Distant Reader - subject-charity-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-24 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 24 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 206,579 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 8,607 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 86. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

may, god, will, charity, shall, good, one, great, men, us, church, text, man, charitable, time, must, yet, others, poor, make, non, made, much, use, roman, lord, without, well, things, many, religion, world, now, tcp, first, lands, though, give, like, works, therefore, christ, true, life, every, love, also, day, within, land

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are Charity commended, or, A catholick Christian soberly instructed by J.C., The art of giuing Describing the true nature, and right vse of liberality: and prouing that these dayes of the gospell haue farre exceeded the former times of superstition in true charitie and magnificence. By Thomas Cooper., and A plea for almes delivered in a sermon at the spital, before a solemn assembly of the city, on Tuesday in Easter week, April. 13. 1658. / By Thomas Watson Minister of Stephens Walbrook. Lond..

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

roman non, charitable use, english books, early english, books online, charitable uses, page images, creation partnership, text creation, early works, lord keeper, good works, one another, poor people, represented either, characters represented, tcp schema, image sets, per ann, let us, bearing date, bit group, online text, tiff page, images scanned, institutions providing, financial support, pfs batch, creative commons, markup reviewed, proquest page, encoded text, iv tiff, encoded edition, work described, image set, good man, asking permission, tcp assigned, commercial purposes, xml conversion, providing financial, text transcribed, without asking, batch review, textual changes, every one, doe good, late queen, will give

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are By the Commissioners for Charitable Uses. Whereas there is a special commission directed to us, under the Great-Seal of England, by his Highness Oliver Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland, and the dominions thereto belonging, for the redressing of the misimployment and concealing of lands, goods and stocks of money heretofore given to charitable uses, as well by kings and queens of England, as by other well disposed persons. ... The law of charitable uses. Wherein the statute of 43. Eliz. chap. 4. is set forth and explained; with directions how to sue out and prosecute commissions grounded upon that statute: also presidents, inquisitions, and decrees, with divers judgements, and resolutions upon exceptions and appeals against decrees; and other proceedings upon the said statute. By John Herne., and A plea for almes delivered in a sermon at the spital, before a solemn assembly of the city, on Tuesday in Easter week, April. 13. 1658. / By Thomas Watson Minister of Stephens Walbrook. Lond..

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

tcp, god, charity, religion, lord, church, world, man, sect, roman, men, love, law, england, early, commons, christian, christ, work, william, uses, thomason, text, sun, statute, sin, scripture, saint, prudence, protector, priests, pope, poor, people, parliament, non, mind, lords, like, life, laws, lands, land, kingdome, iesus, houshold, hospital, heaven, gospell, good

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be said, and A farewell to popery, in a letter to Dr. Nicholas, vice-chancellor of Oxford, and warden of New-College, from W. H., M. D., lately Fellow of the same college shewing, the true motives that with-drew him to the romish religion, and the reasons of his return to the Church of England : concluding with some short reflections concerning the great duty of charity. is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

charity, men, time, others, man, text, things, works, use, life, day, religion, good, nothing, thing, way, self, part, people, body, persons, world, reason, work, money, end, love, faith, year, poore, nature, selves, hath, truth, power, books, uses, name, times, t, texts, notice, mercy, mind, place, images, heart, hands, none, image

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

is, be, are, said, have, was, do, were, been, make, being, made, had, did, give, given, according, take, has, let, come, think, see, say, set, know, believe, having, done, hath, aforesaid, consider, put, encoded, taken, called, am, found, doing, appointed, concerning, find, mentioned, receive, brought, bring, makes, love, does, call

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

god, 〉, ◊, 〈, c., church, lord, charity, tcp, christ, lands, w., decree, s., hath, h., t., england, law, commissioners, j., sect, land, heaven, world, text, thou, statute, london, wee, d., christian, saint, christians, b., st., english, e., men, commission, gods, doe, r., l., will, religion, county, sir, poor, city

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

it, their, our, they, we, his, i, them, he, him, you, us, my, your, her, me, themselves, its, himself, thy, she, thee, one, ours, ''em, theirs, yours, ye, mine, vp, non, itself, ''s, us''d, whosoever, vnto, ourselves, ng, em

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

such, good, other, great, charitable, same, own, many, roman, poor, non, -, true, more, much, first, best, common, little, early, last, greater, better, due, english, present, most, late, particular, least, publick, greatest, whole, general, able, aforesaid, several, christian, wise, certain, second, necessary, available, holy, rich, few, free, very, new, former

not, so, then, more, as, now, well, most, therefore, also, very, up, even, out, much, onely, never, thereof, yet, only, ever, here, too, rather, first, in, often, down, there, still, further, thus, far, indeed, together, forth, especially, away, all, sometimes, online, no, otherwise, long, again, secondly, off, truly, over, early

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

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