A letter to friend concerning his changing his religion
         Davies, Rowland, 1649-1721.
      
       
         
           1692
        
      
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             A letter to friend concerning his changing his religion
             Davies, Rowland, 1649-1721.
          
           [4], 28 p.
           
             Printed for R. Clavell ...,
             London :
             1692.
          
           
             Reproduction of original in Bodleian Library.
             Letter signed: R.D.
             "The contents (summary of contents)": p. [2]-[4]
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Catholic Church -- Controversial literature.
           Catholic converts.
        
      
    
     
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           A
           LETTER
           TO
           A
           FRIEND
           ,
           Concerning
           his
           CHANGING
           HIS
           RELIGION
           .
        
         
           
             
               
                 
                   IMPRMATUR
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     
                       June
                       23.
                       1692.
                       
                    
                  
                   
                     R.
                     BARKER
                     .
                  
                
              
            
          
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           for
           
             R.
             Clavell
          
           ,
           at
           the
           Peacock
           in
           St.
           
             Paul's-Church
             yard
          
           ,
           1692.
           
        
      
       
         
         
           The
           CONTENTS
           .
        
         
           
           SHewing
           the
           reasonableness
           of
           any
           Man
           's
           changing
           his
           Religion
           upon
           proper
           Motives
           ,
           and
           of
           what
           nature
           they
           are
           ,
           and
           wherein
           the
           scandal
           of
           such
           a
           change
           is
           truly
           given
           .
           An
           enquiry
           is
           then
           made
           into
           the
           reasons
           of
           this
           Gentleman's
           Proceedings
           ,
           and
           those
           are
           observed
           to
           be
           chiefly
           two
           ,
           viz.
           That
           he
           might
           become
           more
           truly
           in
           the
           Communion
           of
           the
           Catholick
           Church
           ,
           and
           that
           he
           might
           be
           more
           Pure
           and
           Orthodox
           in
           his
           Faith
           and
           Worship
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           1.
           
           The
           first
           of
           these
           Proposals
           i●
           examined
           ,
           and
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           is
           shewn
           not
           to
           〈◊〉
           the
           Catholick
           Church
           upon
           account
           either
           of
           its
           Authority
           or
           Comprehension
           .
           The
           first
           is
           proved
           in
           that
           the
           Catholick
           Church
           was
           not
           establish'd
           by
           our
           Saviour
           under
           a
           Monarchical
           ,
           but
           an
           Aristocratical
           Government
           ;
           and
           this
           is
           shewn
           farther
           from
           the
           election
           and
           practice
           of
           the
           twelve
           Apostles
           .
           That
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           is
           but
           a
           particular
           Church
           is
           also
           shewn
           from
           Scripture
           .
           An
           Objection
           relating
           to
           St.
           Peter
           is
           answered
           .
           The
           practice
           of
           the
           Apostles
           and
           the
           Bishops
           their
           Successours
           shews
           that
           their
           Government
           was
           in
           Society
           .
           Several
           reasons
           are
           urged
           farther
           ,
           to
           prove
           that
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           cannot
           be
           the
           Catholick
           Church
           ;
           and
           that
           the
           Church
           of
           England
           as
           a
           particular
           Church
           hath
           equal
           right
           and
           as
           good
           a
           claim
           as
           she
           to
           all
           those
           Promises
           which
           are
           made
           unto
           the
           Church
           by
           our
           Blessed
           Saviour
           in
           the
           Gospel
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           2.
           
           This
           is
           further
           shewn
           to
           have
           been
           the
           opinions
           even
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           in
           former
           Ages
           ,
           and
           proved
           from
           her
           Decrees
           and
           Practice
           in
           the
           Sacrament
           of
           Baptism
           .
           A
           Comparison
           is
           also
           made
           between
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           ,
           and
           that
           of
           the
           Donatists
           on
           this
           pretence
           ,
           and
           St.
           
           Augustine's
           Argument
           against
           the
           one
           ,
           applyed
           
             in
             terminis
          
           unto
           the
           other
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           3.
           
           A
           Comparison
           is
           also
           made
           between
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           and
           Church
           of
           England
           as
           to
           terms
           of
           Communion
           ,
           and
           thereby
           it
           is
           shewn
           that
           (
           according
           to
           his
           notion
           of
           Catholick
           )
           he
           that
           lives
           in
           the
           Communion
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           England
           ,
           lives
           more
           in
           the
           Communion
           of
           the
           Catholick
           Church
           ,
           than
           any
           Member
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           4.
           
           A
           further
           Comparison
           is
           made
           between
           the
           Churches
           as
           to
           the
           Universality
           of
           their
           Doctrin
           ,
           and
           thereby
           it
           is
           shewn
           that
           the
           Catholick
           Faith
           is
           much
           more
           truly
           profest
           in
           the
           Church
           of
           England
           than
           in
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           .
        
         
         
           §
           .
           5.
           
           It
           is
           also
           shewn
           that
           in
           point
           of
           Doctrin
           the
           Church
           of
           England
           is
           more
           antient
           than
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           ,
           so
           that
           the
           old
           Religion
           appears
           evidently
           to
           be
           still
           profest
           there
           ,
           and
           that
           no
           new
           Doctrin
           was
           brought
           in
           ,
           but
           rather
           abolisht
           by
           the
           Reformation
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           6.
           
           The
           second
           Motive
           is
           enquired
           into
           and
           examined
           ,
           and
           a
           brief
           Comparison
           in
           this
           point
           is
           made
           between
           the
           Churches
           ;
           shewing
           how
           the
           one
           is
           ●ounded
           on
           the
           Scriptures
           ,
           and
           is
           consonant
           to
           the
           Law
           of
           God
           ,
           and
           the
           Principles
           of
           Reason
           ,
           while
           the
           other
           hath
           no
           ground
           but
           a
           loose
           Tradition
           ,
           and
           Contradicts
           them
           ,
           both
           in
           her
           Doctrin
           ,
           and
           Religious
           Practice
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           7.
           
           The
           Question
           is
           more
           particularly
           stated
           in
           that
           Doctrin
           and
           Practice
           that
           relates
           unto
           the
           Sacrament
           .
           With
           a
           brief
           Observation
           of
           the
           unreasonableness
           of
           the
           one
           ,
           and
           the
           danger
           of
           the
           other
           ,
           as
           they
           now
           stand
           in
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           8.
           
           The
           Doctrin
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           in
           this
           Point
           is
           laid
           down
           ,
           and
           two
           observations
           are
           made
           upon
           it
           :
           First
           ,
           That
           our
           Saviour's
           words
           at
           the
           Institution
           of
           the
           Sacrament
           are
           not
           to
           be
           understood
           in
           a
           literal
           sense
           ,
           as
           she
           asserteth
           .
           Secondly
           ,
           That
           if
           they
           were
           ,
           yet
           neither
           can
           her
           Doctrin
           be
           inferred
           from
           them
           ,
           nor
           her
           Practice
           be
           justified
           by
           them
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           9.
           
           The
           first
           of
           these
           is
           proved
           ,
           
           1st
           From
           the
           nature
           of
           the
           thing
           ,
           in
           that
           it
           contradicts
           our
           Senses
           ,
           which
           are
           shewn
           to
           be
           proper
           Judges
           in
           this
           Case
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           any
           other
           .
           The
           imposition
           also
           of
           the
           Schoolmen
           is
           detected
           ,
           in
           treating
           on
           this
           subject
           in
           improper
           terms
           ;
           and
           farther
           it
           is
           also
           shewn
           that
           in
           this
           sense
           they
           cannot
           agree
           with
           the
           concomitant
           expressions
           as
           well
           before
           as
           after
           the
           Institution
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           10.
           
           The
           same
           thing
           is
           proved
           2dly
           .
           From
           the
           design
           of
           the
           Institution
           ,
           which
           is
           shewn
           and
           explained
           ,
           and
           then
           compared
           with
           the
           Passover
           ,
           and
           other
           Sacrifices
           among
           the
           Jews
           ;
           and
           so
           both
           the
           Practice
           and
           the
           Benefits
           thereof
           are
           illustrated
           ,
           by
           shewing
           what
           they
           did
           ,
           and
           what
           they
           expected
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           11.
           
           It
           is
           proved
           also
           3dly
           ,
           From
           the
           occasion
           of
           that
           expression
           ,
           which
           is
           shewn
           to
           be
           a
           parallel
           Phrase
           constantly
           in
           use
           among
           the
           Jews
           at
           the
           Celebration
           of
           the
           Passover
           ,
           and
           so
           by
           the
           evident
           meaning
           of
           their
           words
           ,
           the
           sense
           of
           our
           Saviour
           is
           fully
           explained
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           12.
           
           The
           Doctrin
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           England
           in
           this
           Point
           is
           shewn
           to
           agree
           with
           that
           of
           the
           Fathers
           ,
           and
           the
           ancient
           Doctrin
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           
           her self
           .
           This
           is
           shewn
           to
           be
           still
           evident
           in
           the
           Roman
           
             Missal
             ,
             ▪
          
           although
           it
           hath
           been
           alter'd
           since
           the
           days
           of
           St.
           Ambrose
           ,
           to
           make
           it
           more
           conformable
           to
           the
           present
           Doctrin
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           13.
           
           The
           former
           Observation
           is
           proved
           4thly
           ,
           From
           our
           Saviour's
           own
           Declaration
           ,
           
             John
             vi
          
           .
           Where
           he
           tells
           his
           Disciples
           that
           he
           is
           spiritually
           to
           be
           understood
           ;
           and
           therefore
           as
           is
           further
           observed
           ,
           not
           only
           St.
           Paul
           ,
           but
           even
           the
           aforesaid
           Missal
           calleth
           the
           Sacrament
           Bread
           after
           its
           Consecration
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           14.
           
           Another
           Comparison
           is
           made
           between
           the
           Doctrin
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           ,
           and
           that
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           England
           ,
           as
           to
           the
           consequences
           of
           them
           ,
           and
           thereby
           shewn
           that
           in
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           Men
           hazard
           their
           Salvation
           on
           the
           truth
           of
           an
           Opinion
           that
           may
           be
           false
           ,
           and
           more
           than
           probably
           is
           so
           ;
           for
           none
           ,
           not
           the
           least
           advantage
           if
           it
           should
           be
           true
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           15.
           
           The
           other
           Observation
           also
           is
           propounded
           ,
           and
           therein
           it
           is
           shewn
           that
           our
           Saviour's
           words
           in
           the
           literal
           sense
           can
           only
           respect
           his
           Body
           ,
           and
           that
           too
           as
           it
           was
           dead
           ,
           and
           offer'd
           up
           to
           God
           in
           Sacrifice
           .
           And
           several
           Reasons
           are
           offered
           thence
           to
           shew
           ,
           that
           this
           is
           not
           a
           proper
           Object
           for
           Divine
           Worship
           ,
           and
           therefore
           observed
           that
           the
           Council
           of
           Trent
           to
           justifie
           their
           Practice
           ,
           do
           strein
           the
           words
           abundantly
           beyond
           all
           that
           they
           can
           bear
           ,
           without
           any
           Reason
           or
           Authority
           for
           it
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           16.
           
           Another
           danger
           is
           observed
           even
           in
           going
           to
           Mass
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           in
           the
           general
           Practice
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           ,
           in
           that
           many
           are
           always
           present
           whenever
           the
           Sacrament
           is
           Administred
           ,
           who
           are
           not
           in
           a
           fit
           state
           to
           be
           Partakers
           of
           it
           ;
           and
           this
           is
           shewn
           from
           Scripture
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           the
           Practice
           of
           the
           Primitive
           Christians
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           17.
           
           Some
           other
           Particulars
           of
           the
           like
           nature
           are
           proposed
           ,
           and
           briefly
           toucht
           to
           shew
           the
           further
           evidence
           of
           the
           Proposition
           discust
           :
           And
           so
           the
           Conclusion
           is
           made
           with
           an
           Exhortation
           to
           return
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           A
           LETTER
           TO
           A
           Friend
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           
             SIR
             ,
          
        
         
           AS
           every
           Man's
           Salvation
           is
           his
           Principal
           Concern
           ,
           and
           ought
           to
           be
           the
           chief
           end
           of
           all
           his
           Undertakings
           ,
           so
           no
           Action
           whatsoever
           can
           be
           justly
           lyable
           to
           Censure
           ,
           that
           is
           either
           founded
           on
           that
           motive
           ,
           or
           even
           tends
           to
           that
           design
           .
           But
           it
           is
           very
           unreasonable
           to
           find
           fault
           with
           him
           ,
           that
           shall
           change
           his
           Sentiments
           of
           Religion
           ,
           and
           consequently
           make
           an
           open
           Profession
           of
           it
           ;
           provided
           that
           he
           acts
           directly
           upon
           truly
           Christian
           Motives
           ,
           according
           to
           a
           real
           apprehension
           of
           the
           Truth
           ,
           and
           a
           serious
           Conviction
           of
           the
           Conscience
           .
           The
           only
           thing
           that
           in
           this
           Case
           is
           liable
           to
           Censure
           ,
           being
           a
           base
           compliance
           with
           the
           thoughts
           of
           other
           Men
           ,
           or
           a
           change
           of
           the
           True
           Religion
           upon
           false
           inducements
           ;
           since
           neither
           God
           nor
           Man
           can
           be
           secure
           of
           his
           Fidelity
           ,
           whom
           Interest
           can
           bribe
           to
           act
           against
           his
           Conscience
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           therefore
           no
           small
           Satisfaction
           unto
           me
           ,
           and
           I
           believe
           also
           to
           the
           rest
           of
           all
           your
           Friends
           ,
           that
           being
           well
           acquainted
           with
           your
           former
           Conversation
           ,
           we
           believe
           your
           sincerity
           in
           all
           that
           you
           have
           done
           ,
           and
           that
           no
           Temporal
           advantage
           (
           the
           too
           common
           spur
           of
           mean
           and
           fickle
           Spirits
           )
           could
           ever
           incline
           
           your
           thoughts
           to
           entertain
           a
           Notion
           ,
           but
           as
           you
           were
           perswaded
           of
           and
           confided
           in
           its
           Truth
           .
           So
           that
           either
           the
           want
           of
           a
           due
           Consideration
           in
           respect
           of
           your
           Motives
           to
           believe
           ,
           or
           some
           great
           mistake
           in
           your
           Notion
           of
           Religion
           ,
           and
           that
           as
           well
           in
           respect
           of
           the
           Faith
           which
           you
           deserted
           ,
           as
           of
           that
           which
           you
           embrace
           ,
           have
           ever
           appeared
           to
           me
           as
           the
           reason
           of
           your
           Change
           ;
           that
           you
           should
           quit
           those
           Principles
           wherein
           you
           were
           Bred
           ,
           for
           such
           as
           upon
           enquiry
           can
           never
           appear
           unto
           you
           ,
           either
           so
           Rational
           or
           so
           Christian
           .
           As
           it
           is
           the
           duty
           of
           every
           Christian
           therefore
           ,
           to
           endeavour
           the
           satisfaction
           of
           his
           offended
           Brother
           ,
           and
           to
           rectifie
           those
           Errors
           that
           have
           seduc'd
           him
           from
           the
           Faith
           ,
           so
           I
           think
           my self
           obliged
           ,
           by
           the
           special
           tyes
           of
           Friendship
           ,
           to
           be
           peculiarly
           concerned
           in
           your
           Restitution
           ,
           and
           not
           only
           to
           discover
           to
           you
           ,
           the
           Sophistry
           of
           those
           Arguments
           that
           have
           imposed
           upon
           you
           ,
           but
           also
           to
           explain
           those
           Truths
           ,
           wherewith
           you
           seem
           unacquainted
           .
        
         
           For
           if
           the
           account
           be
           true
           ,
           which
           I
           have
           had
           of
           your
           Desertion
           ,
           your
           Motives
           to
           leave
           the
           Church
           of
           England
           ,
           and
           Embrace
           the
           Communion
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           ,
           were
           these
           :
           A
           desire
           to
           live
           more
           truly
           in
           the
           Communion
           of
           the
           Catholick
           Church
           ;
           and
           to
           become
           more
           Orthodox
           in
           your
           Faith
           and
           Worship
           .
           If
           then
           I
           can
           make
           it
           evident
           that
           you
           were
           mistaken
           in
           both
           these
           great
           Proposals
           ,
           and
           that
           a
           contrary
           event
           in
           both
           ,
           is
           the
           sure
           result
           of
           this
           your
           undertaking
           ;
           It
           will
           be
           reasonable
           to
           expect
           your
           Repentance
           for
           what
           you
           have
           done
           ,
           and
           a
           Reconciliation
           to
           that
           Mother
           whom
           you
           have
           forsaken
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           1.
           
           How
           the
           first
           of
           these
           Proposals
           could
           ever
           influence
           your
           Practice
           ,
           is
           a
           very
           hard
           thing
           to
           be
           imagined
           ;
           or
           why
           you
           should
           phansie
           now
           ,
           that
           you
           are
           more
           in
           the
           Communion
           of
           the
           Catholick
           Church
           ,
           than
           you
           were
           among
           us
           before
           your
           Change
           ,
           is
           really
           a
           Conceit
           that
           I
           cannot
           find
           the
           ground
           of
           .
           Since
           the
           common
           imposition
           by
           the
           Name
           of
           Catholick
           ,
           must
           be
           too
           slight
           to
           move
           a
           Man
           of
           Learning
           :
           When
           the
           Name
           of
           
             Roman
             Catholick
          
           is
           but
           an
           usurpt
           Title
           ,
           that
           carries
           little
           less
           than
           a
           contradiction
           in
           the
           terms
           .
           I
           know
           indeed
           ,
           there
           is
           an
           Error
           in
           the
           Notion
           of
           Church-Government
           ,
           that
           is
           too
           prevalent
           with
           many
           Christians
           ,
           and
           may
           possibly
           seduce
           them
           from
           the
           Truth
           of
           their
           Religion
           ,
           to
           submit
           unto
           those
           Laws
           that
           can't
           oblige
           them
           :
           And
           that
           is
           ,
           That
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           Catholick
           Church
           on
           Earth
           is
           Originally
           Monarchical
           ,
           and
           
           consequently
           that
           the
           Unity
           thereof
           consists
           ,
           in
           the
           due
           subjection
           of
           all
           the
           Members
           unto
           the
           Dominion
           of
           one
           Universal
           Bishop
           .
           So
           that
           no
           Man
           can
           be
           a
           Christian
           ,
           or
           in
           the
           Communion
           of
           the
           Catholick
           Church
           ,
           but
           he
           that
           will
           submit
           unto
           the
           Pope's
           Authority
           .
           But
           in
           Truth
           it
           is
           fully
           evident
           from
           the
           Scriptures
           ,
           from
           the
           Constitution
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           and
           from
           the
           practice
           of
           all
           Christians
           in
           the
           Primitive
           Ages
           ,
           that
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           Church
           on
           Earth
           ,
           is
           Aristocratical
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           Unity
           thereof
           ,
           doth
           eminently
           consist
           in
           the
           Communion
           of
           all
           its
           Members
           .
           So
           that
           every
           Person
           that
           makes
           Profession
           of
           the
           Christian
           Faith
           ,
           and
           lives
           in
           the
           Communion
           of
           any
           particular
           Church
           or
           Society
           of
           Christians
           ,
           he
           is
           certainly
           in
           the
           Communion
           of
           the
           Catholick
           Church
           of
           Christ
           ;
           and
           according
           to
           the
           sincerity
           of
           his
           Profession
           ,
           he
           hath
           an
           undoubted
           Right
           unto
           all
           her
           Promises
           .
           For
           first
           the
           Scriptures
           do
           expresly
           tell
           us
           1
           ,
           that
           Christ
           Selected
           not
           one
           alone
           ,
           but
           twelve
           Apostles
           ,
           and
           2
           that
           he
           gave
           them
           all
           but
           one
           Commission
           jointly
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           made
           them
           by
           it
           all
           equal
           in
           Authority
           :
           That
           he
           was
           so
           far
           from
           constituting
           one
           as
           his
           Vicar
           upon
           Earth
           ,
           with
           an
           Absolute
           Dominion
           over
           all
           his
           Brethren
           ,
           that
           he
           forbad
           such
           Ambition
           as
           disagreeable
           with
           his
           Laws
           ,
           and
           Ordained
           Humility
           to
           be
           their
           way
           of
           Government
           .
           
             Ye
             know
          
           (
           saith
           he
           ,
           Mat.
           XX.
           25.
           )
           
             that
             the
             Princes
             of
             the
             Gentiles
             exercise
             dominion
             over
             them
             ,
             and
             they
             that
             are
             great
             ,
             exercise
             authority
             upon
             them
             .
             But
             it
             shall
             not
             be
             so
             among
             you
             :
             but
             whosoever
             will
             be
             great
             among
             you
             ,
             let
             him
             be
             your
             Minister
             :
             And
             whosoever
             will
             be
             chief
             among
             you
             ,
             let
             him
             be
             your
             Servant
             .
          
           Intimating
           clearly
           ,
           that
           Ecclesiastical
           Authority
           is
           not
           like
           the
           Dominion
           of
           the
           Gentils
           ,
           which
           was
           altogether
           managed
           in
           a
           Despotical
           way
           of
           Government
           :
           But
           as
           he
           himself
           was
           a
           pattern
           of
           Humility
           ,
           and
           submitted
           unto
           Death
           for
           the
           good
           of
           his
           People
           ;
           so
           their
           joint
           Power
           should
           consist
           in
           serving
           others
           ,
           without
           any
           pretence
           unto
           a
           Temporal
           Dominion
           .
           St.
           Paul
           ,
           therefore
           most
           evidently
           refers
           the
           building
           of
           the
           Body
           of
           Christ
           (
           which
           is
           certainly
           the
           Catholick
           Church
           )
           not
           to
           any
           one
           ,
           but
           unto
           the
           Apostles
           in
           the
           plural
           number
           ,
           Ephes
           .
           iv
           .
           11
           ,
           12.
           and
           although
           he
           was
           himself
           the
           last
           of
           all
           that
           Order
           ,
           being
           ,
           as
           he
           saith
           ,
           1
           Cor.
           xv
           .
           8
           ,
           9.
           
             the
             least
             of
             the
             Apostles
             ,
             as
             one
             that
             was
             born
             out
             of
             due
             time
             .
          
           Yet
           he
           assures
           the
           
             Galatians
             ,
             Galat.
          
           ii
           .
           7.
           that
           in
           point
           of
           Authority
           in
           the
           Church
           of
           Christ
           ,
           he
           was
           inferior
           unto
           no
           Man
           ,
           in
           that
           the
           
           Gospel
           of
           the
           Uncircumcision
           was
           committed
           unto
           him
           ,
           as
           that
           of
           the
           Circumcision
           was
           to
           Peter
           .
           And
           consequently
           then
           ,
           St.
           
           Peter's
           Principality
           (
           if
           he
           had
           any
           )
           was
           limited
           to
           the
           Jews
           that
           were
           Converted
           to
           the
           Faith
           ,
           and
           not
           extended
           to
           the
           Gentils
           ,
           over
           whom
           he
           ne're
           presided
           .
           So
           that
           in
           this
           pretence
           of
           a
           Succession
           from
           the
           Prince
           of
           the
           Apostles
           ,
           the
           Pope
           can
           have
           no
           claim
           to
           a
           Jurisdiction
           in
           our
           Countries
           ,
           except
           he
           can
           derive
           our
           Pedigree
           from
           those
           of
           the
           Circumcision
           .
        
         
           But
           to
           manifest
           more
           clearly
           ,
           that
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           is
           not
           the
           whole
           Tree
           or
           Body
           of
           Christians
           ,
           no
           nor
           so
           much
           as
           the
           Root
           thereof
           ,
           St.
           Paul
           not
           only
           reckons
           her
           among
           the
           Branches
           ,
           Rom.
           xi
           .
           17.
           but
           doth
           expresly
           admonish
           her
           not
           to
           usurp
           Dominion
           ,
           as
           if
           he
           were
           suspicious
           of
           her
           future
           greatness
           ,
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           (
           saith
           he
           )
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           
             Do
             not
             boast
             against
          
           ,
           or
           rather
           ,
           
             do
             not
             insult
             over
             the
             Branches
             .
             But
             if
             thou
             boast
             ,
          
           or
           insult
           thus
           ,
           
             thou
             bearest
             not
             the
             root
             ,
             but
             the
             root
             thee
             .
          
           Ib.
           v.
           18.
           
           And
           lastly
           ,
           to
           shew
           the
           World
           farther
           ,
           that
           it
           was
           but
           a
           particular
           Church
           ,
           and
           not
           the
           Catholick
           ,
           to
           whom
           he
           wrote
           that
           Epistle
           to
           the
           Romans
           ;
           he
           threatens
           her
           ,
           v.
           22.
           with
           being
           cut
           off
           or
           totally
           destroyed
           ,
           if
           she
           continueth
           not
           in
           the
           Goodness
           of
           God
           :
           Whereas
           Christ
           hath
           expresly
           promist
           to
           his
           Universal
           Church
           ,
           
             that
             the
             Gates
             of
             Hell
             shall
             not
             prevail
             against
             her
             ,
             Mat.
          
           xvi
           .
           18.
           
           If
           any
           Man
           shall
           urge
           against
           me
           ,
           that
           the
           Church
           to
           whom
           our
           Saviour
           made
           this
           promise
           ,
           must
           be
           founded
           on
           St.
           Peter
           (
           as
           the
           Text
           expresses
           it
           )
           and
           consequently
           it
           can
           be
           no
           other
           but
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           ,
           who
           claims
           all
           her
           Rights
           and
           Priviledges
           from
           him
           .
           I
           answer
           ,
           1
           st
           .
           That
           the
           whole
           Church
           of
           Christ
           may
           be
           said
           in
           some
           Sense
           ,
           to
           have
           been
           built
           upon
           St.
           Peter
           ;
           in
           that
           he
           was
           the
           first
           of
           the
           Apostles
           ,
           that
           Preacht
           the
           Gospel
           after
           the
           descent
           of
           the
           Holy
           Ghost
           upon
           them
           ;
           and
           it
           is
           obvious
           ,
           that
           by
           his
           Sermon
           so
           many
           were
           Converted
           to
           the
           Faith
           ,
           that
           a
           Church
           was
           founded
           thereby
           at
           Jerusalem
           ;
           and
           this
           being
           the
           first
           Fruits
           of
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           ,
           the
           whole
           Building
           might
           properly
           be
           represented
           by
           it
           ;
           and
           so
           that
           Promise
           of
           our
           Saviour
           doth
           not
           respect
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           ,
           whatsoever
           her
           pretences
           are
           ,
           but
           the
           whole
           Society
           or
           Body
           of
           Christians
           .
           2
           dly
           ,
           That
           St.
           Augustine
           in
           Expounding
           of
           that
           Text
           ,
           tells
           
           us
           3
           ,
           that
           by
           the
           Rock
           ,
           Christ
           meant
           himself
           ,
           and
           not
           St.
           Peter
           :
           And
           also
           ,
           that
           St.
           Peter
           is
           not
           to
           be
           understood
           in
           that
           place
           ,
           and
           many
           other
           in
           the
           Scripture
           ,
           as
           a
           single
           Person
           ,
           but
           as
           fully
           representing
           the
           whole
           Society
           or
           Body
           of
           Christians
           ,
           to
           whom
           the
           Promises
           were
           made
           ,
           and
           all
           those
           Favours
           given
           .
           For
           Christ's
           Question
           in
           that
           place
           ,
           was
           evidently
           proposed
           to
           all
           the
           Disciples
           ,
           and
           so
           the
           Answer
           to
           it
           appears
           in
           the
           name
           of
           all
           ;
           and
           whatever
           gift
           or
           promise
           was
           thus
           made
           to
           one
           ,
           is
           to
           be
           understood
           as
           having
           a
           respect
           to
           all
           :
           Since
           it
           is
           evident
           ,
           that
           there
           is
           no
           one
           particular
           Benefit
           or
           Power
           granted
           by
           our
           Saviour
           unto
           St.
           Peter
           ,
           but
           what
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Apostles
           (
           as
           the
           Fathers
           have
           observed
           )
           had
           an
           equal
           Right
           to
           ,
           and
           as
           great
           a
           Concern
           in
           .
           And
           if
           we
           consult
           our
           Ecclesiastical
           Records
           ,
           we
           shall
           find
           this
           Commission
           to
           be
           Executed
           thus
           4
           ;
           and
           (
           although
           St.
           Paul
           tells
           us
           ,
           that
           the
           care
           of
           all
           the
           Churches
           came
           upon
           him
           daily
           ,
           2
           Cor.
           xi
           .
           28.
           )
           yet
           both
           in
           planting
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           and
           in
           Governing
           it
           being
           planted
           ,
           no
           one
           single
           Person
           presided
           over
           all
           ,
           but
           they
           acted
           all
           alike
           as
           Members
           of
           a
           Society
           .
           And
           when
           they
           were
           called
           away
           by
           God
           to
           be
           rewarded
           for
           their
           Labours
           ,
           they
           left
           the
           same
           Form
           of
           Government
           with
           the
           Bishops
           their
           Successors
           ,
           who
           maintained
           it
           constantly
           for
           several
           Ages
           following
           .
           And
           whenever
           any
           Dispute
           or
           Controversie
           arose
           among
           them
           ,
           that
           was
           destructive
           to
           their
           Faith
           or
           Discipline
           (
           as
           it
           was
           observed
           among
           the
           Apostles
           themselves
           before
           5
           )
           they
           took
           care
           
           for
           to
           decide
           it
           in
           a
           Synod
           or
           Assembly
           .
           And
           we
           never
           find
           that
           any
           single
           Person
           under
           the
           pretence
           ,
           either
           of
           being
           Infallible
           ,
           or
           of
           having
           a
           Supream
           Power
           over
           all
           the
           rest
           ,
           did
           undertake
           for
           to
           determine
           what
           was
           thus
           Disputed
           ;
           but
           the
           Decree
           of
           the
           whole
           Church
           was
           required
           to
           decide
           it
           ,
           as
           the
           regular
           Act
           of
           the
           whole
           Society
           6
           :
           Some
           of
           the
           Bishops
           being
           still
           assembled
           in
           a
           Synod
           or
           Council
           ,
           and
           the
           rest
           submitting
           unto
           their
           determinations
           .
           Thus
           their
           Unity
           was
           maintained
           in
           the
           matters
           of
           greatest
           moment
           ,
           and
           by
           their
           7
           
             Literae
             Formatae
          
           ,
           or
           circular
           Epistles
           in
           all
           the
           things
           of
           smaller
           consequence
           ;
           and
           so
           they
           preserved
           themselves
           entire
           ,
           as
           one
           Society
           or
           Body
           of
           Christians
           ;
           not
           by
           any
           Superiority
           of
           one
           over
           the
           rest
           ,
           but
           by
           the
           right
           hand
           of
           fellowship
           from
           one
           to
           another
           8
           .
           And
           each
           of
           them
           was
           so
           perswaded
           of
           the
           Unity
           of
           the
           Catholick
           Church
           which
           was
           thus
           preserved
           ,
           that
           whosoever
           was
           excluded
           from
           the
           Communion
           of
           any
           one
           particular
           Church
           ,
           he
           was
           adjudged
           as
           cut
           off
           from
           the
           Communion
           of
           the
           whole
           :
           And
           could
           not
           be
           received
           into
           another
           Congregation
           ,
           until
           he
           was
           reconciled
           unto
           that
           Church
           which
           he
           offended
           9
           .
           So
           that
           the
           Catholick
           Church
           of
           Christ
           cannot
           be
           confined
           to
           any
           Country
           ,
           nor
           yet
           limited
           or
           restrained
           to
           one
           peculiar
           Governour
           :
           but
           it
           contains
           the
           whole
           Body
           or
           Society
           of
           Christians
           ,
           even
           all
           that
           are
           Baptized
           into
           the
           Covenant
           of
           Grace
           .
           And
           as
           every
           particular
           Church
           is
           at
           Unity
           in
           her self
           ,
           by
           the
           submission
           or
           agreement
           of
           all
           her
           Members
           under
           one
           Governour
           ,
           so
           is
           the
           Unity
           of
           the
           Catholick
           Church
           
           maintained
           by
           the
           agreement
           or
           correspondence
           of
           those
           Governours
           ,
           whereby
           they
           do
           compose
           one
           Catholick
           Society
           .
           And
           therefore
           it
           is
           well
           observed
           ,
           that
           there
           can
           be
           no
           more
           necessity
           of
           an
           Universal
           Bishop
           to
           establish
           and
           maintain
           this
           Unity
           in
           the
           Church
           ,
           than
           there
           is
           of
           an
           Universal
           Monarch
           ,
           to
           keep
           Peace
           and
           Commerce
           in
           the
           World
           :
           Since
           agreement
           among
           the
           Bishops
           ,
           is
           as
           sufficient
           to
           the
           one
           ,
           as
           correspondence
           among
           Princes
           ,
           is
           unto
           the
           other
           .
           And
           as
           there
           cannot
           possibly
           be
           more
           than
           one
           Catholick
           Church
           ,
           because
           it
           contains
           all
           Christians
           ,
           and
           consequently
           all
           particular
           Churches
           whatsoever
           :
           So
           no
           one
           particular
           Society
           of
           Christians
           (
           let
           its
           extent
           be
           never
           so
           great
           ,
           or
           Members
           numerous
           )
           can
           justly
           lay
           a
           claim
           unto
           that
           Title
           .
           Nor
           on
           the
           other
           hand
           ,
           can
           any
           particular
           Church
           cease
           to
           be
           a
           Member
           of
           this
           Catholick
           ,
           as
           long
           as
           she
           continues
           Christian
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           as
           long
           as
           she
           retaineth
           the
           Holy
           Scriptures
           as
           the
           word
           of
           God
           and
           expounds
           their
           meaning
           by
           Catholick
           Tradition
           .
           And
           consequently
           then
           ,
           no
           Society
           of
           Christians
           can
           be
           denied
           this
           priviledge
           or
           any
           other
           Right
           and
           Claim
           which
           the
           Catholick
           Church
           pretends
           to
           ,
           until
           they
           do
           renounce
           the
           Faith
           ,
           and
           cease
           to
           be
           Christians
           ,
           and
           so
           are
           no
           longer
           Members
           of
           the
           Body
           of
           Christ
           .
        
         
           That
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           therefore
           is
           the
           Catholick
           Church
           ,
           upon
           account
           ,
           either
           of
           its
           Authority
           or
           comprehension
           ,
           is
           no
           more
           a
           Truth
           ,
           than
           that
           a
           part
           is
           the
           whole
           ;
           the
           terms
           being
           equally
           evident
           ,
           and
           therefore
           as
           plain
           in
           the
           conclusion
           .
           And
           if
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           is
           but
           a
           particular
           Church
           ,
           and
           so
           a
           Member
           only
           of
           the
           Catholick
           :
           The
           Church
           of
           England
           also
           must
           have
           an
           equal
           claim
           unto
           the
           same
           Right
           and
           Title
           ,
           while
           no
           one
           can
           deny
           ,
           that
           she
           is
           Christian
           :
           And
           therefore
           she
           cannot
           lose
           her
           Property
           in
           the
           Promises
           of
           her
           Saviour
           ,
           till
           she
           quits
           that
           Christianity
           whereon
           they
           are
           founded
           .
           Whence
           it
           evidently
           follows
           ,
           that
           all
           the
           Members
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           England
           ,
           are
           equally
           qualified
           for
           all
           Priviledges
           in
           Religion
           ,
           and
           all
           Advantages
           in
           respect
           of
           the
           Catholick
           Church
           ,
           which
           any
           Member
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           can
           have
           a
           just
           claim
           or
           reason
           to
           pretend
           to
           .
        
         
           §
           2.
           
           This
           is
           a
           Truth
           of
           so
           much
           Evidence
           ,
           that
           all
           the
           Antient
           Christians
           ,
           even
           in
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           believed
           it
           ;
           otherwise
           their
           Decree
           against
           Re-baptizing
           Hereticks
           10
           ,
           made
           by
           Pope
           Corn●lius
           ,
           and
           confirmed
           after
           by
           Pope
           Stephen
           ,
           
           must
           contradict
           the
           Principles
           of
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           ,
           and
           deny
           Salvation
           unto
           Penitent
           Believers
           :
           For
           if
           no
           Man
           can
           be
           a
           Christian
           ,
           but
           he
           that
           is
           in
           the
           Communion
           of
           the
           Catholick
           Church
           ,
           and
           11
           Baptism
           is
           not
           Sacramental
           nor
           Beneficial
           to
           Salvation
           ,
           where
           the
           Person
           is
           excluded
           from
           the
           Society
           of
           Cristians
           :
           Such
           Baptism
           then
           must
           be
           necessary
           to
           Salvation
           ,
           as
           doth
           make
           a
           Man
           a
           Christian
           and
           a
           Member
           of
           that
           Society
           .
           If
           any
           Person
           therefore
           that
           is
           Baptized
           by
           one
           ,
           whom
           you
           call
           Heretick
           ,
           and
           with
           whose
           Church
           you
           will
           not
           Communicate
           ,
           be
           notwithstanding
           this
           so
           much
           a
           Christian
           ,
           as
           that
           he
           is
           to
           be
           Baptized
           no
           more
           ;
           but
           if
           he
           shall
           change
           his
           Religion
           and
           become
           a
           Convert
           to
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           ,
           they
           will
           receive
           him
           into
           their
           Communion
           ,
           but
           never
           permit
           him
           to
           be
           Baptized
           again
           :
           I
           say
           then
           ,
           this
           is
           a
           fair
           Concession
           from
           themselves
           ,
           that
           they
           Believe
           that
           he
           was
           a
           Christian
           ,
           and
           consequently
           a
           Member
           of
           the
           Body
           of
           Christ
           ,
           before
           he
           was
           actually
           of
           their
           Communion
           .
           For
           the
           Scripture
           tells
           12
           us
           ,
           that
           every
           Branch
           (
           although
           it
           is
           unfruitful
           ,
           yet
           it
           )
           abideth
           in
           the
           Vine
           ,
           until
           it
           is
           cut
           off
           ,
           viz.
           by
           an
           Apostacie
           from
           the
           Faith
           ;
           nor
           can
           any
           new
           Branch
           be
           grafted
           in
           ,
           but
           by
           that
           Sacrament
           of
           Baptism
           ,
           which
           Christ
           ordained
           for
           it
           .
           And
           therefore
           it
           is
           evident
           ,
           that
           those
           Antient
           Fathers
           did
           not
           believe
           that
           all
           Men
           were
           Apostates
           ,
           who
           differed
           from
           them
           in
           Opinion
           as
           to
           Religion
           ,
           but
           acknowledged
           that
           they
           were
           still
           Christians
           though
           Erroneous
           ,
           and
           therefore
           would
           not
           repeat
           their
           Baptism
           which
           was
           compleat
           before
           ,
           but
           received
           them
           Charitably
           by
           the
           Imposition
           of
           Hands
           .
           Which
           is
           a
           sufficient
           Evidence
           ,
           that
           the
           Catholick
           Church
           of
           Christ
           is
           more
           extensive
           than
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           ,
           and
           that
           a
           Christian
           may
           be
           a
           Member
           of
           the
           one
           ,
           although
           he
           is
           not
           actually
           in
           the
           Communion
           of
           the
           other
           .
        
         
           And
           therefore
           it
           is
           observable
           even
           at
           this
           day
           ,
           that
           in
           the
           Administration
           of
           Baptism
           in
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           ,
           no
           Man
           is
           obliged
           by
           his
           Baptismal
           Vow
           to
           believe
           their
           own
           Articles
           or
           Constitutions
           ,
           but
           only
           to
           Profess
           the
           Christian
           Faith
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           in
           common
           with
           all
           other
           Christians
           ;
           and
           which
           is
           not
           sufficient
           in
           a
           state
           of
           Maturity
           ,
           to
           qualifie
           any
           Person
           to
           be
           of
           their
           Communion
           .
           And
           consequently
           then
           those
           Articles
           are
           
           not
           necessary
           in
           order
           to
           be
           a
           Christian
           ,
           although
           the
           proper
           Standard
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           :
           But
           a
           Man
           may
           be
           a
           Member
           of
           the
           Catholick
           Church
           ,
           that
           is
           not
           precisely
           one
           of
           her
           Communion
           .
           There
           is
           a
           Famous
           Act
           Recorded
           of
           the
           Donatists
           in
           Africa
           13
           ,
           that
           is
           exactly
           parallel
           with
           our
           present
           case
           .
           They
           being
           scarce
           a
           National
           or
           particular
           Church
           ,
           but
           rather
           a
           broken
           part
           or
           fraction
           of
           one
           ,
           yet
           positively
           decreed
           themselves
           to
           be
           the
           Catholick
           Church
           of
           Christ
           ,
           and
           in
           a
           Synod
           of
           their
           own
           party
           ,
           formally
           Excommunicated
           all
           other
           Christians
           ,
           that
           would
           not
           submit
           unto
           their
           determinations
           .
           But
           certainly
           ,
           no
           Rational
           Man
           will
           say
           ,
           that
           that
           Decree
           so
           made
           ,
           was
           True
           and
           Authentick
           ,
           or
           that
           all
           the
           Christian
           Church
           was
           obliged
           to
           submit
           unto
           it
           ,
           and
           to
           be
           concluded
           by
           it
           ,
           because
           it
           was
           boldly
           delivered
           as
           a
           Truth
           ,
           and
           confidently
           asserted
           with
           over-great
           assurance
           ,
           by
           a
           company
           of
           Men
           ,
           that
           called
           themselves
           a
           Council
           :
           But
           rather
           on
           the
           contary
           ,
           such
           an
           Act
           is
           to
           be
           derided
           ,
           and
           the
           Censure
           laught
           at
           ,
           as
           contrary
           to
           Reason
           and
           all
           Humane
           Constitutions
           ,
           which
           leave
           all
           Persons
           in
           their
           perfect
           Liberty
           ,
           until
           by
           themselves
           it
           is
           submitted
           .
           And
           therefore
           St.
           
           Augustine's
           Argument
           14
           against
           them
           ,
           is
           as
           fully
           unanswerable
           in
           respect
           of
           us
           ,
           who
           make
           the
           same
           Plea
           against
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           .
           For
           if
           you
           confess
           that
           I
           am
           a
           Christian
           ,
           (
           although
           I
           am
           no
           Papist
           )
           you
           declare
           then
           ,
           that
           the
           Christian
           Faith
           is
           openly
           profest
           without
           the
           Communion
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           .
           And
           whosoever
           will
           endeavour
           to
           reduce
           the
           
             Catholick
             Church
          
           to
           such
           a
           narrow
           compass
           ,
           must
           be
           Guilty
           of
           the
           Schism
           that
           is
           occasioned
           by
           it
           ,
           in
           excluding
           so
           many
           Christians
           from
           the
           Communion
           of
           Saints
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           3.
           
           But
           that
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           might
           render
           it self
           more
           a
           particular
           Church
           ,
           and
           less
           the
           Catholick
           (
           if
           possible
           )
           than
           any
           other
           is
           ,
           she
           hath
           of
           late
           years
           streightned
           her
           own
           extent
           extreamly
           ,
           by
           setting
           such
           new
           limits
           and
           restraints
           on
           her
           Communion
           ,
           as
           former
           Ages
           never
           heard
           of
           ,
           nor
           the
           
             Catholick
             Church
          
           ever
           prescribed
           or
           exacted
           .
           Thus
           Purgatory
           15
           was
           far
           from
           being
           an
           Article
           of
           Faith
           ,
           and
           necessary
           to
           Salvation
           in
           the
           days
           of
           St.
           Augustine
           .
           Or
           the
           Worshiping
           of
           Images
           ,
           from
           
           being
           a
           Duty
           in
           Religion
           before
           the
           second
           Council
           of
           Nice
           16
           So
           that
           without
           believing
           things
           that
           are
           incredible
           ,
           viz.
           Transubstantiation
           ,
           the
           Infallibility
           of
           the
           Pope
           ,
           &c.
           
           And
           doing
           things
           that
           are
           unpracticable
           ,
           viz.
           Worshiping
           the
           Host
           ,
           and
           the
           Virgin
           Mary
           ,
           &c.
           no
           Man
           can
           be
           admitted
           now
           into
           her
           Communion
           ,
           but
           a
           Man
           ,
           that
           is
           a
           real
           and
           most
           faithful
           Christian
           ,
           that
           believeth
           in
           and
           conformeth
           himself
           to
           the
           Holy
           Scriptures
           ,
           and
           also
           doth
           expound
           them
           in
           hard
           places
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           Faith
           and
           Practice
           of
           the
           Primitive
           Christians
           :
           Yet
           notwithstanding
           all
           this
           ,
           he
           is
           excluded
           by
           her
           as
           being
           an
           In●idel
           ,
           and
           as
           far
           as
           in
           her
           lyeth
           ,
           is
           deprived
           of
           the
           common
           Benefits
           ,
           and
           the
           Priviledges
           of
           a
           Christian
           .
           Whereas
           the
           Church
           which
           you
           Deserted
           ,
           is
           evidently
           in
           this
           Case
           conformable
           to
           the
           Catholick
           ,
           in
           that
           any
           faithful
           Christian
           of
           any
           other
           particular
           Communion
           ,
           if
           he
           doth
           believe
           the
           Scriptures
           ,
           and
           understand
           them
           in
           the
           Sense
           of
           the
           Universal
           Church
           (
           as
           it
           is
           delivered
           by
           the
           four
           General
           Councils
           )
           which
           you
           must
           also
           own
           to
           be
           the
           Catholick
           Faith
           ,
           if
           your
           Opinion
           differs
           not
           from
           that
           of
           Athanasius
           :
           If
           this
           Man
           ,
           I
           say
           ,
           doth
           make
           it
           his
           business
           to
           live
           up
           unto
           those
           Rules
           ,
           he
           is
           freely
           admitted
           into
           her
           Communion
           ,
           and
           may
           publickly
           enjoy
           all
           the
           common
           Rights
           and
           Benefits
           of
           a
           Christian
           ,
           without
           any
           other
           Injunction
           or
           Imposition
           on
           his
           Conscience
           .
           For
           none
           of
           her
           Articles
           are
           propounded
           with
           Anathema's
           ,
           nor
           is
           there
           so
           much
           as
           a
           bar
           from
           her
           Communion
           inflicted
           on
           those
           Persons
           that
           do
           not
           Subscribe
           them
           ;
           but
           (
           as
           their
           Title
           shews
           us
           )
           they
           were
           composed
           for
           Peace
           ,
           for
           the
           avoiding
           of
           diversity
           of
           Opinions
           ,
           and
           for
           the
           Establishing
           of
           consent
           touching
           True
           Religion
           .
           For
           the
           never
           did
           believe
           ,
           that
           any
           Society
           on
           Earth
           (
           as
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           asserts
           it
           of
           her self
           17
           )
           had
           power
           either
           to
           alter
           or
           to
           add
           unto
           the
           Faith
           ,
           or
           to
           contradict
           the
           Institution
           of
           our
           Saviour
           ,
           and
           the
           practice
           of
           the
           Primitive
           Christians
           ,
           with
           a
           bold
           tamen
           or
           
             non
             obstante
          
           to
           them
           ,
           or
           ever
           to
           impose
           now
           Articles
           of
           Faith
           
           upon
           the
           People
           ,
           as
           absolutely
           necessary
           unto
           their
           Salvation
           ,
           which
           the
           Primitive
           Christians
           for
           some
           hundreds
           of
           years
           ,
           were
           never
           known
           to
           have
           thought
           ,
           or
           heard
           of
           .
           So
           that
           (
           according
           to
           your
           own
           Notion
           )
           if
           to
           be
           Catholick
           ,
           is
           to
           be
           of
           no
           Party
           nor
           Faction
           in
           Religious
           Matters
           ,
           but
           a
           Christian
           in
           full
           latitude
           and
           in
           respect
           of
           the
           Church
           in
           general
           ,
           since
           every
           Member
           of
           the
           Universal
           Church
           must
           adjoin
           himself
           to
           some
           particular
           Society
           ;
           he
           that
           is
           in
           the
           Communion
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           England
           ,
           must
           appear
           to
           live
           in
           the
           Communion
           of
           the
           
             Catholick
             Church
          
           ,
           more
           than
           any
           Member
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           :
           And
           you
           were
           strangely
           mistaken
           in
           your
           Sentiments
           of
           Religion
           ,
           when
           in
           this
           Notion
           of
           the
           
             Catholick
             Church
          
           ,
           you
           quitted
           the
           one
           Communion
           ,
           and
           Embrac'd
           the
           other
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           4.
           
           But
           perhaps
           you
           will
           tell
           me
           ,
           that
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           is
           truly
           Catholick
           ,
           not
           so
           much
           upon
           account
           of
           its
           extent
           or
           comprehension
           ,
           or
           even
           the
           terms
           of
           Communion
           in
           her
           ,
           as
           for
           her
           Antiquity
           and
           Catholick
           Doctrin
           ;
           in
           that
           ,
           she
           appears
           the
           same
           from
           the
           days
           of
           the
           Apostles
           ,
           while
           the
           Church
           of
           England
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           now
           establisht
           ,
           seems
           to
           take
           her
           date
           from
           the
           Reformation
           of
           her
           .
           If
           these
           should
           be
           your
           thoughts
           ,
           there
           are
           two
           particulars
           that
           deserve
           to
           be
           considered
           by
           you
           .
           1
           st
           .
           That
           no
           Article
           of
           Faith
           is
           maintained
           in
           the
           Church
           of
           England
           as
           necessary
           to
           Salvation
           ,
           but
           what
           is
           evidently
           founded
           on
           the
           Holy
           Scriptures
           18
           ,
           and
           consequently
           hath
           been
           believed
           and
           received
           as
           such
           ,
           by
           every
           true
           Christian
           from
           the
           Primitive
           Ages
           .
           So
           that
           you
           cannot
           instance
           any
           one
           particular
           ,
           that
           we
           hold
           as
           such
           ,
           to
           which
           the
           universal
           rule
           of
           Catholick
           Doctrin
           ,
           may
           not
           be
           easily
           and
           properly
           applyed
           ,
           
             viz.
             Ab
             omnibus
             ubique
             &
             semper
             fuit
             creditum
             .
          
           It
           was
           at
           all
           times
           ,
           and
           in
           all
           places
           ,
           and
           by
           all
           Men
           believed
           .
           Whereas
           every
           particular
           ,
           wherein
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           doth
           differ
           from
           her
           ,
           is
           also
           evidently
           of
           a
           later
           date
           ;
           and
           it
           is
           easie
           to
           instance
           ,
           whenever
           you
           require
           it
           ,
           if
           not
           the
           particular
           time
           when
           it
           was
           introduc'd
           ,
           at
           least
           a
           certain
           Age
           when
           it
           was
           not
           so
           believed
           .
           And
           consequently
           then
           the
           Doctrin
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           ,
           
           as
           she
           is
           at
           variance
           with
           the
           Church
           of
           England
           ,
           cannot
           with
           any
           Truth
           be
           stiled
           Catholick
           ,
           nor
           as
           it
           is
           such
           ,
           be
           the
           occasion
           of
           your
           Change.
           
        
         
           §
           .
           5.
           
           The
           Second
           particular
           is
           ,
           that
           the
           Reformation
           of
           any
           thing
           ,
           doth
           not
           extirpate
           its
           former
           being
           ,
           and
           new
           make
           it
           ,
           nor
           yet
           essentially
           change
           it
           from
           the
           same
           thing
           that
           it
           was
           before
           ;
           but
           only
           rectifying
           what
           was
           formerly
           amiss
           ,
           and
           removing
           all
           things
           that
           were
           repugnant
           to
           its
           Nature
           ,
           it
           leaves
           the
           Being
           essentially
           the
           same
           ,
           but
           renders
           it
           abundantly
           more
           pure
           and
           illustrious
           .
           The
           Church
           of
           England
           therefore
           ,
           cannot
           be
           truly
           said
           to
           have
           lost
           or
           changed
           any
           of
           the
           Fundamentals
           of
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           by
           her
           Reformation
           ,
           or
           any
           wise
           to
           cease
           from
           being
           the
           same
           Church
           that
           it
           was
           before
           ;
           since
           whatsoever
           was
           received
           by
           the
           Primitive
           Christians
           ,
           she
           still
           holdeth
           ,
           believeth
           ,
           and
           openly
           professeth
           ;
           and
           whatsoever
           was
           not
           so
           ,
           she
           never
           could
           esteem
           as
           part
           of
           her
           Religion
           .
           And
           she
           hath
           made
           no
           change
           ,
           either
           in
           her
           Faith
           or
           Practice
           ,
           but
           by
           rejecting
           of
           such
           Unchristian
           Novelties
           ,
           as
           in
           the
           times
           of
           Ignorance
           and
           oppressing
           Tyranny
           were
           slily
           introduc'd
           ,
           and
           forcibly
           imposed
           upon
           her
           .
           Whereas
           in
           the
           Canons
           of
           the
           Council
           of
           Trent
           (
           which
           do
           comprize
           the
           Faith
           ,
           and
           regulate
           the
           Communion
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           )
           not
           only
           many
           things
           reputed
           by
           the
           Ancient
           Fathers
           ,
           as
           uncertain
           ,
           (
           for
           instance
           ,
           Purgatory
           19
           (
           as
           I
           shewed
           before
           )
           but
           also
           some
           that
           are
           evidently
           false
           ,
           viz.
           Transubstantiation
           ,
           as
           will
           appear
           hereafter
           )
           are
           not
           only
           therein
           determined
           ,
           and
           as
           Articles
           of
           your
           Faith
           ,
           made
           a
           part
           of
           your
           Religion
           ,
           but
           also
           delivered
           to
           us
           with
           an
           Anathema
           to
           Unbelievers
           ,
           and
           as
           the
           express
           terms
           of
           the
           Communion
           .
           If
           therefore
           you
           will
           say
           ,
           that
           the
           Religion
           or
           the
           Being
           of
           a
           Church
           ,
           is
           to
           take
           its
           beginning
           from
           the
           last
           system
           of
           the
           Christian
           Faith
           ,
           or
           the
           last
           change
           of
           Discipline
           that
           was
           Establisht
           in
           her
           ;
           and
           will
           consider
           farther
           ,
           that
           the
           Faith
           of
           a
           Christian
           ,
           is
           to
           be
           measured
           
             à
             credendis
          
           ,
           not
           
             à
             negatis
          
           ,
           from
           the
           points
           to
           be
           believed
           ,
           not
           those
           uncertainties
           that
           are
           deny'd
           by
           him
           ;
           You
           will
           find
           it
           necessary
           to
           acknowledge
           ,
           that
           the
           Old
           Religion
           is
           maintained
           in
           the
           Church
           of
           England
           ,
           and
           that
           that
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           is
           of
           a
           
           later
           date
           :
           Since
           the
           Church
           of
           England
           (
           as
           I
           shew'd
           before
           )
           stands
           by
           the
           Primitive
           Rule
           of
           Faith
           ,
           and
           what
           ever
           was
           so
           determined
           by
           the
           first
           four
           General
           Councils
           ;
           and
           this
           without
           the
           mixture
           of
           any
           Secular
           Notions
           ,
           or
           any
           thing
           that
           is
           opposite
           ,
           either
           to
           Reason
           or
           the
           Scriptures
           ;
           and
           consequently
           then
           ,
           she
           professeth
           the
           same
           Faith
           ,
           and
           the
           same
           Religion
           ,
           which
           she
           ever
           did
           ,
           and
           is
           not
           essentially
           changed
           since
           she
           was
           first
           Establish'd
           .
           But
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           hath
           evidently
           made
           many
           changes
           and
           innovations
           ,
           both
           in
           Faith
           and
           Practice
           ,
           and
           hath
           imposed
           new
           Articles
           as
           necessary
           to
           Salvation
           ,
           which
           were
           never
           so
           reputed
           before
           her
           Injunction
           .
           And
           therefore
           in
           point
           of
           Doctrin
           as
           also
           ,
           she
           cannot
           be
           truly
           called
           the
           
             Catholick
             Church
          
           ,
           nor
           on
           that
           account
           have
           drawn
           you
           to
           her
           Communion
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           6.
           
           As
           to
           your
           second
           Motive
           ,
           founded
           upon
           the
           Excellence
           ,
           both
           of
           Faith
           and
           Practice
           ,
           which
           you
           supposed
           in
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           ,
           as
           that
           it
           is
           more
           Orthodox
           than
           the
           Church
           of
           England
           :
           Should
           I
           Examine
           at
           large
           every
           particular
           Disputation
           ,
           into
           which
           this
           Point
           may
           lead
           us
           ,
           to
           determine
           it
           ,
           and
           which
           is
           already
           extant
           and
           discust
           fully
           upon
           this
           Subject
           ;
           it
           would
           probably
           require
           more
           time
           than
           I
           can
           have
           leisure
           to
           expend
           ,
           and
           withal
           ,
           would
           seem
           impertinent
           to
           my
           present
           design
           ,
           which
           is
           your
           Satisfaction
           ,
           with
           all
           brevity
           and
           plainess
           :
           Especially
           ,
           when
           so
           much
           hath
           been
           said
           already
           by
           more
           Learned
           Persons
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           almost
           as
           impossible
           to
           add
           to
           ,
           as
           to
           answer
           their
           Arguments
           ;
           and
           I
           cannot
           but
           suppose
           ,
           that
           you
           are
           acquainted
           with
           them
           ,
           although
           you
           seem
           not
           satisfied
           nor
           convinced
           by
           their
           Evidence
           .
           It
           is
           certainly
           sufficient
           in
           this
           case
           ,
           to
           have
           recourse
           but
           to
           our
           foundation
           ;
           that
           our
           Faith
           and
           Worship
           both
           ,
           are
           wholly
           founded
           upon
           the
           Scriptures
           ,
           have
           the
           consent
           of
           the
           Universal
           Church
           ,
           backt
           with
           Reason
           and
           an
           uninterrupted
           Practice
           ,
           which
           warrants
           and
           maintains
           whatever
           we
           hold
           as
           necessary
           ,
           against
           the
           force
           of
           all
           manner
           of
           Opponents
           .
           Whereas
           ,
           the
           Doctrin
           and
           Devotion
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           ,
           is
           chiefly
           built
           upon
           a
           loose
           Tradition
           ,
           or
           rather
           indeed
           ,
           the
           Projects
           and
           Inventions
           of
           Monastick
           Votaries
           ;
           such
           20
           as
           True
           Religion
           cannot
           countenance
           ,
           
           nor
           the
           Law
           of
           God
           be
           perswaded
           to
           comply
           with
           .
           In
           so
           much
           ,
           that
           should
           a
           Stranger
           but
           inspect
           our
           Churches
           ,
           and
           knowing
           only
           that
           God
           is
           a
           Spirit
           ,
           and
           that
           they
           that
           worship
           him
           ,
           must
           worship
           him
           in
           Spirit
           and
           in
           Truth
           ;
           should
           he
           examine
           the
           grounds
           and
           circumstances
           of
           Publick
           Devotion
           in
           them
           ,
           he
           would
           discover
           clearly
           the
           Nature
           of
           our
           Religion
           ,
           both
           consonant
           to
           Reason
           and
           the
           God
           we
           Worship
           ;
           while
           the
           other
           is
           hid
           in
           Ceremonies
           ,
           buried
           in
           external
           I
           ormalities
           ,
           and
           makes
           but
           a
           meer
           shew
           or
           pageant
           of
           Devotion
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           7.
           
           But
           since
           however
           ,
           there
           is
           one
           particular
           case
           of
           moment
           ,
           in
           deciding
           whereof
           ,
           this
           Question
           may
           be
           resolved
           also
           ,
           viz.
           Whither
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           ,
           or
           Church
           of
           England
           ,
           is
           more
           Pure
           and
           Orthodox
           ,
           both
           in
           Faith
           and
           Worship
           ?
           It
           will
           not
           be
           amiss
           to
           enquire
           into
           it
           briefly
           ,
           and
           compare
           our
           Faith
           and
           Practice
           ,
           in
           relation
           to
           the
           Sacrament
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           most
           Solemn
           branch
           of
           our
           Devotion
           .
           For
           I
           shall
           ever
           acknowledge
           it
           as
           an
           obligation
           from
           you
           ,
           if
           you
           will
           be
           fair
           in
           this
           particular
           ,
           and
           communicate
           your
           own
           Thoughts
           freely
           without
           prevarication
           ,
           whether
           you
           can
           submit
           your
           Reason
           in
           this
           particular
           ,
           to
           that
           Doctrin
           of
           your
           Church
           ,
           that
           is
           so
           much
           against
           it
           ?
           Whither
           you
           can
           believe
           in
           your
           Conscience
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           openly
           profest
           ,
           that
           a
           Priest
           by
           Consecrating
           Bread
           and
           Wine
           according
           to
           the
           Missal
           ,
           can
           change
           their
           substance
           into
           that
           of
           God
           ?
           Or
           so
           Establish
           the
           Divinity
           in
           those
           Creatures
           ,
           or
           under
           the
           covert
           of
           their
           Accidents
           ,
           as
           really
           to
           make
           them
           ,
           or
           what
           you
           see
           upon
           the
           Table
           ,
           in
           their
           Shape
           ,
           to
           become
           a
           proper
           Object
           to
           be
           Worshipt
           and
           Adored
           ?
           For
           since
           nothing
           can
           be
           more
           absurd
           ,
           nor
           indeed
           more
           criminal
           in
           Religion
           ,
           than
           to
           apply
           God's
           Worship
           to
           any
           thing
           that
           is
           not
           God
           ;
           there
           is
           nothing
           less
           than
           a
           belief
           of
           this
           particular
           ,
           that
           can
           be
           pleaded
           by
           you
           ,
           to
           justifie
           your
           Practice
           ,
           when
           you
           Worship
           and
           Adore
           the
           Consecrated
           Host
           in
           the
           constant
           Exercise
           of
           your
           Publick
           Devotion
           .
           Let
           us
           enquire
           therefore
           ,
           I
           beseech
           you
           ,
           into
           the
           foundation
           of
           this
           Faith
           ,
           and
           how
           this
           Notion
           (
           which
           appears
           impossible
           to
           Mankind
           )
           should
           come
           to
           have
           that
           Credit
           in
           the
           Church
           ,
           as
           to
           be
           made
           a
           Principle
           of
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           ;
           and
           not
           only
           be
           received
           as
           an
           Article
           of
           Faith
           ,
           but
           to
           be
           made
           the
           ground-work
           also
           of
           such
           a
           dangerous
           Practice
           .
        
         
         
           §
           .
           8.
           
           The
           Church
           of
           Rome
           dogmatically
           tells
           us
           21
           that
           our
           Blessed
           Saviour
           at
           the
           Institution
           of
           his
           Holy
           Supper
           ,
           changed
           the
           substance
           of
           the
           Bread
           and
           Wine
           ,
           into
           the
           substance
           of
           his
           own
           Body
           and
           Blood.
           For
           saying
           of
           the
           Bread
           ,
           
             This
             is
             my
             Body
          
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           Wine
           ,
           
             This
             is
             my
             Blood
          
           ,
           and
           in
           both
           Expressions
           ,
           being
           literally
           to
           be
           understood
           by
           all
           Men
           ,
           his
           Expressions
           cannot
           be
           true
           ,
           except
           this
           change
           be
           really
           effected
           :
           It
           being
           impossible
           in
           a
           literal
           Sense
           ,
           that
           the
           same
           thing
           at
           the
           same
           time
           ,
           can
           be
           real
           Bread
           ,
           and
           also
           the
           Body
           of
           Christ
           ;
           and
           therefore
           they
           believe
           that
           after
           the
           words
           of
           Consecration
           are
           pronounced
           ,
           Christ
           himself
           with
           his
           Body
           and
           Blood
           ,
           his
           Soul
           and
           his
           Divinity
           ,
           and
           not
           any
           longer
           Bread
           and
           Wine
           ,
           do
           really
           remain
           upon
           the
           Table
           ;
           and
           so
           they
           Adore
           the
           Consecrated
           Host
           ,
           as
           being
           really
           then
           the
           Person
           of
           Christ
           ,
           who
           is
           the
           Saviour
           ,
           God
           ,
           and
           Judge
           of
           all
           the
           World.
           Now
           ,
           Sir
           ,
           if
           you
           will
           but
           seriously
           consider
           all
           those
           words
           ,
           which
           our
           Saviour
           Christ
           hath
           spoken
           on
           this
           Subject
           ,
           together
           with
           the
           end
           ,
           design
           ,
           and
           occasion
           of
           his
           speaking
           them
           ,
           it
           will
           not
           appear
           difficult
           to
           prove
           clearly
           to
           you
           ,
           First
           ,
           that
           those
           words
           of
           Christ
           are
           not
           thus
           literally
           to
           be
           interpreted
           ;
           but
           directly
           contrary
           to
           this
           Doctrin
           ,
           their
           true
           Sense
           is
           altogether
           Spiritual
           and
           Mystical
           .
           And
           2
           ●ly
           ,
           That
           if
           they
           were
           literally
           to
           be
           understood
           by
           all
           Men
           ,
           even
           in
           the
           utmost
           Sense
           those
           words
           can
           bear
           ,
           yet
           they
           will
           neither
           assert
           what
           the
           Council
           of
           Trent
           Decrees
           ,
           nor
           justifie
           your
           Practice
           ▪
           in
           Worshiping
           the
           Host
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           9.
           
           First
           ,
           I
           say
           that
           the
           Words
           of
           our
           Saviour
           Christ
           in
           the
           Institution
           of
           this
           Sacrament
           ,
           cannot
           be
           understood
           in
           a
           literal
           Sense
           ,
           but
           must
           have
           a
           sigurative
           or
           mystical
           signification
           .
           
           And
           this
           doth
           appear
           fully
           from
           the
           Nature
           of
           the
           thing
           ,
           the
           Design
           of
           the
           Institution
           ,
           the
           Occasion
           of
           the
           Expression
           ,
           and
           our
           Saviour's
           own
           Judgment
           as
           to
           their
           Interpretation
           .
        
         
           As
           to
           the
           Nature
           of
           the
           thing
           ,
           it
           is
           a
           sufficient
           proof
           ,
           that
           any
           Text
           of
           Scripture
           is
           not
           literally
           to
           be
           understood
           by
           Christians
           ,
           if
           its
           common
           reading
           contradicts
           the
           Rules
           of
           Sense
           ,
           and
           Principles
           of
           Philosophy
           ,
           or
           destroys
           the
           ground-work
           of
           all
           certainty
           and
           knowledge
           ,
           and
           so
           roots
           up
           the
           foundation
           of
           Religion
           in
           general
           .
           And
           if
           a
           Man
           ,
           by
           being
           a
           Christian
           ,
           is
           to
           take
           those
           words
           of
           Christ
           in
           a
           literal
           Sense
           ,
           and
           to
           believe
           ,
           that
           that
           is
           Flesh
           ,
           which
           by
           his
           sight
           ,
           touch
           ,
           tast
           ,
           and
           smell
           ,
           he
           fully
           and
           clearly
           discovers
           to
           be
           Bread
           ,
           all
           those
           recited
           mischiefs
           ,
           are
           the
           necessary
           consequence
           ,
           and
           there
           can
           be
           no
           Rule
           of
           any
           certainty
           in
           Religion
           .
           In
           so
           much
           ,
           that
           no
           Man
           can
           be
           sure
           ,
           that
           there
           is
           a
           Bible
           ,
           or
           that
           any
           such
           words
           as
           these
           we
           treat
           of
           ,
           are
           Recorded
           in
           it
           ;
           or
           indeed
           ,
           that
           any
           thing
           else
           is
           written
           in
           order
           to
           his
           Salvation
           ,
           if
           he
           must
           not
           trust
           his
           Senses
           ,
           being
           rightly
           disposed
           in
           relation
           to
           a
           proper
           Object
           ,
           with
           a
           fit
           Medium
           .
           If
           you
           say
           ,
           that
           this
           is
           an
           improper
           Object
           ,
           because
           it
           is
           a
           Substance
           ,
           when
           Accidents
           alone
           do
           incur
           the
           Senses
           .
           I
           say
           ,
           that
           there
           is
           no
           other
           way
           to
           know
           a
           Substance
           ,
           but
           by
           the
           Accidents
           that
           are
           proper
           to
           it
           ;
           and
           if
           it
           were
           possible
           for
           all
           the
           Accidents
           that
           are
           proper
           to
           one
           Subject
           ,
           to
           inhere
           another
           ,
           it
           would
           be
           impossible
           to
           determine
           ,
           which
           is
           which
           ,
           or
           ever
           truly
           to
           distinguish
           any
           one
           thing
           from
           another
           .
           But
           it
           is
           also
           evident
           ,
           that
           a
           Humane
           Body
           is
           the
           real
           thing
           we
           here
           treat
           of
           ;
           and
           that
           this
           is
           a
           proper
           Object
           for
           our
           Senses
           ,
           appears
           plainly
           to
           us
           from
           the
           practice
           of
           our
           Saviour
           ,
           in
           that
           he
           recurr'd
           unto
           them
           ,
           even
           after
           his
           Resurrection
           ,
           and
           made
           them
           the
           only
           Judges
           of
           his
           Bodily
           Substance
           .
           Behold
           (
           saies
           he
           ,
           Luke
           xxiv
           .
           39.
           )
           
             my
             hands
             and
             my
             feet
             ,
             that
             it
             is
             I
             my self
             ;
             handle
             and
             see
             ,
             for
             a
             Spirit
             hath
             not
             flesh
             and
             bones
             as
             you
             see
             me
             have
             .
          
           So
           that
           either
           this
           Body
           of
           Christ
           supposed
           in
           the
           Sacrament
           ,
           must
           be
           a
           proper
           Object
           for
           our
           Senses
           ,
           or
           it
           is
           not
           that
           Body
           of
           Christ
           wherewith
           he
           arose
           from
           the
           Dead
           :
           And
           the
           Priest
           must
           create
           another
           Body
           ,
           such
           as
           our
           Saviour
           never
           had
           ,
           before
           he
           can
           adapt
           it
           to
           this
           Doctrin
           of
           the
           Sacrament
           .
           It
           is
           therefore
           evidently
           a
           device
           of
           the
           School-Men
           ,
           to
           impose
           upon
           the
           Vulgar
           ,
           that
           they
           generally
           discourse
           thus
           of
           the
           
           Object
           of
           one
           Science
           ,
           in
           terms
           and
           notions
           that
           are
           peculiar
           to
           another
           ;
           and
           instead
           of
           Matter
           and
           Form
           ,
           wherein
           the
           Essence
           of
           a
           Body
           doth
           consist
           ,
           and
           which
           do
           evidently
           demonstrate
           ,
           that
           every
           Humane
           Body
           doth
           consist
           of
           Limbs
           ,
           hath
           Flesh
           and
           Bones
           with
           that
           Extent
           ,
           Shape
           and
           Dimensions
           that
           are
           proper
           to
           it
           ,
           and
           whereof
           all
           Mankind
           are
           equally
           sure
           and
           certain
           :
           All
           their
           Disputations
           are
           about
           its
           Substance
           and
           its
           Accidents
           ,
           which
           are
           Metaphysical
           terms
           ,
           and
           may
           agree
           with
           a
           Spirit
           ,
           with
           whose
           Nature
           and
           Parts
           the
           wisest
           Men
           are
           unacquainted
           .
           And
           therefore
           abstracting
           from
           the
           Senses
           ,
           wherein
           the
           least
           intelligent
           are
           sufficient
           Judges
           ,
           they
           confound
           our
           Understanding
           in
           such
           intricacies
           and
           quillets
           ,
           that
           even
           they
           themselves
           cannot
           explain
           their
           meaning
           .
           And
           therefore
           I
           say
           ,
           that
           either
           our
           Senses
           must
           be
           Judges
           in
           this
           case
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           other
           Bodies
           ,
           or
           else
           that
           the
           Body
           of
           Christ
           is
           not
           a
           22
           proper
           Body
           ,
           as
           Nestorius
           heretofore
           did
           Heretically
           assert
           it
           ;
           or
           else
           ,
           that
           God
           hath
           appointed
           here
           ,
           an
           irresistible
           deception
           of
           all
           Mankind
           ,
           continually
           in
           that
           which
           is
           most
           evident
           ,
           and
           sure
           to
           be
           relyed
           on
           ,
           and
           how
           agreeable
           these
           are
           to
           the
           nature
           of
           Man
           ,
           or
           to
           the
           justice
           of
           God
           (
           especially
           if
           he
           should
           punish
           us
           for
           being
           so
           deceived
           )
           I
           refer
           to
           any
           Man
           of
           reason
           to
           determine
           .
        
         
           I
           will
           not
           trouble
           you
           with
           the
           recital
           of
           any
           of
           those
           Arguments
           which
           demonstrate
           this
           Change
           to
           be
           impossible
           ,
           23
           and
           that
           the
           Doctrin
           doth
           imply
           so
           many
           contradictions
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           no
           proper
           Object
           for
           Almighty
           Power
           .
           But
           this
           I
           must
           desire
           you
           to
           observe
           ,
           that
           if
           a
           substantial
           change
           were
           made
           of
           the
           Elements
           by
           the
           words
           of
           Consecration
           ,
           then
           the
           act
           of
           the
           Apostles
           was
           manifestly
           different
           from
           the
           command
           of
           Christ
           whereon
           it
           was
           founded
           .
           For
           nothing
           can
           be
           clearer
           from
           the
           Text
           ,
           than
           that
           our
           Saviour
           gave
           the
           Bread
           ,
           and
           commanded
           them
           to
           take
           and
           eat
           ,
           (
           that
           is
           ,
           Bread
           )
           the
           words
           of
           its
           Consecration
           being
           not
           yet
           pronounced
           .
           If
           then
           they
           did
           eat
           another
           substance
           and
           not
           Bread
           ,
           who
           can
           truly
           say
           that
           they
           fulfilled
           the
           Commandment
           of
           the
           Lord
           ,
           or
           Received
           the
           Sacrament
           according
           to
           his
           order
           ?
        
         
         
           §
           .
           10.
           
           As
           to
           the
           Design
           in
           this
           most
           Sacred
           Institution
           ,
           it
           appears
           to
           be
           the
           same
           in
           relation
           unto
           Christians
           as
           that
           of
           the
           Passover
           was
           unto
           the
           Jews
           .
           That
           as
           they
           did
           believe
           in
           a
           Messias
           that
           was
           to
           come
           ,
           and
           of
           whom
           their
           Sacrifices
           were
           but
           Types
           and
           Shadows
           ,
           and
           so
           were
           partakers
           of
           the
           Sacrifice
           that
           he
           was
           to
           offer
           ,
           by
           eating
           of
           those
           Sacrifices
           that
           did
           Typically
           represent
           it
           :
           So
           we
           that
           now
           believe
           in
           a
           Messias
           already
           come
           ,
           should
           in
           a
           parallel
           manner
           become
           Partakers
           of
           the
           same
           Oblation
           ,
           and
           by
           an
           external
           act
           like
           unto
           what
           they
           did
           in
           every
           Circumstance
           ,
           we
           should
           obtain
           the
           benefit
           of
           that
           propitiatory
           Sacrifice
           ,
           and
           really
           and
           truly
           be
           made
           Partakers
           of
           it
           .
           And
           therefore
           our
           Saviour
           Christ
           appointed
           that
           Bread
           and
           Wine
           should
           be
           received
           by
           his
           Disciples
           in
           the
           place
           and
           stead
           of
           his
           Body
           and
           Blood
           ;
           which
           were
           the
           real
           Sacrifice
           that
           he
           offered
           unto
           God
           for
           Man
           ,
           and
           very
           improper
           things
           to
           be
           actually
           eaten
           or
           drank
           by
           Christians
           ,
           and
           therefore
           he
           calls
           the
           Bread
           his
           Body
           ,
           and
           the
           Wine
           his
           Blood
           ,
           not
           as
           being
           really
           the
           things
           themselves
           ,
           but
           as
           Instituted
           by
           him
           to
           represent
           them
           to
           us
           .
           So
           that
           by
           a
           due
           participation
           of
           these
           Creatures
           according
           unto
           Christ's
           appointment
           ,
           it
           is
           certain
           that
           all
           Christians
           are
           partakers
           of
           that
           Sacrifice
           which
           he
           offer'd
           to
           God
           for
           them
           ;
           and
           the
           Bread
           and
           Wine
           being
           duly
           Consecrated
           and
           Received
           in
           the
           nature
           of
           a
           Sacrament
           ,
           the
           Body
           and
           Blood
           of
           Christ
           is
           really
           and
           truly
           received
           by
           the
           Faithful
           in
           them
           ;
           not
           that
           the
           Elements
           are
           changed
           in
           themselves
           ,
           or
           that
           there
           is
           any
           real
           alteration
           of
           their
           substance
           ;
           but
           the
           act
           is
           Spiritual
           in
           respect
           of
           the
           Receivers
           ,
           who
           take
           them
           not
           for
           Food
           ,
           but
           as
           a
           Mystery
           in
           Religion
           ;
           and
           therefore
           they
           do
           not
           receive
           them
           in
           their
           common
           notion
           as
           they
           are
           Bread
           and
           Wine
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           proper
           Food
           to
           nourish
           or
           sustain
           the
           Body
           ,
           but
           as
           they
           represent
           the
           Body
           and
           Blood
           of
           Christ
           ,
           and
           are
           appropriated
           by
           Faith
           to
           nourish
           and
           support
           the
           Soul.
           And
           since
           then
           this
           Sacrament
           was
           ordained
           to
           become
           a
           Sacrifice
           to
           Christians
           ,
           as
           St.
           Augustin●
           tell
           us
           ,
           24
           and
           that
           those
           Patriarchs
           of
           old
           who
           believed
           in
           a
           Messias
           that
           was
           to
           come
           ,
           were
           as
           actual
           Partakers
           of
           that
           Sacrifice
           which
           he
           hath
           offered
           as
           we
           can
           be
           :
           For
           they
           all
           eat
           the
           same
           spiritual
           Meat
           ,
           and
           they
           all
           drank
           the
           
           same
           spiritual
           Drink
           ,
           1
           Cor.
           x.
           3.
           
           Neither
           is
           there
           Salvation
           in
           any
           other
           ,
           Acts
           iv
           .
           12.
           
           And
           yet
           it
           was
           impossible
           that
           they
           should
           eat
           the
           Flesh
           of
           Christ
           and
           drink
           his
           Blood
           according
           to
           the
           Letter
           ,
           because
           his
           Body
           was
           not
           framed
           yet
           ,
           nor
           actually
           born
           :
           It
           is
           therefore
           rational
           to
           conclude
           that
           we
           are
           still
           Partakers
           of
           the
           Body
           and
           Blood
           of
           Christ
           in
           the
           same
           manner
           that
           they
           were
           ,
           not
           in
           a
           Literal
           but
           a
           Spiritual
           participation
           .
           Since
           the
           reception
           of
           them
           by
           Faith
           only
           was
           fully
           sufficient
           to
           the
           Salvation
           of
           the
           one
           ,
           and
           therefore
           is
           all
           that
           is
           necessary
           to
           the
           Salvation
           of
           the
           other
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           11.
           
           And
           this
           gives
           us
           a
           fair
           light
           into
           the
           reason
           or
           occasion
           of
           this
           Figurative
           Expression
           ;
           in
           that
           the
           Sacrament
           of
           the
           Eucharist
           being
           Instituted
           by
           our
           Saviour
           in
           the
           place
           of
           the
           Jewish
           Passover
           ,
           which
           was
           now
           to
           be
           abolished
           ,
           many
           of
           the
           External
           Rites
           were
           still
           retained
           ,
           to
           shew
           that
           all
           those
           Types
           are
           now
           compleated
           :
           And
           therefore
           as
           it
           was
           usual
           at
           the
           introduction
           of
           the
           Paschal
           Lamb
           ,
           for
           the
           Priest
           or
           some
           other
           of
           the
           Company
           to
           tell
           the
           People
           that
           this
           is
           the
           Lamb
           that
           was
           slain
           in
           Egypt
           ,
           when
           the
           Lord
           passed
           over
           the
           houses
           of
           our
           Fathers
           ,
           and
           slew
           the
           Egyptians
           :
           And
           again
           ,
           after
           Supper
           was
           ended
           (
           distributing
           Bread
           and
           Wine
           to
           every
           one
           in
           order
           )
           was
           wont
           to
           tell
           them
           ,
           This
           is
           the
           Bread
           of
           Sorrow
           which
           our
           Fathers
           eat
           in
           Egypt
           :
           Whereas
           all
           Men
           know
           that
           it
           could
           not
           possibly
           be
           that
           very
           Lamb
           that
           was
           slain
           ,
           nor
           that
           very
           Bread
           that
           was
           eaten
           in
           Egypt
           ,
           but
           another
           Lamb
           ,
           and
           other
           Bread
           Instituted
           by
           God's
           order
           in
           the
           stead
           or
           commemoration
           of
           it
           :
           So
           our
           Saviour
           likewise
           at
           the
           Institution
           of
           the
           Sacrament
           using
           the
           same
           Phrase
           upon
           the
           like
           occasion
           ,
           ought
           to
           be
           understood
           in
           the
           same
           manner
           of
           expression
           .
           And
           since
           it
           was
           in
           conformity
           to
           their
           constant
           way
           of
           speaking
           ,
           that
           when
           he
           Instituted
           Bread
           and
           Wine
           to
           be
           Received
           by
           Christians
           in
           the
           Commemoration
           of
           his
           own
           death
           ,
           as
           that
           Lamb
           was
           of
           the
           Passover
           ,
           he
           said
           of
           the
           Bread
           
             This
             is
             my
             Body
          
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           Wine
           
             This
             is
             my
             Blood
          
           ,
           we
           are
           to
           understand
           by
           it
           no
           more
           than
           if
           he
           had
           told
           us
           ,
           that
           they
           are
           Elements
           Sacramentally
           to
           be
           Received
           in
           the
           stead
           and
           commemoration
           of
           his
           Body
           and
           Blood.
           So
           that
           although
           there
           is
           nothing
           Corporeally
           upon
           the
           Table
           after
           the
           Co●●e●ration
           but
           the
           same
           things
           that
           were
           there
           before
           ,
           nor
           eat●●
           by
           the
           Receivers
           ,
           but
           very
           Bread
           ,
           with
           the
           very
           same
           substance
           that
           it
           always
           had
           :
           Yet
           in
           the
           
           notion
           of
           a
           Sacrament
           ,
           and
           as
           a
           Religious
           Mystery
           ,
           it
           is
           not
           to
           be
           received
           as
           meer
           or
           common
           Bread
           by
           any
           true
           or
           faithful
           Christian
           .
           But
           we
           verily
           believe
           that
           the
           Sacrifice
           of
           the
           Body
           and
           Blood
           of
           Christ
           is
           actually
           and
           truly
           partaken
           of
           in
           those
           Elements
           ;
           and
           as
           the
           Church
           of
           England
           Emphatically
           expresses
           it
           ,
           
             The
             Body
             and
             Blood
             of
             Christ
             are
             verily
             and
             indeed
             taken
             and
             Received
             by
             the
             Faithful
             in
             the
             Lord's-Supper
             .
          
        
         
           §
           .
           12.
           
           This
           you
           cannot
           but
           know
           to
           be
           the
           Doctrin
           of
           the
           Sacrament
           as
           it
           is
           received
           in
           the
           Church
           of
           England
           ;
           and
           if
           you
           will
           consult
           Antiquity
           you
           shall
           find
           that
           it
           hath
           not
           only
           been
           the
           general
           Doctrin
           of
           the
           Universal
           Church
           ,
           but
           particularly
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           in
           former
           Ages
           .
           For
           the
           Antient
           Fathers
           generally
           speak
           25
           of
           the
           Spiritual
           and
           Figurative
           Being
           of
           Christ's
           Body
           in
           the
           Sacrament
           ,
           and
           do
           expresly
           call
           the
           same
           thing
           at
           the
           same
           time
           both
           Bread
           ,
           and
           the
           Body
           of
           Christ
           ;
           which
           is
           impossible
           to
           be
           a
           truth
           in
           the
           Literal
           sense
           ,
           and
           therefore
           it
           is
           necessary
           to
           understand
           it
           Mystically
           ,
           or
           reject
           those
           expressions
           as
           false
           and
           incongruous
           .
           And
           it
           is
           also
           observable
           in
           other
           places
           ,
           when
           some
           of
           them
           fly
           higher
           in
           their
           Rhetorical
           expressions
           ,
           and
           to
           enflame
           the
           Zeal
           ,
           or
           to
           raise
           the
           Devotion
           of
           their
           Auditors
           ,
           who
           were
           apt
           to
           think
           too
           grosly
           of
           this
           Sacred
           Ordinance
           ,
           seem
           to
           express
           this
           change
           
           which
           you
           desire
           .
           I
           say
           it
           is
           observable
           ,
           that
           they
           often
           speak
           26
           not
           only
           beyond
           the
           truth
           and
           all
           that
           we
           believe
           ,
           but
           even
           the
           very
           utmost
           that
           you
           your selves
           will
           own
           ;
           and
           consequently
           there
           is
           no
           reliance
           upon
           such
           expressions
           ,
           as
           shew
           not
           the
           Faith
           but
           the
           Fancy
           of
           their
           Author
           .
           Nay
           ,
           although
           it
           is
           apparent
           that
           the
           
             Roman
             Missal
          
           hath
           been
           alter'd
           since
           the
           days
           of
           St.
           Ambrose
           ,
           27
           to
           make
           it
           more
           conformable
           to
           your
           present
           Doctrin
           :
           Yet
           there
           is
           a
           memorable
           expression
           still
           retained
           in
           it
           ,
           in
           the
           very
           Prayer
           of
           Consecration
           ,
           wherein
           the
           Ancient
           Doctrin
           is
           sufficiently
           apparent
           .
           For
           it
           is
           certain
           that
           no
           Man
           wou'd
           ever
           pray
           to
           God
           to
           grant
           him
           less
           than
           he
           expected
           to
           receive
           ,
           and
           yet
           it
           is
           obvious
           that
           (
           although
           they
           pretend
           to
           a
           Transubstantiation
           ,
           yet
           )
           they
           desire
           no
           more
           there
           than
           what
           we
           Pray
           for
           who
           do
           not
           believe
           it
           .
           Their
           words
           are
           these
           ,
           
             Quam
             oblationem
             tu
             Deus
             in
             omnibus
             quaesumus
             ut
             benedictam
             ,
             &c.
             
             Facere
             digneris
             ,
             ut
             nobis
             corpus
             &
             sanguis
             fiat
             dilectissimi
             Filii
             tui
             ,
          
           &c.
           Which
           Oblation
           we
           beseech
           thee
           O
           God
           to
           vouchsafe
           to
           render
           blessed
           ,
           &c.
           that
           it
           may
           become
           to
           us
           the
           Body
           and
           Blood
           of
           thy
           most
           Beloved
           Son
           ,
           &c.
           
           Since
           then
           the
           difference
           on
           debate
           is
           this
           ,
           whether
           the
           Elements
           in
           the
           Sacrament
           are
           changed
           as
           to
           their
           substance
           ,
           and
           so
           really
           made
           the
           Body
           and
           Blood
           of
           Christ
           
             in
             se
          
           ,
           in
           themselves
           (
           as
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           asserteth
           )
           or
           whether
           without
           any
           such
           Change
           or
           Alteration
           of
           their
           Substance
           they
           become
           Spiritually
           or
           Sacramentally
           so
           Nobis
           ,
           to
           us
           ,
           who
           do
           Receive
           by
           Faith
           the
           Body
           and
           Blood
           of
           Christ
           in
           them
           (
           as
           the
           Church
           of
           England
           doth
           express
           it
           )
           I
           say
           it
           is
           sufficiently
           apparent
           that
           the
           Composers
           of
           the
           
             Roman
             Missal
          
           have
           delivered
           their
           Opinion
           for
           us
           ,
           to
           be
           the
           same
           with
           that
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           England
           ,
           and
           not
           with
           the
           present
           Church
           of
           Rome
           .
           So
           that
           the
           Ancient
           Doctrin
           of
           that
           Church
           is
           evidently
           for
           us
           ,
           and
           whatever
           is
           profest
           in
           point
           of
           Faith
           upon
           other
           occasions
           ,
           yet
           the
           truth
           in
           this
           place
           so
           far
           prevaileth
           as
           to
           be
           openly
           asserted
           ,
           whenever
           Mass
           is
           Celebrated
           among
           you
           .
        
         
         
           §
           .
           13.
           
           But
           lastly
           ,
           this
           is
           not
           only
           the
           voice
           of
           Men
           ,
           but
           agreeable
           to
           the
           Declaration
           of
           Christ
           himself
           ,
           who
           directs
           all
           Christians
           not
           to
           understand
           him
           on
           this
           subject
           in
           a
           Literal
           Sense
           ,
           but
           to
           expound
           his
           words
           Spiritually
           ,
           as
           containing
           a
           Mystery
           .
           For
           in
           the
           sixth
           Chapter
           of
           St.
           
           John's
           Gospel
           he
           is
           very
           express
           as
           to
           the
           nature
           and
           design
           of
           this
           his
           Holy
           Institution
           ,
           as
           most
           of
           the
           Ancient
           Doctors
           have
           always
           understood
           him
           (
           though
           28
           Bellarmine
           for
           special
           Reasons
           is
           of
           another
           Opinion
           )
           insomuch
           that
           if
           any
           Text
           of
           Scripture
           soundeth
           fair
           for
           Transubstantiation
           ,
           it
           is
           to
           be
           lookt
           for
           in
           that
           Chapter
           .
           But
           we
           find
           in
           the
           conclusion
           ,
           that
           this
           was
           never
           intended
           by
           our
           Saviour
           .
           For
           when
           his
           Disciples
           were
           offended
           at
           his
           Doctrin
           ,
           apprehending
           foolishly
           (
           as
           St.
           Augustine
           observes
           )
           29
           that
           they
           must
           be
           Canibals
           in
           order
           to
           be
           Christians
           ,
           as
           if
           the
           eating
           of
           humane
           flesh
           was
           to
           be
           a
           Rite
           in
           their
           Religion
           ;
           he
           rectifies
           their
           thoughts
           ,
           and
           explains
           his
           meaning
           fully
           ,
           v
           :
           63.
           saying
           ,
           
             it
             is
             the
             Spirit
             that
             quickneth
             ,
             the
             Flesh
             profiteth
             nothing
             .
             The
             words
             that
             I
             speak
             unto
             you
             they
             are
             Spirit
             ,
             and
             they
             are
             Life
          
           ;
           that
           is
           as
           *
           St.
           Augustine
           expounds
           it
           ,
           they
           are
           spiritually
           to
           be
           understood
           by
           you
           ,
           as
           containing
           a
           Mystery
           that
           will
           hereafter
           be
           apparent
           in
           the
           Institution
           of
           a
           Sacrament
           that
           will
           explain
           them
           .
           And
           therefore
           it
           is
           observable
           that
           St.
           Paul
           calls
           the
           Eucharist
           Bread
           ,
           and
           not
           the
           Body
           of
           Christ
           ,
           but
           as
           it
           is
           received
           .
           
             The
             Bread
             which
             we
             break
             ,
             is
             it
             not
             the
             Communion
             of
             the
             Body
             of
             Christ
             ?
             For
             me
             being
             many
             are
             one
             Bread
             and
             one
             Body
             ,
             for
             we
             are
             all
             Partakers
             of
             that
             one
             Bread
             ,
          
           1
           Cor.
           x.
           16
           ,
           17.
           and
           in
           the
           following
           Chapter
           ,
           v.
           26
           ,
           27
           ,
           28.
           even
           after
           an
           account
           given
           of
           the
           Consecration
           of
           it
           ,
           yet
           he
           is
           still
           express
           in
           calling
           it
           Bread
           ;
           and
           if
           words
           are
           to
           be
           understood
           always
           in
           a
           literal
           sense
           ,
           when
           no
           absurdity
           doth
           follow
           ,
           the
           Missal
           saith
           the
           same
           thing
           in
           the
           Prayer
           after
           Consecration
           ,
           calling
           it
           
             Panem
             sanctum
             vitae
             aeternae
          
           ,
           the
           Holy
           Bread
           of
           Eternal
           Life
           .
           All
           which
           would
           strangely
           derogate
           from
           the
           nature
           of
           the
           thing
           ,
           if
           it
           were
           Christ's
           Body
           ,
           and
           not
           Bread
           which
           they
           discourse
           of
           .
           But
           this
           is
           confirmed
           beyond
           all
           disputation
           by
           that
           expression
           of
           our
           Saviour
           at
           the
           Institution
           of
           it
           ,
           
             Do
             this
             in
             remembrance
             of
             me
             .
             For
             as
             often
             as
             ye
             eat
             this
             Bread
             and
             drink
             this
             Cup
             ,
             ye
             do
             shew
             the
             Lord's
             Death
             'till
          
           
           come
           ,
           1
           Cor.
           xi
           .
           26.
           
           Since
           first
           30
           it
           contradicts
           the
           common
           form
           of
           speaking
           to
           remember
           a
           present
           Object
           that
           stands
           before
           us
           ,
           when
           we
           cannot
           make
           Reflections
           thus
           but
           upon
           absent
           things
           :
           And
           secondly
           ,
           if
           Christ
           should
           actually
           come
           whenever
           the
           Sacrament
           is
           Administred
           ,
           then
           that
           Holy
           Institution
           is
           no
           longer
           to
           continue
           ,
           being
           to
           determine
           on
           our
           Saviour's
           coming
           ;
           especially
           when
           we
           know
           31
           that
           it
           is
           no
           ravity
           ,
           even
           in
           the
           Scripture
           ,
           for
           a
           thing
           that
           represents
           or
           signifies
           another
           to
           bear
           the
           name
           or
           title
           of
           the
           thing
           represented
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           14.
           
           If
           then
           ,
           Sir
           ,
           there
           is
           no
           advantage
           to
           a
           Christian
           in
           the
           Carnal
           Manducation
           of
           the
           Body
           of
           Christ
           (
           as
           I
           suppose
           you
           will
           confess
           )
           and
           it
           is
           ●vident
           to
           all
           Men
           that
           in
           point
           of
           Faith
           ,
           and
           as
           a
           Sacrifice
           ,
           the
           Body
           and
           Blood
           of
           Christ
           are
           as
           really
           and
           truly
           received
           by
           the
           Faithful
           in
           the
           Church
           of
           England
           ,
           as
           in
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           :
           You
           must
           needs
           acknowledge
           then
           that
           in
           this
           Point
           of
           Faith
           and
           Worship
           you
           have
           gotten
           no
           advantage
           by
           the
           change
           of
           your
           Religion
           ;
           but
           rather
           on
           the
           contrary
           in
           the
           Rules
           of
           your
           Devotion
           ,
           you
           hazard
           your
           Salvation
           upon
           an
           Opinion
           that
           may
           be
           false
           ,
           and
           more
           than
           probably
           is
           so
           ,
           for
           none
           ,
           not
           the
           least
           advantage
           if
           it
           should
           be
           true
           .
           For
           if
           those
           Elements
           should
           not
           be
           changed
           by
           their
           Consecration
           according
           to
           your
           Fancy
           (
           and
           you
           know
           that
           besides
           all
           the
           reasons
           that
           can
           be
           offered
           against
           it
           ,
           32
           there
           are
           a
           multitude
           of
           Circumstances
           that
           may
           obstruct
           their
           Change
           )
           grosser
           Idolatry
           cannot
           be
           committed
           than
           Men
           are
           daily
           guilty
           of
           in
           Worshiping
           the
           Host
           .
           And
           if
           you
           will
           believe
           C●nsterus
           in
           his
           judgement
           on
           the
           Case
           ,
           and
           it
           is
           reasonable
           to
           allow
           him
           well
           acquainted
           with
           your
           Doctrin
           ,
           you
           will
           find
           33
           that
           your
           Publick
           Devotion
           in
           this
           point
           of
           Worship
           doth
           exceed
           the
           very
           Heathens
           in
           their
           greatest
           Idolatry
           .
           And
           yet
           on
           the
           other
           hand
           ,
           if
           those
           Elements
           should
           ●e
           changed
           as
           (
           you
           unreasonably
           believe
           .
           
           but
           no
           Man
           can
           prove
           by
           solid
           Argument
           )
           it
           is
           also
           evident
           that
           our
           reception
           of
           them
           by
           Faith
           is
           every
           way
           as
           valid
           ,
           as
           beneficial
           ,
           and
           as
           effectual
           to
           Salvation
           ,
           as
           can
           be
           imagined
           in
           your
           Carnal
           Manducation
           .
           Since
           it
           is
           the
           Spirit
           that
           quickneth
           ,
           and
           the
           Flesh
           profiteth
           nothing
           ;
           and
           it
           is
           not
           any
           action
           of
           the
           Body
           ,
           but
           the
           purity
           and
           sincerity
           of
           the
           Mind
           and
           Soul
           that
           God
           respects
           in
           any
           Holy
           Exercise
           ;
           and
           therefore
           it
           is
           this
           alone
           that
           ought
           to
           be
           regarded
           ,
           which
           unites
           a
           Man
           to
           Christ
           ,
           and
           brings
           down
           God's
           Gifts
           and
           Graces
           on
           him
           ,
           by
           a
           due
           reception
           of
           that
           Holy
           Sacrament
        
         
           §
           .
           15.
           
           But
           notwithstanding
           all
           this
           ,
           if
           you
           continue
           positive
           in
           this
           Opinion
           ,
           and
           will
           resolutely
           adhere
           unto
           that
           *
           Man
           of
           Sin
           that
           Exalteth
           himself
           above
           all
           that
           is
           called
           God
           ,
           contradicting
           the
           Ordinances
           of
           Christ
           with
           a
           
             Non
             Obstante
          
           to
           his
           Institution
           of
           them
           :
           And
           that
           sitteth
           as
           God
           in
           the
           Temple
           of
           God
           ,
           imposing
           Laws
           and
           Restrictions
           upon
           the
           Consciences
           of
           Men
           :
           In
           so
           much
           that
           you
           may
           rationally
           suspect
           your self
           to
           have
           fallen
           into
           the
           state
           of
           those
           unhappy
           Persons
           to
           whom
           *
           God
           hath
           sent
           a
           strong
           delusion
           that
           they
           should
           believe
           a
           lye
           ,
           and
           obstinately
           maintain
           these
           apparent
           Contradictions
           against
           all
           the
           force
           both
           of
           sense
           and
           reason
           :
           That
           I
           may
           abate
           at
           least
           your
           fondness
           for
           this
           error
           ,
           or
           restrain
           that
           practice
           that
           against
           the
           Law
           of
           God
           is
           founded
           on
           it
           ,
           I
           will
           offer
           my
           second
           Proposition
           also
           to
           be
           considered
           ,
           That
           if
           those
           words
           of
           Christ
           
             (
             This
             is
             my
             Body
          
           )
           were
           to
           be
           taken
           in
           the
           literal
           sense
           ,
           as
           effecting
           such
           a
           change
           as
           against
           sense
           and
           reason
           is
           asserted
           ,
           to
           make
           the
           Proposition
           literally
           true
           :
           Yet
           I
           say
           they
           will
           neither
           justifie
           your
           practice
           in
           worshiping
           the
           Host
           ,
           nor
           maintain
           the
           Doctrin
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           ,
           as
           by
           the
           Council
           of
           Trent
           it
           is
           taught
           and
           explained
           .
           For
           it
           is
           plain
           that
           those
           words
           of
           Christ
           in
           the
           most
           literal
           sense
           that
           they
           can
           bear
           ,
           can
           have
           no
           relation
           farther
           than
           to
           his
           Body
           only
           ,
           and
           this
           too
           in
           the
           most
           strict
           and
           limited
           notion
           of
           a
           Sacrifice
           ,
           wherein
           Mankind
           are
           made
           Partakers
           of
           it
           :
           Since
           (
           as
           your selves
           confess
           )
           34
           the
           design
           of
           the
           Institution
           
           was
           only
           this
           ,
           that
           all
           Men
           might
           become
           Partakers
           by
           it
           of
           the
           Sacrifice
           which
           Christ
           offered
           upon
           the
           Altar
           of
           the
           Cross
           ,
           when
           he
           made
           a
           full
           atonement
           for
           the
           Sins
           of
           the
           whole
           World.
           Now
           we
           know
           that
           the
           nature
           of
           a
           Sacrifice
           is
           such
           ,
           that
           it
           must
           be
           slain
           before
           it
           can
           be
           offered
           ;
           and
           consequently
           then
           this
           Body
           of
           Christ
           (
           into
           which
           you
           do
           believe
           that
           the
           Elements
           are
           changed
           )
           must
           be
           dead
           as
           well
           as
           broken
           ,
           and
           totally
           abstracted
           or
           separated
           from
           the
           Soul
           ,
           as
           it
           was
           offered
           up
           in
           Sacrifice
           to
           God
           ;
           and
           how
           this
           Body
           then
           in
           this
           very
           state
           and
           notion
           can
           be
           a
           proper
           Object
           for
           Divine
           Worship
           ,
           is
           a
           thing
           that
           deserves
           to
           be
           very
           well
           considered
           .
           For
           it
           is
           very
           evident
           that
           it
           doth
           not
           contain
           the
           essence
           of
           a
           Man
           ,
           since
           that
           consists
           chiefly
           in
           his
           rational
           Soul
           that
           is
           departed
           from
           it
           ,
           and
           to
           which
           St.
           Augustine
           tells
           us
           35
           that
           the
           Divinity
           was
           united
           .
           And
           therefore
           though
           all
           his
           Sufferings
           in
           the
           Flesh
           are
           truly
           attributed
           to
           him
           as
           the
           Son
           of
           God
           ,
           because
           it
           was
           Christ
           that
           suffered
           ,
           who
           really
           was
           that
           Sacred
           Person
           ,
           yet
           when
           we
           say
           that
           he
           was
           buried
           ,
           it
           is
           an
           improper
           way
           of
           speaking
           (
           as
           that
           36
           Father
           observes
           )
           and
           doth
           express
           no
           more
           but
           the
           burial
           of
           his
           Body
           only
           ,
           since
           it
           is
           evident
           that
           it
           was
           not
           the
           Person
           of
           Christ
           ,
           but
           only
           his
           Body
           that
           was
           subject
           to
           that
           Passion
           .
           We
           generally
           look
           upon
           it
           as
           an
           infinite
           condescention
           in
           Almighty
           God
           that
           he
           united
           his
           Divine
           unto
           our
           Human
           Nature
           even
           in
           its
           greatest
           purity
           and
           perfection
           :
           But
           to
           expect
           that
           this
           Divinity
           should
           be
           immediately
           united
           unto
           the
           grosser
           part
           of
           Man
           ,
           even
           his
           Body
           or
           Carcass
           ,
           when
           his
           Rational
           Soul
           is
           separated
           from
           it
           ,
           and
           when
           you
           cannot
           truly
           say
           that
           even
           the
           Human
           Nature
           continues
           extant
           there
           ;
           And
           much
           more
           to
           believe
           then
           that
           any
           Priest
           whatsoever
           can
           effect
           this
           condescention
           at
           his
           pleasure
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           introduction
           of
           a
           Material
           Substance
           only
           unite
           the
           Divine
           Nature
           to
           the
           accidents
           of
           Bread
           and
           Wine
           ;
           which
           must
           then
           be
           inherent
           in
           the
           whole
           Suppositum
           ,
           or
           subsist
           by
           themselves
           ,
           and
           so
           cease
           to
           be
           Accidents
           :
           These
           are
           thoughts
           too
           hard
           to
           be
           entertained
           of
           God
           ,
           except
           he
           himself
           in
           every
           Circumstance
           had
           expresly
           declared
           and
           promis'd
           it
           in
           Scripture
           .
           The
           Council
           
           of
           Trent
           therefore
           to
           avoid
           this
           difficulty
           ,
           37
           hath
           joyned
           the
           Soul
           of
           Christ
           together
           with
           his
           Body
           ,
           to
           accompany
           his
           Divinity
           in
           the
           Sacrament
           :
           Insomuch
           that
           I
           have
           heard
           a
           Doctor
           of
           Laws
           of
           that
           Communion
           declare
           ,
           that
           he
           believed
           that
           the
           Host
           after
           its
           Consecration
           was
           as
           rational
           ,
           discursive
           ,
           and
           visible
           as
           any
           Man.
           But
           on
           what
           Authority
           all
           this
           Confidence
           is
           founded
           ,
           I
           profess
           I
           am
           in
           the
           dark
           as
           to
           its
           discovery
           .
           For
           take
           those
           words
           of
           Christ
           
             (
             this
             is
             my
             Body
          
           )
           in
           any
           sense
           that
           they
           can
           bear
           ,
           and
           certainly
           nothing
           more
           than
           the
           Body
           of
           Christ
           can
           be
           exprest
           in
           them
           (
           besides
           their
           Mystical
           signification
           )
           and
           if
           you
           will
           limit
           this
           unto
           the
           notion
           of
           a
           Sacrifice
           ,
           as
           I
           shewed
           you
           must
           ,
           that
           will
           infer
           directly
           that
           his
           Soul
           must
           be
           excluded
           from
           it
           .
           And
           surely
           then
           whosoever
           he
           is
           that
           pretends
           to
           Miracles
           ,
           to
           act
           not
           only
           beyond
           the
           Power
           and
           the
           very
           Conceptions
           of
           a
           Man
           ,
           but
           even
           directly
           against
           all
           sense
           and
           reason
           ;
           He
           ought
           to
           produce
           at
           least
           the
           Commission
           that
           God
           hath
           given
           him
           for
           to
           do
           such
           things
           ,
           with
           such
           ample
           Clauses
           and
           Expressions
           in
           it
           as
           confer
           that
           Power
           beyond
           all
           exception
           :
           Otherwise
           Men
           cannot
           believe
           him
           that
           he
           is
           sent
           by
           God
           ,
           but
           will
           undoubtedly
           reject
           him
           ,
           and
           despise
           his
           Doctrin
           .
           The
           Consequence
           then
           is
           this
           ,
           That
           even
           the
           most
           literal
           sense
           of
           Christ's
           words
           being
           granted
           ,
           yet
           the
           Consecrated
           Host
           is
           not
           to
           be
           adored
           :
           But
           this
           constant
           practice
           of
           Worshiping
           it
           at
           Mass
           is
           a
           Crime
           not
           justifiable
           in
           any
           Christian
           ,
           being
           directly
           contrary
           to
           the
           first
           Commandment
           in
           the
           Law
           ,
           and
           our
           Saviours
           Confirmation
           of
           it
           in
           the
           Gospel
           ;
           where
           he
           hath
           expresly
           commanded
           us
           in
           these
           unquestionable
           terms
           ,
           
             Thou
             shalt
             Worship
             the
             Lord
             thy
             God
             ,
             and
             him
             only
             shalt
             thou
             serve
             ,
          
           Mat.
           iv
           .
           10.
           
        
         
           §
           .
           16.
           
           There
           is
           one
           thing
           more
           that
           is
           observable
           in
           this
           branch
           of
           your
           Devotion
           ,
           which
           I
           think
           my self
           obliged
           to
           make
           Remarks
           on
           ,
           and
           that
           is
           the
           general
           state
           of
           the
           Congregation
           when
           the
           Mass
           is
           Celebrated
           before
           them
           .
           For
           the
           Sacrament
           being
           daily
           Administred
           in
           the
           sight
           of
           all
           the
           People
           ▪
           there
           appears
           an
           eminent
           danger
           even
           in
           going
           to
           Mass
           ,
           without
           such
           a
           Preparation
           for
           it
           as
           befits
           a
           Worthy
           Communicant
           :
           Since
           if
           you
           consider
           seriously
           the
           Feast
           which
           the
           King
           made
           at
           
           his
           Son's
           Wedding
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           related
           in
           the
           Parable
           ,
           Mat.
           xxii
           .
           2.
           and
           is
           generally
           understood
           to
           represent
           the
           Blessed
           Sacrament
           wherein
           Christ
           is
           most
           especially
           united
           unto
           his
           Church
           :
           You
           will
           find
           that
           the
           Person
           who
           is
           there
           Condemned
           was
           guilty
           of
           no
           other
           Crime
           or
           Misdemeanour
           but
           in
           coming
           to
           the
           Marriage
           without
           a
           Wedding
           Garment
           .
           For
           it
           doth
           not
           appear
           that
           he
           so
           much
           as
           sat
           down
           among
           the
           Guests
           ,
           or
           was
           any-wise
           a
           Partaker
           of
           the
           Wedding
           Feast
           :
           But
           his
           Indictment
           is
           for
           his
           presumption
           ,
           in
           daring
           to
           come
           in
           without
           a
           proper
           dress
           ,
           and
           for
           that
           alone
           he
           was
           Condemned
           to
           misery
           .
           In
           the
           Primitive
           Church
           therefore
           we
           find
           this
           mischief
           most
           cautiously
           prevented
           ,
           and
           that
           37
           whenever
           the
           Celebration
           of
           the
           Sacrament
           began
           ,
           one
           of
           the
           Deacons
           stood
           up
           and
           Exhorted
           all
           Persons
           that
           were
           unfit
           for
           to
           receive
           it
           ,
           to
           retire
           .
           So
           that
           instead
           of
           the
           common
           notion
           that
           is
           received
           among
           the
           People
           ,
           that
           in
           the
           Mass
           a
           Sacrifice
           is
           offered
           for
           all
           that
           are
           present
           at
           it
           :
           There
           is
           oftner
           a
           danger
           than
           an
           advantage
           in
           such
           an
           attendance
           ,
           and
           instead
           of
           taking
           away
           ,
           it
           rather
           adds
           unto
           their
           Sins
           :
           Since
           all
           Men
           know
           that
           the
           Sacrament
           cannot
           be
           beneficial
           but
           only
           unto
           those
           that
           worthily
           receive
           it
           ,
           as
           its
           very
           Institution
           ,
           Nature
           ,
           and
           Promises
           do
           manifest
           :
           But
           it
           is
           very
           injurious
           unto
           all
           Spectators
           that
           are
           not
           duly
           qualified
           for
           to
           joyn
           in
           the
           Communion
           .
        
         
           §
           .
           17.
           
           I
           could
           easily
           run
           up
           this
           my
           Letter
           to
           a
           Volume
           with
           such
           like
           Observations
           upon
           other
           Particulars
           ,
           wherein
           you
           now
           profess
           to
           differ
           in
           Opinion
           from
           me
           ;
           As
           the
           Administration
           of
           the
           Sacrament
           in
           one
           Kind
           only
           ,
           directly
           contrary
           to
           our
           Saviour's
           Institution
           ,
           Mat.
           xxvi
           .
           27.
           your
           Publick
           Prayers
           in
           an
           unknown
           tongue
           ,
           against
           the
           express
           Doctrin
           of
           St.
           Paul
           ,
           1
           Cor.
           xiv
           .
           28.
           your
           Praying
           to
           Saints
           and
           Angels
           in
           opposition
           to
           God's
           Law
           ,
           and
           the
           practice
           of
           his
           Servants
           ,
           Mat.
           iv
           .
           10.
           
           Revel
           .
           xxii
           .
           8.
           and
           your
           Worshiping
           of
           Images
           against
           the
           express
           letter
           of
           the
           second
           Commandment
           .
           But
           these
           are
           I
           hope
           sufficient
           to
           my
           present
           Design
           ,
           both
           to
           discover
           fully
           your
           disadvantage
           in
           your
           change
           ,
           and
           to
           clear
           those
           mistakes
           which
           were
           the
           occasion
           of
           it
           :
           To
           shew
           you
           plainly
           how
           continually
           you
           stand
           exposed
           to
           danger
           in
           that
           Profession
           wherein
           you
           are
           ;
           and
           that
           even
           your
           own
           Notions
           being
           granted
           as
           far
           as
           the
           
           words
           can
           bear
           ,
           yet
           you
           are
           daily
           guilty
           of
           a
           most
           grievous
           Sin
           ;
           and
           this
           not
           altogether
           in
           a
           careless
           run
           of
           irregular
           practice
           ,
           but
           in
           the
           Solemn
           Acts
           of
           your
           Publick
           Devotion
           ;
           and
           yet
           all
           this
           mischief
           you
           have
           drawn
           upon
           you
           gratis
           ,
           without
           any
           the
           least
           prospect
           of
           an
           imaginary
           Benefit
           ,
           there
           being
           no
           advantage
           which
           you
           can
           pretend
           to
           now
           ,
           that
           you
           did
           not
           as
           fully
           and
           as
           clearly
           enjoy
           before
           you
           were
           perswaded
           for
           to
           alter
           your
           Religion
           .
           I
           will
           not
           therefore
           press
           you
           with
           any
           farther
           Arguments
           to
           return
           ,
           to
           renew
           your
           first
           love
           ,
           and
           to
           bring
           forth
           Fruits
           meet
           for
           Repentance
           ;
           since
           I
           have
           reason
           to
           hope
           that
           you
           will
           never
           shut
           your
           eyes
           against
           the
           light
           ,
           nor
           obstinately
           withstand
           your
           own
           Salvation
           .
           But
           when
           you
           seriously
           consider
           ,
           and
           carefully
           weigh
           the
           Arguments
           that
           are
           offered
           to
           you
           ,
           and
           have
           strictly
           examined
           the
           Principles
           of
           your
           Religion
           with
           a
           Rational
           indifference
           ,
           and
           a
           Christian
           diligence
           ,
           that
           that
           Grace
           of
           God
           that
           hath
           influenc'd
           your
           former
           Practice
           ,
           ●ill
           be
           now
           as
           effective
           in
           enlightning
           your
           Understanding
           :
           And
           since
           it
           is
           no
           shame
           to
           err
           ,
           but
           to
           persist
           in
           error
           ;
           the
           one
           ●eing
           the
           product
           of
           infirmity
           ,
           but
           the
           other
           of
           perversene●●
           ;
           You
           will
           demonstrate
           your
           sincerity
           in
           what
           you
           have
           do●e
           ,
           by
           embracing
           of
           the
           truth
           on
           the
           conviction
           of
           your
           Conscience
           .
           And
           that
           the
           God
           of
           truth
           may
           direct
           you
           in
           the
           right
           way
           to
           Heaven
           ,
           and
           Happiness
           ;
           and
           by
           the
           influence
           of
           his
           Holy
           Spirit
           shew
           you
           clearly
           what
           is
           right
           ,
           and
           what
           is
           true
           ,
           and
           what
           that
           Orthodox
           Divine
           Faith
           is
           ,
           which
           he
           requires
           in
           every
           Christian
           ;
           This
           is
           the
           hearty
           and
           the
           constant
           Prayer
           of
        
         
           
             SIR
             ,
          
           
             Your
             most
             Real
             and
             Faithful
             Friend
             and
             Servant
             in
             Christ
             ,
             R.
             D.
             
          
           
             Cork
             ,
             
               the
               29
               
                 th
                 of
                 December
              
               ,
               1691.
               
            
          
        
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A37245-e180
           
             Preface
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A37245-e960
           
             1
             Mat.
             x.
             1.
             
             Mark
             iii.
             14.
             
          
           
             2
             Mat.
             x.
             5.
             
             John
             xx
             .
             21.
             
          
           
             3
             
               Sic
               me
               saepissimè
               sic
               exposuisse
               quod
               à
               Domino
               dictum
               est
               :
               Tu
               est
               Petrus
               ,
               &
               super
               hanc
               Petram
               aedificabo
               Ecclesiam
               meam
               ,
               ut
               super
               hunc
               intelligeretur
               quem
               confessus
               est
               Petrus
               ,
               dicens
               tu
               es
               Christus
               filius
               Dei
               vivi
               :
               ac
               si
               Petrus
               ab
               hac
               Petrâ
               appellatus
               personam
               Ecclesiae
               figuraret
               ,
               quae
               super
               hanc
               Petram
               aedificatur
               ,
               &
               accepit
               claves
               regni
               coeli
               .
               Non
               enim
               dictum
               est
               i●●i
               tu
               es
               Petra
               ,
               sed
               tu
               es
               Petrus
               :
               Petra
               autem
               erat
               Christus
               ,
               quem
               confessus
               Simon
               (
               sicut
               tota
               Ecclesia
               confitetur
               )
               dictus
               est
               Petrus
               .
               
                 August
                 .
                 Retract
                 .
                 l.
                 1.
                 cap.
                 21.
                 
                 Tom.
                 1.
                 col
                 .
                 30.
                 edit
                 .
                 Basil
                 .
                 1556.
                 
              
            
             
               Non
               enim
               sine
               causa
               inter
               omnes
               Apostolos
               hujus
               Ecclesiae
               Catholicae
               personam
               sustinet
               Petrus
               :
               huic
               enim
               Ecclesiae
               claves
               regni
               coelorum
               datae
               sunt
               ,
               cùm
               Petro
               datae
               sunt
               ;
               &
               cum
               ei
               dicitur
               ,
               ad
               omnes
               dicitur
               amas
               me
               ?
               Pasce
               oves
               meas
               .
               
                 Ib.
                 de
                 Agon
                 .
                 Christ
                 .
                 cap.
                 30.
                 
                 Tom.
                 3.
                 col
                 .
                 776.
                 
              
            
             
               Cui
               S.
               Petro
               totius
               Ecclesiae
               figuram
               gerenti
               Dominus
               ait
               ,
               super
               hanc
               Petram
               ,
               &c.
               
                 Ibid.
                 Epist
                 .
                 165.
                 
                 Tom.
                 2.
                 
                 Col.
                 751.
                 
              
            
          
           
             4
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             vide
             Euseb
             .
             Histor
             .
             Eccl.
             l.
             2.
             cap.
             3.
             
          
           
             5
             
               
                 Act.
                 vi
                 .
                 2.
              
               
               The
               twelve
               called
               the
               multiude
               of
               the
               Disciples
               unto
               them
               ,
               and
               ordained
               several
               Deacons
               to
               take
               care
               of
               the
               Poor
               .
            
             
               Acts
               xv
               .
               6.
               
               
                 And
                 the
                 Apostles
                 came
                 together
                 for
                 to
                 consider
                 of
                 this
                 matter
                 ,
              
               viz.
               whether
               it
               were
               necessary
               for
               the
               Gentiles
               to
               be
               Circumcised
               and
               to
               keep
               the
               Law
               of
               Moses
               ;
               which
               was
               afterward
               determined
               by
               them
               ,
               v.
               2●
               .
            
          
           
             6
             
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
               Euseb
               .
               Hist
               .
               Eccl.
               l.
               5.
               c.
               22.
               
                 de
                 Paschate
              
               .
            
             
               Etiam
               de
               Haeres
               .
               Arian
               .
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
               .
               Socrat.
               Hist
               .
               Eccl.
               l.
               1.
               cap.
               5.
               
            
          
           
             7
             Vide
             Euseb
             .
             Hist
             .
             Eccl.
             l.
             4.
             cap.
             15.
             
             &
             22.
             etiam
             l.
             5.
             c.
             1.
             4
             ,
             23.
             &
             l.
             7.
             c.
             29.
             
             &
             30.
             
          
           
             8
             
               Hoc
               erant
               utique
               caeteri
               Apostoli
               quod
               fuit
               Petrus
               ,
               pari
               consortio
               praediti
               &
               honoris
               &
               potestatis
               ,
               sed
               exordium
               ab
               unitate
               proficiscitur
               .
               Primatus
               Petro
               datur
               ●ratione
               scilicet
               ordinis
               ,
               non
               jurisdictionis
               ,
               ut
               observatu
               dignum
               est
               ▪
               ut
               una
               Christi
               Ecclesia
               ,
               &
               una
               Cathedra
               monstretur
               .
               Cyprian
               .
               de
               Vnitat
               .
               Ecclesiae
               .
               
                 pag.
                 254.
              
               edit
               .
               
                 Paris
                 .
                 1643.
              
               item
               :
            
             
               Episcopatus
               unus
               est
               ,
               cujus
               à
               singulis
               in
               solidum
               pars
               tenetur
               .
               Ib.
               
            
          
           
             9
             Vide
             the
             Case
             of
             Marcio●
             ,
             Excommunicated
             by
             his
             Father
             the
             Bishop
             of
             Synope
             in
             Pontus
             ,
             as
             it
             is
             related
             by
             Epiphanius
             :
             And
             the
             proceedings
             of
             Synesius
             against
             Andronicus
             ,
             concerning
             the
             Excommunicated
             Persons
             in
             the
             Church
             of
             P●olemais
             .
             Both
             which
             could
             not
             be
             received
             into
             the
             Communion
             of
             the
             Church
             of
             Rome
             ,
             without
             particular
             Satisfaction
             in
             their
             respective
             Churches
             ;
             as
             it
             is
             observed
             by
             Mr.
             Thorndike
             .
             Epilog
             .
             to
             the
             Tragedy
             of
             the
             Church
             of
             
               England
               .
               l.
            
             1.
             c.
             10.
             
          
           
             10
             Vide
             Caranz
             .
             Sum.
             Concil
             .
             Carthaginens
             .
             pag.
             68.
             edit
             .
             Rothomag
             .
             1655.
             
          
           
             11
             Praeter
             Ecclesiae
             societatem
             aqua
             baptismi
             non
             valet
             ad
             salutem
             ,
             sed
             potius
             ad
             perniciem
             .
             
               Augustin
               .
               contra
               Manich.
               Libr.
               12.
               cap.
               17.
               
               Tom.
               6.
               col
               .
               264.
               
            
          
           
             12
             Joh.
             xv
             .
             2.
             
          
           
             13
             Cod.
             Concil
             .
             Tom.
             1.
             
          
           
             14
             Cum
             ergo
             fatearis
             me
             conversum
             ad
             Christianam
             fidem
             ,
             cum
             ego
             nec
             ad
             Donatistas
             nec
             ad
             Rogatistas
             conversus
             sum
             ,
             sine
             ullâ
             dubitatione
             confirmas
             ,
             praeter
             Donatistas
             &
             praeter
             Rogatistas
             esse
             Christianam
             fidem
             .
             
               August
               .
               Epist
               .
               48.
               
               Tom.
               2.
               col
               .
               190.
               
            
          
           
             15
             Qui
             hoc
             credunt
             (
             scilicet
             doctrina●
             de
             igne
             purgatorio
             post
             hanc
             vitam
             )
             &
             tamen
             Catholici
             sunt
             ,
             humanâ
             quadam
             benevolentiâ
             mihi
             falli
             videntur
             .
             
               Aug.
               Enchirid
               .
               ad
               Laurent
               .
               Cap.
               67.
               
               T.
               3.
               c.
               17●
               .
            
          
           
             16
             
               Nolite
               consectari
               turbas
               imperitorum
               ,
               qui
               vel
               in
               ipsâ
               verâ
               religione
               superstiti●si
               sunt
               ,
               vel
               ita
               libidinibus
               dediti
               ,
               ut
               obliti
               sint
               quecquid
               promiserint
               Deo.
               Novi
               multos
               esse
               sepul●●orum
               &
               picturarum
               adoratores
               .
               &c.
               
                 August
                 ▪
                 De
                 mor.
                 Eccl.
                 Cath.
                 L.
                 1.
                 c.
                 34.
                 
                 T
                 1.
                 c.
                 774.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 Vide
                 etiam
              
               Tertull
               ▪
               de
               Idololatr
               .
               &
               Gregor
               .
               Epist
               .
               libr.
               9.
               
               Ep.
               9.
               
            
          
           
             17
             
               Licet
               Christus
               post
               coenam
               instituit
               &
               suis
               discipulis
               administraverit
               sub
               utraque
               specie
               panis
               &
               vini
               h●c
               vene●abile
               sacramentum
               ;
               tamen
               hoc
               non
               obstante
               sacrorum
               ca●onum
               authoritas
               &
               approba●a
               consuetudo
               Ecclesiae
               servavit
               &
               servat
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               Licet
               in
               primitivâ
               Ecclesia
               huju●modi
               Sacramentum
               reciperetur
               a
               fidelibus
               sub
               utraque
               specie
               ,
               tamen
               haec
               consuetudo
               ad
               evitandum
               aliqua
               pericula
               &
               scandala
               est
               rationabiliter
               introducta
               ,
               &c.
               
                 Concil
                 .
                 Constantiens
                 .
                 Sess
                 .
                 13.
                 
              
            
             
               Insuper
               ,
               Synodus
               Tridentina
               declarat
               ,
               quamvis
               Redemptor
               noster
               in
               supremâ
               illa
               coena
               hoc
               Sacramentum
               in
               duabus
               speciebus
               instituerit
               ,
               &
               Apostolis
               tradiderit
               :
               tamen
               ●atendum
               esse
               ,
               etiam
               sub
               alterâ
               specie
               tantum
               ,
               totum
               atque
               integrum
               Christum
               ,
               verumque
               Sacramentum
               suum
               .
               
                 Concil
                 .
                 Trident.
                 Sess
                 .
                 5.
                 can
                 ▪
                 3.
                 
              
            
          
           
             18
             Art.
             6.
             
          
           
             19
             Tale
             aliquid
             (
             scilicet
             ,
             Purgatio
             à
             peccatis
             )
             etiam
             post
             hanc
             vitam
             fieri
             incredibile
             non
             est
             ,
             &
             utrum
             sit
             quaeri
             potest
             .
             
               August
               .
               Enchir.
               ad
               Lawrent
               .
               cap.
               69.
               
               Tom.
               3.
               col
               .
               176.
            
             vide
             etiam
             .
             §.
             3.
             
          
           
             20
             Quare
             si
             solus
             Christus
             audiendus
             est
             ,
             non
             debemus
             attendere
             quid
             alius
             ante
             nos
             faciendum
             put
             averit
             ,
             sed
             quid
             qui
             antè
             omnes
             est
             .
             Christus
             prior
             fecerit
             .
             Neque
             enim
             hominis
             consuetudinem
             sequi
             oportet
             ,
             sed
             Dei
             veritatem
             .
             
               Cyprian
               .
               Epist
               .
               63.
               ad
               Caecilium
               .
               pag.
               149.
               
            
          
           
             21
             
               Verum
               Christi
               carpus
               &
               sanguis
               in
               Sacramento
               ●ltaris
               sub
               speciebus
               panis
               &
               〈◊〉
               ●●●citer
               continentur
               ▪
               transubstantiatis
               p●●●
               in
               c●rpus
               ,
               &
               〈◊〉
               in
               sanguinem
               potestate
               Divinâ
               
                 Co●cil
                 Later●
                 ▪
                 c
                 〈◊〉
                 1.
                 
              
            
             
               Si
               quis
               negaverit
               intrabile●
               illam
               &
               〈◊〉
               com●ersionem
               ●●tius
               substanti●
               p●●●s
               in
               corp
               .
               ▪
               &
               〈◊〉
               substanti●
               〈◊〉
               in
               sanguine●
               man
               ▪
               ●●●bus
               ●untaxat
               spec●●●bus
               pani●
               &
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               ●versionem
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               Trans●●
               〈◊〉
               atiene●
               appeliat
               ,
               anathe●a
               sit
               .
               
                 Concil
                 .
                 Trid
                 ▪
                 S●ss
                 .
                 3.
                 can
                 .
                 2.
                 
              
            
             
               Ho●
               tam
               admirabile
               sacramentum
               in
               ultimâ
               coenâ
               Rede●nptorem
               nostrum
               instituisse
               Sancta
               S●nodus
               d●●et
               ,
               cùm
               post
               panis
               vinique
               benedictionem
               ,
               se
               suum
               ipsius
               corpus
               illis
               praebere
               ac
               suum
               sangui●em
               ,
               desertis
               a●
               perspicuis
               verbis
               testa●us
               est
               .
               Quae
               verba
               à
               sanctis
               Evangelistis
               commemorata
               ,
               cùm
               propri●
               illam
               &
               ap●rti●ma●
               significationem
               p●ae
               se
               ferant
               ▪
               secundum
               quam
               à
               patribus
               intellecta
               sunt
               ,
               &c.
               
                 Concil
                 .
                 Trid.
                 Sess
                 .
                 3.
                 can
                 .
                 3.
                 
              
            
             
               Si
               quis
               negaver●t
               in
               sanctissimo
               Eucharistiae
               sacramento
               contineri
               verè
               realiter
               &
               substantialiter
               corpus
               &
               sangainem
               ,
               ●n●
               cum
               animâ
               &
               divinitate
               Domini
               nostri
               Jesu
               Christi
               ,
               ac
               proinde
               totum
               Christum
               ,
               &c.
               
               Anathema
               sit
               .
               
                 Conc.
                 Trid.
                 Sess
                 .
                 3.
                 can
                 .
                 1.
                 
              
            
          
           
             22
             Christum
             ubique
             totum
             praesentem
             esse
             non
             dubites
             tanquam
             Deum
             ,
             &
             in
             eodem
             templo
             Dei
             esse
             tanquam
             inhabit
             antem
             ,
             dum
             ,
             &
             in
             loco
             aliquo
             cali
             ,
             propter
             veri
             corporis
             modum
             .
             
               August
               .
               ad
               Dardan
               .
               Ep.
               57.
               
               T.
               2.
               c.
               285.
               
            
          
           
             23
             Vide
             The
             absolute
             impossibility
             of
             Transubstantiation
             demonstrated
             by
             Mr.
             Johnson
             .
          
           
             24
             
               Ideò
               hic
               dicit
               manducare
               panem
               quod
               est
               Sacrificium
               Christianorum
               .
               Aug.
               de
               Civil
               .
               Dei.
               l.
               
                 17.
                 cap.
                 5.
                 
                 Tom.
                 5.
                 col
                 .
                 954.
                 
              
            
             
               Hunc
               panem
               significavit
               manna
               ,
               hunc
               panem
               significavit
               altare
               Dei.
               Sacramenta
               illa
               fuerunt
               ,
               in
               signis
               diversa
               sunt
               ,
               in
               re
               quae
               significatur
               pa●ia
               sunt
               .
               Ibid.
               in
               
                 Johan
                 .
                 Tract
                 .
                 26.
                 
                 Tom.
                 9.
                 col
                 .
                 22●
                 .
              
            
          
           
             25
             
               Acceptum
               panem
               &
               distributum
               discipulis
               corpus
               suum
               illum
               fecit
               ,
               hoc
               est
               corpus
               meum
               dicendo
               ,
               id
               est
               ,
               figura
               corporis
               mei
               .
               Tertul
               adversus
               Marcion
               .
               1.
               
                 4.
                 cap.
                 40.
                 p.
                 733.
                 edit
                 .
                 Rothomag
                 .
                 1662.
                 
              
            
             
               Nec
               panem
               reprobavit
               ,
               quo
               ipsum
               corpus
               suum
               repraesentat
               ,
               etiam
               in
               sacramentis
               propri●●
               egens
               mendicitatibus
               creatis
               .
               
                 Ibid.
                 Lib.
                 1.
                 cap.
                 14.
                 pag.
                 624.
                 
              
            
             
               Nam
               quando
               Dominus
               corpus
               suum
               panem
               vocat
               ,
               de
               multorum
               granorum
               adunatione
               congestum
               ,
               populum
               nostrum
               quem
               portabat
               indicat
               adunatum
               ;
               &
               quando
               sanguinem
               suum
               vinum
               appellat
               de
               botris
               atque
               acinis
               plurimis
               expressum
               atque
               in
               unum
               coactum
               ;
               gregem
               item
               nostrum
               significat
               commixtione
               adunatae
               multitudinis
               copulatum
               ,
               Cyprian
               .
               ad
               
                 Magn.
                 Ep.
                 76.
                 pag.
                 2●9
              
               .
            
             
               Vita
               unicuique
               erit
               corpus
               &
               sanguis
               Christi
               ,
               si
               quod
               in
               sacramento
               visibiliter
               sumitur
               ,
               in
               ipsa
               veritate
               spiritualiter
               manducetur
               ,
               spiritualiter
               bibatur
               ,
               
                 August
                 .
                 de
                 verb.
                 Apost
                 .
                 Serm.
                 2.
                 
                 Tom.
                 10.
                 col
                 .
                 250.
                 
              
            
             
               Ostendit
               ipse
               Dominus
               quid
               sit
               non
               sacramento
               tenus
               ,
               sed
               reverà
               corpus
               Christi
               manducare
               &
               eius
               sanguinem
               bibere
               ,
               hoc
               est
               enim
               in
               Christo
               manere
               ,
               ut
               in
               illo
               maneat
               &
               Christus
               .
               
                 Ibid.
                 de
                 Civit.
                 Dei
                 L.
                 5.
                 cap.
                 25.
                 
                 Tom.
                 5.
                 col
                 .
                 1313.
                 
              
            
             
               Ac
               per
               hoc
               qui
               non
               manet
               in
               Christo
               ,
               &
               in
               quo
               non
               manet
               Christus
               ,
               proculdubio
               nec
               manducat
               spiritualiter
               carnem
               ejus
               nec
               bibit
               ejus
               sanguinem
               ,
               licet
               carnaliter
               &
               visibiliter
               premat
               dentibus
               sacramentum
               corporis
               &
               sanguinis
               Christ
               .
               
                 Ibid.
                 in
                 Johan
                 .
                 Tract
                 .
                 26.
                 
                 Tom.
                 9.
                 col
                 .
                 230.
                 
              
            
             
               Ille
               instruxit
               posteà
               duodecem
               &
               ait
               illis
               ,
               verba
               quae
               locutus
               sum
               vobis
               spiritus
               est
               &
               vita
               .
               Spiritualiter
               intelligite
               quod
               locutus
               sum
               .
               Non
               hoc
               corpus
               quod
               videtis
               manducaturi
               estis
               ,
               &
               bibituri
               illum
               sanguinem
               quem
               fusuri
               sunt
               qui
               me
               crucifigent
               .
               Sacramentum
               aliquod
               vobis
               commendavi
               ,
               spiritualiter
               intellectum
               vivificabit
               vos
               .
               Et
               sinecesse
               est
               illud
               visibiliter
               celebrari
               ,
               oportet
               tamen
               invisibiliter
               intelligi
               .
               
                 Ibid.
                 Enar.
                 in
                 Psalm
                 〈◊〉
                 Tom.
                 8.
                 col
                 .
                 11●5
                 .
              
            
          
           
             26
             
               Ipsum
               igi●ur
               vides
               ,
               ipsum
               tangis
               ,
               ipsum
               comedis
               .
               Lingua
               cruentatur
               hoc
               admirabili
               sanguine
               .
               
                 Chrysoft
                 .
                 in
                 Mat.
                 Hom.
                 83.
                 fol.
                 150.
                 
                 Edit
                 .
                 Bas●●
                 .
              
            
             
               Quàm
               praeclarus
               est
               calix
               iste
               ,
               quàm
               religiosa
               est
               hujus
               potus
               ebrietas
               ?
               cruci
               haeremus
               ,
               sanguinem
               sugimus
               ,
               &
               intra
               ipsa
               redemptoris
               nostri
               vulnera
               figimus
               linguam
               .
               
                 Author
                 libr.
                 De
                 coena
                 Domini
                 in
                 oper
                 .
                 Cyprian
                 .
                 insert
                 .
                 pag.
                 466.
                 
              
            
          
           
             27
             Fac
             nobis
             hanc
             oblationem
             ascriptam
             ,
             rationabilem
             ,
             acceptabilem
             ,
             quod
             est
             Figura
             corporis
             &
             sanguinis
             Domini
             nostri
             Jesu
             Christi
             .
             
               Ambros
               .
               de
               Sacrament
               .
               L.
               4.
               cap.
               5.
               
            
          
           
             28
             Non
             est
             Controversia
             an
             in
             toto
             capite
             agatur
             de
             E●charistià
             ;
             constat
             enim
             non
             ita
             esse
             .
             
               Bellarm
               de
               Euchar
               .
               L.
               1.
               c.
               5.
               
            
          
           
             29
             Ennar
             .
             in
             .
             Psal
             .
             98
             
               ut
               antea
            
             Sect.
             12.
             
          
           
             *
             Loco
             prius
             citato
             .
             
               Sect.
               12.
            
             
          
           
             30
             Nemo
             ●ecordatur
             nisi
             quod
             in
             praesentiâ
             non
             est
             positum
             .
             
               Aug.
               in
               Psalm
               .
               37.
               
               Tom.
               8.
               c.
               312.
               
            
          
           
             31
             Solet
             autem
             res
             quae
             significat
             ejus
             rei
             nomine
             quod
             significat
             nuncupari
             .
             
               Aug.
               in
               Levit.
               quaest
               .
               57.
               
               Tom.
               4.
               col
               .
               220.
               
            
          
           
             32
             Potest
             autem
             defectus
             contingere
             ex
             parte
             materi●●
             con●ecrandae
             ,
             &
             ex
             parte
             formae
             a●
             hibendae
             ,
             &
             ex
             parte
             ministri
             conficientis
             .
             Quicquid
             enim
             bo●um
             ▪
             deficit
             ,
             scilicet
             ,
             materia
             debita
             ,
             for●a
             cum
             intentione
             ,
             &
             ordo
             sacerdotalis
             in
             conficiente
             ,
             non
             conficitur
             sacramentum
             .
             
               Missal
               .
               Roman
               .
               De
               ▪
               defect
               .
               in
               celebratione
               Missar
               .
            
             Sect.
             1.
             
          
           
             33
             Si
             non
             dotur
             Transustantiatio
             ,
             tolerabilior
             ●oret
             ●●●um
             error
             ,
             qui
             pro
             De●
             colunt
             statuam
             auream
             ,
             quo
             m●dogentiles
             D●●●
             s●●s
             vener
             ●bantur
             ,
             vel
             pannum
             rubr●●●
             in
             husta●●
             elevatum
             ,
             quod
             de
             Lappis
             〈◊〉
             vel
             viva
             anima●●a
             ,
             ut
             quondam
             Eg●ptii
             ,
             quam
             eorum
             qui
             frustulum
             pa●●s
             〈◊〉
             
               Conster
               .
               Enchirid.
            
             controv
             .
          
           
             *
             2
             Thess
             .
             ii
             .
             3
             ,
             4.
             
          
           
             *
             Ibid.
             v.
             2.
             
          
           
             34
             Here
             at
             once
             is
             Instituted
             both
             a
             Sacrifice
             and
             a
             Sacrament
             .
             A
             Sacrifice
             in
             that
             it
             is
             ordained
             to
             continue
             the
             memory
             of
             Christ's
             death
             and
             oblation
             upon
             the
             Cross
             ,
             and
             the
             application
             of
             the
             general
             virtue
             thereof
             to
             our
             particular
             necessities
             ,
             by
             consecrating
             the
             several
             Elements
             ,
             not
             into
             Christ's
             whole
             Person
             as
             it
             was
             born
             of
             the
             Virgin
             ,
             or
             now
             is
             in
             Heaven
             ,
             but
             the
             Bread
             into
             his
             Body
             apart
             ,
             as
             betrayed
             ,
             broken
             ,
             and
             given
             for
             us
             ;
             the
             Wine
             into
             his
             Blood
             apart
             ,
             as
             shed
             out
             of
             his
             Body
             for
             Remission
             of
             Sins
             ,
             and
             dedication
             of
             the
             New
             Testament
             ,
             which
             be
             the
             Conditions
             of
             his
             Person
             ,
             as
             he
             was
             in
             sacrifice
             and
             oblation
             .
             
               Annotations
               on
               the
               New
               Testament
               Published
               at
            
             Rhems
             ,
             on
             Mat.
             
               xxvi
               .
               26.
            
             
          
           
             35
             Postquam
             enim
             à
             Jud
             is
             in
             cruce
             suspensus
             est
             ,
             mox
             ut
             spiritum
             reddidit
             ,
             unita
             suae
             Divinitati
             anima
             ad
             inferum
             profunda
             descendit
             .
             
               Aug.
               Serm.
               137.
               
               Tom.
               10.
               col
               .
               899.
               
            
          
           
             36
             Ex
             toto
             autem
             pars
             significatur
             ,
             cùm
             dicitur
             Christus
             sepultus
             ,
             cùm
             sola
             ejus
             caro
             sepulta
             sit
             .
             
               Ibid.
               de
               Anima
               .
               L.
               1.
               c.
               17.
               
               Tom.
               7.
               col
               .
               1158.
               
            
          
           
             37
             Si
             quis
             negaverit
             in
             Sacramento
             contineri
             verè
             realiter
             &
             substantialiter
             corpus
             &
             sanguinem
             un●
             cum
             animâ
             &
             divinitate
             Domini
             nostri
             Jesu
             Christi
             ,
             &c.
             
             
               Anathema
               sit
               .
               Con.
               Trid.
               Sesse
               .
               3.
               can
               .
               1.
               
            
          
           
             37
             Nullus
             Catechumenus
             ,
             nullus
             auditor
             ,
             nullus
             infidelis
             ,
             nullus
             hereticus
             ,
             qui
             primam
             orationem
             persecistis
             ,
             discedite
             ,
             pueros
             recipite
             matres
             .
             
               Constit
               .
               Apost
            
             .