                 give
                 you
                 a
                 reason
                 for
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 Remarks
                 which
                 I
                 have
                 made
                 upon
                 Distillation
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             XXI
             .
             
               Of
               Benjamin
            
             .
          
           
             BEnjamin
             called
             by
             some
             
               Assa
               Dulcis
            
             ,
             is
             a
             Rosine
             that
             distils
             from
             a
             great
             Tree
             in
             Foreign
             Countries
             ,
             the
             name
             of
             it
             is
             unknown
             ,
             though
             many
             have
             thought
             fit
             to
             call
             it
             Laserpitium
             ;
             this
             Tree
             is
             very
             common
             in
             Samaria
             ,
             and
             in
             many
             other
             adjacent
             Countries
             .
          
           
             Benjamin
             is
             very
             much
             used
             by
             the
             Perfumers
             ,
             and
             it
             hath
             use
             also
             in
             Physick
             ,
             to
             resist
             the
             malignity
             of
             humors
             ,
             and
             to
             fortifie
             the
             Heart
             and
             Brain
             ;
             you
             must
             chuse
             it
             clean
             ,
             friable
             ,
             and
             full
             of
             white
             spots
             ,
             and
             that
             sort
             is
             called
             Amygdaloides
             .
          
           
             
             
               Flowers
               of
               Benjamin
               ,
               and
               its
               Oil.
               
            
             
               This
               is
               an
               exaltation
               of
               the
               volatile
               salts
               of
               Benjamin
               ,
               and
               a
               separation
               of
               its
               Oil
               ,
               by
               distillation
               .
            
             
               Take
               an
               earthen
               pot
               ,
               high
               and
               narrow
               ,
               with
               a
               little
               border
               round
               it
               ,
               put
               into
               it
               three
               or
               four
               ounces
               of
               clean
               Benjamin
               grosly
               powdered
               ;
               cover
               the
               pot
               with
               a
               Coffin
               of
               paper
               ,
               and
               tye
               it
               round
               about
               under
               the
               border
               ;
               set
               the
               pot
               into
               hot
               ashes
               ,
               and
               when
               the
               Benjamin
               is
               heated
               ,
               the
               Flowers
               will
               sublime
               ;
               take
               off
               the
               Coffin
               every
               two
               hours
               ,
               and
               fix
               another
               in
               its
               place
               ;
               stop
               up
               quickly
               in
               a
               glass
               the
               Flowers
               you
               find
               in
               the
               Coffins
               ,
               and
               when
               those
               which
               afterwards
               sublime
               do
               begin
               to
               appear
               Oily
               ,
               take
               the
               pot
               off
               the
               fire
               ;
               put
               that
               which
               remains
               into
               a
               little
               glass
               Retort
               ,
               and
               fitting
               a
               Receiver
               to
               it
               ,
               distil
               in
               a
               Sand-heat
               a
               thick
               and
               fragrant
               Oil
               until
               nothing
               more
               comes
               forth
               ,
               there
               will
               remain
               in
               the
               Retort
               nothing
               but
               a
               very
               spongy
               earth
               .
            
             
               The
               Flowers
               are
               good
               for
               Asthmatical
               persons
               ,
               and
               to
               fortifie
               the
               stomach
               ;
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               two
               grains
               to
               five
               in
               an
               Egg
               ,
               or
               in
               Lozenges
               .
               The
               Oil
               is
               a
               Balsom
               for
               wounds
               and
               ulcers
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 Benjamin
                 being
                 full
                 of
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 volatile
                 parts
                 ,
                 easily
                 sublimes
                 over
                 the
                 smallest
                 fire
                 ;
                 the
                 Flowers
                 do
                 rise
                 in
                 little
                 needles
                 that
                 are
                 very
                 white
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 you
                 give
                 never
                 so
                 little
                 fire
                 more
                 
                 than
                 should
                 be
                 ,
                 they
                 carry
                 along
                 with
                 them
                 a
                 small
                 quantity
                 of
                 Oil
                 ,
                 which
                 makes
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 yellow
                 and
                 impure
                 .
                 You
                 must
                 therefore
                 perform
                 the
                 Operation
                 in
                 hot
                 Ashes
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 Sand
                 ,
                 to
                 have
                 the
                 Flowers
                 fair
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 
                   Flowers
                   of
                   Benjamin
                
                 have
                 a
                 very
                 pleasant
                 acidity
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Tincture
               of
               Benjamin
               .
            
             
               Take
               three
               ounces
               of
               Benjamin
               ,
               and
               half
               an
               ounce
               of
               Storax
               ,
               powder
               them
               grosly
               ,
               and
               put
               them
               into
               a
               bottle
               ,
               or
               matrass
               half
               empty
               ,
               pour
               upon
               them
               a
               pint
               of
               Spirit
               of
               wine
               ,
               stop
               your
               vessel
               close
               ,
               and
               set
               it
               in
               warm
               horse-dung
               ,
               leave
               it
               in
               digestion
               for
               a
               Fortnight
               ,
               after
               which
               filtrate
               the
               liquor
               ,
               and
               keep
               it
               in
               a
               Viol
               well
               stopt
               :
               some
               do
               add
               to
               it
               five
               or
               six
               drops
               of
               Balsom
               of
               Peru
               ,
               to
               give
               it
               a
               better
               smell
               :
               it
               is
               good
               to
               take
               away
               spots
               in
               the
               face
               ,
               a
               drachm
               of
               it
               is
               put
               into
               four
               ounces
               of
               water
               ,
               and
               it
               whitens
               like
               milk
               ,
               this
               water
               serves
               for
               a
               wash
               ,
               and
               is
               called
               
                 Virgin
                 's
                 Milk.
              
               
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Tincture
                 is
                 a
                 dissolution
                 of
                 the
                 Rosine
                 of
                 Benjamin
                 made
                 in
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 .
                 When
                 it
                 is
                 mixed
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 water
                 ,
                 it
                 makes
                 a
                 Milk
                 ,
                 because
                 water
                 weakens
                 the
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 ,
                 and
                 makes
                 it
                 quit
                 what
                 it
                 held
                 up
                 dissolved
                 .
                 If
                 you
                 let
                 this
                 Milk
                 settle
                 ,
                 the
                 Rosine
                 precipi
                 〈…〉
                 
                 to
                 the
                 bottom
                 of
                 the
                 vessel
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 water
                 becomes
                 clear
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Storax
                 is
                 added
                 to
                 this
                 Tincture
                 ,
                 to
                 encrease
                 the
                 goodness
                 of
                 the
                 smell
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             XXII
             .
             
               Of
               Camphire
            
             .
          
           
             CAmphire
             is
             a
             Rosine
             that
             distils
             drop
             by
             drop
             from
             a
             great
             Tree
             that
             is
             much
             like
             to
             a
             Walnut-tree
             in
             the
             Island
             Borneo
             in
             Asia
             .
             Little
             Cakes
             of
             it
             are
             likewise
             brought
             out
             of
             China
             ,
             but
             that
             is
             not
             so
             good
             ;
             it
             must
             be
             chosen
             white
             ,
             transparent
             ,
             clean
             ,
             friable
             ,
             without
             spot
             ,
             and
             such
             as
             is
             hard
             to
             quench
             ,
             when
             once
             lighted
             .
          
           
             Camphire
             is
             compounded
             of
             a
             Sulphur
             and
             Salt
             so
             exceeding
             volatile
             ,
             that
             it
             is
             very
             hard
             to
             keep
             it
             any
             time
             ,
             and
             it
             always
             loses
             something
             ,
             let
             it
             be
             never
             so
             closely
             stopt
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             an
             excellent
             remedy
             for
             the
             Fits
             of
             the
             mother
             ,
             it
             is
             not
             only
             smelt
             to
             by
             women
             in
             this
             condition
             ,
             and
             used
             in
             their
             Clysters
             ,
             but
             also
             taken
             inwardly
             ;
             for
             it
             is
             lighted
             ,
             and
             then
             quenched
             five
             or
             six
             times
             in
             some
             water
             proper
             to
             the
             Distemper
             ,
             and
             so
             the
             water
             is
             given
             to
             drink
             ;
             it
             is
             likewise
             good
             for
             intermittent
             Feavers
             ,
             being
             hung
             about
             the
             neck
             ,
             because
             in
             its
             evaporating
             away
             ,
             it
             insensibly
             enters
             through
             the
             pores
             ,
             and
             
             causes
             a
             rarefaction
             ,
             and
             transpiration
             of
             the
             humor
             which
             caused
             the
             disease
             :
             and
             for
             the
             same
             reason
             it
             is
             that
             several
             Druggs
             applied
             to
             the
             Wrists
             and
             other
             places
             ,
             have
             often
             cured
             diseases
             :
             but
             you
             must
             observe
             that
             this
             sort
             of
             Remedies
             is
             always
             of
             a
             very
             Spirituous
             nature
             .
             Camphire
             is
             dissolved
             in
             
               Spirit
               of
               Wine
            
             ,
             and
             this
             dissolution
             is
             called
             
               Spirit
               of
               Wine
               Camphorized
            
             ,
             it
             is
             good
             in
             the
             Apoplexy
             ,
             and
             in
             Hysterical
             maladies
             ;
             it
             is
             also
             found
             to
             be
             of
             excellent
             use
             in
             the
             Tooth-ach
             ,
             a
             little
             Cotton
             is
             dipt
             into
             it
             ,
             and
             put
             into
             the
             aking
             Tooth
             .
          
           
             
               Oil
               of
               Camphire
               .
            
             
               This
               Operation
               is
               a
               Camphire
               impregnated
               with
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Niter
              
               ,
               which
               converts
               it
               into
               a
               liquor
               .
            
             
               Powder
               grosly
               three
               or
               four
               ounces
               of
               good
               Camphire
               ,
               put
               it
               into
               a
               matrass
               ,
               and
               pour
               upon
               it
               twice
               as
               much
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Niter
              
               ,
               stop
               your
               vessel
               close
               ,
               and
               set
               it
               over
               a
               pot
               half
               full
               of
               water
               a
               little
               heated
               ;
               stir
               it
               ever
               now
               and
               then
               ,
               to
               help
               forward
               the
               dissolution
               which
               will
               be
               finished
               in
               two
               or
               three
               hours
               ,
               and
               then
               you
               'l
               find
               the
               Camphire
               turned
               into
               a
               clear
               Oil
               which
               swims
               above
               the
               Spirit
               ,
               separate
               it
               and
               keep
               it
               in
               a
               Viol
               well
               stopt
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               used
               for
               the
               Caries
               of
               bones
               ,
               and
               to
               touch
               Nerves
               that
               are
               uncovered
               ,
               in
               wounds
               .
            
             
               
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Oil
                 is
                 nothing
                 but
                 a
                 dissolution
                 of
                 Camphire
                 in
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 you
                 pour
                 water
                 upon
                 it
                 to
                 destroy
                 the
                 force
                 of
                 the
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 it
                 returns
                 into
                 Camphire
                 as
                 before
                 .
              
               
                 Of
                 all
                 the
                 Rosines
                 this
                 is
                 the
                 only
                 one
                 that
                 can
                 dissolve
                 with
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 dissolution
                 is
                 made
                 without
                 Ebullition
                 ,
                 or
                 sensible
                 heat
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Camphire
                 consisting
                 of
                 thin
                 disunited
                 parts
                 ,
                 the
                 acids
                 do
                 enter
                 among
                 them
                 and
                 make
                 an
                 easie
                 separation
                 :
                 again
                 acids
                 mixing
                 with
                 sulphurs
                 do
                 never
                 raise
                 any
                 ebullition
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 find
                 those
                 bodies
                 too
                 pliant
                 and
                 yielding
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 sufficient
                 resistance
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 have
                 used
                 three
                 ounces
                 of
                 Camphire
                 in
                 this
                 operation
                 ,
                 you
                 will
                 obtain
                 four
                 ounces
                 of
                 Oil
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 will
                 have
                 lost
                 an
                 ounce
                 ;
                 this
                 last
                 will
                 likewise
                 have
                 lost
                 much
                 of
                 its
                 acrimony
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 have
                 censured
                 this
                 operation
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 ,
                 say
                 they
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 violent
                 impression
                 which
                 the
                 corrosive
                 Spirit
                 does
                 give
                 to
                 the
                 Camphire
                 in
                 its
                 dissolution
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 therefore
                 the
                 acrimony
                 of
                 the
                 medicine
                 renders
                 it
                 of
                 a
                 dangerous
                 use
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 seeing
                 this
                 Oil
                 is
                 not
                 wont
                 to
                 be
                 given
                 inwardly
                 ,
                 methinks
                 there
                 is
                 very
                 little
                 reason
                 for
                 this
                 scruple
                 :
                 there
                 are
                 medecins
                 which
                 are
                 much
                 more
                 acrimonious
                 than
                 this
                 ,
                 which
                 nevertheless
                 are
                 not
                 esteemed
                 dangerous
                 to
                 be
                 used
                 .
                 Again
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 occasion
                 for
                 this
                 acrimony
                 in
                 the
                 use
                 that
                 is
                 made
                 of
                 this
                 Oil
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 which
                 is
                 mixed
                 with
                 
                 it
                 does
                 very
                 much
                 help
                 the
                 Camphire
                 to
                 deterge
                 wounds
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 cleanse
                 rotten
                 bones
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             XXIII
             .
             
               Of
               Gumm
               Ammoniack
            
             .
          
           
             
               GVmm
               Ammoniack
            
             is
             so
             called
             ,
             because
             it
             distils
             from
             a
             sort
             of
             Ferula
             ,
             or
             Fennil-gyant
             ,
             that
             grows
             near
             the
             place
             where
             the
             
               Oracle
               of
               Jupiter
               Ammon
            
             stood
             heretofore
             ;
             the
             best
             is
             in
             large
             yellowish
             tears
             ,
             and
             white
             within
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             given
             inwardly
             in
             Deoppilative
             Electuaries
             for
             Schirrhous
             Tumors
             of
             the
             Liver
             ,
             Spleen
             ,
             and
             Mesentery
             ;
             it
             is
             used
             in
             Emollient
             and
             Attractive
             Plaisters
             .
          
           
             The
             way
             to
             Purifie
             it
             is
             to
             dissolve
             it
             in
             Vinegar
             ,
             then
             passing
             it
             through
             a
             cloth
             all
             the
             moisture
             is
             evaporated
             away
             over
             the
             fire
             ;
             by
             this
             means
             it
             is
             cleansed
             from
             some
             straws
             or
             other
             little
             impurities
             that
             it
             contained
             .
             But
             some
             part
             of
             its
             Volatile
             Spirits
             are
             evaporated
             at
             the
             same
             time
             ,
             and
             in
             them
             consists
             its
             greatest
             virtue
             ,
             while
             some
             others
             are
             fixed
             by
             the
             acid
             ,
             which
             always
             hinders
             the
             motion
             of
             Volatiles
             .
             Wherefore
             I
             would
             never
             advise
             this
             Purification
             to
             be
             made
             ;
             I
             would
             rather
             ,
             after
             chusing
             it
             as
             clean
             as
             may
             be
             ,
             only
             powder
             it
             in
             a
             Mortar
             ,
             to
             mix
             it
             with
             what
             may
             be
             thought
             fit
             ;
             for
             though
             there
             should
             be
             some
             little
             
             straws
             in
             it
             ,
             that
             would
             never
             be
             able
             to
             alter
             the
             nature
             of
             the
             Remedy
             ,
             or
             diminish
             its
             virtue
             so
             much
             as
             doth
             the
             destruction
             of
             its
             Volatile
             salts
             by
             the
             Vinegar
             .
          
           
             The
             same
             thing
             may
             be
             considered
             in
             the
             use
             of
             all
             other
             Gumms
             ;
             &
             if
             some
             of
             them
             ,
             as
             Galbanum
             and
             Opopanax
             ,
             are
             too
             moist
             to
             be
             powdered
             ,
             you
             may
             cut
             them
             into
             little
             slices
             ,
             &
             dry
             them
             in
             the
             Sun.
             
          
           
             
               Distillation
               of
               Gumm
               Ammoniack
               .
            
             
               This
               is
               a
               separation
               of
               the
               Oil
               and
               Spirit
               of
               
                 Gumm
                 Ammoniack
              
               from
               its
               earthy
               part
               .
            
             
               Put
               a
               pound
               of
               
                 Gumm
                 Ammoniack
              
               into
               an
               earthen
               Retort
               ,
               or
               glass
               one
               luted
               ,
               great
               enough
               for
               two
               thirds
               to
               remain
               empty
               ;
               place
               this
               Retort
               in
               a
               Reverberatory
               Furnace
               ,
               and
               fitting
               to
               it
               a
               Receiver
               ,
               begin
               the
               distillation
               with
               a
               very
               little
               fire
               to
               warm
               gently
               the
               Retort
               ,
               and
               drive
               forth
               drop
               by
               drop
               a
               little
               Phlegmatick
               water
               .
               When
               the
               vapours
               begin
               to
               appear
               ,
               throw
               out
               that
               which
               is
               in
               the
               Receiver
               ,
               and
               refitting
               it
               ,
               and
               luting
               close
               the
               joints
               ,
               encrease
               the
               fire
               by
               degrees
               ,
               and
               continue
               it
               until
               all
               is
               come
               forth
               .
               Then
               let
               the
               vessels
               cool
               ,
               and
               unlute
               them
               ;
               pour
               out
               that
               which
               is
               in
               the
               Receiver
               into
               a
               Tunnel
               lined
               with
               brown
               paper
               ,
               the
               Spirit
               will
               pass
               through
               ,
               and
               leave
               the
               thick
               black
               Oil
               in
               the
               filter
               ,
               keep
               it
               in
               a
               Viol
               :
               it
               is
               good
               for
               the
               Palsie
               ,
               and
               Hysterical
               diseases
               :
               the
               diseased
               parts
               are
               rub'd
               with
               it
               ,
               and
               it
               is
               given
               to
               women
               to
               smell
               to
               .
            
             
               Put
               the
               Spirit
               into
               a
               glass
               Alembeck
               ,
               and
               Rectifie
               it
               by
               distilling
               it
               in
               Sand.
               'T
               is
               a
               good
               Remedy
               
               against
               the
               Plague
               ,
               and
               all
               sorts
               of
               malignant
               diseases
               ;
               it
               is
               used
               in
               the
               Scurvy
               ,
               and
               all
               manner
               of
               Obstructions
               ,
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               eight
               to
               sixteen
               drops
               in
               some
               proper
               liquor
               .
            
             
               The
               Spirit
               of
               all
               other
               Gumms
               may
               be
               drawn
               after
               the
               same
               manner
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 Two
                 thirds
                 of
                 the
                 Retort
                 must
                 remain
                 empty
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Gumm
                 rarifies
                 exceedingly
                 as
                 it
                 heats
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 be
                 apt
                 to
                 come
                 forth
                 in
                 substance
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 had
                 not
                 room
                 enough
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 no
                 need
                 of
                 adding
                 alkali's
                 for
                 the
                 Rectification
                 of
                 this
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 as
                 many
                 Authors
                 would
                 perswade
                 us
                 ;
                 this
                 circumstance
                 doth
                 rather
                 more
                 hurt
                 than
                 good
                 ,
                 because
                 alkalies
                 do
                 spoil
                 these
                 sorts
                 of
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 said
                 when
                 I
                 treated
                 of
                 the
                 Rectification
                 of
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Tartar.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 phlegm
                 is
                 taken
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 receiver
                 before
                 the
                 Spirits
                 come
                 forth
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 their
                 being
                 the
                 purer
                 .
                 You
                 will
                 have
                 six
                 drachms
                 of
                 phlegm
                 ,
                 three
                 ounces
                 and
                 seven
                 drachms
                 of
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 six
                 ounces
                 of
                 a
                 black
                 &
                 stinking
                 oil
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 remains
                 in
                 the
                 retort
                 four
                 ounces
                 six
                 drachms
                 of
                 a
                 black
                 ,
                 light
                 and
                 very
                 spongious
                 matter
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 flung
                 away
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 likewise
                 a
                 little
                 inflammable
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 fuliginosities
                 which
                 have
                 fallen
                 upon
                 it
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 is
                 that
                 which
                 gave
                 it
                 the
                 black
                 colour
                 ;
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 the
                 ashes
                 of
                 this
                 matter
                 is
                 requisite
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 little
                 salt
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 salt
                 of
                 Gumms
                 being
                 commonly
                 more
                 volatile
                 than
                 fixed
                 ,
                 it
                 comes
                 forth
                 almost
                 all
                 of
                 it
                 in
                 acid
                 Spirit
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             XXIV
             .
             
               Of
               Myrrhe
            
             .
          
           
             MYrrhe
             is
             a
             Gummy
             juice
             that
             distils
             from
             a
             thorny
             Tree
             ,
             of
             a
             middle
             height
             ,
             by
             Incisions
             that
             are
             made
             into
             it
             ;
             this
             Tree
             grows
             commonly
             in
             Ethiopia
             ,
             and
             Arabia
             ,
             and
             because
             the
             Inhabitants
             of
             those
             countries
             are
             thought
             to
             feed
             on
             Serpents
             ,
             the
             Myrrhe
             that
             is
             brought
             thence
             is
             called
             Troglodytick
             .
             The
             Antients
             were
             wont
             to
             collect
             from
             the
             same
             Tree
             a
             liquor
             that
             fell
             from
             it
             without
             Incision
             ,
             which
             was
             called
             Stacten
             ;
             it
             is
             only
             a
             liquid
             Gum
             ,
             but
             I
             am
             apt
             to
             think
             it
             should
             have
             more
             virtue
             than
             common
             Myrrhe
             ,
             because
             it
             was
             the
             more
             spirituous
             part
             ,
             which
             filtrated
             through
             the
             pores
             of
             the
             Bark
             of
             this
             Tree
             .
          
           
             You
             must
             chuse
             such
             Myrrhe
             as
             is
             friable
             ,
             light
             ,
             odoriferous
             ,
             clear
             ,
             and
             such
             as
             is
             in
             small
             pieces
             ,
             of
             a
             yellowish
             colour
             ,
             and
             bitter
             to
             the
             taste
             ;
             it
             is
             aperitive
             and
             discutient
             ;
             it
             is
             much
             esteemed
             for
             obstructions
             of
             the
             Vterus
             ,
             and
             to
             bring
             the
             menstrua
             ,
             and
             to
             quicken
             womens
             Labour
             ;
             it
             also
             resists
             malignity
             of
             humors
             ,
             it
             is
             used
             in
             Corroborative
             remedies
             ,
             and
             discutient
             Plaisters
             .
          
           
             
             
               Tincture
               of
               Myrrhe
               .
            
             
               This
               Operation
               is
               a
               solution
               of
               the
               oily
               parts
               of
               Myrrhe
               in
               Spirit
               of
               wine
               .
            
             
               Put
               what
               quantity
               you
               please
               of
               good
               Myrrhe
               powdered
               ,
               into
               a
               Bolt-head
               ,
               and
               pour
               upon
               it
               Spirit
               of
               wine
               four
               fingers
               high
               ;
               stir
               the
               matter
               and
               set
               it
               in
               digestion
               in
               warm
               sand
               ,
               two
               or
               three
               days
               ,
               or
               until
               the
               Spirit
               of
               wine
               is
               loaded
               with
               the
               
                 Tincture
                 of
                 Myrrhe
              
               ;
               then
               separate
               the
               liquor
               by
               Inclination
               ,
               and
               keep
               it
               in
               a
               Viol
               well
               stopt
               .
               It
               may
               be
               used
               to
               expedite
               womens
               Labour
               ,
               to
               bring
               down
               the
               menstrua
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               Palsie
               ,
               Apoplexy
               ,
               Lethargy
               ,
               and
               all
               diseases
               that
               proceed
               from
               Corruption
               of
               humors
               ;
               it
               is
               Sudorifick
               and
               Aperitive
               ;
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               six
               drops
               to
               fifteen
               in
               some
               proper
               liquor
               ;
               it
               is
               commonly
               used
               in
               outward
               applications
               ,
               or
               mixed
               with
               the
               
                 Tincture
                 of
                 Aloes
              
               to
               discuss
               cold
               Tumors
               ,
               and
               to
               dissolve
               gypsous
               humors
               by
               way
               of
               Injection
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               Gangrene
               .
            
             
               After
               this
               manner
               may
               be
               made
               the
               Tinctures
               of
               Castor
               and
               Saffron
               ,
               which
               are
               much
               esteemed
               in
               hysterical
               cases
               ;
               the
               dose
               of
               them
               is
               from
               four
               to
               twelve
               drops
               in
               balm
               or
               mugwort
               water
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 Though
                 
                   Tinctures
                   of
                   Myrrhe
                
                 are
                 daily
                 drawn
                 in
                 wine
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 best
                 that
                 can
                 be
                 prepared
                 is
                 with
                 Spirit
                 of
                 wine
                 ,
                 because
                 this
                 menstruum
                 receives
                 the
                 more
                 Oily
                 ,
                 or
                 Balsamick
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Myrrhe
                 ;
                 
                 whereas
                 the
                 phlegm
                 of
                 wine
                 does
                 cause
                 it
                 to
                 dissolve
                 ,
                 and
                 impregnate
                 with
                 the
                 more
                 terrestrious
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Gumm
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 with
                 the
                 Oily
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 do
                 use
                 to
                 evaporate
                 this
                 Tincture
                 to
                 the
                 consistence
                 of
                 an
                 Extract
                 ,
                 but
                 because
                 thereby
                 they
                 are
                 fain
                 to
                 lose
                 the
                 more
                 volatile
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Myrrhe
                 with
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 wine
                 ,
                 I
                 do
                 conceive
                 it
                 better
                 to
                 use
                 the
                 Tincture
                 it self
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 described
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Tincture
                 of
                 Castor
                 makes
                 the
                 water
                 white
                 ,
                 into
                 which
                 you
                 drop
                 it
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 a
                 Rosine
                 which
                 it
                 contains
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 same
                 I
                 have
                 said
                 ,
                 speaking
                 of
                 the
                 Rosine
                 of
                 Jalap
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Oil
               of
               Myrrhe
               per
               Deliquium
               .
            
             
               This
               preparation
               is
               a
               solution
               of
               the
               more
               separable
               parts
               of
               Myrrhe
               ,
               made
               with
               whites
               of
               Eggs.
               
            
             
               Boil
               Eggs
               until
               they
               are
               hard
               ,
               then
               cutting
               them
               in
               two
               ,
               separate
               the
               Yelk
               ,
               and
               fill
               the
               White
               with
               Myrrhe
               powdered
               ,
               set
               them
               on
               little
               sticks
               placed
               conveniently
               on
               purpose
               ,
               in
               a
               plate
               ,
               or
               earthen
               pan
               ,
               in
               a
               Cellar
               ,
               or
               some
               such
               moist
               place
               ,
               and
               there
               will
               distil
               a
               liquor
               to
               the
               bottom
               of
               the
               vessel
               ,
               which
               you
               may
               take
               out
               ,
               and
               keep
               for
               use
               .
               This
               is
               called
               the
               
                 Oil
                 of
                 Myrrhe
              
               :
               it
               is
               good
               to
               take
               away
               spots
               ,
               and
               blemishes
               in
               the
               face
               ,
               applied
               outwardly
               .
            
             
               
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 Though
                 this
                 liquor
                 ,
                 improperly
                 called
                 Oil
                 ,
                 is
                 only
                 the
                 more
                 soluble
                 part
                 of
                 Myrrhe
                 humected
                 with
                 the
                 moisture
                 of
                 whites
                 of
                 Eggs
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Cellar
                 together
                 ,
                 yet
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 any
                 that
                 have
                 been
                 invented
                 ,
                 whether
                 you
                 should
                 draw
                 it
                 in
                 Spirit
                 of
                 wine
                 ,
                 or
                 distill
                 this
                 Gumm
                 in
                 a
                 Retort
                 ;
                 for
                 by
                 Spirit
                 of
                 wine
                 the
                 more
                 volatile
                 part
                 of
                 Myrrhe
                 is
                 lost
                 ,
                 either
                 by
                 Distillation
                 ,
                 or
                 Evaporation
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 so
                 torrified
                 in
                 a
                 Retort
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 loses
                 its
                 best
                 virtues
                 ;
                 whereas
                 
                   per
                   Deliquium
                
                 what
                 volatile
                 this
                 Gumm
                 contains
                 is
                 preserved
                 in
                 its
                 natural
                 being
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 wet
                 that
                 mixes
                 with
                 it
                 is
                 no
                 ways
                 capable
                 of
                 destroying
                 or
                 altering
                 its
                 nature
                 .
              
            
          
        
      
       
         
         
         
           THE
           THIRD
           PART
           
             Of
             Animals
          
           .
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             I.
             
               Of
               the
               Viper
            
             .
          
           
             PAssing
             by
             the
             fabulous
             Stories
             that
             the
             Ancients
             have
             left
             us
             concerning
             the
             Birth
             of
             the
             Viper
             ,
             I
             shall
             say
             it
             is
             a
             sort
             of
             Serpent
             ,
             that
             comes
             into
             the
             world
             by
             eating
             through
             the
             belly
             of
             her
             Dam
             ,
             and
             killing
             her
             ;
             whence
             she
             is
             called
             
               Vipera
               ,
               quòd
               vi
               pariat
            
             .
          
           
             This
             Animal
             is
             very
             common
             in
             Dauphiné
             ,
             and
             Poictou
             ,
             from
             whence
             it
             is
             carried
             all
             over
             France
             .
             While
             it
             is
             in
             the
             field
             it
             feeds
             upon
             several
             little
             Animals
             ,
             but
             when
             taken
             and
             shut
             up
             in
             any
             place
             ,
             it
             may
             be
             kept
             a
             whole
             Summer
             without
             eating
             any
             thing
             at
             all
             ,
             provided
             it
             hath
             Air
             enough
             to
             breath
             in
             .
          
           
             The
             reason
             why
             they
             can
             live
             so
             long
             without
             eating
             is
             doubtless
             that
             the
             pores
             of
             their
             skin
             being
             so
             exceeding
             narrow
             ,
             as
             they
             do
             appear
             to
             be
             upon
             examination
             ,
             very
             few
             of
             their
             Spirits
             do
             
             come
             to
             be
             lost
             ;
             wherefore
             they
             have
             little
             need
             of
             successive
             nourishment
             to
             beget
             new
             ones
             ,
             as
             other
             animals
             have
             ,
             who
             spend
             abundance
             of
             Spirits
             .
          
           
             'T
             is
             good
             to
             take
             Vipers
             in
             the
             Spring
             ,
             or
             Autumn
             ,
             because
             then
             they
             are
             fattest
             ,
             and
             in
             greatest
             vigour
             .
             The
             Cold
             kills
             '
             em
             .
             They
             differ
             from
             other
             Serpents
             in
             that
             they
             never
             grow
             so
             much
             ;
             they
             have
             two
             Teeth
             on
             the
             sides
             of
             their
             Jaws
             ,
             and
             those
             very
             long
             ,
             in
             comparison
             with
             a
             great
             many
             little
             ones
             that
             are
             round
             about
             ,
             and
             the
             Gum
             of
             each
             of
             those
             long
             Teeth
             is
             full
             of
             a
             Yellowish
             Juyce
             ,
             in
             which
             many
             do
             think
             their
             venom
             consists
             ;
             now
             Serpents
             have
             none
             of
             those
             long
             Teeth
             ,
             but
             only
             little
             ones
             .
          
           
             Again
             ,
             they
             differ
             in
             that
             being
             taken
             up
             by
             the
             Tails
             ,
             they
             can't
             wind
             themselves
             like
             Serpents
             ,
             to
             make
             such
             circumvolutions
             about
             the
             Arm
             ,
             or
             thing
             that
             holds
             them
             ,
             and
             this
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             different
             connexion
             of
             their
             
             Vertebra's
             .
          
           
             When
             the
             Viper
             is
             irritated
             ,
             it
             shoots
             out
             a
             forked
             tongue
             ,
             which
             looks
             like
             a
             little
             fire-brand
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             vigorous
             motion
             of
             its
             Spirits
             ;
             those
             who
             never
             had
             seen
             the
             teeth
             of
             the
             Viper
             do
             think
             this
             is
             that
             which
             causes
             all
             the
             mischief
             ,
             but
             the
             tongue
             is
             not
             at
             all
             venomous
             .
             Some
             do
             save
             the
             tongue
             ,
             to
             wear
             about
             their
             neck
             instead
             of
             an
             Amulet
             ,
             in
             order
             to
             preserve
             them
             from
             the
             effects
             of
             ill
             airs
             .
             Serpents
             do
             likewise
             thrust
             out
             their
             tongues
             as
             the
             Viper
             does
             .
             But
             here
             it
             may
             be
             good
             to
             advertise
             you
             by
             the
             by
             ,
             that
             those
             things
             which
             are
             brought
             to
             us
             from
             Maltha
             for
             the
             tongues
             of
             petrified
             Serpents
             are
             nothing
             but
             the
             teeth
             of
             a
             fish
             which
             that
             Countrey
             affords
             .
          
           
           
             The
             biting
             of
             Vipers
             is
             more
             dangerous
             than
             that
             of
             other
             Serpents
             ,
             but
             the
             most
             quick
             and
             assured
             Remedy
             that
             can
             be
             used
             upon
             it
             ,
             is
             to
             crush
             the
             head
             of
             the
             Animal
             ,
             and
             lay
             it
             on
             the
             wound
             ,
             because
             by
             opening
             of
             the
             pores
             it
             lets
             out
             the
             venomous
             Spirits
             that
             were
             got
             in
             .
             The
             bit
             person
             may
             likewise
             take
             the
             volatile
             salt
             of
             Vipers
             ,
             as
             I
             shall
             shew
             hereafter
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             not
             yet
             sufficiently
             known
             wherein
             consists
             the
             venom
             of
             Vipers
             ,
             nor
             can
             any
             good
             substantial
             reason
             be
             given
             of
             the
             accidents
             which
             happen
             after
             the
             biting
             .
             Most
             men
             think
             this
             malignity
             consists
             in
             the
             enraged
             spirits
             .
             And
             this
             is
             the
             opinion
             of
             
               Van
               Helmont
            
             ,
             and
             Poterius
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             relation
             of
             Zwelfer
             in
             his
             Remarks
             upon
             the
             
               Augustan
               Dispensatory
            
             ,
             where
             he
             treats
             of
             the
             
               Troches
               of
               Vipers
            
             :
             He
             saith
             there
             have
             been
             a
             great
             many
             eminent
             men
             who
             have
             confirmed
             this
             opinion
             with
             curious
             observations
             ,
             on
             the
             bitings
             of
             enraged
             Animals
             ,
             particularly
             of
             Man
             ,
             of
             the
             Cat
             ,
             Wolf
             ,
             Horse
             ,
             Dog
             ,
             Weasil
             ,
             &c.
             
             And
             among
             others
             
               Fabritius
               Hildanus
            
             in
             his
             Chirurgical
             Operations
             ,
             to
             whose
             proofs
             he
             thinks
             nothing
             further
             can
             be
             added
             to
             confirm
             the
             truth
             of
             this
             opinion
             :
             If
             accidents
             ,
             saith
             he
             ,
             do
             happen
             that
             are
             sometimes
             more
             severe
             ,
             and
             sometimes
             less
             ,
             they
             must
             be
             attributed
             only
             to
             more
             or
             less
             provocation
             and
             anger
             ,
             or
             sometimes
             to
             a
             more
             profound
             or
             slighter
             biting
             of
             these
             Animals
             .
             This
             opinion
             seems
             likewise
             to
             have
             been
             confirmed
             by
             some
             experiments
             ,
             which
             Monsieur
             Charas
             relates
             in
             his
             book
             of
             Vipers
             ,
             where
             he
             shews
             not
             only
             that
             the
             enraged
             Spirits
             are
             the
             sole
             poison
             of
             the
             Viper
             ,
             but
             also
             pretends
             that
             the
             
               Yellow
               Juice
            
             which
             
             is
             found
             in
             the
             hollow
             part
             of
             the
             Jaw
             ,
             wherein
             the
             great
             tooth
             is
             fastned
             ,
             and
             was
             supposed
             to
             be
             the
             venom
             of
             this
             Animal
             ,
             is
             no
             such
             matter
             ;
             for
             having
             poured
             some
             of
             this
             liquor
             on
             the
             wounds
             of
             several
             beasts
             ,
             not
             one
             of
             them
             died
             ,
             nay
             further
             ,
             that
             those
             persons
             who
             had
             ventured
             to
             taste
             it
             ,
             never
             found
             any
             inconvenience
             from
             it
             .
             Nevertheless
             Monsieur
             Redy
             in
             a
             particular
             Treatise
             on
             the
             Viper
             will
             not
             grant
             the
             truth
             of
             these
             experiments
             .
          
           
             On
             the
             contrary
             he
             maintains
             ,
             that
             having
             put
             some
             of
             this
             
               Yellow
               juice
            
             into
             the
             wounds
             of
             divers
             sorts
             of
             Animals
             ,
             they
             soon
             died
             upon
             it
             ,
             and
             thence
             concludes
             that
             the
             venom
             of
             Vipers
             consists
             in
             the
             
               Yellow
               juice
            
             ,
             and
             not
             in
             the
             enraged
             Spirits
             only
             ,
             as
             the
             others
             have
             thought
             ,
             he
             taking
             this
             cause
             alone
             to
             be
             too
             Metaphysical
             .
          
           
             And
             in
             truth
             who
             would
             believe
             that
             the
             Idea
             which
             this
             Animal
             forms
             ,
             when
             he
             finds
             himself
             provoked
             ,
             should
             be
             able
             to
             imprint
             on
             the
             Spirits
             qualities
             so
             malignant
             ?
          
           
             Now
             in
             so
             great
             an
             opposition
             of
             Opinions
             and
             Experiments
             ,
             a
             certain
             great
             man
             of
             these
             times
             found
             a
             way
             to
             reconcile
             them
             ,
             by
             affirming
             that
             the
             
               Yellow
               juice
            
             of
             Vipers
             did
             produce
             different
             effects
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             several
             places
             where
             these
             Animals
             lived
             ;
             so
             that
             Monsieur
             Redy
             might
             have
             found
             the
             
               Yellow
               juice
            
             to
             be
             venomous
             in
             Italy
             ,
             whereas
             in
             France
             ,
             where
             the
             Climate
             is
             not
             so
             hot
             ,
             this
             juice
             doth
             not
             produce
             any
             poisonous
             quality
             ,
             unless
             it
             be
             quickned
             by
             the
             
               Angry
               Spirits
            
             of
             the
             Viper
             ,
             which
             gives
             it
             a
             sufficient
             penetration
             .
          
           
             Others
             do
             confidently
             assure
             us
             they
             have
             seen
             several
             Animals
             in
             France
             die
             ,
             soon
             after
             they
             
             had
             put
             some
             of
             this
             
               Yellow
               liquor
            
             into
             the
             wounds
             they
             had
             made
             for
             that
             purpose
             ,
             which
             very
             much
             favours
             the
             assertion
             of
             Monsieur
             Redy
             .
          
           
             Furthermore
             as
             for
             what
             is
             related
             ,
             that
             in
             France
             people
             have
             ventured
             to
             taste
             this
             
               Yellow
               liquor
            
             without
             any
             harm
             ,
             I
             find
             this
             not
             to
             be
             a
             convincing
             proof
             that
             it
             is
             no
             poison
             ;
             for
             although
             
               Spirit
               of
               Vitriol
            
             ,
             for
             example
             ,
             or
             some
             other
             acid
             ,
             does
             not
             prove
             mortal
             ,
             when
             taken
             inwardly
             ,
             nevertheless
             if
             the
             same
             quantity
             should
             be
             syringed
             into
             the
             veins
             ,
             the
             Animal
             falls
             presently
             into
             Convulsions
             ,
             and
             dies
             .
             Now
             as
             that
             which
             caused
             the
             
               Spirit
               of
               Vitriol
            
             taken
             inwardly
             not
             to
             be
             Poison
             was
             this
             ;
             the
             acids
             do
             become
             weak
             through
             the
             mixture
             of
             the
             Saliva
             ,
             and
             before
             ever
             they
             come
             to
             mix
             in
             the
             Mass
             of
             bloud
             ,
             their
             parts
             do
             receive
             so
             great
             an
             alteration
             from
             the
             ferment
             of
             the
             places
             they
             must
             pass
             through
             ,
             that
             they
             are
             able
             to
             do
             nothing
             else
             at
             most
             but
             cool
             the
             Body
             :
             so
             the
             same
             may
             be
             said
             of
             the
             Yellow
             liquor
             of
             the
             Viper
             ,
             when
             it
             is
             tasted
             of
             ,
             that
             besides
             its
             mixture
             with
             the
             liquors
             of
             the
             mouth
             and
             stomach
             ,
             it
             receives
             divers
             alterations
             from
             the
             ferments
             of
             the
             places
             it
             must
             pass
             through
             ,
             before
             it
             enters
             into
             the
             mass
             of
             bloud
             .
          
           
             Many
             do
             likewise
             think
             that
             the
             venom
             of
             Vipers
             hath
             its
             chief
             seat
             in
             the
             Gall
             ,
             and
             thence
             is
             easily
             transported
             to
             the
             Gums
             ,
             when
             they
             are
             angry
             ;
             nevertheless
             in
             the
             Anatomy
             of
             this
             Animal
             there
             's
             no
             passage
             found
             capable
             of
             such
             a
             translation
             .
             I
             know
             very
             well
             that
             the
             pores
             of
             living
             bodies
             may
             be
             said
             to
             be
             so
             open
             ,
             that
             all
             manner
             of
             liquors
             may
             be
             presumed
             to
             pass
             through
             them
             ,
             but
             yet
             no
             mischievous
             effect
             is
             discovered
             to
             proceed
             
             from
             the
             
               Viper's
               Gall
            
             when
             given
             inwardly
             ,
             for
             it
             only
             causes
             sweat
             .
          
           
             Lastly
             ,
             others
             will
             have
             the
             
             Viper's
             venom
             to
             be
             dispersed
             over
             all
             its
             body
             .
             And
             those
             who
             think
             thus
             ,
             do
             advise
             us
             to
             whip
             these
             Animals
             in
             a
             warm
             bason
             to
             drive
             their
             venom
             into
             the
             extremities
             of
             the
             body
             ,
             before
             we
             cut
             (
             as
             is
             usually
             done
             )
             their
             heads
             two
             fingers
             below
             ,
             and
             their
             tails
             two
             fingers
             above
             ;
             after
             that
             ,
             to
             flea
             off
             the
             skin
             ,
             and
             take
             out
             the
             bowels
             ,
             and
             then
             boil
             the
             body
             in
             water
             ,
             wherein
             are
             added
             Salt
             ,
             and
             Dill
             ,
             to
             correct
             ,
             as
             they
             say
             ,
             the
             remaining
             malignity
             .
             When
             the
             flesh
             is
             tender
             ,
             it
             is
             to
             be
             separated
             from
             the
             bones
             ,
             then
             to
             eight
             ounces
             of
             this
             flesh
             beaten
             into
             a
             Paste
             in
             a
             marble
             mortar
             are
             added
             two
             ounces
             of
             bread
             dried
             and
             powdered
             ,
             and
             Troches
             made
             of
             it
             ,
             which
             being
             dried
             are
             kept
             for
             use
             .
          
           
             But
             this
             long
             preparation
             is
             seldom
             used
             ,
             since
             Experience
             hath
             taught
             us
             ,
             that
             no
             part
             of
             a
             dead
             Viper
             is
             at
             all
             poisonous
             .
             The
             Head
             and
             Tail
             dried
             and
             powdered
             may
             be
             taken
             instead
             of
             a
             Cordial
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             body
             .
             I
             can
             likewise
             assure
             you
             ,
             upon
             my
             own
             experience
             ,
             that
             the
             Tooth
             of
             a
             dead
             Viper
             is
             no
             ways
             venomous
             ,
             having
             by
             chance
             been
             prickt
             my self
             till
             the
             bloud
             came
             ,
             whilst
             I
             was
             a
             handling
             the
             heads
             of
             Vipers
             newly
             kill'd
             that
             I
             had
             a
             mind
             to
             dry
             ,
             and
             there
             did
             not
             follow
             the
             least
             ill
             accident
             from
             it
             .
          
           
             Furthermore
             by
             this
             Coction
             the
             Vipers
             flesh
             is
             deprived
             of
             its
             volatile
             salts
             ,
             which
             gave
             its
             greatest
             virtue
             ;
             for
             they
             dissolve
             in
             the
             broth
             ,
             which
             is
             flung
             away
             ,
             and
             only
             the
             Faeces
             remain
             ,
             wherein
             there
             hardly
             rests
             so
             much
             Cordial
             virtue
             as
             there
             does
             in
             the
             bread
             which
             is
             mixed
             for
             a
             Corrective
             .
          
           
           
             But
             there
             is
             no
             need
             I
             should
             enlarge
             my self
             further
             on
             this
             subject
             ,
             because
             these
             Observations
             are
             sufficiently
             delivered
             in
             the
             
               Augustan
               Pharmacopoeia
            
             .
          
           
             Wherefore
             I
             do
             conceive
             it
             to
             be
             much
             better
             to
             use
             the
             
               Powder
               of
               Vipers
            
             newly
             made
             ,
             than
             the
             Troches
             .
          
           
             To
             make
             this
             Powder
             well
             ,
             it
             is
             good
             to
             chuse
             Vipers
             ,
             when
             they
             are
             in
             the
             prime
             of
             their
             strength
             ;
             the
             Females
             that
             are
             full
             of
             Eggs
             or
             young
             ones
             ,
             are
             not
             so
             good
             as
             the
             others
             :
             their
             heads
             are
             to
             be
             cut
             off
             ,
             their
             skins
             thrown
             by
             ,
             and
             their
             bowels
             taken
             out
             ,
             and
             so
             they
             are
             set
             a
             drying
             in
             the
             shade
             ,
             to
             be
             afterwards
             powdered
             in
             a
             mortar
             .
          
           
             But
             because
             this
             Powder
             is
             hard
             to
             keep
             ,
             in
             that
             worms
             do
             breed
             in
             it
             ,
             it
             will
             be
             good
             to
             make
             it
             into
             a
             Paste
             with
             a
             sufficient
             quantity
             of
             the
             mucilage
             of
             
               Gum
               Tragacanth
            
             ,
             so
             form
             it
             into
             Troches
             ,
             to
             dry
             them
             ,
             and
             powder
             them
             when
             there
             is
             occasion
             to
             use
             them
             ,
             and
             thus
             it
             keeps
             good
             a
             long
             time
             .
          
           
             This
             Powder
             is
             given
             in
             the
             Small
             pox
             ,
             Malignant
             Feavers
             ,
             and
             all
             other
             maladies
             where
             Alexipharmicks
             are
             required
             ,
             and
             the
             humors
             are
             to
             be
             purified
             by
             Perspiration
             ;
             the
             dose
             is
             from
             eight
             grains
             to
             thirty
             in
             broth
             ,
             or
             some
             other
             convenient
             liquor
             .
          
           
             The
             Heart
             and
             Liver
             are
             dried
             in
             the
             Sun
             ,
             and
             powdered
             together
             ,
             and
             this
             Powder
             called
             
               Animal
               Bezoar
            
             ,
             hath
             the
             same
             virtues
             as
             the
             body
             of
             the
             Viper
             ,
             only
             it
             is
             given
             in
             a
             little
             lesser
             dose
             .
          
           
             The
             Gall
             of
             Vipers
             provokes
             Sweat
             ;
             the
             dose
             is
             a
             drop
             or
             two
             in
             Carduus
             water
             .
          
           
           
             The
             fat
             that
             is
             found
             in
             them
             is
             melted
             ,
             then
             strained
             for
             to
             separate
             it
             from
             the
             membranes
             it
             sticks
             to
             ,
             it
             is
             as
             clear
             as
             Oil.
             Several
             Countries
             do
             use
             it
             in
             the
             Small-pox
             ,
             and
             in
             Feavers
             :
             The
             dose
             is
             from
             one
             drop
             to
             six
             in
             broth
             ,
             or
             some
             other
             convenient
             liquor
             .
             It
             likewise
             enters
             into
             the
             composition
             of
             some
             Plaisters
             ,
             and
             into
             discutient
             unguents
             .
          
           
             
               Distillation
               of
               Vipers
               .
            
             
               This
               Operation
               is
               a
               separation
               of
               the
               phlegm
               ,
               the
               volatile
               salt
               ,
               and
               the
               Oil
               of
               Vipers
               from
               its
               earth
               .
            
             
               Take
               twelve
               dozen
               of
               Vipers
               dried
               in
               the
               shade
               ,
               as
               I
               said
               before
               ,
               put
               them
               into
               an
               earthen
               Retort
               ,
               or
               glass
               one
               Coated
               ,
               place
               it
               in
               a
               Reverberatory
               furnace
               ,
               fit
               to
               it
               a
               great
               capacious
               Receiver
               ,
               and
               luting
               the
               joints
               close
               ,
               begin
               the
               distillation
               with
               a
               small
               fire
               to
               warm
               the
               Retort
               gently
               ,
               and
               drive
               out
               a
               phlegmatick
               water
               drop
               by
               drop
               ;
               when
               you
               see
               no
               more
               drops
               to
               fall
               ,
               encrease
               the
               fire
               a
               little
               ,
               and
               Spirits
               will
               come
               forth
               ,
               which
               will
               fill
               the
               Receiver
               with
               white
               Clouds
               ,
               you
               will
               see
               at
               last
               a
               black
               oil
               come
               ,
               and
               the
               volatile
               salt
               stick
               to
               the
               sides
               of
               the
               Receiver
               .
               Continue
               the
               fire
               until
               there
               comes
               no
               more
               ,
               after
               which
               let
               the
               vessels
               cool
               ,
               and
               unlute
               them
               .
               Shake
               about
               the
               Receiver
               a
               little
               ,
               to
               loosen
               the
               volatile
               salt
               from
               the
               sides
               ,
               and
               pour
               it
               all
               into
               a
               Bolt-head
               ,
               fit
               to
               it
               a
               head
               and
               a
               small
               Receiver
               ,
               and
               lute
               the
               joints
               with
               a
               wet
               bladder
               ;
               you
               must
               set
               your
               vessel
               in
               Sand
               ,
               and
               with
               a
               gentle
               fire
               under
               it
               ,
               the
               volatile
               salt
               will
               sublime
               ,
               and
               stick
               
               to
               the
               head
               ,
               and
               uppermost
               part
               of
               the
               bolt-head
               ,
               separate
               it
               and
               keep
               it
               in
               a
               viol
               well
               stopt
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               one
               of
               the
               best
               medicins
               we
               have
               in
               Physick
               ,
               it
               is
               good
               in
               Malignant
               Feavers
               ,
               and
               Agues
               ,
               the
               Pox
               ,
               Apoplexy
               ,
               Epilepsie
               ,
               Palsie
               ,
               Hysterical
               Maladies
               ,
               and
               the
               bitings
               of
               all
               venomous
               Beasts
               ;
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               six
               to
               sixteen
               grains
               in
               some
               proper
               Liquor
               .
            
             
               Pour
               that
               which
               remains
               in
               the
               bolt-head
               into
               a
               Tunnel
               lined
               with
               brown
               paper
               ,
               the
               Spirit
               and
               phlegm
               will
               pass
               through
               ,
               and
               the
               stinking
               Oil
               remain
               behind
               ;
               Hysterical
               women
               may
               smell
               to
               this
               last
               ,
               to
               allay
               vapours
               ,
               and
               Paralytical
               parts
               may
               be
               anointed
               therewith
               ;
               but
               its
               smell
               is
               so
               offensive
               that
               it
               is
               hard
               to
               endure
               it
               .
            
             
               Pour
               the
               Spirit
               and
               Phlegm
               mixed
               confusedly
               together
               into
               an
               Alembeck
               ,
               and
               distil
               in
               a
               vaporous
               Bath
               about
               half
               the
               liquor
               ,
               you
               'l
               have
               a
               Spirit
               that
               must
               be
               kept
               well
               stopt
               ,
               it
               hath
               the
               same
               virtues
               as
               the
               Salt
               ;
               the
               dose
               is
               from
               ten
               to
               thirty
               drops
               .
            
             
               The
               Phlegm
               must
               be
               flung
               away
               .
            
             
               If
               that
               which
               remains
               in
               the
               Retort
               is
               Calcined
               in
               an
               open
               fire
               ,
               and
               a
               Lixivium
               made
               of
               it
               ,
               as
               I
               said
               concerning
               fixt
               Alkali
               Salts
               ,
               a
               small
               quantity
               of
               fixt
               Salt
               will
               remain
               ,
               which
               nevertheless
               hath
               no
               more
               virtue
               than
               other
               Alkali
               Salts
               I
               spoke
               of
               before
               .
            
             
               The
               volatile
               salts
               of
               Harts-horn
               ,
               the
               bloud
               ,
               Skull
               ,
               Nails
               ,
               Hair
               ,
               and
               other
               parts
               of
               Animals
               may
               be
               drawn
               after
               the
               same
               manner
               .
            
             
               
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Receiver
                 must
                 be
                 sure
                 to
                 be
                 large
                 enough
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Spirits
                 may
                 circulate
                 with
                 greater
                 ease
                 ,
                 the
                 fire
                 must
                 likewise
                 be
                 well
                 managed
                 ;
                 for
                 these
                 Spirits
                 being
                 forced
                 out
                 too
                 fast
                 do
                 rush
                 forth
                 violently
                 ,
                 and
                 break
                 the
                 Receiver
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 are
                 lost
                 through
                 the
                 joints
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Phlegm
                 comes
                 before
                 the
                 other
                 Principles
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 distillation
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 the
                 Rectification
                 the
                 Volatile
                 Salt
                 rises
                 first
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 is
                 at
                 liberty
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 lighter
                 than
                 the
                 Phlegm
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Spirit
                 which
                 is
                 drawn
                 from
                 Animals
                 by
                 Chymistry
                 is
                 nothing
                 but
                 a
                 volatile
                 salt
                 dissolved
                 in
                 Phlegm
                 .
              
               
                 Your
                 vessel
                 for
                 sublimation
                 must
                 be
                 very
                 high
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Volatile
                 Salt
                 may
                 rise
                 without
                 any
                 Phlegm
                 ,
                 for
                 when
                 the
                 vessel
                 is
                 short
                 ,
                 the
                 Phlegm
                 riseth
                 with
                 the
                 Volatile
                 salt
                 ,
                 liquifies
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 turns
                 it
                 into
                 Spirit
                 .
                 A
                 bolt-head
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 long
                 body
                 with
                 its
                 head
                 ,
                 may
                 serve
                 for
                 this
                 Operation
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Phlegm
                 being
                 too
                 heavy
                 cannot
                 mount
                 so
                 high
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 leaves
                 the
                 Volatile
                 Salt
                 to
                 sublime
                 alone
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 nevertheless
                 be
                 Rectified
                 to
                 become
                 more
                 pure
                 ;
                 you
                 must
                 mix
                 it
                 with
                 the
                 distilled
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 and
                 repeat
                 the
                 Sublimation
                 according
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 said
                 :
                 but
                 because
                 this
                 Salt
                 always
                 carries
                 along
                 with
                 it
                 a
                 small
                 quantity
                 of
                 Oil
                 ,
                 a
                 few
                 days
                 afterwards
                 it
                 loses
                 its
                 whiteness
                 ,
                 and
                 turns
                 Yellowish
                 :
                 now
                 to
                 avoid
                 that
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 pour
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 bottle
                 ,
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Wine
                   Tartarised
                
                 one
                 fingers
                 height
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 keep
                 it
                 well
                 stopt
                 .
                 
                 This
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 hinders
                 the
                 salt
                 from
                 dissolving
                 its
                 self
                 and
                 the
                 Oil
                 it
                 contained
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 after
                 some
                 days
                 it
                 turns
                 red
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 salt
                 grows
                 white
                 ;
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 used
                 ,
                 the
                 Spirit
                 is
                 decanted
                 from
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Salt
                 left
                 alone
                 :
                 by
                 means
                 of
                 this
                 Lotion
                 it
                 loses
                 a
                 little
                 of
                 its
                 former
                 smell
                 ;
                 but
                 care
                 must
                 be
                 taken
                 that
                 the
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 be
                 well
                 Rectified
                 ,
                 for
                 if
                 there
                 remained
                 any
                 the
                 least
                 Phlegm
                 ,
                 the
                 Salt
                 would
                 dissolve
                 in
                 it
                 .
                 You
                 may
                 also
                 sublime
                 it
                 again
                 as
                 before
                 ,
                 after
                 having
                 well
                 washt
                 it
                 in
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 dry
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 fair
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 another
                 way
                 of
                 Rectifying
                 the
                 Volatile
                 salt
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 by
                 mixing
                 it
                 with
                 four
                 or
                 five
                 times
                 as
                 much
                 bones
                 ,
                 or
                 horns
                 burnt
                 white
                 ,
                 and
                 putting
                 the
                 mixture
                 into
                 a
                 glass
                 ,
                 or
                 earthen
                 body
                 ,
                 then
                 fitting
                 to
                 it
                 a
                 blind-head
                 ,
                 or
                 such
                 a
                 one
                 whose
                 Nose
                 has
                 not
                 been
                 opened
                 ,
                 after
                 that
                 luting
                 well
                 the
                 joints
                 ,
                 then
                 setting
                 the
                 vessel
                 in
                 sand
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 a
                 gentle
                 fire
                 the
                 Volatile
                 salt
                 will
                 rise
                 ,
                 and
                 stick
                 to
                 the
                 head
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 continue
                 the
                 fire
                 until
                 there
                 rises
                 no
                 more
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 salt
                 is
                 hereby
                 purified
                 from
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 its
                 Oil
                 ,
                 which
                 remains
                 in
                 the
                 powder
                 of
                 Bones
                 ,
                 wherefore
                 it
                 becomes
                 whiter
                 than
                 it
                 was
                 ,
                 and
                 pleasanter
                 to
                 the
                 palate
                 .
                 It
                 may
                 again
                 be
                 mixt
                 with
                 other
                 Calcined
                 bones
                 ,
                 and
                 sublimed
                 as
                 before
                 ,
                 to
                 render
                 it
                 purer
                 still
                 ,
                 and
                 take
                 away
                 more
                 of
                 its
                 loathsome
                 smell
                 ,
                 that
                 's
                 caused
                 partly
                 by
                 the
                 
                   Empyreumatical
                   oyl
                
                 that
                 it
                 draws
                 along
                 with
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 distillation
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Volatile
                 salt
                 dissolved
                 in
                 a
                 little
                 water
                 Crystallizes
                 like
                 Sugar-Candy
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 it
                 is
                 easier
                 to
                 keep
                 than
                 before
                 .
              
               
               
                 There
                 can
                 be
                 drawn
                 from
                 Animals
                 but
                 a
                 very
                 little
                 quantity
                 of
                 fixt
                 salt
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Spirits
                 which
                 abound
                 in
                 them
                 do
                 volatilize
                 their
                 salt
                 :
                 for
                 which
                 reason
                 this
                 volatile
                 salt
                 keeps
                 dry
                 longer
                 than
                 that
                 of
                 Vegetables
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 virtue
                 of
                 Animals
                 doth
                 principally
                 consist
                 in
                 their
                 Volatile
                 salt
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 which
                 gives
                 meat
                 its
                 savour
                 ,
                 that
                 makes
                 Broths
                 strong
                 ,
                 and
                 turns
                 them
                 into
                 a
                 Gelly
                 ,
                 according
                 as
                 they
                 do
                 abound
                 more
                 or
                 less
                 .
                 The
                 
                   Juscula
                   Consummata
                
                 which
                 are
                 made
                 with
                 a
                 small
                 fire
                 are
                 better
                 than
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 boiled
                 quick
                 ,
                 because
                 a
                 strong
                 fire
                 carries
                 away
                 good
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Volatile
                 salts
                 .
              
               
                 Volatile
                 Salts
                 do
                 rarifie
                 the
                 humors
                 of
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 both
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 their
                 piercing
                 nature
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 in
                 that
                 being
                 Alkalis
                 they
                 do
                 dull
                 the
                 strength
                 of
                 Acids
                 ,
                 which
                 keep
                 the
                 humors
                 condensed
                 ,
                 after
                 which
                 the
                 bloud
                 being
                 in
                 greater
                 motion
                 than
                 before
                 ,
                 doth
                 the
                 more
                 easily
                 purifie
                 it self
                 ,
                 either
                 by
                 perspiration
                 or
                 by
                 Urine
                 ,
                 from
                 heterogeneous
                 bodies
                 which
                 were
                 there
                 gathered
                 together
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Operation
                 may
                 serve
                 to
                 shew
                 how
                 the
                 Volatile
                 Salt
                 of
                 all
                 Animals
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 part
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 drawn
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Volatile
                 Salt
                 of
                 Bloud
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 drawn
                 ,
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 colour
                 must
                 be
                 taken
                 and
                 dried
                 in
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 with
                 a
                 very
                 little
                 fire
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 distilled
                 like
                 Vipers
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 distil
                 two
                 and
                 thirty
                 ounces
                 of
                 shavings
                 of
                 Harts-horn
                 ,
                 you
                 'l
                 draw
                 thirteen
                 ounces
                 of
                 liquor
                 ,
                 and
                 Volatile
                 salt
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 will
                 remain
                 in
                 the
                 Retort
                 nineteen
                 ounces
                 of
                 matter
                 as
                 black
                 as
                 Coal
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 'l
                 draw
                 from
                 the
                 liquor
                 an
                 ounce
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 of
                 Volatile
                 salt
                 ,
                 six
                 ounces
                 of
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 and
                 two
                 ounces
                 of
                 Black
                 oil
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 black
                 matter
                 being
                 grinded
                 on
                 a
                 Marble
                 is
                 good
                 for
                 Painters
                 use
                 ;
                 if
                 you
                 Calcine
                 it
                 ,
                 the
                 fuliginous
                 parts
                 which
                 make
                 it
                 black
                 ,
                 will
                 fly
                 away
                 ,
                 and
                 leave
                 the
                 Harts-horn
                 very
                 white
                 ;
                 you
                 'l
                 have
                 sixteen
                 ounces
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 is
                 called
                 
                   burnt
                   Harts-horn
                
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 accounted
                 a
                 Cordial
                 ,
                 but
                 indeed
                 has
                 no
                 other
                 virtue
                 than
                 to
                 destroy
                 acids
                 ,
                 as
                 all
                 other
                 alkali
                 matters
                 do
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 do
                 stratifie
                 Harts-horn
                 with
                 Bricks
                 ,
                 and
                 Calcining
                 it
                 that
                 way
                 ,
                 they
                 call
                 it
                 Harts-horn
                 prepared
                 Philosophically
                 ,
                 they
                 account
                 it
                 more
                 Cordial
                 than
                 it
                 was
                 before
                 ;
                 but
                 they
                 are
                 egregiously
                 mistaken
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Volatile
                 salt
                 ,
                 and
                 oil
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 the
                 things
                 that
                 should
                 render
                 it
                 Cardiacal
                 ,
                 were
                 carried
                 away
                 in
                 the
                 Calcination
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 remains
                 only
                 a
                 Terrestrious
                 matter
                 that
                 may
                 be
                 called
                 a
                 
                   Caput
                   mortuum
                
                 .
                 Notwithstanding
                 it
                 is
                 an
                 alkali
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 serve
                 as
                 
                   Crabs-eyes
                   ,
                   Coral
                
                 ,
                 and
                 divers
                 other
                 matters
                 of
                 the
                 like
                 nature
                 ,
                 which
                 absorb
                 acids
                 ;
                 the
                 Bricks
                 bestow
                 no
                 virtue
                 at
                 all
                 to
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 distil
                 forty
                 ounces
                 of
                 Ivory
                 ,
                 you
                 will
                 draw
                 thirteen
                 ounces
                 of
                 liquor
                 ,
                 and
                 volatile
                 salt
                 ;
                 and
                 there
                 will
                 remain
                 in
                 the
                 Retort
                 six
                 and
                 twenty
                 ounces
                 of
                 a
                 matter
                 as
                 black
                 as
                 Coal
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 by
                 the
                 Rectification
                 you
                 will
                 get
                 two
                 ounces
                 and
                 a
                 drachm
                 of
                 Volatile
                 salt
                 ,
                 one
                 ounce
                 and
                 five
                 drachms
                 of
                 a
                 stinking
                 black
                 oil
                 ,
                 five
                 ounces
                 of
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 and
                 four
                 ounces
                 two
                 drachms
                 of
                 phlegm
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 Calcine
                 the
                 black
                 pieces
                 which
                 remain
                 in
                 the
                 Retort
                 ,
                 in
                 an
                 open
                 fire
                 ,
                 the
                 soot
                 will
                 leave
                 them
                 and
                 they
                 will
                 burn
                 white
                 ;
                 this
                 is
                 called
                 burnt
                 Ivory
                 ,
                 or
                 Spodium
                 :
                 it
                 has
                 the
                 same
                 virtues
                 as
                 
                   burnt
                   Harts-horn
                
                 ,
                 you
                 will
                 have
                 at
                 least
                 twenty
                 ounces
                 of
                 it
                 .
              
               
               
                 It
                 is
                 here
                 remarkable
                 that
                 Ivory
                 does
                 contain
                 much
                 more
                 earth
                 than
                 Harts-horn
                 ,
                 and
                 doubtless
                 that
                 is
                 the
                 reason
                 why
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 whiter
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 distil
                 twelve
                 ounces
                 of
                 Hair
                 ,
                 you
                 will
                 obtain
                 eight
                 ounces
                 of
                 liquor
                 and
                 volatile
                 salt
                 .
                 There
                 will
                 remain
                 in
                 the
                 Retort
                 three
                 ounces
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 of
                 a
                 black
                 matter
                 very
                 spongy
                 and
                 earthy
                 ,
                 from
                 which
                 no
                 fixed
                 salt
                 can
                 be
                 drawn
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 by
                 Rectification
                 you
                 will
                 raise
                 into
                 the
                 Head
                 an
                 ounce
                 and
                 seven
                 drachms
                 of
                 a
                 very
                 fine
                 volatile
                 salt
                 ;
                 separate
                 by
                 a
                 filter
                 three
                 ounces
                 of
                 a
                 black
                 and
                 very
                 fetid
                 oil
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 distillation
                 of
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 filtrated
                 you
                 'l
                 have
                 two
                 ounces
                 of
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 and
                 nine
                 drachms
                 of
                 phlegm
                 .
              
               
                 All
                 Volatile
                 salts
                 have
                 much
                 resemblance
                 in
                 their
                 figure
                 ,
                 smell
                 and
                 taste
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 of
                 Vipers
                 is
                 accounted
                 the
                 most
                 active
                 ,
                 and
                 proper
                 against
                 Poisons
                 ;
                 those
                 of
                 Harts-horn
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Mans
                   Skull
                
                 are
                 thought
                 to
                 be
                 better
                 than
                 others
                 for
                 the
                 Epilepsie
                 ,
                 that
                 of
                 
                   mans
                   bloud
                
                 to
                 purifie
                 the
                 bloud
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 you
                 Rectifie
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Vipers
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   man's
                   Skull
                
                 ,
                 or
                 Harts-horn
                 ,
                 or
                 hair
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 purifie
                 them
                 from
                 their
                 phlegm
                 ,
                 if
                 you
                 should
                 let
                 the
                 liquor
                 continue
                 distilling
                 longer
                 than
                 is
                 fitting
                 ,
                 the
                 phlegm
                 will
                 rise
                 after
                 the
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 but
                 then
                 it
                 separates
                 from
                 the
                 Spirit
                 as
                 water
                 separates
                 from
                 oil
                 ,
                 the
                 Spirit
                 will
                 be
                 uppermost
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 little
                 troubled
                 ,
                 and
                 whitish
                 ,
                 but
                 if
                 you
                 keep
                 these
                 two
                 liquors
                 together
                 for
                 a
                 month
                 ,
                 the
                 whole
                 will
                 mix
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 will
                 be
                 no
                 longer
                 any
                 separation
                 of
                 them
                 at
                 all
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 effects
                 do
                 happen
                 from
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Spirit
                 in
                 rising
                 does
                 carry
                 with
                 it
                 some
                 small
                 quantity
                 
                 of
                 Oil
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 dissolved
                 in
                 the
                 liquor
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 salts
                 that
                 it
                 contains
                 .
                 This
                 Oil
                 is
                 very
                 volatile
                 ,
                 it
                 rises
                 with
                 the
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 rendring
                 the
                 Spirit
                 a
                 little
                 oily
                 ,
                 it
                 hinders
                 at
                 first
                 the
                 phlegm
                 from
                 mixing
                 with
                 it
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 likewise
                 this
                 little
                 quantity
                 of
                 oil
                 which
                 makes
                 the
                 Spirit
                 look
                 a
                 little
                 troubled
                 ,
                 and
                 whitish
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 the
                 Spirit
                 and
                 phlegm
                 are
                 kept
                 a
                 good
                 while
                 together
                 ,
                 they
                 mix
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 whole
                 appears
                 like
                 a
                 homogeneous
                 liquor
                 ,
                 because
                 there
                 being
                 but
                 little
                 oil
                 in
                 the
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 the
                 phlegm
                 insensibly
                 enters
                 into
                 ,
                 and
                 incorporates
                 with
                 it
                 ;
                 wherefore
                 you
                 must
                 take
                 care
                 to
                 separate
                 the
                 Spirit
                 from
                 the
                 phlegm
                 so
                 soon
                 as
                 ever
                 you
                 take
                 the
                 Receiver
                 from
                 the
                 nose
                 of
                 the
                 head
                 ,
                 in
                 case
                 you
                 have
                 suffered
                 the
                 liquor
                 to
                 distil
                 too
                 long
                 .
              
               
                 What
                 I
                 have
                 now
                 spoken
                 of
                 does
                 not
                 happen
                 in
                 the
                 Rectification
                 of
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Ivory
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 doubt
                 the
                 reason
                 is
                 that
                 the
                 Ivory
                 does
                 not
                 contain
                 so
                 much
                 Oil
                 as
                 the
                 other
                 parts
                 of
                 Animals
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 do
                 prepare
                 a
                 
                   Sudorifick
                   water
                
                 with
                 Vipers
                 after
                 this
                 manner
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 do
                 put
                 the
                 Vipers
                 alive
                 into
                 a
                 great
                 earthen
                 body
                 ,
                 they
                 fit
                 to
                 it
                 a
                 head
                 with
                 its
                 Receiver
                 ,
                 they
                 lute
                 the
                 joints
                 ,
                 and
                 distil
                 in
                 a
                 Balneum
                 all
                 that
                 will
                 rise
                 from
                 it
                 ;
                 but
                 you
                 must
                 take
                 care
                 that
                 the
                 head
                 be
                 well
                 fastned
                 to
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 for
                 when
                 the
                 Vipers
                 begin
                 to
                 be
                 heated
                 ,
                 they
                 leap
                 and
                 fling
                 about
                 with
                 so
                 much
                 violence
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 otherwise
                 throw
                 it
                 down
                 ,
                 and
                 get
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 stove
                 .
                 And
                 then
                 the
                 Artist
                 must
                 have
                 a
                 care
                 of
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 be
                 too
                 bold
                 ,
                 for
                 these
                 creatures
                 being
                 irritated
                 would
                 fling
                 about
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 bite
                 of
                 theirs
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 would
                 be
                 twice
                 as
                 dangerous
                 as
                 at
                 another
                 .
              
               
               
                 This
                 water
                 which
                 rises
                 whilest
                 the
                 Vipers
                 are
                 in
                 their
                 greatest
                 fury
                 is
                 Sudorifick
                 ,
                 because
                 some
                 Volatile
                 salts
                 have
                 risen
                 and
                 mixed
                 with
                 it
                 .
                 You
                 may
                 give
                 of
                 it
                 from
                 a
                 drachm
                 to
                 half
                 an
                 ounce
                 in
                 some
                 proper
                 liquor
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 to
                 avoid
                 the
                 forementioned
                 danger
                 you
                 might
                 cut
                 the
                 Vipers
                 in
                 pieces
                 before
                 you
                 put
                 them
                 into
                 the
                 body
                 ;
                 and
                 because
                 these
                 pieces
                 of
                 them
                 do
                 retain
                 life
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 water
                 will
                 be
                 little
                 the
                 worse
                 for
                 their
                 not
                 being
                 intire
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 you
                 have
                 drawn
                 as
                 much
                 water
                 from
                 them
                 as
                 you
                 can
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 a
                 Balneum
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 put
                 the
                 remainder
                 of
                 the
                 Vipers
                 into
                 a
                 Retort
                 ,
                 and
                 distil
                 it
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 shewn
                 before
                 ;
                 you
                 will
                 thereby
                 have
                 the
                 
                   Volatile
                   salt
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Oyl
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             II.
             
               Distillation
               of
               Vrine
               ,
               and
               its
               Volatile
               Salt.
               
            
          
           
             THIS
             Operation
             is
             a
             separation
             of
             the
             Spirit
             ,
             the
             
               Volatile
               Salt
            
             ,
             and
             the
             Oil
             of
             Vrine
             ,
             from
             the
             phlegm
             ,
             and
             the
             earth
             which
             it
             contains
             .
          
           
             Take
             ten
             or
             twelve
             quarts
             of
             Vrine
             newly
             made
             by
             sound
             young
             men
             ,
             evaporate
             it
             in
             an
             earthen
             or
             glass
             Cucurbite
             in
             a
             Sand-heat
             ,
             until
             it
             remains
             in
             the
             consistence
             of
             Honey
             ;
             then
             fit
             a
             head
             with
             
             its
             Receiver
             ,
             and
             luting
             the
             junctures
             close
             ,
             continue
             a
             small
             fire
             to
             distil
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             phlegm
             ,
             after
             which
             encrease
             it
             by
             little
             and
             little
             ,
             and
             the
             Spirits
             will
             rise
             in
             Clouds
             ,
             carrying
             with
             them
             a
             little
             Oil
             ,
             and
             after
             that
             the
             
               Volatile
               salt
            
             ,
             which
             will
             stick
             to
             the
             head
             like
             Butter-flies
             ;
             continue
             the
             fire
             until
             there
             comes
             no
             more
             ;
             then
             unlute
             the
             Vessels
             ,
             and
             separating
             the
             
               Volatile
               salt
            
             ,
             put
             it
             into
             a
             bolt-head
             ,
             pour
             likewise
             into
             it
             the
             Spirit
             that
             is
             in
             the
             Receiver
             ,
             and
             fit
             a
             blind-head
             to
             the
             bolt-head
             ;
             lute
             the
             junctures
             with
             a
             wet
             bladder
             ,
             and
             setting
             your
             bolt-head
             in
             Sand
             ,
             sublime
             with
             a
             small
             fire
             all
             the
             
               Volatile
               salt
            
             ,
             as
             I
             have
             shewed
             concerning
             that
             of
             Vipers
             ;
             separate
             this
             Salt
             ,
             and
             keep
             it
             in
             a
             Viol
             well
             stopt
             .
             It
             is
             a
             good
             Remedy
             for
             Quartan
             Agues
             ,
             and
             Malignant
             Feavers
             ,
             it
             opens
             all
             Obstructions
             ,
             and
             works
             both
             by
             Vrine
             and
             Sweat
             :
             the
             dose
             is
             from
             six
             to
             sixteen
             grains
             in
             some
             convenient
             liquor
             ;
             filtrate
             that
             which
             remains
             in
             the
             bolt-head
             ,
             the
             Spirit
             will
             pass
             through
             the
             Filter
             ,
             whilst
             a
             small
             quantity
             of
             black
             and
             extraordinary
             stinking
             Oil
             remains
             ,
             which
             is
             good
             to
             discuss
             cold
             Tumors
             ,
             and
             to
             give
             to
             Hysterical
             women
             to
             smell
             to
             .
          
           
             You
             may
             distil
             the
             Spirit
             in
             a
             Sand-heat
             to
             separate
             it
             from
             a
             thick
             matter
             that
             remains
             at
             bottom
             ,
             it
             hath
             the
             same
             virtues
             as
             the
             Salt
             ;
             it
             is
             given
             from
             eight
             to
             twenty
             drops
             in
             some
             proper
             vehicle
             .
          
           
             Two
             drachms
             of
             it
             are
             mixed
             with
             two
             ounces
             of
             
               Spirit
               of
               Wine
            
             to
             rub
             Paralytical
             parts
             with
             ;
             it
             is
             likewise
             used
             for
             cold
             pains
             ,
             and
             for
             the
             Sciatica
             .
          
           
           
             If
             the
             Mass
             that
             remains
             in
             the
             Cucurbite
             should
             be
             Calcined
             and
             a
             Lixivium
             made
             of
             it
             with
             water
             ,
             a
             very
             small
             quantity
             of
             fixt
             Alkali
             salt
             might
             be
             gotten
             from
             evaporating
             the
             water
             ,
             and
             it
             hath
             the
             same
             virtues
             as
             other
             Alkali
             salts
             .
          
           
             
               Remarks
               .
            
             
               The
               Vrine
               of
               young
               men
               is
               to
               be
               prefer'd
               before
               others
               ,
               because
               it
               contains
               more
               Salt.
               It
               must
               be
               newly
               made
               ,
               and
               evaporated
               with
               a
               gentle
               fire
               ,
               that
               the
               Fermentation
               ,
               or
               too
               much
               heat
               ,
               may
               not
               cause
               the
               
                 Volatile
                 Salts
              
               to
               rise
               with
               the
               phlegm
               .
               The
               Spirit
               is
               only
               a
               
                 Volatile
                 salt
              
               dissolved
               in
               a
               little
               phlegm
               ;
               this
               
                 Volatile
                 salt
              
               works
               more
               by
               Vrine
               than
               any
               of
               the
               rest
               ,
               but
               its
               smell
               is
               more
               offensive
               .
            
             
               This
               Remedy
               must
               never
               be
               given
               in
               Broth
               ,
               for
               Broth
               being
               to
               be
               taken
               hot
               ,
               the
               heat
               evaporates
               some
               of
               the
               
                 volatile
                 salts
              
               ,
               before
               it
               can
               well
               be
               taken
               .
            
             
               A
               
                 Volatile
                 salt
              
               may
               be
               drawn
               from
               Vrine
               ,
               after
               setting
               it
               some
               months
               Fermenting
               in
               a
               Vessel
               close
               stopt
               ,
               and
               then
               a
               third
               part
               of
               the
               Liquor
               must
               be
               distilled
               with
               a
               gentle
               fire
               ;
               it
               is
               in
               this
               
                 distilled
                 Vrine
              
               ,
               that
               the
               
                 Volatile
                 salt
              
               will
               be
               found
               exalted
               by
               the
               Fermentation
               .
               Rectifie
               this
               liquor
               again
               three
               or
               four
               times
               ,
               throwing
               away
               each
               Distillation
               the
               Phlegm
               that
               remains
               at
               the
               bottom
               of
               the
               Cucurbite
               ;
               then
               putting
               your
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Vrine
              
               into
               a
               Matrass
               with
               its
               head
               ,
               sublime
               the
               
                 Volatile
                 Salt
              
               as
               I
               shewed
               before
               .
               Some
               do
               add
               to
               it
               Salt-peter
               .
            
             
               This
               Salt
               is
               of
               a
               more
               penetrating
               nature
               than
               the
               other
               ,
               but
               a
               great
               deal
               of
               time
               is
               required
               to
               make
               it
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               The
               Phosphorus
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               a
               luminous
               matter
               distilled
               from
               Vrine
               that
               has
               been
               fermented
               .
            
             
               Take
               a
               good
               quantity
               of
               humane
               urine
               ,
               let
               it
               ferment
               ,
               or
               putrifie
               in
               the
               air
               in
               an
               open
               vessel
               three
               or
               four
               months
               :
               then
               pour
               it
               into
               earthen
               pans
               ,
               and
               evaporate
               it
               over
               the
               fire
               ,
               until
               the
               remaining
               matter
               comes
               to
               the
               consistence
               of
               thick
               honey
               ,
               put
               this
               matter
               into
               an
               earthen
               body
               that
               can
               endure
               the
               fire
               ,
               and
               is
               big
               enough
               to
               be
               left
               at
               least
               half
               empty
               ,
               place
               your
               body
               in
               a
               furnace
               ,
               fit
               to
               it
               a
               glass
               head
               with
               its
               receiver
               ,
               and
               having
               well
               luted
               the
               joints
               ,
               give
               it
               a
               little
               fire
               for
               two
               or
               three
               hours
               to
               distil
               some
               phlegmatick
               Spirits
               which
               still
               remained
               in
               the
               matter
               ,
               after
               which
               you
               must
               encrease
               the
               fire
               by
               little
               and
               little
               to
               the
               third
               degree
               ,
               there
               will
               rise
               some
               small
               quantity
               of
               
                 Volatile
                 Salt
              
               ,
               which
               will
               stick
               to
               the
               head
               ,
               and
               some
               black
               oil
               which
               will
               fall
               into
               the
               receiver
               ,
               continue
               a
               good
               coal
               fire
               ,
               until
               there
               comes
               no
               more
               Oil
               ;
               let
               the
               vessels
               cool
               ,
               and
               having
               taken
               off
               the
               receiver
               ,
               pour
               the
               liquor
               you
               find
               in
               it
               into
               a
               Tunnel
               lined
               with
               brown
               paper
               ,
               the
               Spirit
               and
               phlegm
               will
               pass
               through
               ,
               and
               the
               oil
               will
               remain
               in
               the
               filter
               ,
               put
               the
               oil
               into
               an
               earthen
               pan
               ,
               and
               in
               a
               mild
               sand-heat
               dry
               it
               until
               it
               comes
               to
               be
               as
               thick
               as
               an
               ointment
               :
               take
               off
               the
               head
               ,
               and
               you
               will
               find
               in
               the
               body
               a
               black
               spongey
               mass
               which
               you
               are
               to
               separate
               from
               the
               solid
               compact
               matter
               which
               remains
               at
               bottom
               ,
               powder
               your
               spongey
               matter
               ,
               and
               mix
               it
               with
               the
               dried
               black
               
               oyl
               ;
               put
               it
               into
               an
               earthen
               retort
               ,
               set
               it
               in
               a
               Reverberatory
               furnace
               ,
               fit
               to
               it
               a
               large
               capacious
               receiver
               ,
               and
               luting
               well
               the
               joints
               ,
               give
               it
               a
               small
               fire
               to
               heat
               insensibly
               the
               Retort
               ,
               then
               increase
               it
               by
               little
               and
               little
               ,
               a
               
                 Volatile
                 salt
              
               will
               come
               forth
               which
               will
               stick
               to
               the
               sides
               of
               the
               receiver
               ,
               and
               a
               little
               oil
               with
               it
               ,
               increase
               the
               fire
               to
               the
               last
               degree
               of
               violence
               ,
               and
               you
               will
               perceive
               a
               white
               Fume
               ,
               which
               after
               it
               has
               circulated
               in
               the
               receiver
               will
               likewise
               stick
               to
               the
               receiver
               ,
               and
               will
               be
               of
               a
               yellow
               colour
               ;
               this
               is
               the
               PHOSPHORVS
               ,
               continue
               the
               fire
               in
               its
               greatest
               vigour
               four
               or
               five
               hours
               ,
               or
               until
               no
               more
               will
               come
               into
               the
               retort
               .
            
             
               Let
               the
               vessels
               grow
               cold
               ,
               then
               unlute
               them
               ,
               throw
               water
               into
               the
               receiver
               ,
               and
               having
               shook
               it
               sufficiently
               about
               to
               loosen
               that
               which
               was
               glu'd
               to
               its
               sides
               ,
               pour
               it
               all
               into
               a
               large
               glass
               vessel
               ,
               and
               leave
               it
               to
               settle
               ,
               the
               volatile
               salt
               will
               dissolve
               in
               the
               water
               ,
               but
               the
               matter
               of
               the
               Phosphorus
               ,
               and
               the
               oil
               will
               precipitate
               to
               the
               bottom
               ;
               decant
               the
               water
               ,
               and
               having
               gathered
               the
               matter
               together
               ,
               put
               it
               into
               a
               little
               glass
               vessel
               ,
               add
               to
               it
               a
               little
               water
               ,
               and
               place
               the
               vessel
               in
               sand
               ,
               give
               it
               a
               digestive
               heat
               ,
               and
               stir
               the
               matter
               gently
               with
               a
               wooden
               spatule
               ,
               the
               Phosphorus
               will
               separate
               from
               the
               oil
               ,
               and
               sink
               to
               the
               bottom
               ,
               you
               may
               make
               it
               up
               into
               little
               sticks
               whilst
               it
               is
               hot
               ,
               by
               putting
               of
               it
               into
               the
               neck
               of
               a
               very
               little
               bolt-head
               ,
               and
               taking
               it
               out
               when
               it
               is
               cold
               ,
               then
               keep
               it
               stopt
               in
               a
               little
               bottle
               filled
               with
               water
               ,
               for
               without
               water
               to
               preserve
               it
               ,
               it
               would
               spend
               it self
               and
               be
               lost
               in
               fumes
               .
            
             
             
               To
               make
               
                 PHOSPHORVS
                 liquid
              
               ,
               you
               must
               scrape
               or
               break
               off
               a
               piece
               of
               it
               ,
               put
               it
               into
               a
               viol
               ,
               and
               pour
               upon
               it
               the
               clear
               Essence
               of
               Cloves
               to
               the
               height
               of
               one
               finger
               ,
               stop
               the
               viol
               close
               ,
               and
               set
               it
               two
               days
               in
               digestion
               in
               horse-dung
               ,
               stirring
               it
               from
               time
               to
               time
               ,
               to
               help
               the
               solution
               of
               the
               matter
               ,
               after
               that
               take
               your
               viol
               and
               keep
               it
               ,
               you
               have
               in
               it
               the
               
                 liquid
                 PHOSPHORVS
              
               .
               All
               the
               matter
               will
               not
               have
               dissolved
               ,
               some
               part
               of
               it
               will
               remain
               at
               bottom
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 word
                 Phosphorus
                 ,
                 comes
                 from
                 the
                 Greek
                 ,
                 
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 Lucifer
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Morning-Star
                 .
              
               
                 Of
                 them
                 there
                 are
                 the
                 Natural
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Artificial
                 ,
                 the
                 Natural
                 are
                 such
                 as
                 Glow-worms
                 ,
                 Rotten
                 wood
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 others
                 .
                 The
                 Artificial
                 are
                 made
                 with
                 the
                 
                   Bolonian
                   stone
                
                 ,
                 with
                 chalk
                 ,
                 with
                 urine
                 ,
                 with
                 bloud
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 divers
                 other
                 sulphureous
                 matters
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 
                   Bolonian
                   stone
                
                 was
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 first
                 Artificial
                 Phosphorus
                 that
                 has
                 been
                 known
                 :
                 it
                 takes
                 its
                 name
                 from
                 the
                 Town
                 in
                 Italy
                 where
                 it
                 was
                 made
                 ,
                 he
                 that
                 did
                 prepare
                 it
                 is
                 dead
                 without
                 leaving
                 the
                 knowledge
                 of
                 his
                 Secret
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 that
                 no
                 body
                 'till
                 the
                 present
                 has
                 been
                 able
                 sufficiently
                 to
                 imitate
                 it
                 ,
                 he
                 did
                 calcine
                 it
                 for
                 a
                 certain
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 perhaps
                 after
                 such
                 a
                 manner
                 as
                 we
                 are
                 still
                 ignorant
                 of
                 ,
                 then
                 exposing
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 air
                 it
                 yielded
                 a
                 great
                 light
                 in
                 the
                 dark
                 ,
                 which
                 by
                 little
                 and
                 little
                 grew
                 weaker
                 and
                 weaker
                 .
                 This
                 Stone
                 is
                 bituminous
                 ,
                 and
                 full
                 of
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 thing
                 that
                 
                 gives
                 it
                 this
                 disposition
                 to
                 shine
                 in
                 the
                 dark
                 ,
                 but
                 because
                 its
                 sulphur
                 is
                 spent
                 by
                 little
                 and
                 little
                 ,
                 it
                 comes
                 at
                 length
                 to
                 be
                 opake
                 ,
                 like
                 another
                 stone
                 .
                 When
                 it
                 has
                 not
                 been
                 calcined
                 enough
                 ,
                 it
                 yields
                 no
                 light
                 at
                 all
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 sulphureous
                 parts
                 have
                 not
                 been
                 put
                 into
                 sufficient
                 motion
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 calcined
                 too
                 much
                 ,
                 these
                 sulphureous
                 parts
                 are
                 thereby
                 lost
                 ;
                 therefore
                 a
                 medium
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 observed
                 ,
                 which
                 no
                 body
                 has
                 yet
                 been
                 able
                 to
                 hit
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Germans
                 being
                 very
                 curious
                 and
                 industrious
                 in
                 Chymical
                 concerns
                 ,
                 have
                 found
                 out
                 several
                 kinds
                 of
                 Phosphorus
                 ,
                 and
                 I
                 do
                 not
                 doubt
                 but
                 upon
                 working
                 further
                 upon
                 this
                 subject
                 much
                 may
                 still
                 be
                 done
                 .
                 Among
                 those
                 who
                 have
                 particularly
                 applied
                 themselves
                 to
                 it
                 Balduinus
                 a
                 German
                 has
                 invented
                 a
                 sort
                 of
                 Phosphorus
                 ,
                 whose
                 description
                 I
                 shall
                 give
                 anon
                 ;
                 Kunkelius
                 a
                 Saxon
                 has
                 written
                 very
                 well
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 workt
                 to
                 good
                 effect
                 ;
                 
                   Daniel
                   Kraff
                
                 a
                 German
                 Chymist
                 is
                 the
                 first
                 inventor
                 of
                 the
                 Phosphorus
                 which
                 is
                 drawn
                 from
                 Urine
                 ,
                 he
                 gives
                 it
                 the
                 consistence
                 of
                 a
                 paste
                 ,
                 or
                 of
                 a
                 liquor
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 pleases
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Honourable
                 Mr.
                 Boyle
                 of
                 London
                 ,
                 to
                 whom
                 all
                 the
                 ingenious
                 have
                 so
                 much
                 obligation
                 ,
                 put
                 forth
                 a
                 Treatise
                 in
                 English
                 about
                 three
                 or
                 four
                 years
                 ago
                 ,
                 called
                 
                   Noctiluca
                   Aeria
                
                 ,
                 full
                 of
                 abundance
                 of
                 Experiments
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 Curious
                 Remarks
                 which
                 he
                 has
                 made
                 upon
                 this
                 Phosphorus
                 ;
                 he
                 likewise
                 found
                 the
                 way
                 to
                 give
                 it
                 a
                 solid
                 consistence
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 little
                 while
                 since
                 he
                 put
                 forth
                 the
                 same
                 Treatise
                 in
                 Latin
                 enlarged
                 above
                 half
                 with
                 new
                 Experiments
                 and
                 Observations
                 on
                 the
                 same
                 subject
                 .
              
               
                 You
                 must
                 provide
                 a
                 great
                 quantity
                 of
                 Urine
                 for
                 this
                 Operation
                 ,
                 for
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 is
                 necessary
                 to
                 draw
                 
                 a
                 little
                 luminous
                 matter
                 from
                 .
                 The
                 vessel
                 in
                 which
                 it
                 is
                 put
                 to
                 ferment
                 is
                 left
                 open
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 air
                 entring
                 into
                 it
                 may
                 help
                 the
                 fermentation
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 truth
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 volatile
                 salts
                 are
                 hereby
                 lost
                 ,
                 but
                 yet
                 there
                 do
                 remain
                 sufficient
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 Phosphorus
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Urine
                 upon
                 evaporation
                 begins
                 to
                 grow
                 thick
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 take
                 care
                 that
                 the
                 matter
                 does
                 not
                 swell
                 over
                 the
                 vessel
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 rarifies
                 very
                 much
                 ;
                 you
                 must
                 evaporate
                 as
                 much
                 phlegm
                 as
                 possibly
                 you
                 can
                 when
                 the
                 evaporation
                 is
                 made
                 in
                 the
                 earthen
                 pans
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 that
                 the
                 operation
                 be
                 sooner
                 ended
                 in
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 for
                 there
                 is
                 much
                 less
                 time
                 spent
                 in
                 the
                 evaporation
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 much
                 more
                 easie
                 to
                 keep
                 down
                 the
                 matter
                 when
                 it
                 swells
                 in
                 earthen
                 pans
                 ,
                 than
                 in
                 a
                 body
                 which
                 is
                 luted
                 ,
                 and
                 has
                 its
                 head
                 on
                 .
                 The
                 body
                 must
                 therefore
                 be
                 sure
                 to
                 be
                 large
                 enough
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 this
                 rarefaction
                 of
                 the
                 matter
                 ,
                 which
                 will
                 be
                 apt
                 otherwise
                 to
                 rise
                 into
                 the
                 head
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 mix
                 in
                 the
                 receiver
                 with
                 the
                 distilled
                 liquor
                 ,
                 which
                 would
                 force
                 you
                 to
                 begin
                 the
                 distillation
                 anew
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 vessels
                 are
                 unluted
                 ,
                 you
                 may
                 take
                 the
                 Volatile
                 salt
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 head
                 ,
                 if
                 there
                 remains
                 any
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 rectifie
                 it
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 shewed
                 speaking
                 of
                 the
                 distillation
                 of
                 Urine
                 ,
                 but
                 you
                 will
                 find
                 little
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 this
                 salt
                 was
                 lost
                 in
                 the
                 fermentation
                 ;
                 you
                 might
                 also
                 preserve
                 the
                 liquor
                 which
                 is
                 separated
                 from
                 the
                 oil
                 in
                 the
                 filtration
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Urine
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 compact
                 matter
                 which
                 remains
                 in
                 the
                 body
                 after
                 that
                 the
                 spongy
                 part
                 is
                 separated
                 ,
                 is
                 fixed
                 and
                 saline
                 ;
                 you
                 might
                 calcine
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 draw
                 from
                 it
                 a
                 fixed
                 Salt
                 of
                 Urine
                 by
                 a
                 Lixivium
                 ,
                 as
                 other
                 fixed
                 alkali
                 salts
                 are
                 separated
                 .
              
               
               
                 You
                 must
                 heat
                 the
                 Retort
                 very
                 gently
                 ,
                 for
                 if
                 you
                 should
                 make
                 too
                 great
                 a
                 fire
                 at
                 first
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 break
                 it
                 to
                 pieces
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Oil
                 which
                 is
                 separated
                 from
                 the
                 Phosphorus
                 at
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 operation
                 is
                 a
                 little
                 luminous
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 is
                 very
                 foetid
                 ;
                 there
                 is
                 but
                 little
                 of
                 it
                 because
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 it
                 has
                 been
                 rarefied
                 by
                 the
                 fire
                 ,
                 and
                 turned
                 into
                 Phosphorus
                 .
              
               
                 Mr.
                 Boyle
                 gives
                 a
                 description
                 of
                 the
                 Phosphorus
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 he
                 puts
                 to
                 the
                 thickned
                 Urine
                 three
                 times
                 as
                 much
                 sand
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Phosphorus
                 contains
                 more
                 sulphur
                 than
                 any
                 thing
                 else
                 ,
                 for
                 water
                 condenses
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 oyls
                 dissolve
                 it
                 ;
                 it
                 has
                 an
                 offensive
                 smell
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 partly
                 to
                 correct
                 the
                 smell
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 dissolved
                 in
                 Oil
                 of
                 Cloves
                 ,
                 when
                 we
                 make
                 it
                 liquid
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 liquid
                 Phosphorus
                 gives
                 more
                 light
                 at
                 first
                 than
                 the
                 solid
                 ,
                 because
                 its
                 matter
                 is
                 more
                 rarefied
                 .
                 Open
                 but
                 the
                 bottle
                 in
                 the
                 dark
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 appears
                 to
                 be
                 all
                 of
                 a
                 fire
                 .
                 You
                 might
                 use
                 Oil
                 of
                 Cinnamon
                 instead
                 of
                 Oil
                 of
                 Cloves
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 light
                 would
                 be
                 still
                 the
                 greater
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 Essence
                 of
                 Cinnamon
                 are
                 more
                 volatile
                 than
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 Essence
                 of
                 Cloves
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 would
                 endure
                 the
                 less
                 time
                 for
                 the
                 same
                 reason
                 .
                 Add
                 to
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Oil
                 of
                 Cinnamon
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 dear
                 commodity
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 should
                 fire
                 a
                 little
                 piece
                 of
                 the
                 solid
                 Phosphorus
                 with
                 a
                 Burning-glass
                 ,
                 and
                 quench
                 it
                 when
                 two
                 thirds
                 of
                 the
                 quantity
                 are
                 consumed
                 ,
                 that
                 which
                 remains
                 will
                 be
                 yellow
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 little
                 luminous
                 still
                 ;
                 it
                 will
                 easily
                 dissolve
                 in
                 water
                 .
                 This
                 Experiment
                 shews
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 more
                 fixed
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Phosphorus
                 is
                 saline
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 dissolves
                 in
                 water
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 Phosphorus
                 is
                 luminous
                 in
                 the
                 dark
                 at
                 all
                 times
                 ,
                 but
                 especially
                 in
                 hot
                 weather
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 cold
                 does
                 a
                 little
                 constringe
                 the
                 parts
                 .
                 If
                 you
                 take
                 a
                 little
                 piece
                 of
                 the
                 Solid
                 ,
                 or
                 even
                 the
                 stopple
                 of
                 the
                 bottle
                 that
                 contains
                 the
                 liquid
                 ,
                 and
                 write
                 with
                 it
                 on
                 paper
                 ,
                 or
                 upon
                 the
                 hand
                 of
                 a
                 person
                 ,
                 the
                 letters
                 do
                 seem
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 perfect
                 fire
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 you
                 rub
                 a
                 little
                 piece
                 of
                 the
                 solid
                 Phosphorus
                 on
                 paper
                 ,
                 and
                 press
                 it
                 down
                 with
                 the
                 point
                 of
                 a
                 knife
                 ,
                 the
                 paper
                 will
                 be
                 set
                 on
                 fire
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 some
                 Experiments
                 made
                 one
                 day
                 at
                 my
                 house
                 upon
                 the
                 Phosphorus
                 ,
                 a
                 little
                 piece
                 of
                 it
                 being
                 left
                 negligently
                 upon
                 the
                 Table
                 in
                 my
                 Chamber
                 ,
                 the
                 maid
                 making
                 the
                 bed
                 took
                 it
                 up
                 in
                 the
                 bed-clothes
                 she
                 had
                 put
                 upon
                 the
                 Table
                 ,
                 not
                 seeing
                 the
                 little
                 piece
                 :
                 the
                 person
                 who
                 lay
                 afterwards
                 in
                 the
                 bed
                 ,
                 waking
                 at
                 night
                 ,
                 perhaps
                 through
                 the
                 more
                 than
                 ordinary
                 heat
                 he
                 felt
                 ,
                 perceived
                 that
                 the
                 coverlid
                 was
                 on
                 fire
                 .
                 It
                 seems
                 the
                 Phosphorus
                 being
                 heated
                 with
                 the
                 body
                 of
                 him
                 that
                 lay
                 in
                 bed
                 had
                 set
                 fire
                 to
                 the
                 coverlid
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 before
                 he
                 perceived
                 it
                 burnt
                 a
                 great
                 hole
                 in
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 observable
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 air
                 lighting
                 the
                 fire
                 by
                 exciting
                 the
                 motion
                 of
                 parts
                 in
                 the
                 Phosphorus
                 ,
                 does
                 likewise
                 make
                 it
                 yield
                 a
                 considerable
                 light
                 ;
                 for
                 when
                 the
                 matter
                 has
                 continued
                 shut
                 some
                 time
                 in
                 the
                 glass
                 ,
                 it
                 shines
                 no
                 longer
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 recovers
                 its
                 light
                 no
                 more
                 until
                 the
                 glass
                 is
                 opened
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 air
                 is
                 let
                 into
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 Nevertheless
                 some
                 Experiments
                 made
                 a
                 while
                 since
                 in
                 Paris
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 house
                 of
                 Monsieur
                 
                   d'
                   Alence
                
                 ,
                 by
                 Mr.
                 Homberg
                 a
                 German
                 ,
                 do
                 seem
                 to
                 evince
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 air
                 is
                 not
                 always
                 necessary
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 Phosphorus
                 shine
                 in
                 the
                 dark
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 case
                 was
                 thus
                 :
                 a
                 very
                 little
                 piece
                 of
                 the
                 solid
                 Phosphorus
                 was
                 put
                 into
                 a
                 little
                 glass
                 bottle
                 ;
                 a
                 brass
                 cock
                 was
                 fitted
                 to
                 this
                 bottle
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 so
                 as
                 it
                 could
                 enter
                 into
                 another
                 cock
                 belonging
                 to
                 a
                 large
                 glass
                 Receiver
                 .
                 Then
                 the
                 bottle
                 that
                 contained
                 the
                 Phosphorus
                 was
                 heated
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 cock
                 of
                 this
                 bottle
                 was
                 made
                 to
                 enter
                 into
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 glass
                 vessel
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 which
                 the
                 air
                 had
                 been
                 pumped
                 .
                 So
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 cocks
                 were
                 opened
                 ,
                 the
                 air
                 came
                 forth
                 of
                 the
                 little
                 bottle
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 was
                 seen
                 to
                 come
                 a
                 great
                 train
                 of
                 light
                 like
                 a
                 flash
                 ;
                 nay
                 some
                 did
                 discover
                 particles
                 of
                 the
                 Phosphorus
                 at
                 the
                 bottom
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 glass
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 bottle
                 was
                 then
                 taken
                 from
                 the
                 receiver
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 light
                 of
                 the
                 Phosphorus
                 was
                 very
                 much
                 diminished
                 :
                 it
                 sometimes
                 seemed
                 to
                 be
                 quite
                 out
                 ,
                 the
                 cock
                 was
                 turned
                 to
                 let
                 in
                 the
                 air
                 ,
                 and
                 presently
                 the
                 Phosphorus
                 recovered
                 its
                 light
                 again
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Phosphorus
                 grew
                 less
                 and
                 less
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 yielded
                 but
                 a
                 weak
                 light
                 .
                 We
                 began
                 the
                 Experiment
                 again
                 ,
                 the
                 same
                 bottle
                 that
                 had
                 the
                 Phosphorus
                 was
                 applied
                 to
                 the
                 great
                 glass
                 receiver
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 the
                 air
                 was
                 drawn
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 bottle
                 ,
                 the
                 Phosphorus
                 did
                 shine
                 brighter
                 ;
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 when
                 we
                 let
                 the
                 air
                 again
                 into
                 it
                 ,
                 the
                 Phosphorus
                 went
                 out
                 :
                 which
                 is
                 quite
                 different
                 from
                 what
                 hapned
                 whilst
                 the
                 bottle
                 that
                 held
                 the
                 Phosphorus
                 was
                 hot
                 in
                 the
                 former
                 Experiment
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 repeated
                 the
                 Experiments
                 divers
                 times
                 ,
                 and
                 saw
                 the
                 same
                 thing
                 continually
                 happen
                 :
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 the
                 Phosphorus
                 being
                 heated
                 lost
                 much
                 of
                 its
                 light
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 air
                 was
                 pumped
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 bottle
                 wherein
                 it
                 was
                 contained
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 recovered
                 light
                 again
                 when
                 new
                 air
                 was
                 let
                 into
                 it
                 :
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 
                 the
                 Phosphorus
                 being
                 cold
                 did
                 shine
                 when
                 the
                 air
                 was
                 pumped
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 bottle
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 light
                 disappeared
                 when
                 the
                 air
                 was
                 let
                 into
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 suffices
                 to
                 have
                 related
                 two
                 Experiments
                 ,
                 as
                 contrary
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 as
                 can
                 be
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 easie
                 to
                 judge
                 what
                 would
                 happen
                 when
                 the
                 Phosphorus
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 hot
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 Experiment
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 altogether
                 so
                 cold
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 second
                 ,
                 the
                 alteration
                 of
                 the
                 least
                 circumstance
                 quite
                 alters
                 the
                 Experiment
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 same
                 things
                 always
                 happens
                 in
                 proportion
                 with
                 those
                 already
                 described
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 made
                 another
                 Experiment
                 thus
                 :
                 we
                 put
                 a
                 little
                 piece
                 of
                 the
                 solid
                 Phosphorus
                 into
                 a
                 crystal
                 vessel
                 ,
                 and
                 we
                 poured
                 upon
                 it
                 a
                 very
                 fixt
                 acid
                 liquor
                 ,
                 I
                 think
                 it
                 was
                 
                   Oil
                   of
                   Vitriol
                
                 ,
                 a
                 great
                 fume
                 arose
                 from
                 the
                 mixture
                 ;
                 we
                 stopt
                 the
                 bottle
                 with
                 paper
                 ,
                 and
                 stirred
                 the
                 matter
                 several
                 times
                 after
                 having
                 left
                 it
                 some
                 hours
                 in
                 digestion
                 .
                 We
                 lookt
                 upon
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 dark
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 appeared
                 luminous
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 were
                 stopt
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 has
                 still
                 been
                 alike
                 luminous
                 from
                 about
                 two
                 months
                 ago
                 until
                 the
                 present
                 .
                 Indeed
                 the
                 light
                 of
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 great
                 as
                 is
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Phosphorus
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 keeps
                 a
                 much
                 longer
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 That
                 which
                 is
                 surprizing
                 in
                 these
                 Experiments
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 air
                 does
                 sometimes
                 make
                 the
                 Phosphorus
                 shine
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 not
                 .
                 Now
                 to
                 explicate
                 this
                 difficulty
                 ,
                 I
                 do
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 Experiment
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 luminous
                 matter
                 of
                 the
                 Phosphorus
                 did
                 fly
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 bottle
                 into
                 the
                 receiver
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 that
                 which
                 remained
                 in
                 the
                 bottle
                 after
                 it
                 was
                 separated
                 from
                 the
                 receiver
                 ,
                 being
                 deprived
                 of
                 its
                 most
                 subtle
                 sulphurs
                 ,
                 was
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 give
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 light
                 as
                 before
                 ;
                 nevertheless
                 the
                 
                 matter
                 still
                 retaining
                 a
                 little
                 warmth
                 ,
                 there
                 did
                 rise
                 from
                 it
                 enough
                 particles
                 to
                 give
                 a
                 light
                 when
                 the
                 bottle
                 was
                 unstopt
                 ,
                 but
                 because
                 by
                 the
                 cold
                 the
                 little
                 bodies
                 do
                 condense
                 ,
                 and
                 lose
                 very
                 much
                 of
                 their
                 motion
                 ,
                 this
                 Phosphorus
                 likewise
                 loses
                 much
                 of
                 its
                 strength
                 ,
                 and
                 gives
                 but
                 a
                 languid
                 or
                 weak
                 light
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 air
                 was
                 drawn
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 bottle
                 ,
                 the
                 matter
                 lookt
                 very
                 light
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 the
                 air
                 was
                 let
                 to
                 it
                 again
                 ,
                 it
                 went
                 out
                 ,
                 the
                 reason
                 whereof
                 is
                 that
                 the
                 light
                 being
                 weak
                 ,
                 could
                 not
                 preserve
                 its
                 self
                 but
                 with
                 a
                 convenient
                 proportion
                 of
                 air
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 was
                 some
                 remaining
                 still
                 in
                 the
                 bottle
                 ,
                 for
                 though
                 the
                 air
                 be
                 never
                 so
                 much
                 pumped
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 vessel
                 there
                 will
                 still
                 remain
                 a
                 little
                 behind
                 .
                 The
                 Phosphorus
                 loses
                 its
                 light
                 by
                 the
                 usual
                 great
                 quantity
                 of
                 air
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 little
                 candle
                 will
                 be
                 put
                 out
                 by
                 being
                 exposed
                 to
                 the
                 wide
                 air
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 small
                 fire
                 will
                 soon
                 go
                 out
                 ,
                 when
                 too
                 great
                 a
                 wind
                 blows
                 strongly
                 upon
                 it
                 .
                 So
                 long
                 as
                 the
                 Phosphorus
                 sends
                 forth
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 vapours
                 ,
                 a
                 good
                 deal
                 of
                 air
                 is
                 requisite
                 to
                 make
                 it
                 appear
                 luminous
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 little
                 air
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 sufficient
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 when
                 the
                 Phosphorus
                 was
                 hot
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 not
                 shine
                 ,
                 until
                 the
                 bottle
                 was
                 unstopt
                 ,
                 but
                 when
                 it
                 was
                 cold
                 ,
                 it
                 sent
                 forth
                 only
                 weak
                 vapors
                 ,
                 wherefore
                 then
                 a
                 very
                 little
                 air
                 sufficed
                 to
                 make
                 it
                 shine
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 it
                 received
                 too
                 much
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 thereby
                 suffocated
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 last
                 Experiment
                 made
                 in
                 the
                 little
                 Crystal
                 bottle
                 does
                 further
                 very
                 well
                 prove
                 my
                 explication
                 :
                 the
                 fixt
                 acid
                 liquor
                 which
                 was
                 poured
                 upon
                 the
                 Phosphorus
                 ,
                 did
                 slacken
                 the
                 motion
                 of
                 its
                 parts
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 from
                 that
                 time
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 display
                 their
                 light
                 with
                 so
                 much
                 vigour
                 as
                 they
                 did
                 ;
                 wherefore
                 
                 a
                 very
                 little
                 sufficed
                 to
                 continue
                 its
                 light
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 paper-stopple
                 served
                 to
                 give
                 it
                 sufficient
                 air
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 the
                 bottle
                 was
                 stopt
                 closely
                 with
                 its
                 Crystal
                 stopple
                 ,
                 no
                 more
                 light
                 was
                 seen
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 afterwards
                 ,
                 because
                 that
                 stopple
                 did
                 wholly
                 hinder
                 the
                 entrance
                 of
                 air
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 likewise
                 the
                 fixing
                 of
                 the
                 Volatile
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Phosphorus
                 ,
                 which
                 preserves
                 the
                 light
                 so
                 long
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 matter
                 having
                 now
                 less
                 motion
                 than
                 before
                 it
                 was
                 fixed
                 ,
                 its
                 parts
                 do
                 come
                 to
                 be
                 dissipated
                 with
                 the
                 more
                 leasure
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 you
                 will
                 tell
                 me
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 great
                 fume
                 which
                 exhaled
                 from
                 it
                 when
                 the
                 acid
                 liquor
                 was
                 poured
                 upon
                 the
                 Phosphorus
                 ,
                 is
                 rather
                 a
                 sign
                 of
                 a
                 greater
                 than
                 less
                 dissipation
                 of
                 parts
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 grant
                 that
                 when
                 this
                 acid
                 acts
                 upon
                 the
                 matter
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 a
                 considerable
                 exaltation
                 of
                 parts
                 ,
                 but
                 I
                 say
                 also
                 that
                 when
                 this
                 great
                 motion
                 is
                 once
                 over
                 ,
                 that
                 which
                 remains
                 is
                 in
                 much
                 less
                 agitation
                 than
                 it
                 was
                 ,
                 and
                 you
                 must
                 observe
                 that
                 the
                 strong
                 acids
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 
                   Oil
                   of
                   Vitriol
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Niter
                
                 upon
                 being
                 mixed
                 with
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 do
                 cause
                 a
                 much
                 like
                 fume
                 as
                 this
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 afterwards
                 the
                 
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Wine
                
                 is
                 much
                 less
                 volatile
                 than
                 it
                 was
                 .
              
               
                 Again
                 the
                 light
                 of
                 the
                 Phosphorus
                 which
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 little
                 crystal
                 bottle
                 that
                 is
                 stopt
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 said
                 to
                 be
                 partly
                 caused
                 by
                 an
                 air
                 which
                 is
                 produced
                 by
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 fermentation
                 ,
                 for
                 doubtless
                 there
                 is
                 some
                 little
                 action
                 between
                 the
                 acid
                 and
                 the
                 matter
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 find
                 therefore
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 parity
                 of
                 reason
                 in
                 the
                 explication
                 of
                 the
                 light
                 which
                 appeared
                 in
                 the
                 viol
                 after
                 the
                 air
                 was
                 pumped
                 out
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 seen
                 in
                 the
                 little
                 crystal
                 bottle
                 stop'd
                 .
              
               
               
                 It
                 is
                 further
                 remarkable
                 that
                 this
                 same
                 Phosphorus
                 which
                 went
                 quite
                 out
                 ,
                 when
                 air
                 was
                 let
                 into
                 it
                 by
                 means
                 of
                 the
                 Pneumatick
                 Engine
                 ,
                 yet
                 did
                 not
                 altogether
                 lose
                 its
                 light
                 when
                 it
                 received
                 the
                 air
                 the
                 common
                 way
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 meerly
                 by
                 unstopping
                 the
                 bottle
                 ,
                 whereof
                 the
                 reason
                 is
                 this
                 ,
                 the
                 air
                 that
                 is
                 communicated
                 from
                 the
                 Air-pump
                 comes
                 in
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 force
                 and
                 violence
                 through
                 the
                 pipe
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 may
                 very
                 well
                 put
                 out
                 the
                 light
                 of
                 the
                 Phosphorus
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 air
                 that
                 has
                 its
                 ordinary
                 motion
                 is
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 do
                 ;
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 as
                 a
                 candle
                 lighted
                 is
                 much
                 sooner
                 put
                 out
                 when
                 exposed
                 to
                 a
                 blast
                 of
                 wind
                 ,
                 than
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 set
                 in
                 a
                 place
                 where
                 the
                 air
                 is
                 quiet
                 .
              
               
                 From
                 considering
                 all
                 the
                 kinds
                 of
                 Phosphorus
                 ,
                 both
                 Natural
                 and
                 Artificial
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Experiments
                 that
                 have
                 been
                 made
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 I
                 cannot
                 but
                 conclude
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 general
                 cause
                 of
                 the
                 light
                 they
                 give
                 does
                 proceed
                 from
                 a
                 very
                 great
                 agitation
                 of
                 insensible
                 parts
                 ;
                 and
                 whereas
                 it
                 is
                 very
                 probable
                 that
                 fire
                 is
                 only
                 a
                 very
                 violent
                 motion
                 of
                 little
                 bodies
                 round
                 their
                 center
                 ,
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 our
                 Phosphorus
                 may
                 be
                 said
                 to
                 have
                 received
                 the
                 same
                 determination
                 by
                 the
                 fermentations
                 it
                 has
                 undergone
                 ;
                 for
                 Wood
                 never
                 shines
                 in
                 the
                 dark
                 until
                 it
                 is
                 become
                 rotten
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 until
                 it
                 has
                 undergone
                 a
                 sufficient
                 fermentation
                 to
                 make
                 its
                 most
                 subtile
                 parts
                 move
                 nimbly
                 round
                 their
                 center
                 .
                 The
                 
                   Bolonian
                   stone
                
                 is
                 not
                 luminous
                 until
                 it
                 has
                 been
                 calcined
                 a
                 certain
                 time
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 excite
                 a
                 motion
                 of
                 its
                 parts
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Viper
                 being
                 irritated
                 darts
                 forth
                 its
                 tongue
                 with
                 so
                 much
                 quickness
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 appears
                 all
                 on
                 fire
                 .
                 Many
                 little
                 creatures
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 some
                 kinds
                 of
                 Caterpillars
                 ,
                 and
                 Woodlice
                 do
                 shine
                 in
                 the
                 night
                 ,
                 because
                 
                 they
                 have
                 a
                 matter
                 so
                 exceeding
                 subtile
                 towards
                 their
                 tail
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 produces
                 a
                 sort
                 of
                 fire
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 is
                 for
                 the
                 same
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 motion
                 of
                 parts
                 that
                 Vrine
                 does
                 become
                 luminous
                 .
              
               
                 That
                 which
                 gave
                 occasion
                 to
                 the
                 working
                 upon
                 Vrine
                 for
                 the
                 making
                 of
                 the
                 Phosphorus
                 was
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 some
                 little
                 holes
                 of
                 the
                 earth
                 wherein
                 there
                 had
                 been
                 standing-puddles
                 of
                 Vrine
                 ,
                 a
                 light
                 had
                 been
                 observed
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 at
                 nights
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 you
                 will
                 ask
                 me
                 then
                 ,
                 why
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 mixt
                 bodies
                 do
                 yield
                 no
                 light
                 ,
                 although
                 the
                 same
                 means
                 are
                 used
                 to
                 excite
                 a
                 motion
                 of
                 their
                 parts
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 answer
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 mixt
                 bodies
                 have
                 not
                 their
                 insensible
                 parts
                 so
                 disposed
                 to
                 a
                 rapid
                 motion
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 such
                 a
                 manner
                 as
                 those
                 I
                 have
                 now
                 spoken
                 of
                 .
                 Wood
                 indeed
                 will
                 easily
                 enough
                 flame
                 ,
                 but
                 you
                 can't
                 make
                 a
                 flame
                 with
                 stones
                 ,
                 because
                 you
                 cannot
                 give
                 stones
                 the
                 same
                 determination
                 to
                 motion
                 of
                 parts
                 ,
                 as
                 you
                 can
                 to
                 wood
                 .
                 To
                 give
                 light
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 fire
                 ,
                 bodies
                 must
                 be
                 compounded
                 of
                 sulphureous
                 parts
                 ,
                 for
                 sulphurs
                 are
                 very
                 susceptible
                 of
                 motion
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 do
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 doubt
                 but
                 an
                 infinite
                 number
                 of
                 things
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 imagination
                 of
                 at
                 present
                 ,
                 might
                 serve
                 to
                 the
                 making
                 of
                 Phosphorus
                 ,
                 when
                 inquisitive
                 men
                 shall
                 have
                 a
                 mind
                 to
                 try
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 has
                 been
                 observ'd
                 in
                 many
                 men
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 they
                 have
                 been
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 rage
                 ,
                 or
                 are
                 become
                 extream
                 Cholerick
                 ,
                 the
                 very
                 hair
                 of
                 their
                 head
                 has
                 shone
                 brighter
                 than
                 usual
                 ;
                 and
                 we
                 need
                 not
                 be
                 scrupulous
                 in
                 believing
                 what
                 is
                 said
                 of
                 Alexander
                 the
                 Great
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 hotly
                 engaged
                 in
                 the
                 battle
                 ,
                 fire
                 was
                 seen
                 to
                 sparkle
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 eyes
                 ,
                 
                 because
                 his
                 humors
                 were
                 then
                 in
                 an
                 extraordinary
                 commotion
                 .
              
               
                 What
                 I
                 have
                 now
                 said
                 may
                 pass
                 for
                 a
                 general
                 explication
                 on
                 this
                 matter
                 ,
                 but
                 if
                 we
                 should
                 descend
                 into
                 particulars
                 nicely
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 very
                 hard
                 to
                 clear
                 so
                 well
                 as
                 could
                 be
                 wished
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 doubts
                 that
                 have
                 been
                 raised
                 :
                 for
                 example
                 ,
                 wherein
                 consists
                 the
                 difference
                 of
                 fermentations
                 ,
                 which
                 of
                 many
                 like
                 matters
                 makes
                 this
                 to
                 shine
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 not
                 to
                 shine
                 ,
                 although
                 they
                 do
                 seem
                 to
                 have
                 undergone
                 the
                 same
                 fermentations
                 and
                 elaborations
                 in
                 a
                 like
                 space
                 of
                 time
                 .
                 Why
                 some
                 things
                 that
                 have
                 fermented
                 but
                 little
                 do
                 give
                 a
                 light
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 nature
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 have
                 fermented
                 as
                 long
                 and
                 longer
                 ,
                 yet
                 give
                 no
                 light
                 .
                 Why
                 one
                 side
                 of
                 a
                 matter
                 shall
                 be
                 luminous
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 shall
                 not
                 be
                 ;
                 we
                 ought
                 to
                 have
                 a
                 very
                 perfect
                 knowledge
                 of
                 the
                 structure
                 and
                 the
                 order
                 of
                 the
                 insensible
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 matter
                 ,
                 to
                 give
                 good
                 substantial
                 reasons
                 for
                 the
                 resolution
                 of
                 these
                 doubts
                 .
              
               
                 Sometimes
                 there
                 have
                 been
                 found
                 in
                 the
                 Shambles
                 pieces
                 of
                 Veal
                 ,
                 Mutton
                 ,
                 Beef
                 ,
                 which
                 do
                 shine
                 in
                 the
                 dark
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 have
                 been
                 but
                 newly
                 killed
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 other
                 pieces
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 kind
                 killed
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 shall
                 not
                 shine
                 at
                 all
                 .
                 Nay
                 ,
                 this
                 very
                 year
                 was
                 seen
                 at
                 Orleans
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 very
                 temperate
                 season
                 ,
                 a
                 great
                 quantity
                 of
                 meat
                 of
                 this
                 sort
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 it
                 would
                 shine
                 all
                 over
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 of
                 it
                 would
                 shine
                 only
                 in
                 some
                 certain
                 places
                 ,
                 in
                 form
                 of
                 Stars
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 likewise
                 observed
                 that
                 with
                 some
                 Butchers
                 almost
                 all
                 their
                 meat
                 was
                 found
                 to
                 be
                 luminous
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 other
                 Butchers
                 there
                 was
                 not
                 a
                 bit
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 of
                 that
                 kind
                 .
                 Men
                 concluded
                 
                 presently
                 that
                 such
                 flesh
                 as
                 this
                 was
                 altogether
                 unwholsome
                 to
                 eat
                 of
                 ,
                 they
                 therefore
                 flung
                 away
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 it
                 into
                 the
                 river
                 ,
                 and
                 several
                 Butchers
                 there
                 had
                 like
                 to
                 be
                 ruined
                 by
                 this
                 accident
                 ;
                 but
                 at
                 last
                 perceiving
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 such
                 quantities
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 some
                 people
                 ventured
                 to
                 eat
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 it
                 was
                 found
                 to
                 be
                 as
                 good
                 meat
                 as
                 any
                 other
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 conceive
                 that
                 this
                 Phenomenon
                 may
                 be
                 imputed
                 to
                 two
                 causes
                 .
              
               
                 First
                 to
                 the
                 Pasturage
                 of
                 the
                 beasts
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 is
                 certain
                 that
                 in
                 some
                 countries
                 the
                 herbs
                 are
                 more
                 spirituous
                 than
                 in
                 others
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 do
                 give
                 such
                 an
                 active
                 impression
                 to
                 the
                 humors
                 of
                 those
                 beasts
                 who
                 feed
                 on
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 have
                 a
                 disposition
                 to
                 the
                 making
                 this
                 Phosphorus
                 .
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 To
                 these
                 beasts
                 having
                 been
                 heated
                 more
                 than
                 others
                 in
                 their
                 driving
                 upon
                 the
                 road
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 to
                 their
                 having
                 been
                 killed
                 before
                 they
                 had
                 sufficiently
                 rested
                 after
                 their
                 journey
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 spirits
                 being
                 put
                 into
                 a
                 great
                 motion
                 thereby
                 ,
                 do
                 not
                 every
                 where
                 lose
                 it
                 after
                 the
                 beast
                 is
                 killed
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 long
                 as
                 the
                 spirits
                 do
                 continue
                 their
                 rapid
                 motion
                 ,
                 so
                 long
                 the
                 Phosphorus
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 ,
                 but
                 when
                 the
                 flesh
                 begins
                 to
                 stink
                 ,
                 there
                 appears
                 no
                 more
                 light
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 because
                 these
                 vigorous
                 spirits
                 are
                 then
                 spent
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 they
                 come
                 to
                 be
                 confused
                 in
                 the
                 meat
                 by
                 the
                 means
                 of
                 another
                 fermentation
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 you
                 will
                 not
                 fail
                 to
                 make
                 me
                 this
                 Objection
                 :
                 If
                 the
                 Phosphorus
                 does
                 consist
                 in
                 a
                 violent
                 motion
                 of
                 the
                 insensible
                 parts
                 ,
                 then
                 stinking
                 meat
                 should
                 be
                 more
                 luminous
                 than
                 that
                 which
                 was
                 newly
                 killed
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 smell
                 proceeds
                 from
                 the
                 separation
                 of
                 the
                 principles
                 of
                 a
                 mixt
                 body
                 by
                 fermentation
                 ,
                 which
                 as
                 they
                 rise
                 from
                 it
                 do
                 strike
                 the
                 
                 nerve
                 of
                 Smelling
                 ,
                 wherefore
                 there
                 must
                 needs
                 be
                 a
                 greater
                 motion
                 of
                 parts
                 in
                 stinking
                 meat
                 than
                 in
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 fresh
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 answer
                 that
                 that
                 which
                 makes
                 the
                 Phosphorus
                 in
                 meat
                 newly
                 killed
                 is
                 a
                 matter
                 much
                 more
                 active
                 and
                 more
                 subtile
                 than
                 that
                 which
                 gives
                 the
                 ill
                 smell
                 to
                 stinking
                 meat
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 remainder
                 of
                 the
                 spirits
                 which
                 do
                 run
                 with
                 a
                 prodigious
                 swiftness
                 through
                 the
                 body
                 of
                 a
                 living
                 creature
                 in
                 all
                 its
                 parts
                 ,
                 and
                 unless
                 the
                 matter
                 be
                 in
                 this
                 degree
                 of
                 motion
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 never
                 become
                 lucid
                 ,
                 no
                 more
                 than
                 if
                 the
                 insensible
                 parts
                 of
                 inflammable
                 matters
                 be
                 not
                 put
                 into
                 a
                 very
                 rapid
                 motion
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 not
                 take
                 fire
                 .
              
               
                 Perhaps
                 also
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 that
                 the
                 meat
                 in
                 the
                 corrupting
                 might
                 receive
                 a
                 sufficient
                 agitation
                 of
                 parts
                 to
                 produce
                 light
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 happens
                 sometimes
                 in
                 the
                 standing
                 puddles
                 of
                 Urine
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 considering
                 the
                 light
                 which
                 appears
                 upon
                 the
                 surface
                 of
                 standing
                 Urines
                 ,
                 I
                 have
                 been
                 led
                 to
                 think
                 that
                 there
                 are
                 oftentimes
                 serosities
                 that
                 settle
                 in
                 the
                 bodies
                 of
                 sick
                 persons
                 which
                 might
                 be
                 in
                 a
                 condition
                 to
                 make
                 kinds
                 of
                 Phosphorus
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 but
                 air
                 enough
                 to
                 illuminate
                 them
                 ;
                 at
                 least
                 they
                 do
                 produce
                 the
                 effects
                 of
                 fire
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 Gouts
                 ,
                 in
                 Rheumatisms
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Erysipelas
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 abundance
                 of
                 other
                 Inflammations
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               The
               Hermetick
               PHOSPHORUS
               of
               BALDUINUS
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               a
               mixture
               of
               Chalk
               ,
               and
               the
               Acid
               Spirits
               of
               
                 Aqua
                 fortis
              
               ,
               which
               makes
               it
               lucid
               .
            
             
             
               Make
               red-hot
               about
               two
               pounds
               of
               Chalk
               ,
               then
               let
               it
               cool
               ,
               and
               powder
               it
               .
            
             
               Take
               a
               quantity
               of
               
                 Aqua
                 fortis
              
               ,
               for
               example
               a
               pound
               ,
               pour
               it
               into
               a
               great
               glass
               body
               ,
               and
               throw
               into
               it
               a
               spoonful
               of
               your
               calcined
               Chalk
               powdered
               ,
               it
               will
               make
               a
               strong
               ebullition
               ;
               when
               that
               shall
               be
               dissolved
               ,
               throw
               into
               it
               as
               much
               more
               ,
               and
               continue
               to
               do
               so
               until
               it
               makes
               no
               ebullition
               ;
               let
               the
               liquor
               settle
               ,
               and
               decant
               it
               into
               an
               earthen
               pan
               placed
               in
               sand
               ,
               and
               evaporate
               all
               the
               liquor
               with
               a
               little
               fire
               ,
               you
               will
               have
               remain
               a
               kind
               of
               salt
               at
               bottom
               .
            
             
               Put
               this
               salt
               into
               a
               Coppel
               ,
               or
               into
               an
               earthen
               pan
               unglazed
               ,
               set
               it
               in
               sand
               in
               a
               gentle
               heat
               ,
               the
               matter
               being
               heated
               will
               swell
               ,
               continue
               this
               gentle
               heat
               about
               an
               hour
               ,
               or
               until
               it
               be
               a
               little
               sunk
               ,
               cover
               it
               then
               with
               a
               cover
               or
               lid
               that
               has
               three
               or
               four
               holes
               in
               it
               ,
               increase
               the
               fire
               by
               little
               and
               little
               ,
               until
               it
               be
               strong
               enough
               to
               melt
               the
               matter
               ,
               and
               when
               it
               is
               melted
               you
               must
               expect
               to
               see
               a
               yellow
               vapour
               come
               forth
               through
               the
               holes
               of
               the
               lid
               :
               so
               soon
               as
               that
               appears
               you
               must
               take
               your
               vessel
               off
               the
               fire
               ,
               and
               having
               covered
               it
               with
               an
               earthen
               lid
               without
               holes
               instead
               of
               that
               with
               holes
               ,
               suffer
               it
               to
               cool
               .
            
             
               You
               will
               find
               on
               the
               sides
               of
               your
               vessel
               a
               border
               of
               yellow
               matter
               ,
               which
               is
               sometimes
               to
               the
               thickness
               of
               a
               finger
               ,
               this
               is
               the
               Phosphorus
               ,
               take
               it
               and
               keep
               it
               in
               a
               box
               well
               stopt
               in
               some
               dark
               place
               .
            
             
               When
               you
               would
               have
               it
               appear
               lucid
               in
               the
               dark
               ,
               you
               must
               expose
               it
               about
               a
               quarter
               of
               an
               hour
               to
               the
               light
               ,
               without
               which
               it
               will
               not
               shine
               in
               the
               dark
               .
            
             
               
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 Chalk
                 is
                 a
                 bituminous
                 earth
                 called
                 in
                 Latin
                 Creta
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 Isle
                 of
                 Crete
                 ,
                 where
                 there
                 is
                 abundance
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 It
                 likewise
                 abounds
                 in
                 many
                 other
                 Countries
                 .
                 Some
                 Authors
                 do
                 recount
                 three
                 sorts
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 the
                 white
                 ,
                 the
                 greenish
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 black
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 which
                 we
                 use
                 in
                 this
                 operation
                 is
                 the
                 common
                 ,
                 the
                 white
                 :
                 It
                 is
                 calcined
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 make
                 its
                 Sulphur
                 more
                 active
                 than
                 it
                 was
                 before
                 ;
                 the
                 more
                 volatile
                 part
                 of
                 it
                 flies
                 away
                 ,
                 but
                 there
                 is
                 still
                 enough
                 remaining
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 PHOSPHORVS
                 .
              
               
                 Although
                 Chalk
                 be
                 bituminous
                 ,
                 nevertheless
                 it
                 is
                 an
                 alkali
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Sulphurs
                 which
                 it
                 contains
                 in
                 small
                 quantity
                 are
                 not
                 capable
                 to
                 shut
                 the
                 pores
                 of
                 it
                 ;
                 and
                 besides
                 ,
                 the
                 calcination
                 opens
                 them
                 more
                 ,
                 and
                 disposes
                 this
                 earth
                 to
                 receive
                 more
                 easily
                 the
                 impression
                 of
                 acids
                 ,
                 which
                 plainly
                 shews
                 it self
                 by
                 the
                 strong
                 ebullition
                 that
                 happens
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 thrown
                 into
                 the
                 
                   Aqua
                   fortis
                
                 .
                 The
                 body
                 must
                 be
                 large
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Chalk
                 must
                 be
                 thrown
                 into
                 it
                 by
                 little
                 and
                 little
                 ,
                 to
                 hinder
                 the
                 matter
                 from
                 boiling
                 over
                 .
                 The
                 Chalk
                 does
                 all
                 of
                 it
                 dissolve
                 perfectly
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Aqua
                   fortis
                
                 ;
                 and
                 more
                 is
                 still
                 to
                 be
                 added
                 ,
                 until
                 there
                 be
                 no
                 further
                 ebullition
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 is
                 the
                 sign
                 that
                 the
                 acid
                 spirits
                 have
                 rarefied
                 the
                 matter
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 able
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 being
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 sheathed
                 or
                 locked
                 up
                 in
                 the
                 matter
                 ,
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 possibly
                 dissolve
                 any
                 more
                 of
                 it
                 ;
                 if
                 therefore
                 you
                 should
                 still
                 add
                 more
                 in
                 superfluity
                 ,
                 the
                 overplus
                 would
                 precipitate
                 to
                 the
                 bottom
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 
                   Aqua
                   fortis
                
                 you
                 use
                 is
                 good
                 ,
                 it
                 
                 dissolves
                 very
                 near
                 its
                 weight
                 in
                 Chalk
                 ;
                 the
                 solution
                 of
                 it
                 is
                 yellow
                 .
              
               
                 That
                 which
                 is
                 evaporated
                 is
                 the
                 more
                 phlegmatick
                 part
                 of
                 
                   Aqua
                   fortis
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 acid
                 Spirits
                 being
                 incorporated
                 with
                 the
                 Chalk
                 do
                 make
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 austere
                 salt
                 ;
                 this
                 salt
                 might
                 very
                 easily
                 be
                 dissolved
                 into
                 a
                 liquor
                 in
                 the
                 air
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 fit
                 that
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 very
                 dry
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 put
                 into
                 the
                 Coppel
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 operation
                 may
                 be
                 done
                 the
                 sooner
                 ;
                 the
                 vessel
                 is
                 covered
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 matter
                 may
                 be
                 the
                 more
                 easily
                 melted
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 cover
                 must
                 needs
                 have
                 holes
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 to
                 give
                 vent
                 to
                 the
                 vapours
                 which
                 rise
                 from
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 we
                 may
                 see
                 when
                 the
                 vapours
                 do
                 come
                 yellow
                 ,
                 that
                 we
                 may
                 then
                 immediately
                 take
                 the
                 vessel
                 off
                 the
                 fire
                 ,
                 for
                 these
                 yellow
                 vapours
                 are
                 they
                 that
                 make
                 the
                 Phosphorus
                 lucid
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 Calcination
                 you
                 find
                 at
                 bottom
                 of
                 the
                 pan
                 ,
                 or
                 coppel
                 ,
                 a
                 terrestrious
                 matter
                 which
                 must
                 be
                 flung
                 away
                 as
                 useless
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 order
                 to
                 preserve
                 this
                 Phosphorus
                 the
                 better
                 you
                 may
                 leave
                 it
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 vessel
                 wherein
                 it
                 was
                 Calcined
                 ,
                 but
                 you
                 must
                 stop
                 it
                 close
                 in
                 a
                 box
                 with
                 a
                 glass
                 lid
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 kept
                 in
                 a
                 shady
                 place
                 ,
                 that
                 its
                 parts
                 being
                 thereby
                 the
                 more
                 condensed
                 ,
                 they
                 may
                 spend
                 the
                 more
                 slowly
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 you
                 would
                 have
                 it
                 to
                 shine
                 in
                 the
                 dark
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 expose
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 air
                 about
                 a
                 quarter
                 of
                 an
                 hour
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 air
                 does
                 put
                 its
                 parts
                 into
                 a
                 motion
                 .
                 This
                 Phosphorus
                 is
                 in
                 its
                 effects
                 very
                 like
                 to
                 the
                 
                   Bolonian
                   stone
                
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 takes
                 the
                 air
                 much
                 sooner
                 than
                 this
                 stone
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 contains
                 abundantly
                 more
                 salt
                 ;
                 its
                 light
                 does
                 not
                 endure
                 so
                 long
                 as
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Phosphorus
                 which
                 I
                 described
                 before
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             III.
             
               Of
               Honey
            
             .
          
           
             HOney
             is
             compounded
             of
             the
             most
             Balsamick
             substance
             of
             several
             Flowers
             ,
             which
             the
             Bees
             do
             separate
             and
             carry
             into
             their
             Hives
             for
             nourishment
             .
             They
             do
             gather
             up
             and
             order
             this
             Honey
             most
             artificially
             ,
             as
             if
             they
             took
             special
             care
             to
             make
             provision
             against
             Winter
             ,
             and
             thereby
             they
             make
             way
             for
             the
             Fermentation
             which
             sends
             to
             the
             sides
             the
             grosser
             part
             which
             is
             like
             to
             a
             Tartar
             ,
             and
             called
             Wax
             ,
             the
             Honey
             being
             found
             in
             the
             middle
             ;
             the
             best
             to
             the
             taste
             is
             the
             White
             ,
             but
             for
             Physick
             the
             Yellow
             is
             the
             better
             ,
             as
             containing
             more
             Spirits
             than
             the
             other
             ;
             it
             must
             be
             of
             a
             moderate
             consistence
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             neither
             too
             hard
             ,
             nor
             too
             clear
             .
          
           
             A
             Hydromel
             is
             prepared
             with
             it
             for
             Diseases
             of
             the
             Breast
             .
          
           
             A
             
               Vinous
               Hydromel
            
             is
             made
             of
             water
             and
             
               clarified
               Honey
            
             ,
             then
             the
             liquor
             is
             put
             to
             Ferment
             in
             a
             vessel
             in
             the
             Sun
             ,
             until
             it
             is
             grown
             as
             strong
             as
             
               Spanish
               wine
            
             ;
             a
             Spirit
             may
             be
             drawn
             from
             it
             ;
             and
             Hydromel
             will
             grow
             as
             sowr
             as
             wine
             .
          
           
             
             
               Distillation
               of
               Honey
               .
            
             
               This
               preparation
               is
               a
               separation
               of
               the
               Water
               ,
               the
               Spirit
               ,
               and
               the
               Oil
               of
               Honey
               from
               its
               terrestrious
               part
               .
            
             
               Put
               four
               pounds
               of
               good
               Honey
               into
               a
               large
               earthen
               body
               ,
               and
               distil
               the
               water
               in
               a
               moderate
               Sand-heat
               ,
               until
               acid
               drops
               begin
               to
               come
               ;
               then
               take
               away
               the
               fire
               ,
               and
               keep
               this
               Water
               in
               a
               bottle
               ;
               it
               is
               good
               to
               make
               the
               hair
               grow
               ,
               you
               must
               either
               wet
               your
               Comb
               with
               it
               every
               day
               ,
               or
               else
               dip
               a
               piece
               of
               Spunge
               into
               it
               ,
               and
               therewith
               soak
               the
               roots
               of
               the
               hair
               .
            
             
               Take
               that
               which
               remains
               in
               the
               Body
               ,
               put
               it
               into
               an
               earthen
               Retort
               ,
               or
               glass
               one
               Coated
               ,
               but
               one
               that
               's
               large
               enough
               for
               two
               thirds
               to
               remain
               empty
               ,
               and
               place
               your
               Retort
               in
               a
               Reverberatory
               Furnace
               ;
               then
               fitting
               a
               large
               Receiver
               ,
               and
               luting
               the
               joints
               ,
               begin
               the
               distillation
               with
               a
               small
               fire
               for
               three
               hours
               only
               to
               warm
               the
               Retort
               ;
               then
               encrease
               it
               by
               little
               and
               little
               ,
               Spirits
               will
               come
               forth
               with
               a
               little
               black
               Oil
               ,
               and
               fill
               the
               Receiver
               with
               Clouds
               ;
               continue
               the
               fire
               until
               all
               is
               come
               out
               that
               will
               ,
               unlute
               the
               vessels
               ,
               and
               separate
               the
               Spirit
               from
               the
               black
               and
               stinking
               Oil
               in
               a
               Tunnel
               lined
               with
               brown
               paper
               ,
               (
               there
               is
               but
               very
               little
               Oil
               )
               keep
               them
               both
               in
               Viols
               :
               you
               will
               have
               twelve
               ounces
               of
               Spirit
               .
            
             
               The
               Spirit
               is
               an
               excellent
               Aperitive
               ,
               some
               of
               it
               may
               be
               dropt
               into
               Juleps
               ,
               to
               give
               them
               an
               agreeable
               acidity
               .
            
             
             
               The
               Spirit
               may
               be
               Rectified
               by
               distilling
               it
               in
               Sand
               in
               a
               glass
               Body
               ,
               and
               that
               which
               rises
               last
               may
               be
               kept
               apart
               as
               the
               strongest
               of
               all
               ;
               it
               is
               used
               for
               to
               cleanse
               old
               Ulcers
               ,
               and
               to
               eat
               proud
               flesh
               .
            
             
               The
               Oil
               is
               good
               to
               be
               used
               in
               caries
               of
               bones
               .
            
             
               You
               will
               have
               in
               the
               retort
               six
               and
               twenty
               ounces
               of
               a
               black
               very
               spongy
               matter
               ,
               which
               is
               inflammable
               by
               reason
               of
               a
               soot
               that
               remains
               in
               it
               ;
               when
               it
               is
               burnt
               it
               yields
               but
               very
               few
               ashes
               ,
               out
               of
               which
               nothing
               can
               be
               drawn
               .
            
             
               
                 Remarks
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Vessels
                 must
                 be
                 exceeding
                 large
                 for
                 the
                 
                   Distillation
                   of
                   Honey
                
                 ,
                 because
                 a
                 great
                 vacuity
                 is
                 requisite
                 for
                 it
                 to
                 rarifie
                 in
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 
                   Water
                   of
                   Honey
                
                 makes
                 the
                 Hair
                 to
                 grow
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 opens
                 the
                 Pores
                 ;
                 some
                 do
                 mix
                 it
                 with
                 the
                 Juice
                 of
                 Onion
                 to
                 render
                 it
                 the
                 more
                 effectual
                 .
              
               
                 Sometimes
                 a
                 little
                 Wax
                 is
                 found
                 in
                 the
                 receiver
                 ,
                 which
                 came
                 with
                 the
                 Spirit
                 from
                 the
                 Honey
                 in
                 the
                 distillation
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             IV.
             
               Distillation
               of
               Wax
            
             .
          
           
             THIS
             Operation
             is
             a
             separation
             of
             the
             Oil
             of
             Wax
             ,
             from
             the
             Phlegm
             ,
             and
             Salt.
             
          
           
             Melt
             two
             pounds
             of
             
               Yellow
               Wax
            
             in
             an
             earthen
             pan
             ,
             and
             mix
             with
             it
             three
             or
             four
             pounds
             of
             potters
             earth
             powdered
             ,
             or
             so
             much
             as
             is
             requisite
             to
             make
             a
             Paste
             of
             it
             ,
             form
             it
             into
             little
             pellets
             ,
             and
             put
             them
             into
             an
             earthen
             Retort
             ,
             or
             glass
             one
             Coated
             ,
             a
             third
             of
             which
             remains
             empty
             ;
             place
             this
             Retort
             in
             a
             Reverberatory
             Furnace
             ;
             fit
             to
             it
             a
             Receiver
             ,
             and
             luting
             the
             joints
             ,
             give
             a
             small
             fire
             at
             first
             ,
             and
             there
             will
             come
             forth
             Phlegm
             ,
             then
             a
             Spirit
             ;
             encrease
             the
             fire
             a
             little
             ,
             and
             a
             liquor
             will
             distil
             that
             congeals
             in
             the
             Receiver
             like
             Butter
             ;
             continue
             the
             fire
             till
             nothing
             more
             comes
             forth
             ;
             then
             unlute
             the
             joints
             ,
             separate
             the
             Spirit
             mixed
             with
             Phlegm
             from
             the
             Butter
             ,
             and
             keep
             it
             in
             a
             Viol
             well
             stopt
             .
             It
             is
             a
             good
             opener
             ;
             the
             dose
             is
             from
             ten
             drops
             to
             twenty
             in
             raddish
             water
             ,
             or
             some
             other
             appropriate
             liquor
             .
          
           
             Some
             do
             use
             the
             
               Butter
               of
               Wax
            
             to
             discuss
             tumors
             ,
             rather
             than
             the
             Oil
             that
             I
             am
             going
             to
             describe
             .
          
           
             Melt
             the
             
               Butter
               of
               Wax
            
             in
             an
             earthen
             pan
             ,
             and
             make
             a
             paste
             of
             it
             with
             sufficient
             quantity
             of
             potters-earth
             powdered
             ;
             form
             this
             paste
             into
             little
             pellets
             ,
             put
             them
             into
             a
             glass
             retort
             ,
             set
             your
             retort
             
             in
             a
             Sand-heat
             ,
             fit
             to
             it
             a
             Receiver
             ,
             and
             luting
             the
             joints
             ,
             begin
             the
             distillation
             with
             a
             small
             fire
             ,
             a
             great
             many
             Spirits
             will
             come
             forth
             mixed
             with
             Phlegm
             ,
             after
             which
             encrease
             it
             a
             little
             ,
             and
             a
             clear
             yellow
             Oil
             will
             come
             ;
             having
             distil'd
             about
             three
             ounces
             of
             it
             ,
             change
             the
             Receiver
             ,
             for
             that
             which
             comes
             at
             last
             is
             as
             thick
             as
             Butter
             .
             It
             may
             be
             Rectified
             with
             other
             clay
             ,
             or
             potters-earth
             ,
             and
             it
             will
             change
             into
             as
             transparent
             an
             Oil
             as
             the
             other
             .
             Separate
             the
             Oil
             from
             the
             Spirit
             ,
             and
             keep
             it
             in
             a
             Viol.
             It
             is
             a
             good
             discutient
             for
             Tumors
             ,
             and
             Cold
             pains
             :
             it
             is
             mixed
             in
             Unguents
             and
             Oils
             for
             that
             purpose
             .
          
           
             The
             
               Oil
               of
               Wax
            
             may
             be
             rectified
             several
             other
             times
             to
             make
             it
             still
             clearer
             than
             before
             .
          
           
             
               Remarks
               .
            
             
               The
               solid
               consistence
               of
               Wax
               doth
               proceed
               from
               a
               proportionate
               mixture
               of
               
                 Water
                 ,
                 Volatile
                 Salt
              
               ,
               and
               Oil
               ,
               united
               and
               incorporated
               together
               ;
               wherefore
               its
               solidity
               comes
               to
               be
               destroyed
               ,
               according
               as
               the
               Principles
               do
               suffer
               a
               separation
               ;
               and
               this
               is
               easily
               observed
               in
               the
               Rectifications
               ,
               for
               in
               every
               distillation
               that
               is
               made
               ,
               some
               considerable
               quantity
               of
               water
               is
               separated
               ,
               and
               the
               Oil
               does
               likewise
               become
               clearer
               .
            
             
               The
               Clay
               serves
               only
               to
               separate
               the
               parts
               of
               Wax
               ,
               and
               to
               rarifie
               it
               the
               more
               .
            
             
               If
               by
               way
               of
               curiosity
               you
               desire
               to
               know
               exactly
               what
               quantity
               of
               liquor
               ,
               or
               Spirit
               ,
               can
               be
               drawn
               from
               Wax
               ,
               you
               must
               dry
               your
               Clay
               as
               much
               as
               you
               can
               ,
               or
               else
               use
               in
               its
               place
               ,
               broken
               
               pots
               ,
               or
               Bricks
               powdered
               ,
               which
               are
               not
               at
               all
               wet
               :
               out
               of
               three
               and
               twenty
               ounces
               of
               Wax
               ,
               you
               'l
               draw
               in
               the
               first
               distillation
               just
               the
               same
               weight
               of
               liquor
               ;
               to
               wit
               ,
               twelve
               ounces
               of
               
                 Phlegmatick
                 Spirit
              
               ,
               and
               the
               rest
               is
               a
               Butter
               ;
               in
               the
               second
               and
               third
               distillation
               you
               'l
               draw
               fourteen
               ounces
               of
               Spirit
               ,
               and
               six
               ounces
               of
               clear
               Oil.
               
            
             
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Wax
              
               is
               only
               a
               small
               quantity
               of
               acid
               Volatile
               salt
               dissolved
               in
               Phlegm
               ;
               but
               you
               must
               not
               believe
               what
               some
               have
               written
               ,
               that
               having
               distilled
               a
               considerable
               quantity
               of
               Wax
               ,
               and
               put
               that
               which
               was
               drawn
               into
               a
               Bolt-head
               ,
               they
               could
               sublime
               the
               Volatile
               salt
               like
               others
               of
               that
               nature
               .
               For
               this
               salt
               ,
               though
               it
               be
               indeed
               Volatile
               ,
               yet
               it
               is
               not
               Volatile
               enough
               to
               rise
               before
               the
               Phlegm
               ;
               it
               is
               an
               acid
               salt
               much
               like
               unto
               that
               of
               Ambar
               ,
               but
               is
               not
               of
               the
               nature
               of
               Volatile
               alkali's
               ,
               which
               are
               known
               to
               sublime
               so
               easily
               ;
               it
               were
               better
               therefore
               to
               keep
               this
               Spirit
               as
               it
               is
               ,
               or
               else
               to
               evaporate
               about
               half
               of
               it
               with
               a
               very
               mild
               heat
               ,
               that
               it
               may
               be
               the
               stronger
               .
            
             
               The
               Volatile
               salts
               of
               many
               sulphureous
               matters
               are
               drawn
               acid
               ,
               as
               they
               are
               in
               the
               mixt
               ,
               because
               being
               clothed
               with
               soft
               and
               ramous
               parts
               which
               give
               way
               easily
               to
               their
               motion
               ,
               they
               do
               not
               break
               their
               natural
               keenness
               by
               endeavouring
               to
               separate
               ,
               when
               they
               are
               forced
               to
               it
               by
               fire
               ,
               and
               so
               they
               do
               not
               receive
               so
               much
               terrestrious
               and
               firy
               matter
               ,
               as
               is
               requisite
               to
               make
               them
               porous
               ,
               like
               Volatile
               alkali's
               .
            
             
               This
               Operation
               ,
               and
               that
               of
               the
               Distillation
               of
               Ambar
               which
               I
               have
               described
               ,
               do
               much
               confirm
               what
               I
               said
               before
               in
               my
               Remarks
               upon
               the
               Principle
               ,
               that
               all
               the
               salt
               of
               mixt
               bodies
               is
               naturally
               
               acid
               ,
               and
               that
               alkali
               is
               nothing
               else
               but
               an
               alteration
               of
               the
               Natural
               Salt
               ,
               made
               by
               fire
               .
               Besides
               ,
               all
               sorts
               of
               Experiments
               do
               seem
               to
               me
               to
               confirm
               and
               establish
               this
               opinion
               ;
               but
               yet
               I
               am
               not
               so
               peremptory
               in
               the
               vindication
               of
               it
               ,
               but
               that
               I
               would
               gladly
               give
               place
               to
               another
               ,
               if
               I
               could
               be
               shewed
               that
               it
               is
               better
               than
               mine
               ,
               for
               I
               seek
               after
               nothing
               so
               much
               as
               to
               discover
               truth
               .
            
          
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           THE
           INDEX
           .
        
         
           
             A
          
           
             ACID
             ,
             what
             ,
             
               Page
               24
            
             
               
                 How
                 different
                 Crystals
                 are
                 drawn
                 with
                 different
                 acids
                 ,
                 188
              
               
                 That
                 acids
                 drawn
                 by
                 violent
                 fires
                 do
                 much
                 differ
                 from
                 the
                 natural
                 ,
                 287
              
               
                 How
                 they
                 do
                 become
                 able
                 both
                 to
                 dissolve
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 coagulate
                 ,
                 453
              
               
                 That
                 they
                 will
                 preserve
                 bodies
                 from
                 corruption
                 ,
                 455
              
               
                 That
                 Digestion
                 and
                 Hunger
                 ,
                 are
                 not
                 so
                 mnch
                 beholding
                 to
                 acids
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 commonly
                 thought
                 ,
                 
                   456
                   ,
                   457
                
              
            
          
           
             Acid
             and
             Alkali
             ,
             not
             the
             only
             cause
             of
             ebullition
             ,
             
               302
               ,
               342
            
          
           
             
               Aes
               ustum
               ,
               123
            
          
           
             Alchymy
             ,
             well
             defined
             ,
             58
          
           
             Alkaest
             ,
             309
          
           
             Alkali
             ,
             whence
             so
             called
             ,
             22
          
           
             What
             it
             is
             ,
             25
          
           
             Aloes
             ,
             477
          
           
             Roch-Alom
             ,
             350
          
           
             Alom-water
             ,
             352
          
           
             
               Alumen
               Saccharinum
               ,
               350
            
          
           
             Burnt-Alom
             ,
             351
          
           
             Amalgamation
             of
             Gold
             ,
             65
          
           
             
             Ambar
             ,
             363
          
           
             Ambargrease
             ,
             372
          
           
             Antimony
             ,
             202
             
               
                 What
                 renders
                 it
                 emetick
                 ,
                 
                   203
                   ,
                   206
                
              
               
                 Its
                 emetick
                 quality
                 drawn
                 better
                 in
                 wine
                 than
                 other
                 liquors
                 ,
                 207
              
               
                 The
                 violence
                 of
                 Antimonial
                 vomits
                 to
                 be
                 conquered
                 with
                 Cream
                 of
                 Tartar
                 ,
                 231
              
            
          
           
             Antimony
             Calcined
             in
             the
             Sun
             ,
             increases
             in
             weight
             ,
             
               228
               ,
               229
            
          
           
             Antimonial
             Cup
             ,
             205
          
           
             
               Antimonium
               Diaphoreticum
            
             ,
             whether
             sudorifick
             ,
             224
             
               
                 That
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 an
                 alkali
                 ,
                 225
              
            
          
           
             Cinnaber
             of
             Antimony
             ,
             234
          
           
             Regulus
             of
             Antimony
             increased
             in
             weight
             by
             Calcination
             ,
             208
             
               
                 What
                 gives
                 the
                 form
                 of
                 a
                 star
                 to
                 its
                 Martial
                 
                   Regulus
                   ,
                   212
                
              
            
          
           
             Glass
             of
             Antimony
             ,
             why
             more
             emetick
             than
             its
             other
             preparations
             ,
             217
             
               
                 How
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 corrected
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 What
                 gives
                 it
                 vitrification
                 ,
                 216
              
            
          
           
             Sulphur
             of
             Antimony
             ,
             236
             
               
                 Our
                 Golden
                 Sulphur
                 of
                 Antimony
                 ,
                 different
                 from
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 antients
                 ,
                 210
              
            
          
           
             
               Aqua
               Regalis
            
             ,
             why
             it
             dissolves
             Gold
             ,
             and
             cannot
             dissolve
             Sylver
             ,
             
               313
               ,
               &c.
            
             
          
           
             
               Aqua
               secunda
               ,
               77
            
          
           
             
               Arcanum
               Corallinum
               ,
               193
            
          
           
             Arsenick
             ,
             244
             
               
                 What
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 when
                 this
                 poison
                 happens
                 to
                 be
                 taken
                 2inwardly
                 ,
                 246
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             B
          
           
             Balm
             distilled
             ,
             404
          
           
             Balsom
             of
             Sulphur
             anisated
             ,
             357
          
           
             Bath-waters
             ,
             their
             heat
             explicated
             ,
             140
          
           
             Benjamin
             ,
             491
          
           
             Animal
             Bezoar
             ,
             511
          
           
             Bismuth
             ,
             101
          
           
             Bolonian
             stone
             ,
             525
          
           
             Butter
             of
             Saturn
             ,
             111
          
        
         
           
             C
          
           
             Camphire
             ,
             494
             
               
                 How
                 it
                 comes
                 to
                 be
                 an
                 Amulet
                 in
                 Agues
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
            
          
           
             
               Carduus
               Benedictus
            
             distilled
             ,
             406
          
           
             Chylification
             explicated
             ,
             356
          
           
             Cerusse
             ,
             106
          
           
             
               Cineres
               Clavellati
               ,
               433
            
          
           
             Cinnaber
             of
             Antimony
             ,
             234
             
               
                 Anatomized
                 ,
                 235
              
            
          
           
             Cinnamon
             ,
             389
             
               
                 how
                 it
                 differs
                 from
                 
                   Cassia
                   lignea
                   ,
                   390
                
              
            
          
           
             Cloves
             ,
             399
          
           
             Colcothar
             ,
             the
             Natural
             ,
             330
             
               
                 And
                 the
                 Artificial
                 ,
                 
                   333
                   ,
                   339
                
              
            
          
           
             Colophone
             ,
             490
          
           
             Colour
             ,
             what
             it
             is
             ,
             
               194
               ,
               195
               ,
               228
            
             
               
                 Variety
                 of
                 colours
                 ,
                 
                   199
                   ,
                   344
                   ,
                   345
                
              
               
                 and
                 the
                 reason
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 201
              
            
          
           
             Coppel
             ,
             77
          
           
             Copper
             ,
             118
          
           
             Coral
             ,
             270
             
               
               
                 The
                 ebullition
                 it
                 causes
                 with
                 Vinegar
                 in
                 its
                 dissolution
                 ,
                 thought
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 cold
                 ebullition
                 ,
                 273
              
               
                 The
                 solution
                 of
                 Pearl
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 alkali
                 matters
                 ,
                 perform'd
                 as
                 that
                 of
                 Coral
                 ,
                 274
              
            
          
           
             Coral
             prepared
             ,
             272
             
               
                 much
                 better
                 than
                 the
                 Magistery
                 ,
                 275
              
            
          
           
             Cornachine
             powder
             ,
             225
          
           
             
               Crocus
               Martis
            
             ,
             its
             best
             preparation
             of
             all
             ,
             
               132
               ,
               133
            
          
           
             
               Crocus
               metallorum
            
             ,
             how
             often
             the
             same
             will
             serve
             to
             make
             the
             Emetick
             wine
             ,
             221
          
        
         
           
             D
          
           
             Depart
             ,
             
               62
               ,
               79
            
          
           
             That
             Digestion
             owes
             more
             to
             the
             saliva
             ,
             than
             to
             acids
             ,
             456
          
        
         
           
             E
          
           
             Earthquakes
             ,
             their
             nature
             explicated
             ,
             140
          
           
             Ebullition
             ,
             without
             the
             encounter
             of
             acid
             and
             alkali
             ,
             
               302
               ,
               342
            
          
           
             
               Elosaccharum
               ,
               391
            
          
           
             
               Elixir
               proprietatis
               ,
               479
            
          
           
             Emetick
             Syrop
             ,
             215
          
           
             Emetick
             wine
             ,
             
               218
               ,
               222
            
          
           
             Extracts
             of
             greater
             virtue
             than
             waters
             ,
             406
          
           
             
               Extractum
               Panchymagogum
               ,
               484
            
          
        
         
           
             F
          
           
             Feavers
             their
             nature
             ,
             and
             their
             principal
             symptoms
             explicated
             ,
             
               459
               ,
               460
            
             
               
                 The
                 regularity
                 of
                 their
                 fits
                 explicated
                 ,
                 461
              
            
          
           
             
             A
             Febrifugous
             salt
             ,
             321
          
           
             Fermentation
             ,
             26
          
           
             Fire
             ,
             how
             it
             alters
             the
             nature
             of
             bodies
             ,
             
               20
               ,
               21
               ,
               25
               ,
               26
               ,
               251
            
             
               
                 How
                 the
                 substance
                 of
                 fire
                 does
                 increase
                 the
                 weight
                 of
                 some
                 medicines
                 ,
                 
                   107
                   ,
                   116
                   ,
                   208
                   ,
                   228
                   ,
                   229
                
              
               
                 What
                 Fire
                 is
                 ,
                 303
              
            
          
           
             Flints
             ,
             how
             generated
             ,
             263
          
           
             Fulminant
             powder
             ,
             71
          
           
             Furnaces
             and
             vessels
             ,
             31
          
        
         
           
             G
          
           
             Gold
             ,
             48
          
           
             The
             wicked
             cheats
             which
             Alchymists
             do
             use
             in
             pretending
             to
             make
             it
             ,
             
               49
               ,
               &c.
            
             
             
               
                 The
                 improbability
                 of
                 making
                 Gold
                 fairly
                 represented
                 ,
                 
                   56
                   ,
                   57
                
              
               
                 Whether
                 it
                 be
                 a
                 Cordial
                 ,
                 
                   58
                   ,
                   59
                
              
               
                 That
                 it
                 can
                 be
                 volatilized
                 ,
                 60
              
               
                 Purified
                 by
                 an
                 operation
                 called
                 the
                 Depart
                 ,
                 62
              
               
                 Purified
                 by
                 Cementation
                 ,
                 63
              
               
                 Its
                 Precipitation
                 ,
                 68
              
               
                 Its
                 Fulmination
                 from
                 whence
                 ,
                 70
              
               
                 Why
                 it
                 spreads
                 under
                 the
                 hammer
                 better
                 than
                 Sylver
                 ,
                 315
              
            
          
           
             Gravelled
             ashes
             ,
             256
          
           
             
               Guaiacum
               ,
               383
            
             
               
                 its
                 Oil
                 why
                 so
                 good
                 for
                 the
                 tooth-ach
                 ,
                 385
              
            
          
           
             Gumm
             Armoniack
             ,
             its
             best
             Purification
             ,
             497
             
               
                 Other
                 Gumms
                 how
                 Purified
                 ,
                 498
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             H
          
           
             Hair
             distilled
             ,
             518
          
           
             Harts-horn
             distilled
             ,
             516
          
           
             Honey
             ,
             542
          
           
             Hunger
             from
             what
             cause
             ,
             457
          
           
             Hydragogues
             ,
             why
             they
             do
             work
             more
             on
             watery
             humours
             than
             the
             others
             ,
             358
          
           
             Hysterical
             vapors
             why
             allaied
             by
             ill
             smells
             ,
             
               367
               ,
               368
            
          
        
         
           
             I
          
           
             Jalap
             ,
             373
             
               
                 That
                 all
                 its
                 Purgative
                 virtue
                 consists
                 in
                 the
                 Rosine
                 ,
                 373
              
            
          
           
             Inks
             called
             sympathetical
             ,
             
               258
               ,
               330
            
          
           
             Iron
             ,
             130
             
               
                 How
                 made
                 Steel
                 ,
                 131
              
               
                 Preferred
                 before
                 Steel
                 for
                 Physical
                 uses
                 ,
                 
                   ib.
                   132
                   ,
                   133
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
              
               
                 That
                 it
                 opens
                 obstructions
                 by
                 its
                 salt
                 ,
                 133
              
               
                 When
                 mixed
                 with
                 Sulphur
                 ,
                 and
                 wetted
                 with
                 water
                 ,
                 it
                 grows
                 extraordinary
                 hot
                 of
                 it self
                 ;
                 which
                 serves
                 to
                 explain
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 Earthquakes
                 ,
                 and
                 hot
                 baths
                 ,
                 
                   140
                   ,
                   141
                
              
            
          
           
             Ivory
             distilled
             ,
             517
          
        
         
           
             L
          
           
             Lead
             ,
             105
             
               
                 That
                 it
                 purifies
                 Gold
                 and
                 Sylver
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 white
                 of
                 an
                 Egg
                 clarifies
                 a
                 Syrop
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 
                 increased
                 in
                 weight
                 by
                 Calcination
                 ,
                 107
              
               
                 increased
                 in
                 weight
                 by
                 Distillation
                 ,
                 116
              
               
                 how
                 to
                 be
                 Revived
                 ,
                 
                   115
                   ,
                   118
                
              
            
          
           
             
               Lignum
               sanctum
               ,
               383
            
          
           
             Lime
             water
             ,
             254
          
           
             Litharge
             ,
             76
          
           
             Lutes
             ,
             37
          
        
         
           
             M
          
           
             Mace
             ,
             425
          
           
             
               Magnesia
               Opalina
               ,
               219
            
          
           
             Marcassite
             ,
             101
          
           
             Mercury
             ,
             154
             
               
                 Why
                 it
                 remains
                 fluid
                 ,
                 and
                 why
                 it
                 so
                 easily
                 volatilizes
                 by
                 fire
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 it
                 s
                 ill
                 effects
                 ,
                 160
              
               
                 and
                 its
                 good
                 effects
                 ,
                 161
              
               
                 especially
                 in
                 Venereal
                 Maladies
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 the
                 raising
                 a
                 Flux
                 by
                 Mercury
                 ,
                 ingeniously
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 large
                 explicated
                 ,
                 
                   162
                   ,
                   163
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 
              
               
                 proved
                 to
                 be
                 an
                 alkali
                 ,
                 
                   167
                   ,
                   168
                
              
               
                 why
                 it
                 requires
                 less
                 Spirit
                 to
                 dissolve
                 it
                 than
                 other
                 metals
                 ,
                 172
              
               
                 in
                 what
                 form
                 to
                 be
                 taken
                 inwardly
                 ,
                 185
              
            
          
           
             
               Mercurius
               vitae
               ,
               236
            
          
           
             Mercurial
             water
             ,
             
               190
               ,
               191
            
          
           
             Metals
             seven
             ,
             46
          
           
             Milk
             ,
             its
             coagulation
             explicated
             ,
             
               29
               ,
               454
            
          
           
             Virgins
             Milk.
             493
          
           
             Minerals
             ,
             their
             formation
             and
             growth
             ,
             45
          
           
             
               Minium
               ,
               106
            
          
           
             Mountebanks
             ,
             their
             cheat
             in
             taking
             Poisons
             ,
             182
          
           
             Myrrhe
             ,
             500
          
        
         
           
           
             N
          
           
             Niter
             ,
             see
             Salt-peter
             .
          
           
             Nutritum
             ,
             or
             Butter
             of
             Saturn
             ,
             111
          
           
             Nutmegs
             ,
             401
          
        
         
           
             O
          
           
             
               Oleum
               Philosophorum
            
             ,
             or
             Oil
             of
             Bricks
             ,
             why
             so
             called
             ,
             270
          
           
             Opium
             and
             
               Meconium
               ,
               467
            
             
               
                 how
                 its
                 narcotick
                 quality
                 is
                 best
                 to
                 be
                 preserved
                 in
                 the
                 Extract
                 ,
                 469
              
               
                 That
                 it
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 Torrified
                 ,
                 470
              
               
                 how
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 Opium
                 causes
                 sleep
                 more
                 than
                 other
                 things
                 ,
                 471
              
               
                 Reason
                 given
                 why
                 it
                 allaies
                 pains
                 ,
                 takes
                 off
                 deliriums
                 ,
                 and
                 cures
                 fluxes
                 ,
                 473
              
               
                 The
                 Turks
                 taking
                 such
                 quantities
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 descanted
                 upon
                 ,
                 474
              
               
                 Why
                 Sudorifick
                 ,
                 476
              
            
          
        
         
           
             P
          
           
             Paper
             ,
             both
             antient
             and
             modern
             how
             made
             ,
             386
             
               
                 Perpetual
                 Pills
                 ,
                 204
              
               
                 not
                 good
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Iliaca
                   passio
                
                 ,
                 but
                 good
                 in
                 the
                 Colick
                 ,
                 207
              
               
                 Whether
                 they
                 do
                 lose
                 their
                 virtue
                 by
                 frequent
                 use
                 ,
                 206
              
            
          
           
             Perspiration
             insensible
             ,
             two
             sorts
             ,
             72
             
               
                 That
                 more
                 is
                 Perspired
                 in
                 the
                 heat
                 and
                 drought
                 of
                 a
                 Feaver
                 ,
                 than
                 in
                 the
                 violent
                 sweat
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
            
          
           
             
             Petrification
             ,
             how
             ,
             264
          
           
             
               Petroleum
               ,
               363
               ,
               364
            
          
           
             Peruvian
             Bark
             ,
             393
             
               
                 The
                 greatest
                 Specifick
                 ever
                 known
                 in
                 Agues
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 different
                 manner
                 of
                 giving
                 it
                 heretofore
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 present
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 body
                 to
                 be
                 well
                 Purged
                 ,
                 before
                 the
                 Bark
                 is
                 given
                 ,
                 394
              
               
                 The
                 ill
                 effects
                 of
                 taking
                 it
                 irregularly
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 To
                 be
                 avoided
                 by
                 such
                 who
                 have
                 an
                 Abscess
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 How
                 it
                 comes
                 to
                 remove
                 the
                 fit
                 ,
                 
                   ib.
                   &
                   395
                
              
               
                 Its
                 febrifugous
                 virtue
                 lost
                 by
                 distillation
                 ,
                 398
              
            
          
           
             Phagedenick
             water
             ,
             171
          
           
             Philosophers
             Stone
             ,
             or
             Powder
             of
             Projection
             ,
             a
             miserable
             cheat
             ,
             
               51
               ,
               &c.
            
             
          
           
             Phosphorus
             ,
             the
             solid
             ,
             523
             
               
                 and
                 the
                 Liquid
                 ,
                 525
              
               
                 Its
                 Inventors
                 ,
                 526
              
               
                 Experiments
                 made
                 upon
                 the
                 
                   Phosphorus
                   ,
                   528
                   ,
                   529
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
              
            
          
           
             Baldwin
             
               's
               Phosphorus
               ,
               538
            
          
           
             
               Plumbum
               ustum
               ,
               106
            
          
           
             Poison
             ,
             what
             it
             is
             ,
             179
             
               
                 The
                 difference
                 between
                 Coagulative
                 or
                 cold
                 Poisons
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Corrosive
                 or
                 hot
                 ,
                 179
              
               
                 How
                 different
                 the
                 Remedies
                 proper
                 to
                 each
                 of
                 them
                 be
                 ,
                 
                   180
                   ,
                   181
                
              
            
          
           
             Principles
             of
             Chymistry
             ,
             2
             
               
                 That
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 first
                 Principles
                 ,
                 5
              
               
                 How
                 much
                 they
                 are
                 indebted
                 to
                 fire
                 in
                 their
                 production
                 ,
                 
                   6
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 
              
               
                 The
                 five
                 Principles
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 found
                 in
                 Minerals
                 ,
                 9
              
            
          
           
             
               Pulvis
               Cornachinus
               ,
               225
            
          
           
             
             Purgative
             medicines
             ,
             their
             different
             operation
             explicated
             ,
             487
          
           
             Purgative
             virtue
             of
             mixt
             bodies
             ,
             wherein
             it
             consists
             ,
             
               381
               ,
               382
            
          
           
             Pus
             ,
             how
             it
             becomes
             white
             ,
             356
          
        
         
           
             Q
          
           
             Quicklime
             how
             made
             ,
             251
             
               
                 Fiery
                 bodies
                 proved
                 to
                 cause
                 its
                 corrosion
                 ,
                 and
                 ebullition
                 with
                 water
                 ,
                 
                   252
                   ,
                   253
                
              
               
                 No
                 salt
                 to
                 be
                 drawn
                 from
                 it
                 ,
                 253
              
               
                 That
                 Acids
                 will
                 give
                 it
                 a
                 new
                 ebullition
                 ,
                 after
                 it
                 is
                 slak't
                 ,
                 254
              
               
                 but
                 will
                 make
                 no
                 ebullition
                 with
                 Lime-water
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
            
          
        
         
           
             R
          
           
             Rhubarb
             ,
             commended
             as
             it
             deserves
             ,
             379
          
           
             Rosines
             ,
             how
             distilled
             ,
             490
          
        
         
           
             S
          
           
             Salivation
             explicated
             ,
             
               162
               ,
               163
               ,
               &c.
            
             
          
           
             Sal
             Armoniack
             ,
             the
             Natural
             ,
             and
             the
             Artificial
             ,
             310
             
               
                 Its
                 Purification
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 Its
                 Flowers
                 Chalybeated
                 ,
                 312
              
            
          
           
             Sal
             Gemme
             ,
             its
             origine
             ,
             
               13
               ,
               277
            
          
           
             Sal
             Prunellae
             ,
             often
             counterfeited
             ,
             295
          
           
             Salt
             ,
             one
             chief
             ,
             of
             which
             all
             the
             rest
             are
             compounded
             ,
             12
             
               
                 Three
                 sorts
                 of
                 it
                 drawn
                 from
                 Vegetables
                 ,
                 19
              
               
                 That
                 it
                 becomes
                 Alkali
                 by
                 fire
                 ,
                 
                   23
                   ,
                   24
                
              
            
          
           
             Alkali
             Salts
             ,
             how
             made
             exceeding
             white
             ,
             446
          
           
             
             Common
             Salt
             ,
             277
             
               
                 its
                 origine
                 ,
                 13
              
               
                 That
                 made
                 by
                 evaporation
                 ,
                 not
                 so
                 strong
                 as
                 that
                 by
                 crystallization
                 ,
                 278
              
               
                 The
                 manner
                 of
                 making
                 Salt
                 at
                 
                   Rochel
                   ,
                   279
                
              
               
                 Its
                 Spirit
                 drawn
                 without
                 addition
                 of
                 earth
                 ,
                 284
              
               
                 New
                 Spirits
                 drawn
                 several
                 times
                 from
                 the
                 same
                 matter
                 ,
                 exposed
                 to
                 the
                 air
                 after
                 distillation
                 ,
                 285
              
            
          
           
             Salt
             decrepitated
             must
             be
             newly
             made
             for
             use
             ,
             282
          
           
             Salt-peter
             ,
             or
             Niter
             of
             the
             antients
             different
             from
             ours
             ,
             289
             
               
                 its
                 origine
                 ,
                 
                   15
                   ,
                   289
                
              
               
                 That
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 inflammable
                 in
                 it self
                 ,
                 nor
                 sulphureous
                 ,
                 
                   290
                   ,
                   308
                
              
               
                 That
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 Sal
                 Gemme
                 impregnated
                 with
                 greater
                 store
                 of
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 292
              
            
          
           
             Salt-peter
             Purified
             ,
             judged
             better
             for
             use
             than
             
               Sal
               prunellae
               ,
               295
            
          
           
             Sanguification
             explicated
             ,
             356
          
           
             Sea-sickness
             ,
             its
             cause
             ,
             278
          
           
             Small-pox
             ingeniously
             compared
             to
             the
             fermentation
             of
             Wines
             ,
             416
          
           
             Vniversal
             Spirit
             ,
             2
          
           
             Steel
             ,
             how
             made
             ,
             131
          
           
             Stones
             ,
             how
             generated
             ,
             263
             
               
                 how
                 possibly
                 they
                 grow
                 in
                 our
                 bodies
                 ,
                 268
              
            
          
           
             Succinum
             ,
             or
             Ambar
             ,
             363
          
           
             Sublimate
             Corrosive
             ,
             often
             counterfeited
             ,
             and
             how
             to
             be
             discovered
             ,
             177
             
               
                 Its
                 Corrosion
                 much
                 greater
                 than
                 that
                 of
                 Arsenick
                 ,
                 182
              
               
                 How
                 from
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Poison
                 it
                 comes
                 to
                 be
                 so
                 mild
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 in
                 
                   Mercurius
                   dulcis
                   ,
                   185
                
              
            
          
           
             Suffocation
             of
             the
             Matrix
             explicated
             ,
             368
          
           
             
             Sugar
             ,
             whence
             its
             sweetness
             is
             derived
             ,
             
               243
               ,
               410
            
          
           
             how
             made
             ,
             408
          
           
             Sugar-candy
             ,
             how
             made
             ,
             409
          
           
             
               Sulphur
               ,
               353
            
             
               
                 Its
                 Flowers
                 ,
                 how
                 made
                 white
                 ,
                 354
              
               
                 Its
                 Milk.
                 355
              
               
                 That
                 half
                 the
                 quantity
                 of
                 its
                 Milk
                 or
                 Magistery
                 ,
                 is
                 as
                 effectual
                 as
                 double
                 the
                 quantity
                 of
                 its
                 Flowers
                 ,
                 357
              
               
                 Its
                 Spirit
                 suspected
                 in
                 diseases
                 of
                 the
                 breast
                 ,
                 360
              
               
                 Its
                 Salt
                 ,
                 why
                 so
                 much
                 more
                 acid
                 then
                 
                   tartarum
                   vitriolatum
                   ,
                   362
                
              
            
          
           
             
               Sulphur
               vivum
               ,
               353
            
          
           
             Sylver
             ,
             74
             
               
                 how
                 made
                 ,
                 or
                 counterfeited
                 by
                 Alchymists
                 ,
                 55
              
               
                 The
                 difference
                 between
                 Plate-sylver
                 ,
                 and
                 Coppel
                 sylver
                 ,
                 79
              
               
                 Its
                 Crystals
                 ,
                 how
                 Revived
                 ,
                 82
              
               
                 Its
                 Calx
                 how
                 Revived
                 ,
                 86
              
            
          
           
             Sympathetical
             powder
             ,
             its
             preparation
             and
             use
             ,
             and
             its
             operation
             explicated
             ,
             
               334
               ,
               335
               ,
               336
            
             
               
                 The
                 authors
                 candid
                 judgment
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 337
              
            
          
           
             Syrop
             of
             
               Mars
               ,
               148
            
          
        
         
           
             T
          
           
             Tabaco
             ,
             481
             
               
                 An
                 Experiment
                 made
                 upon
                 its
                 Oil
                 ,
                 483
              
            
          
           
             Tartar
             ,
             433
             
               
                 Its
                 Cream
                 and
                 Crystals
                 ,
                 434
              
               
                 Why
                 its
                 Crystals
                 will
                 not
                 dissolve
                 in
                 cold
                 water
                 ,
                 435
              
               
                 No
                 true
                 Volatile
                 Salt
                 to
                 be
                 drawn
                 from
                 it
                 ,
                 443
              
               
                 A
                 quick
                 way
                 of
                 making
                 its
                 Salt
                 ,
                 445
              
               
                 
                 That
                 water
                 thrown
                 upon
                 Tartar
                 newly
                 Calcined
                 gives
                 it
                 a
                 heat
                 and
                 ebullition
                 like
                 Quicklime
                 ,
                 445
              
               
                 How
                 its
                 Salt
                 mixed
                 with
                 distilled
                 waters
                 will
                 make
                 them
                 look
                 green
                 ,
                 447
              
               
                 That
                 its
                 Salt
                 will
                 cause
                 a
                 flame
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 manner
                 as
                 does
                 Salt-peter
                 ,
                 when
                 thrown
                 upon
                 kindled
                 coals
                 ,
                 449
              
            
          
           
             Chymical
             Terms
             explicated
             ,
             40
          
           
             Tinctures
             how
             made
             ,
             501
          
           
             Turpentine
             ,
             488
          
           
             Tynn
             ,
             92
          
        
         
           
             V
          
           
             Venereal
             disease
             ,
             its
             venom
             proved
             to
             be
             an
             Acid
             ,
             
               168
               ,
               169
            
          
           
             Verdigrease
             how
             made
             ,
             127
          
           
             Vermilion
             ,
             157
          
           
             Vinegar
             ,
             how
             made
             ,
             429
             
               
                 That
                 common
                 Vinegar
                 keeps
                 its
                 strength
                 longer
                 than
                 the
                 distilled
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 431
              
               
                 Good
                 against
                 the
                 Plague
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
            
          
           
             Vinegar
             of
             Saturn
             ,
             111
          
           
             Vipers
             when
             taken
             ,
             can
             live
             a
             whole
             Summer
             without
             eating
             ,
             if
             they
             have
             but
             air
             ,
             505
             
               
                 How
                 the
                 Viper
                 differs
                 from
                 Serpents
                 ,
                 506
              
               
                 The
                 quickest
                 remedy
                 for
                 the
                 biting
                 of
                 a
                 Viper
                 ,
                 507
              
               
                 Wherein
                 her
                 venom
                 does
                 consist
                 ,
                 
                   507
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 
              
               
                 A
                 Sudorifick
                 water
                 of
                 Vipers
                 ,
                 519
              
            
          
           
             Virgins
             Milk
             ,
             112
          
           
             Vitriol
             its
             several
             sorts
             ,
             
               329
               ,
               330
            
             
               
                 The
                 English
                 how
                 to
                 be
                 distinguished
                 from
                 the
                 German
                 ,
                 339
              
               
                 Its
                 Spirit
                 how
                 Revived
                 into
                 Vitriol
                 ,
                 341
              
               
                 
                 That
                 its
                 strong
                 Oil
                 causes
                 heat
                 and
                 ebullition
                 with
                 divers
                 liquors
                 that
                 are
                 not
                 alkali
                 ,
                 342
              
               
                 A
                 remarkable
                 instance
                 of
                 its
                 Caustick
                 Oil
                 ,
                 343
              
            
          
           
             Volatile
             Salts
             ,
             how
             Rectified
             ,
             
               514
               ,
               515
            
             
               
                 When
                 to
                 be
                 used
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 not
                 ,
                 466
              
               
                 Why
                 they
                 become
                 foetid
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 alkalis
                 
                   21
                   ,
                   22
                
              
            
          
           
             Vomiting
             when
             excessive
             ,
             through
             the
             taking
             Antimonial
             preparations
             ,
             is
             to
             be
             stopt
             with
             Cream
             of
             Tartar
             ,
             
               231
               ,
               232
            
          
        
         
           
             W
          
           
             Wax
             ,
             546
          
           
             Wine
             ,
             412
             
               
                 analyzed
                 ,
                 420
              
               
                 Why
                 Claret
                 lies
                 longer
                 in
                 the
                 body
                 ,
                 and
                 abounds
                 more
                 with
                 Tartar
                 than
                 White-wine
                 ,
                 412
              
               
                 Its
                 Muste
                 anatomised
                 ,
                 413
              
               
                 No
                 inflammable
                 Spirit
                 in
                 the
                 Muste
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 It
                 s
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 what
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 Why
                 Muscat
                 and
                 Spanish
                 wines
                 are
                 so
                 sweet
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 ,
                 and
                 why
                 they
                 yield
                 fewer
                 Spirits
                 than
                 French
                 wines
                 ,
                 414
              
               
                 The
                 Small-pox
                 ingeniously
                 compared
                 with
                 the
                 fermentation
                 of
                 Wines
                 ,
                 416
              
               
                 Its
                 good
                 and
                 bad
                 effects
                 ,
                 
                   418
                   ,
                   419
                
              
               
                 How
                 it
                 causes
                 so
                 profound
                 a
                 sleep
                 ,
                 419
              
               
                 The
                 drawing
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Wine
                 by
                 the
                 Serpent
                 rejected
                 ,
                 and
                 another
                 instrument
                 preferred
                 ,
                 
                   421
                   ,
                   422
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 
              
               
                 What
                 causes
                 Wine
                 to
                 turn
                 egre
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 will
                 hinder
                 it
                 ,
                 466
              
            
          
        
         
           FINIS
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             Dr.
             
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             Dr.
             
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             Dr.
             
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