A sermon preached before the King & Queen at White-hall, March 23, 1689/90 by ... Edward, Lord Bishop of Worcester. Stillingfleet, Edward, 1635-1699. 1690 Approx. 44 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 19 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2004-08 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A61621 Wing S5661 ESTC R14192 13142358 ocm 13142358 97976 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A61621) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 97976) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 752:9) A sermon preached before the King & Queen at White-hall, March 23, 1689/90 by ... Edward, Lord Bishop of Worcester. Stillingfleet, Edward, 1635-1699. [2], 35 p. Printed for Henry Mortclocke [sic] ..., London : 1690. Marginal notes. Reproduction of original in Duke University Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. Gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. 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Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements). Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng Bible. -- O.T. -- Ecclesiastes XI, 9 -- Sermons. Sermons, English -- 17th century. 2004-02 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2004-03 Aptara Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2004-04 Emma (Leeson) Huber Sampled and proofread 2004-04 Emma (Leeson) Huber Text and markup reviewed and edited 2004-07 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion A SERMON Preached before the King & Queen AT WHITE-HALL , March 23. 1689 / 90. By the Right Reverend Father in God EDWARD Lord Bishop of Worcester . Published by their Majesties Special Command . LONDON , Printed for Henry Mortclocke at the Phoenix in St. Paul's Church-Yard . 1690. ECCLESIASTES xi . 9. Rejoyce , O young man , in thy youth , and let thy heart chear thee in the days of thy youth , and walk in the ways of thy heart , and in the sight of thine eyes ; but know thou , that for all these things God will bring thee into judgment . IF Solomon had said , Rejoyce not , O young man , in thy Youth , neither let thy heart chear thee in the days of thy Youth ; walk not in the way of thine heart , nor in the sight of thine eyes ; for know thou , that for all these things God will bring thee into Iudgment , the Sense had been so easie and plain , that there had been no Appearance of Difficulty in reconciling one part with the other : For the whole had been look'd upon but as a necessary and seasonable Admonition to such who by the Heats of Youth , and Strength of Inclination , and Allurements of the World , are too apt to be transported with the Love of Sensual Pleasures . And this had been very becoming the Wise Man towards the conclusion of his Book , wherein he had not onely before set forth the several Vanities of Humane Life ; but so soon after , bids Men Remember their Creatour in the days of their Youth , while the evil days come not , nor the years draw nigh of which they shall say they have no pleasure in them . i. e. in the days wherein they are most apt to walk in the way of their hearts , and in the sight of their eyes . For he knew very well , that nothing is so powerfull a Check and Restraint upon mens inclinations to Sin , as the serious consideration of that God that gave them their Beings , and will bring them to an Account for their Actions . But how then comes he in this Verse to seem rather to give a Permission to Young men in the time of Youth to indulge themselves in their mirth and vanity ? Rejoyce , O young man ▪ in thy Youth , &c. Some think that the Wise Man onely Derides and Exposes them for their Folly in so doing ; but that seems not agreeable with the grave and serious advice which follows . And we find nothing like Irony or Sarcasm in any part of the foregoing Book ; for he begins it with a Tragical Exclamation against the vanities of humane life ; Vanity of vanities , saith the Preacher , vanity of vanities : all is vanity . And he pursues his Argument by a particular induction of the most tempting and pleasing vanities of Life ; and particularly all sorts of Sensual delights ; as Mirth and Iollity in the first place , then Wine and Musick , fine Palaces , curious Vineyards , Gardens and Pools , a great Retinue , and , which was needfull to maintain all this , Abundance of Silver and Gold. But what a melancholy reflection doth he make on all these Pleasures of Life ? Then I looked on all the works that my hands had wrought , and on the labour that I had laboured to doe ; and behold all was vanity and vexation of spirit . What incouragement then could the Wise Man , after so much experience of the World , give to Young men here in the Text , to Rejoyce in the days of their Youth , and to walk in the way of their hearts , and in the sight of their eyes ? i. e. to pursue Vanity , and to lay the Foundation for greater vexation of Spirit , when they come to reflect on their own Follies . What then is the meaning of these words ? For this , we are to observe , that the Preacher having declared his own main Scope and Design in the beginning and conclusion of his Book , brings in sometimes the different senses which mankind are apt to have concerning the Happiness of Life . And that is the reason that we meet with such different Expressions concerning it . In one place it is said , that there is no better thing under the Sun , than to eat and drink and to be merry ; but in another , he saith , Sorrow is better than laughter , and by the sadness of the countenance the heart is made better . In one place he saith , All things come alike to all , there is one event to the righteous and to the wicked : But in another , That it shall be well with them that fear the Lord , but it shall not be well with the wicked . How can such Passages as these be Reconciled , if we look on them as expressing the sense of the same Person ? But if we allow them to be the different notions of two sorts of Men in this World , they are easie to be understood , although not to be reconciled . And the one sort is of those who place all Happiness in this Life , without regard to Religion or Vertue , or another World ; and the other of those , who look on this Life onely as a Passage to Another ; and that all Persons ought to behave themselves here , so as conduces most to their Happiness hereafter . And according to these different Schemes , we have in the words of the Text two very different sorts of Counsel and Advice to Young men . I. The first proceeds upon the Supposition that all the Happiness of Man lies in this Life , and in the Enjoyment of the Sensual Pleasures of it ; Rejoyce , O young man , in thy Youth , and let thy heart chear thee in the days of thy Youth ; and walk in the way of thy heart , and in the sight of thy eyes . We have no other Rule here given but the sight of the eye , and the way of the heart ; i. e. outward Appearance and inward Inclination ; and these are the beloved Rules of the most Sensual and Voluptuous persons , and they judge of Happiness onely by the pursuit of them . Here is nothing mention'd of Reason or Conscience , or a regard to Vertue in the Restraint of Natural Inclinations : Nay , here is nothing of that Severity which Epicurus himself thought necessary towards the maintaining of a pleasant state of Life ; which he granted could never be done without some restraint of Mens Appetites and Inclinations to the Pleasures of Sense ; and it is not to be imagined , that Solomon should give Young men greater Liberty than the corruptest Moralists did . Therefore I cannot look upon these words as a Permission for them to doe what is here expressed ; but as a full Description of that method of Living , which the jolly and voluptuous Corrupters of Youth would instruct them in , Rejoyce , O young man , in thy Youth , and let thine heart chear thee , &c. II. We have here the most Powerfull Check and Restraint laid upon all these Sensual Inclinations of Youth . But know thou that for all these things God will bring thee to Iudgment . Which Words are the Wise Man's Correction of the foregoing Liberty , or the Curb which Reason and Religion give to the pursuit of Natural Inclinations , wherein every Word hath its force , and ought to make a deep impression upon us : For , ( 1. ) Know thou : Thine is not then the same case with Creatures that have no understanding ; they are not capable of any Check from themselves , having no Law of Reason or Conscience within them to controul or govern their Sensual Desires ; but God hath given thee not meerly a Brutal Appetite , but a Rational Soul , capable of understanding the differences of Good and Evil , and the Reasons why some things which appear Pleasant are very disagreeing to the Principles of Humane Nature ; i. e. to that Order , Decency , Modesty , and Regularity , which the more elevated frame and capacity of Mankind do require . ( 2. ) For all these things ; as light and vain as you esteem them , as soon as they are over and forgotten by you , as secretly and closely as they are committed , as much as you endeavour to palliate and excuse them , yet but for all these things God will certainly bring thee into Iudgment . Therefore you have all the reason in the world to consider what you doe , since every thing will be brought to judgment , whether it be good or evil , as Solomon concludes this Book . Which shews the great Regard God hath to the Good or Evil of our Actions ; and if the great Judge of the World hath so , certainly we ought to have it , and never think our selves at liberty to doe what we please , in gratifying our Lusts , and pursuing our Natural Inclinations to Evil. ( 3. ) God will doe it . If there were no God to call thee to an account , yet there are some Actions of Vertue so agreeable to Mankind , and some Vices so loathsome and deformed , that there would be sufficient cause for them to love the one and to abhor the other . If we could suppose such a frame of things and such sorts of Beings as we now see , and no God to make them , ( which is most Absurd and Unreasonable , ) yet we must suppose these Beings to have Natures and Properties distinct from each other ; so that we could not imagine Men to become Beasts , and therefore they must not act like them , but preserve that Decorum or Agreeableness in their Actions which is suitable to the peculiar Excellencies of Humane Nature . And there are some Sins so much below the Dignity thereof , that no Circumstances , no Suppositions , can make them fitting for Mankind to commit them ; which shews that the Nature of Good and Evil is no Arbitrary thing , but is founded in the very frame of our Beings , and in the Respects we owe to our selves and to one another . And since there is an Infinite and Supreme Being which hath Absolute Power and Command over us , and gives us both our Beings and the Comforts of our Lives , it is most Absurd to suppose it not to be a fault to hate his Goodness , or to despise his Mercy ; or to slight his Power , and to contemn his Authority : For in all these there is something repugnant to the common sense of Mankind , and to all Principles of true Honour and Justice . And there are such common Principles of Morality arising from our necessary Relation to God and each other , which are of so clear and convincing Evidence , that every one that considers them will grant that Wicked Men may as well go about to dispute their Beings as their Sins ; and may as easily prove that they are not , but onely appear to be , as that no Actions are really Evil , but only by false Glasses appear so to be . But however vain men may deceive themselves , God will not be mocked ; for he not onely sees and knows all our Actions , but he will bring us to an Account for them . ( 4. ) God will bring thee into Iudgment . It is a dreadfull consideration to a Sinner , that God knows all his false steps , all his secret Sins , all his Falshood and Dissimulation with God and Men : And there is nothing which men of Art and Design hate more , than to be discover'd and found out in all their double and deceitfull dealings ; but to have these not onely privately discover'd , but exposed and laid open to the view of the World ; and not onely so , but to have every Circumstance examin'd , and every Action scanned , and that by the great Judge of all the World , whom nothing can escape , nothing can deceive , nothing can withstand ; whose Justice is inflexible , whose Knowledge is incomprehensible , whose Power is irresistible , and whose Vengeance is insupportable : This we cannot but imagine must strike an awe and terrour into the Minds of Men , when they are pursuing the Pleasures of Sin , that for all these things God will bring them into judgment . But notwithstanding these and many other Expressions to the same purpose in Scripture , wherein God hath declared that he will certainly Iudge the World in Righteousness at the Great Day ; that the Secrets of all hearts shall then be disclosed ; that we must all appear before the Iudgment-seat of Christ ; and that God will render to every man according to his Deeds : And notwithstanding it is a thing in it self very reasonable , from the consideration of God's Justice and Providence , and the Nature and Consequences of Good and Evil Actions ; yet the generality of Mankind go on as secure and careless as if there were no such thing , or that they ought not to be concerned about it . Therefore I shall not spend time in the Proof of that which I take for granted you all believe , and I am sure have Reason so to doe ; but I shall enquire into these things which are most Practical and therefore proper for our Consideration at this Time. ( 1. ) How a matter of so great Importance as a Iudgment to come makes so little Impression on the Minds of the generality of Mankind , who profess to believe it . ( 2. ) By what means the consideration of a Future Judgment may have a greater Influence on all our Minds . ( 1. ) How a thing of so great Importance as God's bringing us into Iudgment comes to make so little Impression on the Minds of the generality of those who profess to believe it , when we are so tender and sensible of small things with Respect to this World. For Resolving this , we must consider , that there is a great Difference between the Not Disbelieving Doctrinal Points of Faith , and the Practical Improvement of them in our Minds ; without which , they remain there but as general and confused Notions . Thus too many who abhor being thought Atheists , live as if there were no God ; not , that they deny or dispute his Being or Attributes , but they have no Regard to them in the last Dictates of their Minds , or in the Course of their Actions . To go about to prove such things to be true they look on as lost labour , for they do not question them ; but there is another thing then which we are to give an Account of , viz. how it comes to pass , that so great and so weighty Doctrines , being received and allowed to be true , make so little Impression on the generality of Mankind ; especially this of the Day of Judgment ; of which these seem to be the main Reasons . ( 1. ) Mens Impatience of Considering great and weighty things at a Distance , which cannot affect and move our Senses . ( 2. ) The bewitching and stupifying Nature of Present and Sensual Pleasures ; which draw off the Mind from greater things , and weaken all the Impressions they make upon us . ( 3. ) A General Presumption upon God's Mercy towards Mankind on the Account of the Frailty of Humane Nature , notwithstanding the severity of his Threatnings in Scripture . ( 1. ) I begin with Mens Impatience of Considering . We flatter and please our selves with the thoughts that we are Intelligent and Considering Beings , when , it may be , Considering ( especially as to matters of greatest consequence ) is one of the things which Mankind have the greatest Aversion to . For generally , they love to go no farther than the Outsides and Appearances of things , and have their Minds wholly possessed with false and flattering Imaginations , having neither Truth nor Consistency in them . And those who account themselves of better Breeding than others , are often more imposed upon than others in this way . The Pomp and Grandeur of the World , the Gaity and Splendour of Living strikes their Fancies with such vehement Impressions , that scarce any thing else gets into their Minds , or sinks deep into them . There are many other things that seem to stand fair in their Opinion at some times , but it is as they are thought Serviceable to Worldly Greatness and Honour . This , after all the Instructions of Philosophers , the Declamations of Heathen and Christian Orators , and the far more Powerfull Arguments of the Wisest and Best of Men , recorded in Holy Scripture , is still the great Idol of Mankind , which they serve and worship with the truest and warmest Devotion . All other things , how great and weighty soever in themselves , yet are really look'd on by them as a sort of Metaphysical Abstracted Notions of things Invisible and Immaterial , quite out of the reach of their Imagination , which may serve for the Amusement of some , and the Affrightment of others , and the Entertainment of Speculative Minds ; but , how to raise themselves in the World , to appear Great , and have many Dependents ; to pursue and carry on their own Interests ( though without regard to Justice and Honesty ) these they account Great and Noble things , and fit to employ their Minds upon . But alas ! How much are such imposed upon by meer Shews and Appearances of things , which are really what God made them , but are not what we fansie them to be ! There are , no doubt , real Conveniencies of Life in Riches , and Honour , and Ease , and Plenty , or else they could never be esteemed Blessings , nor could we have reason to thank God for them ; but there is a great difference between the Fitness of things for our present use , and for our happiness ; i. e. when we make them our End , and do not employ them in order to a farther End. But it is good Advice of S. Paul , Vsing the World as not abusing it ; for the Fashion of this World passeth away : it passes like a Ship under Sail , while the generality of Mankind , like Passengers , lie asleep in it . Sometimes when Storms arise , or Waves cross them , they seem to be awake , and to look about them , and to think whither they are going ; but those thoughts being uneasie to them , they lie down again , and are carried they know not whither . But still it is but the Fashion of this World ; a meer Landskip , wherein there is great Variety but little Satisfaction , the Shew far out-doing the Substance . When the Devil shewed Christ the Kingdoms of the World , and the Glory of them , the highest Mountain could afford but a small Prospect of them , but as some think he caused a Representation in the Air of the most tempting Splendour and Glories of them . And this was the truest Representation of them , by glorious Appearances and bewitching Shews . But unless there be something in Humane Nature which makes it very apt to be deceived by such things , it were strange the Devil should think to prevail on our Saviour by them . We pity those who travelling in the Night are deceived by false Fires and shining Meteors , and follow them into Bogs and Precipices ; but the case of such is so much worse who are deluded by the Deceitfull Vanities of this World to their own Destruction . And can there be any greater Argument of the want of Consideration , than for Persons to suffer themselves to be so easily and so fatally cheated ? It is a Wise Observation of Aristotle , that True Knowledge and Wisedom lies most in settling and fixing the Mind . For it is not the subtlety and fineness of Thoughts , not the quickness and sharpness of Apprehension , not the close and mathematical Deductions of Reason which make a Wise Man , but the having a calm and composed Temper of Mind , the subduing our Passions , and governing our Actions with respect to our Chief End. And in order to this , Consideration is absolutely necessary ; without which that which is nearest to us , and offers it self first to our Choice , must prevail upon us . And here lies the main Difficulty to perswade Mankind to choose a far greater Happiness at a Distance and Invisible , before a present Enjoyment of things we are constantly conversant with , and have made an early Impression upon us . But still we say , that it is nothing but Mens Impatience of Considering , which makes them have so little Regard to another Life . For if they would but lay both Worlds in the Balance one against the other , they would soon discover the wonderfull Folly of preferring that which this World accounts Happiness before that which is offered to our Choice in another . For let us make all the fair and reasonable Allowances that may be , as to our Inclinations , and Appetites , and Circumstances in this World ; as to the Distance , Obscurity , Incomprehensibleness of the Joys of another World ; yet every considering man that regards true Happiness will be sure to chuse that which is to come . For , ( 1. ) Supposing the Happiness were Equal , yet there is no proportion in the Continuance of them ; and a considering Man will be sure to choose a Happiness that can never have an End , before one that may be irrecoverably lost in a moment ; and can certainly be enjoyed but for a little time , if there were any certainty at all in the Enjoyment of it . ( 2. ) The more any have considered , the more they have repented placing too much of their Happiness here , because Reason and Experience shews them the Folly of it . But the more they have considered , the better satisfied the Minds of Good Men are in placing their Happiness above ; where alone that Good is to be found which can make us truly Happy , and is to be enjoyed in that Fulness , that Purity , that Certainty which makes it fit for the wisest and most considering Men to prefer above a present Happiness , if it were to be enjoyed on Earth . ( 3. ) He that looks after a Future Happiness doth not thereby lose any of the Real Conveniencies of Humane Life ; but he that places his Happiness here , cannot find it in this World , and is sure to be miserable in another : And this makes a very considerable Difference in the Choice . Indeed , if God made it absolutely necessary in order to Future Happiness for us to forgoe all the Natural Pleasures and Innocent Delights of this Life , the terms would be much harder , and hardly possible to Humane Nature . For , if all Pleasures of Sense must be renounced , we must not see the pleasing varieties of Nature , nor hear the melodious sound of Birds , nor tast the Meat when we are hungry , nor drink when we are thirsty ; for there is really greater Pleasure of Sense when Nature craves necessary Sustenance , than what the most voluptuous Epicurean enjoys in all his Contrivances , first to raise his Appetite , and then to please it : For what is most natural and necessary is the most Delightfull ; every thing of Force must have something Vneasie in it . But God hath not dealt thus hardly with Mankind ; He allows us all the reasonable Desires of Nature , and hath onely forbid us what is unreasonable and unnecessary . And upon the forbearance of what is so , joyned with our entire dependence upon himself for it , ( which the Scripture calls Faith working by Love , ) he hath made the Gracious Offer of Eternal Happiness . It is true , in Extraordinary Cases of Persecution he requires more , but then he proposes Extraordinary Rewards to make abundant Recompence for them ; but in the common and ordinary Case of Mankind , he requires no more than our avoiding those Excesses in Pleasing our Appetites which Nature and Reason condemn . And those who consider , cannot but see how unreasonable it is to place their Happiness in forbidden Pleasures ; and to think that nothing can make them happy , but what God hath declared shall make them miserable . It is a strange Crossness in our Desires , if nothing can please them but what displeases God. It were no hard task to shew , that God forbids nothing but what is really repugnant to our Well-being here ; and how then can any such thing as Happiness be hoped for in such things ? And when a man ventures being Miserable for ever , for what can never make him Happy here , if he had his full Liberty to pursue his Desires ; he shews how far he is from acting like a wise , rational , considering Being . So that Impatience of Considering is one great Reason why the thoughts of a Judgment to come make so little Impression on Mens Minds . ( 2. ) The Second Reason is the Bewitching and Stupifying Nature of Sensual Pleasures . The Epicurean Philosophers , who managed the Theory of Pleasure with the greatest Art , so as it might look like a proper happiness for Mankind , found Two things absolutely necessary in order to it . ( 1. ) The Retrenching all inordinate Desires , viz. such as had more Pain following them , than there was Pleasure in the Enjoyment of them . ( 2. ) The Removing the Fears of another World out of Mens Minds . For as long as these sunk into their Minds , they must rob them of that inward Tranquillity , without which it were a vain thing so much as to talk of Happiness . But it was impossible , upon their Grounds , to doe either of these . For , ( 1. ) It is unreasonable to suppose that the Happiness of our present Life should consist in the Enjoyment of Pleasure , and yet the Pleasure of Opinion to be taken away , since the Pleasure of Opinion is the far greatest part of the Pleasure of Life ; and that which is as much valued and esteemed by all those who place their Happiness in Pleasure . If it were all to be reduced to that which lies in satisfying the necessary Desires of Nature , then such as have just enough for that , are far more happy than the Rich and Voluptuous , because they have less Pains and Care. But if any allowance be made to the Pleasure of Fancy and Opinion , then no stop can be given to inordinate Desires . For , who can set bounds to Fancy , or lay a reasonable Restraint upon Desires , if the Differences of Good and Evil be taken away ? As they must be , if meer Pleasure and Pain be to be regarded in our Actions . ( 2. ) As to the other , the Methods they used to remove all Fears of another World were weak and trifling , and they had no Advantage in Point of Argument , but what the Ignorance and Folly of the Idolatrous part of Mankind at that time gave them . But there is a far greater advantage in point of Interest , which makes men of Sensual Lives very willing to be rid of the Fears of another Life . And a willing mind goes a great way in believing or not believing . Those who place their Happiness in eating and drinking well ( as they call it ) and other Sensual Delights , which can never be enjoyed when htis Life is ended , have but a melancholy Prospect into another World ; for they are shut out from the very possibility of being happy in their own Sense , ( unless they would believe the Eastern Impostour ; ) but when they once come to apprehend that there is no Pleasure to make them happy but what is seated in the Body , they are apt to conclude that when that dies , there is an end of all , for their Imaginations can reach no farther . And the true Reason is , they have laid Reason and Conscience asleep so long , that it is very hard to awaken them ; their Notions of good and Evil are like the confused Apprehensions of Men half awake ; they see enough to perplex but not enough to satisfie them . And when their Fears grow upon them , they have not the Heart and Courage to Examine them , whether they be Reasonable or not ; but rather choose to return to their former Opiates , than undergo the trouble of an Effectual Cure by a hearty Repentance and coming to themselves , as the Prodigal Son in the Parable did , when his Hardship had brought him to Consideration . We do not know what had become of him , if he had been wise and frugal in his Pleasures ; if he had taken care of a good stock and a plentifull Subsistence ; but he first came to be pinched with want , before he was awakened to Repent . But we have in Scripture a more remarkable Instance of the Stupifying Nature of Sensual Pleasures ; and that was in David after his Sins of Adultery and Murther . It is a Wonder , how a Man of such a tender Conscience in other things , should continue so long under the Guilt of these Enormities , without being awakened to Repentance : Did he not know these to be great Sins ? And did not his Conscience charge him with the Guilt of them ? How came he then to need a Prophet to be sent to him , and to deal so plainly with him , as to tell him Thou art the Man ? But this is a plain Evidence , how much the Pleasures of Sin are apt to stupifie Mens Consciences so far , that unless God by his Grace be pleased to awaken them thoroughly , they never come to a sincere and hearty Repentance . David saw nothing more as to the Guilt of his Sins , when he penn'd his 51st Psalm , than his own Reason and Natural Conscience might inform him before ; but he had quite another Sense of his Sins then ; his Heart was broken and his Soul wounded under the Apprehension of God's Displeasure ; and this makes him pray so earnestly and so importunately to God for the Pardon of his Sins . And if it were thus in the case of a Man otherwise after God's own heart , i.e. afraid of offending him , and carefull to please him ; what may we imagine it to be in those who in the time of Youth walk in the way of their hearts , and in the sight of their eyes : i. e. allowing themselves in all Sensual Inclinations , and pursuing Carnal Delights so far till they have lost all Sense of God and another World ; and such as these , nothing but the Powerfull Influences of Divine Grace can awaken and recover . ( 3. ) The Third Reason is , A General Presumption upon God's Mercy . The first thing which Sinners , in the Heat of their Youth , and Pursuit of their Lusts , aim at , is to think as little as may be of what they are doing , or what will be the Consequence of their Actions . For every thought of themselves is very uneasie to them , and every thought of God is much more so ; therefore they drive away all such thoughts by one means or other , by Sleep , Diversion , Company , and such Publick Entertainments , as rather heighten and inflame their Vices than correct them . If all this will not doe , but there will be some Melancholy Hours , wherein Conscience begins to rouse it self , and to awaken the Sinner to some Sense of his Folly ; then he is ready to hearken with Pleasure to any Raileries against Religion and Morality ; and admires the Wit of any one who dares say a bold and sharp thing against the Wisdom of all Ages , and of the best Men in them . And one or two such Sayings , without Proof , are cried up as far beyond the best Rules of Morality , or the Evidence of natural and revealed Religion . Any Sceptical Disputes are sufficient Demonstrations to them ; and the most unreasonable Cavils against Religion are embraced , because against the thing they hate ; and even a Jest against the Day of Judgment shall signifie more with them , than the strongest Arguments in the World to prove it . The true Reason is , they love their Vices , and hate every thing which makes them uneasie to them ; and nothing doth more so , than the thoughts of a Judgment to come . But suppose after all , the terrible and frequent Expressions of Scripture concerning the Day of Judgment , joyned with the Reasonableness of the thing , do make such Impression on their Minds that they cannot wholly shake off the Fears and Apprehensions of it , then their last endeavour is to mitigate and lessen them , from a General Presumption of God's Mercifull Nature ; and therefore they are willing to suppose , that however God , to keep the World in awe , hath threatned them with the dreadfull Severities of the Great Day , yet as a tender Father who threatens his Disobedient Son , in order to reclaim him , with no less than Disinheriting him for ever ; yet when it comes to Execution he may Relent , not from his Sons Deserts , but his own Compassion ; so they hope , or believe , ( or are willing to doe so ) that God at the Great Day will not proceed according to the rigour which he hath threatned to use . And to comfort themselves in these hopes they find out all possible Extenuations of their Sins : If we , say they , had been created purely intellectual Beings , free from this load of Flesh , and the Inclinations which are natural to it , then it had been more reasonable to have called us to a strict Account for every Action of our Lives ; for then every Inclination to Evil must have come from our Minds ; but now our Bodies corrupt and draw them aside ; and the Inclinations to Evil grow faster than our Reason , which should check and restrain them . And when those Inclinations are strongest , Men have not that Judgment which is necessary to the Government of unruly Passions . So that the very frame of humane Nature seems to plead for Sins committed in the Heat and Violence of Youth . Besides , such is the Strictness and Purity of the Law of God , and so great the Weakness and Disability , the Ignorance and Inadvertency of Mankind , that if God will make no Allowance for humane Frailty , who can stand before his Tribunal ? And , if any Allowance be made for Sins of Infirmity , there are so many Abatements to be made for Sins committed through sudden Passion , through Mistake , through the unavoidable Impotency of humane Nature in this degenerate Condition , that the Severity of that Day is not much to be feared . This is the utmost of the Sinners Plea against the Severity of the Day of Judgment ; But , to shew how faulty it is , I shall offer these Considerations ; 1. That God will certainly Iudge the World in Righteousness ; and therefore none shall have Cause to complain of the Harshness or Severity of his Proceedings . For , this Righteousness is not the Rigour of Justice , but that Equity which hath a Regard to the Circumstances of Actions , and the Abatement and Extenuation of Faults which arise from them . 2. None shall suffer at that Day , but for their wilfull Impenitency , and obstinate Continuance in Sin. For , this is not onely agreeable to the Mercifull Nature of God , to forgive Repenting Sinners ; but it is one of the great Designs of the Gospel to assure Mankind of it by the highest Testimonies , even by the Death and Resurrection of the Son of God , and all the Miracles wrought in Confirmation of it , and of the Truth of his Doctrine . 3. There are several Degrees of Wilfulness and Obstinacy , and Mens Judgment shall be according to them . Some Mens Capacities , Opportunities and Helps have very much exceeded others ; some have broken through stronger Convictions and more powerfull Assistences of Grace than others ; some have had more early Instructions , more frequent Warnings , more obliging Favours from Heaven than others . And as it is reasonable that Persons suffer for their Obstinate Continuance in Sin , so that they should suffer according to the Degrees and Circumstances of it . ( 4. ) It is not unjust Severity in God , to deprive Men of that Happiness which they have wilfully refused ; and to condemn them to that Misery which their Sins have deserved . Hath not God made the most condescending Offer of Mercy and Salvation , that it is possible for Creatures to expect from him , after so many and great Provocations ? Could Heaven stoop lower than it hath done to vile and ungratefull Sinners ? When the Son of God came down from Heaven on purpose to reconcile God and Man together ; When the Spirit of God warns and excites their minds to the Consideration of their Eternal Welfare ; When the Messengers of this Reconciliation are to woo and intreat and beseech Sinners in Christ's stead , as though God did beseech them by them , that they would be reconciled to God ; When the Patience and Goodness and Long-suffering of God is exercised so much on purpose to lead them to Repentance ; When God instead of perfect Obedience , is willing to pardon and pass by so many Offences , if they truly Repent of them , and to receive them still into his Favour and Mercy ; When after all this men do rather prefer the present Pleasures of Sin , before all that happiness which God so freely offers , is it any Injustice in him to suffer them for ever to be deprived of that which they so wilfully , so ungratefully , so obstinately refused ? And supposing the Souls of Men to subsist in another World free from all those Clouds of Errour and Mistake , and the false Notions they are deceived by here , as well as all the Diversions and Pleasures of this Life , it is not to be imagined , but they must for-ever suffer an intolerable Anguish within ( called , A Worm that never dyes , and a Fire that never goes out , ) from the Reflexions upon their own Folly. What Vengeance beyond this God may inflict , we now know not , ( may none of us ever know it ! ) but we are sure it will never exceed the proportion and desert of their Sins . Which is sufficient to clear the Justice of God in his Proceedings with Mankind in the Day of Judgment . 2. It remains now onely to shew by what means God's bringing us to Judgment may make a deeper Impression upon our Minds ; By considering th●se two things ; 1. That our not considering it will not make our condition b●tter , but much worse . 2. That our Considering it is the best means to prevent the evil Consequences of it . ( 1. ) Our not considering it will not make our Condition better . There were great Reason indeed to walk in the way of our hearts , and in the sight of our eyes , and never trouble our selves with what will happen at the great Day , if the putting it out of our Heads would make our Accounts the easier when it comes . But alas ! Whether we think of it or no , the Account runs on , and we must answer to every particular at last ; and how unprovided shall we be , if we spend no time here in examining , stating and clearing of them as far as we are able . It is a mighty Priviledge we have by the Gospel , that God allows us to clear our Accounts with him in this World ; For , if we would judge our selves we shall not be judged : i.e. If we call our selves to a strict Account for our Actions ; if we Repent heartily and sincerely of our Sins ; if we seek earnestly to God for Mercy ; if we have our Consciences cleansed by the Blood of Christ from the pollution of our Sins , then we may with Joy and Peace in our Minds think of the Great Day of Recompence . But if we never enter into our Selves , to search and examine our own Actions , never look into the Habits of our own Minds , nor charge our selves with the Guilt of the Sins we have committed , how can we ever hope to escape the Scrutiny or avoid the Severity of that Day ? For our Account continually increases by our neglect of it , and the burden of God's Wrath must be so much heavier when we have taken no care to lessen it , but after our hardness and impenitent hearts have onely treasured up wrath against the day of wrath . ( 2. ) Our considering that God will bring us to Judgment is the best means to prevent the evil Consequences of it . For , although we cannot hope to plead Innocency ; yet , ( which is next in point of Wisdom ) this is the most effectual Motive to bring us to Repentance : And that which makes us Repent makes us to grow Wise in time , and to lay a good Foundation for Eternal Life . There are many Arguments to induce us to it in the Folly and Shame of our Sins ; the Wisdom of Reflection and Reformation ; the Instances of it and Exhortations to it recorded in Scripture ; but there is none more sensible and which touches Men more in point of Interest and Concernment than this of a Iudgment to come . Must I then , saith a Penitent Sinner , give a strict Account to God of all the evil Actions of my Life , and suffer according to the Desert of them if I die in Impenitency ? How much doth it then concern me to Repent betimes , to Repent in good earnest , to Repent while there is hopes of Mercy ! Away then all ye deceitfull Vanities of this wicked World , ye have too long deceived and seduced me : what will all this vain shew , this busie Seducer , this impertinent Outside of the World signifie , when I must be stript of all , and stand guilty and accused by my own Conscience before the Judgment-Seat of Christ ? Oh! how wretched shall I be , if my Conscience condemns me before the Sentence of the Judge ! Therefore , I am resolved to prevent the Judgment of that Day ; I will accuse , judge , and condemn my self ; nay , I will proceed to Execution , as to all the vitious Habits and corrupt Inclinations within me . And although I cannot wholly mortifie them , yet I will crucifie them ; i. e. nail them to the Cross , and allow them no longer Liberty ; and albeit they may struggle for a time , yet I will never give way to their Dominion over me any more ; that so Death and Judgment may find me prepared , if not with unspotted Innocency , yet with hearty and sincere Repentance . To conclude all ; let the Consideration of this Day of Iudgment to come enter deep into our Minds , and awaken us out of our Lethargy and Security . We are very apt to put off unpleasing things from time to time , and to pass away our time here as easily as may be . But this is no part of Wisdom , and we shall extremely blame our selves for it one time or other . The best we can do now , is to recover what is past by Repentance , and to set our selves to the making up our Accounts with God in this World : For , we are all walking on the brink of Eternity , and know not how soon we may drop into it . But what Eternal Horrour and Confusion must follow us , if we go on to slight the Opportunities he still affords us of making our Peace with him who is to be our Judge ? May God therefore of his Mercy awaken us all to a timely and serious Repentance , and then our Iniquities shall not be our Ruine . FINIS . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A61621-e110 Ch. 12. 1. Ch. 1. 2. Ch. 2. 1. v. 3. v. 4 , 5 , 6 , 7. v. 8. v. 11. Ch. 8. 15. Ch. 7. 3. Ch. 9. 2. Ch. 8. 12 , 13. Ch. 12. 14. Act. 7. 31. Rom. 2. 16. 2 Cor. 5. 10 Rom. 2. 6. 1 Cor. 7. 31. Matt. 4. 8. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Nat. Ausc. l. 7. c. 4. n. 15. Gal. 5. 6. Luke 15. 17. 2 Sam. 12. 7. Acts 17. 31. Mark 9. 44. 1 Cor. 11. 31. Rom. 2. 5.