Immorality and pride, the great causes of atheism a sermon preach'd at the cathedral-church of St. Paul, January the 8th 1697/8 : the first of the lecture for that year, founded by the Honourable Robert Boyle, Esq. / by John Harris ... Harris, John, 1667?-1719. 1698 Approx. 43 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 16 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2005-12 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A45642 Wing H850 ESTC R15170 12337567 ocm 12337567 59819 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A45642) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 59819) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 919:4) Immorality and pride, the great causes of atheism a sermon preach'd at the cathedral-church of St. Paul, January the 8th 1697/8 : the first of the lecture for that year, founded by the Honourable Robert Boyle, Esq. / by John Harris ... Harris, John, 1667?-1719. [4], 24 p. Printed by J. L. for Richard Wilkin ..., London : 1698. This work is also found as the first part of the author's The atheistical objections against the being of a God and his attributes fairly considered and fully refuted : in eight sermons (Wing H845). Reproduction of original in the Huntington Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. 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Atheism -- Early works to 1800. 2005-03 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2005-04 Aptara Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2005-05 Jonathan Blaney Sampled and proofread 2005-05 Jonathan Blaney Text and markup reviewed and edited 2005-10 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion Mr. HARRIS's First Sermon AT Mr. BOYLE's Lecture . 1698. Immorality and Pride , The Great Causes of ATHEISM . A SERMON Preach'd at the CATHEDRAL-CHURCH of St. Paul , January the 3 d. 1697 / 8. BEING The First of the LECTURE for that Year , Founded by the Honourable Robert Boyle , Esq By JOHN HARRIS , M. A. and Fellow of the ROYAL-SOCIETY . LONDON , Printed by J. L. for Richard Wilkin , at the King 's - Head in St. Paul's Church-Yard , 1698. TO THE Most Reverend Father in God THOMAS Lord Archbishop of Canterbury ; Sir HENRY ASHURST Baronet ; Sir JOHN ROTHERAM Serjeant at Law ; JOHN EVELYN Senior Esquire ; Trustees appointed by the Will of the Honorable ROBERT BOYLE Esquire . Most Reverend and Honoured , AS I had the Honour to Preach this Sermon by your Kind and Generous Appointment , so I now Publish it in Obedience to your Commands , and humbly offer it , as also my ensuing Discourses , to your Candid Patronage and Acceptance . I have ( in pursuance of Your Grace's direction ) studied to be as Plain and Intelligible as possibly I could , and shall , by the Divine Assistance , prosecute my whole Design after the same manner ; which Method of Treating this Subject , appears very Suitable to the Pious and Excellent Design of Our Noble and Honourable Founder . I humbly desire your Prayers to Almighty God , that He will vouchsafe to render my weak Endeavours effectual to shew the Ground●essness and Inconclusiveness of those Objections which Atheistical Men usually bring ●gainst the great and Important Truths of ●eligion ; which is the End they are sincerely ●irected to , by Most Reverend and Honoured , Your most obliged humble Servant , HARRIS . PSALM X. 4. The Wicked through the Pride of his Countenance , will not seek after God : Neither is God in all his Thoughts . IN this Psalm is Contained a very lively Description of the Insolence of Atheistical and Wicked Men , when once they grow Powerful and Numerous ; for then , as we read at the Third Verse , they will proceed so far , as openly to boast of and glory in their Impiety : They will boldly defie and contemn the great God of Heaven and Earth , v. 13. They will deny his Providence , v. 11. and despise his Vengeance : And , as we are told in these words of my Text , They will grow so Proud and high , as to scorn to pay him any Honour or Worship , to Pray to him or Call upon him ; but will endeavour to banish the very Thoughts of his Being out of their Minds . The Wicked through the Pride of his , &c. In which words , we have an Account more particularly , by what Methods and Steps Men advance to such an Exorbitant height of Wickedness , as to set up for Atheism , and to deny the Existence of a God ; for there are in them these Three Particulars , which I shall consider in their Order . I. Here is the general Character or Qualifications of the Person the Psalmist speaks of ; which is , That he is a Wicked Man. The Wicked through the Pride , &c. II. The particular kind of Wickedness , or the Origin from whence the Spirit of Atheism and Irreligion doth chiefly proceed ; And That is Pride . The Wicked through the Pride of his Countenance , &c. And , III. Here is the great Charge that is brought against this Wicked and Proud Man ; viz. Wilful Atheism and Infidelity : He will not seek after God : Neither is God in all his Thoughts : Or , as it is in the Margin of our Bibles , with good Warrant from the Hebr. All his Thoughts are there is no God. In discoursing on the two First of these Heads , I shall endeavour to shew , that Immorality and Pride are the great Causes of the Growth of Atheism amongst us : And on the Third , I shall consider the Objections that Atheistical Men usually bring against the being of a Deity , and shew how very weak and invalid they are . And first I think it very Necessary to say something of the Causes of Infidelity and Atheism , and to shew how it comes to pass that Men can possibly arrive to so great a height of Impiety . This my Text naturally leads me to , before I can come to the great Subject I design to Discourse upon ; and I hope it may be of very good use to discover the Grounds of this heinous Sin , and the Methods and Steps by which Men advance to it ; that so those who are not yet hardened in it , nor quite given up to a Reprobate Mind , may , by the Blessing of God , take heed , and avoid being engaged in such Courses as do naturally lead into it . I. Therefore let us consider the general Character or Qualifications of the Person here spoken of in my Text , And that is , that he is a Wicked Man. The wicked through the Pride , &c. And this is every where the Language of the Sacred Scripture , when it speaks of Atheistical Men. David tells us ( Psal. 14. 1. and 51. 1 ) that 't is the Fool ( i. e. the Wicked Man , for so the word Nabal often signifies , and is so here to be understood ) 'T is he that hath said in his heart there is no God. 'T is such an one as is a Fool by his own fault ; one stupified and dull'd by Vice and Lust , as he sufficiently explains it afterwards ; one that is corrupt and become filthy , and that hath done abominable works . So the Apostle St. Paul supposes , that those Men will have in them an evil heart of unbelief , who do depart from the living God , and live without him in the world . And indeed , it is very Natural to conclude , That those which are once debauched in their Practices , may easily grow so in their Principles : For when once 't is a Man's Interest that there should be no God , he will readily enough disbelieve his Existence : We always give our assent very precipitantly to what we wish for , and would have to be true . A Man oppressed with a Load of Guilt , and conscious to himself , that he is daily obnoxious to the Divine Vengeance , will be often very uneasie , restless , and dissatisfied with himself , and his Mind must be filled with Dismal and Ill-boding Thoughts . He is unwilling to leave his Sins , and to forego the present Advantage of Sensual Pleasure ; and yet he cannot but be fearful too , of the Punishments of a Future State , and vehemently disturbed now and then , about the account that he must one day give of his Actions . Now , 't is very Natural for a Man under such Circumstances , to catch at any thing that doth but seem to offer him a little Ease and Quiet , and that can help him to shake off his melancholy Apprehension of impending Punishment and Misery . Some therefore bear down all Thought and Consideration of their Condition , in an uninterrupted enjoyment of Sensual Delights , and quite stupifie and drown their Conscience and Reason in continual Excesses and Debauchery ; and thus very many commence Atheists , out of downright Sottishness and Stupidity , and come at last to believe nothing of the Truths of Religion , because they never think any thing about it , nor understand any thing of it . Others , who have been a little enured to thinking , and have gotten some small smattering in the superficial Parts of Learning , will endeavour to defend their wicked Practices by some pretence to Reason and Argument . These will one while justifie their Actions , by forced and wrested Citations and Explications of some particular Texts of Scripture ; at another time they will shroud themselves under the Examples of the Prevarications of some great Men in Sacred Scripture , as a Licence to them , to be guilty of the same or the like wicked Acts ; without considering at all , of their great Penitence afterwards . Sometimes they will dispute the Eternity of Hell Torments , deny that their Soul shall survive the Body , and please themselves with the glorious hopes of being utterly annihilated . Now they will argue against the Freedom of their own Wills ; and by and by , against that of the Divine Nature : and from both conclude , that there can be no harm nor evil in what they do , because they are absolutely necessitated to every thing they commit . But against all this precarious stuff , the Sacred Scriptures do yet appear and afford a sufficient Refutation . The next Step therefore must be to quarrel at , and expose them ; to pretend that there are Absurdities , Contradictions and Inconsistencies in them : To assert that the Religion they contain , is nothing but a meer Human and Political Institution , and the Invention of a Crafty and designing Order of Men , to promote their own Interest and Advantage ; but that they are of no manner of Divine Authority , nor Universal Obligation . And when once they get thus far , they begin to be at Liberty ; now they can pursue their vicious Inclinations without controul of their Consciences , or the Conviction of God's holy Word , and are got above the Childish Fears of Eternal Misery . By this time , the true and through Calenture of Mind begins ; they grow now deliriously enamoured with the feign'd Products of their own Fancies ; and these Notions appear to them now , adorned with such bright and radiant Colours , and so beautiful and glorious , that they will rush headlong into this Fools Paradise , though Eternal Destruction be at the bottom ; for now they stick at nothing ; They Retrench the Deity of all his Attributes , absolutely deny his Presidence over the Affairs of the World , and make him nothing but a kind of necessary and blind Cause of things , Nature , the Soul of the World , or some such word , which they have happened to meet with in the Ancient Heathen Writers . But they Profess that 't is impossible to have any Idaea of him at all ; and what they cannot conceive or have an Idaea of , they say is nothing , and by Consequence there can be no such thing as a God. This , or such like , I 'm perswaded is the usual Method , by which these kind of Men advance to absolute Infidelity and Atheism : And in this , they are every step confirmed and established by the seeming Wit , and real Boldness , with which Atheistical Men dress up their Arguments and Discourses ; and of which , if they were stripped and divested , their weakness and inconclusiveness must needs appear to every one . But the Mirth and Humour , and that Surprising and Extravagant Vein of talking which always abounds in the Company of such Men , so suits and agrees with his own vicious Inclinations , that he becomes easily prejudiced against the Truth of Religion , and any Obligation to its Precepts and Injunctions : And so he will soon resolve to seek no more after God , but will employ all his Thoughts to prove that there is no such Being in the World. But on the other hand , it appears wholly impossible for a Man to arrive at such a pitch as absolute Infidelity and Atheism , if he hath been virtuously Educated , and be enclined to live a Sober and a Moral Life . For there is certainly nothing that Religion enjoins , but what is exactly agreeable to the Rules of Morality and Virtue ; nothing but what is conformable to right Reason and Truth ; nothing but what is substantially good ▪ and pleasant , and nothing but what will approve it self to a thinking Mind , as certainly conducing to the good of Human Society , and to every one's Quiet , Ease , and Happiness here in this Life : And over and above this , it gives us an assurance of a glorious Immortality in the World to come . Now , Can it be imagined , that any sober and virtuous Man , and one that is not prejudiced by the Inducements of Sensual Pleasure , if he seriously considers things , will not be induced to take upon him the Profession of our holy Religion : and with all due Gratitude to our Gracious God , accept of so vast a Reward as this of Eternal Happiness ? Especially too when it is for doing that only out of a true Principle of Religion , which it is supposed he was inclined to perform without it , by the Principles of Reason and Honour . A Man that is enclined to live virtuously , justly , temperately , and peaceably in this present World , will soon be satisfied , if he read the Holy Scriptures , that it is this which lies at the Bottom of all Revealed Religion , and for whose Advancement and Propagation among Mankind , all that gracious Dispensation was contrived and delivered to us . What reason can therefore be possibly assigned , why such a Person should disbelieve the Truths of Religion ? Is not a desire of Happiness so Natural to us , that 't is the great Inducement of all our Actions ? and will not every Man aim to get as much of this as he can , according to the Notion he hath of it ? what is there then that can prejudice such a Man's Mind against the Belief and Expectation of a future Reward at the hand of God ? Is it not Natural to embrace any offer that proposes to us a great Advantage ? and are not we very ready to believe the Truth of any thing that is advanced of that Nature ? The Great Truths therefore of Religion , containing nothing impossible , absurd or improbable in them , and exhibiting to him Infinite Advantages on such easie Conditions , must needs be the delightful Objects of a Good and Virtuous Man's Faith. He , indeed , that hath just Grounds to fear that his Irregular Life will incapacitate him for the Favour of God ; and the Joys of another World , may be willing , and at last infatuated so far , as really to disbelieve what he knows he cannot obtain . But one that is of a Moral , Sober and Virtuous Disposition , can never be supposed to be so unaccountably absurd , as to commence Atheist contrary to his Interest , his Inclination , and his Reason . And as 't is hardly possible to conceive a Person can be an Atheist , without being first Wicked ; so it appears as difficult to imagine , that if he be an Atheist , he should not continue to be so . I know the Contrary is often pretended ; viz. That one that believes nothing of a God or Religion , may yet be , and often is guided by a Principle of Reason and Honour , and will do to others as he would be done unto himself : Such an one ( it is said ) will be satisfied of the Necessity of Humane Laws , and of the Advantages that do thence arise to Mankind : He will think himself obliged to submit to the Laws of his Country , and consequently will keep up to the Rules of common Justice and Honesty ; and this ( say they ) is enough , and all that Religion can pretend to enjoin . a There is a late French Author , that endeavours to maintain by Arguments and Examples , that the Principles of Atheism do not necessarily lead to Vice and Immorality . But in the Proof of this , he comes very short of his Design . He alledges , That some Professing Christianity have always , and do still , live as bad Lives and as wickedly as any Atheists whatsoever can do : And that some Atheists have lived very Regularly and Morally . But what then ? Allowing and granting all this ; it doth not in the least follow that Atheism doth not lead to Immorality and a Corruption of Manners . For it is neither asserted that Atheism is the only way of becoming Wicked ; nor that an Atheist must necessarily be guilty of all manner of Vice. No doubt very many Men betake themselves to a sinful Course , without having any Principles to justifie themselves by , as the Atheist pretends to : But are drawn into Wickedness purely by Incogitancy and want of Consideration . And such kind of Persons , though they make an outward Profession of Christianity , yet they may be , and doubtless often are , as Vicious and Immoral as any other Men , without ever arriving at the Point of Speculative Atheism , or perhaps without ever so much as doubting of the Being of a God , of the Truth of Religion , or of a Future State of Rewards and Punishments . No one saith also that an Atheist must necessarily be guilty of all manner of Vice and Immorality : But 't is plain enough , that his Principles lead him to prosecute any vicious Inclination that is suitable to him , and to do any thing that he can safely , to procure to himself that kind of Happiness or Satisfaction he proposes to enjoy . Many Sins are disagreeable to some particular Periods and Circumstances of a Man's Life , to his Constitution , Genius and Humour . Now 't is easie to suppose a Man may abstain from such , for his own Ease , Health and Quiet 's sake . Self-Love will preserve the Atheist from such open and notorious Acts of Wickedness , as will expose him to the Capital Punishment of Human Laws ; and which will endanger depriving him of his Being here , where he only proposes to be happy . This Principle also of Self-Love , will hinder him from exposing himself to Ignominy and Scandal ; and will make him endeavour to keep fair in the Opinions of those whose disesteem would give him a great degree of Unhappiness . But it doth not in the least follow from hence , that because he is not guilty of all manner , or of this or that particular Vice , that therefore he is a good Moral Man , and guilty of none at all : It cannot be concluded from hence , that such a Person will avoid committing any Fact , be it never so Wicked , when it is stript of all these Inconveniences , and can be done secretly , safely and securely : when 't is agreeable to his Constitution and Humour , fashionable and gentile , and contributes very much to that kind of Satisfaction he is inclin'd to ; for as one that had consider'd this Point well , observes , Self-Love , which like Fire covets to resolve all things into it self , makes Men they care not what Villany or what Impiety they Act , so it may but conduce to their own Advantage . ( Preface to Great is Diana of the Ephesians . ) And indeed , if he be not absolutely Stupid , and one that proposes to himself no manner of End at all , he will certainly do this very thing : He will pursue and practise Indifferently such kind of Designs and Actions , be they good or bad , as will give him as much Pleasure and Happiness as he can have here in this short Life , where , Miserable Wretch as he is , he only hath any hope . And nothing can nor will hinder such a Person from endeavouring to do or obtain any thing he hath a Mind to , but the fear of being exposed to Punishment and Misery here , from those among whom he lives . Now , this Consideration can have no place in secret Actions , and consequently nothing will hinder a Man of these abominable Principles from committing the most barbarous Villany that is consistent with his Safety , and subservient to his Desires ; that can be either concealed in Secresie , or supported by Power . For , as to the Principle of Honour , that such Men will pretend to be governed and guided by , and which they would set up to supply the Room of Conscience and Religion ; 't is plain , that 't is the veriest Cheat in Nature : 't is nothing but a meer abusive Name , to gull the World into a Belief that they have some kind of Principle to act and proceed by , and which keeps them from doing an Ill Thing : Whereas the Atheist can have no Principle at all , but that sordid one of Self Love ; which will still carry him to the perpetrating of any thing indifferently , according as it best conduces to his present Interest and Advantage . They deny that there are any Actions truly Good or Honourable , or Wicked and Base in themselves ; but that this is all owing to the peculiar Customs , Laws , and Constitutions of Places and Countries : And that as all Men are , so Actions also , are naturally equal and alike : And how far such Notions as these will carry Men , 't is very easie both to Imagine and to Observe . One would think nothing could be more Noble , Honourable and Comely , than for a Man to stick firm and constant to those Principles that he pretends to , and by no means whatever to be brought to abjure and deny them . Sincerity is so lovely and desirable a Vertue , that it doth approve it self , as it were naturally , to the reason of all Mankind : and 't is equally Useful , nay , indeed Necessary , to the due Government of the World. But this Noble Virtue , so peculiar to a Man of True honour and greatness of Mind , the Atheist will practise no longer than it is for his Interest and Advantage , and while it is consistent with his Safety . That Men may profess or deny any thing to save their Lives , is the avowed Principle of one of their great Writers . And the same is expresly asserted in other words , even in lesser Cases than that of Danger of Death , by the Translator of Philostratus's Life of Apollonius Tyanaeus , with a great Pretence to Wit and Humour . But if Men may Lye and Prevaricate from so base and abject a Principle as Fear , no doubt they may do so for Interest and Advantage , for that is certainly as good a ground , as Cowardliness and Baseness ; and then what becomes of this boasted Honour that is so much talk'd of ; this greatness of Mind , that will keep a Man from doing an ill thing . In reality , 't will at last amount to no more than this , that he will forbear doing an Ill Thing , when he thinks it will prove ill to him : he will be Just , Honest and Sincere when he don't dare be otherwise , for fear of the Law , Shame , and Ignominy : For all Men of Atheistical Principles would be Knaves and Villains if they durst , if they could do it safely and securely : such a Man ( 't is like ) shall return you a Bag of Money , or a rich Jewel you happen to depose in his Hands ; but why is it ? 't is because he dares not keep it and deny it ; 't is great odds but he is discovered and exposed by this means ; and besides , 't is Unfashionable and Ungenteel to be a Cheat in such Cases . But to impoverish a Family by Extravagance and Debauchery , to defraud Creditors of their just Debts , or Servants of their Wages , to Cheat at Play , to violate one's Neighbour's Bed to gratifie one's own Lust , are things , which though to the full as Wicked and Unreasonable in themselves , are yet swallowed down as allowable enough , because common and usual , and which are not , the more is the pity , attended with that Scandal and Infamy that other Vices are . Thus 't is very plain , that this pretended Principle of Honour in an Atheist or a Wicked Man , and this Obedience and Deference that he pretends to pay to the Laws of his Country , is a most Partial and Changeable thing , and vastly different from that true Honour and Bravery that is founded on the Eternal Basis of Conscience and Religion ; 't is an Airy Name that serves only to amuse unthinking and short-sighted Persons into a Belief , that he hath some kind of Principles that he will stick to ; that so he may be thought fit to be trusted , dealt and conversed withall in the World. And thus , I think , it is very clear and apparent that Wickedness naturally leads to Infidelity and Atheism , and Infidelity and Atheism to the Support and Maintenance of That : And that it is the Wicked that will not seek after God , and whose thoughts are that there is no God. Which was my First Particular . I come next to Consider , II. That Peculiar Kind of Wickedness which the Psalmist here takes notice of , as the chief Ground from whence Infidelity and Atheism proceed : And that is Pride . The Wicked , through the Pride of his Countenance will not seek after God , neither is God in all his Thoughts . And I question not but this Vice of Pride , is generally the Concomitant of Infidelity , and the chief Ground from whence the Spirit of Speculative Atheism proceeds . When Men of proud and haughty Spirits lead ill Lives , as they very often do , they always endeavour to justifie themselves in their Proceeding , be it never so Irregular and Absurd , and never so contrary to the considerate Sentiments of all the rest of the World. A Proud Man hates to acknowledge himself in an Errour , and to own that he hath committed a Fault : He would have the World believe that there is a kind of Indefectibility in his Understanding and Judgment , which secures him from being deceived and mistaken like other Mortals . Whatever Actions therefore such a Person commits , he would fain have appear reasonable and justifiable . But he sees plainly that he cannot make Wickedness and Immorality do so , as long as Religion stands its Ground in the World. The Sacred Scriptures are so plain and express against such a course of Life , that there is no avoiding being convicted and condemned while their Authority remains good : 'T is impossible any way to reconcile a vicious Life to the Doctrine there delivered : And therefore he sees plainly , That one that Professes to believe the great Truths of Religion , and the Divine Authority of those Sacred Books , and yet by his Practices gives the Lye to his Profession , and while he acknowledges Jesus Christ in his Words , doth in his Works deny him ; he sees , I say , that such an one stands 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Self-condemned , and can never acquit himself either to his own Conscience , or to the Reason of Mankind . Now this is perfectly disagreeable to the Genious and Humour of a Proud Man ; he cannot bear to be thought in any respect Incoherent or Inconsistent with himself : And therefore having vainly tried to justifie himself in his Wickedness , by alledging the Examples of some good Men in Sacred Scripture , that have been guilty of great Sins , but whose Repentance he can by no means digest : And having also fruitlessly endeavoured to rely on the perverted Sense of some particular Texts of Scripture , which he knows are sufficiently refuted by the Analogy of the whole ; he finds at last that 't is the best way to deny the Divine Authority of the Bible , and the Truth of all Revelation , and so boldly shake off at once all Obligation to the Rules of Piety and Virtue ; and since Religion can't be wrested so as to give an allowance to his way of living , he will take it quite away , Banish that and God Almighty out of the World , and set up Iniquity by a Law. And nothing can be more pleasing and agreeable to the Arrogance of such Men than this way of Proceeding : It gratifies an insolent and haughty Spirit prodigiously , to do things out of the common Road ; to pretend to be Adept in a Philosophy that is as much above the rest of Mankind's Notions , as 't is Contradictory to it : to assume to himself a Power of seeing much farther into things than other Folk , and to penetrate into the deepest recesses of Nature . a He would pass for one of Nature's Cabinet Councellors , a Bosome Favourite that knows all the secret Springs of Action , and the first remote Causes of all Things . He pleases himself mightily to have discovered with what Ridiculous Bugbears the Generality of Mankind are awed and frighted ; he can now look down b with a Scornful Pity on the poor groveling Vulgar , the Unthinking Mobb below , that are poorly enslaved and terrified by the Fear of a God , and of Ills to come they know not when nor where : He despises such dull Biggots as will be imposed upon by Priests , and that will superstitiously abstain from the Enjoyment of present Pleasure , on account of such idle Tales as the Comminations of Religion . And as he despises those that are not Wicked , so he upbraids those that are so , with inconsistency with their Principles and Profession , and for doing the same things that he doth , when they have nothing to bear them out : And thus he doubly gratifies his Pride , by justifying himself , and condemning and triumphing over others . Nay , the very Mistakes and Errours of such a Man , we are told , appear laudable and great to him , and he can please himself at last , with saying , That he hath not Erred like a Fool , but Secundum Verbum . Vid. Oracles of Reason , p. 92. When Men have a while enured themselves to talk at this rate , and to blow themselves up with such lofty Conceits and Fancies , they grow ▪ by degrees more and more opinionated , and do dote more and more on their own dear Notions ; and finding by this means quiet and ease in the Practice of their Sins , they at last degenerate so far as firmly to believe the Truth of what they perhaps at first advanced and talk'd only from a Spirit of Contradiction ; and become so stupid and blind , as , like great Liars , to believe their own Figments and Inventions a . To such any Extravagant and Inconsistent Hypothesis , so it do but clash with Sacred Scripture , shall be no less than a real Demonstration ; a Bold and daring Falsity shall pass for undoubted Truth ; and a Prophane Jest , or a Scurrilous Reflection on the Character or Person of one in Holy Orders , shall be a sufficient Refutation of the plainest Demonstration he can bring against their Principles and Practices . For it is most certain , that though a Proud Man always think himself in the right , and arrogate to himself an Exemption from the common Frailties and Errours of Mankind ; yet there is no body so frequently deceived and mistaken , as he ; for he doth so over-estimate all his Faculties and Endowments , and is so much enamoured of , and Trusts so much to his own Quickness and Penetration , that he usually Imagines his Great Genius able to Master any thing without the servile fatigue of Pains and Study : and therefore he will never give himself Time seriously to examine into things , he scorns and hates the Drudgery of deeply revolving and comparing the Idaeas of things in his Mind , but rashly proceeds to Judgment and Determination on a very Transient and Superficial View : And there will he stick , be the Resolution he is come to never so absurd and Unaccountable ; for he is as much above confessing an Errour in Judgment , as he is of Repenting of a Fault in Practice . And indeed , as the absurd and ridiculous Paradoxes which Atheistical Writers maintain , shew their shallow insight into things , and their Precipitancy in forming a Determination about them ; so the Pride and Haughtiness with which they deliver them , abundantly demonstrates the True Spirit of such Authors , and the Real Ground both of their Embracing and Maintaining their Opinions . Plato describes the Atheists of his Age , to be a Proud , Insolent , and Haughty sort of Men , the Ground of whose Opinion was , he saith , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , in reality , a very mischievous Ignorance ; though to the conceited Venders and Embracers of it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . It appeared to be the greatest Wisdom , and the Wisest of all Opinions . Lactantius tells us in his Discourse , De Ira Dei , p. 729. Oxon. that the true Reason why Diagoras Melius and Theodorus , two of the Ancient Atheists denied a Deity was , That they might gain the Glory of being the Authors of some new Opinion , contradictory to the common Notions of Mankind . And of the former of these , Diagoras , Sextus Empiricus acquaints us , That because a certain perjured Person , who had wrong'd him , lived unpunished by the Gods , he was so enraged at it , that he undertook to maintain there were no Gods at all . Lib. Adr. Mathem . Edit . Genev. 1621. The like Pride and Arrogance Lactantius tells us he found in the two great Writers that appeared against Christianity , in his time , in Bithynia . The former of these , who , 't is probable , was the famous Porphyry , called himself Antistes Philosophiae , the Chief or Prince of Philosophers ; and saith Lactantius , Nescio utrum Superbius an Importunius , pretended to correct the blind Errors of Mankind , and to guide Men into the True Way ; He could not bear , that Unskilful and Innocent Persons should be enslaved by the Cheats of , and become a Prey to , Crafty and Designing Men. Lib. de Justit . p. 420 , 421. Oxon. With the like Assurance do the Modern Writers of this kind express themselves : And though they have in reality very little or nothing New , but only the Arguments of the Ancients a little varied and embelished , ( as I shall have occasion to observe hereafter more at large , ) yet they all set up for new Lights , and mighty Discoverers of the Secrets of Nature and Philosophy ; and all of the assume the Glory of first leading Men into the way of Truth , and delivering them out of the dark mazes of Vulgar Errors . This was the pretence of Vanini , who was burnt for Atheism at Tholouse , A. D. 1619. whose Mind , he says , grew more and more strong , healthful and robust , as he exercised it in searching out the Secrets of that Supreme Philosophy , which is wholly unknown to the common and ordinary Rank of Philosophers : And this , he saith , will soon be discovered , by the perusal of his Physico-Magicum , which was now to see the Light. Vid. Vanini Amphitheatr . in Epist. Dedicat. After the same manner do Machiavel , Spinoza , Hobbs , Blount , and all the late Atheistical Writers , deliver themselves ; Instances of which , I think , I need not stay to give , since 't is conspicuous through the whole course of their Writings , and , no doubt , taken notice of by every Reader ; only of the first of these , viz. Machiavel , I cannot but take notice , that Vanini himself saith , that 't was his Pride and Covetousness that made him deny the Truth of the Miracles recorded in Sacred Scripture . Amphitheatr . p. 51. Edit . Lugduni , 1615. And as the Writings , so the Discourses of these Gentlemen do equally discover this Pride and Vanity : for they do usually deliver themselves with such a scornful and contemptuous Air , when they either endeavour to establish their own , or to overthrow their Adversaries Arguments , as sufficiently shews the Propriety and Truth of the Psalmist's Observation here , that 't is through the pride of his countenance , that the wicked will not seek after God. The LXXII . indeed render it , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Through the abundance of his wrath : and therein they are followed by the vulgar Latin. As if the Wicked were angry against God , and enraged at his Presidency over Humane Affairs : as if they fretted under , and quarrelled at the Severity of his Laws and Government , and scorned to apply themselves to him by Prayer , and to submit to him by Obedience . But though this may be a good sence of the words ; and though , I doubt not , a stubborn Frowardness and Perverseness of our Wills against the Will of God , may be a frequent cause and ground of Infidelity : yet our English Translation appears to me to be much better warranted from the Hebrew ; for there it is properly , through the Elevation of his Nose or Face . Which , truly , is very emphatical , and expresses such a proud and scornful gesture of Face , as is the natural Indication of the Internal Haughtiness of a Man's Mind ; or as the Targum , on this place , render it , of the arrogance of his Spirit . Such a Turn and Air of Countenance as argues a proud contempt of all the rest of Mankind , who trot on in the common road , believe and worship a God , and poorly submit to be governed by his Laws and Precepts . And thus having dispatched my Two first Particulars , and shewed , That Wickedness and Pride are two great Causes of Infidelity and Atheism ; I should now proceed to speak to the Third thing observable in my Text , viz. III. The great Charge which the Psalmist brings against the wicked Person here mentioned , That he will not seek after God ; neither is God in all his Thoughts . But this I must leave for my next Discourse , and shall now Conclude with a word or two by way of Application . Since the Case stands thus , That Wickedness in general , and Pride in particular , do so naturally lead to Infidelity and Atheism ; and that 't is hardly possible to imagine a Man can entertain such an Opinion without them : Let every one then , that hath any Inclination or Temptation that way , seriously examine his own Mind , whether he be not prejudiced towards it by some vitious Desires and Affections ; whether he doth not heartily wish that there were no God nor Religion ; whether he hath not , by his past Actions , really loaded himself with guilt , and therefore is disturbed in his Mind with the apprehension , that the Divine Punishment will overtake him , and light upon him , for his Sins : Let him search diligently whether he hath not recourse to Infidelity , as to an Opiate in this case , to allay the Pains of his Conscience , and to compose the Disorder of his guilty Mind , and to gain , as it were , an Insensibility in Sinning . For if the case be thus , 't is plain , he is not free , and at liberty , to make a just Judgment of the Truth of Things ; he is already a Party , and much more enclined to one side of the Question than to the other ; and consequently , he will pitch on that as Truth , which he would have to be so . But this is certainly a very partial way of proceeding , and such as no wise Man would use in a matter of so very great moment , to engage one's self rashly in a Determination , before a thorough and careful Examination of the Evidence on both sides : This is to look on things in a false Light , through coloured Glasses , through Diseased and Icterical Eyes ; and then to believe them to be in reality , what our depraved and prejudicate Apprehensions make them . The Enemies to Religion say , That the Preachers of it are not to be minded ; the Arguments they bring are all forced and strained , because 't is their Trade , and they get Money by it ; and their Craft obliges them to cry out , Great is Diana of the Ephesians ! I hope therefore this being so Precarious and Partial a way of Proceeding , to subscribe to Religion by Implicit Faith , and to take it up upon trust from those , whose Interest ( they say ) it is to propagate it in the World : I hope , I say , that Men will not act so on the other hand , and embrace Atheism and Infidelity on the same Precarious Grounds . I hope all such Persons can clearly approve themselves to be truly Virtuous and Moral in their Inclinations and Practices ; and are sure that they have no strong inclinations to such Actions as the World calls Vicious . For if they have , and do take real Pleasure in the Practice of Wickedness , 't is plain that they must be Prejudiced and Bigotted to their Lusts and Humours ; they cannot be Free-thinkers in the Case ; the Cloggs of ill Custom , and a loose Education bear them down , and they cannot shake them off . Their present Interest influences and governs their Belief , and enslaves and Tyrannizes over their Reason . Let them consider impartially the Arguments for Infidelity , and they will find them all forced and strained Paradoxes , Invented by Sceptical and Canting Philosophers , a Crafty and Designing sort of Men , who set up Atheism because they Get by it , and whose Interest it is that there should be no God and Religion . Let not therefore Men be so stupid and blind as to talk of Prejudices on the side of Religion , and never , perceive that , there are any at all on that of Infidelity . If they scorn to take up Religion on trust , without examining into its Grounds and Reasons ; for their Own sakes let , them be as Cautious and Inquisitive on the other hand , and not run Hood-winked into Eternal Destruction , by subscribing to Atheism in hast , and without that previous Consideration and Regard , which so great and important an Affair requires : For if they will but strip themselves of those Prejudices which arise from their Vices , and avoid being impetuously born down by their depraved Inclination ; they will soon perceive that the Grounds and Principles of Infidelity are abundantly too precarious to afford them any thing like a Demonstrative assurance of the Falsity of Religion : Without which , surely no Man of Sense , and that can think at all , will ever run the hazard of Damnation . FINIS . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A45642-e350 a Pensees diverses Ecrites à un Docteur de Sorbonne à l'Occasion de la Cométe qui parut au Mois de Decembre , 1680. Rotterdam . 8vo . a Vid. Jul. Caes. Vanini Amphitheatr . in Titulo & Epist. Dedicator . b Despicere unde queas alios , passimque videre Errare , atque viam palantes quaerere vitae . Lucr. lib. 2. a Vid. Great is Diana of the Ephesians . Animus tamen in supremae & vulgo . Philosophantibus incognitae Philosophiae Arcanis investigandis validior factus & robustior ; ut Physico-Magicum nostrum , quod mox ex umbrâ in lucem prodibit pellegens , aequa posteritas facilè est Judicatura .