A brief explication of the first fifty Psalms by David Dickson. Dickson, David, 1583?-1663. 1655 Approx. 752 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 176 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2004-05 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A35941 Wing D1392 ESTC R24996 08713022 ocm 08713022 41635 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A35941) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 41635) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 1256:5) A brief explication of the first fifty Psalms by David Dickson. Dickson, David, 1583?-1663. The second edition, corrected. [8], 331 p. Printed by T.M. for Thomas Johnson, London : 1655. Includes text of Psalms I-L. Reproduction of original in the Union Theological Seminary Library, New York. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. Gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. 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Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements). Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng Bible. -- O.T. -- Psalms I-L -- Commentaries. 2003-12 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2004-02 SPi Global Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2004-03 Judith Siefring Sampled and proofread 2004-03 Judith Siefring Text and markup reviewed and edited 2004-04 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion A BRIEF EXPLICATION of the First Fifty PSALMS : BY DAVID DICKSON Professor of Divinity in the Colledge of Edenburgh . PSAL. 106.4 . Remember me O Lord , with the favor that thou bearest unto thy people : O visit me with thy salvation , that I may see the good of thy chosen , that I may rejoyce in the gladnesse of thy Nation , that I may glory with thine inheritance . The second Edition corrected . Imprimatur , EDMUND CALAMY , Nov. 15. 165● . LONDON , Printed by T. M. for THOMAS JOHNSON at the Key in Pauls Church-yard , 1655. To the truly Honorable and Religious Ladies , my Lady Marquesse of Argyle , and my Lady Anne Campbell her eldest daughter : Grace and Peace through Jesus Christ. IT is the good and wise way of God , in matters concerning this temporal life , to make manifest his bounty and kindnesse to all men , how unkind and wicked soever they be , and not leave himselfe without a witnesse against complainers : But in the matters of salvation , and things which do belong to eternal life , hee useth not to extend his special love so largely ; for even the externall means of saving knowledge are bestowed upon few Nations and People , in comparison of the whole race of mankind , Psal. 147.19 , 20. He sheweth his word unto Jacob , and his statutes and his judgments unto Israel ; hee hath not dealt so with any Nation , and as for his judgements they have not knowne them . And though the people be few to whom the offer of salvation is made , in comparison of the rest of the world ; yet are they many in comparison of those who find grace in the eyes of the Lord , to accept the offer of Grace tendred unto them in Christ Jesus ; for many are called , but few chosen , Mat. 22.14 . And albeit it be true , that Gods calling and election hath place in all rankes and estates of persons , higher and lower , learned or unlearned , rich and poor ; yet doth this grace stretch it selfe to many moe of the meaner sort of people then of the wise , wealthy and honorable in the world , 1 Cor. 1.26 . Yee see your calling brethren , how that not many wise men after the flesh , not many mighty , not many Noble are called ; but God hath chosen the foolish things in the world , &c. Therefore so much the greater is the favour of God , which your souls have found , most honorable , that you are made some of those few , yea after so comfortable a manner , that the daughter finding her self led by her Mothers hand , in her tender youth unto Christ the Saviour , looketh on her as her mother twice ; and the Mother having power and place to draw the vaile of her daughters virginall modesty , retirednesse , and prudence , which concealeth much of the lustre of accomplishments from the sight of others who stand at a greater distance , doth look upon her notable endowments , and growing graces , as more then a recompence of all the paines sustained in bringing forth , and bestowed upon education of such a plant so wel fitted for that which is most desirable in earth and heaven ; And thus much I have reason for me to say , not only because it is my part , as I have occasion , to stir up parents to study to have their children timously engaged to the Lord , in hope to have the more early and abundant comfort by them in their owne time ; but also because I have been witnes of the Christian behaviour of both your Ladiships , in no smal tryal of your faith & patience by the troubles of the times , both publick and private , for a number of yeares together ; which experience hath now good use to fit and prepare your honours for a further exercise ●rue beleevers are subject unto in this life , and for what this present time doth call unto all to be prepared for . This condition being in all ages incident to the godly , should not be looked upon in our time as if some strange thing did befall us : for it is the Lords ordinary way of dealing with his children , by changes of their condition outward and inward , by vicissitudes of straits and outgates , by entercourse of Crosses and Comforts , and by much variety of severall conditions , powerfully to traine , advance , and settle their faith , and to increase the growth of all graces accompanying salvation in them ; for what we cannot conceive at one lesson , because wee are dull , he teacheth us by parts , in many & sundry instructions , all tending to bring us to a further measure of humiliation , and self denial on the one hand , and of submission unto God , and faith in Christ on the other hand : And this way of God is made plaine by the practice of the Saints , and laid open before us in the book of the Psalms ; wherof at this time I have only taken a third part to handle by way of Essay , thereby to finde the advice of judicious brethren , how to satisfie , and edifie the Reader more in what is behind to be handled , if God be pleased to give further employment and assistance in this service ; And this which here is offered to the edification of the Lords people , I have put forth under your Honours Name , because of your constant affection to the study of the Scrip●ures , and respect to all the messengers of Truth , and to me for the Truths cause , for which I will still remaine , Your Honours much obliged servant in the Gospel . DAVID DICKSON . TO The READER . CHristian Reader , In this Essay on the Psalmes , as in other like pieces , on some other Books of Scripture , sent forth to the world from me , a part of my designe is still the same , that hereby I may try , if it may be the Lords will , to stirre up some more able instruments to lay open briefly , in this mould , or any other they please better , the chiefe Doctrines treasured up in the store-house of holy Scripture , whereby the Lords people may bee solidly informed in the knowledge , and established in the faith of true Religion , by the most near and immediate way of drawing their light from the fountaine of the Lords owne word : for this were a meane ( as I humbly conceive ) to cut off many needlesse disputes wherewith the world is filled ; a meane to refute many errours , which the ignorance of Scripture and of the power of God hath bred and fostered in the Christian Church ; a meane to prevent many mistakes whe●ein well-meaning zeale doth oft-times fall , for lack of a briefe manuduction into the true sense and intent of places mistaken . And I am not altogether out of hope , that the Lord shall hearken to my desire , and set some of his servants on worke , ere it bee long , to entertaine this motion , and to take a share also in the taske . Meane time , I pray let my aime and endeavour bee acceptable unto thee , and doe not take exception that so much is left unsaid upon so pregnant passages of Scripture as I goe through briefly , and that so much good matter is hinted at , and past by so quickly ; and sometimes so abruptly ; nor that the deductions of sundry doctrines from the ground pointed at in the text , are oft-times not so convincingly cleared as you would ; But take this consideration along with thee , That any longer insisting either in explication of the grounds of the Doctrines pointed at in the text , or in amplification of the Doctrines deduced from the grounds , would have marred much the intended brevity of the mould , wherewith both the learned , and such as have lesse leisure to read longer discourses , possibly will be wel pleased ; mainly for this cause , that they are not much taken off their studies , or from their other necessarie employments , by this manner of writing : And wherewith also charitable censurers , will be content haply when they perceive that in this plainnesse and brevity , every Reader shall quickly meet with good matter of meditation at least , whereby the smallest grains of sound truth , sowne by this means among Readers , may by Gods blessing get root , watering , and increase in a good and honest heart : which blessing , that it may be very large , shall be the hearty prayer of , Thy Servant in the work of the Gospel , DAVID DICKSON . A BRIEF EXPOSITION Of the first Fifty PSALMES . ALbeit the Booke of the Psalms be not composed after the manner of Humane Writings , in some such Method of Parts , as History or Art could possibly prescribe ; yet it is so digested in Divine Providence , as the Order it hath , is farre better then humane Artifice could have given unto it : For the scope of this Book being not only to teach us the Grounds of Divinity , for our information , but also to direct us how to apply saving Doctrines practically to our selfe , and to make use thereof for Reformation of our Affections , and Actions , and to helpe us by the Example of the Practice and Exercise of Gods deare Children , to go after their footsteps , being led by this Directory all along , as by the hand unto the fruition of Felicity , in higher and higher Degrees thereof , till wee bee perfectly possessed of it in Heaven . The Psalmes in relation to this scope are so placed , as the first Psalme having divided all men in two Ranks , in order to the way of seeking Felicity , doth give direction to us to chuse , not the counsel of the Wicked , but the Word of God for the Rule whereby to walk unto true Blessednesse : And the second Psalm giveth us God in Christ for a Captain and Leader to us , who is able to maintaine his Church , and all those who shal follow this Rule , against all the Opposition which can be made against them by the Power and Multitude of the wicked , who wil not be bound by the bonds and cords ( as they esteeme ) of this Rule of the Lords Law : And the rest of the Psalmes do hold forth the Examples of Christ and his Followers , yoaked in Conflict with their Persecuters for Righteousnesse sake ; in all Assaults making use of their Covenant with God , and prevailing by his power which upholdeth , di●ecteth , comforteth them in all their Troubles , and giveth victorie and deliverie unto them out of them all : to the intent that every one who shall chuse to be truly blessed in the way prescribed of God ( who only can give and maintaine Felicity ) may resolve and prepare themselves for such a life as the Saints have had in all Generations before them ; that is , a life mixed with Crosses and sweet Comforts ; a life wherein they shall be put to make use of their faith in God by Prayers , and shall not want for their answer , in due time , matter if Ioy and Praises to God ; a life composed of variety of Godly Exercises , and alternating vicissitudes of Conditions , as the bulk of this Book representeth ; but closing as this bundle of Psalms closeth , with six times pure praises , whereunto now and then the Lord frameth the heart of the Believer with Ioy unspeakable and full of Glory : That endlesse and uninterrupted Thansgiving and Praise being reserved to the General Assembly and full meeting of Christ , and all his Redeemed ones , at the great day of our Lords second coming . PSALM I. THis Psalme teacheth , that no ungodly man is blessed , but the godly man only , ver . 1 , 2. Which is proved by three reasons : The first , because God doth blesse the godly even in this life with grace to bring forth good works profitable to themselves and others , in every state of life , ver . 3. But all that the wicked doe for making themselves happy , shall be blasted , and found to be meer vanity , ver . 4. Another reason is , because after this life the wicked shall be s●cluded from the presence of God , and societie of the godly at the day of judgment , v. 5. The third reason , confirming both the former , is , because God approveth the way of the godly , and will make the end of the way of the ungodly destruction , ver . 6. Ver. 1. BLessed is the man that walketh not in the counsel of the ungodly , nor standeth in the way of sinners , nor sitteth in the seat of the scornful . 2. But his delight is in the law of the Lord , and in his law doth he meditate both day and night . FRom the pronouncing of the godly man to be the blessed man , and not the ungodly , Learn 1. Though sin and misery abound among men , yet blessednesse may be attained ; for God here pronounceth some to be blessed . 2. In relation to the seeking of blessednesse , all men , within and without the visible Church , are divided into godly men , that seek to be blessed in Gods way ; and ungodly men , who seeke blessednesse , but not in Gods way● ; for so are they here all ranked . 3. To determine the Question , who is the blessed man , is competent to God only , in whose hand alone it is to make a man blessed ; for here he taketh it upon him , to pronounce the godly man to be the blessed man. 4. The ungodly doe think themselves very wise in following the counsell of their own heart , and of others like themselves , that they may be blessed ; But this is not the way of the blessed man , He walketh not in the counsel of the ungodly . 5. The ungodly do obstinately continue in the course of sinning , but the blessed man , if he be overtaken in a sinne , doth not defend his sinne , nor persist in it : Hee standeth not in the way of sinners . 6. The ungodly may come to that height at length , as to mock godlinesse , as meet folly , and to scorne admonitions and reproofs : But the blessed man doth never harden his heart so , as to mock piety in others , or instruction offered to himselfe , He sitteth not in the seat of the scornfull . 7. The blessed man maketh the word of God in holy Scripture , to be his Counseller concerning the remedie of sinne and misery , and to be the rule to walk by , til his blessednesse be perfected ; for the Scripture to him , for the obedience of faith , is a Law , and that fenced with supreme authority : It is the Law of the Lord. 8. In that measure that a man is godly and blessed , hee maketh the word of God , which holdeth forth the way of reconciliation with God , through the Messiah , Christ , the way of growing in communion with God through him , the matter of his chief delight , and contentment ; His delight is in the Law of the Lord. 9. In that measure that a man delighteth in the Law of the Lord , he verseth himselfe therin upon all occasions . In his Law doth he meditate day and night . Ver. 3. And he shall be like a tree planted by the rivers of water , that bringeth forth his fruit in his season : his leafe also shall not wither , and whatsoever he doth shall prosper . Ver. 4. The ungodly are not so : but are like the chaffe which the wind driveth away . This is the first reason proving the Godly man to bee the only Blessed man , and not the ungodly : Hence learn , 1. In that measure a man studieth holy Communion with God , by delighting and meditating in his word , he shall bee fixed and furnished with the influence of Grace from Christ , for the entertaining of Spiritual Life in him ; Hee shall be like a tree planted by the rivers of water . 2. The man that maketh the word of God his delight , shall be made fruitfull in every good worke , as opportunity is offered to him ; Hee shall bee like the tree that bringeth forth his fruit in his season . 3. This man shall be enabled to bear out a holy profession of his faith in , and obedience to God , in adversity , as well as in prosperity : His leaf also shall not wither . 4. Whatsoever Duty or Service to God this man goeth about , shall not want the assistance of God , nor successe , nor acceptance at his hands ; Whatsoever hee doth shall prosper . 5. The ungodly man ( whatsoever hee may seeme to be before the world ) yet hee is destitute of all Spirituall Life , and alien from the fellowship of Gods grace , unfit for every good work , ready when tempted hard , to quit his counterfeit profession of Religion , and is cursed in all that hee doth ; for what the blessed Godly man is here said to bee , the wicked is the contrary ; The ungodly are not so . 6. Whatsoever appearance of godlinesse , or temporal prosperity , or hope of happinesse the ungodly man seemeth to have , it shall be found but counterfeit , and shal stand him in no stead in his greatest need ▪ The ungodly are like the chaffe which the wind bloweth away . Ver. 5. Therfore the ungodly shall not stand in the judgment , nor sinners in the congregation of the righteous . The second reason proving the Godly man to be the Blessed man , and not the ungodly , is a consequence of the first : Whence learn , 1. Not only shall all that the ungodly man soweth to his fleshly Felicity , prove chaffe ; but also for his paines he shall answer to God in the day of judgement , and there be condemned ; for it is said , Therfore the ungodly shall not stand in the judgment . 2. Howsoever the Godly cann●● enjoy one anothers fellowship in this life , for many reasons ; yet at last they shall meet in a generall Assembly of all Saints , in the full fellowship of God ; for there is a day of Judgement to bee , wherein they shall stand , and not be casten or condemned , but shall be fully absolved , and remain in the standing Congregation of the Righteous . 3. Albeit now the ungodly and godly do live together , mixed in one Kingdome , City , Incorporation , visible Church , Family , and Bed , possibly , yet there shall be a perfect separation at last , of the one from the other ; for sinners ( or servants of sin ) shall not stand in the Congregation of the Righteous . Ver. 6. For the Lord knoweth the way of the righteous : but the way of the ungodly shal perish . The third reason confirmeth the former two : Whence learn , 1. Albeit there be no man that liveth and sinneth not , yet the godly man , being justified by faith , and carefull to bring forth the fruits of faith , is not a sinner in Gods esteeme ; for hee is here called Righteous . 2. However there be many imperfections and failings of the Godly mans actions , yet the course hee keepeth , and way which hee endeavoureth to walke in , is holy and acceptable to God ; For the Lord knoweth , or appro●eth the way of the Righteous . 3. Let the men of this world please themselves , and applaud one another in their Godlesse carriage ; yet the end of their course shall be everlasting destruction ; for the way of the ungodly shall perish . PSAL. II. That this Psalme doth mainly , if not only , concern Christ , appeareth by this , That it hath not so much as Davids name in the inscription , albeit he did write it : and by Act. 4.25 , 26. where it is appropriate to Christ. This Psalm hath two parts ; in the former is set down the stability of Christs Kingdome , against all the enemies therof , ver . 1 , 2 , 3. First , Because God the Father taketh part with his Son , against all his enemies , and wil establish Christs Kingdome , maugre them all , ver . 4 , 5 , 6. Secondly , Because in the Covenant of Redemption , the Father hath promised to the Son enlargement of his Kingdom , and victory over all his enemies , ver . 7 , 8 , 9. In the latter part of the Psalm the Prophet delivereth the use of this Doctrine in an exhortation to great and smal , to repent of their sins , and to believe in Christ , ver . 10 , 11 , 12. Ver. 1. WHy do the Heathen rage , and the people imagine a vain thing ? 2 The Kings of the earth set themselves , and the Rulers take counsel together , against the Lord , and against his Annointed , saying , 3 Let us break their bands asunder , and cast away their cords from us ▪ THe Prophet sheweth , That in vaine shall Christs enemies oppose his Kingdome : Whence learn , 1. Thae the ungodly world being strangers from the life of God , are incensed in a mad moode against the Church and Kingdom of Christ in the world , The heathen rage , saith he , to wit , against the Visible Government of Christ in his Visible Church , as appeareth ver . 2 , 3. 2. Their Opposition is altogether unjust , without cause , and reasonlesse ; for being asked , they cannot render a reason Why ? 3. Though Christs's Enemies promise to themselves success in their opposition to Christ , and that they shall surely overturne his Kingdome , yet shall their imaginations prove folly ; they shall not prevail , for they imagine a vain thing , which is impossible to bee effectuate . 4. The chief Instruments that Satan stirreth up against Christ , to be Heads and Leaders to Heathen and godlesse people in opposing and persecuting Christs Kingdome and Church , are the Magistrates , Rulers , and States-men , that he may colour his malice with the shadow of Authority and Law ; For the Kings of the earth and Rulers set themselves , to wit , in opposition to him . 5. In this attempt the great ones among men agree more easily together , then in any thing else ; they fix their resolutions , communicate their counsels , and conjoyne their power ; The Kings of the earth set themselves , and the Rulers take counsel together . 6. Howsoever the Persecuters of the Church conceive themselves not to oppose God , but men only , when they trouble his people and servants for Righteousnesse , yet because the Quarrel is the Lords , therefore their opposition is declared here to be against the Lord , and his Annointed , or his Christ , who is distinguished here from the Lord , in regard of his Incarnation , Mediation , and Offices , being otherwise , in respect of his God-head , one in Essence with the Father and the Holy Spirit . 7. Though the Law and Ordinances of God be most Holy , most Equitable , most Harmlesse , yea , also most profitable ; yet the wicked esteem of them , as they call them here , Bands and Cords , because they curb and crosse their carnal Wisdome and Licentiousnesse of life . 8. It is not enough to the wicked to disobey and reject the Law and ordinances of Christ , for their owne part , but they wil also have them abolished , that God in Christ should not have a Church at all , at least in their bounds , or where they have power ; Let us break their bands asunder , and cast away their cords from us . Ver. 4. Hee that sitteth in the Heavens shall laugh : the LORD shall have them in derision . 5. Then shal he speak unto them in his wrath , and vex them in his sore displeasure . 6. Yet have I set my King upon my holy hill of Sion . The first reason of the stability of Christs Kingdome is , because God scorneth mens opposing thereof , and will vex his enemies , and settle Christs Kingdome in his visible Church , in the sight of his enemies : Hence learn , 1. Though the Church visible , and the Ordinances of Christ be among the feet of Potentates , and Christs subjects want wisdome and power on earth , to defend themselves , yet their maintainer is omnipotent God , judge over all , even he that sitteth in Heaven . 2. All the devices and conspiracies of men against Christs Kingdome , ( how terrible soever to Gods people ) are but ridiculous and foolish attempts in Gods sight ; The King that sitteth in heaven , shall laugh at them all , and expose them to mockery before men : Hee shall have them in derision . 3. After the Lord hath made manifest the intent of his enemies , and brought their foolish and mad purposes to light , he wil not fail to manifest his mind , and just indignation against them ; for , then shal he speak to them in his wrath . 4. The Lord hath his appointed time wherein he wil arise , and vex the enemies of his Church , partly by disappointing them of their hopes , and partly by inflicting sore plagues upon them ; Then shall hee vex them in his sore displeasure . 5. When the Lord ariseth to judge the enemies of his Church , then doth he give a further manifestation of his purpose to establish his Church , and the visible Kingdome of Christ in the World , maugre all opposition : Yet have I s●t my King upon my holy hill of Zion ▪ 6. Though all Kings and Kingdomes belong unto the Lord , yet he owneth the Church ( represented by the hill of Zion ▪ and he owneth his Son Christ the King thereof , in a special manner , as his peculiar property , wherein he glorieth more then in all his works ; therfore saith he , I have set my King upon my holy Hill ; this is the Speech of God the Father , speaking by his Spirit in the Prophet concerning Christ his Son. V. 7. I will declare the Decree : the Lord hath said unto me , Thou art my Son , this day have I begotten thee . 8. Ask of me , and I shall give thee the Heathen for thine inheritance , and the uttermost parts of the earth for thy possession . The second reason of the stability of Christs Kingdome is , the decreed agreement betweene God the Father and the 〈◊〉 , in the Covenant of Redemption ; some Articles whereof Christ by his Prophet doth here reveal ; for this is the speech of Christ the Son of God , to be incarnate , speaking by his spirit , concerning the stability of the Church , and his Kingdome over it : Whence we learne . 1. The faith of the Saints , in time of the persecution of the Church , may , and should rest perswaded of the stability of the Church , and of Christs Kingdome in it , because it is grounded upon the mysterious and unchangeable decree of God , which here is brought to light , I will declare the decree , saith Christ , not as yet incarnate . 2. It is Christs office as Prophet , to reveale the secret counsel of the Trinity , being the substantial Word of the Father ; and who before the world was created , was with God , and was God , Iohn 1.1 , 2. I will declare the decree , saith the Son of God. 3. The Son of God as he is a person , concurring in the decree of establishing of the Church , and Kingdome of God in it , against all opposition ; So is he party contracter in the Covenant of Redemption : And as he is the promiser , and undertaker to pay the price of the Redemption of his people ; so also is he the receiver of promises , made in favour of his Church and Kingdome : It is he to whom the Father directeth his promise concerning his Church , first and immediately ; for the Son in declaring the decree , saith , The Lord said to me . 4. It is one of the Articles of the Covenant of Redemption , That the promised seed of the woman , the Redeemer of his people , the promised seed of Abrah●m , the Messiah and Saviour of the Elect , the promised son of David , and true King of Israel after his incarnation , shall not be disowned of the Father ; But in and after his deepest humiliation and sufferings , as he shall be , and remaine really the very Son of God , so shall he really at the set day , be acknowledged by the Father , to be the only begotten Son of God ; which day , is the day of Resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead , as the Apostle , Rom. 1.4 . doth teach us , saying , He was declared to be the Son of God with power by the resurrection from the dead ; For the Resurrection of Jesus Christ was a reall speech , saying to Christ in the audience of all the world , in effect as much as , I declare thee this day to be my Son , my only begotten Son , one in substance with me eternally . 5. The declaration of the decree of manifesting of Christ to be the Son of God , is a sufficient demonstration of the impregnable stability of the Church , maugre all the opposition of all the power in the world ; for to this very end is the decree of revealing Christ to be the Son of God ▪ here declared . Thou art my Son whom I have bogotten , is proof abundant ; for this is the Rock whereupon Christ undertaketh to build his Church , against which the gates of hel shal not prevaile , Mat. 16.16.18 . and who is he that overcometh the world , saith Iohn , save he that believeth that Christ is the Son of God ? 1 Iohn 5.5 . 6. Another article of the Covenant of Redemption here declared is , That after Christs Resurrection , and declaration of his formerly over-clouded God-head , he should continue in the office of his mediation , and intercession ; and by vertue of his payed ransome of Redemption , call for the enlargement of his purchased Kingdome among the Gentiles ; for this is the Fathers compact with the Son , saying , Ask of me , and I will give thee the Heathen . 7. The opposition which the world shal make to the Kingdome of Christ , shall not hinder the enlargement and spreading thereof ; but by the intercession of Jesus Christ , the Heathen shall be his inheritance , and the uttermost parts of the earth his possession ; not his by a short tack , or lease for some few years , but a lasting inheritance , and constant possession . 8. The necessity of prayer is pointed out to all the Lords people by this , that the possession of the purchase which our Lord hath made by his precious blood , is to be drawn forth by a sort of Prayer and Intercession suitable to Christs person ; Ask of me , saith the Father , and I will give thee the Heathen , &c. 9. Thou shalt breake them with a rod of Iron , thou shalt dash them in pieces like a Potters Vessel . A third Article of the covenant of Redemption , is , a promise made to Christ , of ful victory over all his , and his Churches enemies , ver . 9. Wherein observe , 1. That Christ shall not want enemies , who wil not only for their own parts , refuse salvation offered by him , and subjection to be given to him ; but also will oppose him , and make head against him , til he destroy them ; for these Kings and Rulers spoken of ver . 2 , 3 , wil not cease , till he break them , and dash them in pic●es ; and these are here understo●● , as repeated from ver . 1 , 2 , 3. 2. Though Christs Church be weak and unable to help it selfe against persecution , yet Christ wil owne the quarrel , and fight against all the enemies thereof himselfe , whereunto he is sufficiently furnished , for he shall break them in pieces with an Iron rod. 3. Though the enemies be numerous and strong , being compared with the godly , whom they do persecute , yet compared with Christ , or looked upon by him , they are but weake , brittle , and naughty things . Thou shalt dash them in pieces as a potters vessel . Ver. 10. Be wise now therefore , O yee Kings : be instructed , ye Iudges of the earth . 11. Serve the Lord with fear , and rejoyce with trembling . 12 Kisse the Son lest he be angry , and yee perish from the way , when his wrath is kindled but a little : blessed are all they that put their trust in him . This is the later part of the Psalme , wherein the uses of the former Doctrine are set down . Whence learn , 1. The more clear advertisement is given concerning the sinne and danger of opposing of Christs Kingdome , cause , work or people ; the more wary should all men be , and namely Potentates , as they love their places or soules , to eschue this evil ; for hee hath said , Be wise now therefore , O yee Kings and Iudges of the Earth . 2. Though it may seem wisdome to make and execute lawes in prejudice of Christ , and his cause , rather then vent their malice without a pretence ; yet it is more wisdome to cease from opposition , and take lawes from Christ ; for so the Lord doth reckon , saying , Be wise now therefore , and instructed . 3. If any be guilty of this sinne , and not as yet smitten for it , the goodnesse of God offereth to him mercy in time , and steppeth in timously to take off the snares of flatterers , who use to harden men , and especially great men , in this sinne : Be wise now , saith the Lord , O yee Kings . 4. It is no disparagement to the greatest Monarchs ( but a mean for them to eschue the wrath of God ) to be subject to Christ Jesus , to stand in awe of him , to submit themselves to him , and promove his service to their power ; for the command to all , and to them in special , is , Serve the Lord in fear . 5. As there is matter of fear to Christs Subjects , lest they provoke him ; for there is matter of rejoycing for them to be under his Government , and these two affections may wel consist in his service : Rejoyce in trembling : yea there is no right rejoycing in any thing without-some mixture of fear to offend him . 6. Because Christ Jesus the Son of God , is a lovely King , bringing Righte●eousnesse and Eternal life to all his true subjects , hee should be submitted unto , and imbraced ( when he offereth grace ) very heartily : To this end , Kisse the Son , or do him homage , is added ; for to kisse is a signe of religious adoration , Hos. 13.2 . and a signe of homage and hearty subjection , 1 Sam. 10.1 . 7. Where grace offered by Christ Jesus is refused , the refusing of mercy shall procure more anger then all former sins ; kisse the Son lest he be angry . 8. When Christ taketh a refusal of a man , to whom grace is offered , wrathwil follow , to the cutting off of the refuser from all means of happinesse , both temporal , which hee hunteth after ; and eternal , which is offered in Christ unto him , and to the bringing upon him u●ter perdition ; for it is said , Kisse the Son lest he be angry , and yee perish from the way of all possible salvation . 9. Unspeakable must the wrath of God ●e , when it is kindled fully , since perdition may come upon the kindling of it but a little . 10. Remission of sin , delivery from Wrath , communion with God , and life everlasting , are the fruits of imbracing of Christ , of closing in Covenant with Christ , and resting on Christ ; For , blessed are all they that put their trust in him . PSALM III. A Psalm of David when he fled from Absolom his son . This Psalm holdeth forth a notable proof & benefit of faith in Davids experience ; who when his own son Absolom rebelled against him , and forced him to flee for fear of his life , did first lay before the Lord his pitiful condition , ver . 1 , 2. Secondly , He setled his faith on God , prayed , and obtained a comfortable answer , was quiet and refreshed in soul and body , and made confident against all fears possible , ver . 3 , 4 , 5 , 6. Thirdly , He continueth in prayer , confirming his faith from former experience , ver . 7. And lastly , he giveth forth the use of his experience to the Churches edification in a general doctrin . ver . 8 FRom the Inscription , learn , 1. How great calamity may befal the best of Gods children , and that from those persons , from whom they could least expect to be troubled : for David was deserted of his own subjects , and chased from his Palace and royal State by his owne son Absolom . 2. Although the Lord do not follow the sins of his children with vindictive justice , yet by the sharp rods of fatherly correction ▪ hee can make his own children , and all the beholders of their scandalous sins , see how bitter a thing it is to provoke him to wrath , as once David did . 3. Even when sin hath drawn on judgement , God must be dealt with for relief , no lesse then if it had been sent for trial onely ; as David doth in the case of the correcting and purging of the pollution of his family , by the insurrection of his Son against him . Ver. 1. LOrd , how are they increased that trouble me ? many are they that rise up against me . 2. Many there be which say of my my soul ▪ There is no help for him in God. FRom his laying before God his pitiful condition : Learn 1. The man who believeth in God , hath an advantage above whatsoever any ungodly man can have in the time of trouble : he hath the Lord to go unto for comfort and relief , of whose kindnesse he may make use , as David did here , laying out his trouble before him , and saying , Lord , how are they increased that trouble me ? &c. 2. The world counteth a mans case desperate , when they see no worldly helpe for him . Many say , there is no help for him in God. 3. Mercilesse beholders of the corrections of Gods children for their sinnes , think and say also oft times , that God is following them with vindictive justice , and is destroying them both in regard of their soules and bodies , &c. without mind of mercy to them . Many say of my soul , there is no help for him in God. 4. Tentation to despair of relief , doth accompany unexpected and sad troubles ; and this is more grievous then the trouble it self : Therefore David presenteth this tentation before God in the last roome , as the heaviest part of his exercise , with a note of uplifting the mind and voice . Selah . Ver. 3. But thou O Lord , art a shield for me , my glory , and the lifter up of mine head . In the second place he sheweth how hee made use of faith in prayer ; and what fruit he received thereby : Whence learne , 1. The nature of true faith is to draw the more neare to God , the more it be driven from him , Many say , no helpe in God ; but thou art my shield . 2. God is a counter-comfort in all calamity , our shield in danger , our glory in shame , the lifter up of our head in dejection . 3. As there is reliefe in God out of all evil , so faith seeth in God sufficient helpe from all evil , and in special that the sword of the enemie cannot bee so neare , but he can interpose himselfe , as a sheild to ward off the blow : But thou O Lord , art a shield round about me , &c. yea , faith seeth in God matter of rejoycing and gloriation in the middest of all the shame and disgrace which men can cast upon the believer , and can make a man say to God , Thou art my glory . In a word , faith seeth goodnesse and power in God to raise the believer out of the lowest condition wherein he can be : Thou art the lifter up of my head . Ver. 4. I ▪ cryed unto the Lord with my voice , and he heard me out of his holy hill . Selah . 5. I laid me down and slept ; I awaked , for the Lord sustained me . 6. I will not be afraid of ten thousands of people that have set themselves against me round about . From the exercise of faith , and the fruits of it in these three verses : Learn , 1. The conscience of seeking God by prayer is an ease to a man , not only for the time present , while he is in prayer pouring out his heart ; but refreshful also , when 't is looked back upon : therefore by way of gratulation saith David here , I cryed to the Lord. 2. Faith in a strait stirreth up affection and earnestnesse in prayer , and maketh the whole man to be taken up about it : I cryed to the Lord with my voice , saith hee . 3. The prayer of faith shal not want an answer , and the returne thereof is worthy to be attended and marked , when it is obtained ; I cryed , and be heard mee . 4. The prayer of faith trusteth God in Christ , as the propitiatory and mercy seat , and seeketh audience and answer only for Christs cause , whose sacrifice , and mediation , and benefits were shadowed forth in the Tabernacle : And the ●eliev●r , as he should take heed that his prayer go up to God through Christ , so should he observe how it is answered and returned also through Christ , represented ▪ by the Ark in the Tabernacle , pitched on the holy hill of Sion : He heard me also out of his holy Hill. 5. In the greatest extremity of danger , a believer may have his mind quieted , and his body refreshed also , after that in faith he hath had his recourse to God , and hath casten his care upon him : I laid me downe and slept , I awaked . 6. The quietnesse and setlednesse of a mans heart by faith in God , is another sort of work then the natural resolution of manly courage ; for it is the gracious operation of Gods spirit upholding a man above nature , and therefore God ought to have all the glory of it : The Lord sustained me . 7. When the Lord will answer the believer to his comfort , he can not only satisfie him in the particular which he prayeth for , but also furnish him with confidence against whatsoever evil can be apprehended by him for time to come : I will not be afraid of Millions of people , that have set themselves against mee round about . 8. When faith finds it self welcome to God , 't is able to give a defiance to all adversaries ; more or fewer , weaker or stronger enemies , all are alike despised : I wil not be afraid of thousands of people . Ver. 7. Arise , O Lord , save me , O my God , for thou hast smitten all mine enemies upon the cheeke bone : thou hast broken the teeth of the ungodly . In the third place he continueth to pray against the evil , which might thereafter follow : Whence Learn , 1. Faith in God is not a bragger , nor confident in the mans owne strength , or imagination ; but humbly dependeth on God , and continueth in prayer , so long as the danger remaineth ; as David doth here , after delivery received . 2. The covenant of grace , wherein the believer is entered with God , furnisheth him with confident prayer , and hope of salvation : Save me , O my God. 3. When faith is fixed upon God covenanted , then by-gone experiences do come up as pinnings in the bigging of a wall , to bolster it up , and confirme ●t ; For thou hast smitten all my enemies upon the cheeke-bone , thou hast broken the teeth of the ungodly . 4. God smites the pride of persecuters with a shameful stroke , and their beastly cruelty , with breaking their power ; Thou hast smitten mine enemies on the cheek-bone , thou hast broken the teeth of the ungodly . Vers. 8. Salvation belongeth unto the Lord : thy blessing is upon thy people . Selah . From the last part of the Psalme , wherein he giveth forth from his own experience a general Doctrine , for the comfort of all the Lords people , Learn 1. The use of the experience of the Godly , should be the confirmation of the faith of all others , as well as of their owne : as here is seen . 2. The fruit of the Lords putting his owne in straits , is to make them and all men see , that he hath waies of deliverance , more then they know of ▪ and that hee will save his owne , when men do count their case desperate : For , Salvation belongeth to the Lord. 3. Whatsoever mixture his people doe find of crosses and comforts , or vicissitude of danger and delivery , adversity or prosperity , still the course of blessing of them standeth , which now and then they are forced to acknowledge to the Lord : Thy blessing is upon thy people . PSAL. IV. To the chief Musician on Neginoth . A Psalm of David . Another experience of David , as an example of a Christian sufferer , unjustly perse●●ted and scorned for his piety by his profane enemies , such as Saul , and his Courtiers were : wherein first he setteth down his prayer , ver . 1. Then being comforted in God , he insulteth over his enemies , and glorieth in Gods favour , ver . 2 , 3. Thirdly he exhorteth his enemies to repentance , and faith in God , ver . 4 , 5. Fourthly , He preferreth the blessedness of his estate above whatsoever the worldly man can enjoy , ver . 6 , 7 , 8. FRom the Inscription of this Psalme , which is the first wherin mention is made of the chief Musicians , or musical instruments : Learn 1. The praise of God , and the joy of his Spirit , allowed on his people , do surpasse all expression which the voice of words can make ; for this was signified by the pluralitie , and diversity of musicall instruments , ( some of them sounding by being beaten , some of them by being blown , ) superadded to the voice of singing in the praedagogie of Moses . 2. Albeit the ceremonial , figurative , and religious use of musical instruments be gone , with the rest of the Leviticall shadowes , ( the natural use of them still remaining : ) yet the vocal singing of Psalmes in the Church is not taken away , as the practice and doctrine of Christ and his Apostles makes evident ; and so the voice of a Musician in the publick worship still is useful . 3. The Psalmes are to be made use of with discretion , as the matter of the Psalme , and edification of the worshippers doth require . And in the publick , it is the called Minister of the Congregation his place , to order this part of the worship with the rest ; for this the direction of the Psalms , To the chief Musician , giveth ground . Ver. 1. HEar me when I call , O God of my righteousnesse : thou hast enlarged me when I was in distresse , have mercy upon me , and hear my prayer . FRom his prayer , Learn , 1. Though there be many and divers troubles of the godly , yet there is but one God to give comfort and relief , and one way to draw it from God ; to wit , by prayer in faith , Heare me when I call . 2. Albeit the conscience of much sinne be opposed to the prayer of the believer , yet the everlasting righteousnesse of faith , ( whereof the Lord is God , Author , and maintainer for ever ) doth open the way to the suppliant , specially when he cometh to God in a righteous cause , Hear me , O God of my righteousnesse . 3. Acknowledgment of by-past mercies in former experience is a good preparation for a new mercy , and a mean to strengthen our faith to receive it , Thou hast enlarged me when I was in distresse , have mercy upon me , and hear my prayer . 4. Faith is a good Oratour , and a noble Disputer in a strait ; it can reason from Gods readinesse to hear , Heare mee when I call O God. And from the everlasting righteousnesse given to the man , in the justification of his person , O God of my righteousnesse : and from Gods constant justice in defending the righteousnesse of his servants cause , O God of my righteousnesse : and from both present distresses , and those that are by-past , wherein hee hath been : and from by-gone mercies received , Thou hast enlarged me when I was in distresse : and from Gods grace , which is able to answer all objections from the mans unworthinesse , or ill-deserving : Have mercy upon me , and hear my prayer . Ver. 2. O ye sons of men , how long wil ye turne my golry into shame ? how long wil ye love vanity and seek after leasing . Selah . 3. But know that the Lord hath set apart him that is godly for himselfe : the Lord will hear when I call unto him . In the next place , after comfort received , hee triumpheth in Gods good will over all his enemies . Whence learn , 1. Though a godly man , when he is both persecuted for righteousnesse , and mocked for his piety , may hang his head in his trouble for a little , til he goes to God with his complaint ; yet after that he is comforted , hee wil be able to speake a word to his mockers , and holily to insult over them , time about ; as after prayer , David here turneth him to speake to the sons of men . 2. Mockers of piety , when pious men are under affliction , doe bewray themselves to be stil in the state of nature , and destitute for the present of the Spirit of regeneration : For David calleth them , in relation to their sinful condition , O yee sons of men . 3. Though faith in God , and calling on him in trouble , and innocency of life under persecution , be the highest commendation , and glory of a man ; yet the wicked , ( though oft convinced of Gods goodnesse to such persons ) do not stand to reproach piety , as a matter of scorn , so oft as God doth suffer the godly to fall in calamity . How long will ye turn my glory into shame ? 4. Meer natural men cannot be made wise , neither by the word of God , nor by experience in their own , and others persons , to consider that things of this earth , as temporarie riches , honour , and pleasure , are nothing but vanity , and deceiving lies , which promise something , and pay nothing but vexation of spirit , because of guiltinesse and misery following upon the abuse of them . How long will ye love vanity , and seek after leasing ? 5. The most satisfactory revenge , which the godly can desire of their persecuters and mockers , is , to have them turn converts , to have them recalled from the vanity of their way , and brought to a right understanding of what concerneth their salvation , whereunto the godly are ready to offer themselves admonishers of them , and instructers , as here the Prophet doth , O ye Sons of men , how long ? &c. But know , &c. 6. The cause of the worlds despising of piety in the persons of Gods afflicted children , is the grosse ignorance of the precious privil●ges of the Lords sincere servants : the world cannot think that the godly in the midst of their calamities are Gods peculiar jewels , chosen and called out of the world , for honouring of God ; admitted to fellowship with God in this life , and appointed to dwell with him for ever . Therefore , know , saith David , as speaking to ignorants , That God hath set apart for himself , him that is godly . 7. This is one of the priviledges of the godly , that how oft soever they are put to their prayers , by ●ouble or tentation , so oft they get audience , upholding , comfort , and delivery ; as their crosses doe abound , so doe their consolations ; as the Prophet testifieth , saying , The Lord will hear me when I call upon him . 8. The experience of one of the Saints concerning the verity of Gods promises , of the certainty of the written priviledges of the Lords people , is a sufficient proof of the right which all his children have unto , and ground of hope for their partaking in the same mercies in their need ; therefore David , to prove his generall doctrine ▪ set down in the first part of the verse , he saith , The Lord will heare me when I call unto him . Ver. 4. Stand in awe and sin not , commune with our own heart upon your bed , and be stil. Selah . 5. Offer the sacrifices of righteousnesse , and put your trust in the Lord. In the third place , he exhorteth his enemies to repentance and faith God ; wherein as he laid downe the course which they should keepe , to wit , to have their judgment wel informed in the principles of Religion , in the former verse ; so here in this verse he will have their heart and affections reformed : and in the following verse hee wil have their actions also reformed in relation to the duties of the first and second Teble , and their actions to flow from their faith in God. Whence learn , 1. Repentance is not real and sound , til the heart bee affected with the sense of sinne by-past , and fear of sinning hereafter , and bee brought in subjection under the dreadful Majestie of God : therefore after instruction , ver . 2 , 3. Hee saith here , Stand in awe and sinne not . 2. The meane prescribed of God for to make the heart sensible of its condition , is the serious and daily examination of the conscience , posing it to answer all interrogatories concerning the mans conformitie to Gods law , and that in secret , in the night , without distraction : for a man had neede to have his wits about him , when hee goeth to examine a deceitful thiefe : to this purpose saith hee , Commune with your hearts on your beds . 3. The fruit of daily , serious examination of the conscience , concerning sinne committed , is , to make a man humble , quiet , and submissive to the Lord : this he insinuateth in foretelling them that thus they shall be still , or silent , not opening the mouth to excuse their sinnes , or to mock the godly . As for reformation of their lives in relation to the law of God , ver . 5. He teacheth , 1. That the formal discharge of the external ceremonies of Religion will not prove a man to be a true convert , or a sincere penitent ; but the true sacrifice of Christs obedience unto the death , signified by the external sacrifices , must bee looked unto ; and the sacrifice of thanksgiving and wel doing , and the dedication of the whole man to the service of God , must testifie the truth of repentance . Therefore in opposition to the external ceremonial sacrifice , hee commandeth to offer the sacrifices of righteousnesse . 2. When a penitent hath for evidencing the sinceritie of his turning to God , brought forth fruit suitable to repentance , hee must not lay weight upon his works , but lay all his confidence upon Gods free grace , who justifieth the true convert by faith only : Therefore , after commanding them to offer the scrifices of righteousnesse , he directeth them , saying , Put your trust in the Lord. Ver. 6. There be many that say , Who will shew us any good ? Lord , lift thou up the light of thy countenance upon us . 7. Thou hast put gladness in my heart , more then in the time that their corne and their wine increased . 8. I will both lay me down in peace , and sleep : for thou , Lord , only makest me dwell in safety . In the last place he commendeth his own blessed estate , and to enforce the former ehxortation , he compareth the happiness which the worldling doth seeke after , with the spirituall joy which is granted to the godly , and prefereth the last far before the other . Hence learn. 1. The blind worldlings , ignorant of what is truly good , are taken with insatiable wishing , and seeking for some earthly thing , whereby they conceive they may be happy . Of those speaketh he , saying , There be many that say , Who will shew us any good 2. The truely godly joyne one with another , in seeking ? their felicity in Gods favour , and in the sense of his reconciliation , and not in seeking the worldly mans choice : for in the opposition to the worldlings wishes , David with the rest of the godly , faith , Lord , lift thou up the light of thy countenance upon us . 3. The comfort of Gods Spirit , and sense of a mans reconciliation with God in Christ , is greater then any worldly joy can be , and is able to supply the want of riches , honors , and pleasures worldly , and to season , yea and swallow up the sense of poverty , disgrace , and whatsoever other evill . This David testifieth by his own experience , saying , Thou hast put gladness in my heart , more then in the time that their corn and wine increased . 4. Faith in God , as it bringeth joy , so also peace unspeakable , and passing understanding , in the midst of trouble : This Davids experience teacheth also , I will both lay me down in peace and sleep , notwithstanding of all the oppositions the sons of men made unto him . 5. Whether God do give means of safety , or none at all which can be seen , preservation and safetie is his gift , and the making a man observe the benefit of preservation is another gift also : wherefore , David giveth the glory of both unto God , Thou only makest mee dwell in safety . PSAL. V. To the chief Musician upon Nehiloth . A Psalm of David . David as a type of Christ , and one of the number of his afflicted followers , set forth in his affliction , as an example of exercise to others in after ages , doth pray for himselfe , and against his Enemies , using sundry arguments to strengthen himself in his hope to be heard : First , from the grace of God bestowed on himselfe to use the means , ver . 1.2 , 3. Secondly , From the justice of God against his wicked enemies , ver . 4 , 5 , 6. Thirdly , From his own stedfast purpose and desire to continue in Gods service , and to walk so uprightly , as the enemie shall not have advantage of him by his miscarriage , ver . 7 ▪ 8. Fourthly , From the ripenesse of sin in his adversaries , which did prepare them for sudden destruction , ver . 9 , 10. Fifthly , From the certain hope of joy , and defence , and spirituall Blessing to be bestowed on himself and all believers , out of the free love and favour of God toward them , ver . 11 , 12. Ver. 1. GIve eare to my words , O Lord , consider my meditation . 2. Hearken unto the voice of my cry , my King and my God : for unto thee will I pray . 3 ▪ My voice shalt thou hear in the morning , O Lord , in the morning will I direct my prayer unto thee , and wil look up . In his strengthening of his hope to be heard , from the grace of God bestowed on him , to use the means for obtaining a good answer , Learn , 1. When the Lord giveth us a mouth to speak to him , there is ground of hope hee will grant an eare to us ; for so reasoneth David , Give ear to my words , O Lord. 2. In time of trouble , the heart hath more to say to God , then words can utter ; and what a man cannot expresse , the Lord wil take knowledge of it , no lesse then of his words ; This the prophet hopeth for , saying , Consider my meditation . 3. When extremity of danger forceth a way to the Lord , the believers necessity hath a voice , lowder then his expressed words , and whereunto the Lord will give eare ; hearken to the voice of my cry . 4. It is a point of spirituall wisedome for the helpe of our faith , to take hold of those relations we have to God , whereby we may expect what we pray for , as David doth here , when we would have protection and delivery , saying ; My King , & my God. 5. Faith knoweth no other to pray unto for helpe , save God alone , nor any other way to be helped , save by perseverance in prayer ; For unto thee will I pray , saith he . 6. Resolved Importunity in prayer must bee joyned with taking hold of the first and fittest opportunity offered for prayer : My voice shalt thou hear in the morning , O Lord , saith hee . 7. Calling on God in trouble , with dependance on him , doth give hope of audience , and deliverie by him , by way of a convincing Syllogisme , whereof the promise of deliverie made to such as call on the name of the Lord in the day of trouble , is the first proposition ; the conscience of resolved calling on him maketh the assumption or second proposition ; and faith concludeth the expection of deliverance ; for the prophets reasoning is this in effect , whosoever they be , that pray to the Lord in their trouble , thou wilt hear them : But I doe pray to thee , and do resolve to continue praying : Therefore thou O Lord wilt hear me . V. 4. For thou art not a God that hast pleasure in wickednesse : neither shall evil dwel with thee . 5. The foolish shall not stand in thy sight : thou hatest all workers of iniquity . 6. Thou shalt destroy them that speak leasing : the Lord will abhorre the bloody and deceitful man. In the second place , he reasoneth from the justice of God against his enemies : Whence learn , 1. The worst qualities in the adversaries of the Godly , doth furnish good matter of Faith and Hope to the beleever to be rid of them : for this use doth David make of the wickednesse of his enemies in these three verses . 2. Such as take pleasure in sin , God cannot take pleasure in them : Thou art not a God , saith he , that hast pleasure in wickednesse : And such as wil not part with sin , God shal separate them from his companie ; for it is said , Neither shall evil dwell with thee . 3. Let wicked men seem never so wise Polititians among men , yet shal they be found mad fools before God , selling heaven for trifles of the earth , holding war with the Almighty , and running upon their own destruction in their self-pleasing dreams , to the losse of their life and state , temporal and eternal . For the foolish ( saith he ) shall not stand in thy sight . 4. Such as make iniquitie their worke , shal have the effects of Gods hatred for their wages : for Thou hatest all the workers of iniquity . 5. The enemies of Gods people , whiles by slanders and lies they murther the innocent , do draw upon themselves swift damnation from God : Thou shalt destroy them that speak leasing , saith he . 6. Falshood and crueltie which are the characters of the foes of the godly , are abomination to the Lord , which he cannot endure : Thou wilt abhor the bloudie and deceitful man. Vers. 7. But as for me , I will come into thy house , in the multitude of thy mercies : and in thy feare will I worship toward thy holy Temple . 8. Lead me , O Lord , in thy righteousnes , because of mine enemeis , make thy way straight before my face . In the third place , he resolveth that what ever the enemy shal do , he will walk as God hath commanded him : with resolution to serve God in sincerity , as also a profession of hope to enjoy the society of his Saints in Gods publicst● Worship : and to this end he prayeth he may be kept straight in his walking , that the enemy might have nothing wherewith to reproach him . Hence Learn , 1. Though the Godly want not the conscience of their own sins , when they speak of the sins of their enemies , yet there is a difference between them and the wicked , in respect the Godly are humbled in the sense of their sins , are brought to the acknowledgment of their need of mercy , and do 〈◊〉 to God for having mercy , and to the multitudes of mercies , as they see the multitude of their sins : and therefore saith hee of himself , in opposition to the wicked , But as for me , I wil come into thy house , in the multude of thy mercies . 2. The faith which the godly have in the mercies of God , doth encourage them to follow the service of God ; and in some cases doth give them hope to be loosed from the restraints which doe hinder them from enjoying the publick Ordinances : I will come into thy house , in the multitude of thy mercies . 3. The right temper of the heart of a true Worshipper , is feare before God : In thy feare will I worship . 4. Under the sense of sinfulnesse and unworthinesse , faith must be supported by looking toward Jesus Christ , prefigured by the Tabernacle and Temple ▪ In thy feare , saith hee , I wil worship toward thy holy Temple . 5. When the Godly are under trouble from their enemies , and under tryal by other sorts of exercise , they are no lesse feared for their miscarriage and offending the Lord , then they are feared for what their enemies can doe against them ; Therefore , Lead mee O Lord , in thy righteousnesse , saith hee . 6. So much the more as the godly are sensible of their own blindnesse , and weakenesse , and readinesse to go out of the right way ; so much the more doe they call for , and depend upon Gods directing of them . Lead me , saith hee ; As one that seeth not , or as one who is not able to hold a right course , without a guide . 7. If the godly man take a sinful course , to be relieved from his trouble , the enemie is hardned in his wicked course , by this means to blaspheme the profession of Piety , as meere hypocrisie , and so God is provoked to let the enemie prevaile , because the miscarriage of the godly hath made way to him ; for avoiding of which inconvenience , he prayeth : Lead mee , in thy righteousness because of my enemies . 8. The deceitfulnesse of sin , the ignorance of what is expedient and lawful in a particular case , the mist of private affections , and the example of ill counsel of the World , are ready to make a man mistake the right way , except the Lord make clear what is his duty : Therefore saith he , Make thy way straight before my face . Ver. 9. For there is no faithfulnesse in their mouth , their inward part is very wickedness : their throat is an open sepulchre , they flatter with their tongue . 10. Destroy thou them , O God , let them fal by their own counsels : cast them out in the multitude of their transgressions , for they have rebelled against thee . In the fourth place he strengtheneth his hope to be helped , because his enemies sins were ripe for judgment . Whence learn , 1. Among other motives to make the godly take heede of their carriage in time of trial , this is one , they have to doe with a false world , and hollow hearted men , who will make false pretences of what is not their intentions , and will make promise of what they mind not to performe , and wil give none but rotten and poisonable advice , fairded with false flattery , and all to deceive the godly , and draw them in a snare . This is it , he saith , For there is no faithfulnesse in their mouth , their inward part is very wickednesse , their throat is an open sepulchre , they flatter with their tongue : and this is the nature of all carnal men , when it cometh to the point of defending Gods cause in time of trial . 2. Though this prayer bee not to be drawne in imitation against particular persons , by us who have not so infallible revelation of mens state before God , yet is it a prophesie against all the irreconcilable enemies of God , and of his people , against whom the Spirit of God maketh imprecation here , saying , Destroy thou them O God. 3. There is no need of any other means to destroy the Lords enemies , then their own devices : The very course they take to establish themselves , will serve for their owne ruine . Let them fal , saith he , by their own counsel . 4. The certain cause of the ruine of the persecuters of Gods people , is the ripenesse and ful measure of their sinnes . Cast them out ( saith he ) in the multitude of their transgressions . 5. The opppsing of truth , and of the Ordinances of God , in the person of his servants who stand for the same , is not simply the opposing of mortal men , but the opposing of God , whose quarrel it is ; Therefore , saith hee , They have rebelled against thee . Ver. 11. But let all those that put their trust in thee rejoyce : let them ever shout for joy , because thou defendest them : let them also that love thy Name , be joyful in thee . 12. For thou LORD , wilt blesse the righteous , with favor wilt thou compasse him , as with a shield . In the last place , he maketh prayer for all the godly , mi●itant in this warfare with himselfe , that they may share together in the Lords favour . Hence learne , 1. Persecution for righteousnesse is a cause common to all believers , wherein they should all joyn , and pray one of them for another , and seeke for a joyful out-gate each to other in their owne time . for this cause , after prayer against enemies , he saith , But let all that trust in thee rejoyce . 2. The manifested care of God for his people , in protecting and delivering them from their enemies , is matter of exceeding joy to his people , because hee is glorified herein , and his Church is preserved : Let them ever shout f●r joy , because thou defendest them . 3. Such believers as have gotten grace to love Gods name , ( albeit it be not yet given unto them to suffer for his Name ) are allowed to share in the joy of victorious sufferers . Let them also that love thy Name , saith he , be joyfull in thee . 4. The person who is justified by faith , and studieth unto holinesse , is an heir of Gods blessing , whether he be lesse or more taken notice of by the world , whether entred in the conflict with persecuters or nor : For thou , O Lord , wilt blesse the righteous . 5. The favour and good wi● of God toward his own , is a strong and glorious defence to them ; it is a crowning shield , a shield compassing a man round about like a glorious Diadem , a shield very handsome and strong , which the believer ought to gripe wel , and hold fas● and manage warily , and oppose it to every assault of the adversary : a crowning shield , which cirkleth the man round about , and keepeth off the dint of the adversaries weapon , even when the pursued believer is not aware : With favour wilt thou compass hi● as with a shield . PSALM VI. To the chief Musician on Neginoth upon Sheminith , A Psalm of David . Another experience of David , useful to be known by all the children of God , who are subject to the like exercise ; wherein David being under the sense of the Lords heavie hand , upon his body and spirit , prayeth for the removal of felt wrath , ver . 1 , 2 , 3 Next prayeth for the renewed feeling and experience of Gods mercy towards him , laying forth his lamentable condition before the pitiful eye of God , ver . 4 , 5 , 6 , 7. After which , being heard and comforted , in the third place , he defieth , and triumpheth over all his enemies , ver . 8 ▪ 9. Ver. 1. O Lord , rebuke me not in thine anger , neither chasten mee in thy hot displeasure . 2. Have mercy upon mee , O Lord , for I am weak , O Lord heal me , for my bones are vexed . 3. My soul is also sore vexed : but thou ▪ O Lord , how long ? From his prayer for removal of wrath , Learne , 1. It is possible , that a true believer , who hath been oft times refreshed with the sense of Gods favour , may by some sad exercise have his conscience so wakened in the sense of sinne , as hee can feele nothing but wrath , and fear of cutting off ; as this experience of David maketh manifest . 2. There is no relief in such case , save to set faith on work , whatsoever bee felt or feared , and to seek mitigation and deliverance of God , as the Prophet doth here . 3. Even the fatherly wrath of God , and far more the apprehension of hot displeasure of an angry Judge , is unsupportable to a soule that knoweth God , and hath ever tasted of his favour before : Rebuke me not in thy wrath , saith he . 4. There is as much ground of faith holden forth in the Lords Name Iehovah , ( importing his unchangeable being , and his constancy in his promises ) as to ground a prayer upon it , for obtaining the change of a mans case to the better , in the hardest condition imaginable ; O Lord , or O Iehovah , ( saith hee ) Rebuke me not in thy wrath ▪ 5. Though sense feel wrath , and see nothing but hot displeasure , yet faith can pierce through cl●uds , and bespeake mercy : Have mercy on me , O Lord , saith David , in the midst of this sad condition . 6. Though sinne doth provoke anger , yet the misery and inability to subsist , presented unto God , is the object of mercy , and a motive to faith to expect compassion : Have mercy on me , saith he , for I am weak . 7. When sinne hath drawne on sicknesse , or any other danger , let pardon of sin be first sought , and after that , the removing of the stroke ; for first , hee saith , have mercy on mee , and then , heale mee . 8. The Lord can make the strongest and most insensible part of a mans body , sensible of his wrath , when he pleaseth to touch him ; for here Davids bones are vexed . 9. Anguish of Spirit and torment of conscience , is heavier then any torture of body , as , my soul is also vexed , doth import . 10. The Lords apprehended absence in t●ouble , and delaying to answer the supplicant , putteth a load above a burthen , and surpasseth all expression of words ; for here his speech is cutted , But thou O Lord , how long ? Ver. 4. Returne , O Lord , deliver my soule : O save me for thy mercies sake . 5. For in death there is no remembrance of thee , in the grave who shal give thee thanks ? 6. I am weary with my groaning , all the night make I my bed to swimme , I water my couch with my tears . 7. Mine eye is consumed because of grief ; it waxeth old , because of all mine enemies . In the next place he prayeth for a renewed sensible experience of Gods mercy to him , because of his pitifull condition . Wherein learn , 1. A renewed blenk of the Lords countenance wil satisfie a soule in greatest distresse : Therefore David craveth this for a remedie of all his sorrow , Returne , O Lord. 2. If desertion continue , feare of perishing utterly doth present it selfe ; as this prayer insinuateth , O Lord , deliver my soul. 3. The only time to spread the praise of God , by making mention of him before them that know him not , is the time of this life : For in death there is no remembrance of thee . 4. The Christians love of life , should proceed from the love of honouring of God in this life , ( where it may inlarge Gods glory , before them who may be profited by preaching of his praise ) and should be preferred to our own contentment for a time in heaven , so long as God pleaseth to take service of us here . For this is the force of the Prophets reasoning , In the grave who shal give thee thanks ? Our place waiteth for us , and no man can take it over our head , while wee on earth are induring toyling and trouble , to bring more to heaven with us . 5. A true desire and purpose to glorifie God in this life , to the edifying of others , may give hope of some prolonging of life , and assurance of not perishing for ever : for Davids hope to be heard doth run here upon this ground . 7. The most lasting , pressing , and piercing sorrow that ever soul felt , is from the sense of sinne , and of Gods displeasure for it , as the Prophets expression here doth give evidence . 8. The exercise of the godly under the sense of Gods displeasure , may be very heavy , and of long continuance ; The prophet is weary with his groaning , & his eyes consumed with grief . 9. No delay of comfort , no sense of sinne , no fear of Gods utter displeasure can be a reason to the believer to cease from prayer , and dealing with God for grace ; for the Prophet is weary , but giveth not over ; only his condition is the matter of fresh mourning to him night and day , and powring out of tears in the Lords bosome : All the night maketh hee his bed to swim , and watereth his couch with his tears . 10. The insulting of enemies over the godly when the Lords hand is heavy upon them , because it reflecteth upon Religion and upon Gods glory , is a main ingredient in the sorrow of the godly : Davids eye had waxen old and dim with griefe , because of all his enemies . V. 8. Depart from mee all yee workers of iniquity : for the Lord hath heard the voice of my weeping . 9. The Lord hath heard my supplication , the Lord wil receive my prayer . 10. Let all mine enemies be ashamed and sore vexed : let them return and be ashamed suddenly . In the third place David defyeth all his enemies , being comforted by the light of Gods countenance , and lifted up in his spirit . Whence Learne , 1. The Lord can shortly change the chear of an humble supplicant , and raise a soule trembling for feare of wrath , to a triumphing over all sort of adversaries , and over all tentations to sinne arising from them , for the return of the Prophets prayer maketh him say , now , Depart from me all ye workers of iniquity . 2. The Sacrifice of a contrite Spirit , offered by a believer , the Lord will no● despise ; For the Lord heard the voice of the Prophets weeping . 3. The hearing of our prayer should be thankfully observed and made use of , for strengthening our faith in prayer afterward : For after the Prophet hath said , [ The Lord hath heard my supplication ; he addeth , The Lord will receive my prayer . 4. The enemies of the godly shal all of them be disappointed of their hopes , and ashamed for their attempts against them , and filled with vexation for their pains ; for this prayer furnished by the Spirit ( vers . 10 ) to one of the godly against his wicked enemies , is a prophecie against all the rest of the enemies of the godly , in all ages . PSAL. VII . Shiggaion of David , which he sang unto the Lord , concerning the words of Cush the Benjamine . The Prophet as a type of Christ mystical , and an example of Christians suffering , being slandered of treason against his Prince , by one of the courtiers , first fleeth to God for delivery , ver . 1 , 2. Secondly , cleareth his innocencie , ver . 3 , 4 , 5. Thirdly , requesteth the Lord to judge between him and his enemies , ver . 6 , 7 , 8 , 9. And fourthly , in prayer is made confident , that the Lord will plead for him against his enemies , ver . 10 , 11 , 12 , 13. and will returne their devised mischief against him , upon their owne head , ver . 14 , 15 , 16. Whereupon in the last place he promiseth praise to God for his righteous judgement , ver· 17. Ver. 1. O Lord , my God , in thee do I put my trust : save me from all them that persecute me , and deliver me : 2. Lest he teare my soul like a Lion , renting it in pieces , while there is none to deliver . AS to the first part , wherein he fleeth to God to bee delivered from the bloody tongues of calumniators ; Learn , 1. It is a part of the exercise of Christs servants , to bee slandered as Traitors to their lawful Magistrates , as David was by Cush , a flattering courtier . 2. God who is able to clear the innocent , and to defend them from malice , is in this case to be run unto , and use is to be made of faith in him , and our Covenant with him , for reliefe from all adversaries , as the Prophet doth here . 3. If God do not interpose himselfe , for defence of his unjustly slandered Servants , there is nothing to be expected from wicked enemies inraged , but mercilesse beastly crueltie , as is showne in Davids experience . Ver. 3. O Lord my God , if I have done this , if there be iniquity in my hands . 4. If I have rewarded evil unto him that was at pe●ce with me , ( yea , I have delivered him that without cause is my enemie . ) 5. Let the enemie persecute my soule , and take it ; yea , let him tread downe my life upon the earth , and lay mine honour in the dust . Selah . In the second place , wherein hee cleareth his own innocency , Learn 1. Though innocency cannot exempt a man from being unjustly slandered , yet it will furnish him with a good conscience , and much boldnesse in the particular , before God ; as here is seene , ver . 3 , 4. 2. The more a man doth render for evil good , the more confidence shall hee have , when hee cometh to God ; for innocencie served David for this good use , That hee had delivered Saul , who without cause was his enemie , vers . 4. 3. He that is conscious of doing , or intending injury to his neighbour , will have his own conscience against him , in the time when hee meeteth with a greater injury done to him , and in that case will be forced to justifie Gods righteousnesse against himselfe , as Davids conditional prayer doth here imoort , ver . 5. V. 6. Arise , O Lord , in thine anger , lift up thy self , because of the r●ge of mine enemies : and awake for me to the judgement that thou hast commanded . 7. So shall the Congregation of the people compasse thee about ; for their sakes , therefore returne thou on high . 8. The Lord shall judge the people : judge me , O Lord , according to my righteousnesse , and according to mine integrity that is in me . 9. Oh let the wickednesse of the wicked come to an end , but establish the just : for the righteous God trieth the hearts and reins . In the third place , hee prayeth that God would judge betweene him and his enemies : Whence learne , 1. Though the Lord for the tryal and exercise of his children , sit still as it were , for a time , when men are about to oppresse them ; yet will hee in due time manifest himself to be no idle spectator of wrong , but a just defender of the oppressed , and avenger of the injurious , He wil arise in anger , and lift up himselfe . 2. When our enemies are desperately malicious , and nothing can mitigate their fury ; let the consideration of Gods justice mitigate our passion : for he wil arise in anger against them . 3. There is no lesse just zeale in God , to defend his owne oppressed people , then there is malice in the wicked , to wrong them : For his rising in anger , is here opposed to the rage of the enemies . 4. Albeit judgment against the oppressour be not at the first executed , yet God in his Word hath given out sentence against them , and in his active providence , hath prepared means and instruments for execution thereof in due time ; When hee shall awake to execute the judgement which hee hath commanded , or given order for . 5. When the Lord ariseth to judge his enemies , then the Lords people will draw warmly unto him , and as it were , compasse him round about . 6. In calling for justice upon the wicked enemies of Gods people , wee should not be led with private passion , or desire of revenge , but with desire of Gods glory , and edification of his people : for their sakes prayeth he , return thou on high , or ascend to thy Tribunal Seat. 7. Principles of Religion , whereof we may have use in our exercises , should be solidly digested , that we may apply them readily to use , as neede requireth , for strengthening of our faith , and prayer to God : for when the Prophet hath setled his faith upon the Doctrine of Gods judging and executing justice in favours of his people , in the general , hee applyeth it to his own particular , saying , judge me O Lord. 8. When a man hath made peace with God about all his sins , upon the termes of grace and mercy , through the Sacrifice of the Mediatour , he may in comparison with his injurious enemies , in a particular cause , appeale to Gods justice to decide the controversie ; as here the Prophet doth , saying , Iudge me according to my righteousnesse , O Lord , and mine integrity that is in me . 9. When a processe hath beene lying long before God , and the controversie between the godly and their persecuters is not yet decided , the godly may put in a bill for passing the decree , and executing of the sentence , as here is done : Oh let the wickednesse of the wicked come to an end , &c. 10. The upright man needs not to fear that his enemies shall obtain a decree in their favours , or suspension , or reduction of the sentence pronounced : For the righteous God tryeth the heart and the reins . Ver. 10. My defence is of God , which saveth the upright in heart . 11. God judgeth the righteous , and God is angry with the wicked every day . 12. If hee turne not , he wil whet his sword ; hee hath bent his bow and made it ready . 13. Hee hath also prepared for him the instruments of death ; he ordaineth his arrows against the persecuters . 14. Behold he travelleth with iniquity , and hath conceived mischiefe , and brought forth falshood . 15. Hee made a pit , and digged it , and is fallen into the ditch which hee made . 16. His mischief shall return upon his owne head , and his violent dealing shal come down upon his owne pate . In the fourth place is the answer of his prayer , viz. assurance given of delivery to him , and of judgment on his 〈◊〉 : Whereupon the supplicant giveth thanks to God. Whence learne , 1. The fruit of faith joyned with a good conscience , is accesse to God in prayer , confidence , peace and tranquillity of mind , mitigation of trouble , protection and deliverance , as the Prophets experience here doth prove . 2. Victory granted unto faith , after wrestling with darkness is satisfactory to the soul of the godly , as if all that 〈…〉 did hope for were perfected ; for he is now clear to 〈◊〉 My defence is of God , &c. 3. Whatsoever we doe think● 〈◊〉 the time of tentation , neither justice against the wicked , 1. mercy toward the godly is idle ; for Gods Word and Worke● do speake mercy to the one , and wrath to the other , ever● day ; all things are working for the ones good , and for the others dammage continually ; For God judgeth the righteous , and is angry with the wicked every day . 4. God delayeth the execution of his judgement on the wicked , to lead them to repentance ; for here God hath whet his sword to strike , if the wicked turn not . 5. If repentance intervene not , the destruction of the wicked is inevitable : If he turn not , the instruments of death are prepared , and the arrowes directed towards the persecuters . 6. It is a matter of no smal pains that the sinner is put unto , to serve the Divel and his owne corrupt affections , hee travelleth as with a child , he digs a pit , one of the hardest pieces of worke to slaves . 7. When once the wicked hath conceived mischiefe , hee cannot rest till hee bring his purpose to action , that his sinful thoughts may be wrought in effect : Hee conceiveth mischief , and travelleth with iniquity . 8. The adversary of Gods people shall have no profit of all his labour , but shall be met with disappointment , Hee bringeth forth falshood , and the evil which is most contrary to his hope and intention shall befall him : Hee is fallen in the ditch which hee made , and his mischief shall returne upon his own head , &c. as a stone throwne up against heaven , returneth upon the head of him who did throw it . Vers. 17. I will praise the Lord according to his righteousnesse : and will sing praise to the Name of the Lord most high . In the last place he promiseth praise , and closeth his son● so . Whence learn , 1. The issue of the hardest exercise of the godly , is comfort to their souls , and praise to God , as here 〈◊〉 see . 2. When faith is sensibly satisfied , and setled in assurance of what was promised , it will be glad and give thanks for what is to come , as if it were in possession alreadie : so speaketh this conclusion , I will praise the Lord , and I will sing praise to the name of the Lord. 3. Let the party opposer of the godly be never so powerful and violent , and his place in the world never so high , faith may set to its seal , that God shal mafest himself a righteous Judge in power and authority above the highest oppressing powers on earth : I will sing praise to the Name of the Lord most high . PSAL. VIII . To the chief Musician upon Gitteth , A Psalm of David . To the end the Prophet may commend the glory of Gods grace toward man , hee first admireth his glory in the works of Creation and Providence , which are able to stop the mouths of all blasphemous Atheists , ver . 1 , 2. In the second place , he admireth the Lords love to man above all other , even the most glorious creatures , ver . 3 , 4. Thirdly , he setteth out this grace of God to man , in the Incarnation , humiliation , and exaltation of Christ for mans cause , and for restoring of redeemed man in Christ , to their right unto , and over the visible creatures . ver . 5 , 6 , 7 , 8. and closeth the Psalme , with the admiration of Gods glory in all the Earth . ver . 9. Ver. 1. O Lord our Lord , how excellent is thy Name in all the earth ! who hast set thy glory above the heavens . 2. Out of the mouth of babes and sucklings hast thou ordained strength , because of thine enemies , that thou mightest stil the enemie and the avenger . From his admiration of Gods glory in the workes of Creation and Providence , learn 1. The godly are not alwaies born downe with trouble ; Sometime they have liberty to goe , and delight themselves in the beholding of Gods glory and goodnesse towards themselves , as the whole Psalme sheweth . 2. The mysterie of the glory of God , in his workes of Creation and Redemption , is such , as none save the eye spiritually illuminate by his spirit , can see it : And he that seeth it , cannot but be ravished therewith , when he doth discerne it ; and none can sufficiently comprehend it , or take it up fully , save God himselfe . Therfore the Prophet directeth his speech full of admiration , wholly to the Lord , throughout all the Psalme . 3. The glory of the Lord is greatly sweetned unto the godly , in the time of their praising of his Majestie , when they consider their own Interest in him , as in their own propriety . Therefore saith he , O Lord our Lord , how excellent is thy name ! 4. No words are sufficient to set out the glory of the Lord , not only as it is in it selfe , but even as it is discovered to a spirituall understanding ; Therefore by way of admiration , must he cry out , How excellent is thy Name ! 5. The heavens and celestial lights shining from above , do speake much of Gods glory ; but in effect his glory is greater then they can hold forth ; for his glory is set above the heavens . 6. Albeit the glory of the Lord doth fill the world , yet hath he enemies of his glory , to wit , profane and godlesse persons , Athiests , Epicures , and persecuters of his people and truth ; For here are enemies spoken of , and avengers , opening blasphemous mouths against him , and his people , as if God , and his people , had injured them . 7. Not only the providence of God in new borne babes , framing them in the belly , providing nourishment unto them when they are borne , and making them to suck the brests ; but also the giving of saving knowledge to some of them , in their tender years , is able to refute all Atheists and profane despisers of the glory of the Lord ; for out of the mouth of babes and sucklings he hath ordained strength , or strong conviction , to still the enemie and the avenger , and put him to silence . Matthew 21.26 . Ver. 3. When I consider the heavens , the worke of thy fingers , the Moon and the Stars which thou hast ordained ; 4. What is man that thou art mindfull of him ? and the son of man that thou visitest him ? From his admiration in Gods respect , and love to man above all other creatures , Learne , 1. The weaknesse and unworthinesse of man , considered both in himselfe , and compared with his glorious creatures made for his use , do commend the bounty of God to man , and make it a matter of great admiration . For when the prophet considereth the glorious heavens &c. he asketh , What is man ? &c. 2. Man of all the creatures is most esteemed and taken care of by God. For hee is mindful of man , and daily visiteth him . Ver. 5. For thou hast made him a little lower then the Angels , and hast crowned him with glory and honour . 8. Thou madest him to have dominion over all the works of thy hand ; Thou hast put all things under his feet . 7. All sheep and oxen , yea , and the beasts of the field . 8. The fowl of the air , and the fish of the sea , and whatsoever passeth thorow the paths of the seas . In the third place , hee looketh on man considered in his Creation before the fall , and as he is in his head Christ ( who is God incarnate , humbled and exalted for mans cause after the fall ) restored to what hee lost by the fall . Whence learne , 1. Looke unto man in his creation , and God hath given him the place , in order of dignity , above all the creatures visible , next unto heavenly Angels : Thou hast made him a little lower then the Angels . 2. Looke unto man after his fall , restored by Christ unto his place , and in this respect hee is established in that dignity to be next unto the glorious Angels : Thou hast made him a little lower then the Angels . 3. Looke unto man in our Head Christ Jesus , God incarnate , and there man is wonderfully exalted in regard that for respect and love to man , the Man Christ being very God , is humbled unto the death of the crosse . And in this sense doth the Apostle , Heb. 2.7 , 9. take this place , Thou madest him a little lower then the Angels , for the suffering of death . 4. Looke unto man in Christ Jesus , after his resurrection , and in his glorification ; God hath crowned him with glory and Majestie . 5. It is no small point of dignifying man , that all believers have by Christ this title of Heirship , with lawful use and possession of the creatures recovered and restored unto him : Thou madest him to have dominion over the works of thine hands . 6. As there is nothing which may doe man good service , which God hath not granted man dominion over in and through Christ , so there is nothing can harm him , but he hath put under Christs feet , and under beleevers feet in and through Christ , to wit , sinne and Satan , and all our enemies , and Death the last enemy ; Hee hath put all things under his feete , as the Apostle gathereth , 1 Cor. 15.26 . 7. Christ shall not lay downe his kingdome which he hath in his Church , and over all her enemies , till hee hath put downe all rule and authority , and power against him and his Church , and have subdued all enemies under himselfe . For hee must reigne till hee hath put all things under his feete , as the Apostle collecteth , 1 Cor. 15.25 . 8. Nothing is excepted or exeemed from being subject to Christ , as man , no not the holy Angels ( who are made ministring Spirits , to serve believers ) but only God , essentially considered , he only is excepted . For he hath put all things under his feet ; but when he saith all things are put under him , it is manifest that he is excepted who did put all things under him , as the Apostle proveth from this place , 1 Cor. 15.27 . Ver. 9 ▪ O Lord our Lord , how excellent is thy Name in all the earth ! Hee closeth the Psalme as he began it with admiration : Whence learne , 1. The praises of our Lord , and the excellency of our covenant right , and Interest in him , are worthy again and again to be considered , and that God should bee proclaimed Lord of us whom hee hath l●fted up to so high a Dominion . Therefore is this verse repeated again . 2. When a man hath begun to declare some reason of his wondering at the glory of God , manifested in the whole world , and specially in his Church , he must give over the ful explication of this glory , and close as he begun , with wondring stil as here the same exclamation of wondring at the excellency of Gods glory concludeth the Psalme , as it did begin it , O Lord our Lord , how excellent is thy Name in all the earth ! PSAL. IX . To the chiefe Musician upon Muth-Labben . A Psalme of David . Here is Davids song of praise to God , first , for his own exeperience of Gods goodnesse towards himselfe , and Gods righteous Judgment against his enemies , ver . 1 , 2 , 3 , 4. Secondly , for the Lords readiness to do the like worke ▪ in favours of all the godly , ver . 5 ▪ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10. Thirdly , hee exhorteth the godly to praise God with him , ver . 11 , 12. Fourthly , he prayeth for his owne deliverie out of his present distress , ver . 13 , 14. Fifthly , he hath assurance of the overthrow of all his enemies , ver . 15 , 16 , 17 , 18. And last of all , for the execution of this overthrow , hee heartily prayeth , ver . 19 , 20. Ver. 1. I Will praise thee , O Lord , with my whole heart , I wil shew forth all thy marvellous works . 2. I wil be glad and rejoyce in thee : I will sing praise to thy name , O thou most high . 3. When mine enemies are turned back , they shall fal and perish at thy presence . 4. For thou hast maintained my right and my cause , thou satest in thy throne judging right . FRom the first part of this song of praise , Learne , 1. The exercise of the Saints in variety of troubles doth occasion the setting forth of the glory of God in all his attributes , as in this Psalme is shewne ▪ 2. When the heart is enlarged with the sense of Gods goodnesse , the work of praising God will ●e more heartily undertaken , and a large heart will make a loosed tongue and an open mouth , to set forth his glory . David will now praise the Lord with his whole heart . 3. One worke of Gods wonderful goodnesse useth to call for another ▪ that they may goe forth together in each others hands to set forth his excellency ; as here David wil shew forth all his wonderfull works . 4. A lover of the glory of God , cannot rest til he communicate with others what he knoweth of the Lords wonders : he wil shew forth ( for others upstirring ) all the Lords marvellous works . 5. Not any benefit or gift received of God , but God himselfe , and his free favour is the matter of the believers joy : David will be glad and rejoyce in God himselfe . 6. It is not enough to have joy in our heart in the Lord , but it is his glory , that the joy which we have in him , be openly known as occasion offereth : therefore will David sing praises to the name of the Lord most high . 7. The way of giving God the glory in every action , and in special of our victories over our enemies , is to acknowledge him to bee the chief worker thereof , and the creatures to be but instruments by whom hee turneth the enemie back : for the enemie falleth and perisheth at his presence . 8. As for time by-gone God should have the glory of what is done ▪ so must wee consecrate the glory of what shal bee done , and of what we would have done altogether to the Lord ; therefore also for time to come David speaketh , When mine enemies are turned back , ( to wit , by thy power ) they shal fall at thy presence . 9. Were a cause never so right and just , it requireth Gods power for keeping it on foot : the justnesse of the cause must not be relyed on , but God must have the trust of the cause , and the glory of maintaining of it : David acknowledgeth God the maintainer of his right and cause . 10. What Judge soever shal condemne us unrighteously , there is a higher Judge to judge the cause over againe , and the parties also : who when he sheweth himself , should be glorified in his justice by us ; Thou ●●●test in the throne judging right , saith David , after he was condemned of the Judges of the Land. Ver. 5. Thou hast rebuked the Heathen , thou hast destroyed the wicked ; thou hast put out their name for ever and ever . 6. O thou enemy , destructions are come to a perpetuall end : and thou hast destroyed Cities , their memorial is perished with them . 7 But the Lord shall endure for ever : he hath prepared his throne for judgment . 8 And hee shall judge the world in righteousnesse , hee shall minister judgement to the people in uprightnesse . 9 The Lord also will be a refuge for the oppressed , a refuge in times of trouble . 10 And they that know thy Name will put their trust in thee : for thou , Lord , hast not forsaken them that seek thee . In the second place , hee foreseeth in the spirit what shall become of all Gods enemies , and adversaries of his people , and prophesieth concerning them , to the praise of God , and comfort of the godly , who were to live after his time : Whence learne , 1. Although the conscience of the persecuters of Gods people be silent in their securi●y , yet shall Gods judgement against them 〈◊〉 their conscience ●e last , whether they be enemies without the Church , or 〈…〉 the Lord shall destroy them : For thou , O Lords , hast 〈◊〉 ▪ the heathen ▪ thou hast destroyed the wicked 〈◊〉 Although the enemies have a great name in the 〈…〉 their glory be blasted , and their 〈…〉 never been heard of 〈…〉 name for ever and ever . 3. The 〈…〉 people , and of their dwellings 〈…〉 bee charged upon their enemies 〈…〉 executed and brought their 〈…〉 enemies themselves know and think they 〈…〉 purpose : their intended 〈…〉 . 4. The time shall come , when 〈◊〉 godly 〈…〉 over all their oppressours ▪ yea , in the midst of the enimie● insolencies , the godly , by faith may 〈…〉 say as here , O thou enemy , destructions are come to a 〈◊〉 end . 5. As the enemies of Gods Church have destroyed the earthly dwellings of the Lords people ; 〈…〉 hath destroyed , and will destroy their cities and their dwellings , and make their memorial cease with them . 6. The reigne of the wicked adversaries of Gods p●ople is very short , and in a few daies they are cut off , but the Lord shall endure for ever , to defend his people from age to age . 7. Courts of Justice among men are not alwaies ready to hear plaintiffs ; but the Lord holdeth Court continually , the taking in of no mans complaint is delayed so much as one houre , though thousands should come at once , all of them with sundry Petitions : Hee hath prepared his throne for Iudgment . 8. Albeit in the Courts of men justice be not alwaies found , and very rarely in any matter concerning Christ ; yet the Lord shall judge the world in righteousnesse , and minister judgment to the people in uprightnesse : the injuries done to his people shal be all of them righted by him . 9. Although the Lords children have no residence , but be chased from place to place , and know not whither to goe in the earth , yet there is an open City of refuge unto them , where they shal find shelter : For the Lord also will be a refuge to the oppressed . 10. The Lords relief which hee giveth to his people , is reserved , til other inferiour reliefs doe fa●l , til the godly man bee humbled and emptied , and then will he helpe : Unto the oppressed he will be a refuge in time of trouble . 11. The way of the Lords helping and comforting his owne people , is by lifting up the believer above any thing which can overtake him ; above the reach of all creatures ; The Lord will be an high tower , an high place , as the word importeth , whence the believer may look down and despise wha● flesh can do unto him . 12. The ignorance of the Lords goodness , mercy , truth , and other his attributes , is the cause of making so little use of God in prosperity , and so little believing in him in the time of trouble . For , they who know his name , will trust in him . 13. They to whom the spiritual knowledg of God is revealed , wil certainly trust in him : and they that trust in him will seek him : and they that seek him , wil find him to be what he is called : for the man knowing God , trusting in God , and seeking God , is the same here . 14. The Lord may for a time hide himselfe , or delay to manifest himselfe to a believer that seeketh him ( which he doth sometimes for the believers tryall , exercise , and profiting ) yet no age can give an instance of his rejecting such a supplicant : for thou , Lord , hast not forsaken them that seeke thee . 15. As many experiences as are past of Gods grace to beleeving supplicants before this day , as many confirmations of Faith are given , and as many encouragemints to all believers to seeke his face in Christ : For hee never forsooke them that sought him . Ver. 11. Sing praise to the Lord , which dwelleth in Zion : declare among the people his doings . 12. When hee maketh inquisition for blood , hee remembreth them : he forgetteth not the cry of the humble . In the third place , he exhorteth the rest of the godly to praise God with him . Whence learn , 1. It is the duty of all believers to joyn themselves chearfully in the setting forth the Lords care over them , and whatsoever may make his lovely Majestie known to the world : for so requireth the present precept and example , Sing praises to the Lord. 2. The only true God , and the right object of our joy and praises , is he who did manifest himself to the Church of the Jewes of old ; who gave his Scriptures and his Ordinances to them ; and among whom hee took up his residence in Jerusalem , in Sion , in the Temple , in the Mercy seat , betwixt the Cherubims , ( which was a figure of the Incarnation of the Son of God ; in whom , as the only Mediatour , is the trysting place betweene God and Believers , for accepting their persons and worship ) for so doth the description of the true God here teach us : Sing praises to the Lord , who dwelleth in Sion . 3. The acts of the Lord for his people are so stamped with the impression of his divinity , that they are able to purchase glory to God even among the Nations that are without the Church , and to draw them to him : and so it is not a needlesse , fruitlesse or hopelesse worke , to declare his doings among the Nations . 4. If the Lord be pleased to honour himselfe with the martyrdome of any of his servants , it is not for disrespect to their persons , for they remaine , even when dead , honourable in his estimation , and high in his affection ; for he remembereth them in a special manner . 5. There is a time appointed of God for bringing to judgment every sinne , and especially murther ; and of all murthers , to avenge most severely the slaughter of his servants , concerning whom it is here said , When he maketh inquisition for blood , hee remembreth them : Precious in his eyes is the death of his Saints : 6. There is not a lost word in the earnest prayers of the humble believer , poured forth in the day of his necessity : every petition shal have a ful answer , partly in this life , and partly in the life to come : For God forgetteth not the cry of the humble . Ver. 13. Have mercy upon me , O Lord , consider my trouble which I suffer of them that hate me , thou that liftest me up from the gates of death . 14 That I may shew forth all thy praise in the gates of the daughter of Sion : I wil rejoyce in thy salvation . In the fourth place , hee cometh to his owne particular and present case , and prayeth for a new experience of the truth formerly set downe , believed and sealed by him . Whence learn , 1. When new troubles befal experienced believers , they must betake them to their old refuge , and to the formerly blessed means of prayer ; as here David doth : Have mercy , O Lord , upon me . 2. Never a word of merit should be in the mouth of a true believer ; For , Have mercy on mee , O Lord , is Davids onely plea ; any good in us , is but a sandy ground to build on . 3. It sufficeth a believer acquainted with God , to present before God the trouble hee suffereth unjustly from his enemies , and to expect deliverance from the Lords grace towards himselfe , and from his justice in relation to the adversary : for this is the argument here used , Consider my trouble which I suffer of them that hate me . 4. Extreme danger of present death , should not dash nor discourage the believer to pray for deliverance , because experience hath proven , that the Lord can lift a believer up from the gates of death . 5. Life should not be loved so much for it selfe , as that wee may glorifie God in our life ; and edifie others in the knowledge of God ; For deliverance from death is here asked of God , that hee may set forth all the praises of God in the gates and most open places of the daughter of Sion : that is , in the audience of the people of God. 6. He gets a satisfactory Answer : which teacheth us , That in a moment the Lord can perswade the supplicant of the grant of his prayer , and fill him with joy ; as here in one breath , ere the prophet could close his prayer , he is made to joy in the salvation or deliverance which he was perswaded God was to give to him : I will rejoyce in thy salvation . Ver. 15. The heathen are sunk down in the pit that they made : in the net which they hid , is their owne foot taken . 16 The Lord is known by the judgments which hee executeth : the wicked is snared in the worke of his own hands . Higgaion , Selah . 17 The wicked shal be turned into hell , and all the Nations that forget God. 18 For the needy shall not alway be forgotten : the expectation of the poor shal not perish for ever . In the fifth place is set downe , how with confidence of his own delivery , he is made sure of the overthrow of the enemie : Whence learne , 1. Ordinarily , the delivery of the persecuted people of God is joyned with the overthrow of their oppressors : And ceatainly , the wicked cannot take a readier way to ruine themselves , then to seek the overthrow of the Lords Church and people : For here , The heathen are sunke down in the pit that they made ; and their crafty counsel against the godly , is the trap to take themselves into : In the net which they hid , their own feet are taken . 2. None of Gods judgments , and specially none of those Judgments whereby he pleads the cause of his Church against her enemies , should be lightly looked upon : For the Lord is known by the judgments which hee executeth : His judgements bear the impression of his wisdome and justice ; so as the sinne may be read written on the rod. 3. Amongst other manifestations of Gods wisdome and justice in punishing his adversaries , this is one . The Lord makes the workes of the wicked , and specially what they doe against his people , to be the very means to undoe them : The wicked is snared in the work of his own hands . 4. As the devices of the wicked do come from hel , so do they return thither , and draw the devisers with them : Though they cry , Peace , peace , and put the fear of hell farre from them , yet all the wicked shal be turned into hell . 5. As they who give themselves to sinne , and specially enemies to peace , doe cast away the knowledge of God out of their mind and affections ; so shall God cast them away far from his presence : All the nations that forget God , shall be turned into hell . 6. Albeit the Lord doe not presently execute judgment on the godlesse oppressors of his people , yet for respect the Lord doth beare to his people , their destruction shal certainly come : They shall goe down to bell ; for the needy shall not alwayes bee forgotten . The cry of the needy and oppressed shall bring judgement upon the oppressors . 7. The Lords people are an humbled people , afflicted , emptied , sensible of their need , driven to a daily attendance on God , daily begging of him , and living only upon the hope of what is promised : for so are they here described needy , poor , supplicants , and expectants of the performance of what is promised . 8. Albeit the Lord seeme to lay aside the prayers of the oppressed godly , and forget them : and albeit the godly mans hope doth seem for a time vaine , yet shal he not alwaies be forgotten , nor his expectation perish for ever , and specially the expectation he hath of things everlasting , shal not be disappointed , but shal be satisfied for ever . Ver. 19. Arise , O Lord , let not man prevail : let the heathen be judged in thy sight . 20 Put them in fear , O Lord : that the nations may know themselves to be but men . Selah . In the last place he followeth his condemnatory sentence of the wicked with prayer , that the Lord would put it in execution , even in his owne time . Whence learn , 1. The Lord doth not so delay to execute judgement on the oppressors of his people , but he may be intreated to make speedy dispatch , and as need requireth to arise and fall to worke . 2. The time of Gods arising is , when the cause of God which the godly do maitaine is like to be lost . Arise , O Lord , let not man prevail . There is his reason , why he would have God to arise . 3. When God ariseth for the godly , he maketh it appear , that they are his people , and that their adversaries are in effect before him but heathen and strangers from the inward covenant , and common-wealth of his people , whether they be within the visible Church or not ; for he prayeth , Let the heathen be judged in thy sight . 4. So long as the Lord ●oth spare his adversaries , they do mis-know themselves , and God also . Sin doth so besot ignorant and gracelesse people , that they forget that they are mortal , and that God is their judge . Therefore David desireth , that the nations may know themselves to be but men . 5. Where there is any hope or possibility of the salvation of enemies , the godly mans desire is they should be brought in subjection to God ▪ and humbled before him ; and that judgments might be so tempered as the enemie might profit thereby , and God be glorified : Put them in fear , that they may know themselves to be ●ut men . PSAL. X. This Psalme wanteth an inscription , and that in Gods wisedome , that being less restricted to a particular mans case , it may be of more general use , whensoever the godly find themselves in a condition whereunto this prayer may be sutable : and specially in time of general persecution . The prophet here complaineth to God and craveth justice against the persecuters of his people , because of the intolerable wickedness of the oppressor , ver . 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11. Secondly , he prayeth for hastning of the deliverie of the Lords people , and for hastning of judgment upon the persecuters , for vindication of the glory of Gods justice against his enemies , and of his mercy to his people . Ver. 12 , 13 , 14 , 15. Thirdly , he professeth his confidence that he shall be heard , and so glorifieth God , Ver. 16 , 17 , 18. Ver. 1. WHy standest thou a far off , O Lord ? why hidest thou thy self in time of trouble ? 2. The wicked in his pride doth persecute the poor : let them be taken in the devices that they have imagined . 3. For the wicked boasteth of his hearts desire : and blesseth the covetous , whom the Lord abhorreth . 4. The wicked through the pride of his countenance will not seek after God : God is not in all his thoughts . 5. His wayes are alwayes grievous , thy judgments are far above out of his sight : as for all his enemies , he ●uffeth at them . 6. He hath said in his heart , I shall not be moved : for I shall never be in adversity . 7. His mouth is full of cursing , and deceit , and fraud : under his tongue is mischiefe and vanity . 8. He sitteh in the lurking places of the villages : in the secret places doth he murder the innocent : his eys are privily set against the poor . 9. He lyeth in wait secretly as a lyon in his den , he lyeth in wait to catch the poor : he doth catch the poor when he draweth him into his net . 10. He croucheth , and humbleth himselfe , that the poor may fall by his strong ones . 11. He hath said in his heart , God hath forgotten : he hideth his face , he will never see it . In this complaint he speaketh to God after the manner of men , in the termes of sense , and as matters did seem to him in outward appearance . Whence learn , 1. How far contrary to the word of promise , may Gods word and dispensation seeme to speak : the word saith , He will ever be with his owne , and not forsake them ; and here his dealing with them seemeth to say , That he standeth afar off , and hideth himself in time of trouble . Sense may sometime speak contrary to faith . 2. In this case the speech of sense is not to be subscribed , but the truth of the word should be relyed upon ; and the objection made by sense , or suggestion against the word , is to bee brought before the Lord in Prayer , that it may be discussed : as here the Prophet doth . Why standest thou afar off , & c ? 3. Observe how homely an humbled soule may 〈…〉 God , and how far the Lord will be from mistaking of his people , when faith doth borrow senses tongue ; The Lord will suffer such speeches and not take them in ill part , knowing that they proceede from faith and love , wrestling with sense ; yea , and hee will suffer them to be registred in his Book , as here we see , for prudent use making of them , though they appear to challenge him , for standing al●ofe , and hiding himselfe . 4. Oft times it cometh to passe , that the godly are in a meane condition in the world , when their adversaries are in high places and power , and so bee able to oppresse them as their underlings . The wicked in his pride doth persecute the poore . 5. In respect that pride disdaineth what is apparantly good in a mean person , and overvalueth its owne worth , therefore pride is easily coupled with oppression and pride is able to raise persecution . The wicked in his pride doth persecute the poore . 6. What persecuters do devise against Gods people , may with good grounds be expected shal turne to be a snare unto themselves . Let them be taken in the devices they have imagined . 7. All the Politicians on earth cannot describe the vilenesse of the wicked , so wel as the Spirit of the Lord doth point it out , for he setteth him forth . 1. Hee is an arrogant , self-confident man , threatning to bring to passe what hee would have done , as if he were able in despight of God to effectuate it : Hee boasts of his hearts desire . 2. He accounts of no man , but such a one , as by hook and crooke is able to inhance honour and riches ; He blesseth the covetous man. 3. Hee valueth not what God judgeth of a man , whether he be a man whom God loveth , and respects , or not ; he setteth his opinion in opposition to Gods judgment of men , He blesseth the man whom God abhorreth . 4. The wicked man hath such a conceit of his own ability and perfection , as his countenance and carriage doth testifie that he scorneth to imploy God by prayer for any thing : Through the pride of his countenance hee will not seeke God. 5. For the rule of his life , he consulteth not what may please or displease God , what may honour , or dishonour God. He troubles not himself with such thoughts . God is not in all his thoughts . That is , as the Hebrew phrase doth mean , all his thoughts are , that there is no God : or none of his thoughts are upon God. 6. His waies are ever noysome , ●ending especially to hurt the godly ; His waies are alwaies grievous ; or as his wayes prosper , they do vex others . 7. Hee feareth not Gods judgements , hee believeth not that they shal ever come ; hee putteth them far 〈◊〉 in his conceit : yea ; and what the Lord hath set down in his word , as his judgment , hee apprehendeth it not ; he is not capable of spiritual wisdome . The Lords ●udgments are far above out of his sight . 8. He neither feareth God nor man , All his enemies he puffeth at them ; as disdaining what they can do against him . 9. The wicked doe promise to themselves perpetuity of prosperity , and doe not feare evil , to see a change to the worse , He assureth himselfe never to be moved , nor to be in adversity . 10. For his words , he standeth not to blaspheme God , to lie , swear , and curse , if it may purchase him credit , and may help him to deceive others . His mouth is ful of cursing . 11. His fair promises are but vanity ; and when hee minds a mischiefe , he hides it with pretences of best intentions , .. . 12. As thieves and cut-throats lie in wait about villages , to catch the stragling passengers , where there are few to help them , so do the wicked watch where they may oppresse those who have few to doe for them : He sitteth in the lurking places of the villages , in secret places doth he murther the innocent . 23. As an Archer in the hunting of his prey , so doth the wicked marke and spie out a poor man , to make advantage of him : His eyes are privily set against the poor . 14. As a Lion in his den , or some lurking place , lieth stil til the prey come by , and then he leapeth out upon it , when he is able to take it : so doth the wicked dissemble his malice , till he be Master over a man , and then doth what hee can against him . He lieth secretly in wait as a Lion. 15. As a crafty hunter spreadeth his net for a prey , and miskenneth it , til the prey be intangled , so doth the wicked lay some device to catch the poor , and taketh him . Hee doth catch the poor when he drawes him in his net . 16. As the Lion lieth low in the dust , as if he minded to do no harme at all ; so doe the wicked men pretend themselves the most reasonable men that can be , and most observant of Law and equity till by their power they may have their intent of the poor . He crou●heth and humbleth himselfe , that the poor may fall by him , or his associates . 17. Present prosperity joyned with impurity maketh him perswade himselfe that God wil never take notice of him hereafter , or cal him to account , or punish him . He hath said in his heart , God hath forgotten , he hideth his face , hee will never see it . Ver. 12. Arise O Lord , O God , lift up thine hand● forget not the humble . 13. Wherefore doth the wicked contemne God ? hee hath 〈◊〉 in his heart , Thou wilt not require it . 14. Thou hast seen it , for thou beholdest mischiefe and spite , to requite it with thy hand : the poor committeth himself unto thee , thou art the helper of the fatherlesse . 15. Break thou the arme of the wicked , and the evil man : seek out his wickednesse til thou find none . Thus hee hath given the character of the enemies of Gods people , and so made a Dittay for them . Now in the second place , he prayeth against them , that their Doome may be given out , and may be executed . Whence learn , 1. The more wee see Atheisme in the wicked , the more wee should draw neere to God : and albeit the godly conceive God to lye off , and sit stil from executing of justice ; the godly being tempted with the tentations which overcome the wicked , yet they must not yeeld to the tentation , but pray against it , as here is done , Arise , O Lord , lift up thy hand . 2. The merciful respect and love which the Lord hath to his afflicted people , wil not suffer his justice against these persecuters , to be long quiet , For he will not forget the humble . 3. As the Interest which God hath in his owne people , doth engage him to fal on their enemies ; so the vindication also of his own glory from the contempt which they doe to his Name , doth ingage him against them ; for wherefore doth the wicked contemne God , & c ? 4. The godlesse enemies of Gods people doe deny Gods providence , and deny Gods justice , yet his people are comforted under their saddest sufferings by the Lords seeing and marking thereof ; for the godly say here , Thou hast seene it , and beholdest mischiefe . 5. Gods judgments on the wicked shall really refute the Atheisme of the wicked , and requite their opposition made to the godly . He beholds mischiefe and spite to requite it with his hand . 6. When a man hath laid forth his desires , and poured out his heart before God , he should quiet himselfe , and cast himselfe with his burden upon the Lord ; for here the poor committeth himselfe to God. And when an humble believer hath casten his burden on the Lord , the Lord wil not faile to take care of what hee is trusted with , it is an engaging of God , that the poor hath committed himself to him . 7. As the Lords Office , Custome , and Nature is , so is his real work to do for them who imploy him , and are not able to do for themselves ; Hee is the helper of the fatherlesse . 8. The power of persecuters cannot be so great , but God shal weaken and break it , so as they shall not be able to trouble his people . Breake thou the arme of the wicked . 9. Though the Lord reckons not with his enemies for their sins at first , yet he reckons for all at last ; for lesse and for greater , for one and for all , and doth not passe a farthing of the debt of punishment un-exacted : But seeketh out their sinnes till hee find none . O how fearful a reckoning must it be , which the Lord maketh with the impenitent , who die unpardoned , and unreconciled with God , through the Mediator Christ Jesus ! Ver. 16. The Lord is King for ever and ever : the heathen are perished out of his land . 17 Lord , thou hast heard the desire of the humble : thou wilt prepare their heart , thou wilt cause thine ear to hear . 18 To judge the fatherlesse and the oppressed , that the man of the earth may no more oppresse . In the last place , the answer of the petition followeth , in a comfortable perswasion of the supplicant , concerning the grant thereof : Whence learn , 1. That the prayer of the persecuted shall not be rejected , because the kingdome of Christ in his Church is perpetual : earthly Kings cannot live still to helpe their friends , followers , or flatterers , or to persecute and molest Gods Church : But Christ is the Lord and King for ever and ever , to defend his people , and punish his foes . 2. The wicked within the visible Church , howsoever they have the external priviledges of Gods people , yet if they continue unreconciled , and do oppose piety , they shal be in Gods estimation , and in the day of his judging of them , counted , as they are here called , heathen , and shal be separate from the fellowship of God and Gods people , The heathen shall perish out of his land . 3. It s the Lords way to exercise his children with trouble , till hee humble them , and make them sensible of the neede of his help , til he turn their sense of need , into a desire of his reliefe , and their desire into a prayer , and then hee will in due time give answer : Lord , thou hast heard the desire of the humble . 4. Grace to pray , and the fixing of the heart in prayer on the Lord , is his gift , no lesse then the answer of the prayer : and where the Lord doth give the one grace , he wil also give the other : Thou wilt prepare their heart , thou wilt cause thine ear to hear . 5. When God beginneth to shew his respect to the prayers of his people against their oppressors , then the helplesse and weake servants of God shal have deliverance from the power of oppressours , and their oppressours shal not be able to do any more harme , when the Lord causeth his ear to hear their prayer : the fatherlesse shal be judged , yea declared righteous , absolved and delivered ; and the oppressour shall no more oppresse . 6. If there were no more comfort to the godly opressed , yet this may suffice , that their life , inheritance , and happinesse is in heaven ; and that their oppressours , in opposition to them are declared here , to be but men of this earth , whose portion is no better , then what they have here in this World. PSAL. XI . To the chief Musician , A Psalm of David . David , as an example of a Christian under the trial of his faith in time of trouble , and tempted to desperation , resisted the temptation , how desperate soever his condition seemed : ver . 1 , 2. and disputeth for the confirmation of his own faith . ver . 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7. Ver. 1. IN the Lord put I my trust : how say ye to my soul , Flee as a bird to your mountain ? 2 For lo , the wicked bend their bow , they make ready their arrow upon the string , that they may privily shoot at the upright in heart . BEfore the Prophet dispute , and produce his reasons against the tentations unto unbeliefe , he asserteth and avoweth his faith , and presenteth the danger he is in , before God. Whence learn , 1. It s the surest method in our spiritual combate against Sathan , and his fiery darts , to hold up the shield of faith , and to fix our self in resolution never to loose our gripes off the Lord ; As David doth here , In the Lord put I my trust . 2. Having once fixed our foot on the rock , wee may the more effectually rebuke our adversaries , for mocking of our confidence : As David doth here , saying , How say you to my soule , Flee ? 3. God is a strong refuge to his owne , whereunto they should flie like birds , chased to their strength , in all necessities , for he is our rock or mountaine . 4. The wicked world doe scorne the godly mans confidence , and the avowing of his faith in God , when they see no visible helpe for him on earth . Take up your faith now ( say they ) when they see the man beset by apparently inextricable troubles , as here they say to David , flee now as a bird to thy mountaine . 5. The believer is not stupid in time of danger , nor senseless of difficulties , when hee asserteth his faith : For lo ( saith hee ) the wicked bend their bow , they have me as it were under the visie of their shot . 6. The Lord for the exercise of the faith of his owne , and for discovery of the plots of the wicked against them , and for shewing of his own glory in protecting them more cleerly , doth suffer the wicked to make all ready , even unto present execution of their cruelty , as here , they make ready their arrow upon the string to shoot , &c. Ver. 3. If the foundation be destroyed , what can the righteous do ? 4. The Lord is in his holy Temple , the Lords throne is in heaven : his eyes behold , his eye lids try the children of men . 5. The Lord tryeth the righteous : but the wicked and him that loveth violence , his soul hateth . 6. Vpon the wicked he shal raine snares , fire , and brimstone , and an horrible tempest : this shal be the portion of their cup. 7. For the righteous Lord loveth righteousnesse : his countenance doth behold the upright . In the next place , he disputeth for the confirmation of his own faith by sundry reasons or severall considerations . The first reason to confirme his faith , is from the absurdity of the tentation , tending to the overturning of the very foundation of religion , whereunto , if the believer should yield , he is lost and gone . Whence learn , 1. Faith in God , and flying to him in all straits for relief , is the foundation of all religious and righteous persons , whereupon they build their hope and happinesse solidly ; for David had laid it for a foundation , that God was a Rock , or mountaine of refuge for men to flee unto in straits . 2. A tentation to mistrust God , and not to flee to him in all hazards , is most dangerous , and destructive of all true Religion , for it is the destroying of the very foundations of righteousnesse and happinesse ; and the resisting of this tentation is so necessary , as in what measure it is yielded unto , in that measure the righteous man is put to a stand , and to a comfortlesse perplexity , and should despair certainly if he went from it . For if the foundations be destroyed , what shall the righteous man do ? If it be in vaine to flie to God , righteous men are lost men , which is absurd . The next reason to confirme his faith is the establishment of a Mediatour , set forth in the Word of God , and other holy ordinances , concerning the covenant of grace , and the benefits of it , and duties required in it , all to be found in the Lords holy temple , or Tabernacle , representing Christ Jesus and his Church , and the mutual relations betweene God and his people . Whence learne , 3. The way to refresh and strengthen faith , is to looke to God in Christ the Mediator , reconciling the World to himself , according as he was shadowed forth in the Temple of Jerusalem , and as he is stil holden forth in the Church , in his word and other ordinances . First and last Christ is the trysting place , where God is constantly to be found on his mercy seat ; for the Lord in his holy Temple , did speake so much to the Church in typical terms . 4. The third reason is , because God is a perfect judg to take order in due time , both with them who oppose his worke and people , and with those who wil not make use of his mercy . The Lords throne is in heaven . 5. The Lords knowledge of all mens carriage is perfect : His eyes behold . 6. When the Lord doth not make manifest by his work that he seeth mens carriage , but seemeth , as it were , to wink and close his eyes , he is then about to try the hearts of men , and to bring their thoughts to light . His eye-lids ( when eyes seem closed ) do try the children of men . 7. The troubles whereunto the Lord doth put his children in times of tentation , are not to be exponed as acts of displeasure , or meer justice , but as acts of wisdome and love , to try , exercise , and frame them to obedience . The Lord tryeth the righteous ; at such times as he sendeth trouble specially . 8. However he giveth the wicked and violent persecuter to have a seeming prosperity , while the godly are in trouble , yet that is no act of love to them : for the wicked , and him that loveth violence , his soul hateth . 9. All the seeming advantages which the wicked have in their owne prosperity , are but meanes of hardening of them in their ill course , and holding them fast in the bonds of their own iniquities , till God execute judgement on them . Upon the wicked he shall raine snares . 10. Whatsoever be the condition of the wicked for a time , yet at length suddaine , terrible , irresistible , and remedilesse destruction they shal not escape : fire and brimstone , and an horrible tempest is the portion of their cup. The 4. reason for confirmation of his faith is from the Lords love , setled upon his upright servants , in the midst of their troubles , while they suffer for righteousnesse sake . Whence learne , 11. The respect that the Lord hath to the cause for which his servants do suffer , ●hasteneth on , and fastneth wrath upon their adversaries . For the righteous Lord loveth righteousnesse , is given as a reason of the sentence in the preceeding verse . 12. Though clouds do sometime hide the expressions of the Lords respect and love towards his people , yet stil his love is set upon them ; for continually his countenance doth behold the upright . PSAL. XII . To the chief Musician upon Sheminith , A Psalm of David . The Prophet having observed , as is set down , ver . 8 how wickednesse lifteth up the head in all the Land , when the places of power and trust doe come in the hands of naughty and vile men , doth give direction by his own example unto the godly ; first , to have their recourse to God by prayer , while they are born down by the wicked in such an ill time , ver . 1 , 2. and next how to comfort themselves by the word of God , pronouncing the sentence of justice upon all loose-tongued men , ver . 3 , 4. And promising delivery to the oppressed godly , and preservation of his Church in all generations , ver . 5 , 6 , 7. Howsoever he suffer wicked men to bear rule sometimes , and wickednesse to abound by that means , ver . 8. Ver. 1. HElp Lord , for the godly man ceaseth : for the faithful fail from among the children of men . 2. They speak vanity every one with his neighbour with flattering lips , and with a double heart do they speak . David finding no friend at Court , nor any place or power , who either would speak a word in his favours , or give him any friendly counsel , turneth himself to God. Whence learne , 1. The face of the visible Church may sometime be so far defaced , that there cannot be a man found to show himself openly , for a good cause , as here is noted . The godly man ceaseth , the faithfull fail from among the children of men . 2. In such a case God can and wil supply the in-lack of friends and counsellers to his own , when they seek to him , Help Lord : the Lord wil help . 3. At such a time , a godly person may not think upon seditious practices against those that are in lawful authority , but take himself to prayer ; for David who had a fairer pretence for such a practice then any private man or men can have , because he was designed successour to the kingdom , he goeth to God in this case , and cryeth , Help Lord. He proveth the in-lack of godlinesse and faithfulness , because there was no upright , nor honest dealing among the people , but falshood and flatterie . Whence learn , 4. Where true godlinesse is out of request , the common bonds of neighbourhood , ( including bonds of blood , alliance , and acquaintance ) wil fail also , and every one wil goe about to deceive his neighbour ; so that a man cannot trust what another saith : for They speak vanity every one with his neighbour . 5. When ungodly men intend most to deceive , then they are sure to speak fairest , giving pleasant words , with insinuation of respects in abundant complements . They speak vanity to their neighbour with flattering lips . 6. Vain talk , cousening speeches , flattering words , are unbeseeming honest men , and do argue in so far as men affect them , ungodlinesse , unfaithfulnesse , and deceitfulnesse in a man ; for when with flattering lips they speak , with a double heart they speak . Ver. 3 The Lord shal cut off all flattering lips , and the tongue that speaketh proud things . 4 Who have said , With our tongue will we prevail , our lips are our own : who is Lord over us ? He setteth down in the next place the comforts of the godly , which are three . The first is from Gods justice in punishing calumniators of the godly , and proud boasters . Whence learne , 5. Although pick-thankes , and flatterers of great men , in prejudice of the godly , do hope to stand by their flatterie , yet the Lord shall cut off all flattering lips . 2. Albeit men in power and place do threaten to bring about great things against Gods people , yet they shall not bee able to doe what they have said , for God shall cut off also the tongue that speaketh proud things . 3. Wicked men are confident , and do assure themselves to double out their course by their falshood , flattery , and calumnies against the godly ; They have said , With our tongue wil we prevail . 4. Wicked men make no conscience to use well the gifts which they have gotten of God ; such as are wit , or language , or any other thing ; for they say , Our lips are our owne . 5. Wicked men stand not in awe of God ; they fear not punishment from him , for in effect they say ; Who is Lord over us ? But we must learn from their faults three contrary lessons ; to wit , 1. That nothing which we have is our own . But 2. Whatsoever is given to us of God is for service to be done to him . 3. That whatsoever we do , or say , we have a Lord over us , to whom we must be answerable , when he calleth us to accounts . Ver. 5. For the oppression of the poor , for the sighing of the needy , now will I arise ( saith the Lord ) I wil set him in safety from him that puffeth at him . 6. The words of the Lord are pure words : as silver tryed in a furnace of earth , purified seven times . 7. Thou shalt keep them ( O Lord ) thou shalt preserve them from this generation for ever . The second comfort of the godly in an ill time , is from the promise of God , to deliver the godly out of the hand of the wicked . Whence learn , 1. When the Lord hath exercised the Godly for a while , with the oppression of the wicked , he will not fail to make manifest , that he hath heard their sad supplications , and seen their oppression ; for the oppression of the poor , for the fighting of the needy , now will I arise , saith the Lord. 2. The proud persecuter doth think little of the Godly , or any power that can defend him , but doth mock the hope he hath to be helped ; yet God will set the godly in safety from him that puffeth at him . This promise the Prophet commendeth to the Church , as a precious truth , which will be found forth-coming to the full , in experience . Whence learn , 3. To the end that the word of promise may be comfortable to us , till new experience comes , we must consider whose word it is , and that there is no vanity in promises , but all contained in them , shall be found very solid , like the refined silver , or gold , which is purged from all drosse , and the oftner it is put in the fire , it is the more fair , and of greater value : for the words are the Lords words , and pure words , tryed , true his experience , as silver tryed in a furnace of earth seven times , and clear from all drosse . The third comfort of the godly is from assurance given of the perpetuation of the Church , and custody of it by God , in all ages . Whence learn. 4. Let men persecute the godly , as much as God pleaseth to suffer them , yet shall God preserve a Church of godly persons at all times to the end of the world : For God shall preserve the godly from this generation for ever . 5. Albeit the discomforted godly , under persecuters , are not alwayes able to draw presently comfort from this promise , yet it is a truth which God will own , which God will keep in his hand to us , when we come to him , and which every beleever must own , though no man should take it off his hand . Therefore doth David turne himself to God , in delivering this Charter of the Churches safety ▪ Thou , saith he , shalt keep them . Ver. 8. The wicked walk on every side , when the vilest men are exalted . In the close of the Psalme , upon his own experience ; he draweth up a generall observation of what may be expected , when the most wicked are most advanced . Whence learn , 1. God sometimes so disposeth in his Wisdom and Justice , for punishing of wicked people , and exercising of the godly , that the places of government in a Kingdome , are filled not with the best men , but with the vilest of the sons of men ; For in Davids experience it was so , and he presupposeth it might fall to be so , that the vilest of men should be exalted . 2. The wickednesse of the ungodly doth in this case break forth most , and spread it selfe among the Subjects , being heartned thereunto by the Rulers toleration , connivance , or instigation , or example , and countenance ; For when the vilest men are exalted , then the wicked walk on every side . Turne you where you will , you shall meet with them , at such a time as the vilest are exalted . PSAL. XIII . To the chiefe Musician , a Psalm of David . Another Christian experience , wherein David un●der the sense of desertion , layeth forth his lamentable case before the Lord , ver . 1 , 2. prayeth for releif ver . 3.4 . and by faith is refreshed and comforted , ver . 5 , 6. v. 1 HOw long wilt thou forget me ( O Lord ) for ever ? how long wilt thou hide thy face from me ? 2. How long shall I take counsel in my soul , having sorrow in my heart daily ? how long shall mine enemy be exalted over me ? In laying forth his grief , he beginneth at his apparant desertion ; then speaketh of the perplexity of minde , arising herefrom ; and last of all he mentioneth the continuance of his outward trouble from his enemies . Whence learn , 1. Trouble outward and inward , of body and spirit , fightings without , and terrors within , vexations from heaven and earth , from God deserting , and men pursuing , may fall upon a child of God at one time , and continue for a time long enough , as here ; How long wilt thou forget me , how long shall mine enemy be exalted over me ? 2. When trouble is continued , and appearance of means of delivery is not , and God both withholdeth inward and outward help , sense calleth this the Lords forgetting and hiding of his face . How long wilt thou forget me , and hide thy face ? 3. The Lords children in their resolution for faith and patience , do set to themselves a shorter period usually then the Lord doth , for making them have their perfect work ; therefore when their hope is deferred , it makes their heart sick , and to cry out , How long ? how long ? 4. When comfort trysteth not with our time , fear of eternall off-casting may readily slide in : and this fear , a soul acquainted with God , or that loveth him in any measure , cannot endure . Wilt thou forget me for ever ? saith he . 5. Whatsoever sense do speak , or suggested tentations do speak , faith will relate the businesse to the Lord , and expect a better speech from him : For in this condition the Prophet goeth to God , saying , How long , O Lord ? 6. A soul finding desertion , multiplyeth consultations , falleth in perplexity , changeth conclusions , as a sick man doth his bed , falleth in grief , and cannot endure to live by its own finding , but runneth upon God for direction , as here we see it ; How long shall I take counsel in my soul , having sorrow in my heart daily ? 7. The enemies taking advantage , ( by the continuance of trouble upon the Godly , ) against his cause and religion , and against God , doth augment both the griefe and temptation of the godly , How long shal mine enemies be exalted over me ? Vers. 3. Consider and hear me , O Lord my God : lighten mine eyes , lest I sleep the sleep of death . 4. Lest mine enemies say , I have prevailed against him ; and those that trouble me , rejoyce when I am moved . Now followeth his prayer for some comfortable answer , lest both he should perish , and God be dishonoured : Whence learn , 1. The edge of tentations is blunted , and griefe asswaged , when the swelling of the soul doth vent it self to God : and certainly complaints are then best eased , when they are dissolved in humble supplications , as here , Consider and hear me , O Lord my God. 2. Albeit faith believeth that God considereth and heareth alwaies , yet it cannot rest till it feele by some effect that he doth hear and consider , by his giving some reall support , or help in need , according to covenant ; This is imported in his praying , and words of prayer , consider , hear me . 3. If the Lord think it not good to give an outward delivery , faith will be content of a blenk of Gods countenance for the present , lighten mine eyes , saith he ; that is , let me have some immediate comfort to uphold me in the hope of my delivery . 4. It s a death to the godly man who hath seen him that is invisible , to be long without the sense of Gods love ; sense of succumbing and perishing in trouble , doth in this case usually set upon the Godly , as here , lighten mine eyes , lest I sleep the sleep of death . 5. The enemies of the godly do feed themselves with the trouble of the godly , and rejoyce the more they see them in distresse , and discouragement ; which two inconveniences , the Lord useth to prevent , for he cannot endure long to see the pride and rejoycing of the enemy to feed it self on the miseries of his children ; and this the Prophet insinuateth , when he seeketh relief , lest the enemy glory that he hath prevailed , &c. Vers. 5. But I have trusted in thy mercy , my heart shall rejoyce in thy salvation . 6. I will sing unto the Lord , because he hath dealt bountifully with me . Here the Prophet is raised up unto comfort by degrees : first he setleth himself upon the tried grounds of faith , then promiseth to himself deliverance , and thirdly findeth comfort : Whence learn , 1. Albeit we find not present reliefe , or comfort when we pray , yet we must resolve to adhere to God by faith : when we have powred out our soul in his bosome by prayer , we must resolve to settle our feet on the ground of faith , before we can expect to be comforted : For here David relyed on Gods mercy , and ratifieth his former resolution and practise of resting on his mercy , I have trusted on thy mercy . 2. So soon as faith is fixed , and resolute to adhere to covenanted mercy , hope doth lift up the head , and this anker of the tossed ship stayeth the soul from being driven ; The believer looketh out for Gods salvation , by some way of delivery , which God thinks good to give , and assureth himself it shall come , and that he shall finde joy in Gods way of deliverance , My heart ( saith he ) shall rejoyce in thy salvation . 3. When the believer is resolved to rest on Gods mercy by faith , then followeth peace at least , and readily more comfort of Gods Spirit , then for the present he expected to have , yea as much as shall satisfie him , and make him count himself richly dealt with , as here David acknowledgeth , saying , He hath dealt bountifully with me . 4. Fresh experience of favour from God , in the renewed sense of his good will to a soul , is a matter of great joy , in the midst of trouble ; and the right fruit of it , is a renewed resolution cheerfully to praise God , as here we have the example , I will sing unto to the Lord , because he hath dealt bountifully with me . PSAL. XIV . To the chief Musician . A Psalme of David . David looking on the constitution of the visible Church , and seeing the great body of the people lying in their naturall state , working iniquity , and hating the truely Godly amongst them , even to the death , vers . 1 , 2 , 3. comforteth the Godly , first by the care the Lord hath of them , in pleading their cause against the ungodly ; vers . 4 , 5 , 6. and next by giving hope of better daies for the godly , when after sore plagues come on that people , Christ should manifest himself unto them , vers . 7. Vers. 1. THE fool hath said in his heart , There is no God : they are corrupt , they have done abominable works , there is none that doth good . 2. The Lord looked down from heaven upon the children of men ; to see if there were any that did understand , and seek God. 3. They are all gone aside , they are all together become filthy : there is none that doth good , no not one . The Prophet divideth all these who were in the visible Church , into un-regenerate men on the one hand , and Gods true people converted inwardly unto him on the other hand ; and doth argue all the un-regenerate to be practically Atheists , without God in the World , by the same proof whereby the Apostle convinceth all men in nature , to be in the state of sin , Rom. 3.13 . Whence learn , 1. Every man so long as he lyeth unrenewed , and unreconciled unto God ( how wise so ever , or of how great parts so ever he may seem to be to himself or the world ) is nothing in effect but a mad man , running to his own destruction in losing his soul and eternall life , when he seemeth most to gain the world , therefore he is called the fool . 2. It is not heeded by God what a mans mouth saith of God , or of himself , but what his heart saith . The fool hath said in his heart , there is no God. 3. It is not the word , or outward profession , which truely doth expone the heart , but the current of a mans life and actions ; for here it is proved , that the heart is full of Atheisme , by this , that they are corrupt in their conversation , and do abominable works . 4. God is onely the right Judge of regeneration and unregeneration , and the onely true searcher of the heart : It s he who looketh down from heaven , to see if any of the sons of men , or any in the state of nature , have any wisdome in them , or affection after God : if any of them have understanding , or do seek after God : For he that doth not seek God , hath no understanding , nor principle of Spirituall life in him . 5. Whatsoever may be the odds among unrenewed men , some more , some lesse grosse in their out-breaking , yet God pronounceth of them all , that they are all of them gone out of the way , to wit , of holinesse and happinesse , they are altogether become filthy ; that is , all their actions flowing forth from their corrupt hearts are vile and loathsome in Gods sight , and they are all in one rank in this , there is none of them that doth good , none of them , being unreconciled to God , do or can do any thing at all commanded of God , as commanded , from right principles , and for right ends . Vers. 4. Have all the workers of iniquity no knowledg ? who eat up my people as they eat bread , and call not upon the Lord. 5. There were they in great fear : for God is in the generation of the righteous . 6. You have shamed the counsel of the poor ; because the Lord is his refuge . In the next place he comforteth the people of God , living in society of the visible Church , with the unrenewed multitude . First , by this , that the Lord doth plead their cause against the ungodly . Whence learn , 1. That the nature of all unrenewed men , is to bear deadly enmity against those that are really Gods people , and delight to undo the godly , as contemners of all that live not as they do . They eat up my people as they do bread , saith the Lord. 2. The Lord owns the quarrell , and wrongs done to the godly , as done to him , in whomsoever his image is hated or persecuted . They eat up my people , saith he . 3. The causelesse hatred of the godly is a most unreasonable thing , and argueth admirable stupidity in wicked men , who maligne the innocent , by whose life they are admonished of their duty , and taught the way to felicity . Have all the workers of iniquity no knowledge ? 4. The mis-kenning of God , and working of iniquity , and persecuting of the godly , are three conjunct properties of a man in nature , not reconciled to God , For to be workers of iniquity , and eaters up of Gods people as bread , and not calling on God , are put for the marks and properties of the same sort of ungodly men . Upon the challenge of the ungodly , the Prophet inferreth the consequence of certain and sad judgements to follow on the wicked , because God is nearly concerned in the quarrell of his people . Whence learn , 5. The persecution of piety in the godly , provoketh God to inflict the most fearfull , and most suddain judgements . For therein specially were the ungodly put to fear , where they had no fear at all . 6. The near conjunction which God hath with the godly , is the reason of the greatnesse of the sin of persecution of them for godlinesse : for here it is given for a reason , why there they were in fear , why they were to tremble when God came to avenge the oppression of the godly , which the wicked feared never to be questioned ; Because God is in the generation of the righteous . 7. Persecuting of a man for piety , were it but in jesting at a man , or mocking of him for piety , is the turning of piety , which is a mans glory , into a matter of reproach to him ; and ● means to drive him and others from seeking of God , You have shamed the counsell , or resolution of the poor , when you scorn , because he hath made God his refuge . Ver. 7. O that the salvation of Israel were come out of Sion ! when the Lord bringeth back the captivity of his people , Iacob shall rejoyce , and Israel shall be glad . The next comfort of the godly , is from the hope of Christs coming , in whom the redressing of this evill , and of all other , is to be found , for whose coming he wisheth . It is true , the sending of deliverance unto the distressed people of God in Sauls time , by bringing David to the Kingdom , was worthy to be wished for : but this could not fill up the measure of the wish here stirred up by the Spirit . Therefore we must look to the substance in Christ , in whom this wish and prayer hath full accomplishment , which in effect is , O that Christ the Saviour of Israel were come out of Sion . And this same wish closeth the fifty third Psalm also ; where salvations of Israel in the plurall number is set down , to note the perfection of salvation which cometh onely by Christ , at whom the very forme of the ●ebrew wishing doth look , as pointing at the person which shall give all sort of salvation to Israel , Who shal give ; Now there was a coming of Christ in the flesh unto Sion , foretold by the Spirit , Zech. 9.9 . and this is presupposed in this wish ; for Christ must be in Sion before he come out of it . But not by this coming were so many Israelites saved as here is wished for : not by this coming was the body of Israel brought back from captivity here prophesied . There is also Isai. 2.3 . a coming of Christ out of Sion to the Gentiles ; and this coming is presupposed here , before that Israels captivity bee loosed . There is Isai. 59.20 . compared with Rom. 11.26 . a coming out of Sion for the bringing salvation to be body of the now mis-believing Nation of the captive Israelites , lying in captivity , scattered among the Gentiles , and this is directly prayed for , and longed after in this place . O that the salvation of Israel were come out of Sion , even the time when the Lord shall bring back the captivity of his people . Paul , Rom. 11.26 . calleth this the Redeemers coming out of Sion , in regard of the time when , and the condition wherein Christ is to find the Israelites , to wit , out of Sion , out among the Gentiles , scattered among the Gentiles , to whom Christ came when hee left Iudea . And , Isaiah calleth it a coming to Sion , in respect of the benefit to be given to the Iewes , who are designed oft by Sion . Whence learne , 1. Christ is the salvation of Sion , both figuratively and properly called so , as well before he came , as after ; for here he is looked on as the Salvation of Israel , in whom all our salvation , Iewes or Gentiles , is founded . 2. Whosoever seeth him , ( from how far off soever ) he cannot chuse but long for a further manifestation of him , for perfecting of the blessednesse of his people : O that the salvation of Israel were come out of Sion ! 3. It was revealed to the Prophets , that Christ was to come to the Church of the Iewes , and from thence to manifest himselfe to the Gentiles , casting off the Israelites for a time , scattering them among the Gentiles , and then to come about again towards the Iews in their scattering and captivity , without casting off of the Gentiles ; and this last turn is in the Prophets eye , and aimed at by the Spirit , when hee wisheth that the salvation of Israel were come out of Sion . 4. It was revealed also to th● Prophets , and to David , that before the constitution of the Church of Israel should be freed from the persecution of domestick enemies , vexing the hearts of the godly , or delivered from such mens power , as are described , ver . 1 , 2 , 3. that sore plagues were to be poured out upon that people , and that the Israelites were to be driven out of their own Land , and led in captivities , as the words here , and Psalm 53.6 . do import ; for they who were to be brought back from captivity after Christs coming out of Sion unto the Gentiles , are presupposed to be in captivity , when Christ cometh to give salvation unto them . 5. Because of the large pouring out of the Spirit upon the body of the converted Iews or Israelites , when the time shall come of their turning Christians , prophesied of here , and Isai. 59.20 . and Rom. 11.25 , 26. as their mourning in repentance for the injuries done by them and their progenitors , to Jesus Christ , shall be as the mourning of Hadadrimmon , in the valley of Megiddon , Zech. 12.10 , 11. So here , joy in Jesus Christ reconciled unto them , shall be greate● then any that ever that Nation saw , whether in Davids time , or Solomons : for then the Lord shall bring back the captivity of his people , here prophesied of , to be under the time of the Gospel , ( whether by loosing their captivity bodily as wel as spiritual , whether they shall returne to their own Land or not , or what the Scripture doth speak to this purpose , this place is not for the determining of it . ) Then Iacob shall rejoyce , and Israel shall be glad , when the Saviour of Israel shal come out of Sion to them . PSAL. XV. A Psalm of David . The Prophet for distinguishing of the true members of the Church from those who were only outwardly professors , asketh of the Lord , how the one may be known from the other ? ver . 1. and receiveth answer to the question , ver . 2 , 3 , 4 , 5. Ver. 1. LOrd , who shall abide in thy Tabernacle ? who shal dwel in thy holy hill ? THe question is proponed about the marks of the sincere believers , the true Covenanters with God , the true Professors of true religion , who they are who shall not be cast out from the society of Gods true Church . Whence learne , 1. The Tabernacle pitched by Moses , and the hill of Sion , where the Tabernacle and the Temple wat at last setled , was a Type of the true Church , and of Communion with God in Christ the Mediatour , a type of God incarnate , dwelling , and exercising all his offices in his Church , and of the heavenly condition of his people called out of the world , and lifted up toward him , designed under the name of Gods Tabernacle , and Gods holy hill . 2. Some of those who professe to be of this fellowship may be thrust out from it again , and debarred from all communion with God , when other some shall remaine in this state , and not be removed . For the question is moved , What are the marks of the members of the Church invisible ? and who they are who shal abide in Gods tabernacle , and dwel in his holy hill ? 3. Only the Lord who searcheth the heart , can put the difference betweene the true and the false ; for this cause the question is proponed to God , Lord , who shall abide in thy Tabernacle ? Ver. 2 He that walketh uprightly , and worketh righteousnesse , and speaketh the truth in his heart . 3. He that backbiteth not with his tongue , nor doth evil to his neighbour , nor taketh up a reproach against his neighbour . 4. In whose eyes the vile person is contemned , but he honoureth them that fear the LORD : he that sweareth to his own hurt and changeth ●●t . 5. He that putteth not out his mony to usury , nor taketh reward against the innocent . He that doth these things , shall ●ever be moved . The Lord answereth in the rest of the Psalme , by shewing the fruits of faith manifested in obedience to Gods commands , both moral and judicial , in the sight of all men : The sincerity of which faith and truth was to be certainly knowne to God only , and to the conscience of every mans self ; which was sufficient to satisfie the question , quieting and comforting of the upright ones . Whence learne , 1. That sincere indeavour of universal obedience in a mans conversation , is a fruit and evidence of true faith , and a mark of a true member of the Church invisible , He walketh uprightly , and doth righteousnesse . 2. Another fruit of true faith , is conscience-making of what a man speaketh , ruling his tongue so , as his heart and his tongue do agree in the truth : he speaketh the truth from the heart . 3. A third fruit of unfained faith , is making conscience in all his dealings , that he harm not his neighbour , neither in his name , nor in his person , nor his goods , and making conscience not to receive readily a false report of his neighbour , when it is devised by another , Hee backbiteth not with his tongue , nor doth evil to his neighbour , nor taketh up a reproach against his neighbour . 4. A fourth fruit of sound faith , is the low estimation of any wordly excellency wherewith a wicked man can be busked ; to whom , although the godly , according to duty , will give civil honour , as his place requireth , yet hee counteth him a poor miserable man for all his honour and wealth , because hee walketh in a godlesse way : but where he seeth one that feareth God , he esteemeth highly of him in his heart , whatsoever externall expressions thereof hee find fit to give , because of the honourable way of holinesse , wherein the godly walketh ; for in his eyes a vile person is contemned , but he honoureth him that feareth the Lord. 5. A fifth fruit of sound faith , is tender respect to the Name of God , and care to keep lawful promises , covenants , and oathes , whatsoever civil inconveniences may follow upon the strict keeping of them ; Though he swear to his owne damage , he changeth not . 6. A sixth fruit and evidence of faith , is dispensing with commodity , when God by a speciall reason calleth for so doing , albeit other wayes a man might take reasonably more gaine . Many of such sort of cases do occurre in merchandise , and 〈◊〉 exacting of rents and debts , as circumstances may teach , when , and where God calleth for most moderation ; such was the judicial dispensing with commodity , put upon the Iewes for loosing the yoke of a bought servant , being a Iew , at the end of six years ; and quitting of houses and lands bought from a Iew at the yeare of Iubile , how deare soever it cost the buyer ; and not taking usury of a Iew ; wherein the Iew was priviledged above men of another Country : for in all these three particulars , it was lawfull for the Iew to doe otherwise with other country-men , to wit , in buying a servant from a stranger , and not 〈…〉 all his dayes , and buying land from a stranger of another country , and transmitting it to his own posterity , and taking usury of a stranger , according to the rate which was acknowledged on all hands to stand with equity ; which commodity if an Israelite did not dispense with toward an Israelite , it made him short of this com●endation of the true Israelite , who putteth not his money to usurie . 7. The seventh fruit and evidence of faith , is freedome from briberie , with love of justice , which the believer wil not pervert , to the detriment of the man who hath a good cause , for whatsoever bud or reward man can give him . This is the upright mans last property , He taketh not a reward against the innocent . Having numbred out the evidences of a sound convert and true believer , who shal never be thrust out of Gods fellowship , he concludeth , That whosoever doth these things , or studieth to do them , shall never be moved . That is , hee that shal evidence his faith in God , by a sincere indeavour to doe the duties of the first and second table of Gods Law , shall not be removed from Gods house , but shall abide in his Tabernacle , and dwell in Sion , in the fellowship of God and his Saints for ever . PSAL. XVI . Michtam of David . David in this Psalm , finding himself in the state of grace , prayeth for preservation in general , in relation unto all dangers , and evils of body and soul , and whatsoever other evill , from which a godly man , with allowance of Gods word might pray to be preserved . His only reason to assure himself to be heard , is because he had gotten grace to trust in God. The sincerity of which faith in God , he proveth by sundry evidences , ver . 1 , 2 , 3 , 4. In the second place he climbeth up to the comfort and joy of believing ; And all the grounds of joy whereupon he goeth , do serve both to confirme his faith , and to give him assurance of the granting of his prayer , ver . 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11. Ver. 1. PReserve me , O GOD : for in thee do I put my trust . HE findeth himself in a good condition , and all the prayers he prayeth , is in one word , for preservation . Whence learn , 1. As our being , living , and moving natural , and our bringing into the spiritual and blessed estate of grace , is of the Lord , so is our keeping therein of the Lord also , and our duty is to acknowledg God in both , and to live unto , and pray for his upholding of us , and not to leane upon our owne wisdome , strength , or holinesse ; For David teacheth so to doe . Preserve me , O God. 2. The grace of God having granted to us lively faith , setled on God , is a sufficient ground of our hope , and assurance to persevere , and to be still preserved , for this is the reason whereby David confirmeth his prayer , For in thee doe I put my trust . Ver. 2. O my soul , thou hast said unto the Lord , Thou art my Lord : my goodnesse extendeth not to thee : 3. But to the saints that are in the earth , and to the excellent , in whom is all my delight . Because he hath made his faith in God , the reason of his hope of perseverance , and of his having his prayer granted , he proveth the sincerity of his faith by five Evidences or fruits thereof . Whence learn , 1. The first solid evidence of the sincerity of saving Faith , is the testimony of the conscience , bearing witnesse to a man , that he hath layd hold on the covenant of grace , and hath chosen God for his protectour , and master , and that he is resolved to depend upon God , and to serve him , as David did , saying , O my soul , thou hast said unto the Lord , thou art my Lord. 2. Another evidence of the sincerity of faith , is renunciation of all confidence in a mans owne works , and the rejecting of all conceit of any possibility of merit at Gods hand , who cannot be profited by our goodnesse ; for we have what we have of him , and can never put an obligation on him by any thing which we can doe . My goodnesse doth not extend to thee . 3. A third fruit and evidence of faith , is love and kindnesse to the godly , and bestowing of our own goods for supplying their need , joyned with a high estimation of their preciousnesse , above the godlesse world , and with pleasure taking in their fellowship : so reckoneth the prophet , saying , My goodnesse extendeth not to thee , but to the Saints that are on the earth , and to the excellent , in whom is all my delight : where , by the way , let us observe , He knew no saints to whom he could be profitable , save only the Saints who are upon the earth . Ver. 4. Their sorrowes shal be multiplied , that hasten after another god : their drink-offerings of bloud will I not offer , nor take up their names into my lips . A fourth fruit and evidence of faith , is , the hating of false religion , and counting all followers of idolatry , or worship of another god , then the true God , to be accursed ; such a hating of false religion as is accompanied with the discountenancing , open discrediting , and abhorring of all idol service , as David expresseth here in the whole verse . Whence learne , 1. Men as they are naturally averse from following the true God , and the true religion ; so are they naturally bent to all idolatry , and zealous in following idols , and any false religion . They hasten after another god .. 2. The more men do hasten after felicity , in the way of idolatry , they have the worse speede . For their sorrowes shall be multiplied that hasten after another God. 3. The more madly the world runne after idolatry , the more should the faithful man testifie his abominating thereof , as David doth . Their drink-offerings of blood will I not offer , nor take up their names into my lips . He cannot speak of them without disdaine . Ver. 5. The Lord is the portion of mine inheritance and of my cup : thou maintainest my lot . A fifth fruit and evidence of faith in God , is delight , and satisfaction in , and resting on God , as all-sufficient for the believers compleat happinesse , as the whole verse holdeth forth . Whence learne , 1. The believer hath as sure right unto God , as any man hath to the patrimony whereunto he is born ; or any Tribe ever had to his share in the Land of Canaan . T●● Lord is the portion of his inheritance . 2. The Lord is the believers lot and share ▪ when the world are seeking , some one , some another temporal good ; The Lord , and the light of his countenance , is the believers compleat good ; whatsoever measure of earthly things is given to the godly beside , Levi's portion is his portion . The Lord is the portion of his inheritance . 3. The Lord is the believers livelihood , and the furnisher of his daily bread , He is the portion of his cup. 4. The Lord giveth himselfe to the believer for his felicity , as he also maintaineth the believer in the right unto , and possession of himself : Hee maintaineth his lot : and so , as the believer cometh to his right he hath unto God , not by his owne purchase , but by spirituall birth-right , as a child of Christ by faith , or by free donation of this inheritance , received of God by faith ; so he may claim to God , and enjoy the possession of God , as firmly as his inheritance ; as fully as if God were his particular property and portion ; as sweetly as his daily food , and the portion of his domestick cup : and with as great quietnesse and security , as the immediate vassal of the mightiest Monarch , being willing , able , and ingaged most deeply to maintain his lot . Ver. 6. The lines are fallen unto me in pleasant places ; yea , I have goodly heritage . In the second place he climbeth up to the joy of faith , arising from the certaine perswasion , and present sense of his being in the state of grace ; The reasons or grounds of his joy are six , The first reason of his joy , is founded upon the properties and self-sufficiency of God , compared to a goodly and pleasant heritage , which wanteth no commodity within it self . Whence learn , 1. Pleasure and profit , and all commodities of life are abundantly to be found in God ; & whatsoever can be represented by any goodly heritage , lying in most pleasant places , is but a shadow of what is to be found in him , as the comparison taken from lower things here importeth . 2. The more the believer considereth what the Lord is , and what are his perfections , and what is the believers own interest in God , the more is he satisfied , and ravished in the beholding of God , and his owne felicity in him . No wonder therefore if David say , for the measuring out of this share to him , that his lines are fallen out to him in pleasant places , &c. 3. The believer hath liberty to appropriate God in a manner to himselfe , and in comparison with the share of the worldlings , to preferre his own portion above all ot●●rs : This doth David , when he calleth God his own pleasant places , and his own heritage . Ver. 7. I will blesse the Lord who hath given me counsel : my reins also instruct me in the night season . The second reason and ground of joy , is because God hath perswaded him to believe in the Messiah , or Christ to come , as is clear by the next verse , and that God has taken the directing of him ▪ Whence learn , 1. As it is the work of God only , to give effectuall counsel to any man to believe in Christ ; So also the way of perswasion of a soul to trust in God , is a way of working , proper onely to God ; for it maketh the man so free an agent , in the act of believing , as if Gods work were counsel only , and the work of active perswasion so invincible , as the work is effectually wrought , and infallibly : for he calleth the bestowing of saving faith , or grace to consent to the covenant of grace , a giving counsel : He hath given me counsel . 2. The glory of trusting in God , is not a matter of gloriation of the believer , in his own disposing of himself , but a matter of thanksgiving to God , and glorifying of him , who giveth the counsel to believe , and maketh the counsel to him effectual : For David saith , I will blesse the Lord who hath given me counsel , to wit , effectually ; for faith is not of our selfe , it is the gift of God , wherein flexanimous power and voluntary consent are sweetly joyned together . 3. This mercy of powerfully perswading a soul to make choice of God , to close in covenant with him , and to trust in him , doth put a perpetuall obligation of thanksgiving unto God upon the believer , to make him say in all time coming and for ever , I will blesse the Lord , who hath given me counsel . 4. With the gift of saving faith , or perswasive counsel to believe in God , is joyned the sweet guiding and directing of the Lords Spirit , how to order the wayes of the believer : For here instruction of him in the night season , is joyned with the former mercy , and is made a reason of thanksgiving , and blessing of God. For he addeth , My reins also shall instruct me in the night season . 5. The framing of the will , desire , appetite , affections , inclinations , thoughts , and secret meditations , is so inward , secret and deep a work , as the Spirit of God thinks good to expresse this his giving discretion secretly to David , in the terms of the teaching of the reins , because they are the hiddest parts of the body , and nearest to the back of any of the inward noble parts ; and because of the nature of the reins , which have much affinity with the affections , and have for their office the discretive purging of the blood , the natural furniture of life , My reins also instruct me in the night season . Ver. 8. I have set the Lord alwayes before me : because he is at my right hand , I shall not be moved . The third reason , and ground of joy , is the gift of the grace of God , making him alwayes keep his eye ( for getting assistance , direction , and comfort ) to good purpose , upon Jesus Christ , the Lord , of whom this place is exponed Act. 2.25 . Whence learn , 1. The duty of the believer , and the way for him to have and retain joy in the Lord , is to fix the eye of faith alwaies , in all estates , on the Mediator , the promised Messiah , the Lord Jesus , for direction , assistance , comfort , and delivery . For this was Davids way , I have set the Lord alway before my face . 2. Such as implore Jesus Christ for all things in all estates , shall be sure to have his effectuall presence neer hand to help him in time of need . For he is at such a mans right hand , at all times . 3. Faith , kept in excercise by employing of Jesus Christ , may have assurance of perseverance , and enjoying constantly the state of grace : what-ever alterations , and commotions come , their state shall stand fixed ; they shall stand in grace ; for upon this ground the Prophet saith , I shall never be moved . Ver. 9. Therefore my heart is glad , and my glory rejoyceth ; my flesh also shall rest in hope . A fourth reason of joy abounding in his heart , and breaking forth in his words , is his victory over death , and the grave , by faith in Jesus Christ. Whence learn , 1. Faith in Christ is able not only to give peace that passeth understanding , but also to fill the heart with joy , and to make the tongue , which is a mans glory , above all other creatures , sometime to break forth in expressions of joy ; for therefore saith he , my heart is glad , and my glory rejoyceth . 2. So great victory over death and the grave , is gotten by faith in Jesus Christ , that a believer can lay down his body in the grave , as in a bed , to rest it there , in hope of the resurrection ; and here an instance and example for it . My flesh also shall rest in hope . Ver. 10. For thou wilt not leave my soul in hell , neither wilt thou suffer thine holy One to see corruption . The first reason of his joy , is the assurance of the resurrection of Jesus Christ his head , through whom he hopeth to be raised in his own order and time . Whence learn , 1. A believer is so nearly joyned with Christ , that he may give to him the styles of what is nearest and dearest to him , and call him his very life and soul , as here David saith of Christ , who behoved to rise again , Act. 2.25 . Thou wilt not leave my soul , or my life in grave : and by this means he also is assured of his own resurrection in due time ; for our life and soul is bound up in Christ : Our life is hid with God in Christ , specially in respect of that wherein he standeth in our room , such as his suffering , rising , reigning as our Surety and Atturney . 3. The body of Christ not onely was to rise from the dead , but also could not so much as putrifie in the grave : For of Christ he saith , Thou wilt not suffer thy holy One to see corruption . V. 11. Thou wilt shew me the path of life : in thy presence there is life , at thy right hand there are pleasures for evermore . The last ground and reason of his joy , is the assurance he hath of blessednesse and of eternall life : Whence learn , 1. The believer who is fixed by faith on Christ , may be assured of his perseverance in the way leading to life : Thou wilt shew me the way to life : that is , thou wilt point out the way that I should walk in , thou wilt go alongst with me , and make me effectually finde thy help , to walk in it . 2. The fruition of Gods immediate presence is not like the joyes of this world , which neither do feed nor fill a man : but when we shall enjoy Gods presence fully , we shall have full contentment , and compleat felicitie : For in his presence is fulnesse of joy . And the felicity of believers is not like the pleasures of this world , which passe away suddenly as a dream : but it endureth for ever : At his right hand are pleasures for evermore . PSAL. XVII . A Prayer of David . This Psalm , according to the Inscription thereof , is a Prayer of David , mixed with sundry reasons for helping : wherein first , he craveth in generall justice in the controversie between him and his oppressors . ver . 1 , 2 , 3 , 4. Secondly , more specially , he requesteth for a wise carriage of himself under this exercise , ver . 5.6 . Thirdly , prayeth for protection & preservation from his enemies , ver . 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12. Fourthly , for disappointment to his enemies , and for delivery of himself from them , ver . 13.14 . and closeth comfortably in confidence of a good answer , and hope of satisfactory happinesse , ver . 15. Ver. 1. HEar the right , O Lord , attend unto my cry , give ear unto my prayer that goeth not out of feigned lips . 2. Let my sentence come forth from thy presence : let thine eyes behold the things that are equall . 3. Thou hast proved mine heart , thou hast visited me in the night , thou hast tryed me and shalt finde nothing ; I am purposed that my mouth shall not transgresse . 4. Concerning the works of men , by the word of thy lips I have kept me from the paths of the Destroyer . The first part of the prayer is unto God , as a righteous Judge , to hear his plaint , and to decide in his favour , according to his just cause , and righteous carriage in relation to his enemies : Whence learne , 1. As righteous men are subject unto injuries and oppressions , as well as others are , and are driven by trouble to seek relief of God , as , in this case ; it is a speciall comfort , to have God a righteous judge to hear them , and a righteous cause to bring before him , that the man may say , Hear the right , O Lord. 2. The conscience of earnest and honest dealing with God , in the singlenesse of our heart in prayer , is a good reason to helpe our faith in prayer , when wee may say , We cry , and pray , not with feigned lips . 3. When wee are unjustly condemned by men , we may appeale to God , and call the appellation , and seek and expect a more just sentence pronounced and executed by God. We may say , Let my sentence come forth from thy presence . 4 Although men cast out our true defences , which we make against false Libels , and doe not respect equity ; yet God will take notice of the whole processe his eyes will behold things that are equal . 2. Sincerity of heart giveth boldnesse to a man to present himselfe to God , to be examined , after that the conscience in its private tryall of the mans carriage toward the adversary , hath in the sight of God absolved him ; as here the Prophet , in relation to his carriage toward the oppressor , doth speak to God , ●hou hast tryed me in the night , and hast found nothing . 6. Sincerity of carriage for time by-past , must be joyned with a purpose of sincerity in time coming , that he may say with David , in relation to his part , I am purposed that my mouth shall not transgresse ; that is , not to speak a wrong word against him . 7. Naturall mens manner of dealing , when they are injured , is to recompense evill for evill . For the works of men are to follow the paths of the destroyer . 8. There is no way to keep the children of God from these paths of the destroyer , when they are provoked to injuries , except in the fear of God , they look to what Gods word directeth them to doe . Thus did David escape an ill course , when his nature might have tempted him to it . By the words of thy lips have I kept me from the paths of the destroyer . Ver. 5. Hold up my goings in thy paths , that my footsteps slip not . 6. I have called upon thee , for thou wilt hear me , O God : incline thine ear unto me , and hear my speech . The second part of the prayer , wherein he requesteth for grace to be kept still in a righteous and holy way ; Whence learne , 1. The most holy man , though he have stood fast formerly , is most feared to offend , and most suspicious of himselfe , and most earnest with God to be holden up , that he fall not in time to come ; and giveth all the glory of his standing in a good cause , unto God , as is evidently holden forth in this petition of David , Hold up my goings in thy paths , that my footsteps slip not . 2. The best way to have deliverance from , and victory over adversaries , is to keep a straight course of carriage in the fear of God , Going in Gods paths , that is , as God hath prescribed our way in his word . 3. Our prayer should be such , and so put up , as we may be sure to be heard ; and when we have prayed unto God , according to his will , we may be confident of a good answer with David , That he will incline his ear , and hear our speech . 4. Confidence to be heard , 〈…〉 our hands in prayer , but hearten us to p●ay , as this example ●eache●● us . Ver. 7. Shew thy marvellous loving kindnesse , O thou that savest by thy right hand , them which put their trust in thee , from those that rise up against them . 8. Keep me as the Apple of the eye : hide me under the shadow of thy wings . The third part of his prayer , is , for a mercifull protection , and preservation from his enemies . Whence learne , 1. The Beleever must hold his eye in time of dangers and straits , especially upon Gods good will and kindnesse , as a counter-balance of all the malice of men : and here , though his straits were never so great , he shall read a possibility of wonders for his delivery , as here is seen ; Shew thy marvellous loving kindnesse , O Lord. Beside common favors , God hath other mercies in keeping for his own , and those are marked even with some wonderfulnesse , either in the time , or manner , or measure , or mean , or some other respect . 2. The Lords power and his office of Saviourship , and his constant manner of dealing for beleevers , are the pillars of the perswasion of help to be had in God. So reasons David , saying , O thou that savest with thy right hand them which put their trust in thee : for Gods Nature , Christs Office , and his manner of dealing , are equivalent to promises , when they are looked unto by a beleever . 3. Such as trouble unjustly them , of whom the Lord hath taken the maintenance , do in a sort engage God to be their , party , and to defend his servants , for they rise up against not only Gods servants , but against God , who saveth by his right hand . 4. The care God hath of his poor children , that depend upon him , is unspeakable ; and the tender love he beareth unto them , no one similitude can expresse , as plurality of similitudes joyned here , doe give evidence ; for Gods care of them is comparable to mans care of the apple of his eye ; Gods love to them is comparable to the love of the Bird-mother toward her young ones , whom she warmeth , and hideth under the shadow of her wings . O wonderfull goodnesse , and wisedom of God , who admitteth himselfe to be compared to such low similitudes , that he might lift up our faith above all objections of mis-belief . Ver. 9. From the wicked that oppresse me , from my daily enemies , who compasse me about . 10. They are enclosed in their own fat : with their mouth they speak proudly . 11. They have now compassed us in our steps , they have set their eyes bowing down to the earth . 12. Like as a Lion that is greedy of his prey , and as it were a young Lion lurking in secret places . The reason of his prayer , is taken from the deadly malice of his enemies , v. 9. from their pride , v. 10. from their confidence , v. 11. from their beastly cruelty , v. 12. Whence learn , 1. The enemies of Gods people are ordinarily wicked , oppressors , deadly enemies to them , proud of their wealth and power , boasters , crafty Foxes , cruel Lions : and the more of these evils doe break forth against Gods people , the more should the dangers be layd before God ; not for information of him , but for the exoneration of our griefs , tentations , fears and dangers before God , and laying of our care upon him : and so much the more also is vengeance on the enemie , and the delivery of the godly near hand ; and hopes of answering the prayers put up against them , are the more made certain , as the use of the wickednesse of the enemy made by the Prophet here doth teach . Ver. 13. Arise , O Lord , disappoint him , cast him down : deliver my soul from the wicked which is thy Sword : 14 From men which are thy hand , O Lord , from men of the world , which have their portion in this life , and whose belly thou fillest with thy hid treasure : they are ful of children , and leave the rest of their substance to their babes . The Fourth part of the prayer is , for frustrating the intention of the enemy , and setting the supplicant free from the danger . Whence learn , 1. When danger is most nigh , God is more nigh , and he can shortly interpose himself , to the overturning of the designe of the enemy , and to the ruine of the enemy himselfe : he can quickly arise , and disappoint him , and cast him down . 2. The power of the enemy standeth in the Lords imploying of him ; he cannot strike , except God strike by him ; therefore he is called Gods sword . 3. The shortest way to be safe from what the wicked can doe , is prayer to God , to over-rule him . Therefore saith David , Deliver my soul from the wicked , which is thy sword . 4. The Lord ordinarily for execution of wrath , and for hard tryals , and troubles of the godly , doth in his providence make use of the wicked ; Deliver me , saith he , from men which are thy hand . 5. The wicked neither have , nor doe seek any felicity , but what may be had in this life , they are men of this world , and have their portion in this life , they need look for no more good then they finde in the world , and that is , a poor , and sorry happinesse . 6. The belly full of sensuall lust , and rarest dishes , and best meats which Gods store-house can afford , is the height of the happinesse of a poor rich worlding . In his own person , it is all that God giveth him for his portion , and which the Fool hath chosen , even the filling of his belly with Gods hid treasure , or of some rare meat , which meaner people cannot have , and therefore it is called Gods hid treasure . 7. All the felicity which the worldling can have , in the point of honour and riches to himselfe , and his posterity , is worldly wealth while he liveth , and a number of children to enjoy his wealth after him ; whether they shall live and inherit it , whether they shall prove wise men or fools , he knoweth not ; this is his all ; for in Gods favour he hath no interest ; heaven he hath nothing to doe with ; and at the best , They are full of children , and leave the rest of their substance to their babes . Ver. 15. As for me , I will behold thy face in righteousnesse : I shall be satisfied , when I awake , with thy likenesse . He closeth his prayer comfortably , with the hope of true felicity in fellowship with God. Whence learne , 1. In the midst of whatsoever worldly trouble ●●e godly can be in , his hope is far better then the worldly mans possession ; and the Prophet here , for this cause doth preferre his present condition , being in danger daily of his life , to all his enemies prosperity , saying , by way of opposition , As for me , I will behold thy face . 2. The injoying of the presence , and sense of the loving kindnesse of the Lord , is the felicity of the godly , in that measure they attain it ; the hope whereof upholds the beleevers heart in the darkest times of trouble . As for me , saith he , I will behold thy face . 3. The enjoying of God is proper only unto the man justified by Faith , and endeavouring to live righteously ; and it is righteousnesse with God , that such a man be brought to the enjoying of his hope . I will behold thy face in righteousnesse , saith he . 4. There is a sleep of deadnesse of spirit , out of which the shining of Gods loving countenance doth awake a beleever , and revive the spirit of the contrite ones ; and there is a sleep of death bodily , out of which the loving kindnesse of the Lord shall awake all his own , in the day of the resurrection , when he shall so change them into the similitude of his own holinesse and glorious felicity , as they shall be fully contented for ever ▪ and this first and second delivery out of all trouble , may every believer expect and promise to himselfe . I shal be satisfied , when I awake , with thy likenesse . PSAL. XVIII . To the chief Musician , A Psalm of David , the servant of the Lord , who spake unto the Lord the words of this song , in the day that the Lord delivered him from the hand of all his enemies , and from the hand of Saul . And he said . David in this Psalme , as a Type of Christ , and fellow partaker of the sufferings of Christ in his mistical members , and of deliveries and victories over his and their enemies , being now setled in the Kingdom , praiseth God for his marvellous mercies ; and as a Type of Christ , he prophesieth of the enlargement , & stability of his own Kingdome , and of Christs Kingdome , represented thereby ; and first obligeth himself thankfully to depend upon God , whatsoever enemies he shal have to deale with , ver . 1 , 2 , 3. Secondly he giveth a reason of his resolution , from the experience of the Lords delivering of him out of his deepest distresses , ver . 4 , 5. to ver . 19. Thirdly , He amplifieth this mercy , acknowledging that this was a fruit of his faith , & righteous dealing with his party adversary ; the like whereof every believer might expect , as well as he for time coming , by reason of this his by-gon large experience , from ver . 20. to v. 30. Fourthly he praiseth God in particular , for the experience he hath had in time by-gon in warfare , and victories in battel , to ver . 43. Fifthly , As a Type of Christ , he promiseth to himself the enlargement of his own Kingdom , and prophesieth of the enlargment of Christs Kingdom among the Gentiles , for which he praiseth God unto the end of the Psalme , ver 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50. In the inscription , he telleth the time , and occasion of his writing of this Song , Whence learn , 1. That after long trouble , the Lord wil give his children rest at last , one way or other , and delivery from all their enemies , as here is given to David from Saul and all his enemies . 2. When the Believer getteth relaxation from trouble , he should set himself to glorifie God for his delivery , and give evidence of his thankfulnesse , as David doth in penning of this Song , when God delivered him . 3. It is a greater honor to be a real servant of the Lord in any calling , then to have the honour of being a King , not being his servant : so esteemed David when he made this Inscription , A Psalm of David , the servant of the Lord. Ver. 1. I Will love thee , O Lord , my strength . 2. The Lord is my rock , and my fortresse , and my deliverer : my God , my strength , in whom I wil trust , my buckler ▪ and the horn of my salvation , and my high tower . 3. I wil call upon the Lord , who is worthy to be praised : so shal I be saved from mine enemies . IN the first part of the Psalme , he setleth his resolution yet more to love God , to believe in him , and to worship him still in all difficulties , knowing by experience , this to be the way to be saved from all his enemies . Whence learne , 1. The chiefe fruit of faith ▪ and end of Gods mercies to us , is to grow in estimation of , and affection towards God : for so doth David , saying , I will love thee , O Lord. 2. Whatsoever a believer hath ●eede of that will the Lord supply ; that wil the Lord be himselfe unto him according to his need , as here he is Davids strength in weaknesse ; his rock of refuge , when he is pursued ; his fortresse , when besieged ; and his deliverer when in extreme danger . 3. Experience of the Lords faithfulnesse , and kindnesse to us , should confirme us in the covenant of grace , and strengthen our resolution to believe in him : for upon this account David calleth the Lord , My God , my strength , in whom I will trust . 4. When the believer is yoaked in fight with whatsoever adversary , he shall be sure to have defence in it , delivery out of it , and preservation after it . Therefore doth David glory in God , as a Buckler to be opposed to all blowes , and throwes of darts from adversaries , as the horn of his salvation , powerfully fighting for his delivery and victory : And as his high Tower , whence he might look downe , and despise all the wit , malice , and power of his enemies . 5. Prayer and invocation of God , should be alwayes joyned with praises and thanksgiving , and used as a means , whereby faith may extract the good which it knoweth is in God , and of which he hath made promise , I wil call upon the Lord who is worthy to be praised . 6. Delivery , safety , and peace may the believer expect , as the answer of his invocation upon God. So shall I be safe from mine enemy . Ver. 4. The sorrowes of death compassed me , and the flouds of ungodly men made me afra●● ▪ 5. The sorrowes of hell compass●●● about : the snares of death prevented me . In the second part , he bringeth forth his experience , whereby he was encouraged unto the foresaid duties . Whence learne , 1. Although the word of God be infinitely sure , and true in it selfe , yet experience of the truth thereof , helpeth much to strengthen our griping thereof , and to cherish hope , as here is declared . 2. The believer in his exercise , may be put hard to it , and brought in sight of apparent perishing of soul and body ; while men seek his life , God for a time hideth his face : for David felt deadly fears , and extreme torment of soule , even the sorrows of death , the sorrowes of hell , and the snares of death preventing him , that he could not get free from them . Ver. 6. In my distresse I called upon the Lord , and cried unto my God : he heard my voice out of his temple , and my cry came before him , even into his ears ▪ He hath set down the strait he was in , now he setteth downe the mean he used to be relieved , to wit , prayer to God , as in covenant with him ; and how he was mercifully heard through Christ. Whence learne , 1. No strait is such , but God can ●eliver out of it , no case is so desperate , as to make prayer needlesse or uselesse : for David saith in his deepest distresse , I called on the Lord. 2. It is necessary not to give over , when help is delayed ; yea , it is necessary to grow more fervent , and for this end to lay hold on the covenant of reconciliation , and upon God in covenant with us : for hee addeth , I cried to my God. 3. By vertue of Christs sacrifice , and his intercession , notice is taken of prayer graciously , and answer cometh to the believer ; for he addeth , He heard my voice out of his temple , and my cry came before him , even unto his ears ; He pointeth at the Temple , in regard of the Ark , and other figures representing Christ in his intercession for us in heaven . Ver 7. Then the earth shook and trembled ; the foundations also of the hils moved and were shaken , because he was wroth . 8. There went up a smoak out of his nostrils , and fire out of his mouth devoured , coles were kindled by it . 9. He 〈◊〉 the heavens also , and came downe : and darknesse was under his feet . 10. And he rode upon a cherub , and di● flie : yea , he did flie upon the wings of the wind 11. He made darknesse his secret place : his pavilion round about him , were dark waters , and thick clouds of the skies . 12. At the brightnesse that was bef●re him , his thick clouds passed , hail-stones and coales of fire . 13. The Lord also thundred in the heavens , and the Highest gave his voice , hail-stones and coals of fire . 14. Yea , he sent out his arrowes , and scattered them , and he shot out lightnings , and discomfited them . 15. Then the chanels of waters were seene , and the foundations of the world were discovered : at thy rebuke O LORD , at the blast of the breath of thy nostrils . The manner of his delivery is set down in comparative speeches , alluding to the most glorious manifestations which eve● God gave of himselfe , in Mount Sinai , or in the dayes of Ioshua , or in the dayes of the Iudges , or Samuel , all which glorious manifestations of God to his people , David esteemeth to be re-acted in the wonderfulnesse of his delivery ; so as he thinks he may justly compare the wonders shewn in his preservation from his enemies , to any of , or to all Gods former wonders , in saving his people . Whence learne , 1. Although our natural stupidity , unbeliefe , and enmity against God , do extenuate the works of Gods providence about his children ; yet the believer should look upon them with a spiritual , and discerning eye , and should so set them forth to others , as David doth here . 2. The most sensible mutations in heaven and earth , are not so observed by the blind world , as a soul illuminate with spiritual light wil observe Gods spiritual providence in his works towards his people , and toward himselfe , as here Davids example doth shew . 3. The history of the Lords redeeming of his Church , set down in Scripture , and by David alluded unto , may be seen in Gods particular dealing with his children , as very like to the same , and as appendicles of the same work repeated . This is imported in Davids re-calling to memory what is said , Exod. 9.23 , 24. and 9.18 . Iosh. 10.11 . Iudg. 5.4 . 1 Sam. 12.18 . concerning the Lords manifesting of himselfe . 4. The terriblenesse of God coming to judge his enemies , is a matter of consolation to the believer , and of praise to God : as here is set down . Ver. 16. He sent from above , he tooke me , he drew me out of many waters . 17. He del●vered me from my strong enemy , and from them which hated me : for they were too strong for me . 18. They prevented me in the day of my calamnity : but the Lord was my stay . 19. Hee brought me forth also into a large place : he delivered me , because he delighted in me . Now he draweth forth his delivery in lower comparisons , and more proper words , for the more cleare capacity of the Church ; to wit , that God delivered him as one in perill of drowning , ver . 16. As helping a weak man from a strong party , ver . 17. As upholding a man circumvented , and ready to fall and fail , ver . 18. And setting a man free from all danger , ver . 19. Whence learn , 1. Our weaknesse in the time of our delivery , commendeth Gods power , as Davids delivery is magnified , because it was as a drawing of him out of many waters , where he was like to drown . 2. Whether God use means or not in our deliveries , the work must ever be ascribed to him alone . He sent from above , and took me out . 3. Power of adversaries wil not hinder Gods helping hand ; he can , and doth usually deliver his own from them that are too strong for them . 4. A soul sensible of Gods merciful worke , cannot satisfie it selfe with expressions about it . And as many new considerations as a believer hath of the circumstances of a mercy , as many new mercies doth he see ; therefore is it that David repeateth the same worke of deliverance in moe and moe new expressions , and cannot expresse himself in one word , with satisfaction to himselfe . 5. When a man is inclosed , and prevented from escaping out of trouble , faith would faile , and then despaire should follow , if God did not interpose himselfe , and did not furnish strength in this difficulty . David being thus circumvented , saith , But the Lord was my stay . 6. The Lord doth not leave his work about his owne , til he perfect it , but he compleateth their delivery ere he cease , and doth crown his mercy with joy : To express this , David saith , He brought me forth also into a large place Ver. 19 Hee brought me forth also into a large place : he delivered me , because he delighted in me . 20. The Lord rewarded me according to my righteousnesse : according to the cleannesse of my hands hath he recompensed me . 21 For I have kept the wayes of the Lord , and have not wickedly departed from my God. 22 For all his judgments were before me : and I did not put away his Statutes from me . 23. I was also upright before him : and I kept my selfe from mine iniquity . 24. Therefore hath the Lord recompensed me according to my righteousnesse , according to the righteousnesse of my hands in his eye sight . The third part of the Psalme , wherein he goeth on to amplifie mercy sundry waies , and first from the cause of it , which is the meer good will and love of God. Whence learn , 1. That the cause of any mercy shewn to us , is not to be found in us , but in Gods free love , He delivered me , because he delighted in me . 2. The beliefe of Gods love sweetneth and commendeth the mercy exceedingly : The delivery here is great , but this word , because he delighted in me , is far more sweet , verse 20. There is another point of amplifying the mercy of his preservation and delivery , in the clearing of his innocency ▪ and freeing of ' him from the slanders of ungratitude , rebellion , treachery against his Father in law , and his Prince , which was the fruit of another grace of God , given unto him , to wit , righteousnesse and innocency , in relation to his enemies , ver . 20. and a study to keep Gods commands , ver . 21. and the feare of God fastening him to Gods Statutes , ver . 22. and sincere and tender walking with God , and watching over the sin which did most beset him , ver . 23. where his delivery from his enemies , and clearing his innocency from calumnies , was a gracious reward , ver . 24. Whence learn , 1. In a good cause , it is necessary we have a good carriage , lest we marre our cause , and our comfort also : For David studied righteousnesse and cleannesse of hands , in relation to his enemies , when he was most unjustly persecuted . 2. A godly behaviour in a good cause shall not want the fruit : For the free love of God rewarded David according to his righteousnesse . 3. The conscience of a godly behaviour in time of persecution , is twice profitable : once under the trial and trouble , it doth support : againe , after the delivery , the looking back upon it , doth comfort , as here is shewne . 4. As we should at all times take heede to our conversation , so in special , when by persecution we are troubled for a good cause : For now we are upon the trial of our faith , patience , wisdome , and other graces , as David was : and should do as he doth here . 5. We have special rules of good behaviour set down in Davids example ; first , we must be sure to follow such wayes , as Gods word doth allow , that wee may say , I have kept the wayes of the Lord. Secondly , if in our infirmity we be miscarried at any time , we must not persist in a wrong course , but return to the way of Gods obedience , That we may say ▪ I have not wickedly departed from my God , neither in the point of belief , nor practical obedience . Thirdly , we must set all the commands of God , and his written judgments before us , to be observed , one as well as another , and must have respect to Gods threatned , and executed judgments also , that we may say with David , All his judgments were before mee . and I did not put away his statutes from mee . Fourthly , We must study sincerity in our carriage , doing good actions well from right principles , and for the right end , that we may say , I was also upright before him . Fifthly , We must keepe strict watch over our wicked nature , and most raging passions and affections , lest they break out ; that our conscience may not contradict us , when we say , I have kept my selfe from mine iniquity . 6. It is wisdome to joyne one mercy with onother , in our reckoning , that we may say that we have gotten grace for grace , as David doth acknowledge , That as God had given to him grace to study righteousnesse and innocency , so had he recompensed him according to his righteousnesse . 7. When the world would bur● our innocency with slanders , it is lawful and expedient to defend our own good name , and to speak and write in defence of it , as David doth here . Ver. 25. With the merciful thou wilt shew thy selfe merciful , with an upright man thou wilt shew thy selfe upright . 26. With the pure thou wilt shew thy self pure , and with the froward thou wilt shew thy self froward . 27. For thou wilt save the afficted people : but wilt bring downe high looks . From his owne experience he draweth up a general doctrine , concerning the Lords holy , just , and wise manner of dealing with all men , according to their carriage towards him . Whence learne , 1. The experiences which any of the Saints have , of the effects of Gods word , are proofs of the certainty of Gods promises and threatnings , and pawns of the like effects to follow unto others ; For here David draweth a general doctrine from his particular experience . 2. As a man would have a meeting from God , so must he study to behave himselfe toward God and man , for Gods cause ; for with the bountifull , merciful , upright , and pure , he will deal accordingly . 3. Who●ever shall walke contrary unto God , and strive with him ; or will not submit themselves unto him , he shall walke contrary unto them , and punish them seven times more , because of their stubbornesse ; for toward the froward he will shew himself froward . 4. Asbeit the godly be for a while afflicted , and the wicked do prosper , yet after the affliction of the godly , salvation shall come to them ; and after the prosperity , vaine and proud gloriation of the wicked , their destruction shall follow , For he will save the afflicted people , but will bring downe high looks . Ver. 28. For thou wilt light my candle , the Lord my God will enlighten my darkness . From by-gon experience he strengthens his own hope of further experience thereafter , as need should require . Whence learn , 1. Beleevers being delivered out of many by-gon troubles , must not promise to themselves exemption from new troubles hereafter , but rather make themselves ready for new exercise , and more sad passages of Gods dispensations towards them . For Davaid presupposeth here , that he may , yea , and that he shall be thereafter in darknesse , and want for a while the Candle light of consolation . 2. As the godly man may expect crosses , so may he be sure also of as many consolations , and sweet seasonings of his troubles ▪ and deliverances out of them ; so that he may say , both before trouble come , and in the midst of it , The Lord will light my Candle , and my God will enlighten my darknesse . Ver. 29. For by thee I have run through a troup : and by my God have I leaped over a wall . Here is another part of his experience , concerning his victories and good successe in battel , the glory whereof he ascribes altogether to God. Whence learne , 1. Although the courage , valour and successe of all souldiers is from the Lord , yet only the beleever doth give God the glory thereof , as David here . 2. Naturall courage , and whatsoever measure a man may have of it , now and then , may faint and fail altogether , when it meeteth with very strong opposition ; But the spirituall courage which is from Faith , is from a more sure ground , and will not faile , when faith setteth it on , whatsoever be the apparent difficulty : for by Faith in God David was made to run through a troupe , or leap ov●r a wall into a Town , full of his enemies , with assurance of victory . Ver. 30. As for God , his way is perfect : the word of the Lord is tryed : he is a Buckler to all those that trust in him . 31. For who is God , save the Lord ? or who is a rock , save our God ? The Fourth part of the Psalme , wherein he praiseth the Lord expresly , for what he had found in him ; and in this he is a speciall type of Christ , in his conquest and victories . The reasons of his praysing , are four , set down in order . Whence learn , 1. The constant , equable , and old way of Gods dealing with those that beleeve in him , is a matter of Gods praise ; and a reason why the experience of one beleever may be a ground of hope for another , to finde the like , because it is said here , As for God , his way is perfect . This is one reason of his praise , and of the beleevers hope . 2. In all times by-gon , experience hath proved the word of the Lord to be most solidly true . Which serveth for the second reason of praising God , and grounding of our hope ; The word of the Lord is tryed . 3. There is none of the beleevers excepted from the benefit of his promises , which is a third reason of Gods praise , and our hope ; for he is a buckler to all those that trust in him . He is a defence which we may constantly carry along with us , where ever we goe , and make use of his power and love , as of a buckler in all conflicts . 4. A fourth reason of Gods praise , and ground of our hope is , that as there is no true Religion , nor true Faith save one , so there is no true God save onely one , whose true and tryed word , is with his true Church and Saints , who beleeve in him : For who is God save the Lord ? or who is a rock save our God ? 5. There is no fountain of comfort , or of strength or delivery , save the Lord , of whom onely all things have their being : for who is God save the Lord ? 6. There is no ground to build our confidence and felicity upon , save God alone , who is in Covenant through Christ with us : who is a rock save our God ? Ver. 32. It is God that girdeth me with strength , and makeh my way perfect . 33. He maketh my feet like hindes feet , and setteth me upon my high places . 34. He teacheth my hands to war , so that a bow of steel is broken by mine arms . 23. Thou hast also given me the shield of thy salvation , and thy right hand hath holden me up , and thy gentlenesse hath made me great . 36. Thou hast enlarged my steps under me ; that my feet did not slip . He goeth on to reckon the furniture , and ability for warre , which the Lord did give to him . Whence learne , 1. The man of God must resolve to be a man of war , and to yoake with adversaries of one sort or other ; Such as was David , and Christ , and his followers represented by him . 2. The man whom the Lord sendeth out to fight his Battels , he will arme him compleatly from head to foot ; He will gird him with strength , and make his way plaine and perfect ; he will make his feet swift , he will furnish him with a retiring place on high , he will furnish him with a Bow of steel , and with all armes offensive , and will enable him with more skill and strength then to make use of them ; he will furnish him also with a shield of salvation , which shall save him in effect : and with all arms defensive , and uphold him by his right hand , when he is like to be overcome ; and by his tender care of him , wil make him a great man , a valiant man of war , and hold him on his feet , that he fall not in his service . Whereof David here hath experience in his warfare , bodily and spirituall . 3. What God hath done for a man , will be better seen after the trouble is ended , then in the mean time . The back-look upon the Lords assistance is most clear . As here David giveth the clearest compt of Gods assistance , when his experience is reviewed . 4. All the furniture of spirituall armour , in our spirituall warfare , which here is chiefly aimed at , is only from the Lord ; for he , even he only is here declared the furnisher thereof , and without him the man is altogether weak , witlesse and naked . 37. I have pursued mine enemies and overtaken them : neither did I turn again till they were consumed . 38. I have wounded them that they were not able to rise : thy are fallen under my feet . 39. For thou hast girded me with strength unto the battel : thou hast subdued under me those that rose up against me . 40. Thou hast also given me the necks of mine enemies ; that I might destroy them that hate me . Here he maketh mention of the victories which God gave to him , as a Type of Christ , over all his enemies . Whence learn , 1. It was revealed to David , that as he himself had , so also Christ should have many enemies , and should fight against them , and prevail over them , and make all his followers victorious over them all ; That he should pursue his , and their enemies , in every age , and not turn again till they shall be consumed , as is , ver . 37. till he cast them down , that they be not able to rise , vers . 38. till he hath subdued them all under his feet , and ours , ver . 39. till he have taken them captives and destroyed them , ver . 40. For Christs victories are common to him and his followers , in as far as their warfare is from him , and he is engaged to fight our battels for us , or by us , as he sees fit . Ver. 41. They cried , but there was none to save them : even unto the Lord , but he answered them not . 42. Then did I beat them small as the dust before the wind : I did cast them out , as the dirt in the streets . In the type of some passages of some severe justice which David did execute against his enemies , he setteth forth the certain destruction of Christs enemies , in judgement mercilesse . Whence learne , 1. That whosoever do look for release out of their trouble , and that not through Christ , shall have no release at all . Though they cry , there shall be none to save them . 2. It may be some may think themselves friends to God , and God a friend to them , and pray to him , albeit they be enemies to Christ ; but that prayer which is put up to God without reconciliation made through Christ , shall be rejected . Though they cry to the Lord , he shall not answer them . 3. If men pursued by Christ for their enmity against him , shall not under the rod at least , turn to him , there remaineth nothing for them , but that they be utterly destroyed , and as it were beaten as small as the dust . 4. The obstinate enemies of Christs Kingdome shall perish shamefully , and as they have de●pised the blood of Christ , and of his servants , so shall the Lord despise them ; He shall cast them out as the dirt in the streets . Ver. 43. Thou hast delivered me from the strivings of the people ; and thou hast made me the head of the heathen : a people whom I have not known shall serve me . 44. Ass●on as they hear of me , they shall obey me : the strangers shall submit themselves unto me . In the fifth and last part of the Psalm , he promiseth to himselfe the setling and enlargement of his own Kingdome , and prophesieth also of Christs Kingdome represented thereby . Whence learn. 1. As was Davids , so is Christs Kingdom , subject to intestine commotions , tumults and dissentions ; as in the one there was , so in the other hath been , and will be contentions , and strivings of the people , raised by Satan , fostered by wicked hypocrites , and by the corruption of the Lords children . 2. Such striving and dissention do put our Lords Kingdome in a sort of hazard , if we look to second causes , so as there will be need of Gods help for a delivery from it . But the Kingdome of Christ shall stand for all that , notwithstanding these contentions , that it may still be said of his Kingdome , as it is said here of the typicall Kingdome , and is prophesied of Christs Kingdome , Thou hast delivered me from the strivings of the people . 3. To the Prophet it was revealed , that Christs Kingdome was not to remaine straitned within the bounds of Iudea , but to be extended to the Gentiles , over whom Christ was to reign , and now hath he a long time reign'd . The Father , as he made David the Type , so hath he made Christ head of the heathen . 4. The wickednesse of a person or people , whose works have been most loathsome to the Lord , cannot hinder him to shew mercy to them through Christ , when he pleaseth to convert them . For he hath said , A people whom I have not known , shall serve me : which hath oft-times come to passe , and will yet more bee seen effectually . 5. The word of the Lord is the Scepter of his Kingdome , the sword whereby he subdueth people to himself ; as soon as they hear of me , saith the Lord , in the mouth of his Type , and Prophet , they shall obey me . 6. The more room the word gets in a mans heart , and the sooner it be believed and obeyed , after signification of Gods will to him by his word , the more kindly is the conversion , and the more of the Lords power is evidenced : as here is imported in , assoon as they hear of me . 7. When Christ subdueth Nations to himselfe by his word , and doth convert the elect , or his own redeemed ones : strangers in heart will come also outwardly unto the society of his Church and Kingdome , though fainedly . The strangers shall submit themselves to me ; fainedly , as the word importeth . 8. Even this outward offer of submission to Christs Kingdome , made by strangers , coming to the visible Church , is not refused , but received pro tanto , and made a matter of glorifying of Christ. The strangers shall fainedly submit themselves to me . For it is no small glory to Christ that the Majesty of his Word and Ordinances , doth make many stoop before him , who are not turned truely unto him . Mean time , albeit by entring into , and submitting to the external covenant , a man be admitted into the visible Church , and outer Court of Gods house , yet not without reall conversion is a man made a member of the invisible Church , and admitted into the inner Court of heaven . Ver. 45. The strangers shall fade away , and be afraid out of their close places . He prophesieth what shall become of Christ enemies at length . Whence learne . 1. As some strangers shall come into the outward fellowship of Christs Kingdom , so others of them shall remain professed strangers , and dis-affected to his Kingdome , and whether strangers within , or without , shal continue to be strangers stil , both of them shall perish . For strangers shall fade away . 2. Albeit Christ at first , may have many enemies , and unfriends where he cometh to set up his Kingdome , yet where and when he pleaseth to stay , and keep up his Kingdom , his open enemies shall grow fewer . The strangers shall fade away : to wit , where he minds to stay , and for that end thinks good to diminish them . 3. Whether the Lord be pleased to convert strangers , or not , their strong holds , ( whether their high imaginations , or their earthly power ) shall not be able to stand before him ; let him come to convert them outwardly or inwardly also , or destroy them , as he shall be pleased , his terrour shall affright them ; For the strangers ( before him ) shall be afraid out of their close places . Ver. 46. The Lord liveth , and blessed be my rock : and let the God of my salvation be exalted . 47. It is God that avengeth me , and subdueth the people under me . 48. He delivereth me from mine enemies : yea , thou liftest me up above those that rise up against me : thou hast delivered me from the violent man. Ver. 49. Therefore will I give thanks unto thee ( O Lord ) among the heathen : and sing praises unto thy name . 50. Great deliverance giveth he to his King , and sheweth mercy to his anointed , to David , and to his seed for evermore . He concludeth the Psalme with thanksgiving , and praiseth the Lord for his personall preservation unto eternall life , verse 46. for overthrowing of his enemies , verse 47. for delivery of him from them , vers . 47 , 48. and in Christs name he setteth forth the Lords glory , before the Gentiles , for the mercies following the Kingdome of Christ , and his own Kingdome , the type thereof , ver . 49 , 50. Whence learne , 1. The end of all our speeches , concerning what we have been imployed into , and have done , or have had successe in , should be to shew forth the glory of God to others , and to offer praise and thanks to him : for this , Blessed be my rock , &c. is the end whereunto Davids example doth drive . 2. Life , and blessed life , quickening life ▪ the only fountain of life , is the proper stile of God , of whom most properly and deservedly we may say , The Lord liveth . 3. Because God is the Fountain of all blessednesse , to Angels and men ; therefore should we acknowledge him , and proclaim him blessed , that the hearer may seek blessednesse in him alone . 4. The perfection of God in himselfe , the out-letting of his goodnesse to the creature , his immutability in his love to his own , his making himselfe to be as it were the proper good of the believer by covenant : and his giving the certainty of salvation to the believer , established by covenant : These and other perfections should exalt the Lord highly in estimation , and affection of the believer , and do make the believer heartily wish the Lord may be known to his praise : for this cause saith the Prophet , the Lord liveth , and blessed be my rock , and let the God of my salvati●n be exalted . 4. David , as a type of Christ , in name and behalfe of Christ , doth give unto God the glory of taking order with his enemies , for preserving and propagating his Kingdome , and for the delivering his people from cruell persecuters . It is God , saith he , that avengeth me , and subdueth the people under me . He delivereth me from mine enemies ; yea , thou liftest me up above those that rise u● against me : Thou hast delivered mee from the violent man. Ver. 49. Therefore will I give thanks unto thee ( O Lord ) among the heathen ; and sing praises unto thy name . Besides present praising of God , he promiseth to insist in praise and thanksgiving . This the Apostle , Rom. 15.9 . sheweth to be the speech of Christ , and a prophesie of the conversion of the Gentiles . Whence learn , 1. Beside all the victories given to the Church in Davids time , as a pledge of promises , it was foretold that the Gentiles should see many victories over the enemies of the Church of Christ , after his coming , and that they should joyne with the Iews in thanksgiving to God for the same ; for upon account of the Lords lifting up Christ above his adversaries , and cruell persecuters , Thanks shall be given unto the Lord among the heathen . 2. The sacrifice of praise offered up in the Church , as it is the work of the Saints in one respect , so it is the work of Christ in another respect , because he raiseth by his Spirit the song in their hearts , and offereth up the sacrifice of thanks unto the Father . For it is Christ who here saith , I will give thanks unto thee ( O Lord ) among the heathen , and sing praises to thy name . Ver. 50. Great deliverance giveth he to his King : and sheweth mercy unto his annointed : to David , and his seed , for evermore . David as a Type of Christ , giveth a reason of perpetual praising of God ; to wit , the constant course of Gods mercies shewn to him , and his house , and to be shewn to Christ , and his children , and house , for evermore . Whence learn , 1. As difficulties , enemies , and dangers of the Church , are many and great ; so shall their victories over these evils be great also ; For great deliverance giveth he , in a continuall tract and course , as it were , one after another , as need is . 2. All the deliverances are given to Christ principally , and in him to his Church , and particular soules through him . For it is said , Great deliverance giveth he to his King. 3. The chusing of a man for a service , shall by the calling of him to it , and qualifying him for it , and sustaining him in it , be confirmed to him , and by the course of mercy following him in all his difficulties , which he shall meet with in his calling . Therefore significantly doth he say , Great deliverance giveth he to his King , to David , a chosen Type , and to his annointed Christ , represented by him : He sheweth mercy to his annointed , Christ his seed . 4. It is meer mercy whereof Christs followers , Christs children and seed do stand in need : and mercy by course constantly shall follow them , not for a short time , but world without end , for the Lord sheweth mercy to David and his seed for evermore . PSAL. XIX . To the chief Musician , A Psalm of David . This Psalm is a sweet contemplation of the glory of Gods wisdom , power , & goodness , shining in the works of Creation , v. 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6. and of the glory of his holiness , and rich grace , shining through his word and Ordinances in his Church , v. 7 , 8 , 9 , 10. whereof the Prophet having proof , prayeth to have the right use and benefit , ver . 11 , 12 , 13 , 14. V. 1. THe heavens declare the glory of God : and the firmament sheweth his handy workes . ALbeit the whole earth be ful of the glory of the Lord , yet the Prophet contenteth himselfe to pitch his meditations on the heavens alone , and the vicissitude of day and night , and upon the course of the Suns light . Whence learn , 1. Albeit the glory of the Lord shine in all his works , yet any portion thereof will take up a mans meditation , when he beginneth to think upon it , as here the heavens are the Prophets Theam and subject matter of meditation . 2. The invisible things of God , even his eternal power and Godhead , and glorious attributes of wisdome , and goodnesse , and Majestie are to be seen in the works of Creation , from the beginning of the world . The heavens declare the glory of God , and the firmament sheweth his handy worke . 3. Though his glory be shewne to all men , yet it is the illuminate child of God that can observe it ; for he that setteth it forth to others , doth it by the inspiration of the Lords own Spirit : He is a Prophet who here is stirred up to point unto us this lesson ▪ most worthy of our observation . For in substance the heavens declare that they are not their own maker , but that they are made by one , infinite , incomprehensible , omnipotent , everlasting , good , kind and glorious God. And the firmament ( taking it for the region of the aire , and place of the stars ) declares how curiously he can adorne the work of his hands , and how powerfully he can put glory abundant on the creature , though it have no matter in it to make it glorious . 2 Day unto day uttereth speech , and night unto night sheweth knowledg . 3. There is no speech nor language , where their voice is not heard . 4 Their line is gone out thorow all the earth , and their words to the end of the world : in them hath he set a tabernacle for the Sun. He looketh next upon the vicissitude of night and day , and as he saw what the heavens gave him to read , so he hearkeneth and heareth what the day and the night did speak ; and he compriseth all their speech in the Doctrine of knowledge . Whence learn , 1. The right observation of the vicissitude of the night and day , may give instruction unto us to be wise ; for day unto day , in their revolution , utter speech to the observing ear ; And night unto night , in their vicissitude sheweth to the understanding man knowledge . For in substance , the vicissitude of day after day , doth serve to teach man that he liveth in time , and that his dayes are numbred , that his dayes do go quickly away , and that time is precious , and cannot return when it is gone ; and that so long as it shall last , it shal serve man to view the workes of the Lord , and to goe about his own necessary labours ; and such like other speeches doth it speake : Also the night saith , That man in himselfe is weak , and cannot endure long toyling in labour ; that as some little short rest and recreation of the labourer is necessary , so it is prepared for him , that he may lie under a curtaine , and sleep a while , and so be fitted for more worke , if more time be lent unto him ; and that he may now quietly examine , what he hath been doing , may commune with his heart and be still ; and that if he doe not what he hath to do in time , the night cometh when no man can work : By which , and such like speeches men may learn knowledge . ● . There is no people nor country , but as much of the speech of the creature is spoken convincingly unto them , as may make them inexcusable ; and albeit all doe not learne wis●ome , yet the voice of the works of creation and providence , is every where in some measure heard : their line and direction is gone out through the earth . 5 Which is as a Bridegroome coming out of his chamber , and rejoyceth as a strong man to run a race . 6. His going forth is from the end of the heaven , ●nd his circuit unto the ends of it : and there is nothing hid f●om the heat thereof . He contracteth his thoughts from the highness of the heavens , and pitcheth upon the Sunne , and beholdeth Gods glory in it . Whence learne , 1. All the glory to be seen in the Sun belongeth unto the Lord ; for he hath made it , and set it in its place , as in a Tabernacle , for a time , so long as he hath use and service of it . 2. The beauty of the Sun when it ariseth in the morning ; the wonderfull swift and regular motion of it , so tempered by the huge distance thereof from the earth , that it cannot be seene moving , when it is running in a circle in the heaven most swiftly : The constancy of the motion of it from day to day , from year to year , without wearying or failing ; the vast circle which it maketh every twenty four hours ; the heat and vertue , and powerful operation upon all inferiour creatures are all admirable , and matter of manifesting the glorious perfection of God , who made it , and moveth it ; As the Bridegroome he riseth , compasseth the Circle of heaven and earth and nothing is hid from the heat thereof . 7 The Law of the Lord is perfect , converting the soul : the testimony of the Lord is sure , making wise the simple . 8 The statutes of the Lord are right , rejoycing the heart : the commandment of the Lord is pure , enlightning the eies . 9. The fear of the Lord is clean , enduring for ever : the judgments of the Lord are true , and righteous altogether . 10. More to be be desired are they then gold , yea , then much fine gold : sweeter also then the hony , and the hony combe . The next part of his contemplation , is concerning the glory of the Lord , declared in his word and scripture ; which light as it is more necessary for our blessednesse then the Suns light for our bodies , so he commendeth this point of Gods glory , ( far above that , which shineth in the worke of creation ) from the perfection , efficacie , infallibility , and sundry other properties of it . Whence learne , 1. The Doctrine of life and salvation , set down to us in Gods word , as a law to us , and a rule of faith and obedience , needeth no deck of humane traditions ; it is sufficient in it selfe , and wanteth nothing necessary unto salvation ; For the Law of the Lord is perfect . 2. No doctrine , no word save this divine truth , set downe in Scripture , is able to discover the sinne and misery of man , or the remedie and reliefe from it ; no doctrine save this alone , can effectually humble a soul , and convert it to God ; or make a soul sensible of the losse it hath by sin , and restore it to a better condition then is lost by sin ; for it is the property of this law or doctrine , to be converting of soules . 3. Whosoever hearkeneth to this word , shall be satisfied about what is the Lords mind and will in all matters of religion , concerning Gods service , and mans salvation ; for it is the testimony of the Lord , wherein he giveth forth his will , concerning what he approveth , and what he disalloweth . 4. This word being understood rightly , as it may be understood when it is compared with it selfe , one part of it with another , and other means also used , which God hath appointed , may be safely relyed upon : it will not disappoint a man ; For the testimony of the Lord is sure . 5. Albeit there be many deep mysteries in this word , which may exercise the greatest wits , yet for the points necessary for the salvation of every soul , it is so plaine and clear , that it may be understood by persons of mean wits , and may make those who are otherwise dull of understanding , wise to salvation ; for it is a testimony making wise the simple . 6. Nothing is commanded by God in his word , but that which the illuminate soul must subscribe unto , as equitable in it self , and profitable to us . For the statutes of the Lord are right . 7. The approving and following of the Lords directions given to us in his word , is a sure mean to get comfort and joy raised in our conscience . For the statutes of the Lord rejoyce the heart . 8. There is no mixture of error , no drosse , nor refuse doctrine , no deceit in the Lords word ; for the commandment of the Lord is pure . 9. By the word of God a man may clearly see himself in himself blind and naked , and wretched and miserable , and by coming into the grace and mercy offered in the Messiah , Christ , may see himselfe entred in the only safe way of salvation . By the word of God a man may see every thing in its own colours ; vertue to be vertue , and vice to be vice and vanity : For the word illuminates the eyes . 10. The way of worshipping , fearing , and serving God , set down in his word , is holy , and in substance the same in all generations , and alwayes unalterable by man for ever . The fear of the Lord is clean , enduring for ever . 11. The doctrines set downe in the word of God , are all of them decrees of the almighty Law-giver , given forth in his owne Court with authority uncontrolable ; all of them are true and worthy to be obeyed ; for the judgments of the Lord are true , and righteous altogether . 12. The word of God isable to enrich a man more then all the riches in the world , because it is able to bring him to an everlasting Kingdome ; for Gods judgments being as judicial sentences , to determine all necessary truths and controversies , about saving truth , are more to be desired then gold , yea then much fine gold . 13. There is more sweet comfort and true pleasure to be found in the Lords word , then in any pleasant thing in this world . They are sweeter then the hony , and the hony combe . 11. Moreover , by them is thy servant warned : and in keeping of them there is great reward . The Prophet subscribeth this commendation of Gods word , by his owne experience , and seeketh to make good use of it . Whence learne , 1. That man , of all other , is most meet to commend the word of the Lord , who in himselfe hath felt the experience of the effects and good use thereof , as the Prophets example doth shew . 2. As the word of God is able to make a man wise to salvation , so also to make him prudent in his carriage , to eschue not only sin , but also inconveniences , and to warne him of snares , wherein he may fal by imprudency . For beside all the former commendation , he addeth , Moreover by them is thy servant warned . 3. When a man hath said all hee can , in commendation of the word of God , he shal not be able to say all , but must close in some general , because the benefit of observing of the Lords Statutes and Commands , doth passe his reach ; for thus the Prophet closeth , In keeping of them there is great reward . 12. Who can understand his errors ? cleanse thou me from secret faults . Lest he should seem to speak like one who seeks to be justified by his works , he acknowledgeth himself a man that cleaveth not to his owne righteousnesse , but to the fountaine of free grace , and to the expiation of sin made by Christ , signified under the shadow of ceremonial cleansing . Whence learn , 1. The most holy man , after conversion , must make stil use of the law for his humiliation , and for driving of him to Christ continually ; and when he compareth himself with the Law of God , he will be forced to blush and acknowledge himself and every other man unable to condescend upon the particulars , and the multitude even of his actual sins . Therefore saith hee , Who can understand his errors ? 2. Sins of ignorance , sins past out of memory , do leave guiltinesse upon the man , and must be counted for in heap at least : and mercy through the blood of cleansing must be requested for , as here . Cleanse thou me from secret sins . 13. Keepe back thy servant also from presumpiuous sins , let them not have dominion over me : then shal I be upright , and I shall be innocent from the great transgression . He puts up another petition , to wit , That he may be preserved from presumptuous sins . Hence learne , 1. Holiest men are most sensible of their by-gone sins , and so also of their naturall sinfulnesse , and readinesse to fall , whereof the Prophet here is to fear , saying , Keep back also thy servant from presumptuous sins . 2. Even the regenerate , if the Lord doe not keep them from tentation , or if he leave them in tentation , unto their own will and strength , they may fal into most scandalous sins , against the light of their conscience , and be slaves thereunto ; Therefore prayeth he to be kept back from presumptuous sins , and that God would not suffer such sins to have dominion over him ; insinuating his own weaknesse , if God did not prevent , did not assist and helpe him to prevaile against them . 3. Uprightnesse and integrity in Gods obedience may stand with sins of infirmity , and sins of ignorance , but cannot stand with presump●uous sinnes , against the light of conscience ▪ for if the Lord shall save him from presumptuous sins , then , he saith , he shall be upright . 4. Presumptuous sinnes , and letting sin reigne in a mans mortal body , is the high way to the sin unto death , or sinning maliciously , with despight against God ; and he that makes conscience of secret sins , and is feared to fall into presumptuous sins , and flieth to God to bee cleansed from the one , and preserved from falling into the other , may be sure not to fall into ●he sinne against the Holy Ghost . For the Prophet having prayed to be cleansed from his secret sins , and kept back from presumptuous and reigning sinnes , assureth himselfe , That so he shall be innocent from the great transgression . Ver. 14. Let the words of my mouth , and the meditation of my heart , be acceptable in thy sight , O Lord my strength , and my Redeemer . The third petition , is , for the acceptance of his service in his prayer , and purpose of heart . Whence learne , 1. As pardoning grace , and preventing grace , and restraining grace , must be prayed for ; so also powerful , sanctifying , or enabling grace , both for inward and outward service ; yea , and grace accepting the service when it is offered ▪ must be sought for by prayer from God. For as the Prophet hath prayed for the former acts of grace , so also he prayeth here for the latter sort , saying , Let the words of my mouth and meditation of my heart , he acceptable . 2. As all our prayers , and all our holy indeavours , and abilities to serve God , must be furnished unto us ▪ by our Redeemer who is Jesus Christ ; so also every other grace , and the acceptance of our persons and services , must come through him ; and we may look for all these by vertue of the Covenant of grace , whereby Christ is made our strength and Redeemer in all respects : Therefore layeth he all the weight on this , O Lord my strength , and my Redeemer . PSAL. XX. To the chief Musician , A Psalm of David . This Psalme was dited to the Church in forme of a prayer for the Kings of Israel , but with a speciall eye upon , and relation unto Christ , the King of Israel ; in respect of whom this prayer is a prophesie , and a forme of blessing of Christ , and praying for his Kingdome , wherof the Kingdom of Israel was a type , and the Kings thereof are types of Christ. Not that the Kingdome in every condition was figurative , or every King a type of him ; But as the Priests being taken not severally , one by one , but together , shadowed forth in something , Christ in the Office of his Priesthood ; so the Kings , not every one , but taken together , shadowed forth in something Christ , in his Royal Office , and their Kingdom resembled his Kingdom in his visible Church in some things , and in his invisible Church in other some things , leaving room to some persons , both among the Priests , and Kings , to be more specially types then any of the rest in common , ver . 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ▪ 5. After which the Churches confidence to be heard is set downe , and their gloriation in God over their enemies , with dependance on God for salvation in all difficulties and strai●s , ver . 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 Ver. 1. THe Lord hear thee in the day of trouble , the Name of the God of Iacob defend thee 2 Send thee help from the Sanctuary , and strengthen thee out of Sion ▪ 3 Remember all thy offerings , and accept thy burnt sacrifice . Selah . 4 Grant thee according to thine own heart , and fulfil all thy counsel . 5 Wee wil rejoyce in thy salvation , and in the Name of our God we will set up our banner ; the Lord fulfil all thy petitions . FRom this prayer of the Church for the King of Israel . Learn , 1. It is the duty of all the godly , where-ever they live , to pray for the welfare of their Kings , Rulers , and Magistrates , as this example teacheth . 2. Greatest men , though they be also gracious , are subject to trouble : for even the best of the Kings of Israel , and Christ typified by them , were not exempted therefrom . The Lord hear thee in the day of trouble . 3. It is the part of such as desire the prayers of others to bee made for them , to pray also themselves , were they never so great Kings ; and prayer must be counted their best weapons in trouble ; The Lord hear thee , saith he , in the day of thy trouble . 4. No defence to be expected from God , but when he is looked upon and believed in as he is manifested to us in his word . Therefore he saith , The Name of the God of Iacob defend thee . Or , God who in his word hath revealed himselfe to Israel , and entred in covenant to be his God , defend thee . 5. It is by vertue of Gods dwelling amongst men , and his taking on mans nature in the person of Christ ( represented by Gods presence in Sion and the Sanctuary ) that help must be expected from God. Therefore saith he , The Lord send thee help out of the Sanctuary , and strengthen thee out of Sion . 6. Kings and all for whom the godly may pray with confidence , must be worshippers of God , believers in Christ , relyers upon the mercy of this only once offered sacrifice , represented by often repeated typical burnt offerings . For this is imported in , The Lord remember all thy offerings , and accept thy burnt sacrifices . For it is for Christs sacrifice that we are accepted , and that any grace is granted to us . 7. A believer in Christ , praying according to the revealed will of God , ask what he will , it shall be granted ; he who studieth to walk sincerely before God , studying to do what is pleasant to Gods heart , shall receive satisfactory answers according to his own hearts wish . Upon this ground the prayer goeth here , The Lord grant thee according to thine own heart , and fulfill all thy counsel . 8. Whosoever do partake with Christs Subjects in trouble , shall share with them also in the joy of their deliverance ; therefore it is said , We will rejoyce in thy salvation . 9. When it goeth well with the King , and chiefe Magistrates , it goeth the better with all the subjects , and the praise of delivery and welfare redoundeth to the glory of God who is the fountain of all felicity ; for , In the Name of our God , we shall set up our banners , saith the Church , if God shall blesse the King. Ver. 6. Now know I , that the Lord saveth his annointed ; he will hear him from his holy heaven , with the saving strength of his right hand . 7. Some trust in charets , and some in horses : but we will remember the Name of the Lord our God. 8. They are brought down and faln : but we are risen , and stand upright . 9. Save , Lord ; let the King hear us when we call . This is the Churches confidence to be heard , and her glori●tion in God , and dependance on God for salvation . Whence learn , 1. A believer may be sure he hath his request granted , when he hath prayed according to Gods will ; in speciall when he prayeth for safety to the Church , and Kingdome of Christ. I know ( saith he ) that the Lord saveth his annointed . 2. He that seeketh God by the means appointed ; in speciall , he who seeketh God , and help from him , through Christ , in whom the fulnesse of the Godhead dwelleth , shall have the grant of his prayer from heaven ; for help sought to come from the Sanctuary , ver . 2. is granted from his holy heaven , ver . 6. 3. Whatsoever be the straits of Gods Church , or any member thereof , faith seeth sufficiency in God to relieve out of it , and doth lay hold on it . ●or he heareth with the saving strength of his right hand . 4. Weak man cannot chuse but have some confidence without himselfe , in case of apparent difficulties ; and naturall men do look first to some earthly thing wherein they confide . Some trust in charets , and some in horses , some in one creature , some in another . 5. The believer must quit his confidence in these things , whether he have them , or want them , and must rely on what God hath promised in his word to do unto us . But we will remember the Name of the Lord our God. 6. That which terrifieth the believer in the first assault of a tentation , before he go to his refuge , is contemned by the believer when he looks to the Lord , his true defence ; Charets and horses when they are invading Gods people are terrible : but now when the Lord is remembred , they are here set at nought in comparison . 7. The condition of the worldly man and of the enemies of Gods people seems to be the better , at the first , and the condition of the Church the worse . But a short resolution cometh , which determineth the question in the end ; the standing of the ungodly is followed with a fall ; and the low condition of the godly hath a better condition following upon it . The worldly man , and enemy , is brought down , and falleth . But the godly are made to say , We are risen and stand upright . 8. True confidence strengthens it selfe by prayer , Save Lord. 9. That which is prayed for in the type , is perfected in Christ , who is the truth ; salvation is granted to all his Subjects , whensoever they call . Let the King hear us when we call . 10. And when the Lord is relyed upon for safety , the means shall have the promised blessing . The Kings of Israel were to be the more usefull to the people when safety was sought from the Lord. First , they pray , Save us , and then , Let the King hear us when we call , or implore him . PSAL. XXI . To the chief Musician , A Psalm of David . As the former Psalm was a prayer for the preservation of the Kingdome of Israel , in relation to the Kingdome of Christ , represented by it : So this Psalm is a form of thanksgiving unto God by the Church , for blessing of the Kingdom of Israel , representing the blessing , and cause of thanksgiving , to be found in Christ , and his Kingdome , wherein a number of good things are set forth ▪ heaped upon the King , ver . 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7. And ● number of miseries set forth , heaped on the head of his enemies , ver . 8 ▪ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12. For both which the Lord is glorified , ver . 13. The reason why the former Psalme and this , are referred in so many particulars unto Christ ▪ is , because the verity of these things here spoken of , is to be sought in Christ , and his Kingdome : for but in some few onely of the Kings , and in some few times of the Kingdome onely , was the shadow of what is here spoken of , to be found , when the whole history is consulted . Ver. 1. THe King shall joy in thy strength , O Lord : and in thy salvation how greatly shall he rejoyce ! 2. Thou hast given him his hearts desire , and hast not withholden the request of his lips . Selah . 3. For thou preventest him with the blessings of goodnesse : thou settest a Crowne of pure gold on his head . 4 He asked life of thee , and thou gavest it him , even length of dayes for ever and ever . 5 His glory is great in thy salvation ; honour and majesty hast thou laid upon him . 6 For thou hast made him most blessed for ever : thou hast made him exceeding glad with thy countenance . 7. For the King trusteth in the Lord , and through the mercy of the most high he shall not be moved . The benefits bestowed on the King , and his Kingdome , are seven or eight , which are so many reasons of thanksgiving . The first is joy in the Kings heart , for strength and salvation given unto him . Whence learn , 1. As prayer is necessary , so also is thanksgiving ; and the offering of both to God , as it is our duty , so it is his due ; and as we should seek the concurrence of others in prayers , so should we seek their concurrence in praises : And he that offereth prayer one day , shall have matter of praise to offer another day , as here we are taught . 2. Christ , and all his true Subjects , are sure to be furnished with furniture of strength from God , for every imployment , and to be delivered out of every danger by God , and to have joy and rejoycing in the experimental feeling thereof . For , The King shall joy in thy strength , O Lord , and in thy salvation how greatly shall be rejoyce ? This is the first reason of praise and thanks , for this first benefit . The second benefit bestowed on Christ , to be forth-coming to his true Subjects , is this , Satisfactory answers shall be given to all the articles of Christs intercession , and all the articles of the Saints warrantable supplications . Thou hast given him his hearts desire , and hast not with-holden the request of his lips . The third benefit is this There shall be a ready out-giving of liberall gifts for Christs subjects , and fruits of Gods love , before the need thereof be felt , or observed ; Thou preventest him with the blessing of goodnesse : The fourth benefit is right , and title , and possession given to Christ ; a name of glory , or the gift of ● glorious Kingdome , wherein Christ shall give all his subjects crowns of glory . Thou settest a crown of pure gold upon his head . The fifth benefit is right to eternall life , as the fruit of Christs intercession ; He asked life of thee , and thou gavest him even length of days , for ever and ever . The sixth benefit given to Christ , and his subjects , is growing honour , and growing weight of glory , a load of it , even before men ; for nothing can make men more glorious , even before the world , then Gods owning them before the world , and putting respect upon them ; yea , and the world shall more and more see and admire the glory which God shall put upon Christ , and his Kingdome : His glory is great in thy salvation ; honour and majesty hast thou laid upon him . The seventh benefit , is a begun possession of everlasting blessednesse , and joy unspeakable ; partly from the feeling of the first fruts , partly from the hope of a full harvest . For God will never make an end of blessing whom he will blesse . Thou hast made him and his followers most blessed for ever ; thou hast made him exceeding glad with thy countenance . The eighth reason of thanksgiving , and the last benefit , in relation to the giving of what is good to Christ , and to his subjects , ( among whom David , and every one of the godly come in to share ) is the unchangeablenesse of Gods mercy , and powerfull love toward the believer , who hath closed in covenant with him , and doth trust in him . He shall not be moved . And why so ? The King trusteth in the Lord : What then ? The covenanted mercy of the most High is unchangeable , and maketh all blessednesse fast to Christ , and to every believer : Through the mercy of the most High he shall not be moved . Christs Kingdome in his Person , and his Subjects with him , shall stand , when all the kingdomes of the earth shall stagger and fall . Ver. 8. Thine hand shall find out all thine enemies , thy right hand shall find out those that hate thee . 9. Thou shalt make them as a fiery oven in the time of thine anger : the Lord shall swallow the● up in his wrath , and the fire shall devour them . Ver. 10. Their fruit shalt thou destroy from the earth , and their seed from among the children of men . In the 2d place there is a prophecy of Gods vengeance on the enemies of Christ , and his Church , under the type of the enemies of Davids Kingdom . Whence learn , 1. All the enemies of Christ , and his Church , shall be pursued by God , and overtaken , and none of them shal escape his hand , neither open enemies , nor close lurking traitors . The Lords hand shal find out all the Kings enemies , and his right hand shall find out all those that hate him . 2. All the enemies of Christ , and his Kingdome , howsoever they may possibly be spared and forborn for a while , yet there is a set time for punishing of them , here called the time of Gods anger . 3. When the time is come , their judgement is inevitable , horrible , and compleatly full . Thou shalt make them as a fiery oven , where the burning is extream hot , the heat striking upon what is in it , from all hands , above , below , and about , on all hands , and the door closed from going out , or suffering any coole refreshment to come in . 4. There is no possibility to apprehend the horrible punishment of Christs enemies : for after their casting in a fiery oven , they are set down here as fewell , to suffer what God's being incensed in anger , as a consuming fire swallowing them up , and devouring them in his incomprehensible wrath , doth import . 5. After the Lords vengeance is come upon the enemies of Christs Kingdom , his curse shall follow the works of their hands , and upon whatsoever they sought to make themselves happy by in their life : and his vengeance shall follow upon their posterity , till he have rooted out their memoriall from among men . Their fruit shall he destroy from the earth , and their seed from amongst the children of men . Ver. 11. For they intended evil against thee : they imagined a mischievous device , which they are not able to perform . For evidencing the Lords justice , he giveth a reason of this from the designe which the enemies have to root out the Lords annointed , and his seed , ver . 11. Whence learn , 1. The malicious enemies of Christs Kingdome , ( beside all the hatred they have shewn , and evil which they have done ) are still upon plots and designes to overturn Christs Kingdome , and work . They in●●●ded evil against thee . The enemies of Christs Kingdome may possibly conceive they onely oppose such as do trouble mens interests , and not as they are the Lords childern : yet it is found , that what they do against them , they do it against the Lord ; because they do it against his children and subjects , for his cause and service . 2. Plot what the wicked please against Christ and his Church , they shal not be able to accomplish their designe or desire : They have imagined a mischievous device , which they are not able to performe . 3. The evill which the wicked would do , and do set themselves to do , shall be made their dittay , and the reason of their doom and destruction , as well as the evill which they have done , if they repent not . For they intended , is here given as the reason of the judgement . Ver. 12. Therefore shalt thou make them turn their back , when thou shalt make ready thine arrowes upon thy strings , against the face of them . He cleareth their dittay and judgement yet more , vers . 12. teaching us , 1. That the Lord will suffer his enemies to manifest themselves in open opposition oft-times , before he fall upon them : for here they are found in the posture of pursuers , and opposers of God , setting their face against him , when he cometh to execute judgement on them : Thou shalt make them turn their back . 2. When God falleth upon his enemies to be avenged upon them , he useth to make them , and the beholders see , that he hath set them up as a mark to shoot at : for He will make ready his arrows , one after another , against the face of them . 3. The Lords wrath shal so meet his enemies in the teeth , wheresoever they turn , that they shall be forced to forsake their pursuing of the Church . Thou shalt make them turn their back . Ver. 13. Be thou exalted , Lord , in thine own strength : so will we sing and praise thy power . He closeth the Psalme with giving glory to God , including also a prayer . Whence learne , 1. When the Lords Church is preserved from persecuters , then the Lord is exalted . Be thou exalted , saith he . 2. When the Church is delivered , it is not by her own strength , but by the power of the Lord. Be thou exalted in thine own strength . 3. Albeit the godly be put to mourn for a time , yet when the Lord appeareth for them , they get matter of joy to themselves , and pr●●se to God. 〈…〉 sing , and praise thy power . PSAL. XXII . To the chief Musician upon Aijeleth Shahar . A Psalme of David . This Psalm is a Prophecy of Christs deepest sufferings , whereof Davids exercise is a Type . The Agony of spirit in Christ , and wrestling of Davids faith as the Type , is set down to v. 22. and the victory , and the outgate to the end of the Psalme . In the exercise there are three conflicts between sense and faith . The first conflict , wherein the sense of trouble is set down , v. 1 ▪ 2. and faiths wrestling against it , v. 3 , 4 , 5. The second conflict , wherin is the second assault of sense , v. 6 , 7 , 8. & faiths wrestling against it , v. 9 , 10 ▪ 11. The third conflict , wherein the third assault of sense is , v. 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ▪ and faiths wrestling with it . v. 19 , 20 , 21. Then follows the victory , set forth first in a promise of praise , v. 22. Secondly , in an exhortation to all the godly , to praise the Lord , with a reason from his experience , v. 23 , 24. Thirdly , in a renewed promise of praise and thanks , to the edification of the Church , v. 25. Fourthly , in a Prophecy of the encrease of Gods glory in the earth , as a fruit of Christs suffering and victory , ver . 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31. V. 1. MY God , my God , why hast thou forsaken me ? why art thou so far from helping me , and from the words of my roaring ? 2. O my God , I cry in the day time , but thou hearest not , and in the night season , and am not silent . IN this exercise of David the type , and of Christ represented here , both doe agree in these four things . 1. Both are under the sense of wrath , and of oppressing trouble . 2. Both are tempted to doubting and desperation . 3. Both wrestle against the tentation , and against trouble , the occasion thereof ; And 4. Both get the victory . But they differ in these four things . First , In the measure of the trouble ; Davids trouble was little in comparison of Christs trouble ; David laid not down his life under trouble ; but Christs trouble was incomparably more , and his soul made heavy unto death , and the trouble tooke his life from him . Secondly , In the manner of the trouble they differ ; for Davids trouble was only a probatory exercise , without vindictive wrath ; not a curse , but a crosse , for trying of him , and training of him to believe against sense ; which trouble of his paid no debt , neither his owne , nor any others ; but Christs trouble was a vindictive and avengefull punishment ; for reall wrath was against him , as he was bearing our sins , and the bitter curse of the Law was cast upon him : for he was made a curse for us ; and his punishment paid our debt , and was expiatory and satisfactory to justice . Thirdly , though both David and Christ were tempted to doubting and desperation , yet Davids tentation could not be sinlesse , because of his sinful imperfections , common to him , and all the rest of the godly ; The tentation got some advantage of him , because of the imperfection of his knowledge , faith , love , and abilities ; and because of the power of the body of original sin in him . But Christs passive tentation was altogethet sinlesse , and could not have any sin at all on his part ; for albeit he was tempted in all things like unto us , yet it is said , without sin . Because when the Prince of this world , Satan , came and took essay of him , he found none of his own stuffe in Christ : he had nothing in him to work upon ; and it was impossible that sin could be in him , being the holy one of Israel our sanctifier , Holy Lord God Almighty , and man also in one person , Isa. 6.3 . Iob. 12.41 . Fourthly , they differ in their wrestling , and victory ; for David wrestled not in his own strength , got not the victory in his own strength , 〈◊〉 in and through Christs strength , who gave David a taste only , or a smel rather , of the cup which he was to drink out , unto the dregs , and with the dregs , and who helped him to wrestle by Faith. But Christ wrestled and got the victory in his owne strength , which is one with the strength of the Father . For he is Jehovah our righteousnesse . In all the Psalme wee shal look● upon every passage , not so much as it concerneth David the type , as wherein it concerneth Christ the truth . In the first conflict of the sense of trouble with faith ; Learn from the words as they are Christs words . 1. God is Christs God ; he being considered as God and man , in one person , entred in the Covenant of redemption with the Father as Mediatour and Surety for men ; That he shall satisfie justice , and doe all the Fathers will in behalfe of the Elect , and that God shall be his God , and the God of all the Elect redeemed by him . Therefore doth he here say , My God , my God. 2. Faith , as it is a vertue giving perfect trust and credit unto Gods promises made to his Son the Redeemer , is a part of that original holinesse in the man Christ , and a point of his personal perfection , sutable to his imployment . This faith he professeth while he saith , My God , my God. 3. Christ , as man lying under the curse of the law for us , was really deserted and forsaken for a time , in regard of all sensible consolation : for it behoved him to bear the wrath , or effects of wrath , due to our sins really , so far as might satisfie for us , and relieve us from wrath . It s true , the man Christ could no more be forsaken , in regard of divine presence supporting him , then the personal union of the two natures could be dissolved : But in regard of sensible consolation , he was by way of punishment for our sins , and by way of cursing our sin in him , really in our stead for a while , deprived , as man , of the sense of the comfort of his owne God-head . The sense of wrath filling now the soul of the man to the brim , and running over . Therefore speaks he of his forsaking , Why hast thou forsaken me ? 4. As sense and reason can expresse themselves in seeming contradictory terms , and yet without contradiction can very well agree in their seeming opposite , and inconsistent expressions ; so can faith and sense expresse themselves , in seeming contradictory terms , and yet very wel agree ; for as sense , and paine , and sicknesse in the patient , can in its own language , and style of natural feeling , say to the Chirurgion , cutting and lancing the flesh , and to the Physician who hath given a bitter portion ▪ you have hurt me , you have made me sick : when indeed in the stile of reason and wit , he hath been healing the man , and recovering him from sicknesse . So sense of sorrow , grief , pain , and affliction , desertion , and wrath can speak in the terms of natural feeling , that which may seeme to crosse , but doth not indeed crosse faith speaking in the terms and language of supernatural Theological truth . Therefore My God , my God , spoken in the perfection of faiths language , can very well agree with , Why hast thou forsaken me ? why art thou so far from helping of me , and from the words of my roaring ? spoken here in the language of perfect natural sense ; for perfect faith , and perfect natural sense were in our Lord Christ , very God , and very man , compleatly holy . 5. Bitter was the cup of Divine wrath , which Christ did drinke : great was the price our Redeemer paid , to ransome us , when the sense thereof drew forth of his Majesty such expressions . Thus faith and feeling may both speak , each of them their owne language to God in one breath , as here they do . Now as these words are Davids , who had in him sinful corruption of nature , Learne , 1. Sense , and tentation , and corrupt nature , may represent God in his dispensations to his own children , as if he had forsaken altogether , and regarded not their hard condition , and would not helpe , as here is shewn in Davids experience . 2. Faith should correct sense , and refute tentations , and bridle effections , and not suffer their words to go forth , expressing sense or appearance of doubting of Gods favour , till first faith speak , and goe before , and fasten its gripes on the Covenant ; as here faith goeth formost , and calleth the Lord , My God , my God , before that sense utter a word . 3. At one time , and in one exercise , these three may concur . 1. Desertion in the point of comfort . 2. Growing trouble without help seene . And 3. Apparent rejecting of prayer : And these three joyned together do set sore upon the faith of a child of God. For continuance of trouble is a sore tentation , albeit comfort be now and then mixed : want of sensible comfort , mixed with trouble , doubleth the burden , and disquieteth the mind much : but to seem to lose labour in prayer , made for either help or comfort , is the heaviest part of the exercise : I cry day and night , and thou hearest not , is a sad condition . 4. In this case it is the best remedie , to lay the worst of our thoughts single before the Lord , and to tell him whatsoever is suggested to us , and not to be Secretars to Satan ; but to reveale our selves fully to God , and fix our selves on the Covenant of Grace , wherein we have closed with him ; yea , and to double and treble our gripes of , My God. 3. But thou art holy , O thou that inhabitest the praises of Israel . 4. Our father 's trusted in thee ; they trusted , and thou didst deliver them . 5 They cryed unto thee , and were delivered : they trusted in thee , and were not confounded . Now Faith having spoken with Sense , and grapled with the tentation , speaketh alone , that it may prevail . Whence learne , 1. Were tentations never so black , Faith wil not hearken to an ill word spoken against God , but will justifie God alwayes ; This should be our part in time of greatest perplexity , to say , But thou art holy . 2. It is wisdome for a soul in a sad exercise , to take side and part with Faith , to gather arguments to strengthen it , to divert the mind from thinking still on its calamity , and to set it upon the contemplation of Gods perfections in himselfe , and toward us in his Gospel , and of the passages of his providence toward his people , whereby he hath purchased constant praises at their hands : In the right of which praises and possession whereof , God is resolved to keep himselfe and to dwel therein as in a habitation wherein he delights to remain . O thou that inhabitest the praises of Israel . 3. It is wisdome to look to the carriage of the Godly in former times : Our Fathers trusted n thee . To their trusting , and trusting in God constantly in their trouble ; they trusted in thee , they trusted , and the third time they trusted : and to look upon their patient depending on God , doubling their diligence in calling on him ; as their straits did grow , they cried , they trusted : and to remember that they did never seek God in vain , but every one of them were delivered , and not confounded ; for this direction is holden forth to us in this example , which our Lord Jesus could well make use of for our consolation , and whereof David made use for his owne upholding . 6. But I am a worm and no man , a reproach of men , and despised of the people . 7 All they that see me , laugh me to scorne : they shoot out the lip , they shake the head , saying , 8 He trusted on the Lord , that he would deliver him : let him deliver him , seeing he delighted in him . The second conflict , wherein the sense of trouble is set forth as a new assaulting of Faith. Whence learn , 1. Never was any child of God before Christ , under so much misery as Christ was himself : His own heavens , his own Father , his own Godhead did hide their face and consolation from him : Our sins willingly taken on him , and Gods wrath pressed the weight of punishment with the full power of Justice , both upon his soule and body : These for whom he died despised him , he himselfe being emptied of all things which make men respected to the world , and depressed lower then ever any man was , as a worme to be trod upon , he was made a matter of common talk , and reproach in all mens mouths ; set at naught by the basest of the people ; derided , and scorned in his most holy behaviour ; sport , and matter of laughter was made of his sufferings ; malice feeding it selfe with pleasure , upon his paine and misery , and expressing it selfe with the basest signes of disgrace , which disdain could devise , for flouting of him , mocking of his saving doctrine , and faithful testimony given unto it ; insulting over him , as if he had been neither Gods Son , nor an honest man : and all this was counted little enough for satisfaction to Justice exacting of him , as the due punishment of our sins , whatsoever is imported in the sad expressions , set down in the Text. 2. As the more misery the children of God are under , the more doth tentation make their misery seem weighty , for bearing downe of their confidence in God : So the more that misery seemeth to grow , and the world to turn their back on Gods children in their tryals , the more should they draw neer to God , and lay out their case before him , as here we are taught by this example . 3. Let no man wonder to be despised of men , and mocked for religion ; for so was the man according to Gods own heart , and Christ our Lord mocked more then any , in his sad sufferings . Let God deliver him , seeing he delighteth in him , said his enemies . 9 But thou art he that took me out of the wombe ; thou didst make me hope when I was upon my Mothers brests . 10 I was cast upon thee from the wombe : thou art my God from my mothers belly . 11 Be not far from me , for trouble is neer ; for there is none to help . Here faith opposeth whatsoever the complaint could import , to the prejudice of confidence , and laboureth to strengthen it selfe by all arguments . Whence learn , 1. As Satan maketh assault after assault , against Faith , upon new representations of calamity and misery ; so we should raise bulwark after bulwark for defence ; and after we have looked upon other mens experiences before us , we should recount our own experiences of Gods are towards us , and should make use of all that the Lord hath done unto us , for our strengthning ; for so doth this example teach us . 2. Albeit men in a fit of misbelief , will admit no proofe of Gods respect unto them , except singularities , and wil question also speciall grace , when it is given ; yet the humbled believer is so wise , as to make use of the most common benefit which the man hath received from God for confirmation of his owne faith ; even the ordinary work of our conception , frame of body , birth , and education may suffice us to draw in to God who made us , and hath done so much for us ( ere we could implore him , or doe any thing for our selves ) as may incourage us to come to him , and seek his favour , whatsoever objection can be made to the contrary ; for this example teacheth us so to doe . 3. Seeing the Lord doth many things for us , which in the time when he doth them for us , we doe not observe ; it is our duty to look upon them afterwards , that they may furnish us with matter of praise to God and faith in him ; for so doth this example teach us . 4. Whatsoever instruments and means the Lord maketh use of , the spirituall eye pierceth through them , and looketh on God as worker of all things , for and upon them , from their cradle . Thou tookest me out of my mothers wombe . 5. Children borne within the Covenant have God for their God , from their nativity , and may lay their reckoning so ; and whensoever they would draw neer to God , to make use of the Covenant , they may say , Thou art my God from my mothers belly . 6. The approaching of trouble , and neernesse of danger should draw us neer to God ; who in an instant can interpose himself between us and the evil : and the lesse help we have beside the Lord himselfe , the more hope may we have to be helped by God ; This is the Prophets plea , Be not far from me , for trouble is neer , &c. 12 Many Buls have compassed me : strong buls of Bashan have beset me round . 13 They gaped upon me with their mouths , as a ravening and roaring Lion. From ver . 12. to 22. is the third conflict of Sense with Faith , upon the consideration of the multitude , power and cruelty of his enemies , compared with his owne infirmity , now emptied of all strength to resist them ; and these are mixed one with another . The enemies terriblenesse is first set forth , then his emptinesse and weaknesse by turnes , to v. 19. unto all which faith opposeth it selfe , by prayer to God , to v. 22 , He compareth ( v. 12 , 13. ) his persecuters to Buls , many buls , strong , cruel , gaping , roaring , devouring Lions . Whence learn , 1. The persecuters of Christ and his people , are but beastly , sensual bodies , sold to this present world , and destitute of grace and humility ; more like in their rage to savage beasts then to rationall men ; commonly also they are men of riches , and worldly power , fed and fat Buls ; and many in number , all of them ready for an ill turne , and so cruel , that nothing lesse wil satisfie them , then blood and slaughter , as they are here described . And no wonder that Christs servants shall finde it so in their case , seeing Christ himselfe and his servants before us have had experience of such enemies . 14 I am poured out like water , and all my bones are out of joynt : my heart is like wax , it is melted in the midst of my bowels . 15 My strength is dryed up like a potsheard : and my tongue cleaveth to my jawes ; and thou hast brought me into the dust of death . What the Lord wrought upon his body , and natural spirits , and strength , is here set downe . Whence learn , 1. It was determined by God , that with outward persecution of Christ , by his cruel adversaries , the Father should bruise him and breake him inwardly also , and punish him with all severity : for here his suffering is in body and mind , in flesh and bones , in his natural spirit , and natural courage , in heart , and whole strength , that in nothing he should be unpunished , wherein we sinners are found polluted ; to the intent that he being fully emptied , the ransome might be full ; he is poured out like water , and emptied of all that the created humane nature could furnish . The terrour of Divine Justice and wrath did in a manner loose all the joynts of his body , so that natural courage , before the dreadfull avenger of sin , did fail : his heart was made soft like wax to receive and keep the impression of Divine terrour , til justice should be satisfied , and was dissolved like wax , in the point of resolution to withstand it . It is melted in the midst of his bowels , his natural strength is dryed , burnt up like a potsheard , baken in the fire , his mouth was stopped from all defence and apology ; for he was content to be holden as guilty , standing in our room . Therefore his tongue cleaved to his jawes . And in a word , the hand of God exacteth the full price of him , and brings him downe so , as there is not a bit of him free of the punishment . Thou , saith he , hast brought me into the dust of death . This David had but a taste of in his deepest trouble : The verity and weight of this , is to be found only in Christ , of whom this was prophecied , that it should come , and indeed is come , done and ended , and so it behoved to be . 16. For dogs have compassed me , the assembly of the wicked have inclosed me : they pierced my hands and my feete . Againe he bringeth forth his enemies part , to shew us that Christs enemies were to prove but bloody dogs , when they should be let loose upon him , whom nothing but Crucifie him , crucifie him , could satisfie : and such will they be still who persecute his Church . Next , to shew , that although his enemies were to be the assembly of the visible Church , for open profession , yet by rejecting of his grace , and opposing of him , in Gods sight and estimation , they were holden for the assembly of the wicked . Thirdly , to foreshew the death of the Crosse to be appointed for Christ , it is said , They pierced my hands and my feet . 17. I may tell all my bones : they looke and stare upon me . 18. They part my garments among them , and cast lots upon my vesture . Another , and further point of Christs fore-prophecied suffering , is his nakednesse on the Crosse , and the discovery of his leane body ( being wasted with decreed sorrowes ) and the gazing of his enemies upon him hanging on the Crosse , and the parting of his garments among the souldiers , and the casting of lots for his upper garment , because it was woven , and could not be divided . Whence learne , 1. All that our Lord Jesus suffered , was before decreed and agreed upon , betwixt the Father and the Son , and foretold by Christ himselfe long before his incarnation , speaking by his Spirit in his Prophets , as here appeareth , by the description of our Lords death and passion , so plainly and particularly , as if it were a History , and not a prophecy . 2. Beside paine of body , leannesse of flesh , with daily sorrowes and trouble of spirit , the least disgrace done to our Lord , the least wrong , a look unto him , the least injurie in the matter of his ●loathing , are all reckoned up in his sufferings , all counted up in the price of redemption , that there may be nothing inlacking in the punishment of our cautioner , wherby Gods justice might be satistisfied , or our consciences quieted , for the expiation of our sin , by his suffering in body , soul , same , apparell , and every other thing else , wherein justice could overtake the guil●y . Ver. 19. But be not thou far from me , O Lord , O my strength , hast thee to help me . Unto this last assault , faith opposeth prayer for divine assistance , for strength to bear out , and for delivery ; in all which he was heard . Whence learn , 1. Faith is made victorious over all assaults , by opening of its tentations to God , and putting up prayer to him for help , as here is seen . 2. If God shall not withdarw his sweet presence for supporting a soul , albeit it should not finde his presence for comforting of it , supporting presence may suffice in a time of sad exercise : for this much did satisfie our God in his agony . Be not thou far from me , O Lord. 3. Faith findeth God to be its strength when the believer is emptied of his own strength ; O my strength , saith David the type , and Christ as man by him represented . 4. As the hast of our necessity doth require , we may without limitation request the Lord to haste : Haste thee to help me . Ver. 20. Deliver my soul from the sword : my darling from the power of the dog . 21. Save me from the lions mouth : for thou hast heard me from the horns of the unicorns . He prayeth to be delivered from the violent blood-shedder , and bloudy doggish persecuter , and from the cruell lion-like oppressour , and then saith presently , that he is heard and delivered from the power of the enemies which were setting upon him as Unicorns . Now concerning David , the matter is clear ▪ for he was delivered so from his enemies , that they got not his life : But of Christ the question may be , how he was delivered , seeing his life is taken : For answer , Christ here doth say , that he was delivered ; and so it was indeed ; for when he had payed the price , he was not holden by the bonds of death , and the grave , but rose again the third day . Whence learne , 1. Christ was no lesse delivered from dogs , lións , unicorns , his persecuting enemies , by his resurrection after death , then if he had been taken out of their hands , when they came to apprehend him in the Garden ; yea , this delivery out of the grave , was a farre greater delivery then if he had not been slain at all : For then he had delivered himself onely , and not us : But now by the laying down of his life , he hath discharged himself of his suretiship for us , and delivered us with himself , and so hath saved both himselfe and us ; yea , by his rising out of the grave , he is demonstrate more fully to be the Son of God , then by any of his miraculous escapings out from the hands of the multitude , when they were about to apprehend him . Thou hast heard me , that is , delivered me . 2. To get victory over trouble , is a no lesse glorious delivery from trouble , then to be preserved from falling into trouble ; yea , it s a more glorious delivery . For the troubles are broken , by falling on the believer , like waves of the sea on the rock , and the believer remaineth victor , and setled as a rock . 3. It is a notable argument of confidence to be heard by way of delivery , when a man can say he hath in extremity of danger prayed , and hath been heard as a Supplicant : Save me , for thou hast heard me from the horns of the unicorns . Ver. 22. I will declare thy name unto my brethren : in the midst of the congregation will I praise thee . After the conflict , the victory and out-gate by way of thanksgiving is set down , to the end of the Psalme : wherein Davids part is but a little shadow , and is swallowed up here in Christs glory , shining in the fruits of his passion and resurrection . Learn from Davids part : That delivery foreseen by faith , worketh in some sort the effects of the delivery past in effect ; to wit , quietnesse , peace , joy , and thanksgiving ; as here is to be seen . From Christs part promising and prophecying of the fruits of his death and resurrection , Learn 1. Christ , though he be God Almighty , yet by reason of his incarnation , for the redeemeds sake , he is not ashamed to call them Brethren . 2. The preaching of the Gospel of Christs satisfaction for our sins by death , and of his resurrection for our justification , is the matter of great praise to God , and comfort to the redeemed : I will declare , saith Christ , thy name to my brethren . 3. In the right preaching of the Gospel , the Ministers are in effect but Christs voice . Christ himselfe is the principall Prophet and Preacher : For I , saith he , will declare thy name in the midst of the great Congregation ; to wit , of the whole Catholick Church on earth . Ver. 23. Ye that fear the Lord , praise him , all ye the seed of Iacob , glorifie him , and fear him , all ye the seed of Israel . 24 For he hath not despised , nor abhorred the affliction of the afflicted : neither hath he hid his face from him , but when he cried unto him , he heard . He exhorteth all that fear God , to praise and glorifie God , because of Christs victory , and Gods hearkening unto his intercession made for the redeemed . Whence learn , 1. Such as are made partakers of the benefit of Christs passion , and resurrection , are chiefly called , and bound to praise God for their redemption , and to fear God more and more , that they may be more and more fitted to praise and glorifie him ; for of a sanctified mouth onely will God accept praise . Ye that fear the Lord , praise him ; All ye seed of Iacob , glorifie him ; and fear him , all ye the seed of Israel . 2 The Fathers hearkening unto Christs intercession , and delivering of him from our sin , and our deserved punishment laid upon him , is the common benefit of all the redeemed , the matter of their common thanksgiving and praise , and the matter of their assurance of their delivery from sin and death ; Of the certainty of which delivery Christs deliverance is both a cause , and a pawn . For he hath not hid his face from him , but when he cried , he heard him . 3. Neither the sense of a mans own meanesse , and despicablenesse , nor the mean estimation that the world hath of him , will prejudge him when he is supplicant at the Lords hand . For he hath not despised , nor abhorred the afflictions of the afflicted . 25 My praise shall be of thee in the great congregation : I will pay my vowes before them that fear him . He reneweth the promise of thanksgiving , which as it concerneth David , teacheth , 1. That the purpose of praising of God , is no light motion in the hearts of his children , when the Lord hath given them experience of his respect to them ; but a fixed and solid resolution to set forth the goodnesse of God before others . For here he reneweth his promise to praise . 2. The Lord , and the Lord only , is the Theme which the believer handleth in point of praise ; no other subject of praise acknowledgeth he ; My praise shall be of thee , &c. 3. The opportunity of time , place and persons , offered for praising of God , ought to be taken , and made use of by every one , according to their calling : My praise shall be of thee in the great congregation . 4. Duties , specially when lying upon us by vow or oaths , ought to be the more heeded , and made conscience of : I will pay my vowes before them that fear him . As this concerns Christs undertaking , it teacheth , 1. The Son of God , and promised Son of David , Christ Jesus , by all the work of redemption , studieth , as to bring salvation to his elect , so to honour the Father , saying here , My praise shal be of thee in the great congregation . 2. Albeit our Lord hath finished all his undertaking for the payment of the price and ransome of redemption , yet hath he not yet performed all which he hath undertaken for making use of his purchased salvation , unto the enlarging of the glory of his Father , and gathering into the great congregation all his redeemed ones to be worshippers of the Father in spirit and truth : But as he is still upon this work from generation to generation , so is he willing still to lie under this engagement , and these vowes , till he perform them to the full : I will pay my vowes before them that fear him . Ver. 26. The meek shall eat and be satisfied : they shall praise the Lord that seek him ; your heart shall live for ever . He alludeth to the manner of offering of peace offerings , where the godly friends concurring in the thanksgiving , had a share in the feast of what was sacrificed . Whence learn , 1. The mercy bestowed upon one of the godly , serveth to refresh the souls of the rest ; and in speciall there is a banquet prepared for the souls of the redeemed by the purchase of Christs sacrifice , whereof the humbled believer is made partaker : The meek shall eat , and be satisfied . 2. Albeit the believer , at all times , do not find the sweetnesse of this feast , but be put to work after a meal received , put to fight after a feast , and made hungry after a new meal , and be made to pray for it , and to seek after the Lord in the use of the means , yet shall he eat again in due time , and be satisfied : For they shall praise the Lord that seek him , is as much as they that seek him , shall find so much as shall make them both to have cause of praising , and also in effect to praise him . 3. Whatsoever alterations or vicissitudes of things be in the condition of humble believers , seeking more and more communion with God , they may be sure of eternal life , beside what they get by way of earnest in this life . For the Spirit of the Lord directing his speech to them , hath said , Your heart shall live for ever . Ver. 27. All the ends of the world shall remember , and turn unto the Lord ; and all the kindreds of the nations shall worship before thee . 28. For the Kingdome is the Lords , and he is the Governour among the nations . Now followeth speciall prophesies of the enlargement of Christs Kingdome , wherein the Prophet by the Spirit of prophesie doth speak , and teach us , 1. That the calling of the Gentiles after Christs resurrection , was a concluded matter with God , whereof he gave warning long before it came , which though it be come to passe , yet not in so ample a measure , as may be yet further expected , because for the making of these words yet more clearly seen to be fulfilled , it shall come to passe , that all the ends of the world shall remember . 2. So long as men shall lye unconverted , they know not what they are doing , they are as men sleeping or distracted , not making use so much as of the very principles of truth , which by the light of common reason from inspection of the creatures may be learned , concerning the invisible things of God ; But when the light of Christs Gospel shineth in upon their heart , They are made to remember and turn to the Lord. 3. Such as are converted , do make God the object of their worship , do imbrace his ordinances , and subject themselves to his lawes and discipline ; For they worship before him , become subjects to him , and that by the powerfull subduing of them to himself : For the Kingdome is the Lords , and he is Governour among the nations . Ver. 29 All they that be fat upon earth shall eat and worship : all they that go downe to the dust shall bow before him , and none can keep alive his own soul. 30. A seed shall serve him : It shall be accounted to the Lord for a generation . 31. They shall come , and declare his righteousnesse unto a people that shal be born , that he hath done this . A further clearing of this Prophesie of Christs Kingdome enlarged among the Gentiles . Whence learn , 1. That Kings , Rulers , and Magistrates shall have no cause of jealousie from Christs Kingdome , and his governing over nations . For so many of them as shall imbrace Jesus Christ , not only may brook their places , honours , riches , and all lawfull benefits , wherein their fatnesse and worldly welfare seemeth to consist , but also shall be made partakers of the delicates of the Lords house , which shall so satisfie their soules , as they shall count his Gospel their choice chear , and shall blesse God for his consolations ; for it s promised to all Christs true subjects , who are in high place , All they that be fat upon earth shall eat and worship . 2. As the highest condition worldly shall not be hurt by obedience to Christ , but helped , for the benefit of the true believer ; so believers in the meanest condition they can be in on earth , shall find reliefe , comfort , and making up of all their inlacks in Jesus Christ , and shall fall downe and worship their rich and bountiful Lord : All that goe down to the dust shall bow before him . 3. Whosoever shall not come to Christ to be saved by him shall perish , and they that come unto him , shall be forced to hold their salvation of him . For none can keepe alive his owne soule : This is the proper worke of the only Saviour Jesus . 4. Albeit every particular person , in every Nation , and Kingdome , be not converted unto Christ : yet so many persons of all ranks , out of all nations , shall be converted , as shall make evident Christs power , and Soveraignty , to conquer subjects to himselfe at his pleasure , even as many as may perpetuate his Kingdome , and the succession of worshippers of him from one generation to another ; For a seed shall serve him , it shall bee accounted to the Lord for a generation : He wil make little reckoning of the rest , whom he converteth not . 5. Albeit there be little appearance of accomplishing prophesies and promises of the propagation of Christs Kingdome from age to age , yet the promise and prophecie shal be fulfilled . They shall come , who shall receive the Doctrine of Christs righteousnesse by faith in him , and shall declare this righteousnesse of faith , and Gods faithfulnesse in promise keeping , to another generation , unto a people that shal be born . 6. The whole work of redemption , converting of souls , comforting of souls , propagation of the doctrine of righteousnesse , and manifestation of Gods glory thereby , shall from age to age be declared to be the work of God himselfe , which he doth by his instruments , and means . They shall declare to their children , and successours , that God hath done this ; to wit , all that is spoken of here , or elsewhere in his word : To a people that shall be born , that he hath done this . PSAL. XXIII . A Psalme of David . This Psalme is the expression of the Prophets confidence in Gods grace , wherein from the setling himself in the belief of our covenanted relation , between God and him , he doth draw sundry comfortable conclusions and confirmations of faith , from it , concerning the Lords furnishing every necessary good thing to him , ver . 1 , 2. For recovery of him from every evill condition , wherein he may fall , ver . 3 ▪ And for assisting and comforting him in the greatest danger he could fall into , ver . 4. And for making him blessed in despite of his enemies , ver . 5. And for his continuing in Gods grace , and fellowship for ever , ver . 6. Ver. 1. THe Lord is my Shepherd , I shall not want . HE layeth down for a ground his relation to God , & thence confirmeth his assurance to have the fruits thereof . Whence learn , 1. The Lord is content to demit himselfe to be compared unto any thing which may import his love , and respect , and care of his own . As here for our comfort he is pleased to be called a Shepherd . 2. The grounds of our faith in God , making us to have right unto him by covenant , should be solidly laid , and these being firmly laid , then comfortable conclusions may , and should be drawn from thence , as here the Prophet doth . 3. In speciall , whatsoever sweet relation the believer standeth in with God , he may assure himselfe of all the fruits , and good , which that relation can import . As here having said , The Lord is my Shepherd , he assureth himself then , he shall not want ; to wit ' what such a Shepherd , seeth necessary for such a sheep . Ver. 2. He maketh me to lie down in green pastures ; be leadeth we beside the still waters . 3. He restoreth my soul : he leadeth me in the paths of righteousnesse , for his Names sake . He goeth on numbring the benefits following from the foresaid relation ; partly shewing what experience he hath had , partly assuring himself what further to find . Whence learn , 1. As the Shepherd provideth good and wholesome pasture for his sheep , and a place of safety and rest , with the commodity of all needfull refreshment of calme running waters : So doth the Lord furnish the food of life to the believer with quiet rest , and satisfaction of timous consolation , by his word and Spirit : He maketh me lie down in green pastures , &c. 2. It is possible through the evill that is in us , we fall in decay of graces , in sicknesses of divers sorts ; yea , and that we wander away from the Shepherd , and the society of the flock sometime . In which case we should perish , if our carefull Lord did not apply himselfe to our necessities , to relieve us ; for it is he that restoreth our soul. It is he that reclaimeth us from our wandrings : it is he that directeth us , and keepeth us from going on still in by-paths . He leadeth me , saith he , in the paths of righteousnesse . 3. It is not for any good we deserve , or have done , or can do , for which he taketh such care of his weak and foolish children . It is for the glory of his free-grace , constant love , and sworn covenant , even for his own Names sake . Ver. 4. Yea though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death , I will fear none evill ; for thou art with me ; thy rod and thy staffe they comfort me . He presupposeth he may fall in new , and harder troubles , then ever he fell in before , and yet hopes to be delivered therefrom . Hence learn , 1. The believer in his best condition may not promise to himselfe immunity from trouble , or perils ; but must prepare for the worst , even to be put to extreme danger of perishing , and in such darknesse as were most like , and near ( unto death ) To walke through the valley of the shadow of death , where sheep may fall in the pit , or be fallen upon by every devouring beast in the dark . 2. The fruit of former delivery out of trouble , should encourage us to hope for deliverance out of whatsoever new trouble we may fal into , as the Prophets example doth teach . 3. Faith after a victory is very stout and hath warrant indeed to be so , and may , and should resolve to be stout by Gods grace ; howsoever when trouble cometh ( which is the touch-stone of the strength of faith ) it may discover weaknesse for a time . For here David saith , I will feare no evil , though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death . 4. The consideration of Gods covenanted presence with his own in trouble , and of his power to protect , and deliver them , and of his wisdom and goodnesse to make his own profit by troubles ▪ may , and should comfort the believer against the fear of perishing in whatsoever trouble . For David giveth this as a reason of not fearing evil . Thou art with me , thy rod and thy staffe they comfort me . 5. Thou preparest a Table before me in the presence of mine enemies , thou annointest my head with oyl , my Cup runneth over . From the grounds of his Faith , confirmed by experience , he seeth stil satisfaction from God , who giveth the banquet to him , as it were in his enemies sight . Whence learn , Albeit somtime the believer may be put to hardship and hazard , for trying and training of his faith ; yet sometimes also the Lord wil give him rich evidents of his love and kindnesse unto him , if not in both outward and inward benefits , yet at least in spiritual consolations comparable to a royal feast , as here , Thou preparest a Table before me . 2. Although the enemies of the godly , are not few , both bodily and spiritual , all concurring to mar● the felicity of the Lords children , yet shal they not be able to hinder their sense now and then of satisfactory blessedness maugre them al ; for as oft as God seeth fit , he giveth his own the banquet , in the presence of his enemies . 3. When it pleaseth the Lord to comfort a believer , and to give him the banquet , there is nothing wanting , during the time of the Lords comfortable entertaining of him , which may strengthen him , or rejoyce him ; but as much given unto him sensibly , as may make him say , Thou annointest my head with oyl , and my cup runneth over , Psal. 92.10 . & 104.15 . 6. Surely goodnesse and mercy shal follow me all the dayes of my life : and I will dwell in the house of the Lord for ever . He sheweth that in his former speeches , be meant not of earthly benefits , although these also be worthy of acknowledgment , and of thanksgiving for them ; But of spiritual mercies , by this , that he is assured of the continuance thereof , in this life , and in the life to come . Whence learn. 1. The delight and satisfaction of the believer is not in any earthly portion , but in Gods good wil and pity toward him ; Gods goodnesse and mercy is the matter of his contentment . 2. An humble believer , who in his own eyes is like a weake witlesse sheep , and yet doth follow the Shepherd , may assure himselfe from the Covenant relation between God and him , of the constancy of Gods good will , and actual outletting of liberal gifts of good things unto him , and of removing of evils , both of sin , and of the fruits of it , and be perswaded of his own perseverance in the way to salvation , all the dayes of his life ; for here is an instance for it , Surely goodnesse and mercy shall follow me all the dayes of my life . 3. As a believer may be assured of the constant course of Gods love to follow him , and of his own preserving in the way of life , so may he be perswaded of eternal life , and everlasting communion with God in heaven . And this perfecteth the felicity of the believer ; and no lesse can do it then this ; I will dwell in the house of the Lord for ever . PSAL. XXIV . A Psalm of David . The Psalmist having in the first place set down Gods Lordship in the world , that he may therby commend the special Prerogative of the true Church , ver . 1 , 2. describeth in the next place the true Citizens of this spiritual Kingdom , ver . 3 , 4 , 5 , 6. And exhorteth in the third place all Incorporations , and in special the visible Church , to accept the offer of a more intire communion with God in Christ , that they may enjoy the spiritual priviledges of the subjects of the invisible and spirituall Kingdome , v. 7 , 8 , 9 , 10. v. 1. THe Earth is the Lords , and the fulness therof ; the world , and they that dwell therein . 2. For he hath founded it upon the seas , and established it upon the floods . From the Lordship and Soveraignty of God over all the world . Learne , 1. The Lords power and authority over the Saints , considered in their natural condition , is no lesse then over the rest of the world , and the Lord is no more bound to one then to another , laying aside the decree of his own good will and pleasure ; The earth is the Lords and the fulnesse thereof , the world and they that dwel therein . 2. The earth is so ful of the riches of Gods bounty toward man as it can hold ; and the standing miracle of the dry land , lifted up contrary to the nature of that element , which is to be under and not above , and much higher then the element of water ; is a standing evidence of Gods power and care imployed to make a habitation for man ; For he hath founded the earth upon the seas , and established it upon the floods , commanding the element of water to goe down below the earth , as if it were the foundation thereof . 3 Who shall ascend into the hill of the Lord ? and who shall stand in his holy place ? 4 Hee that hath clean hands , and a pure heart , who hath not lift up his soul unto vanity , nor sworn deceitfully . 5 He shal receive the blessing from the Lord : and righteousnesse from the God of his salvation . 6 This is the generation of them that seek him : that seek thy face , O Iacob . Selah . In the second place he cometh to the special dominion of God and Christ in the Church , and asketh for the marks and priviledges of the true subjects of this Kingdome . Whence learne , 1. God hath chosen a Church out of all the earth , to be his peculiar people , with whom he may converse , and to whom he may give priviledg of communion for ever with himselfe ; he hath his own holy & high hil , he hath his own holy place , to wit , a holy universal Church , represented by the hil of Sion , lifted up above the inferiour valleys ; he hath his holy Tabernacle , where he giveth the signes of his presence , separate from the common multitude , and wordly affairs ; who shall ascend into the hil of the Lord , and who shall stand in his holy place ? He compareth the invisible Church , to a hill or mountain , and the holy place , because Gods true Church indeed for firmnesse , durablenesse , dignity above all other Incorporations , and spiritual sublimity , is like a hill above the plaine , lifted up above all the world , a holy society , wherein God delighteth to dwel . 2. Not every one who is a member of the visible Church , but only true Converts , who make up the invisible Church , have the honour and happinesse of ascending unto the spiritual use , end , meaning and profit of the Ordinances of God in his Church , and of keeping constant communion with God in heaven , represented by standing in the holy place . Therefore for stirring up of outward professors of religion , to examine themselves , lest they be mistaken and so perish ; the question is here made to God to shew who shall ascend to his hill , and who shall stand in his holy place . 3. The marks of a Citizen of the invisible Church and Kingdome of God , are such only , as God and a mans own conscience can soundly judg of ; to wit , faith in God , manifested by endeavoured sanctity of thoughts , words , and deeds , by way of obedience to the First and Second Table in sincerity : for hee must after Covenanting with God by Faith , which makes him a subject , study also cleanness of hands , or innocency of life , and that out of a pure heart , cleansed by the blood of sprinkling for justification , and by the clean water of begun sanctification ; And therefore he must not any more look upon the deceitful baits of sin , with a longing desire to have them ; for that were to lift up his soul unto vanity . Neither must he mis-regard an oath , whether in or after the taking of it ; for that were to swear deceitfully , seeming to stand in awe of God when he doth not fear him at all . 4. Every believer who setteth himself to bring forth the fruits of his faith in obedience to Gods law , shal have a gracious reward , he shal receive the blessing from the Lord. 5. The holy life of the true believer , is not the cause of his justification before God , by reason of the imperfection thereof , and impossibility to satisfie the Law thereby ; But he shal receive justification and eternal life , as a free gift from God , by vertue of the Covenant of grace : therefore it is said here , That he shall receive righteousnesse from the God of his salvation . 6. Whosoever they be within the visible Church , who have the marks of true Covenanters , such as are here described , yea , whosoever are seeking God , to make them such ; whosoever are seeking reconciliation with God , and communion with him , whether they be Iewes or Gentiles , bound or free , male or female ; they are the generation , that shal ascend and dwel in Gods holy place ; for this is the generation of them that seeke him . The generation that seek thy face ( saith he to God. ) This is the true Iacob , the true heir of the promises . Ver. 7. Lift up your heads , O ye gates , and be ye lift up ye everlasting doors , and the King of glory shal come in . 8 Who is this King of glory ? the Lord strong and mighty , the Lord mighty in battel . 9. Lift up your heads , O ye gates , even lift them up ye everlasting doors , and the King of glory shall come in . 10. Who is this King of glory ? the Lord of hosts , he is the King of glory . Selah . In the third place , having described these persons who shall surely dwel in heaven with God , he exhorteth all the members of the visible Church , to the intent they may receive righteousnesse and salvation from God , ( who is in covenant with his Church ) heartily to welcome Christ Jesus , the King of glory , and Lord of hosts , dwelling in the midst of them in the Tabernacle , shadowing forth and signifying his coming in the flesh , by his giving oracles from the Ark of the covenant , defending them , feeding them , and fighting their battels , and at length in Davids time ascending on Mount Sion , he and the Ark of the covenant triumphantly , to let them see in a shadow , how after his great battels , foughten for our redemption , he should ascend to heaven , and make way for his subjects to come up after him , to dwel with him : He exhorteth , I say , patent doors to be made unto him , where-ever he offereth himselfe to Kingdomes , Cities , Incorporations , visible Churches , Families , and hearts of men in special . Whence learn , 1. The way to make men true Converts , true believers , true Saints , and inheriters of heaven , is to receive Christ heartily and honourably , to cast up doors in hearty consent of faith and love , like triumphant Archers for welcoming so glorious a conquerour to be their guest ; Lift up your heads , O ye gates , &c. 2. Whosoever shall receive the offer , and open the heart to him , he shall close covenant with him ; Be ye lift up ye everlasting doors , and the King of glory shall come in . 3. He is an unknown King till he bee manifested to us ; and such as are wise , when they hear of him , will seek to know him . Who is this King of glory ? will be their question . 4. Such as seek to know Christ , shall indeed have experimental knowledge of him : That he is able to save them to the uttermost , to work all their work for them , to defend them from their adversaries , and to give them compleat victory ; He is the Lord strong and mighty , the Lord mighty in battel . 5. We have need again and again to hear the offer of Christs grace , and to be wakened up to observe Christ , and his glory : need to be exhorted again and again to open our hearts wide to him . Lift up your heads , ye gates , the second time . 6. Christ is indeed glorious , and a glorious King , in all the passages of redemption , and salvation of his people ; albeit the ignorance and unbeliefe , and the crosses , and troubles following his Kingdome in this world , do obscure his glory to the carnal eye : And therefore no wonder , that men do oftner move the question about his Kingdom and Glory , asking Who is the King of glory ? 7. Christ Jesus ( whose ascention was prefigured by the ascending of the Ark upon Mount Sion , convoyed with David , and all Israel , ) as he is true man , so he is also very God Almighty , one with the Father , and Holy Spirit , in his God-head : for The Lord of hosts he is the King of glory . PSAL. XXV . A Psalm of David . In this Psalm the Prophet being in danger of his life by his enemies without , and troubled with the sense of sin within , maketh his prayer for reliefe from both , mixing meditation with prayer along the Psalme , for strengthening of his faith : So first he prayeth from v. 1. to v. 8. then meditateth , v. 8 9.10 . In the third room he prayeth again , v. 11 , In the fourth is a new meditation , v. 12 , 13 , 14 , 15. In the last room is a prayer from v 16 to the end . Ver 1 UNto thee , O Lord , do I lift up my soule . 2. O my God , I trust in thee ; let mee not be ashamed : let not mine enemies triumph over me . 3. Yea , let none that wait on thee be ashamed : let them be ashamed which transgresse without cause . In the entry of his prayer , he draweth his eye off all reliefe save God alone , and fixeth his trust upon him , and then prayeth : Whence learne , 1. It is necessary for a Supplicant , if he would have help from God , to loose his confidence off all creature help , and set his eye and heart on God , as David here lifteth up his soul to God. 2. Faith in God , fixed on the covenant , giveth wings to the soul , as misbeliefe causeth it to sink : O my God , saith he , I lift up my soule , I trust in thee . 3. It is not enough to act faith in time of a strait ; but it is profitable to observe also the least measure of faith bestowed on us , and to entertain it , were it never so little , and to avow it that it may be fixed when we go to pray : for before David put up any petition , he prefixeth , I lift my soul to thee , I trust in thee : for otherwise the prayer of the Supplicant can find no footing . 4. The believing Supplicant shall never be disapointed of promised help : nor shall the hope and expectation of the enemies of God be satisfied : He will not suffer the believer to be ashamed , nor the enemy long to triumph . 5. The godly in their prayer are not selfish , nor suiters for singularities to bee granted unto them , but are content , yea , and desirous , that all other believers may share in their mercies : Yea , let none that wait for thee be ashamed , saith he . 6. The godly shall not want enemies , albeit they give no offence to the world : for carnal hope and expectation to obtain worldly gaine by opposing of the godly , may , and usually doth , set the wicked on work against them ; but they that look to have advantage that way , shal be close disappointed ; for the godly shal escape their snare , and they shal lose their hoped advantage , and shal gain to themselves nothing save shame , and a mischief : For let them be ashamed that transgresse without a cause , is an induring petition , and a granted petition against them . Ver. 4. Shew me thy wayes , O Lord , teach me thy paths . 5. Lead me in thy truth , and teach me : for thou art the God of my salvation ; on thee do I wait all the day . 6. Remember , O Lord , thy tender mercies , and thy loving kindnesses : for they have been ever of old . Here he prayeth for grace to behave himselfe holily under his exercise , and to have renewed experiences of mercies , such as he had felt formerly . Whence learn , 1. The understanding of the way how the Lord useth to deal with his children , serveth greatly for patient bearing of affliction ; and the best way to eschew the snare of adversaries , is to carry our selves holily . Therefore prayeth David four times to be instructed , and effectually taught , and guided in the wayes and paths of Gods truth , or faithfull word . 2. Because the Lord in covenanting with us , taketh the work of our salvation in hand , not to lay it down till he have perfected it ; he alloweth his children , in all particular difficulties , to hold this ground , and constantly to expect the accomplishment thereof , whatsoever strait they fall into : and to wait for direction how to behave themselves , till it be perfected : for David giveth this for a reason of his prayer , Thou art the God of my salvation ; on thee do I wait all the day long . 3. Though the course of kindnesse and mercy seem to be interrupted by affliction , and temporall desertion , and to be forgotten on Gods part ; yet faith must make use of experiences , and read them over unto God out of the register of a sanctified memory , as a recorder to him , that cannot forget : Remember thy tender mercies O Lord , and thy loving kindnesses . 4. Mercies and kindnesses sometimes felt , may be , and should be followed up unto the very fountain of eternall love , and election , from which they came ; so shall the channel be opened , and run clear with fresh consolation so much the sooner ; Remember thy mercies to me , for they have been ever of old . Ver. 7. Remember not the sins of my youth , nor my transgressions : according to thy mercy remember thou me , for thy goodnesse sake , O Lord. He laboure●● to have his sins removed , as the chiefe impediment of the granting of his prayer : Whence learn , 1. New affliction● may easily renew the sense of old sins , even from the time of youth , albeit forgiven of God , and forgotten by the beliveever , and the tempter can make use thereof against faith in the day of trouble ; in which case the believer without losse may read over blotted accompts , and renew petitions for pardon : Remember not , saith David , the sins of my youth , nor my transgressions . 2. As God holdeth two Courts in a mans conscience , concerning sin ; one of justice , according to the Law , or Covenant of works ; another of mercy , according to the Gospel , and Covenant of grace offered in the Mediatour , which is posteriour to the other Court ; wherein the man who hath glorified justice , and acknowledged his sin , and deserved perdition , is pardoned ; ( for the ransome paid by the Messiah Christ Jesus the Mediatour , to whom the sinner is fled for refuge : ) So the believer hath two reckonings with God , about his sins . One according to justice , and another according to mercy ; and albeit the believer will never refuse to read , acknowledge , and subscribe again and again , the first reckoning to be just , yet he will not stand to that reckoning for payment ; but will hold him to the last bargain of grace , and mercy , and goodnesse , which cleareth the claim of the first accompt : for this is Davids practise here , that the first accompt may be forgotten : Remember not the sins of my youth . And that the last accompt and rekoning may stand , and be held in memory , saying , According to thy mercy , remember thou me ▪ 3. For evidencing the stability of the accompt of mercy for pardoning of sin , the glory of Gods goodnesse is laid in pawn in the covenant ; and that holdeth all fast unto the believer : Therefore , saith he , Remember , for thy goodnesse sake , O Lord. Ver. 8. Good and upright is the Lord : therefore will he teach sinners in the way . 9 The meek will he guide in judgement : and the meek will he teach his way . 10 All the pathes of the Lord 〈◊〉 mercy and truth , unto such as keep his covenant , and his testimonies . In the second place after praying , he falleth upon a meditation of the grace and good will of God to a believer , and of his mercifull dealing with him in every condition . Whence learn , 1. In the secret exercise of the Sants , a pause may be usefully made in prayer , and a meditation , or soliloquie may be fallen upon , when the Lord doth fit matter for fostering faith , and furthering of prayer , as here we may in Davids practice observe . 2. The goodnesse and faithfulnesse of God in his promises , and his readinesse without respect of persons , to be gracious to every one who cometh unto him , is the fountain of the believers strength , hope , and consolation : Good and upright is the Lord , is here a Well of comfort to the Supplicant . 3. The conscience of sinne must not keep the believer back from confidence to be heard in his prayer , when he cometh to seek direction : for from this ground , That the Lord is good , the Prophet draweth this consequence , Therefore will he teach sinners in the way . 4. Gods justice will not hinder his mercy to be bountifull , nor will former breaking of commands , prejudice the sinner , who being weary of his wandring , doth seek to be directed hereafter in the Lords way ; He will teach sinners in the way . 5. When by affliction a man is humbled , and brought to submit himself to God , he shall not want a guide to lead him out of his trouble , to direct his pathes , till the delivery come ; for God will guide the meek in judgement , most wisely and discreetly , as his good requireth , and teach him his way . 6. The property of the believer , is to cleave to the covenant , and to what the Lord hath set down in his word , They keep his covenant , and his testimonies ; and will not part with them whatsoever come . 7. Whosoever do hold fast the covenant of grace , and do make conscience of obeying Gods word , they may be sure that all their troubles , and variety of exercise is nothing but Gods way , to make them partake of Gods promises ; for unto such all the pathes of the Lord are mercy and truth . Ver. 11. For thy Names sake , O Lord , pardon my iniquity : for it is great . In the third place , having laboured to strengthen his faith , he falleth to prayer again , for remission of sin . Whence learn , 1. The conscience of sin will oftner assault our faith then once , and so oft as it assaulteth , it is to be answered with renewed prayer to God ; O God , saith he , pardon my iniquity . 2. The honour of the Lord is ingaged by covenant for remission of sin to the penitent believer , and the Lord counts it a glory to be mercifull ; Therefore , saith he , For thy Names sake pardon . 3. Faith can make advantage of misbeliefs arguments to retort them against it , and can plead for pardon from the very multitude and grieveousnesse of sin ; as here , Pardon my iniquity , for it is great . For the greater sin is acknowledged to be , the more is the object of pardon made clear , for it cannot be payed for by the sinner , and the more is the Lords pitty letten forth , that the believer be sensible of the weight . Ver. 12. What man is he that feareth the Lord ? him shll he teach in the way that he shall choose . 13. His soul shall dwell at ease : and his seed shall inherit the earth . 14. The secret of the Lord is with them that fear him : and he will shew them his covenant . In the fourth place there is another meditation of Gods goodnesse to a believer , for strengthening of his faith yet further , wherein he layeth down three generall promises , made to them that believe in God , and do stand in awe to offend , ver . 12 , 13 , 14. and by way of Syllogisme he assumeth of himselfe , that he is a believer , whereupon he inferreth the conclusion , ver . 15. Whence learn , 1. The fear of God ( importing care to serve God according to his word , and to stand in awe to offend him ) is the necessary property of a true and lively believer ; Therefore it is made the believers cognizance , and mark to discern him by : What man is he that feareth the Lord ? 2. The believer walking in the fear of God , may expect from the Lord direction and light , how to carry himselfe in all perplexities , so oft as he in his need shall seek it of God ; for in dubious cases , God shall teach him in the way that he shall chuse . 3. Albeit the believer be put to trouble , and hard exercise , yet shall he have place alwayes with God , as a man reconciled to him , and peace in his conscience also , as his good doth require , and he shall have contentment in his lot ; for , his soule shall dwel at ease . 4. The surest way to transmit inheritances to a mans children , and to make houses to stand , and however matters go , for a man to be sure of the Kingdome of Heaven , ( signified by an inheritance in the Land of Canaan ) is , that the parents fear God , and that the children do follow their footsteps , and fear God also ; For the seed of the man fearing God shall inherit the Land. 5. The man that feareth God , shall know more of Gods mind then others shall ; he shall know the good and acceptable will of God for his direction in dangerous controversies , and for his satisfaction about Gods dispensations , both toward himselfe , and others , and for his consolation in all afflictions ; For the secret of the Lord is with them that fear him . 6. Albeit the Lords covenant with the visible Church be open , and plain in it self to all men , in all the Articles thereof , yea it is a mystery to know the inward sweet fellowship which a soule may have with God , by vertue of this covenant ▪ And a man fearing God , shall know this mystery , when such as are covenanters onely in the letter , do remain ignorant thereof ; For to the fearers of God onely is this promise made , That to them the Lord will shew his Covenant . 15. Mine eyes are ever toward the Lord , and he shall pluck , my feet out of the net . Having laid the ground of his reason in the former verses , which is in summe this , To every believer God will be gracious , as his need is : now he assumeth , I am a believer ; For mine eyes are ever toward the Lord. Therefore to me God will be gracious in my need , and so pluck my feet out of the net , as my need now requireth . Whence learn , 1. The believer can read his own name , and his own blessednesse in the promises made to believers , and can draw out the extract of Gods decree of absolution , direction , consolation , and salvation in his own favours ; for where the generall is written , there all the particulars are also written in effect : And so the beleever may read his name written in the book of life , as here David doth read his own deliverance , in the Charter of Beleevers ; Mine eyes are ever towards the Lord , therefore he will pluck my feet out of the net . 2. The beleever is not a little helped to beleeve , and to draw sweet conclusions from inspired Scripture , to strengthen himself by avowing himself to be a beleever , or to have the true property of a beleever , as here David doth , saying , Mine eyes are ever toward the Lord ; First , he avoweth his Faith , and then draweth this conclusion from it , he shall pluck my feet out of the net . 3. To depend on God , for the supply of all necessities , and for deliverance out of all straits , is the property of true Faith ; for the Prophet to prove himselfe a beleever , and to have an interest in the mercies formerly set down , ver . 12 , 13 , 14 he saith , ver . 15. Mine eyes are ever toward the Lord. 4. Though the godly walke among snares , and nets , set by their enemies , bodily and spirituall to entrap them , yet God will either direct their way , to eschue these snares and nets , or will pluck their feet out of them ; For this is the Prophets comfort , Thou shalt pluck my feet out of the net . 16. Turne thee unto me , and have mercy upon me : for I am desolate and afflicted . 17. The troubles of my heart are inlarged : O bring thou me out of my distresses . After meditation , he concludeth his exercise , with petitions for himselfe , and for the Church . The Petitions for himselfe are six , in so many verses . In the first , learne , 1. Naturall sense and suggestion of Satan , saith , that God doth turne his back on us , when he doth not sensibly by outward workes shew himselfe for us as we could wish ; But Faith maketh advantage of the tentation , by adhering to God in time of a seeming desertion , and prayeth for his manifesting of himselfe unto us ; Turn thee unto me , and have mercy upon me . 2. A felt , and acknowledged miserable , helplesse , and desperate condition , is to the beleever halfe a promise , and a whole reason , to expect reliefe from God ; Turne thee unto me , and have mercy one me , for I am desolate and afflicted , ver . 16. and so also in his second Petition , The torubles of my heart are enlarged , O bring me out of my distresses . As his troubles were multiplied and enlarged , his heart was straitned , and his distresses multiplyed , and this he bringeth for a reason of his hope to be brought out of these straits . 18. Look upon mine affliction , and my paine , and forgive all my sins . From the Third Petition , Learne , 1. How sad and fearfull troubles , a believing and beloved soul may be brought into , no words can sufficiently expresse , he is desolate , afflicted , the troubles of his heart are enlarged , he is in moe distresses then one ; he is in affliction and paine , which no eye can see , nor any beholder judge of , save God onely ; therefore saith he to God , Look on my affliction , and my paine . 2. Sore trouble will waken up the conscience of sin a fresh , and call to minde forgiven and buried sins ; which new challenge cannot be answered , but by prayer for a new application , and intimation of remission of sins ; As here , forgive all my sins . 19 Consider mine enemies : for they are many , and they hate mee with cruel hatred . 20. O keep my soul , and deliver me : let me not be ashamed , for I put my trust in thee . From the Fourth and Fifth petition , relating to the hazard of his life , from his bodily enemies , Learn , 1. The multitude , power , rage and cruelty of the enemies of the Lords people , is a ground of hope to the beleever , to be delivered from them . Consider my enemies , for they are many , &c. 2. There is no surer evidence of deliverance , then faith in God , setled on a promise , Let me not be ashamed , for I put my trust in thee . 21. Let integrity and uprightnesse preserve me , for I wait on thee . The sixth Petition is , for the fruit of his innocent behaviour toward his enemies . Whence learn , 1. Albeit a man be burdened with the sense of many sins against God , yet he may have the conscience of innocency toward his enemies ; And here a good conscience giveth great boldnesse before God , to hope for delivery ; Let integrity and uprightnesse preserve me . 2. Integrity of life , or a good behaviour after prayer , is as needfull as before it ; yet neither integrity before , nor after must be leaned upon , but Gods goodnesse and mercy only ; Let uprightnesse preserve me , so David reasoneth , for I wait on thee . 22. Redeem Israel , O God , out of all his troubles . He closeth his exercise with a Prayer for the Church . Whence learne , 1. It is the common lot of all the Saints to be exercised with plurality of troubles ; and as the troubles of each particular member should not swallow up the sense of the troubles of the Church ; but rather private trouble should make every one sensible of the like or greater troubles of the rest of the body ; So should the delivery of the whole Church be sought after , as our own , yea and more then our own ; and as our last petition : and how ever the matter shall goe with our selves , let us pray , Redeem Israel O Lord , out of all his troubles . PSAL. XXVI . David being oppressed by the Judges of the Land , his powerful adversaries , and being exiled from the house of God ; he appealeth to God , the supreme Judg in the testimony of a good conscience , bearing him witnesse , first of his endeavour to walk uprightly as became a believer , ver . 1 , 2 , 3. And secondly , of his keeping himself from the contagion of the evil counsel , sinful courses , and example of the wicked , ver . 4 , 5. Thirdly , Of his purpose stil to behave himself holily and righteously , out of love to be partaker of the publick priviledges of the Lords people in the congregation , v. 6 , 7 , 8. Wherupon he prayeth to be free of the judgment coming on the wicked , ver . 9 , 10. According as he was purposed to eschew their sins , ver . 11. And he closeth his prayer with comfort and assurance to be heard , ver . 12. Ver. 1. JVdg me , O Lord , for I have walked in mine integrity : I have trusted also in the Lord : therefore I shall not slide . 2. Examine me , O Lord , and prove me ; try my reines and my heart . 3. For thy loving kindnesse is before mine eyes : and I have walked in thy truth . FRom Davids appellation from the unjust sentence of men against him in their courts and elsewhere , calumniating him and burying him under slanders , from which God and his own conscience knew he was free : Learne , 1. Gods children may be for a time unjustly in their cause and name , so born down with calumnies by Judges and others , that they must content themselves with the approbation of God , and of their own conscience , as David doth here . 2. When no remedy is seen on earth for Gods oppressed children , remedy may be had from God , the supreme Judge , who can redresse all matters abundantly . This did David , when he said , Iudg me , O Lord : that is , do the part of a just Judg to me , in this controversie between my adversaries and me . 3. He who appealeth to God , had need of a good cause , and a good conscience , for his carriage in it , that he may say with David , I have walked in mine integrity . 4. A good carriage in any controversie is then only comfortable and commendable , when it is the fruit of faith in God : therefore David addeth , I have trusted also in the Lord. 5. He that in obedience to God doth carry himself righteously , may be assured he shal stand and prevaile ; for this conclusion doth the Prophet draw from these grounds , saying , I shal not slide . 6. Not only must a mans hand be free from injuring his party , but his affections also : In which case , the upright man is content the Lord should try him , and tel him what is wrong , that it may be amended hereafter ; for here sincerity saith , Examine and try my reins . 7. Sincerity of behaviour may abide the trial of the conscience , and expect the approbation of God , when the word of God is the mans rule , and fear of interrupting of the sense of sweet communion with God , is the aw-band to keep him to his rule ▪ for so doth David prove his sincerity here : for thy loving kindnesse is before mine eyes , and I have walked in thy truth , to wit , looking to thy precepts , threatnings , and promises . Ver. 4. I have not sate with vain persons ▪ neither wil I go in with dissemblers . 5. I have hated the congregation of evil doers and wil not sit with the wicked . The second part of the testimony of his conscience , that he hath rejected the course of wicked men , and their ill counsel , and that he would neither follow the way against his enemies , which they followed against him , nor hearken to the evil advice , which wicked men , under whatsoever pretence of good wil to him , did offer to him , for a sinful transaction , or private revenge . Whence learn , 1 Though innocency may seem to make the godly a prey to their enemy , yet it wil promote their cause more before God , and give greater contentment to the conscience , then witty wicked plotting against witty and wicked enemies ; for this doth Davids example teach us . 2. A godly man may take the service of many in a case of Law-businesses , and civil matters , whose counsel he must refuse in a moral dutie ; as when Davids followers counselled him to slay the King , when he had him in his power in the Cave ; In such a consultation or debate , he wil not sit nor go in with the wicked . 3. He that giveth ill counsel , whatsoever pretence of friendship , or advantage be made to commend the counsel which he offereth ; yet in that point , he is a vain man and a dissembler . So doth the Prophet stile him here . 4. It is necessary to hate and abhor every wicked course , lest if we do not hate it , but can hearken unto it , we be drawn over to imbrace it : I hate ( saith he ) the congregation of the evil doers . Ver. 6. I will wash my hands in innocency : so wil I compasse thine Altar , O Lord. 7. That I may publish with the voice of thanksgiving , and tell of all thy wondrous works . 8. Lord , I have loved the habitation of thy house , and the place where thine honour dwelleth . The third part of the testimony of his conscience , is concering his resolution , to behave himself righteously and godlily out of love to honour God , and to be the fitter for worshipping of God , and serving him , as he should be employed . Whence learn , 1. The man whose hands are not clean from injuries done to men , his conscience should tel him , that he is not meet to offer worship to God : and where guiltinesse is , it should be taken away , lest the worship be refused : So resolveth David , I will wash my hands in innocency , and so compasse thine Altar . 2. Whatsoever was the ceremony of the godly with their friends , in compassing the Altar with songs of praise , when they offered their peace-offerings , it yieldeth a fit direction for every worshipper , and offerer of prayer , or praise to God , to do it with an eye to Jesus Christ , the true Altar that sanctifieth our offerings , and maketh our persons and services acceptable ? for the compassing of the Altar , with an eye on it , signified this duty . 3. The Lords mercies to his own are marvellous in effect , when all circumstances are wel considered ; Therefore are they here called wondrous works . 4. To love the fellowship of the Saints in the publick worship of God , is a token of our interest in God ; and the conscience of this love is refreshful , as here . Lord , I have loved the habitation of thy house . 5. The meetings of the Church should be to proclaime the Lords glory in the exercise of all his ordinances ; and where this is endeavoured , there wil God dwel , for such holy assemblies , are the place where his honour dwelleth , albeit many of the members of the Church be such before God , as they were in Sauls time , wherunto this Psalme relateth . Ver. 9 Gather not my soul with sinners , nor my life with bloody men : 10 In whose hands is mischief : and their right hand is ful of bribes . 11 But as for me , I will walk in mine integrity : redeem me , and be merciful unto me . Now he prayeth to be exeemed from the company of the wiced in their punishment , seeing he hath gotten grace to resolve , not to walk in their sin . Whence learn , 1. The Lord hath a harvest and a gleaning time also , set for cutting down , and binding together in the fellowship of judgments , Gods enemies , who have followed the same course of sinning : for here we are given to understand , that God wil gather their soule , and so wil le● none escape . 2. Such as separate themselves ( not from the lawful society , but ) from the sinful wayes of the world ; shal also be separate from the society of their punishment ; The soul of the one and the other shal not be gathered together . Gather not my soul with sinners . 3. Ungodly men will never stand to consent to the taking of the life of the godly , if by a fit tentation they be put to it , a bribe , or fear , which is all one , will do the turn ; for sinners here are declared bloody men , in whose hands a mischief is , and their right hand is full of bribes . 4. It is the mark of a wise and godly soule , not to be diverted from his God or godliness , by the tentation of loss or gaine , which overturneth the worldly man ; for David resolveth , go others where they wil , as for me , I wil walke in my integrity 5. A man so resolved , that is , who hath chosen God for his Redeemer , and Gods wayes for his rule , may be sure to be borne thorow all difficulties , all troubles and temptations , and to meet with mercy in the course and close of his life ; for David after resolution of faith in God , and resolution honestly to endeavour obedience to God in his course , he prayeth ( which is as good as a promise to us ) Redeem me , and be merciful to me . Ver. 12. My foot standeth in an even place : in the Congregations wil I blesse the Lord. He closes the Psalme comfortably ; Whence learn , 1. The believer , resolving obedience to God , and wrestling in prayer with God , shal not want a comfortable answer ; his conscience shal speak good to him , and God shal ratifie the testimony of it , with his testimony : and thus shal the man be established in that sweet course of faith and obedience , and have cause to say , My foote stands in an even place . 2. Such a man may be assured to bless God effectually , for the performance of promises , and that in good company , either in this life , or in the next , or in both ; and in this life with assurance , he may say with David , In the Congregation wil I blesse the Lord. PSAL. XXVII . In this Psalm David setteth down what use he had of his faith in God , in the time of his trouble : and first , how he strengthened his faith . vers . 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6. and next how he prayed , upon the foresaid grounds , vers . 7 ▪ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12. And thirdly , what advantage he had by believing in God , in the time of his exercise , ver . 13. Whereupon he exhorts all the godly to follow his example , under hope to be helped , as he was helped , ver . 14. Vers. 1 , THe Lord is my light , and my salvation ; whom shal I fear ? the Lord is the strength of my life , of whom shal I be afraid ? THe grounds of strengthening of his Faith are three . The first is , That God by vertue of the Covenant hath obliged himself to give direction and comfort in trouble , and deliverance out of it ; from which he inferreth , that he needeth not fear his enemies . Whence learn , 1. When we are to wrestle in prayer , against the doubts , which trouble and tentation may raise in our hearts to mar our confidence in prayer ; It is wisdome to arm our selves by faith against these doubts , before we pray , for so doth the Prophets example teach us . 2. He who is in Covenant with God , hath solid ground to expect from God , direction and comfort in every trouble , and deliverance out of it ; for by vertue of the Covenant of grace David saith , The Lord is my light and my salvation . 3. When we have fastned our faith on God , we may then with reason defie our enemies , and say with the Prophet , of whom shall I be afraid ? 4. When our enemies do appear strong , and we know our selves to be but weak , we should oppose the Lords strength to our tentation , that we may resist all fear ; for so teacheth David , The Lord is the strength of my life , of whom shal I be afraid ? Ver. 2 When the wicked , even mine enemies , and my foes came upon me to eat up my flesh , they stumbled and fel. The next ground of confidence is , that he hath proofe and experience of the fruit of the Covenant , when he was in greatest danger to be overtaken by his enemies . Whence learn , 1. When the rage of the wicked against the godly doth break forth , then no lesse then the precious life of the godly can satisfie their beastly cruelty ; they hunger even to eate their flesh . 2. God can easily make the wicked in their hottest pursuit of the godly , to come short of their purpose , as here , to stumble and fall . 3. Experience of Gods power is very forcible to confirm our faith , and to erect our hope , as it did Davids faith . Ver. 3 Though an hoste should encamp against me , my heart shal not fear : though war should rise against me , in this wil I be confident After setling of his faith , he puts on a resolution to stand to his point , in resisting assaults of fears , from whatsoever tentation . Whence learn ▪ 1. It is a means to strengthen faith , to resolve by the grace of God to put faith in act , in whatsoever difficulty , and in a manner to lay hands on our selves , ●o hold up this shield against whatsoever fiery darts , albeit possibly when it cometh to push of pike , we be not found so strong as we are stout , as here David doth . 2. The Lord being ours by Covenant , and the Lord proved to be ours in experience , is warrant and reason sufficient for us to put on such a resolution ; Though warre be raised , in this ( that is , upon the foresaiid ground ) will I be confident , saith he . Ver. 4. One thing have I desired of the Lord , that will I seek after : that I may dwell in the house of the Lord , all the dayes of my life , to behold the beauty of the Lord , and to enquire in his Temple . A third ground of confidence , is the conscience of his purpose to studie to have constant communion with God , in the use of the means , and the conscience of his very earnest desire to have the benefit of all the publick ordinances , in the fellowship of the Church . Whence learn , 1. Hearty resolution to subject our selves to all Gods ordinances , and to follow the appointed means of communion-keeping with God , is a sound mark of solid faith , and the conscience of this resolution , serveth much to confirme our confidence in God , If we can say with the Prophet , This one thing have I desired , &c. 2. In the using of the means and ordinances of Gods house , the glory of the Lord may be seen , counsel , and direction in all things may be had with comfort and spiritual delight to our souls ; for in the ordinances David was to behold the beauty of the Lord , with delight , and to enquire in his holy Temple . 3. The desire of communion with God , and love to his ordinances , where it is sincere , should have the chief place in the heart , above all earthly desires and delights whatsoever . One thing have I desired . 4. A sincere desire must not be suffered to go away , but should be pursued resolutely , and recommended to God daily . This I wil stil seek after , saith he : and the means of communion with God in the publick fellowship of the Church must be constantly continued in , even all the dayes of our life . Ver. 5 , For in the time of trouble he shal hide me in his pavilion : in the secret of his tabernacle shal he hide me , he shal set me upon a rock . He giveth a reason of his so earnest a desire to have fellowship with God , entertained by the use of all Gods ordinances , because in this way he was sure that faith should draw all necessary comfort and protection from God , as need should require . Whence learn , 1. Faith keeping communion with God , findeth him all-sufficient in all necessities , to supply every inlack of the creature , where the believer standeth in need ; He wil be a pavilion in warfare , and a hiding place , and a rock of refuge : that is , God wil make a man as quiet by faith , in himself , as if there were no hazard ; In the time of trouble he shal hide me in his pavilion : In the secret of his Tabernacle , shal be hide me , he shall set me up upon a rock . 2. The godly cannot promise to themselves the influence of Gods grace in time of need , otherwaies then by following divine ordinances , both private and publick , so far as they may be had ; for the Prophet promiseth to himself this protection , as a fruit of his faith , fostered by the use of the ordinances . I desire saith he , to dwel in thy house , and to enquire in thy holy Temple ; for in the time of trouble he shal hide me , &c. Ver. 6. And now shall mine head be lifted up above mine enemies round about me : therefore wil I offer in his Tabernacle sacrifices of joy : I wil sing , yea I will sing praises unto the Lord. After this wrestling of faith , he obtaineth victory , and assurance of satisfaction to his desire , and the grant of all that he was to seek in his Prayer . Whence learn , The Lord can give a believer assurance of what he would have , and make him so clear of the possession of the Promise , as if it were in his hand , as here the Psalmist is sure to prevail over his enemies , sure to come to the Temple even as he wished , And now shall mine head be lifted up above mine enemies , I will offer sacrifices of joy in his Tabernacle . Ver. 7. Hear , O Lord , when I cry with my voice : have mercy also upon me , and answer me . 8. When thou saidst , Seeke yee my face ; my heart said unto thee , Thy face , Lord , wil I seek . In the second place , having thus strengthened his faith , he entereth the lists with his present trouble and tentations , and encountreth them by Prayer to God upon the foresaid grounds , in three Petitions . In the first he prayeth for the sensible experience of Gods favour , as his present condition required ; wherein he strengthens his faith by three considerations . The first is , because he had gotten grace to close with the Word of God ▪ inviting him to seek what he sought , ver . 8. Whence learn , 1. Confidence in God , is diligent in Prayer , and despiseth not the means , whereby the mercy hoped for , may be brought about ; But by Prayer it maketh particular application of the Lords good wil offered to all , unto it self ; that it may be helped in the present need , as here David doth , Hear me when I cry , have mercy on me , answer me . 2. As the Lords Word encourageth us to seek things of God , which without a warrant we durst not seek ; ●o when we have gotten grace to embrace Gods warrant given to us by Precept or Promise , we may ask with confidence to obtain ; Hear me , answer me , why ? When thou saidest , Seek ye my face ; my heart answered , I will seek thy face , O Lord. Ver. 9. Hide not thy face far from me , put not thy servant away in anger : thou hast been my help , leave me not , neither forsake me , O God of my salvation . He meets here with an objection from his sins and mis-deservings , and prayeth it down , adding another consideration to confirm his faith from by-gone experience of mercy , notwithstanding of his unworthinesse . Whence learn , 1. Though ( when we would draw near to the Lord ) sense of sin and unworthinesse , and fear of wrath do flee in our throat , yet faith cleaving to Gods goodnesse , and to the promises of mercy , and to our relation unto our God , may cry down the tentation , Hide not thy face , put not away thy servant in anger . 2. The former experinces which we have had of Gods being gracious to us , according to the tenor of the Covenant of salvation , should confirme our faith , that God will never cast us off , nor any man that cannot endure to be separate from him : Thus David reasons , Thou hast been my help , leave me not , neither forsake me , O God of my salvation . Ver. 10. When my father and my mother forsake me , then the Lord will take me up . A third consideration to confirm Davids faith , is a nearer relation between God and David , then between David and his Parents . Whence learn , The bands between God and a believing soul , are more strait and intimate , and more strong , then any band civil or natural between him and any creature ; and they are appointed to hold fast when natural bands do fail , as here is asserted . When my father and my mother forsake me , then the Lord will take me up . This is for the first petition . Ver. 11. Teach me thy way , O Lord , and lead me into a plain path , because of mine enemies . The second petition is for Direction in a holy and wise carriage , that his enemies get no advantage against his behaviour or person . Whence learn , 1. There is danger of desertion , or of Gods leaving us to the will of our enemies , if we carry not a good cause in a lawful , holy , tender way ; and therefore we had need to seek our direction from God , to be taught in his way , and led in a plaine path . 2. Because the enemies of the godly are ready to calumniate their cause , and their intentions , and to take advantage to calumniate them upon the least occasion of a questionable practice , we had the more need to be circumspect , and to pray to be directed in a plaine path , because of our enemies . Ver. 12. Deliver me not over unto the will of mine enemies : for false witnesses are risen up against me , and such as breathe out cruelty . The third petition is , to be delivered from the power of the enemy , prosecuting their false calumnies , and raging in cruelty . Whence learn , 1. The godly have reason to pray with submission , that they may not fall in the hands of men because of their cruelty , and to say to God , Deliver me not over unto the will of mine enemy . 2. Because it is easie for the Lord to mitigate the enemies fury , or to break their power , or to elude their craft and power ▪ Let us pray , Deliver , and let God chuse the way of delivery . 3. When the good cause of the godly , and the persons also are left to suffer both together , there is ground that God in that case will interpose himself in due time : for this is Davids reason of hope to be helped , because false witnesses resolved to oppresse him in name , and breathers out of cruelty , were set to have his life , ever rising against him : and here he is a clear type and example of the suffering of Christ , and his followers . Ver. 13. I had fainted , unlesse I had believed to see the goodnesse of the Lord in the land of the living . 14. Wait on the Lord : be of good courage , and he shall strengthen thine heart : wait , I say , on the Lord. In the third place he cometh to shew , and to make use of the benefit he had by beleeving , that he may encourage others to follow his example in their tryals . Whence learn , 1. Discouragement under trouble , is a sort of quitting of our cause , and of all comfort in it ; but faith keepeth a man close to his cause , and from being overcome with troubles ; it holds up his heart in his duty , till the Lord send an out-gate , wherein he were not able to subsist otherwise : Unlesse I had believed , I had fainted . 2. Our expriences of the good of believing in the time of straites , should be communicated to others , as our calling may suffer to encourage them , for so doth the Prophet , saying , Wait on the Lord , and be of good courage . 3. The striving to take courage from the ground of faith , shall be followed with strength from God to go under the trouble , and to finde comfort now and then , and full delivery at last : He shall comfort thy heart . 4. Albeit the Lord let the trouble lie on , and strong tentations to increase , and griefe of heart to grow , yet must we still wait ; for at the due time , the out-gate shall come , Wait I say , on the Lord. PSAL. XXVIII . In the first part of this Psalme , we have the Prophets conflict against his enemies , such as in the former Psalm is to be seen , wherein he prayerh for audience , ver . 1.2 . and delivery to himself , ver . 3. and that God would vindicate his own justice against his disdainful enemies , ver . 4 , 5. In the latter part , the Prophet having gotten comfort in his Prayer , doth glorifie God , ver . 6. and strengthens his own and the rest of the godlies faith , ver . 7 , 8. and prayeth for a blessing to the Church , ver . 9. Ver. 1. UNto thee will I cry , O Lord my rock , be not silent to me : lest if thou be silent to me , I become like them that go down into the pit . 2. Heare the voice of my supplications when I cry unto thee : when I lift up mine hands toward thy holy Oracle . IN his conflict with trouble , he runneth to God for a comfortable answer , with reasons to help his hope to be heard . Whence learn , 1. It is good to pray in time of trouble , and to be instant , and resolved to be instant ; For unto thee will I cry , doth import these three . 2. A soul in great straits is not able to suspend , and want comfort long : it must have some comfortable answer , because of what God is unto it by Covenant , My rock , be not silent unto me . 3. It bringeth deadnesse of spirit on a supplicant , when his Prayer is not taken off his hand , which albeit it be by no reason , but a consequence ill inferred from the Lords not answering of us , yet we are subject to this evil , and should pray to have it prevented : Be not silent , saith he , lest I become like them that go down into the pit . 4. Though the heart be in bonds in time of Prayer , under trouble , yet the Lord will not despise the voice , nor the knees bowed , nor the hands lifted up , no● the least expressions of a supplicants desire , to be helped by him : Hear my voice when I cry , and the lifting up of my hands , saith he . 5. Seeking of God in Christ , and trysting the fulnesse of the Godhead in the Person of the Mediatour , represented by the Tabernacle and Oracle , answereth all objections from the supplicants unworthinesse , and giveth encouragement to expect a good answer from God ; for to this purpose doth he mention his lifting up of his hands towards the Lords holy Oracle . Ver. 3. Draw me not away with the wicked , and with the workers of iniquity : which speak peace to their neigbours , but mischief is in their hearts . Now he prayeth God would deliver him , and not deal with him as with an enemy . Whence learne , Albeit there be sin in the godly , yet are they not workers of iniquity , nor treacherously disposed towards their neighbours , when they pretend to have friendship with them ; and therefore may the godly expect from God , not to be dealt with , as obstinately wicked and impenitent sinners ; for this he meaneth , saying , Draw me not away with the workers of iniquity , &c. Ver. 4. Give them accordong to their deeds , and according to the wickednesse of their endeavoure : give them after the work of their hands , rend●r to them their deserts . 5. Because they regard not the works of the Lord , nor the operation of his hands , he shall destroy them , and not build them up . He prayeth now against his enemies , not out of private revenge ; but being led with the infallible Spirit of Prophecy , looking through these men to the enemies of Christ , and of his People in all ages . Whence learn , 1. Albeit imprecations must not be used against our own enemies , nor for any injury done to us , nor against any in hatred of their persons , nor against every enemy of God , but only against desperate sinners , and that in general , rather then with an eye to this man or that man in special ; about whom we may be mistaken ; yet the imprecation of the Spirit of God standing in the Scripture , cryeth still against obstinate sinners , although we cannot condescend particularly upon their names ; God shall give them according to their deserts . In the controversie between the godly and their enemies , not only doth God shew by his word , which party he alloweth , but also by the works of his providence , in favours of the godly , and against their enemies , he doth give forth his minde , according to what he hath said in his Word to be observed ; but when both these are misregarded , he will destroy the wicked , and not suffer them to carry on their purpose ; for because they regard not the workes of the Lord , nor the operation of his hands , he shall destroy them , and not build them up . Ver. 6. Blessed be the Lord , because he hath heard the voice of my supplications . 7. The Lord is my strength and my shield , my heart trusted in him , and I am helped : therefore my heart greatly rejoyceth , and with my song will I praise him . 8. The Lord is their strength , and he is the saving strength of his annointed . The other part of the Psalme , wherein he maketh use of the good answer given to him ; first honouring God for it , then strengthening his own faith by it ; and thirdly strengthening the faith of others also . Whence learn , 1. The believing supplicant shall not seek God in vain ; he shall not fail in due time to finde such fruit , as shall make him blesse and praise God for the answer ; for in the entry of the Psalme it was , Be not silent to me , O Lord , lest I become like them that go down to the pi● ▪ and here , Blessed be the Lord , because he hath heard the voice of my supplication . 2. What faith saith to God in wrastling , it shall be made to subscribe it victoriously and experimentally thereafter , My rock , said he , hear me , ver . 1. And here , The Lord is my strength and my shield ; to furnish me within and without . 3. It is a good use m●de of experience , to confirme our faith thereby , and to commend the course of believing in God , as here David doth , My heart trusted in him , and I am helped . 4. The joy of faith and of sense also , will be given sometime together to the godly , for the increasing of their joy , as here he sheweth , Therefore my heart greatly rejoyced . 5. Albeit we must praise God in whatsoever condition we can be in ; yet spirituall rejoycing doth specially call for singing a Psalm unto God , Therefore with my song will I praise him , saith he . 6. What the Lord is to one of the godly calling on him in the sense of need , he is unto them all the same : as he was Davids strength , ver . 7. so is he their strength , to wit , all his peoples strength , ver . 8. 7. All the blessings which believers get do belong unto Christ , first as to the annointed of the Lord in chief , and to his servants as partakers of his annointing ; for the Lord is the saving strength , or the strength of salvation to his annointed , or to his Christ , and those that are true Christians , partakers of his Unction , or holy Spirit ; What concerneth David is but a shadow , and as one who is a partaker of the holy Unction through Christ. Ver. 9. Save thy People , and blesse thine inheritance ; feed them also , and lift them up for ever . He closeth his Prayer with intercession for the Church . Whence learn , 1. Such as finde accesse in Prayer to God for themselves , should speak also a word for his Church , and pray , Lord , save thy People . 2. The Priviledges which the godly have are common to them all . The godly are all Gods people , his inheritance , his flock : and as the benefits imported under these titles are common , so are the duties due from us to God , imported thereby , common also , and to be so studied , that we may discharge them , as we would finde from God the benefits of protection and deliverance , as subjects whom he will save ; of being watered and warmed , as his inheritance , fed and led on , as his flock , and exalted over all our enemies , or being lifted up for ever . PSAL. XXIX . David exhorteth Princes and great men , to humble themselves before God , and to worship him ( as he hath commanded ) in his publick ordinances , verse 1 , 2. First , because he is infinitely higher then they , and more terrible to all men , then they can be to their subjects or inferiours , as the uttering of his Majesty and power by thunder doth make evident ▪ ver . 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9. Secondly , because he offereth the means of saving knowledge , even all his ordinances , whereby men may heartily glorifie him in their assemblies , ver . 9. Thirdly , because he is an everlasting King and Ruler of all the creatures , ver . 10. And fourthly , because such as do humbly submit themselves to him , and worship him as his People should do , shall be furnished with abilities for every good work , and shall be abundantly blessed . Vers. 1. GIve unto the Lord , ( O ye mighty ) give unto the Lord glory and strength . 2. Give unto the Lord the glory due unto his Name ; worship the Lord in the beauty of holinesse . HE directeth his speech and exhortation to the Potentates of the earth , that they may humble themselves before God , and give him the glory of all power , and authority , and excellency above themselves , and above all other creatures . Hence learn , 1. Of all men Princes should be most carefull to glorifie God , and yet it is most rare to see them humble themselves before him : for natural corruption is as strong in them as in others : Their education doth breed them to high and stately thoughts of themselves , their riches and power puffeth them up , and flatterers ordinarily following them , do make them forget themselves and God also . Therefore are they here thrice exhorted to give glory to God. 2. It is most necessary that Potentates do humble themselves before God , and be particularly dealt with to that purpose , because their example and authority doth move many outwardly to submit to God , or stand out from his service : therefore he speaketh to them in their grandeur , Give glory to God , O ye mighty . 3. As men are great in the world , so they are ready to think much of their own strength , of what their power is able to reach to , and what honour is due to them ; but if they reckon right , strength and glory belongeth to God. And according as he is above them in power and excellency , so should he proportionably be magnified , Give unto the Lord glory and strength , and give unto the Lord the glory due unto his name . 4. He will have no glory of men , but as he hath prescribed to men in his own ordinances , given forth in his Word to his Church : Worship him in the beauty of holinesse , that is , in the glorious sanctuary , the place of publick meeting ; beautiful indeed , not for timber or stones so much , as because the holy and beautiful means of grace to men , and Gods worship shewing forth his glory was there to be found . Ver. 3. The voice of the Lord is upon the waters : The God of glory thundereth , the Lord is upon many waters . 4. The voice of the Lord is powerful , the voice of the Lord is full of Majesty . He proveth that strength and glory belongeth to the Lord , by one only work of thundring , and kindling fire in the midst of watery clouds ; that he may make thunder in the conflict of water closing in the fire , and fire breaking through the clouds , how oft soever he pleaseth to shew his power to the children of men . Whence learn , 1. Though the standing works of Creation speak most of God , yet such is our foolishnesse , that we are least apprehensive of that which is daily seen , and a lesse work more rarely occurring will move more ; as for example , the thunder or the Eclipse of the Sun or Moon , will move more then the making of heaven and earth . 2. No work of the Lord is rightly taken up till he himself be looked unto , as the immediate Worker of it : therefore he points out the sound of the thunder , as the voice of the Lord upon many waters . 3. Though the Lord should be observed as the worker of every work , yet not at first is he seen in his work to any purpose , till we by oftner reviewing his operation about it , be somewhat affected with his glory and power therein ; therefore he repeateth the second time , The God of glory thundreth ; And the third time , The Lord is upon many waters . 4. When the thunder or any work of God is well considered , some invisible thing of God will appear therein ; as for example , his power and majesty will be evidenced in the thunder ; for the voice of the Lord is powerful and ful of majestie . Ver. 5. The voice of the Lord breaketh the Cedars ; yea , the Lord breaketh the Cedars of Lebanon . 6. He maketh them also to skip like a Calfe : Leebanon and Syrion like a young Vnicorne . 7. The voice of the Lord divideth the flames of fire . 8. The voice of the Lord shaketh the wildernesse : the Lord shaketh the wildernesse of Kadesh . 9 The voice of the Lord maketh the hindes to calve , and discovereth the forrests : and in his Temple doth every one speak of his glory . He insisteth in his subject , and sheweth the effects thereof , on trees , ver . 5. on mountaines , ver . 6. on the fire of the thunder , parting it in lightning , ver . 7. on the waste wildernesse , ver . 8. on the beasts and woods where they haunt , ver . 9. Whence learne , 1. That the stupidity and senselessness of man is greater then that of the brute creatures , which are all more moved with the thunder , then the hearts of men for the most part , as here may be seen in the comparison . 2. One work of God dwelt upon , shal shew more of God then many of his works being slightly looked on , and passed over : as for example , this one of the thunder , considered with the effects , saith more then many ; yea , one sensible and understanding man , wil discover more of God in one work of God , then many in their ordinary mood , either in that work , or in any other , or in all his works . Ver. 9. The voice of the Lord maketh the hindes to calve , and discovereth the forrests : and in his Temple doth every one speak of his glory . He giveth a second reason of his exhortation to the mighty , to worship God in the beauty of holinesse , because in his Temple every one doth speak of his glory . Whence learne , 1. The glory of the Lord is shewn forth in all the earth , and in all his works , but in his Temple , in his Church , his works are holden forth expresly and fully , for there by his Word , his counsel is opened , his holinesse , his goodnesse , justice , mercy , and all his attributes are declared . Without the Church , men are compelled to acknowledg glory now and then , but in his Church , men do declare his glory distinctly and willingly . In his Temple doth every one speak of his glory , all men there do confesse his praise , and every thing in the Temple holdeth forth something of Christ and his benefits , to the glory of Gods mercy ; and this is more then the world understandeth . Verse 10 The Lord sitteth upon the flood : yea , the Lord sitteth King for ever . A third reason , to move Princes to give to God glory and strength , is , because his Kingdome reacheth to the ruling of the waters , and because he is a King immortal . Whence learn , 1. As the strength of the Lord appeareth in all his works , so especially that he ruleth the raging sea , whereby once he did drown the world , and now bindeth up , that it should do no more so again , The Lord sitteth upon the floods . No King is King over every Kingdom and King , but God is King above all Kings ; No King is of long continuance , but the Lord is the everlasting King , He sitteth King for ever ; and therefore every mighty man should do him homage , as his King , his Lord , and supreme Superiour . Verse 11 The Lord wil give strength unto his People : The Lord wil blesse his People with Peace The last reason to move Potentates to give all glory to God , and to joyne with his People in glorifying of him , is , because of the blessednesse of his people , who worship him in his holy Temple . Whence learne , 1. The power of the Lord is not against his people , but for his people , against his and their enemies , He giveth strength to his People , to wit , against their enemies , and for furnishing them to every part of his service whereunto he calleth them ; The Lords people do give the glory of power and strength to the Lord , And the Lord wil give strength to his People . 2. The true worshippers of God , whatsoever may be their exercise in the world , may be sure of reconciliation with him , and of true blessednesse , For the Lord wil blesse his People with Peace . PSAL. XXX . A Psalme and Song at the dedication of the house of David . David praiseth God for his late deliverance from the hand of Absalom , ver . 1 , 2 , 3. And secondly , he exhorteth others to praise God also for his mercies , ver . 4 , 5. Thirdly , he confesseth his carnal security , and how hee was corrected for it , ver . 6 ▪ 7. Fourthly , he sheweth how he prayed for mercy , ver . 8 , 9 , 10. And fifthly , he praiseth the Lord for his gracious answer , ver . 11 , 12. THe Inscription of the Psalme sheweth , that it was endited at the dedication of Davids house , after it was polluted by Absaloms vilenesse with his fathers Concubines , as Davids security and trouble after that herein described , giveth us to understand . Whence learn , 1. That no benefit or creature-comfort is lawful and pure to us , except it be sanctified by the Word and Prayer , except we dedicate our selves and the creatures also to Gods service ; and more specially the dedication of a mans house with the Ceremonies of the law , used about the dedication thereof , teacheth us to consider and to ackdowledge before God , That we are the Lords Tenants at will , received by him in his lodgings , to be entertained by him during our abode on earth ; It teacheth us also that our houses should be holy , both for the Persons in our company , and for the exercise of Religion therein daily , before and after our lawful daily refreshments and employments therein ; and that the Lord only is the Preserver of us , and of our houses , against what evil might otherwaies befall us , by men or divels , or any other accident ; and that the house is polluted , especially when God is openly dishonored therein : in which case we are to seek mercy to our selves , and to our families , and to pray to God for the continuance of his guard about us , and his grace , to make a right use of our house hereafter , which is the substance of the old Ceremonies used in dedication of a mans house . Ver. 1. I Wil extol thee , O Lord , for thou hast lifted me up ; and hast not made my foes to rejoyce over me . 2. O Lord my God , I cryed unto thee , and thou hast healed me . 3. O Lord , thou hast brought up my soule from the grave : thou hast kept me alive , that I should not go down to the pit . HE praiseth God for a number of mercies concurring together in his deliverance , out of the hazard of losing both his life and his Kingdome . Whence learn , 1. The more the Lord exalts us , we should humble our selves the more before him , and magnifie his bounty : for David wil extol the Lord , here , because the Lord had lifted him up . 2. The disappointment of our enemies is a new mercy , beside our delivery from their cruelty , and a reason of thansgiving to God , when he makes our foes not to rejoyce oyer us . 3. When God seemeth to desert us , and expose us to hazards ; readily our spirits grow sick , and deadnesse of spirit , ( with inability to go about any point in our calling , or of his service ) do seise on us ; but when after the prayer of faith grounded on the Covenant , the Lord sendeth relief , it is a reviving of us again , as we see in Davids case , O my God , I cried unto thee , and thou hast healed me . 4. Preservation from evil , and delivery out of evil are mercies equivalent ; rescuing a man from instant death , should be looked upon as resurrection from death , and acknowledged so to be in our thanksgiving to God ; for David here saith , The Lord hath brought up his soul from the grave , because he had kept him alive , that he should not go down into the pit . Ver. 4. Sing unto the Lord , ( O ye Saints of his ) and give thankes at the remembrance of his holinesse . 5. For his anger endureth but a moment , in his favour is life : weeping may endure for a night , but joy cometh in the morning . The second part of the Psalme , wherein he stirreth up others to praise God for his mercies . Whence learne , 1. Dwelling a while upon the consideration of mercies shewn unto us , bringeth with it rejoycing in God , and ● singing disposition , whereunto when we are once wakened and warmed , we will think that one mouth to praise God is too little , as here we see in David , who not only praiseth God himself but also setteth all the Saints on work to the same purpose , saying , Sing to the Lord all ye Saints of his . 2. Albeit we had no present sense of lately received remarkable mercies , yet by-gone experiences of the Lords faithfulness and holiness , should give matter of thanks and praise , on all occasions , specially in the Congregation , where his works are called to mind : Give thanks , saith he , at the remembrance of his holinesse . 3. Albeit we were not upon the thoughts of any particular experience , yet the knowne perfections of God should furnish matter , and in special , because howsoever we be sinful , and do provoke the Lord often , yet he , as he is slow to anger , so is he soon pacified , his anger endureth but for a moment . 4. When reckoning is rightly made , the tokens of Gods displeasure are but for a moment . But the evidence of his favours to believers is a life-time , for in the midst of wrath he remembreth mercy ; and the tokens of his favour , are farre more then of his displeasure , and wrath soone goeth , and favour shineth latest , and is of longest continuance ; Wrath is but temporary at the longest , but favour endureth for ever : His anger is but for a moment , but in his favour is life , yea life everlasting . 5. When the Lord sheweth himself angry at a soul , it is dark and cold night with it , and what can it do , but weep or walk heavily in this case , when the bridegroom is as absent ? Weeping may abide for a night . 6. Unto the believer the longest winter-night hath a change to the better following it : consolation is certain after a mournful condition ; Weeping may endure for a night , but joy cometh in the morning . Verse 6. And in my prosperity I said , I shal never be moved . 7. Lord , by thy favour thou hadst made my mountain to stand strong : Thou didst hide thy face and I was troubled . In the third place , he cometh to his late experience , which gave occasion and matter of this Psalm ; he abused his prosperity , not remembring that because his standing was by grace therefore he should have stood in awe , and feared to forget himself , and therefore he was chastised for it . Whence learn , 1. A child of God , after long trouble may have a time of outward rest and prosperity ; for example , David , whose troubles were many , doth acknowledge here that he was in prosperity . 2. As men in ●●ouble do fear they shal never be rid of it , so when God granteth a change to the better , they think never to be so troubled again ; This fleshly security is a soul sicknesse , attending prosperity , and the most holy men may easily be overtaken with it ; for David confesseth , I said in my prosperity , I shal never be moved . 3. The consideration that our standing in any good condition , is of Gods meer favour and grace , should keep us in fear and trembling to offend , and prevent our falling in carnal security . This David acknowledgeth for aggravating of his fault , Lord , by thy favour thou hadst made my mountain strong . 4. The Lord wil not suffer his own to lie stil in carnal security , but wil withdraw the bolster and pillow of those benefits whereon they do sleepe , and together with that , wil withdraw also the sweet sense of reconciliation , and put his owne in trouble to waken them : Davids experience teacheth so much , Thou didst hide thy face , and I was troubled . 5. Men understand the folly of their sinful way , and of their carelesse entertaining of Gods favour , not so wel in the time of prosperity , as after they have smarted for their folly , and have found the fruit of their forgetfulnesse of God , and of their too much embracing and resting on prosperity to be nothing , save sore and sad troubles , both bodily , and spiritual ; for this is taught us by the reckoning that David now maketh , as a Pilot , discovering a rock , to forwarn others to beware of security ; and this reckoning is all after his trouble , and after his victory also over it . Ver. 8. I cryed to thee , O Lord , and unto the Lord I made supplication . 9. What profit is there in my blood , when I go down to pit ? shal the dust praise thee ? shal it declare thy truth ? 10. Hear , O Lord , and have mercy upon me : Lord ; be thou my helper . In the fourth part of this Psalme he sheweth his recovery out of his trouble , and out of his sinful security which drew it on ; he prayed , disputed and dealt with God , til the Lord delivered him . Whence learn , 1. As the fire and the hammer , and the files do serve to put off the rust off iron , so doth affliction to rouse a godly soul out of security , and drive him to earnest Prayer ; for after trouble is come , David cryed to the Lord. 2. Albeit a man hath miscarried , and proved ungrateful to God in his prosperity , and unmindful of his resolutions and promises made to God in his low estate , when he should come to prosperity ; yet when trouble cometh to waken him up , and cal him to a reckoning , he must not despaire , nor set downe in discouragement in the conscience of huge guiltinesse . But because the Lord is angry , and no remedy but Gods grace , he must lay himself at Gods feet a supplicant : Unto the Lord David made supplication . 3. Faith in God is very argumentative , and wil dispute wel for the mans life , having the Covenant of grace as a ground to go upon ; It wil take a reason to strengthen it selfe from Gods nature , who doth not delight in the death of a penitent sinner , and a reason from no advantage unto justice , by the mans destruction , when justice may have satisfaction in the Redeemer , and the man may be saved also ; What profit is there in my blood , when I go down to the pit ? and a reason from the mans purpose to glorifie God , to the edifying of others in his life , if he should be spared : from which mercy if he should be cut off , it would be more bitter to him then death ; Shal the dust praise thee ? Shall it declare thy truth ? 4. When faith hath said to God that it hath to say , it wil wait for a good answer , wil relie on his mercy , and expect relief from the Lord , as here David doth , Hear , O Lord , have mercy on me , be thou my helper . Verse 11 Thou hast turned for me my mourning into dancing ; thou hast put off my sackloth , and girded me with gladnesse : 12 To the end that my glory may sing praise to thee ; and not be silent : O Lord , my God , I wil give thanks unto thee for ever . In the last part of the Psalm he thankfully praiseth God , for granting unto him all he desired , and obligeth himself to a more careful carriage , and setting forth of Gods glory . Whence learne , 1. It becometh the child of God to weep when he is beaten , and to humble himself in the exercise of Prayer , and Fasting ; for Davids mourning and sack-cloth , sheweth his exercise in his former trouble . 2. As security turneth all our joy into trouble , so sincere seeking of God in trouble , is the way to turn all our trouble into joy , Thou hast turned for me all my mourning into dancing , &c. and great is that joy which a reconciled soul findeth in God , after renewed feeling of the interrupted sense of mercy . 3. A well ordered tongue , watching all opportunities to glorifie God , and edifie others , is a main point of a mans excellency , not only above beasts , but also above all men , who do not use their tongue for God , and for good to others ; Therefore David calleth his tongue his glory . 4. The very intent of Gods shewing mercy to men , is to oblige them to give praise and glory to himself before the world , thou hast girded me with gladnesse , saith he , To the end my glory may sing praise to thee , and not be silent . 5. The right use of our experiences of Gods mercy to us , is first to fasten our faith in God , and to stand fast to the Lords Covenant , made with us in Christ ; next after acknowledging that this is our duty , to be thankful to God , to engage our hearts to the discharge thereof constantly : The first of these the Prophet doth here by calling God , The Lord my God ; the next he doth in these words , I wil give thanks to thee for ever . PSAL. XXXI . To the chief Musician , A Psalm of David . Another exercise of David , wherein he being in great danger to be taken by his enemies , prayeth for delivery , ver . 1 , 2 , 3 4 , 5 ▪ 6. Secondly , he strengtheneth his faith by his by-gone experience . ver . 7 , 8. Thirdly , in Prayer he layeth out his lamentable condition before God , ver . 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13. Fourthly , he wrastleth on in Prayer for comfort and safety to himself , and confusion to his enemies , ver 14 15 16 17 18. Fifthly , being delivered and comforted by a new experience of Gods merciful preservation of him , he maketh good use of it , by praising God for it , and exhorteth the godly to love God and relie on him , ver . 19 20 21 22 23 24. Ver. 1. IN thee , O Lord , do I put my trust , let me never be ashamed : deliver me in thy right●ousnesse . 2. Bow down thine ear to me , deliver me speedily : be thou my stong rock , for an house of defence to save me . 3. For thou art my rock , and my fortresse : therefore for thy Names sake lead me and guide me . FRom his interest in God by Covenant , he strengthens himself in Prayer for delivery . Whence learn , 1. Faith avowed and maintained , furnisheth prayer , and giveth hope to be heard ; for David having first said , In thee , O Lord , do I put my trust ; he subjoyneth , Let me never be ashamed : For this much may a believer expect , that albeit he be put to hang down the head for a little , yet he shall not at last be ashamed . 2. As the Lord sendeth in his wisdom , trouble after trouble , upon a believer , so he sendeth in his justice and faithfulnesse , promised delivery after delivery from oppressors , Deliver me in thy righteousnesse . 3. Where the danger is pressing , and the affection is ardent , the Petition may be repeated without babling , and speedy help my be craved without limitation of God ; and hearkening to a poor supplicant , as it were , with a bowed down eare , may be prayed for without abasing of Gods Majesty , as here , Bow down thine eare to me , deliver me speedily . 4. Were there but a moment betwixt us and perishing , and our enemies stronger then we , were ready to lay hands on us ; faith seeth that God can interpose himself speedily , and lift us up above our enemies reach : Be thou my strong rock , for a house of defence to save me . 5. What the Lord is engaged to be unto us by Covenant , we may pray and expect to finde him in effect ; Be thou my strong Rock , saith he , for thou art my Rock . 6. When trouble and uncouth passages discover our ignorance , our blindnesse and weaknesse unto us , we have God engaged for his glories cause , to take care of us , and to bring us through ; for the Prayer of the beleever is , For thy name sake lead me and guide me . Ver. 4. Pull me out of the net that they have laid privily for me , for thou art my strength . 5. Into thine hands I commend my spirit : thou hast redeemed me , O Lord God of truth . 6 I have hated them that regard lying vanities : but I trust in the Lord. He cometh more particularly to his danger , and prayeth for delivery , and strengthening his faith by sundry reasons . Whence learn , 1. As the children of this world are more wise in their generation , then the children of the light : so do they hunt and overtake the godly , by their crafty devices against him , They laid their nets privily against David , and ensnared him . 2. Though the godly be both weak and simple-witted , yet they have a wise and strong God to call upon , who is able to break the snare , and set his own free , whose help David imploreth here , Pull me out of the net , for thou art my strength . 3. The way to quiet our mindes , in the hazard of our mortal life , ( which is soon and easily taken away , and we cannot our selves preserve , ) is to put our soul over on Gods care and custody , Into his hands committing our spirits . 4. The Word of God , giving assurance to the believer of his Redemption , is a ground sufficient , to make him confidently commit his soul to Gods keeping ; for he may say with warrant , Thou hast redeemed me , O God of truth . 5. Worldly men that believe not in God , have some other thing wherein they trust beside , as riches , friendship , their own wit , &c. which carnal confidences are but lying vanities , whereof the true believer must be aware , and hate the way of such as follow them ; for David hated them that regarded lying vanities , because he trusted in God. Ver. 7. I will be glad and rejoyce in thy mercy , for thou hast considered my trouble : thou hast known my soul in adversities ; 8. And hast not shut me up into the hand of the enemy , thou hast set my feet in a large room . In the next place he strengtheneth his faith by his former experience , and promiseth himself after this present sorrow , joy and gladnesse , whereof he hath some present sense , stirred up by calling to memory his experience . Whence learn , 1. In the midst of trouble faith will furnish matter of joy , and promise to it self gladnesse , especially from the memory of by-past experiences of Gods mercy ; as here , I will rejoyce and be glad in thy mercy . 2. When a believer is in adversity , the Lord will not misken him , he will make him know , that even then he hath an eye upon him , and friendly affections to him : Thou hast known my soul in adversity . 3. Adversary power shall not get their will of a fixed believer , but he shall have delivery from them , and victory over them , either temporally or spiritually , or both ways ; for here is the experience of it , Thou hast not shut me up in the hand of the enemy , thou hast set my feet in a large room . 4. The ground of our gladnesse , when we have found a proof of Gods kindnesse to us , should not be in the benefit so much , as in the fountain of the benefit ; for this giveth us hope to drink again of the like experience , from the fountain which did send forth that benefit . Therefore David sayes , I will be glad and rejoyce in thy mercy for ever . Ver. 9. Have mercy upon me , O Lord ; for I am in trouble : mine eye is consumed with grief , yea , my soul and my belly . 10. For my life is spent with grief , and my years with sighing : my strength faileth , because of mine iniquity , and my bones are consumed . 11. I was a reproach among all mine enemies , but especially among my neighbours , and a fear to my acquaintanc : they that did see me without , fled from me . 12. I am forgotten as a dead man out of minde : I am like a broken vessel . 13. For I have heard the slander of many , fear was on every side : while they took counsel together against me , they devised to take away my life . In the third place he layeth out his lamentable condition , in regard of perplexity of minde , and decay of natural strength , by grief and sorrow of heart , and in regard of the contempt of his adversaries , and neglect of his friends , and hazard of his life joyned with the sense of Gods displeasure for his sinnes , wherein he is a type of Christ suffering for our sinnes imputed to him , and an example of the hard exercise of the Saints ▪ Whence learn , 1. Great and of long continuance may the troubles of the godly be , great may their grief and heavinesse of heart be , before they get comfort , as the example of this meek man , so holy in his way , so subdued in his affections , doth shew by sundry expressions . 2. Albeit the Lord needs no words to informe him of our condition , or to move his affection to his children in trouble , yet he hath appointed us for evidencing our faith in him , and dependance upon him for relief , to come and tell him what aileth us ; and indeed it is an ease to the godly heart , to have the Lord to speak unto , and lay out their case before him , as here we see . 3. The conscience of sinne joyned with trouble , is a load above a burden , and able to break a mans strength more then any trouble ; for here he saith , my strength faileth because of mine iniquity , and my bones are consumed . 4. When the godly have many and powerfull enemies , then their acquaintance and neighbours , and the multitude of the people will readily believe that all misreports of them are true , and this maketh the grief of the godly the greater ; as here , I was a reproach among all mine enemies , but specially among my neighbours . 5. When the godly fall under persecution and trouble , their worldly friends for fear of danger , or burden by them , will turn their back on them , and forget acquaintance , yea and natural bands with them also ; and then must the godly lean to God , and expect comfort from him . This is holden forth in this type of Christ , and example of believers under tryall ; I am a fear to my acquaintance , &c. 6. Long lying in trouble will make a man to be forgotten of his friends , as if he were dead , and make him to lose all estimation at their hands , as if there were no worth in him at all . I am forgotten as a dead man out of mind , I am like a broken vessel . 7. It is Satans policy to draw great men and Councellors of State in tops with the godly , because commonly what great men esteem of the godly , that passeth for currant ; and it is Satans policy first to laden the godly with slanders , and then to persecute them to death , I heard the slanders of many , they took counsell together to take away my life . 8. In a sharp triall a soul may be assulted with terrible tentations on all hands , and feel terror and fighting within and without , fear , saith he , was on every side . Ver. 14. But I trusted in thee , O Lord , I said , Thou art my God. 15. My times are in thy hand : deliver me from the hand of mine enemies , and from them that persecute me . 16. Make thy face to shine upon thy servant : save me for thy mercies sake . 17. Let me not be ashamed , O Lord , for I have called upon thee : let the wicked be ashamed , and let them be silent in the grave . 18. Let the lying lips be put to silence , which speak grievous things proudly and contemptuously against the righteous . In the fourth place he wrestles by faith for delivery , and comfort in the mean time till delivery come to himself , and disappointment to his enemies . Whence learn , 1. It is the nature of faith , and it is the believers duty , to oppose help from God , unto all tentations , were they never so many ; as here David did . But I trusted in thee , O Lord. 2. Except we hold fast the grip of our Covenant with God , and avow it before him , trust will faile , and tentations readily prevail : much use made David of the Covenant in his strait , I said , Thou art my God. 3. Faith can make good chear of the general grounds of Gods providence , by making application thereof to its present use . The dispensations of al mens comforts and troubles , life and death , are in Gods hand , and not in mens power : my times are in thy hand , saith David . 4. Because all power is in Gods hand , prayer to him will prevail more for delivery from enemies , then any means besides ; Deliver me from the hand of mine enemies , and them that persecute me . 5. When the cloud of trouble hideth the Lords favour , faith knoweth it may shine again , and therefore prayeth through the cloud for dissolving of it ; make thy face to shine upon me . 6. As we must study to approve our selves to be the Lords servants , by studying obedience to him ; So must we make grace and nothing else save grace , the ground of our hope to be helped , comforted , or saved . Shine upon thy servant , saith he , save me for thy mercies sake . 7. As the humble prayer of the persecuted godly , shall be granted and have effect ; So the proud brags , coloured calumnies , and threatnings of slanderous and cruel adversaries , shall be shamefully refuted and disappointed ; and if the enemies shall not timously cease to persecute , they shall be made to cease in their graves , Let me not be ashamed , for I have called on thee , let the wicked be ashamed , and made silent in their graves ; let lying lips be put to silence , which speak grievous things proudly and contemptuously against the righteous . Ver. 19. O how great is thy goodnesse , which thou hast laid up for them that fear thee ; which thou hast wrought for them that trust in thee before the sonnes of men ! 20. Thou shalt hide them in the secret of thy presence , from the pride of man : thou shalt keep them secretly in a pavilion , from the strife of tongues . 21. Blessed be the Lord , for he hath shewed me his marvellous kindnesse in a strong City . Comfort and deliverance being the answer of his prayer , he praiseth God , and stirreth up the godly to set their hearts on God , and trust in him at all times . Whence learn , 1. The bounty of the Lord to his own people seen in the World , observed in the Lords ordinary dispensation towards them , and felt in a mans own experience , is able to ravish the heart with admiration of the blessednesse of Gods people , as here , O! how great is thy goodnesse ! 2. Beside what consolation of spirit the Lord giveth to his own , the Lord sometimes will manifest so much respect in his providence to his servants , that not only the godly , but also they who are but children of men , will be forced to acknowledge the Lords singular respect to them ; and beside what the Lord bestoweth either inwardly or outwardly upon his own in this life , there is yet more laid up for afterwards , for compleating of the blessednesse in the life to come : How great is thy goodnesse which thou hast laid up for them that fear thee , which thou hast wrought for them that trust in thee before the sons of men ! 3. How great peace of conscience before God , and comfort in the holy Ghost , the Lord can give a believer when he hath to do with proud open persecuters , and privily whispering slanderers ; It is a secret and hid mystery to the worldly man : this David describeth in a similitude taken from wa●fare , Thou shalt hide them in the secret of thy presence from the pride of man , thou shalt keep them secretly in a pavilion from the strife of tongues . 4. As every believer having gotten any experience of Gods goodnesse , should read it as a particular proof of some generall promise made to the godly ; so should he subscribe the truth of that promise , in favour of all beleevers , and blesse God for his own particular experience of it ; for so doth the Prophet here , saying , He hath shewed his kindnesse to me , that is , how kinde a God he is to his own , is in a strong City ; that is , preserved me in the wildernesse , as if I had been in the best fenced City in the world , furnished with men , victual and amunition in abundance . Ver. 22. For I said in mine haste , I am cut off from before thine eyes : Neverthelesse thou heardest the voice of my supplications , when I cried unto thee . He confesseth the great distress he was in , and how weak his faith was under the tentation ; this he doth to his own shame acknowledge also , that he may give the greater glory to God. Whence learn , 1. The faith of the godly may be shaken , and the strongest faith may sometimes shew its infirmity . I said in my haste , I am cut off from before thine eyes . 2. Though faith be shaken , yet it is fixed in the root , as a tree beaten by the winde , keeping strong gripes of good ground ; Though faith seem to yield , yet it faileth not , and even when it is at the weakest , it is uttering it self in some act , as a wrestler ; for here the expression of Davids infirmity in faith is directed to God , and his earnest prayer joyned with it , I am cut off from before thine eyes , yet thou heardest the voice of my supplications . 3. Praying faith , how weak soever , shall not be misregarded of God ; for neverthelesse saith he , thou heardest the voice of my supplication . 4. There may be in a soul at one time both grief oppressing , and hope upholding : both darknesse of trouble , and the light of faith ; both desperately doubting , and strong griping of Gods truth and goodnesse ; both a fainting and a fighting ; a seeming yeelding in the fight , and yet a striving of faith against all opposition ; both a foolish haste , and a settled stayedness of faith ; as here , I said in my haste , &c. Ver. 23. O love the Lord , all ye his Saints : for the Lord preserveth the faithful , and plentifully rewardeth the proud doer . 24. Be of good courage , and he shall strengthen your heart : all ye that hope in the Lord. Now he maketh farther use of his experience , in exhorting all the godly to follow his example , encouraging them yet with hope of like success . Whence learn , 1. The gracious dealing of God with believers , should glew their own hearts , and all other Saints hearts that hear of it , unto God in faith and love . O love the Lord all ye his Saints . He putteth love for faith , because it is inseparable from faith , and faith worketh by love , and love proveth the sincerity of faith . 2. The faithful man shall not want an upholder , albeit he had no friends : for the Lord preserveth the faithful . 3. The proud man shall not want a pursuer , and one to be avenged on him for his pride and oppression , though all the world should let him alone , for the Lord doth plentifully reward the proud doer . 4. Albeit opposition be made unto a believer , yet must he resist every thing which might put him back from trusting in God ; for it becometh a believer to be stout ; Be of good courage . 5. Who so aimeth at courage in the Lord , shall be furnished with strength to double out his undertaking of faith : Be of good courage , and he shall strengthen your heart . 6. Hope grounded on the promise , must be fixed , that our courage may be founded not on our selves , but on the word of God : Be of good courage all ye that hope in the Lord. PSAL. XXXII . A Psalme of David , Maschil . David in this Psalm describeth the blessednesse of the man justified by faith , by way of general Doctrine , set down , ver . 1 , 2. Which he cleareth by his own experience , ver . 3 , 4 , 5. Then he sheweth the uses both of the general doctrin , & of his own experience ; First , for inducing the godly , to go to God by prayer in trouble . v. 6. Secondly , for confirming of his own faith ▪ ver . 7. Thirdly , for teaching all men submission to God , and not to strive with him when he doth correct or exercise them , ver . 8.9 . Fourthly , for believing in God in all conditions , ver . 10. And fifthly , for making the Lord the joy and delight of the justified man. MAschil is put in the inscription of the Psalm , signifying instruction ; to teach us , That the Doctrine of justification by faith is a lesson which all men have need to learn , and to learn more and more solidly ; because salvation and daily consolation in all the exercises of a mans soul dependeth on it . Ver. 1. BLessed is he whose transgression is forgiven , whose sin is covered . 2. Blessed is the man unto whom the Lord imputeth not iniquity : and in whose spirit there is no guile . IN the Doctrine set down in these two verses ; Learn , 1. That sin draweth on a debt which no man can satisfie for : such a debt , as a man must perish , if it be not forgiven . 2. Sin is a filthinesse , which neither God can behold , without abominating the sinner , nor the guilty conscience can look upon without horror , except it be covered . 3. Sin draweth on a guiltinesse , which may draw men to damnation , if it shal be imputed . 4. There is no justification of a sinner by his good works before God , but only by the forgivenesse of his evil works , as the Apostle , Rom. 4.6 , 7 , 8. citing this place , proveth , Blessed is he whose transgression is forgiven . 5. Justification by faith , or remission of sins is accompanied with right unto salvation , because it is written , Blessed is the man whose transgression is forgiven . 6. Justification by faith , or absolution from sin , is accompanied also with the upright endeavour of sanctification ; for of the justified man it is said , Blessed is the man in whose spirit there is no guile . 7. Albeit no man liveth and sinneth not , yet God hath a way to cleanse the conscience of the upright man ; who honestly and without guile , endeavoureth to walk before God , by bringing him to give account of his debt , and to acknowledge his filthinesse , and his guiltinesse before God , and then for Christs sake forgiving him , and with Christs righteousness covering him , and for Christs mediation , not imputing iniquity unto him . Ver. 3. When I kept silence , my bones waxed old through my roaring all the day long . 4. For day and night thy hand was heavy upon me : my moysture is turned into the drought of Summer . Salah . He declareth this Doctrine by his own experience , how Gods wrath never left pursuing of him , til he came to make use of this doctrine , acknowledging his sin , and fleeing to the benefit of remission of sin , for the blood of the Messiah , the Lamb slain from the beginning of the world , in the symbole of the expiatory sacrifice then daily offered for sin . Whence learn , 1. That man is fittest to speak of the Doctrine of mans sin and misery , and of Gods free grace and mercy , who hath felt the bitternesse of sin and wrath , and the sweetnesse of Gods grace by experience of Gods pardon ; therefore is this Doctrine recommended to the Church by David , who had felt both . 2. A justified man who knoweth the Doctrine of Justification by faith in Christ , possibly , yea readily may forget to make use of this precious truth , when he hath most need of it , being under guiltinesse , and the pressure also of Gods fatherly wrath for it ; for David for a while being in this condition , was silent , and came not off at first to seek relief the right way : for he kept silence , and did not come to the acknowledgement of his sin , but was taken up only with the sense of the Rod. 3. When the Lord is about to make his child sensible of his sins , and of the necessity of a free remission of them , through the Mediatour , he can awake the conscience of sin , by the sense of sad affliction , and can encrease the heat of the furnace , and make his child roar for sorrow and paine , and thereby weaken his natural strength , and waste his spirits and his flesh , and his bones , and drive him to deaths door , til he make use of the Doctrine of Justification , or remission of sin by faith in God the Redeemer ; This was Davids case , when he kept silence , his bones waxed old . Gods hand was heavie upon him night and day , and the sap of his body was dried up as a piece of moist earth is dried in the drought of Summer . Ver. 5. I acknowledged my sinne unto thee , and mine iniquity have I not hid : I said , I wil confess my transgressions unto the Lord , and thou forgavest the iniquity of my sin . Selah . At last the Lord led him to the right remedy , pointed out the way unto him of humiliation , and confession of sin , and seeking of mercy , as it is prescribed in the Word , and so he was relieved . Whence learn. 1. Before the Lord let his child go from under the Rod , after he hath given him an essay of himselfe , and of his own way how unprofitable it is , he will bring him about to the right way of relief , as here we see . 2. The only way to quiet the conscience , to pacifie wrath , and remove judgment , is ingenuously to confesse sin , and to aggravate it sincerely ( laying aside extenuations , excuses , and subterfuges , for justifying of Gods dealing with us , and for humiliation of our own selves before him , ) and to flie to Gods mercy , laying out all before him ; as before a gracious God , who doth pursue controversies with his own , only to th' intent , that they may make peace with him in the Mediatour , and so be reconciled . So did David , He acknowledged his sin , and that unto God , he hid not 〈◊〉 iniquity . 3. Reconciliation with God , and renewing our peace is ready at hand , when we take the right way ( as is said ) to be delivered , for so sonne as David resolved opon this course , and said , he would confesse , it followeth , Thou forgavest the iniquity of my sin . Ver. 6. For this shal every one that is godly pray unto thee , in a time when thou maiest be found : surely in the floods of great waters , they shal not come nigh unto him The first use of this Doctrine and of Davids experience , is to teach others how to behave themselves in their trouble . Whence learn , 1. The Doctrine of Justification by gracious forgiving iniquity , is the ground of all the godlies approaches to God , and right worshipping of him ; for to shew the use of this Doctrine , thus tried by experience , he saith , Every godly one shall pray unto thee . 2. There is a time when God may be found , to wit , so long as God is offering grace , and sparing extremity of wrath , which time men ought to lay hold on , not knowing how short while it may last : They shal pray in a time when thou mayest be found . 3. It is possible , that a godly man may be in the middest of the waters of sore troubles , and yet these troubles not come near unto him , because God can furnish the man an Ark in Christ , whereby he shal swim above the deluge : and when God keepeth off trouble , that is proveth not hurtful , ( much more when he : maketh trouble a means of spiritual good to a man , and giveth the man true peace and contentment in himself ) it is verified what is promised here , Surely in the floods of great waters they shall not come near him . Ver. 7. Thou art my hiding place , thou shalt preserve me from trouble : thou shalt compasse me about with songs of deliverance From the second use wherein David confirmeth his own faith for time to come , Learne , 1. Experience of Gods mercies by gone should fasten resolution , to make use of faith hereafter in all troubles , as here . 2. The godly after one trouble , should prepare for another , after one delivery expect another , as here . 3. What God hath proved himself to be to us before , we may promise , he shal be the same to us in effect hereafter , because he is that by Covenant and promise to us , what in practice we have found him to he ; for David reasoneth thus , Thou art mine hiding place , thou shalt preserve me from trouble ; that is , I shal have no dammage by trouble , as is said . 4. A justified soul resolving to make use of God in every condition that can come unto him , according to the Covenant , may promise to himself a comfortable out-gate of all his troubles , and matter of praise and joy from God on all hands , yea , he may confidently say with David , Thou shalt compasse me about with joyfull deliverance . Ver. 8. I will instruct thee , and teach thee in the way which thou shalt go : I wil guide thee with mine eye . 9 Be ye not as the horse , or as the mule which have no understanding : whose mouth mu●t be held in with bit and bridle , lest they come n●er unto thee . From the third use of teaching others to be wise , by his example , Learn , 1. The right use of experience is to edifie others as our calling requireth ; when we are converted , we should strengthen our brethren ; for this David doth , I wil instruct thee , &c. 2. When we have heard how others have been afflicted , we should be wiser , and take instruction by their example , that we strive not with God , but submit our selves under his hand , acknowledge our sins , and seek mercy of him : Be not as the horse or the mule . 3. Whosoever wil not submit unto God , and seek unto his favour , shal find themselves so much the more hardly dealt with , as horses and mules are bound in with bit and bridle . Ver 10 Many sorrows shal be to the wicked : but he that trusteth in the Lord , mercy shal compasse him about . From the fourth use of maintaining a course of adhering to God in all conditions , because it shal be better with the believer , then with the wicked ; Learne , 1. There is no advantage to be had by repining against God , only the multiplication of sorrows shal follow thereupon , sin upon sin , wrath upon wrath , judgement upon judgement ; and after temporal evils , everlasting shal follow , for many sorrowes shall be to the wicked . 2. Not repining against God , taking with our chastisements , acknowledging of our sins in our affliction ; seeking in to Gods mercy , and leaning unto him , putteth difference between the wicked and the godly ; for here the believer is set in opposition to the wicked , and to the man that is like a horse or mule ; for he is called the man that trusteth in the Lord. 3. Whatsoever tentation , trouble , or opposition shal make assault against the believer ; mercy shal make the defence ; and shal give the deliverance on all hands , for mercy shall compasse him about . Ver. 11 Be glad in the Lord , and rejoyce , yee righteous : and shout for joy , all ye that are upright in heart . From the last use of making God our joy and delight ; Learne , 1. Such as understand the way of Justification by grace , and have fled to God for pardon of sin , and so are justified , have great matter of rejoycing , and should make conscience to rejoyce in God : for to them it is said , Rejoyce ye righteous . 2. The justified man is no counterfeit in the matter of Religion , nor hypocrite in the matter of outward obedience to the Lords Law , He is a righteous man , he is upright in heart . 3. The matter of his joy and triumphing is the Lord himself , his grace , his good wil , his Covenant , his promise , and constant kindnesse and mercy , for it is said to them , Be glad in the Lord. PSAL. XXXIII . This Psalm in Gods Providence hath no Inscription , as also many others have none ; that we may look upon holy Scriptures as altogether inspired of God , and not put price upon it for the Writers thereof , whether their name be expressed or not . In it there is first an exhortation to praise God , ver . 1 , 2 , 3. for his powerful , wise , and righteous government of all things in general , ver . 4 , 5. and more specially for his powerfull guiding the workes of Creation , ver . 6 , 7. Secondly , an exhortation , as to praise God , so also to fear him , for his omnipotency , and his powerful over-ruling and disappointing all the devices of men against his Church , and his powerfull executing all his own wil , v. 8 , 9 , 10 , 11. Thirdly , a proclaiming the blessedness of the Lords Church and People , and of Gods praises in reaching his Providence over all the world , in favours of his People , ver . 12 , 13 , 14 , 15. In special , for disappointing and evacuating all vaine confidences of men , great and smal , who do not trust in him , ver . 16 , 17. and taking care of such as fear him , and trust in him , to deliver them from all evil , v. 18 , 19. Fourthly , the use is set down which the godly doe make of this doctrine , and song of praise . Ver. 1. REjoyce in the Lord , O ye righteous : for praise is comely for the upright . 2 Praise the Lord with Harp , sing unto him with the Psaltery , and an instrument of ten strings . 3 Sing unto him a new Song , play skilfully with a loud noise FRom the exhortation made to the godly to praise God , Learne , 1. That to rejoyce in God is a point of praising of him , for it is here expounded to be praise ; Rejoyce in the Lord saith he , for praise is comely . 2. Albeit all be bound to praise God , yet none wil do it chearfully and acceptably , save only the godly , Rejoyce , ye righteous . 3. There is no exercise more becoming the godly , then praising of God , whether we look to the object of the praise , which is God ; or whether we look to their obligation above all people in the world ; For praise is comely to the upright . 4. There is no exercise whereunto we have more need to be stirred up , then to praise ; such is our dulnesse , and such is the excellency and necessity of the worke , as the Ceremonial use of musical instruments in the paedagogie of Moses , did signifie and import ; the religious use whereof , albeit it be taken away , with the rest of the Ceremonial Law ; ( the natural or civil use thereof remaining stil the same , both before the Ceremonial Law and after it , ) yet the thing signified , which is the bending all the powers of our soule and body to praise God , is not taken away : and this necessity of our up-stirring is imported in a threefold exhortation . 5 The praises of the Lord , being wel considered , wil yeild continually new matter , and fresh delight in the work . Sing unto him , saith he , ● new Song . Ver. 4. For the Word of the Lord is right , and all his works are done in truth 5 He loveth righteousnesse and judgment : the earth is ful of the goodnesse of the Lord. From the arguments of praise taken from his good governing of all things in the general , Learne , 1. The powerfull appointment of what is done in the world , and the execution thereof in effect , is most holy , just and equitable , that the creatures are so ranked as they are , some of them superiour , some inferiour ; some of them ruling , some of them serving ; some of them stronger , some weaker ; some of them agreeing to other , some of them disagreeing one from another ; some of them feeding upon , and others of them made food and prey to others ; all making up a harmony of wel ruled concords and discords , all is done wel and equitable : for , The Word of the Lord is right , and all his workes are done in truth . 2. The Lord cannot but do justly , because his nature is such , He loveth righteousnesse and judgment . 3. There is no part of the world wee can set our eyes upon , but it speaketh praise to God for his bounty to his creatures , and specially to man. The earth is ful of the goodnesse of the Lord. Ver. 6 By the word of the Lord were the heavens made : and all the hoste of them by the breath of his mouth 7 He gathereth the waters of the Sea together as an heap , he layeth up the depth in store houses . From the Works of Creation , Learne , 1. The omnipotency and wisdom of God in creating heaven and earth , and all things of nothing ; as they do praise God , so also do they prove the power and righteousnesse of his governing them . By the Word of the Lord the heavens were made . 2. How easie a thing it is to God , to govern and guide the World wel , appeareth by his making of all things at a word , He made all the hoste of them by the breath of his mouth , and it can cost him no more to uphold and rule them at his pleasure . 3. He is able to ward off whatsoever evil can befal us : For he gathers the waters of the sea as an heap , which would naturally overflow the earth . 4. He hath more bands over our heads to keep us in fear , and awe before him , and amongst the the rest , He layeth up the deep in store-houses , to let them loose , when and where , and how far he pleaseth . Ver. 8. Let all the earth feare the Lord ; let all the inhabitants of the world stand in awe of him . 9 For he spake , and it was done , he commanded , and it stoodfast . 10. The Lord bringeth the counsel of the heathen to nought ; he maketh the devices of the people of none effect . 11 The counsel of the Lord standeth for ever , the thoughts of his heart to all generations . In the second place , he exhorteth as to praise , so also to fear him . Whence learn , 1. The right use of the works of Creation , is , to take up , how glorious and how dreadful the Creator of them is , and to beware to offend him . Let all the earth feare before the Lord. 2. No man on earth is exempted from Gods judgment , when he transgresseth Gods Law , albeit he be without the Church : Let all the inhabitants of the world stand in awe of him . 3. His omnipotency manifested in framing and setling the frame of the world at a word : should move men to feare him ; for it is given for a reason to feare him , Because he spake , and it was done ; he commanded , and it stood fast . 4. Such as fear not God , have many devices of their own , how to make themselves blessed , and how to overturn his Church and People ; but God disappointeth them of their design , both in the one and in the other ; He bringeth the counsel of the Heathen to nought , and he maketh the devices of the people of none effect , and therfore all should fear him . 5. The whole worke of the Lords Providence , from the beginning of the world to the end therof , is all at once before his eyes , and all the Lords work is deliberately fixed by him ; The counsel of the Lord standeth for ever . 6. The Lord goeth on in executing of his determinate resolution , from one generation to another , without being frustrate of his purpose in any thing , lesse or more at any time : The counsel of the Lord standeth for ever , the thoughts of his heart to all generations . 7. Such as follow Gods direction , do obey his revealed Wil , do take the course set down by him in his Word , for their reconciliation with him , through the Messiah Christ , and do set his Word before them , to be the rule of their faith and obedience , cannot be disappointed of what is promised by God in his revealed wil , For the counsel of the Lord standeth for ever , and the thoughts of his heart to all generations . Ver. 12. Blessed is the Nation whose God is the Lord : and the People whom he hath chosen for his own inheritance . 13. The Lord looketh from Heaven : he beholdeth all the sons of men . 14. From the place of his habitation , he looketh upon all the inhabitants of the earth . 15. He fashioneth their hearts alike : he considereth all their works . In the third place he sheweth the blessednesse of Gods people , in order to his praise who hath chosen them , and who doth dispose of all things to their behoof . Whence learn , 1. Of all the people on the earth , the Lord hath only entred in Covenant with his Church , to be their God in a peculiar way ; for here , There is a Nation whose God is the Lord. 2. Such as do lay hold on God as their God , are the only blessed people in the world ; for it is said , Blessed is that Nation , whose God is the Lord , 3. Such as in the sense of their own sin and misery , and consideration of the vanity of all things beside God , have chosen God for their God , to live in Communion with him , they have evidence of their Election ; for they are here called , The people whom he hath chosen . 4. Such people , as is said , are that peculiar portion of the world , which God hath set apart for himself to draw the rent of his glory in the world by them , and from them in a special way ; and whom he will keep in his possession for ever , and not suffer himself to be bereft of them ; For they are the People whom he hath chosen for his inheritance . 5. Though the Church be the only inheritance of God , yet the rest of the world is the object of his wise , holy and powerful providence , no lesse then the Church : The Lord looketh down from heaven , and beholds all the sonnes of men . 6. There cannot be a plot on earth against Gods Church : but God is privy to it , and knoweth it perfectly ; for from the place of his habitation , he looketh on all the inhabitants of the earth . 7. The Lord cannot be ignorant of the most secret device of men , better or worse , because he is the Maker of the hearts of all men , He fashioneth their hearts alike , ( that is , the heart of one as well as of another ) he considereth all their works , that he may make of them what he will. 8. Men had need to consider whereupon their heart is set , and what course they are upon , and what work they are about , for he knoweth the heart , and considereth every mans work . Ver. 16. There is no King saved by the multitude of an hoste : a mighty man is not delivered by much strength . 17. An horse is a vain thing for safety : neither , shall he deliver any by his great strength . 18. Behold the eye of the Lord is upon them that fear him : upon them that hope in his mercy : 19. To deliver their soul from death , and to keep them alive in famine . Here he sets at naught all carnal confidence of men , that his people may neither fear their enemies , nor trust in their own furniture , and preferreth trusting in God , to all carnal confidence whatsoever . Whence learn , 1. Trusting in means , ( such as a mans strength , and the assistance of other men , or other creatures , ) is an errour so natural , and fixed , as it had need to be refuted by God , who hath said , that they are a vaine confidence to lean unto , which cannot deliver a man , There is no King saved by the multitude of an hoste , a mighty man is not delivered by much strength , and a horse is a vain thing for safety : And the actuall frustrating of mens hopes , to be helped by authority , strength , or external helpes , should teach men not to lean to them , when they are making use of them . 2. The man that believeth in God , and feareth him , is in a more safe condition , then the wicked in all their power and riches : Behold , the eye of the Lord is upon them that fear him , and hope in his mercy , to deliver them . 3. The whole perfection of a Christian life is comprized in these two , trusting in Gods mercy , and fearing him : for this is the description here of the Elect , and blessed man. 4. The godly cannot secure themselves from being brought in straits and necessities , but may be sure that God shall have a care of them in their necessities , and give them a blessed out-gate out of them all , For his eye is on them , to deliver them from death , and to keep them alive in famine . Ver. 20 ▪ Our soul waiteth for the Lord ; he is our help and our shield . 21. For our heart shall rejoyce i● him ; because we have trusted in his holy Name . 22. Let thy mercy ( O Lord ) be upon us : according as we hope in thee . In the last place is set down the use of this doctrine , which the godly should make of it . Whence learn , 1. All the points of the Lords praise , are props of the Saints faith , and grounds of their hope , as this Conclusion drawn from this song of praise , doth shew : Our soul waiteth for the Lord , &c. 2. Every believer may rejoyce , and promise to himself cause of rejoycing through faith in his name , Our hearts shall rejoyce in him , because we have trusted in him . 3. Faith always differenceth it self from presumption , by praying for what is promised , Let thy mercy be upon us , say the Believers . 4. Because the hope of the godly is grounded upon Gods promises , therefore it shall not be disappointed , But Gods mercy shall be on them , according as they hope in him . PSAL. XXXIV . A Psalme of David , when he changed his behaviour before Abimelech ; and he drove him away , and he departed . In this Psalme David praiseth God , for his delivery from the King of Gath , and exhorteth others to praise God with him , for his experience of Gods mercy , ver . 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6. Then for making farther use of this mercy , he gives out general doctrines concerning Gods protection and care of his children , with the uses thereof , ver . 7 , 8 , 9 , 10. Thirdly , he giveth counsel how to lead a blessed life , ver . 11 , 12 , 13 , 14. Fourthly , he enforceth his counsel by promises to the godly , who obey Gods counsel , and threatnings to the wicked man , who obeyeth not , ver . 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22. FRom the Inscription We learn , 1. That it is to good purpose to observe special mercies , in a special manner , and to note the circumstances thereof as here is done . 2. And that men in a preposterous fear , flying from one danger , may fall in another worse , as David did , when he fled into an unhallowed place , amongst Gods enemies , for fear of Saul , he falleth in Abimelech or Achish his hands . 3. And that God pitieth the infirmity of his children , and gives successe , some whiles to weak and unthrifty shifts , as here when David changed his behaviour , he escaped . 4. That God can and doth dispose of mens hearts , as he hath a minde to work by them : for he did move the heart of Achish not to take notice of David , otherwise then of a distracted man. Ver. 1. I Will blesse the Lord at all times : his praise shall continually be in my mouth . 2. My soul shall make her boast in the Lord : the humble shall hear thereof and be glad . HE promiseth here for his own part to praise God for the mercy received : Whence learn , 1. As no mercy should be misregarded ; so , notable mercies should be specially remembered , and God blessed for the same . 2. It is a point of thankfulnesse , to take all occasions to speak of God to others , His praise shall be continually in my mouth . 3. Whatsoever be our condition in our selves , matter of gloriation in God shall never be wanting to the believer , and this gloriation is a duty and a point of praising God , My soul shall make her boast in the Lord. 4. Only humble souls sensible of their own weaknesse are the people who do reap benefit by Gods mercies , bestowed on others and themselves : The humble shall hear and be glad . Ver. 3. O magnifie the Lord with me , and let us exalt his Name together . 4. I sought the Lord , and he heard me , and delivered me from all my fears . He exhorteth others to praise God with him , magnifying him for his greatness , and exalting him for his highnesse . Whence learn , 1. The Saints are obliged to help one another in praises as well as in prayer , albeit it cometh to passe that many do crave the aide of others prayers ; who call not for their help to praise : for here it is , Let us exalt his name together . 2. By Prayer the Lord is sought and found , and it is no small matter of comfort to us , and glory to God , that our prayer is regarded : I sought the Lord , saith he , and he heard me . 3. The fear of what is like to be , should not hinder prayer ; for the fears of the godly , are not certain prophecies : for God can deliver out of them all , He delivered me out of all my feares . Ver. 5. They looked unto him and were lightned : and their faces were not ashamed . 6. This poor man cryed , and the Lord heard him , and saved him out of all his troubles . He is glad , and commendeth Gods goodnesse to him for the fruit of this mercy to other believers . Whence learn , 1. One mans experience may be an encouragement to many , to run to God for the like alms . This David foreseeth shall be the fruit of Gods mercy to him , when men seeing him delivered , shall look to God , and take comfort , and confidence by this means . They looked on him , that is , on David , and so may we on Christ ( represented by him ) and at the fulnesse of the Godhead dwelling in Christ ; So they were lightened , and thus comforted in the middest of the darknesse of their troubles : and their faces were not ashamed ; because of confidence raised by this experience , that they should find the like mercy , when they stood in need . 2. The way to make best use of the example of Gods mercy to any person set down in Scripture , or which fall forth in our time , or are made certainly known to us any way , is to look upon them , not as they differ from us or our condition , but as they draw nearest in similitude to us , and unto the mean condition we are in , for so do the Saints look on David , saying , Not this rare Saint David , or this great Prophet David , or this holy man David , who was according to Gods heart ; but this poor man David cried , and the Lord heard him , and saved him out of all his troubles . Verse 7. The Angel of the Lord encampeth round about them that fear him , and delivereth them . 8. O taste and see that the Lord is good : blessed is the man that trusteth in him . In the next place are set down general Doctrines concerning Gods care of believers , to protect and feed them ; and the uses thereof ; To trust and fear God. Whence learn , 1. A right sight of Gods dealing with a mans own self , will give him great light about the Lords manner of dealing with others , his children , as here . 2. Though the Godly walk among foes , and be in a continual warfare , yet they are well looked to and guarded . The Angel of the Lord encampeth round about them . 3. The sense of Gods mercy and goodnesse , is the sweetest thing that ever was felt , and is able to season the bitterest cup that ever believer drank of : Taste and see that the Lord is good . 4. By faith is the taste of this sweetnesse gotten : for blessed is the man that trusts in him . 5. All that the believer can attain to in this life of spiritual consolation , whether by faith or experience sweetened with lively comforts of the holy Ghost , is but a taste in comparison of what is to be had hereafter , and yet that taste , O how sweet a joy , unspeakable and full of glory is it ! O taste and see that the Lord is good . 6. Affliction purgeth the taste of the believer , and a soul driven from all worldly helps , but fitted for exercising spiritual senses , as here we see , Davids taste is purged well after trouble . 7. As God is very communicative of his goodnesse , and offereth himself to men to be taken a proof of : so also gracious souls do wish and invite others to share with them in whatsoever grace the Lord doth bestow on them , as David doth here , saying to all , O taste and see . 8. Albeit this sweetnesse be not found at the first out-putting of faith , yet let faith rest on God , and it shall feel in due time , for blessed is he that putteth his trust in God ; yea , faith it self is a taste of that grace that is in God. Ver. 9. O fear the Lord , ye his Saints : for there is no want to them that fear him . 10. The young lions do lack and suffer hunger , but they that seek the Lord , shall not want any good thing . Another Doctrine concerning Gods care to feed and provide for all necessary furniture , unto the believer , with the use thereof ; which is to fear God. Whence learn , 1. True believers in God must study holinesse , for evidencing of their faith ; for therefore are they called Saints , and his Saints . 2. The fear of the Lord is the property of the Saints , whereby they are set on work to do what the Lord commandeth , and to forbear what he forbiddeth ; and no bonds of inclination , counsel , example , lawes , fear of shame , or punishment from men , are able to keep a man in order when he meeteth with a fit tentation to sin , but the fear of God restraineth the man both outwardly and inwardly , in secret , and open , alwayes , and every where ▪ and whatsoever measure of holy fear the Saints have attained unto , yet may they be exhorted , and must hearken unto exhortation , to grow in this grace : O fear the Lord , ye his Saints . 3. Such as fear God , need not to want any necessary furniture in Gods service , for there is no want to them that fear him . 4. Proud oppressors , wealthy and potent Princes , that trust in their own power , shall not be so sure of their own standing and furniture , as the meanest of true believers are . The lions do lack and suffer hunger , but they that seek the Lord shall not want . Though the godly may want many earthly things yet shall they have food and raiment , and shall not want any good thing . 6. The right sort of fearing of God , and labouring for more and more near communion with him , are inseparable properties of the Saints , for they that are called Saints are called here fearers of him , and seekers of him also . Ver. 11. Come , ye children , hearken unto me , I will teach you the fear of the Lord. 12. What man is he that desireth life : and loveth many dayes : that he may see good ? 13. Keep thy tongue from evill , and thy lips from speaking guile : 14. D●part from evill , and do good : seek peace , and pursue it In the third place , he giveth direction how a man shall live blessedly , by evidencing the sincerity of the fear of God in him , which is a grace inseparable from faith in God , manifesting it self in obedience to his commands . Whence learn , 1. There should be such mutual love and respect between the teacher and the people taught , as is between parents and children ; yea , God in his servants offereh himself as a father ready to instruct his visible Church , as his children , Come , ye children , saith he , and hearken unto me . 2. The true fear of God is the way to live blessedly in this life ; where misery most aboundeth , and this should be a motive to seek after this grace , for it is asked here , What man is he that desireth life , & c ? and then the way to attain to it , is set down in some particulars of the fear of God , as the inseparable companions of faith in God. 3. The true fear of God must evidence it self by the fruits thereof , such as are the ruling of mans tongue , & of the rest of the outward man ; eschewing whatsoever the Lord forbids , and endeavouring every good duty which God commandeth , and the keeping peace with all men so farre as in us lieth , for so doth the Prophets words bear , vers . 13 , 14. This is the evidence of the fear of God in effect , when such outward works proceed from inward principles of saving grace . Vers. 15. The eyes of the Lord are upon the righteous : and his ears are open unto their cry . 16. The face of the Lord is against them that do evil , to cut off the remembrance of them from the earth . In the last place he presseth this Doctrine by shewing the priviledges of the righteous , and the miserable state of the wicked , setting the one against the other , in opposition thrice ; In the first learn , It is a good means to keep our hearts in the fear of God , to consider the gain of godliness , and the dammage and danger of wickednes , as here they are set in opposition . 2. Such as have their eye upon God and his word , for righteousnesse and life , may be sure of the watchful eye of God on them , for their direction in their way , their consolation in their grief , and deliverance out of trouble ; for , The eyes of the Lord are upon the righteous . 3. As the righteous lend their ears to Gods word , to his promises and precepts : so the Lord lendeth his eare to their supplications and desires , His ears are open to their cry . 4. On the other hand , as the wicked , who fear not God , set their face to do evill , and to transgresse Gods commands ; so God shall set his face against them , to be avenged upon them : The face of the Lord is against them that do evil . 5. The only happinesse which the wicked man seeketh , is to have riches , honour and pleasure in the earth , and to have his own name in estimation among men hereafter , and these things also , beside the losse of heaven shall be taken from him , and his temporal life withal ; for The face of the Lord is against them , to cut off their remembrance from the earth . Ver. 17. The righteous cry , and the LORD heareth , and delivereth them out of all their troubles . 18. The Lord is nigh unto them that are of a broken heart : and saveth such as be of a contrite spirit . 19 Many are the afflictions of the righteous : but the Lord delivereth him out of them all . 20 He keepeth all his bones : not one of them is broken . 21 Evil shal sla● the wicked ; and they that hate the righteous shal be desolate . Another opposition , of the good appointed for the godly , and the evil appointed for the wicked . Wherein learn , 1. The Lord putteth the godly to trouble , and by trouble putteth them to their prayers , and delayes answer til the need be great ; and then they do cry to the Lord , and then he giveth evidence of his hearing , and sendeth deliverance ; for The righteous cry , and the Lord heareth , and delivereth them out of all their troubles . 2. It is as true , as it may seem strange , that the Lord wil press his own so long with trouble til he break their hearts , and kil their natural courage and confidence ; for here are the godly described to be men of a broken heart , and contrite spirit . 3. Though the Lord so break the natural confidence of his own , and so empty them ( by trouble ) of all conceit of their own worth , wisdom or ability to deliver themselves out of trouble , that they may rely on God only ; yet wil he not withdraw himself from them , nor suffer them to perish in discouragement . The Lord is neer to them that are of a broken heart , and saveth such as be of a contrite spirit . 4. Though the righteous be the only men in the world whom God loveth best ; yet will he not only not exempt them from trouble , but also wil exercise them with multitudes and varieties of troubles from his own hand immediately , from Satans temptations , from the malice of the wicked of the world , &c. Many are the troubles of the righteous ; for thus wil the Lord conform the redeemed to their head , try , and traine them up in faith , and patient submission to Gods wil ; teach them to pray and wait on , and give proof of the sincerity of the grace given to them . 5. The godly are as oft delivered , as they are troubled ; either by removing of the trouble , or by giving strength and patience to bear it , or comfort under it , and certain hope of outgate from it ; or by ending all troubles to them at once . His troubles are many ; but the Lord delivereth him out of them all . 6. The Lord moderateth , weigheth , and measureth all the troubles of his own , what they shal suffer in their life and death , and leaveth it not to the wil of the instruments of their trouble . He keepeth all his bones , not one of them is broken . This was true of Christ our Lord , of whom many things were prefigured , and prophesied in the Psalms ; and in this amongst the rest , which sheweth : That in the Psalms , as the matter wil suffer , Christ is much to be eyed , and more then David , of whom at 〈◊〉 , the same seemeth to speak chiefly . 7. As to the opposite state of the wicked ; Wee learne , That the wickednesse of the wicked , is both the meritorious cause , and the means also of the wicked mans destruction ; For evil shall slay the wicked . 8. It is the mark of a wicked man , to hate the righteous for his righteousness ; and so is it set down here . 9. He that hateth the righteous , or the image of God in his neighbour , shal be guilty of all the consequences of the enmity , and be destitute of comfort when he hath most need , He that hateth the righteous , shall be desolate . Verse . 22. The Lord redeemeth the soule of his servants ; and none of them that trust in him shal be desolate . The third opposition between the righteous and the wicked , is in relation to what is said in the former verse . Whence learne , 1. The wicked shal perish in their sin , and for their sin ; But the righteous shal not perish in their sinnes , nor for them ; for , Evil shal slay the wicked ; but the Lord shall redeeme the soules of his servants , to wit , out of sinne and misery . 2. As the wicked are servants of sin , and serve an ill Master , and get an ill reward ; so the godly are servants of righteousness , and have God for their Master , and shal have delivery and salvation for their reward , as the comparison here set down sheweth . 3. As the wicked who are destitute of faith in God , when they fall in trouble , want consolation : So all the righteous , who are no other then sincere Believers in God , shal have good company and consolation in all their trouble , and never be left alone : for , The haters of the righteous shal be desolate , but none of them that trust in God shall be desolate . PSAL. XXXV . This Psalme is a representation of Christs hottest contest with his adversaries , wherein they are about to doe their worst against him , and his Kingdome ; and he denounceth the hottest wrath of God against them , for their everlasting overthrow , set forth under the shadow of Davids contest with his irreconcileable enemies . Wherin he prayeth God to arise for him , ver . 1 , 2 , 3. and take order with his despiteful enemies , ver . 4 , 5 , 6 ▪ 7 , 8. which as it may comfort the supplicant , so shall it serve also for Gods glory , ver . 9 , 10. A maine reason of which petition , is the unjust and ingrate dealing of his enemies with him , ver . 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16. Whereupon he reneweth his petition the second time , ver . 17 , 18 , 19. Pressing his former reason from the enemies unjust and insolent disposition , ver . 20 , 21. and then reneweth his petition the third time for himself against his enemies , ver . 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26. and for all the favorers of his cause , ver . 27 , 28. Ver. 1. PLead my cause ( O LORD ) with them that strive with me : fight against them that fight against me . 2. Take hold of shield and buckler , and stand up for my help . 3. Draw out also the spear , and stop the way against them that persecute me ; say unto my soule , I am thy salvation . FRom his petition for himself ; Learn , 1. Such as take part with God against his enemies , the Lord wil take part with them against their enemies : If any plead against the Believer by verbal calumnies , and slanders , the Lord wil be their party . If any wil oppose the godly with violence , the Lord wil oppose them : For this prayer of one of the godly , is as good as a promise to all , Plead my cause , O Lord , with them that strive with me : fight against them that fight against me . 2. There is defence abundance to be found in God , against whatsoever the enemie can do ; a shield and buckler in Gods hand , when he pleaseth to stand up and help . 3. The Lord can terrifie the enemy , so that he dare not assault the man whom God pleaseth to defend , and hold him off with long weapons , giving the enemie some other thing to do , then pursue his people : Hee can draw out the spear , and stop the way against them that persecute the godly . 4. He can quiet the hearts of his own in the midst of persecution , and make them fearlesse , in perswading them of their salvation , everlasting at least ; and this may fully satisfie , if the Lord say unto their soul , I am thy salvation . Verse 4 Let them be confounded and put to shame , that seek after my soul : let them be turned back and brought to confusion , that devise my hurt . 5. Let them be as chaffe before the wind : and let the Angel of the Lord chase them . 6 ▪ Let their way be dark and slippery , and let the Angel of the Lord persecute them . 7. For without cause have they hid for me their net in a pit , which without cause they have digged for my soul. 8 Let destruction come upon him at unawares , and let his net which he hath hid , ●atch himself : into that very destruction let him fall . From his petition against his enemies ; Learn , 1. Shameful disappointment shal they find at length who intend to destroy the godly ; Let them be confounded and put to shame , that se●ke after my soul. 2. Though the enemies of Christ and the godly , advance in the prosecution of their hurtful devises , yet shal they be forced to retire with shame . They shal be turned back and brought to confusion , who devise their hurt . 3. As the enemy hath pursued , so shal Gods wrath pursue him , and chase him , and drive him to perdition : They shall be as the chaffe before the wind . 4. Albeit there were no earthly man to pursue Christs enemies , yet avenging angels , or evil spirits shal be let forth upon them and their families , to trouble them : Let the Angel of the Lord chase them . 5. The Lord shal put them to such straits , as they shal not know what hand to turn to , what way to take , and in the way which they take , they shal fal : Let their way be dark and slippery . 6. When they are fallen in a mischief , the hand of the Lord shal be stretched out against them stil ; Let the Angel of the Lord pursue them . 7. Though the godly by behaving themselves innocently , cannot eschew the persecution of the wicked ; yet innoc●nt behaviour is a great ease to the conscience of the godly , a matter of encouragement to them in their addresses to God , and a great aggredging of the ditty of the enemy , as here twice he saith , Without cause they hid their net . 8. Though the enemies of the godly do plot secret devices against them , yet not so secret , but God can give warning of it , and make it an errand for the godly , to pray to him , to disappoint the plot , as is here imported ; They have hid for me their net in a pit . 9. The wicked know not how to be sure of their prey , when they hunt for the life of the godly . They prepare the net , and set it ; they hide it , and they hide it in a pit . 10. When the enemies of Gods people do least expect harm , then shal a mischief surprize them ; Destruction shall come upon them unawares . 11. The very course which the enemy taketh against Gods Church and people , shal be the nearest course to destroy themselves : Let his net that he hath hid , catch himself : Into that very destruction let him fall . Ver. 9. And my soul shal be joyful in the Lord ; it shal rejoyce in his salvation . 10. All my bones shal say , LORD , who is like unto thee , which deliverest the poor from him that is too strong for him , yea , the poor and the needy from him that spoileth him ? He brings a reason of his prayer from the comfort which hee should have , and the glory which God should have , by the means . Whence learn , 1. It is a good reason to strengthen our hope to be heard , when our comfort and Gods glory may both be promoted , by the granting of our desire , as here we find it . 2. The destruction of the enemies of the Church , is not a matter of rejoycing in mens destruction , but of rejoycing in the Lord , and in his wise manner of delivering of his people ; My soule shal be joyful in the Lord , it shall rejoyce in his salvation . 3. In the estimation of the godly , the tongue is too little to magnifie the Lord for his mercies ; for their desire is , that all the powers of the soul , and that all the parts of the body , even the bones , which are least sensible in their own kind , might praise him ; All my bones shal say , &c. 4. The Lord hath waies wonderful , others and more then ever man conceived , wherby he can deliver his own in their lowest condition from their oppressors , when they are in the height of their power and pride , Lord , who is like unto thee ? which deliverest the poor from him that is too strong for him , &c. 5. Though before deliverance come , Faith hath cause to say all that sense can say of Gods praises , after deliverance is come ; yet when sensible experience of a hoped delivery is come , there is a more hearty and a more chearful manner of expressing of the Lords praises , then can be before it come ; as the promise of the Prophet , to say , so and so , as is in the Text , after the delivery is come , doth import . 6. It is a sort of ( as it were ) ingaging of God to deliver , when the heart of the Believer ingageth it self to glorifie God after the deliverie ; for here the Prophet maketh use of this , promising praise towards this end . Verse 11. False witnesses did rise up : they laid to my charge things that I knew not . 12 They rewarded me evil for good : to the spoiling of my soul. 13 But as for me , when they were sick , my clothing was sackloth : I humbled my soul with fasting , and my prayer returned into mine owne bosome . 14. I behaved my self , as though he had been my friend or brother : I bowed down heavily , as one that mourneth for his mother . 15. But in mine adversity they rejoyced , and gathered themselves together ; yea , the abjects gathered themselves together against me , and I knew it not ; they did tear me , and ceased not . 16 With hypocritical mockers in feasts : they gnashed upon me with their teeth . He amplifieth that reason of his petition , taken from his enemies carriage , by laying before God their falshood and ingratitude . Whence learne , 1. The godly are subject , not only to be backbitten , and traduced privily , and slandered more openly ; but also to be charged unjustly before Judges , and pursued criminally for their life without a cause , and to have false witnesse led against them , that they may be condemned under colour of Law ; this was found in effect by David , and Christ represented by him . False witnesses did rise up ; They laid to my charge things that I knew not . 2. No bonds of nature or humanity will bind up the wicked from persecuting the godly , even to death , how wel soever the godly have deserved of them , They rewarded me evil for good , to the depriving me of my life . 3. True love is best known , as by rejoycing at anothers welfare , so by grieving for his grief ; When they were sick , my cloathing was sackcloth . 4. Hearty prayer also for any man , is a token of unfeigned love to a man , specially when prayer and fasting are joyned together for them , I humbled my soul by fasting . 5. When the expressions of grief , by words or teares in prayer for any , waken up the affection yet more to pray ardently for them ; It is yet a farther token of unfeigned love of them for whom we pray . My prayer ( saith he ) returned into my bosome ; which is as much , as my expressions in prayer , in sighes , affectionate words and teares , affected my heart ( Lament . 3.49.51 . ) with new motions of earnest dealing for them . 6. True Christians affection to their enemies , is able to affect the soul , as much to the seeking their welfare , and commiserating their miserie , as the natural affection of a natural man can affect him toward friends and kinsfolk , in nearest natural relations unto him ; for David saith , I behaved my self as though he had been my friend or brother ; I bowed down heavily as one that mourneth for his mother . From the evil meeting which he received of his enemies , ver . 15 , 16. Learn , 1. Many of those that pretend great friendship to the godly in time of prosperity , may not only turn their back upon them , in time of adversity , but also turn to be their open enemies , and rejoyce in their calamity ; But in my adversity , saith he , they rejoyced . 2. The troubles of the godly do draw the wicked into a more neer union amongst themselves , as it were congratulating one another in their sinful courses , and strengthening one another ; They gather themselves together . 3. Base rascals , who have nothing to commend them , save meerly their hatred of Gods , people , and of their piety , wil get respect amongst the enemies of Christ , and of his people , for that very reason , because they hate the godly , and wil be admitted in the fellowship of ring-leading enemies ; Yea the abjects gathered themselves together against me . 4. In the meeting of the wicked among themselves , Christ and his followers have their name torn and rent in pieces continually , with calumnies and slanders , which possibly come not to their ears half of them : They gathered together , and I knew it not : they did tear me in pieces , and ceased not . 5. Sad ●aunts and scoffs of pretended holy men , jearing at true piety ; is no smal part of the persecution of Christ , and of his followers ; for here amongst the rest are hypocritical mockers . 6. When the wicked without fear do fil and stuffe their belly in their feasting in the time of the Churchs trouble : Their scoffs and their jests , yea and their bloody expressions of cruelty against the godly , are the most relishing sauce of their banquets : With hypocritical mockers in their feasts , they gnash upon me with their teeth . Ver. 17. Lord , how long wilt thou look on ? rescue my soul from their destruction , my darling from the Lions . 18 I wil give thee thanks in the great Congregation : I wil praise thee among much people . 19 Let not them that are mine enemies wrongfully rejoyce over me : neither let them wink with the eye that hate me without a cause . 20 For they speak not peace ; but they devise deceitful matters against them that are quiet in the land . 21. Yea , they opened their mouth wide against me , and said , Aha , aha , our eye hath seen it . He repeateth his petition for delivery from his enemies the second time , and presseth the same reason taken from the insolent and cruel disposition of the enemy . Whence learn , 1. The time of trouble and persecution of the godly may continue much longer then the goldly did expect , in which case as they must waite on patiently , till the Lord put to his hand to relieve his Church , and punish their enemies ; so they may ease their heart , in laying their earnest longing to be delivered , before the Lord , and say , Lord , how long wilt thou look on ? 2. As it is lawful to lament the Lords seeming long delay to help us , so we must not complain too soon ; for before David uttereth this , how long , he is long in trouble , and in danger of his life , by unreasonable and beastly cruel men , and is altogether destitute of all means of relief , as his prayer testifieth ; Rescue my soul from their destructions , my darling from the Lions . 3. The godly by faith in the deepest danger , may see their delivery in their sadest and darkest sorrow ; yea may behold the light of consolation coming ; in their banishment , may behold their liberty , and see their fellowship with the Saints ; and in the midst of complaints , may promise to themselves reasons of praise , and the payment of their vows made to God , as here we see in the midst of this sad condition the Prophet saith , I will give thee thanks in the great congregation : I will praise thee among much people . 4. It augmenteth the grief of the godly , to see the wicked take advantage of their trouble , and mockers of Religion to rejoyce over their sufferings in a good cause ; and they may heartily deprecate this evil , that it may not at least , last long ; Let not those that are my enemies rejoyce over me . 5. The less cause of provocation of our enemies be given to them by us , the greater is the hope of delivery , and the readier shall be our help from God , and the less cause shal be to the enemy to wink with the eye , as witty well pleased scoffers do , when they get their will ; Neither let them wink with the eye , saith he , that hate me without a cause 6. Albeit godly mens quiet carriage in the land where they live , will not save them from the hostile speeches , and malicious plottings of their adversaries against them , yet shall their quiet behaviour speak to God for them ; and against their enemies , and ma●e a speedy mischief come upon them from the Lord ; for to this purpose he saith , They speak not peace , but they devise deceitful matters against them that are quiet in the land . 7. The enemies of the Church are a base generation , taking pleasure and sport in the miseries of the godly , who do not injure them , yea are a vain and insolent generation , triumphing over the weakness of the innocent , when they are in low condition , and in the case of suffering , which common humanity , and ordinary generosity doth abhor , They opened their mouth wide against me , and said , Aha , aha , our eye hath seen it . Ver. 22. This thou hast seen : ( O LORD ) keep not silence : O Lord , be not far from me . 23. Stir up thy self , and awake to my judgement , even unto my cause , my God , and my Lord. 24. Iudge me , O LORD my God , according to thy righteousnesse , and let them not rejoyce over me . 25. Let them not say in their hearts , Ah , so would we have it : let them not say , We have swallowed him up . 26. Let them be ashamed and brought to confusion together , that rejoyce at my hurt : let them be clothed with shame and dishonour , that magnifie themselves against me . He reneweth his petition for himself and against his enemies the third time . Whence learn , 1. Such as feed their eyes upon the miseries of others , and specially on the miseries of the godly , the Lord shall not wink at their wickedness , but make it appear , that he hath marked their cruelty , that he may punish it exemplarily ; for after the enemies crying out , our eyes have seen , the Prophet addeth , This thou hast seen , O Lord , be not silent . 2. The hardest condition that can befall a believer , is a tolerable case and condition , if God draw neer to his soul : for all the remedy that David craveth , till the outgate come , is this , O Lord , be not far from me . 3. Though the Lord for a time suffer his own to lie under foot oppressed , yet for his justice sake , and for his covenants sake , he will justly determine the controversie , and clear his own servants , He will stir up himself to do judgement ▪ & decide their cause . 4. In the decision of the controversie between the godly and their enemies , the cause of the godly shall get no wrong , but be declared to be righteous , and the enemies shall have no matter to rejoyce in . He shal judge the godly according to their righteousnes , and shal not suffer the wicked to rejoyce over them . 5. When the enemies of the Church have laid their last reckoning of the issue of their bloody course against the godly , they shall see the matter to go otherways then they would , or expected on both hands . They shall not have cause to say , So would we have it , or we have swallowed them up . They are too too precious a morsel for them to devour . 6. Shame and confusion , dishonour and disgrace on all hands shall be upon one , and upon all Christs enemies , who seek the detriment of his cause , and to have gain to themselves , by opposing of him , and his cause in his peoples hand ; for this prayer against them shall still speak effectually , Let them he ashamed and brought to confusion together , and let them be clothed with shame and dishonour , &c. Ver. 27. Let them shout for joy , and be glad that favour my righteous cause ; yea , let them say continually , Let the Lord be magnified , which hath pleasure in the prosperity of his servants . 28. And my tongue shall speak of thy righteousnesse , and of thy praise all the day long . As David prayeth for himself , so he prayeth for all the favourers of his righteous cause , as the type of Christ , whose spirit spake by him , for the edification of the Church in all times coming . Whence learn , 1. It is one mark of godliness amongst many other , to befrind the cause of Christ , and to further it in the person of his Saints suffering for righteousness , with their best affection ; for here they are described by being the favourers of their righteous cause . 2. In the persecution of the godly for the cause of Gods truth and true Religion , all the godly are concerned : and as they partake of the sufferings with others under Christ the head ; so shall they partake of the joy of the victory , and outgate which shall be exceeding joyful at last ; Let them shout for joy , and be glad ( saith the type of Christ ) that do favour my righteous cause . 3. The troubles of the godly are not so many , but room is left for sometimes prosperity , for God loveth the prosperity of his servants , to wit , as it may conduce to his purpose , and their good . 4. When any of the godly are delivered from their persecutors , all the rest of the godly are bound as they understand of it , to set forth the power of God , and his love and bounty manifested and forth coming to his people : Let them say , Let the Lord be magnified , who hath pleasure in the prosperity of his servants . 5. Whatsoever opposition the enemies of Christ , and of the godly shall make , Christ shall keep up the open profession of true Doctrine , which manifesteth the righteousness of God ; leading men to eternal life , and bringing glory to God ; for this is the undertaking of the type and of Christ represented by him , after the hottest contest between him and the wicked enemies . My tongue shall speak of thy righteousness , and of thy praise all the day long . PSAL. XXXVI . To the chief Musician , A Psalm of David , the servant of the LORD . This Psalm hath three parts . In the first David sets down the perversness of the wicked in their sinful course and devices against the godly and himself , ver . 1 , 2 , 3 , 4. In the second , he comforts himself , and doth settle his faith on the praises and properties of God , ver . 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9. In the third he prayeth in the behalf of Gods children , and for himself , to be delivered from the wicked , ver 10 , 11 , 12. FRom the inscription , Learn , That to be a servant of the Lord is an honour , and a priviledge above all earthly priviledges ; and by giving a sweet testimony to the conscience , it doth season every condition of life , more then any earthly advantage can do . Ver. 1. THe transgression of the wicked saith within my heart , that there is no fear of God before his eyes . 2. For he flattereth himself in his own eyes , until his iniquity be found to be hateful . 3. The words of his mouth are iniquity and deceit : he hath left off to be wise , and to do good . 4. He deviseth mischief upon his bed , he setteth himself in a way that is not good : he abhorreth not evil ▪ FRom his observation of the carriage of the wicked ; Learn , 1. Albeit all the world cannot be discerned to be graceless and unconverted , yet the lewd life of some may speak their being in the state of corrupt nature unconverted , to the conscience of a discerning man ; For the transgression of the wicked saith in my heart , that there is no fear of God before his eyes . 2. It is not the imperfection or short coming in the fear of God , but the being destitute of it altogether , that proveth a wicked man : There is no fear of God before his eyes . 3. As a man that feareth God is watchful over his own ways , and censorious of himself ; so the man that feareth not God is secure and well pleased with his own doings , He flattereth himself in his own eyes . 4. As the man that feareth God laboureth to inform his conscience well , that he may not commit iniquity ; so the man that feareth not God , doth gull and deceive his own conscience , till he have gotten the iniquity accomplished , and it be now made open in its own colours , He flattereth himself in his own eyes , till his iniquity worthy to be hated be found , or his iniquity be found to be hatefull . 5. As the man that feareth God will discern the sin in himself , whereof he is in danger , before any man perceive it ; so the man that feareth not God , will not see his own sin , no nor when any that looks upon his way may see it , He flattereth himself in his own eyes , till his iniquity be found to be hated . 6. As the man that feareth God makes conscience of his speeches , and will be loath to cover sin with vain pretences and excuses , but rather will confesse it . So the man that feareth not God , will not stand , whatever pretence he useth for doing of iniquity , nor what excuse he maketh for the iniquity , when it is done , for deceiving both others and himself . The words of his mouth are iniquity and deceit . 7. As the man that feareth God , by all means striveth that he may grow wiser and holier , so the man that fears not God , will misregard , and cast off the means of wisdome and holiness ; He hath left off to be wise , and to do good ; whatsoever he seemed to have before , he goeth back even from that more and more . 8. As the man that feareth God , communeth with his heart upon his bed , that he may not sin , no not in his heart : So the man that feareth not God , deviseth how he may plot and perform sin willingly , He deviseth mischief on his bed . 9. As the man that feareth God doth abhor that which is evill , and laboureth to be sure that the way he is upon is good : so the man that feareth not God , taketh no farther notice of what he doth , then what is most for his purpose ; and neither abhorreth what he would be at , because it is evil , nor affecteth it , because it is good ▪ but having digested his purpose , by meditation and resolution , he goeth on obstinately , He setteth himself in a way that is not good ; he abhorreth not evil , and such were Davids enemies , and such will be the enemies of Christ and his people . Ver. 5. Thy mercy ( O LORD ) is in the Heavens , and thy faithfulness reacheth unto the clouds . 6. Thy righteousness is like the great mountains : thy judgements are a great deep ; O Lord , thou preservest man and beast . 7. How excellent is thy loving kindness , O God! therefore the children of men put their trust under the shadow of thy wings . 8. They shall be abundantly satisfied with the fatnes of thy house : and thou shalt make them drink of the river of thy pleasures . 9. For with thee is the fountain of life : in thy light shall we see light . The second part of the Psalm , wherein David comforteth himself in God , and setleth his faith on the praise-worthy properties of God. Whence learn , 1. The turning of the believers eye off the wickedness of their adversaries , and looking to Gods goodness , and wise dispensation , will comfort his heart against all that the enemy can do , and set him on work toward godliness , so much the more as he perceiveth atheisme in them ; for when David had pointed out his enemy , he falleth to the praising of God , saying Thy mercy , O Lord , is in the Heavens . 2. Albeit the carriage of the wicked toward God , and the godly , doth tend to obscure Gods glory , in the point of justice toward the one , and point of mercy toward the other ; yet the works of creation , and the constant government therof , shal bear witness of the constancy of Gods mercy and faithfulness , and righteousness , and judgement , as here is shewen . 3. Though the effects of Gods mercy should not appear to the believer on earth , yet faith will see them in their fountain and cause , Thy mercy O Lord ( saith the believer ) is in heaven . 4. Let Gods works and his word be compared together , and the truth of his promises and threatnings shall be so traced , and seem to be true , as shall satisfie us , and let us see so far till our eye can follow no farther , Thy faithfulness reacheth unto the clouds . 5. Whatsoever carnal reason may judge of Gods dispensations towards the godly , and the wicked : yet his holiness and justice is firme and unchangeable , Thy righteousness is like the great mountains . 6. Albeit we cannot see thorow matters , nor reconcile cross cogitations , sometimes offered from the grounds of faith on the one hand , and from the effects of providence offered by sense on the other hand , yet must we remember that God is wiser then we , and his deep draughts are past finding out by us , Thy judgements are a great deep . 7. This one consideration of Gods course of kindness to his own creatures , making his Sun to shine , and his rain to fall on his enemies , as on his friends , may quiet our mind , concerning Gods sparing for a time the wicked , and liberal dealing with them ; O Lord , thou preservest man and beast . There is a course of common preservation , and kindness , running toward all . 8. Over and above common kindness there is a more intire , special , and precious love and kindness toward believers in God , which is inexpressible a●●●●●teth comparison , How excellent , or precious is thy loving kindness , O God! saith David , speaking of this . 9. The belief 〈◊〉 Gods readiness to let forth this love , may and should , and doth animate men to draw neer unto him , albeit they have as yet no experience of the fruits of it , Therefore the children of men that put trust under the shadow of thy wings . 10. The Lord without exception of any , to whom he sendeth the Gospel , and without exception of any within the visible Church , doth offer to be reconciled through Christ Jesus , to every man who shal flie into the propitiatory and mercy-seat erected in Jesus Christ ; who is God incarnate , according as he was holden forth in the figure of the golden Ark of the Covenant , and stretched forth wings of the Cherubims , as is here said , Therefore the children of men put their trust under the shadow of thy wings . 11. Such as do not give the lie to God , when they find not at first what they hoped for , but do indeed believe in his word , and wait on till he make his word good to them ; such as do not tempt or take essay of God , as if they would see what believing may do , and then do quit their gripes if their expectation be not answered ; but do indeed trust God upon his word , and do resolve to die with the gripe in their hand , of his freely offered Covenant of grace in Christ , and of his promises made to them that flie to him for refuge , shall be sure to be in more respect with God , then common subjects . They shall be Domesticks of his house , of the houshold of faith , to whom God shall keep a table furnished for spiritual life unto them ; he shall make them now and then , when it is meet time for the hungry to feed abundantly and to be satisfied , They that put their trust under the shadow of thy wings , shall be abundantly satisfied with the fatness of thy house . 12. In the use of the means and holy ordinances of God given to his Church , God shall make the man , that indeed giveth him credit upon the word of his grace , sensibly feel the joy of the holy Spirit , to be unspeakable and full of glory , and that there are greater contentments to be found for a mans soul ▪ in God reconciled through Christ , then the world can yeeld beside ; for , Thou shalt make them drink of the rivers of thy pleasures ▪ 13. Whatsoever can be found in the creature , even when God blesseth the use thereof to his own children ▪ is but a drop from the Ocean , is but a little water out of the well , in comparison of what a believer will see and feel to be in God reconciled through Christ , For , with thee is the fountain of life . 14. No light ▪ save the light of Gods revealed word in holy Scriptures for the mirrour , no light but the light of Gods Spirit illuminating the soul looking upon the mirrour , can make a man understand , or believe , or sensibly discern the wisdome , comfort , and felicity , which is held forth to his Church in his ordinances , and felt in himself by experience : In thy light ( saith he ) shall we see light . Ver. 10. O continue thy loving kindnesse unto them that know thee , and thy righteousnesse to the upright in heart . 11 Let no● the foot of pride come against me and let not the hand of the wicked remove me . 12 There are the workers of iniquity faln : they are cast down , and shal not be able to rise . The last part of the Psalm , wherin he prayeth for all believers , himself being included , and then for himself in particular . Whence learn , 1. The true mark of a godly man standeth in the conjunction of faith in God with sincere study of obedience to him , for , He is the man that knoweth God , and is upright in heart . 2. Albeit what the believer hath found in God by experience , he may expect it shal be continued to him , both for his entertainment by God ▪ and defence and deliverance in his righteous cause from his enemies ; yet must he follow his confidence with prayer , O continue thy loving kindness unto them that know thee , and thy righteousness to the upright in heart . 3. As we have no right to any benefit , but in so far as we are of the number of upright-hearted believers , so should we seek every benefit we would have , as being of this number , and as seeking that others may be sharers with us , as David doth before . 1. It is the Lord only who can divert proud persecuters , that they hurt not his children , and it is the Lord only who can keep his children in the course of faith & obedience , when the wicked imploy their power against them : Therfore doth David pray , Let not the foot of pride come against me , and let not the hand of the wicked remove me . 5. The ruin of the enemies of the godly is as certain as if it were already past ; yea faith may look upon it through the prospect of the word of God , as if it were to be seen and pointed out to others to behold with their eyes , There are the workers of iniquity faln . 6. The fal of the wicked is not like the fal of the godly , for though the godly fal sundry times , yet they recover their feet again , but a fal is prepared for the wicked , after which they shal not recover themselves , They are cast down , and shal not be able to rise . PSAL. XXXVII This Psalm tendeth to guard the godly against the ordinary tentation unto envy , emulation , fretting , and discouragement in the way of godliness , arising from the temporal prosperity of the wicked , and that by eight directions or counsels from the Lord , each of them confirmed by reasons : most of which are comparisons of the blessed estate of the godly at the worst , with the estate of the wicked at their best . The first direction or counsel , ver . 1 , 2 the second , ver . 3 the third , ver . 4 the fourth , ver . 5 6 the fifth ver . 7 the sixth , ver . 8 9 10 11 12 , to ver 26. the seventh ; ver 27 to ver 33 The eighth direction , ver 34 to the end . Ver. 1 FRet not thy self because of evil doers ; neither be thou envious against the workers of iniquity 2 For they shal soon be cut down like the grass : and wither as the green herb ▪ THe first direction is to beware of fretting at , or envying of the prosperity of the wicked , because their prosperity is but temporal . Whence learn , 1. Wicked men may be in a more prosperous condition in the world , then the godly ; and oftentimes , yea and for the most part are ; for this is presupposed here as an ordinary tentation in all ages and places . 2. Albeit carnal reason and suggestions of Satan and corrupt nature , do from the prosperity of the wicked , and the ordinary troubles of the godly , furnish tentations unto the godly , to be male-contents with Gods dispensation , yet should the godly take heed that they be not overcome by , or yeild in any sort to this tentation , Fret not thy selfe because of evil doers . 3. As tentation to male-contentment maketh assaults on the one hand , to render the godly weary of wel doing , so tentation to emulation of the wickeds course , and following of their way , assaulteth on the other hand , but should no way get place , Neither be thou envious against the workers of iniquity . 4. If it were wel considered , that all the prosperity of the wicked is but in things concerning the outward mans back and belly , and that this prosperity is but temporal , and oft-times of shorter continuance then a mans own brittle life , there should be no ground of envy found therin ; for , They shall soon be cut down like grass , and wither like the green herb . Ver. 3. Trust in the Lord , and do good , so shalt th●u dwel in the land , and verily thou shalt be fed . From the second point of Gods counsel and direction ; Learn , 1. Holding fast the Covenant of Grace made with God , through Christ , and studying to bring out the fruits of faith , in obedience to Gods command , is a soveraign remedy against male-contentment with a mans own condition , and against envying of the wicked , Trust in the Lord , and do good . 2. Continuance in the faith , and obedience of God , whatsoever tentation we meet with , is the surest way to have Gods blessing in this life , and to have heaven , ( represented by Canaan ) after this life , Trust in the Lord , and do good , so shalt thou dwel in the Land. 3. The upright believer in God is the only man that gets the right use of the creature , and in whose cup the true juice of Gods benefits being pressed out is poured , whose bread is dipped in oil , and in whom spiritual life is constantly entertained , Verily thou , that art such a man , shalt be fed . Ver. 4. Delight thy self also in the Lord , and he shall give thee the desires of thine heart . From the third direction to ward off the tentation ; Learn , 1. The godly man hath warrant to make God the object of his delight , who being reconciled to the believer through the Mediator , is become the believers own , in whom he may continually rejoyce ; but the object of the ungodly prosperous mans delight , is but some creature or temporal trifle ; for to the believer it is said , Delight thy self in the Lord. 2. Though the believer be rich in his rights , yet he is slow to make use ▪ therof , and hath need to be stirred up to take possession , Delight thy self . 3. If the believer shal make use of his Covenant-right , and interest in God , and set his affections upon him , he shal find such solid contentment and satisfaction in God , as he shal not envy the condition of the most prosperous wicked man in the world ; for it is said , Delight thy self in the Lord , and hee wil give thee the desire of thy heart . And certainly the forgetting or not hearkning to this direction , is the cause of our being male-contented with our lot , and of our envying of the wicked . Ver. 5 Commit thy way unto the Lord : trust also in him , and he shal bring it to pass . 6. And he shal bring forth thy righteousness as the light , and thy judgment as the noon day . From the fourth direction ; Learn , 1. When we bear the burden of our own affairs our selves , and are chastised with anxiety and want of success , and with envying the ungodly who prosper better then we do ; the best remedy is first to do our duty , as we are inabled in the use of the means , then cast the care of the success over on God , as the plow-man doth when he hath harrowed his land , and let the burden of it rest on God , and let us not take it off him again , but put our mind to rest , resolved to take the harvest in good part , as he shal send it ; Commit thy way unto the Lord , trust also in him . 2. The man who followeth this direction , shal come to speed best in his affairs ; because God shal do that , wherwith the man shal have reason to be satisfied ; for that which he would have done , or what is better , shal be effected , Commit thy cause unto the Lord , and he shal bring it to pass . 3. It is possible that the godly following this counsel , may be misreported of , and both lose his labour and estimation among men , yet it shal not be long so ; for , God shal bring forth thy righteousness as the light . 4. Albeit the godly and his cause may be obscured by a shorter or longer winter-night of trouble , as shal please God to appoint , yet shal he and his cause and integrity be found absolved by God in due time , He shal bring forth thy judgment or decree of absolution as the noon day . Ver. 7. Rest on the LORD , and waite patiently for him : fret not thy self because of him who prospereth in his way , because of the man who bringeth wicked devices to pass . From the fifth direction ; Learn , 1. The victory over this tentation to envy the wicked , is not gotten at first , nor by carnal reason , but by faith in God , and patient waiting on him , Rest on the Lord , and wait patiently for him . 2. As the tentation unto fretting is very pressing , when we see the wicked get so much of their wil , so much of their purpose brought to pass : so we have need to be pressed again and again to resist this tentation ; Therfore is it said again , Fret not thy self because of him who prospereth in his way , or because of the man that bringeth wicked devices to passe . Ver. 8. Cease from anger , and forsake wrath ; fret not thy self in any wise to do evil . The sixth direction is to curb this tentation , in case it hath already defiled and fired a mans spirit , lest it break out , and make the believer put forth his hand to iniquity . Whence learn , 1. The insolency of the Wicked is such , and their provocation of the godly oft-times so great , that their spirits are much stirred and kindled with indignation , and thoughts of private revenge ; yet must not this passion prevail with the godly , but should be striven against : Cease from anger , and forsake wrath : vengeance is the Lords , he wil repay . 2. The godly should eschew the motions of fretting , anger or envy against the wicked ; and if anger enter , he must cease from it ; if it urge it self on him with pretences of reason or violent impulsion , he must forsake it ; but by any means he must keep this tentation within doors , that it drive him not to break forth to a compleated sin in action and doing of wrong , Fret no● thy self in any wise to do evil . Verse 9 For evil doers shall be cut off : but those that wait upon the LORD , they shal inherit the earth . The Prophet presseth this direction by sundry reasons ; and in special , by six comparisons of the Lords way and purpose about the wicked and the godly , how prosperous soever the wicked may be for a time , and howsoever the godly may be afflicted and exercised for a time . The first comparison is in this verse . Whence learn , 1. If any who pretend to be godly , shal by the foresaid tentation forsake the way of godliness , and follow the way of the wicked , they shal have the reward of the wicked for the changing of their way , For evil doers shall be cut off . 2. It is not the present condition whereinto men are , which is to be looked unto , but what shal become of them at length ; for all the prosperity of the wicked is blasted with this one sentence of the supream Judg , Evil doors shal be cut off . 3. Albeit the godly be kept in some hardships for a time , as young heirs in their minority ; yet shal their inheritance in heaven ( represented by the land of Canaan ) be reserved unto them ; and in the mean time by their heirship in Christ , they have solid right to what portion in this world God doth allow them , they have the use thereof with a good conscience , and remain on the earth as long as God hath service for them , however the wicked would thrust them out of the world as unworthy of it : and if they be banished out of one country , they know , the earth is the Lords , and the fulness of it , and they live more contentedly in that condition , then the wicked do live in their nest ; for , They that wait on the Lord shal inherit the earth . Ver. 10. For yet a little while , and the wicked shal not be : yea thou shalt diligently consider his place , and it shal not be . 11. But the meek shal inherit the earth , and shal delight themselves in the abundance of peace . From the second comparison of the wicked and the godly ; learn , 1. We must not pass sentence suddenly , to absolve their way who are prosperous , or to condemne their way who are crossed ; but we should wait upon Gods word , til God from heaven manifest his judgment about both , which shal not long be delayed in regard of the wicked ; for , Yet a little while , and the wicked shal not be , yea thou shalt diligently consider his place , and it shal not be . 2. Submission unto Gods dispensation allayeth all troubles , and enlargeth the good of every benefit ; and a good construction of Gods dealing with us , bringeth much peace and quietness of mind with it , and enricheth our portion , The meek shal inherit the earth , and shal delight themselves in the abundance of peace . Ver. 12. The wicked plotteth against the just , and gnasheth upon him with his teeth . 13. The Lord shal laugh at him ; for he seeth that his day is coming . 14. The wicked have drawn out the sword , and have bent their bow , to cast down the poor and needy , and to slay such as be of upright conversation . 15. Their sword shal enter into their own heart , and their bowes shal be broken . The third comparison of the wicked and godly looseth a doubt , when the godly cannot get living in their mean condition , in presence of the wicked , but their life is also in peril by their plotting , for effectuating the destruction of the godly . Whence learn , 1. The godly have to do , not only to wrestle against the thriving condition of the wicked , but also with their deadly hatred : The wicked plot against the righteous , and gnasheth upon him with his teeth . 2 The godly must make the Lord to be party against the wicked , and must oppose his justice , power and wisdome to the enmity of the wicked ; for albeit the godly be forced to mourn at their threa●ning , yet their plotting and pratling against the godly , as if they could do any thing of themselves ; is ridiculous , The Lord shall laugh at them . 3. If the godly did consider of the wicked , as the word of the Lord speaketh of them ; they might look upon their boasts , as on the brags of a man upon the scaffold , ready to be executed : For , God seeth his day is coming . 4. The godly must resolve to bear the open violence also of the wicked , and to be made as butts for their arrowes , and sheaths for their swords , which is more then their words : For , The wicked have drawne out their sword , and bent their bowe . 5. Before deliverance come unto the godly , they shal find themselves in a weak condition , for any thing they can do for themselves ; for here they are poor and needy ; and the wicked thinks to cast them down . 6. Those are the truly godly , and the objects of the wickeds malice , who for their inward condition depend on God in the sense of their poverty and neediness , and withall are of an upright conversation , as they are here described . 7. When the wicked are most near to do a mischief to the Lords people , then is a mischief most near unto them ; Their sword shal enter into their own heart , and their bow shal be broken . Ver. 16. A little that a righteous man hath , is better then the riches of many wicked . 17. For the arms of the wicked shal be broken : but the Lord upholdeth the righteous . The fourth comparison of the godly and wicked , looseth another doubt about the wealth and power of the wicked . Whence learn , 1. The oddes between mens living and means of livelyhood stands not in more or lesse abundance of worldly goods , but in Gods blessing , which because it accompanieth the provision of the godly , have they lesse or have they more ; therefore , A little that one righteous man hath , is better then the riches of many wicked . 2. The little somthing of the godlies provision is made to subsist for the poor mans standing , while the power and wealth of the wicked cometh to nothing ; For the arms of the wicked shal be broken : but the Lord upholdeth the righteous . Ver. 18. The LORD knoweth the dayes of the upright ; and their inheritance shal be for ever . 19. They shal not be ashamed in the evil time ; and in the dayes of famine they shal be satisfied . 20 But the wicked shal perish , and the enemies of the Lord shal be as the fat of Lambs : they shal consume into smoak , they shal consume away . From the fifth comparison of the godly and wicked ; Learne 1. The godly have two advantages above the wicked , one in this life , another in the life to come . For the first , all the vicissitudes of dangers and daily necessities of the godly are taken notice of in a special way by God , choosing and weighing to them exercises for their condition , moderating them in their measure and time , seasoning them with mixture of consolation , turning them to their best ; furnishing all necessaries to bear out their exercises , and sending particular deliverances one after another : For the Lord knowes the dayes of the upright . As for the next life , he hath reserved for them an inheritance of constant blessedness , never to be taken from them : Their inheritance shal be for ever . 2. Albeit the Lord wil not exempt the godly from sharing in common calamities with the wicked , yet shall they have the evidences of Gods favour to them in the time of trouble , and shall not be disappointed of the kindnesse promised by God , and expected by them : They shall not be ashamed in the evill time . 3. Whatsoever scant or inlack be of creature-comfort , the godly shall be supplied to their reasonable satisfaction : In the dayes of famine they shall be satisfied . 4. When the wicked are most liberally dealt with , it is but a feeding of them like beasts to the slaughter , all their glory shall vanish , and they themselves shall be destroyed in Gods wrath : But the wicked shall perish , the enemies of the Lord shall be as the fat of Lambs , they shall consume into smoake , they shall consume away . Verse 21. The wicked brroweth , and payeth not again : but the righteous sheweth mercy , and giveth . 22. But such as be blessed of him , shall inherite the earth , and they that be cursed of him , shall be cut off . From the sixth comparison , Learn , 1. In the middest of the wicked mans wealth , he is oft times wanting , as if he were a poor man ; if he have much wealth , he hath much to do with it , and many times is unable to defray his charges without borrowing ; and when he has borrowed , he is either unable or unwilling to pay again , and so is but a miserable wretch with all he hath ; or he is a profuse prodigall and deceiver of his creditors : The wicked borroweth , and payeth not again . 2. On the contrary , the righteous man by his godly behaviour , mannageth the little which God giveth him so well , as he needeth not to borrow ; he wanteth not for any good work which God calleth him unto , and is able to supply others necessities : The righteous sheweth mercy , and giveth . 3. The blessing of God on the godly , maketh the oddes betwixt them and the wicked , for it is to him as good as the inheritance of the whole earth ; but Gods curse rooteth the wicked man out of the earth ; for Such ( saith he ) as be blessed of him , shall inherit the earth ; and they that be cursed , shall be cut off . Ver. 23. The steps of a good man are ordered by the Lord : and he delighteth in his way . 24 Though he fall , he shall not be utterly cast dow ; for the Lord upholdeth him with his hand . 25 I have been young , and now am old ; yet have I not seen the righteous forsaken , nor his seed begging bread . 26 He is ever mercifull , and lendeth ; and his seed is blessed . He closeth the confirmation of the sixth direction with enumerating sundry priviledges of the godly , of some whereof , he made observation in his own time . Whence learn , 1. The priviledges of the godly are so great , as should content him , albeit his outward prosperity and wealth be not such as he conceiveth the wicked to have ; for God teacheth the godly how to behave himself in his particular actions , prudently and holily : The steps of a good man are ordered of the Lord , he approveth the course the godly man keepeth ; He delights in his way . Though the godly man through infirmity fall into a sinne , or by his sin draw on a calamity on himself , yet the Lord recovereth him again ; Though he fall , he shall not be utterly cast down ; and that he perish not when he falleth , the Lord shall preserve him by holding a grip of him ; The Lord upholdeth him with his hand . 2. Albeit the Lord will not exempt the godly from poverty , nor yet their seed ; albeit we presuppose the children be godly also , if he think it good to exercise them so ; yet the Lord hath made the examples of such misery so rare , as a man of good years could observe few or none of them beggers ; specially in the Prophets time , when God by external benefits , was training his people to the hope of spirituall things , as David here testifieth . 3. It is a gift of God to use whatsoever a man receiveth of God , so as others be helped thereby ; The godly is ever mercifull and lendeth . 4. The readiest way to bring a blessing to a mans house and posterity , is to be godly himself ; for , The godly mans seed is blessed . Ver. 27. Depart from evil , and do good ; and dwell for evermore . 28. For the Lord loveth judgement , and forsaketh not his Saints , they are preserved for ever : but the seed of the wicked shall be cut off . 29. The righteous shall inherit the land , and dwell therein for ever . From the seventh direction , and the reasons thereof teaching how to guard against fretting at , and envying of the prosperity of the wicked ; Learn , 1. To meet an injury with another injury , or to recompence evil for evil , or to forbear to do good where it is not deserved , is not the way to be blessed : But by the contrary the way of possessing setled felicity , is to depart from evil ; and to do good , so shall a man dwell for ever . 2. The love that the Lord beareth to righteousnesse , is the cause why it cannot but be well with the righteous : For , The Lord loveth judgement . 3. The Lord may well exercise his children with trouble , yet he will not with-draw himself from them in trouble , but will stay with them , and bear them company , and save them to the uttermost ; He forsaketh not his Saints , they are preserved for ever . 4. As wickednesse is the ready way to root out a man and his family from off the earth ; so is righteousnesse the way to establish a mans family , and to bring himself to a solid habitation with God for ever ; For , The seed of the wicked shall be cut off . The righteous shall inherit the land , and dwell therein for ever ; that is , in Heaven signified by that land . Ver. 30. The mouth of the righteous speaketh wisdome , and his tongue talketh of judgement . 31. The Law of his God is in his heart ; none of his steps shall slide . Because so much is spoken of the righteous man , he describeth him by three properties ; one in his words , another in his affections , a third in his deliberate actions , and course of his ways and life . Whence learn , 1. The righteous man studieth in his speeches to glorifie God , and edifie those he speaketh to , and in all things he is truths friend ; The mouth of the righteous speaketh wisdome , and his tongue talketh of judgement . 2. For his affections , he loveth that which is commanded of God , and hat●th that which is forbidden him , because God hath taken him in Covenant with himself to be his man ; The Law of God is in his heart . 3. For his course of life , whatsoever tentation he doth meet with , to divert him from the faith and obedience of God , he will not choose another way , then the Law of his God ; None of his steps shall slide . Ver. 32. The wicked watcheth the righteous , and seeketh to slay him . 33. The LORD will not leave him in his hand , nor condemne him when he is judged . For clearing of the seventh direction , he answereth an objection from the persecution which the righteous are subject unto from the wicked ; Whence learn , 1. Temporall blessings or benefits are not so promised to the godly , as that they shall be free from troubles , crosses and persecutions . For the Lord for his own glory , for edification of his Church , and for conviction of his enemies , and for perfecting his children in holinesse , useth to suffer the wicked to hunt and persecute them , even to death ; The wicked watcheth the righteous , and seeketh to slay him . 2. The wicked may apprehend the righteous mans person , lay false accusations to his charge , and bring him before Judges , and not get his will of him , to drive him from a righteous cause : For , The Lord will not leave him in his hand . 3. Albeit the righteous man by persecutions may be judged , and condemned to death unjustly , yet may he be more then a conquerour through God that loveth him , and careth for him ; For God will not condemne him when he is judged . And that may suffice him against whatsoever flesh can do to him . Ver. 34. Wait on the Lord , and keep his way , and he shall exalt thee to inherit the land ; when the wicked are cut off , thou shalt see it . 35. I have seen the wicked in great power : and spreading himself like a green bay-tree . 36 Yet he passed away , and lo , he was not ; yea , I sought him , but he could not be found . The eighth direction , is to wait on God , and to keep his way ; serving with the former direction , to guard the godly mans heart against all tentations of fretting , envy , anger and emulation , because of the wicked mans seeming more prosperous condition in the world then his own , and this direction is confirmed with five reasons . Whence learn , 1. He that believeth on God must not make haste , nor judge rashly of matters as they seem for the present , but must attend till God make his word good ; Wait on the Lord. 2. True patient hope and waiting on God , must be joyned with the study of obedience to Gods directions ; Wait on the Lord , and keep his way . 3. Though the godly be kept under for a while and humbled , yet God shall lift them up to a satisfactory estate : He shall exalt thee to inherit the land . This promise is the first reason to move us to wait on the Lord. 4. In every age some of the wicked shall be made spectacles of Gods threatened judgement , before the eyes of the godly , to give assurance of his judgement ; that he shall overthrow all the rest in due time , and avenge on them all the wrongs done by them unto the godly : When the wicked are cut-off , thou shalt see it . And this is the second argument to confirme the exhortation . 5. How the wicked have seemed very glorious in the world for a while , and shortly both they and their glory did vanish , every man in his own time should make their own remarkes and observations , as the Prophet sheweth here , that he had his observations in his time , vers . 35 , 36. And this is the third reason to confirme the direction taken from experience concerning the wicked . Ver. 37. Mark the perfect man , and behold the upright ; for the end of that man is peace . 38. But the transgressours shall be destroyed together : the end of the wicked shall be cut off . The fourth reason of the direction , is from the happy close of the course of the godly , and the certain perdition of the wicked ; Whence learn , 1. The Lord gives so many remarkable instances of the comfortable departure of the godly out of this life , as may give assurance of the dying of all the upright in Gods favour : Mark the upright man , for the end of that man is peace . 2. Whether men be witnesses or not of the departure of the wicked , one and all of them die in a desperate condition ; they are deprived of heaven and earth , and perish soul and body at the expiring of their breath : Transgressours shall be destroyed together ; the end of the wicked shall be cut off . Ver. 39. But the salvation of the righteous is of the LORD ; he is their strength in the time of trouble . 40. And the LORD shall help them and deliver them ; he shall deliver them from the wicked , and save them because they trust in him . The last reason to move men to wait on God , is from his care of the godlie . Whence learn , 1. How hard soever the condition of the godly be , the Lord hath ways of his own to preserve and save them ; yea the Lord is resolved , and hath passed his word that he will save them : The salvation of the righteous is of the Lord. 2. So long as God is pleased to let righteous mens trouble continue , he will now and then comfort them , and will enable them to their trouble , when comfort is suspended : He is their strength in time of trouble . 3. When the godly in their trouble feel their own wants and weaknesse , he will furnish what in them is lacking , till the delivery come ; The Lord shall help them , and deliver them . 4. Albeit many be the troubles of the godly , especially from their wicked persecuters ; yet by faith in God they shall keep their conscience clean : Their cause they maintain whole , and shall have their souls safe , do what their persecuters can ; He shall deliver them from the wicked , and save them because they trust in him . PSAL. XXXVIII . A Psalme of David , to bring in remembrance . In this Psalme David in trouble both of soul and body , as an example of the hardest exercises that Christs followers can fall into ; First , prayeth for the mitigation of his trouble , and removall of wrath , vers . 1. And secondly , layeth out this sense of the trouble which he felt immediately from God , vers . 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8. Thirdly , having put up his confused desires to God , for prayers , in the sense of his inability to expresse himself , vers . 9 , 10. He lays out his sense of the grief and troubles which he felt from men , and endured with great patience , vers . 11 , 12 , 13 , 14. Fourthly , he sets down the wrestling he had in prayer to God , because of his persecution by his adversaries , vers . 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20. And closeth the Psalme , not having gotten comfort for the time , vers . 21 , 22. FRom the Inscription ; learn , that exercises of conscience , the more heavy they have been , the more should they be remembered , and the passages thereof more carefully marked ; when the sense thereof is most fresh , lest they passe without the fruit which may be had of them after delivery : for thus much are we taught by the Inscription of this Psalme , wherein it is intituled : A Psalme of David , to bring to remembrance . Ver. 1. O LORD , rebuke me not in thy wrath : neither chasten me in thy hot displeasure : FRom his prayer for mitigation of trouble and removall of wrath ; learn , 1. It is consistent with Gods Fatherly love , and our Sonship , to taste of Fatherly wrath against our sinnes , as this place proveth . 2. Albeit it is not lawfull for us to follow our natural desires in prayer , or to seek to be free of chastisement ; yet may we seek mitigation of trouble , and tempering of our cup , so as we may digest it , and we may pray for the removall of Fatherly wrath also ; Rebuke me not in thy wrath , nor chasten me in thy hot displeasure . Ver. 2. For thine arrows stick fast in me : and thine hand presseth me sore . 3. There is no soundnesse in my flesh , because of thine anger : neither is there any rest in my bones , because of my sin . 4. For mine iniquities are gone over mine head ; as an heavy burden , they are too heavy for me . 5. My wounds stink and are corrupt , because of my foolishnesse . 6. I am troubled , I am bowed down greatly : I go mourning all the day long . 7. For my loins are filled with a loathsome disease : and there is no soundnesse in my flesh . 8 I am feeble and sore broken , I have roared by reason of the disquietnesse of my heart . He giveth the reason of his prayer from his pitiful case both in soul and body . Whence learn , 1. When it pleaseth the Lord to make his children sensible of their sinnes , and of his dreadfull justice ; he can make the tokens of his displeasure against sinne piercing sharp , and pressing heavy : Thy arrows stick fast in me , and thy hand presseth me sore . 2. Although the Lord should set us as a marke to shoot at , and lay the heaviest load of judgements on us for our sinnes ; yet we must not seek the ease thereof , nor can we have ease from them , save by coming to God himself , to bemoan our misery , as this example teacheth us . 3. As the sense of trouble on our body , or any way else will waken the conscience of sinne ; so the conscience of sinne , and feeling of wrath due for our sin , will make no small alteration on our very bodies : There is no soundnesse in my flesh , because of thine anger , nor rest in my bones because of my sinne . One sinne will waken the memory of moe sinnes , till they present themselves as an innumerable army ; My iniquities are gone over my head . 5. How light soever sin may seem when it is committed , it will be found insupportably heavy , when God pursues for it : As an heavy burden , they are too heavy for me . 6. When the Lord doth smite the conscience for sin , the rod will not fail to make a wound , which shall have need of the cure of the Physician , according to the bruise made by his hand , or deep peircing of his arrowes ; for after arrowes and pressing hand , he mentions wounds more then one . 7. When a wounded spirit is not timeously by a right cure bound up and healed , the wounds do grow the longer the worse ; the longer , the more guiltinesse , filthinesse and perplexity of spirit doth grow : My wounds do stink and are corrupt . 8. As through our inconsideration of our duty , and danger of sinning we fal actually in sin , and do draw upon our selves wrath : So by our inconsideration of the right remedie , we augment that measure of both : My wounds stink and are corrupt , because of my foolishnesse . 9. So long as the conscience of sin and sense of wrath kept on therby do last , the mans wit and his courage , and his countenance and his joy are smitten , both before God and men : I am troubled , I am bowed down greatly , I go mourning all the day long . 10. To add to the pace , and to make the sense of sin more bitter , the Lord can lay his hand on the body , and make the loathsomness of the sickness resemble the loathsomness of the sin which drew it on , and to speak unto the conscience in its own language , the cause why it is sent unto him : For my loines are filled with a loathsome disease ; and there is no soundness in my flesh . 11. A wounded spirit wil dash and beat down the stoutest heart it can meet with , I am feeble and sore broken . 12. If the Lord pursue a mans conscience for sin , and intimate his displeasure against him , and continue this exercise for any time ; it wil pass the mans power to hide or smother his grief , or hold in the expressions thereof : I have roared b● reason of the disquietness of my heart . Ver. 9. Lord , all my desire is before thee ; and my groaning is not hid from thee . 10. My heart panteth , my strength faileth me ; as for the light of mine eies , it also is gone from me . In the third place , that he may bring forth the trouble which he suffered from men , and his patience towards them , he presenteth his heart to God , as it was ful of confused desires , in stead of explicite prayers , being now unable to express himself more largely ▪ Whence learn , 1. As sin causeth wrath , and wrath sore 〈◊〉 and sorrow ; so these evils looked upon , should waken desires to have them removed , and send us to seek the true remedie 〈◊〉 in God , as here doth the Psalmist . 2. As desires and 〈◊〉 if they be presented to God , have their own speech , which we cannot express in time of our confusions ; so should we 〈◊〉 of them , not as of vanishing expressions of nature , but as prayers stirred up by God , and standing before him til they receive their answer ; Lord , all my desire is before thee . 3. It is not wrestling with trouble within our selves , nor venting our grief as natural men , which can give us ease , but pouring out one heart before the Lord which must do it : All my desire is before thee . 4. The strength of faith in the godly is not so great , as to swallow up all infirmities ; but so great as to wrestle with them , and confess them to God , who useth to supply his own with his strength & wise direction , when their own strength is evacuate , and the man is before God humbled : For here even Davids heart panteth and his strength faileth him , and the light of his eyes is gone from him ; not so much in regard of the bodies decay , as in his spiritual condition , expressed in bodily terms ; and thus much for the troubles , which he felt immediately from Gods hand . Ver. 11. My lovers and my friends stand aloof from my sore : and my kinsmen stand afar off . 12 They also that seek after my life , lay snares for me : and they that seek my hurt , speak mischievous things , and imagine deceits all the day long . 13 But I , as a deaf man , heard not ; and I was as a dumb man that openeth not his mouth . 14 Thus I was as a man that heareth not , and in whose mouth are no reproofs . From the troubles which he felt from men ; Learn , 1. A wounded spirit is a disease which the natural man hath no skil of , nor wil to meddle with ; but flieth from it , as from a plague or pest ; My lovers and my friends stand aloof from my sore . 2. In time of sad affliction and narrow trial of our faith , natural bonds between us and our kinsfolk , wil shrink and fail us , so as we shal have little comfort in the earth ; My kinsman stand afar off . 3. In time of sad exercises and hard trials , as friends may fail , so enemies may make head ; and by craft and cruelty , by slanders and cunning policy , open enmity and secret plotting may conspire against a mans fame , good cause and life , They also that seek after my life , lay snares for me ; and they that seek my hurt , speak mischievous things , and imagine deceits all the day long . 4. The more emptied , afflicted , disconsolate , forsaken of friends , pursued by foes a man be ; if he go to God for reconciliation and relief , he hath ground of hope to be helped , and to have God engaged to him so much the more ; for here David maketh this use of all his troubles , he layeth all out before God. 5. It is possible , yea and oft-times cometh to passe , that the godly have so many lies made of them , calumnies and slanders devised and vented against them by so many mouths , that they are not able to follow them , or to answer and refute them , but are forced to misken them , and in patience hold themselves quiet till God make matters clear for them : But I as a deafe man heard not , and as a dumb man opened not my mouth . 6. When the godly overloaden with multitude of calumnies , and the multitude of enemies backing them , do sit down in patient silence , nor seeing to what purpose they speak : They are taken readily as guilty , or as such who cannot refute the thing which is alledged of them , or maintain the truth which they profess , and this is an addition unto all the rest of their trouble ; As David importeth , saying : Thus was I as a man that heareth not , and in whose mouth are no reproofs . Ver. 15 For in thee , O Lord , do I hope : thou wilt hear , O Lord my God. 16 For I said , Hear me , lest otherwise they should rejoyce over me : when my foot slippeth , they magnifie themselves against me . 17. For I am ready to halt , and my sorrow is continually before me . 18 For I wil declare mine iniquity ; I wil be sorry for my sin . 19 But mine enemies are lively , and they are strong : and they that hate me wrongfully , are multiplied . 20 They also that render evil for good , are mine adversaries ; because I follow the thing that good is . In the fourth place he setteth down his wrestling against his persecuters , seeking to destroy both him and his righteous cause , Hence learne , 1. It is a sore and high degree of the trial of the godly , when at one time God pursueth for sin , and friends withdraw from them in the duties of humanity , and persecuters are likely to destroy their lives , and withal do suppress Religion in their person by this means ; and yet this hath been the case of many of Gods children , and may be also , as this example teacheth us ; yea , also our Lord Jesus , his condition was like this , when he suffered for our sins . 2. Sore trials cannot be born without holding fast the gripe of the Covenant of Grace ; for this fixeth faith , and strengthens hope , and furnisheth patience in greatest troubles ; for David rendereth this reason , for his bearing patiently his foresaid hard condition : In thee , O Lord , do I hope ; Thou wilt hear , O Lord , my God. 3. If the Covenant be holden fast , wherby we may warrantably cal God our God ; we may be as it were , surety to our self for a good answer from God ; Thou wilt hear me , O Lord my God. 4. When the enemies of the godly in their righteous cause , are ready to triumph over the godly and their cause , and the godly are like to be discouraged , if the Lord help not ; then the godly may be sure the Lord wil hear and help : For David giveth this for a reason of his perswasion , that God would hear him , ver . 15. because the enemies otherwayes would triumph , and he be made to halt , and turn off the way , vers . 16 , 17. for in this the Lords glory is interested . 5. When the outward prosperous condition of the godly is changed , and their feet slip , and the hand of the Lord lieth on sore without relaxation , even they of strong faith are ready to be discouraged and faint ; so weak are we in faith when a hard trial cometh : For , When the enemy magnified himself against David ; When his feet slipped , when his sorrow was continually before him ; He confesseth he was ready to halt ; To warn the godly , that they might guard against this tentation . 6 To keep our selves from fretting under trouble , it is expedient that we compare our sins with Gods fatherly chastisements of us , and that we take course for remission of our sin , and turn● the sorrow raised by affliction into godly sorrow for sin ; for this David resolved in his distress , I will declare mine iniquity , I wil be sorry for my sin . 7. The Lord so disposeth of the outward condition of the godly and the wicked in this life , that the godly oft-times have the mourning part , and the wicked the rejoycing part , and that so much the more as they see the head of the godly is born down : I wil be sorry for my sin , but mine enemies are lively and strong . 8. As it is a matter of grief to see the affliction of the godly growing , and the enemies growing in joy , and strength , and number ; so it is a matter of comfort , that the enemies of the godly are enemies without a just cause given to them : They that hate me wrongfully , are multiplied . 9. We must not leave off the doing of what God requireth at our hands , albeit we should have the hatred of the world ; for David followed that which was good , albeit his adversaries for that very cause did render to him evil for good . Ver. 21. Forsake me not , O Lord ; O my God , be not far from me . 22 Make haste to help me , O Lord my salvation . He closeth the Psalm with prayer , laying all his weight on the Covenant , not having gotten comfort for the time . Whence learn , 1. We must not limit the Lord to give us comfort and deliverance , when we think we have greatest need of it , but must leave our prayer at his feet , as the Prophet doth . 2. The believer must be so warie to lean unto sense , that he must hold the gripes of faith not only when he misseth sense of comfort , but also when Gods dispensation toward him , and his sense therof doth seem to speak most contrary to faith : Forsake me not , O Lord ; be not far from me : Make haste to help me , saith Davids Faith , when his sense speaketh what his prayer here importeth , that is , present perdition . 3. The bond of the Covenant of Grace is able to bear the weight of the believers most heavy burden , and by vertue of it , he may lay claim unto God , as his own God , and lay claim also unto salvation in him ; for notwithstanding of all the troubles and tentations laid forth in this Psalm , the Believer sustaineth all on this ground ; O my God , O Lord my salvation ; And here is the victory of Faith. PSAL. XXXIX . To the chief Musician , even to Jeduthun , A Psalm of David . Another such like hard exercise as in the former Psalme , wherein David acknowledgeth his infirmity in a passionate expression , when he was in trouble , ver . 1 , 2 , 3 , 4. Secondly he recovered and comforted himself , ver . 5 , 6 , 7. Thirdly , what was his prayer in this exercise , ver . 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13. Ver. 1. I Said , I wil take heed to my wayes , that I sinne not with my tongue ; I wil keep my mouth with a bridle ▪ while the wicked is before me . 2. I was dumb with silence , I held my peace , even from good , and my sorrow was stirred . 3 My heart was hot within me , while I was musing the fire burned ; then spake I with my tongue . 4 LORD , make me to know mine end , and the measure of my dayes , what it is : that I may know how frail I am . THe Prophet for fear of impatient expression in his trouble , resolved to keep silence in the audience of the wicked , but was not able to keep in his passionate wishing for death . Whence learn , 1. As it is the Lords wil that we should have the infirmities of the Saints registred unto us for our edification , as wel as their vertues : So it is his wil , that when the confession of our infirmity may profit others , we should not spare to let it be known , as this passage teacheth us . 2. Conscience of our weakness , and of the unruliness of our tongues , ready to break forth in the time of tentation , should make us take better heed to our selves , and to watch over our speeches : I said , I wil take heed to my wayes , that I sinne not with my tongue . 3. Because the wicked may take advantage of the godlies miscarrying in time of their trouble , it is needful to watch the more over our behaviour and words in their presence : I wil keep my mouth with a bridle , while they are before me . 4. When we are about to keep in our corruptions , and amend our own faults by our own way of it , by our wisdom , our strength , our resolutions , we do not eschew the evil we would eschew , and we also fal in a fault we were not aware of , as here in stead of praying to God to direct one part of his speech after another , that he might speak prudently in the audience of the wicked , he did not speak at all , he did not speak that which he might , and should have spoken : I was dumb with silence , I held my peace even from good . 5. When grief is not rightly vented but suppressed , it is not therby asswaged but encreased rather : I held my peace , and my sorrow was stirred . 6. The power of sinful nature , and inraged passions is such , that even when they are opposed by reason of strength of grace in us , they may easily over-power us , except God put to his hand to help us in the conflict ; My heart was hot within me : while I was musing the fire burned : then spake I with my tongue . 7. It is a natural evil in man when he is overcome by trouble in this life , to wish for death , looking to be in a better condition by the change ; As the sick man looketh for ease by changing of his bed , and here ver . 4. we have the example of it . 8. The shortness of this life is a mitigation of the troubles thereof unto the godly , and the fear that life should continue longer then the afflicted man would , augmenteth the trouble ; and this is the fountain of this passionate and curious wish : Lord make me to know mine end , and the measure of my dayes what it is : that I may know how frail I am . Ver. 5. Behold thou hast made my dayes as an hand-breadth , and mine age is as nothing before thee ; verily every man at his best state is altogether vanity . Selah . 6 Surely every man walketh in a vaine shew : surely they are disquieted in vain ; he heapeth up riches , and knoweth not who shal gather them . 7. And now , Lord , what wait I for ? my hope is in thee . In the second place , not being answered in this curious question , but secretly checked for his impatient wish , he contents himself with the known truth , That this present life is but short how long soever it shal last , and resolveth to wait on Gods time patiently . Whence learn , 1. For tempering our condition whatsoever it be , it should suffice us to know , that whether we be in prosperity or adversity , our time in this life is but short : Thou hast made my days as an hand-breadth , and mine age is as nothing before thee . 2. Not in prosperity , but in adversity , is the uncertainty , weakness , emptiness , and vanity of prosperity , and things temporal wel seen ; for in troubles sayes David , Verily every man at his best state is altogether vanity . 3. Whatsoever seemeth excellent in the eyes of natural men in this world is but the shadow of what it seemeth ; health , strength , prosperity , riches , pleasure , honour , dominion , power , authority are but the shadowes of things so named ; Every man walketh in a vain shew . 4. Too much care and anxiety about things of this life , is a sickness and folly , Surely , they are disquieted in vaine . 5. Experience putteth a deep stamp of the truth upon a mans mind , and causes him to set his subscription unto it without hesitation , Verily , surely , surely , is the seal of this truth here delivered after his experience . 6. The too much care which men take to gather riches , this toyling and travelling , this spending of body , of wit and time , this frowning on some , and fawning on others , this pleading and fighting with some , and flattering of others , with the rest of other shifts by which men use to gather riches , ( which they must leave behind them , and do not know to whom ) is a point of great folly and vanity in men ; He heapes up riches , and knoweth not who shal gather them . 7. The right use of the perceived vanity of all things under the Sun , is , that we should be sent by that consideration unto God to rest on him ; And now , Lord , what wait I for ? 8. That which God hath promised in the life to come , is only satisfactory and able to quiet a mans mind , and make him patiently wait on God in all his trouble ; What wait I for ? my hope is in thee . Ver. 8. Deliver me from all my transgressions ; make me not the reproach of the foolish . 9. I was dumbe , I opened not my mouth ; because thou didst it . 10. Remove thy stroke away from me , I am consumed by the blow of thine hand . 11 When thou with rebukes doest correct man for iniquity , thou makest his beauty to consume away like a mothe : surely , every man is vanity . Selah . 12. Heare my prayer , O LORD , and give eare unto my cry : hold not thy peace at my teares : for I am a stranger with thee , and a sojourner , as all my fathers were . 13. O spare me , that I may recover strength ; before I go hence , and be no more . In the third place , he prayeth to be freed from his sins ▪ and the sense of Gods wrath , using sundry reasons to help his faith . Whence learn , 1. Seeing sin doth plunge us in all perplexities , and bringeth trouble after trouble upon us ; the best cure of our trouble , is to seek pardon for our sins ; Deliver me from all my transgressions . 2. The ungodly are fools , let them seem to themselves and others what they please ; for all their way and work is to make themselves miserable ; therefore doth the Scripture call them foolish . 3. That the wicked get no advantage of us so as by troubling of us to drive us from the profession of righteousnesse , for which they do persecute us , should be the main care of every Believer under persecution : For this is Davids prayer , Make me not the reproach of the foolish . 4. It is usuall to us to see our duty after we have sinned , better then before ; for , after experience of his falling , he resolveth it is his duty not to speak an impatient word , but to be silent , and not open his mouth , to wit , impatiently . 5. The consideration of God for our party , with whom we have to do in trouble , should humble us , and make us quiet ; David saith , he should not have opened his mouth , Because thou Lord didst it . 6. Prayer for removing the tokens of Gods displeasure , especially after prayer for remission of sins , is not contrary to patience and silen● submission under Gods hand ; for he prayeth also , Remove away thy stroak from me . 7. When we feel the Lords hand heavy upon us , we may bemoan our selves to him with submission to his will , for he pitieth us , and will lay no more on us then we are able to bear , I am consumed by the blow of thy hand . 8. The stoutest and strongest courage will soon be brought down by trouble of conscience ; when God entreth in judgement with him , man falls down : When thou with rebukes dost correct man for iniquity , thou makest his beauty to consume away like a mothe : surely , every man is vanity . 9. When God seemeth to refuse to hear prayer , true faith will follow God with more fervent prayer , and crying , and tears , and not leave God without a good answer : Hear my prayer , O Lord ; give ear unto my cry , hold not thy peace at my tears . 10. The more our hearts be alienated from this world , and conversant with God by faith ; the more we misse our countrey , our parents , our kinsmen on earth , and have our conversation in heaven , the more we may be assured that God shall avow himself to be our God : I am a stranger and a sojourner with thee . 11. Entring our selves heirs unto the godly , who lived before us in their estrangements from the world , and seeking after heaven , intitleth us unto their comforts also ; I am a sojourner , as all my fathers . 12. It is an usuall tentation unto the godly in their trouble , that they shall never be relieved out of it in this life ; O spare me before I go hence . 13. The godly may pray for a little breathing before death with submission , that they may the more quietly render up their spitits to God : Spare me , that I may recover strength before I go hence and be no more . 14. If the Lord do not hearken to us when we would , let us leave our petition beside him till he answer it , as here the Prophet doth . PSAL. XL. To the chief Musician , A Psalm of David . David as a type of Christ in the whole Psalme , and as an example of the exercise of the godly , giveth thanks for the experience of Gods delivering of him out of a notable trouble , verse 1 , 2 , 3 , 4. In the second place , he is led on in his thanksgiving to praise God for the great work of Redemption by Christ the Son of God coming into the world , which is the fountain of all other mercies to the Saints , verse 5 , 6 , 7.8 . In the third place , David in type , and Christ in the accomplishment , giving accompt of his propheticall office , intercedeth and prayeth for the evidence of Gods favour to himself personally and mystically considered , vers . 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13. and for disappointment of his enemies , vers . 14 , 15. and for the comfort of all the godly beholding his exercise and his delivery which he confidently doth expect , vers . 16 , 17. Ver. 1. I Waited patiently for the LORD , and he inclined unto me , and heard my cry . 2. He brought me up also out of an horrible pit , out of the miry clay , and set my feet upon a rock , and established my goings . 3. And he hath put a new Song in my mouth , even praise unto our God : many shall see it , and fear , and shall trust in the Lord. 4. Blessed is the man that maketh the Lord his trust : and respecteth not the proud , nor such as turn aside to lies . In his thanksgiving , Learn , 1. As the Lord of set purpose delayeth to answer the prayer of his own , and suspendeth to help them out of trouble for a time , that he may try and train their faith to a better measure ; so the believer must resolve to wait on patiently , I waited patiently for the Lord. 2. Albeit waiting for the time is joyned with languour and grief , yet the remembrance of it is sweet , and it wants not a blessing following it , I waited , and he enclined to me , and heard my cry . 3. The godly may be brought in their trouble to as desperate like condition , as a man faln in a horrible deep and dark pit , sinking in miry clay , out of which there is no appearance of relief : in which case as the greatness of the danger commendeth the faith of him that calleth upon God , and waiteth for him ; So doth it commend Gods wisdome , power , goodness and faithfulness in delivering the patient waiter . To this end saith the Psalmist , He brought me out of an horrible pit , and out of the miry clay . 4. The man who dependeth on the Lord when he is delivered out of trouble , is not left to himself , but the Lords care attendeth him to guide him after his delivery ; He brought me out of the miry clay , and set my feet upon a rock , and established my goings . 5. As it is a part of our duty to glorifie God after every mercy , and in a speciall manner when the mercy is very notable : So it is a new gift of God to enable a man to give thanks , and praise for the mercy received ; therefore it is put for a point of thanksgiving , He hath put a new song in my mouth . 6. As the experience of Gods mercy to one who is in Covenant with God , is the encouragement of all believers : so should it be the common matter of praise unto God from them all , therefore doth he call the praises which he did sing , The praises of our God. 7. The right observation of Gods mercy to his children , especially when he will shew himself eminently , is able to strike a man with much awe and reverence of God , who is fearful , even in his praises ; Many shall hear and fear . 8. Then do we make right observation of Gods mercy to his children , when thereby we encourage our selves to look for the like mercy , when we call for it in our need ; Many shall hear and fear , and trust in the Lord. 9. As the preciousness of faith is not seen in the time of trial , so well as after the victory ; so the fruit of it when it is seen is no less then true blessedness : Blessed is the man who maketh the Lord his trust . 10. All true believers are humble towards God , and of a high spirit against whatsoever cometh in competition with him , and will despise every mans way who regardeth not him : So the mis-believer is proud toward God and his truth , but a base subject of his own spirit , and to lying vanities ; for the believer here is opposed to the proud , and to such as turn aside to lies . Ver. 5. Many , O Lord my God , are thy wonderful works , which thou hast done , and thy thoughts , which are to us-ward ; they cannot be reckoned up in order unto thee : if I would declare and speak of them , they are moe then can be numbred . In the second place he is led up to the consideration of Gods wonderful care and providence about men , and in special to the work of Redemption by Christs coming into the world . Whence learn , 1. One of the Lords wonderful works of providence wel meditated upon , may and should lead us to the consideration of many other his works of that kind , Many , O Lord my God , are thy wonderful works , which thou hast done . 2. The works of Gods providence about us should lead us up to the counsel of God , to behold his care of us , his minde and purpose to us-ward , who are brought into Covenant with him , for confirming of our faith in him ; Many , O Lord my God , are thy thoughts which are to us-ward . 3. Albeit the Lords deep thoughts and works of wonder about his own people , be unspeakable , unsearchable , and innumerable , yet must we not cease to look upon them , and speak of them in heap when we cannot attain to them in tale , They cannot be reckoned up in order to thee : If I should declare and speak of them , they are moe then can be numbred . Ver. 6. Sacrifice and offering thou didst not desire , mine ears hast thou opened ; burnt-offering and sin-offering hast thou not required . 7. Then said I , Lo , I come : in the volume of the book it is written of me . 8. I delight to do thy will , O my God : yea , thy Law is within my heart . He condescends upon a particular which did overcome his declaration and searching , to wit , the Covenant of Redemption between the Father and the Son coming into the world , some articles whereof he toucheth , as they are rehearsed by the Son speaking here by his Spirit . Whence learn , 1. The work of Redemption by Christ , the Covenant betwixt the Father and the Son about our Redemption , the incarnation of the Son of God , and the course of the salvation of the redeemed , is one of the most wonderful things that ever was heard tell of , wherein so many wonderful works of God , so many wonderful thoughts of God about us do concur , that they can neither be declared nor numbered , nor set in order : for this work here touched is set down for an instance of what was said in the former verse ; now that this is spoken by Christ , the Apostle , Heb 10.5 , 6. &c. doth shew unto us . 2. Albeit sacrifices & oblations were appointed to be offered before Christ came yet were they not acceptable in themselves , but in respect of the sacrifice of Christ signified by them ; not they , but Christ signified by them could take away sin , Sacrifices & offerings thou didst not desire , burnt-offerings and sin-offerings thou didst not require , to wit , for any worth in themselves , or by way of real satisfaction for sin . 3. The ceremonial law was not to remain , but to be taken away when Christ came to offer himself , who was foreshadowed by the sacrifices and Levitical ordinances ; for , Sacrifices and oblations thou didst not desire , but mine ears thou hast opened ▪ which presupposeth thou hast formed a body unto me , as the Apostle , Heb. 10.5 . doth shew ; and so the rejecting of the ceremonies , is at the incarnation , or at the forming of the body of Christ , and bringing the Son into the world . 4. The Son of God incarnate becomes voluntarily , a very capable , discreete , ready and obedient servant to the Father for us : Mine ears hast thou opened , to wit , for receiving of every command ; or mine ears hast thou boared , as the servants ears were boared under the Law , when he choosed to stay still with his master in service , Exod. 21.5 . 5. By offering of burnt-offering God was not satisfied for sin , but only by Christs coming and offering himself a sacrifice once for all , Burnt-offering and sin-offering hast thou not required ; Then said I , Lo , I come , saith Christ. 6. Both in the book of Gods eternal decrees , and in the book of holy Scripture , this way of taking away the sins of men was established , as the only way to effect it ; for that the seed of the woman by his suffering should bruse the head of the Serpent was foretold by God , Gen. 3.15 . and Christ was the Lamb slain in the representative sacrifices from the beginning of the world ; In the volume of thy book it is written of me . 7. Jesus Christ God incarnate is in Covenant with God the Father , that believers may be in Covenant with God by this means also , therefore doth he call him , O my God : as our Lord , Iob. 20.17 . saith I ascend to my Father and your Father , to my God and you● God. 8. All Christs sufferings and service done in our name for us , was most willingly and heartily undertaken and discharged by Christ , I delight to do thy will , that is , as the Apostle ▪ Heb. 10.10 . doth expound , it to perform whatever might sanctifie us throughout for ever . 4. The way of our redemption by Christs doing and suffering for us , is Gods own device , his very will and pleasure ; and the obedience of Christ unto the very death of the cro●● done in our name unto the Father , hath pleased the Father fully ▪ I delight to do thy will , O my God. 10. The Son of God incarnate was perfectly holy , so as he could answer to the law compleatly , and give accompt of it to the Father ; yea thy law is within my heart : That these words may be applied to David , and made use of by every believer in their own degree and measure , there is no question : but that they are principally and in the main intention to be applied to Christ speaking of himself , the matter it self doth evidence ; for who but he can ascribe to himself the accomplishing of what the typical sacrifices fore-shadowed ? who but ●e could satisfie for sin , which the sacrifices could not ? Again , the Apostle Paul Heb. 10.5 , 6 , &c. doth clear the matter so , as 〈◊〉 ground of doubting is left . In all the Psalm , le● David be as the shadow , but let Christ be the substance . Ver. 9. I have preached righteousnesse in the great Congregation : lo , I have not refrained my lips , O Lord thou knowest . 10. I have not hid thy righteousness within my heart ▪ I have declared thy faithfulness and thy salvation : I have not concealed thy loving kindness , and thy truth from the great Congregation . In the third place , as Christ hath given an accompt of the execution of his Priestly Office , in expiation of sin ; so here he giveth accompt of his Prophetical office , to make way for his intercession . Whence learn , 1. Christ did not only undertake to suffer for expiation of our sins , but also he undertook to apply to his people , by preaching , the fruits of his sufferings , for their righteousness and salvation , for justifying , sanctifying , and saving the redeemed ; I have preached righteousness in the great congregation . 2. The way appointed for application of the grace purchased to the redeemed , is preaching ; I have preached righteousness in the great Congregation , in the visible Church , and in all confluences of the redeemed where opportunity is offered . 3. As Christ did not conceal what might save souls , but did communicate it carefully ; so should they who are trusted by him to preach without fear sincerely , as they wil be able to answer God , proclaim it , I have not refrained my lips , O Lord , thou knowest . 4. The true way of justification of sinners by faith , is a Jewel so precious and necessary for poor souls , that it should not be concealed , I have not hid thy righteousness within my heart . 5. One Sermon on this subject is not sufficient , it is necessary to make this mystery plain , how by faith in Christ the man that flieth to him is justified from his sins , and saved according to the Covenant past between the suffering Mediatour and God the faithful promiser to justifie and save by his own way , I have declared thy faithfulness and thy salvation . 6. The way of righteousness and salvation purchased unto believers by Jesus Christ , is very solid and compleat ; for first , this way of forgiving sins unto us , because of the satisfaction made by Christ for us in his obedience unto the Father , even unto the death of the Cross , is of Gods own devising , and his free-gift ; therefore as it is called the righteousnes of God , Rom. 3.21 , 22. So here it is called Gods righteousness . O Lord , I have not hid thy righteousnes . And the salvation or eternal life annexed unto this imputed and gifted righteousness bestowed upon the embracer of it , is also of Gods devising , & his free-gift ; therefore it is also called his salvation , I have declared thy salvation . Next the certainty and ground of the believers assurance that this righteousness and salvation is made fast unto him , is the truth of God , and faithfulness of God , obliging himself to make good this way of justfication and salvation by the Covenant of redemption made between the Father and the Son our Mediatour , as in the promises of the Covenant of grace is set down in Scripture , which can no more disappoint the believer , then the truth and faithfulness of God can fail , I have declared thy faithfulness and thy salvation . And last of all , the fountain , spring and rise , and unchangeable ground of righteousness and salvation purchased by the redemption made by Jesus Christ , and applied to us by faith in him , is the meer good will and pleasure of God , the free grace , the free love and bounty of God , without any deserving of the redeemed ; I have not concealed thy loving kindness , and thy truth from the great Congregation ; This indeed is a solid ground . 7. The plain preaching , declaration , and manifestation of this Gospel with the grounds thereof , is able by the blessing of God to perswade a trembling soul to lay it self over upon Jesus Christ , and to rest upon the unchangeable truth and kindness of God offered to every poor humble sinner , without exception ; for the preaching of these things , not refraining of the lips , not hiding of this precious and saving truth , the declaration and not concealing of it , is given up here for the sufficiency of means , to apply the purchased righteousness and salvation by Christ to the redeemed ; and this execution of Christs Prophetical Office hath been faithfully performed by him , not only in his personal preaching in the days of his flesh , but also in his Ministers both before his incarnation and since , which also shall be continued from generation , to generation , to the end of the world , maugre all opposition ; for Christ shall be able to make no less perfect account of his other Offices then of the Kingly Office , when he shall give up the Kingdome to his Father . 8. What may concern David here as the type of Christ , or as one of the servants of Christ , we take it up in one word , which is this : The more faithful Preachers be to declare the Gospel to the salvation of souls , the more confidence and comfort shall the testimony of their conscience afford to them in the day of their trouble , when they come before God ; as the Prophet here by experience findeth . Ver. 11. Withhold not thou thy tender mercies from me , O LORD : let thy loving kindness , and thy truth continually preserve me . 12. For innumerable evils have compassed me about , mine iniquities have taken hold upon me ; so that I am not able to look up : they are more then the hairs of mine head , therfore my heart faileth me . 13. Be pleased O LORD , to deliver me : O LORD make haste to help me . Christ having given accompt of his performances , of what was undertaken , intercedeth for the promised mercies to his Mystical body and to himself , as standing in the room of the ransomed ; wherin David as the type of Christ , and as a member of Christs mystical body , hath his own place . Whence learn , 1. Because the price of Redemption is holden here as fully payed , and nothing is left unpayed by Christ ; therfore the application of the purchased mercy must be granted ; for Christ , here speaking , having declared his performance of his part of the Covenant , from ver . 6. to ver . 11. doth now require the performance of promised kindness and mercy to him and his mystical body , saying , Withhold not thy tender mercies from me , O Lord : let thy loving kindness , and thy truth continually preserve me ; and this is a standing petition of the Mediatour , in favour of his afflicted mystical body in all generations . 2. The unchangableness of Gods loving kindness , and truth of promises made in his Covenant , is a solid ground of assurance that the Lord wil not withhold his tender mercies from the afflicted believer ; for upon this ground do the parts of his petition run ; Withhold not thy tender mercies from me , and let kindness and truth continually preserve me . 3. Albeit the troubles which are inflicted , be drawn on by sin , and be the effects of just wrath for sin , yet are they also the object of tender mercies , when the afflicted do present both their troubles & their sins , which deserved them before Gods merciful eye ; for here a reason of hoping for tender mercy ▪ is brought from both trouble and sin lying on , for innumerable evils have compassed me about , and mine iniquities have taken hold on me . 4. By vertue of the intercession of Christ , every believer may take up the same supplication in Christs name , and present it in his own behalf unto God , in the time of trouble and necessity ; for as David might make this use of it , as one of the members of the mystical body : so may all the rest of believers also ; because Christ the Mediatour doth own all the sins of all his redeemed ones as his own , as made his by consent to have them imputed unto him , and hath born the punishment therof so much as may and doth satisfie justice for them . Therfore Christ in the behalf of his redeemed ones , and every believer in Christ for that respect may expect continual preservation by the loving kindness and truth of God laid in pawn for it by the Covenant , when they have recourse to God in the time when trouble and guiltiness doth both set on at once ; for the reason of the prayer is so conceived , as it may fit both the Mediatour interceding for his mystical body , and every wearied soul also who is fled to God through Christ by faith in him , that he may find his outgate and deliverance in , with , and for Christ , Let thy loving kindness and truth continually preserve me ; for innumerable evils have compassed me about , mine iniquities have taken hold on me . 6. Nothing can so empty a man , and lay him low , and fil him with confusion of face , as his sin pursuing him ; Mine iniquities have taken hold upon me , so that I am not able to look up . 7. When all that is a mans own , as natural strength , wit , or courage doth fail ; yet God doth not fail and faith doth not fail ; For here when it is come to this , my heart faileth me , Faith stands up , and in prayer pleadeth for mercy and kindness upon this very reason , because the heart doth fail . 8. As the strait is great , and the burden heavy , and the creature weak : so is the delivery and help neer at hand , Be pleased , O Lord , to deliver me : O Lord , make haste to help me . Ver. 14. Let them be ashamed and confounded together that seek after my soule to destroy it : let them be driven backward and put to shame , that wish me evil . 15 Let them be desolate for a reward of their shame that say unto me , Aha , aha ! From this part of his prayer , which is against his enemies : Learn , 1. As the Lord for the intercession of Christ , wil not fail to help his people in trouble ; so wil he not miss to disappoint , and bring mischief upon the enemies of his people , how many and how strong soever they be ; Let them be confounded together and ashamed that seek after my soul to destroy it . 2. Not only the open persecuters of the godly , but all their ill willers and unfriends , who could be content to see evil come upon Gods Church , shal be punished with the open adversaries ; They shall be driven backward and put to shame that wish them evil . 3. The mocking of the godly and putting them to shame , is the shame indeed of the mockers , and not of the godly , upon whom in their suffeings the Spirit of glory doth rest , and therfore shal the wicked scorners bear their own shame and their punishment ; Let them be desolate for a reward of their shame , that say unto me , Aha , aha ! Ver. 16. Let all those that seek thee rejoyce and be glad in thee : let such as love thy salvation , say continually , The LORD be magnified . 17. But I am poor and needy , yet the Lord thinketh upon me : thou art my help and my deliverer , make no tar●ying , O my God. From this prayer that the rest of the godly may have comfort by his delivery , which delivery he doth confidently expect ; Learn , 1. As every mercy to every believer giveth a proof of Gods readiness to shew the like mercy to all believers , when they stand in need ; so should every mercy shewn to any of the number , being known to the rest , be made the matter and occasion of magnifying the Lord , Let all those that seek thee rejoyce and be glad in thee . 2. The godly whose property it is to be partakers of the affliction of Christ with others , and to seek God , and to wait for the Lords way of delivery , and do love the safety of his people , shal have reason to rejoyce and praise God continually for new evidences of his mercy to his own ; Let all those that seek thee rejoyce and be glad in thee : let such as love thy salvation , say continually , The Lord be magnified . 3. It is an usual condition of the godly , before they be delivered out of any difficulties , to be made once sensible of their own weakness , emptiness , and necessities ; as here , I am poor and needy . 4. It is an ordinary exercise of the afflicted , to be despised of the world , and contemned ; and this also is a tentation to move them to mistake their own condition before God ; for so doth the Psalmist propound the matter before God ; But ( saith he ) I am poor and needy . 5. Whatsoever the world or sense and false suggestions do say of the afflicted , yet faith gives ground of assurance that our base and mean condition is so far from making us loathsome to God , that by the contrary the lower we are brought , the more we are in his heart and estimation ; Yet the Lord thinketh upon me ; and Gods respecting of us , may easily make up our loss of respect among men . 6. When the believer hath fastned his faith , he may expect shortly his relief , Thou art my help and my deliverer , saith he , and then make no tarrying , O my God. PSAL. XLI . To the chief Musician , A Psalm of David . David as a Type of Christ , and one of his afflicted followers , after prayer comforteth himself against the uncharitable judgment , which the wicked had of him in his affliction , ver . 1 , 2 , 3 , 4. In the second place , he complaineth of his enemies cursed disposition against him , and prayeth to be delivered out of his trouble , ver . 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 In the third place , he is answered comfortably , and praiseth God for it , ver . 11 , 12 , 13. Ver. 1. BLessed is he that considereth the poore : the Lord will deliver him in time of trouble . 2. The Lord wil preserve him , and keep him alive , and he shal be blessed upon the earth ; and thou wilt not deliver him unto the wil of his enemies . 3. The Lord will strengthen him upon the bed of languishing : thou wilt make all his bed in his sickness . 4. I said , Lord , be merciful unto me : heal my soul , for I have sinned against thee . THat he may comfort the godly in their afflictions , and correct the common judgment of the world concerning afflicted people , he giveth a reason for which it is safe to judg charitably of every man who humbleth himself before God in his affliction . Whence learn , 1. Albeit it be usual for the world to judg all them that are afflicted , to be plagued of God in wrath , yet it is a blessed course to study to frame our hearts to a wise and discreet judging of other mens estates , by looking to a mans behaviour in his trouble , and to judg charitably of the man who is contrite , and humbleth himself before God in his afflictions , Blessed is he that considereth the poor , or giveth comfort and instruction to the weak . 2. It is a blessed thing for a man afflicted and humbling himself before God to judg charitably of his own condition , as wel as of anothers condition in the like case ; for , Blessed is he that considereth the poor , is so set down as it is applicable to the patient in affliction judging of himself , no less then to the beholder of another in affliction : and for confirmation of this , he giveth six reasons of comforting the afflicted and humbled man , and confirming the charitable beholder and judger of him as a fellow-sufferer with him . 3. The afflicted and humble man shal be delivered out of his trouble , be what it may be , The Lord wil deliver him in time of trouble . This is the first reason of the comfort , and withal a reason of confirmation and encouragement of him that doth judg wisely of the afflicted . 4. The Lord hath a way of delivery , not only from trouble , that a man fal not in it , and not only of delivering from trouble , by removing of the trouble , but also a way of delivery , when the trouble is yet remaining ; to wit , by sustaining the man , comforting of him , saving of him from any harm by the trouble , giving him good by the trouble , quieting his mind by patient submission unto God under the trouble , &c. The Lord wil deliver him in time of trouble : and this is branched out in particulars in the verses following , as so many reasons of comfort , and charitable judging of his own condition and others . 5. Albeit the godly be brought very low , yet shal he not perish , The Lord will preserve him and keep him alive ; and this is the second reason of comfort ; albeit he faint , and have soul-swarses now and then , yet shal spiritual life be kept in him . 6. None of the godly mans afflictions shal hinder or take away his begun blessedness , even in this world ; He shal be blessed on the earth : and this is the third reason of comfort ; if it may be for Gods glory and the mans good , this temporal life shall be preserved , and evidences of Gods blessing shal be seen upon him . 7. No persecuter shal drive the godly man from his point , and make him forsake God , or the way of godliness ; if he slip in a step , God shal raise him up again ; Thou wilt not deliver him to the wil of his enemies : and this is the fourth reason of his comfort . 8. The Lord wil strengthen the godly to bear whatsoever trouble he putteth on him ; The Lord wil strengthen him on the bed of languishing : and this is the fifth reason of his comfort . 9. The Lord shal mitigate and moderate all the afflictions of the godly , and ease him under his trouble , as tenderly as when a sick persons bed is made the best way that can be for his ease ; Thou shalt make all his bed in his sickness : and this is the sixth reason of his comfort . 10. The man who may look for all these consolations , and may be judged of charitably , whether it be himself or another , is the man who in the sense of his sins humbleth himself before the Lord , especially when he is afflicted , and flieth to Gods mercy : first , to have sins pardoned ; and next , to have his trouble removed , as God seeth it fit for his salvation . This is pointed out in Davids behaviour under his trouble , of set purpose that he may give the character of the Lords poor man , to whom the foresaid comforts do belong , and of whose estate a good construction is to be made ; I said , Lord , be merciful to me , heal my soul , for I have sinned against thee . Ver. 5. Mine enemies speake evil of me : When shal he die , and his name perish ? 6. And if he come to see me , he speaketh vanity : his heart gathereth iniquity to it self , when hee goeth abroad , he telleth it . 7. All that hate me whisper together against me : gainst me do they devise my hurt . 8. An evil disease , say they , cleaveth fast unto him : and now that hee lieth , he shal rise up no more . 9. Yea , mine own familiar friend in whom I trusted , which did eat of my bread , hath lift up his heel against me . 10. But thou , O LORD , be merciful unto me , and ●aise me up that I may requite them . From his complaint against his enemies , set down in the second place ; Learn , 1. Evil speeches against the godly wil be taken notice of by God , and made a part of the wickeds ditty , Mine enemies speak evil of me . 2. The malice of the enemies of godliness is such against the godly , as nothing but their utter overthrow and root●ng out from the earth of such a sort of people can satisfie them , When shal he die , and his name perish ? say they , 3. The godly have to do not only with open enemies , but with secret false dissemblers also , who wil profess friendship with fair words , when they are following the way of malice , from whose falshood there is no refuge more then from the force of the open enemy , save to fly ▪ to God , the Judg of all oppressed people : If he come to see me , he speaketh vanity ; many fair words , but none of them true . 4. The end of the wicked mans pretended kindness to the godly , and of his insinuating of himself in their fellowship is , that he may make observation of somthing in their behaviour , or condition or speeches , wherof he may make advantage against them ▪ If he cometh to see me , his heart gathereth iniquity to it self ; when he goeth abroad he telleth it . 5. Albeit the wicked can do no more against the godly then God wil permit to be done for the godly mans exercise and good , yet many are the consultations which the wicked have , that they may hurt and destroy the godly , All that hate me whisper together against me , against me do they devise my hurt . 6. When the godly fal in straits , the wicked judg that the godly shal never get out of their trouble , and in this hope do refresh themselves , An evil disease cleaveth fast unto him , and now that he lieth , he shal rise no more . 7. The lot appointed to Christ , and to all the true members of his mystical body as wel as to David , is to find in the time of their trials a hard meeting in the world from the wicked , how many bonds soever of nature , friendship , familiarity , or obligations of the wicked unto the godly intervene , which otherwayes might require better offices ; Yea , mine own familiar friend in whom I trusted , which did eat of my bread , hath lift up his heel against me . 8. We must not dwel upon our miseries in time of trouble , as if we had nothing to do , save to weep and mourn , but we should turn our selves to God , and pray to him for mercy , and expect a delivery , as the Psalmist doth here , But thou , O Lord , be merciful to me , and raise me up . 9. Albeit it be not fit for every believer , to resolve requiting of their persecuters and enemies , as it was sit to David as a Magistrate , and to Christ who is King of Kings , here represented by him ; to resolve vengeance , and to execute the same also against their enemies ; yet every believer may be assured of this , that what injuries are done to Christ in their person , Christ shal requite their persecuters ; for he in his mystical members shal never be so born down , but he shal be raised up again ( as he was raised up personally after his personal suffering ) Raise me up , that I may requite them . Ver. 11 By this I know that thou favourest me because mine enemy doth not triumph over me . 12. And as for me , thou upholdest me in mime integrity : and settest me before thy face for ever . 13. Blessed be the LORD God of Israel from everlasting and to everlasting , Amen and Amen . In the last part of the Psalm in his thanksgiving , presupposing that the Psalm was drawn up after the delivery from the trouble which is set forth in the former part . Whence learne , 1. Albeit external deliveries from enemies , and success eternal do not alwaies serve for marks of Gods favour ( for an ill man in an ill cause may have success for a time ) yet when the man is reconciled to God , and the cause which the reconciled man defendeth against his persecuters , is the Lords cause ; in this case if God shal give to his servant either spiritual victory , that the enemy do not so prevail over him , as to drive him from his righteous cause ; or external victory , and deliverance also from the power of the adversary , together with the spiritual victory ; in this case ( I say ) the word of God , and the work of God concurring , do give evidence not only of Gods favouring the mans person , but also of his favouring the mans cause and carriage in the cause , so as he may say , By this I know that thou favorest me , because mine enemie doth not triumph over me . 2. Uprightness is a special means to bring a man through difficulties , and whatsoever infirmities the believer be subject unto , he shal not want comfort , if he keep the conscience of integrity , uprightness , and sincerity ; for this is the Psalmists rejoycing , when he looks back upon his former exercise under trouble , As for me , thou upholdest me in my integrity . 3. The wise wrastler with tentations , is made at length to see and acknowledge by the experience he hath of himself and of Gods help in time of tentation , that all the glory of his standing and bearing out in trouble for righteousness , doth belong to the Lord , Thou upholdest me in mine integritie . 4. Experience of Gods gracious bearing out of a believer in time of trial , serveth for a good argument to make him confident of the continuance of Gods favour to him for ever ; yea after experiences and victory , God useth to give some measure of perswasion of his everlasting love toward them that have overcome ; as here , Thou settest me before thy face for ever . 5. He that gets a sight of Gods love to him , may knit Gods felt favour in effect with Gods everlasting love decreeing to shew favour , and his everlasting love communicating it self to him , and performing the decrees of love touching him , and may behold the course of everlasting blessings running from eternity before the world , to everlasting after the world ; and the believer having seen it , should acknowledge this with praise and thanksgiving ; as here , Blessed be the Lord God of Israel from everlasting to everlasting . 6. He that seeth the course of Gods love to himself , seeth Gods love in conjunction with the rest of the Lords people also , who are joyned in the same Covenant with him unto God in Christ. Blessed be the Lord God of Israel , says the Psalmist , now when he will bless God for his own particular mercy . 7. Fresh experiences of Gods love in a particular trial , especially when the soul is lifted up to the eternal original , and everlasting endurance of it , will make a soul heartily with all his strength give everlasting praise to God , and seal it affectionately again and again , Blessed be the Lord God of Israel from everlasting to everlasting , Amen , and Amen . PSAL. XLII . To the chief Musician , Maschil , for the sons of Korah . In this Psalm David sheweth what was his longing after the fellowship of the Saints in their publick worship and service of God , in the time of his banishment , by the persecution of Saul , ver . 1 , 2 , 3 , 4. and how he wrastled with discouragements , by checking himself for it , and by praying to God , whereby he was erected unto hope and confidence to be answered , ver . 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11. Vers. 1. AS the Hart panteth after the water-brooks : so panteth my soul after thee , O God. 2. My soul thirsteth for God , for the living God : when shall I come and appear before God ? 3. My tears have been my meat day and night : while they continually say unto me , Where is thy God ? 4. When I remember these things , I pour out my soul in me ; for I had gone with the multitude , I went with them to the house of God , with the voyce of joy and praise , with a multitude that kept holy day . HE setteth down his sad condition in his banishment , especially when he remembred the solemn assembly of Gods people at the Temple , and saw himself either in the wilderness , or among the heathen , deprived of the use of publick ordinances . Whence learn , 1. It is not a bare formal use of the ordinances , but communion with God himself , which the lively believer doth seek after in the use of the publick ordinances , My soul painteth after thee , O God. 2. Spiritual affections when they are raised , and by delay , or by outward restraint are kept off from satisfaction , are comparable in measure or in the point of sincerity to the kindly appetite of natural food , As the heart panteth after the water-brooks , so panteth my soul after thee , O God. 4. Worshippers of the true God do find , and more and more may find lively refreshments to their souls in him , the experience whereof doth kindle their desire of the renewing thereof by such means , as they have found refreshments by before , My soul thirsteth for God , for the living God. 5. Because the assemblies of the Church , for the exercise of Religion , are the trysting places , where God useth to shew himself to his people ; therefore lovers of God are hearty lovers of the publick ordinances , and most desirous to frequent them for that cause ; When shall I come and appear before God ? 6. It is not enough for the wicked to see the godly in affliction , except they impute the misery of the godly unto their Religion , and insult over them , either as Atheists , or as false worshippers , or as hypocritical people forsaken of God ; They say continually unto me , Where is thy God ? 7. To find Satan and wicked men , and Gods sad dispensations seeming to speak rejection from God , & to see the glory of the true Religion , and a mans own interest in God called in question , and thrust through with fiery darts of insulting enemies , is a matter indeed of great grief , and able to render all the comforts of the earthly creatures tastless to a godly soul , My tears have been my meat day and night , while they say unto me , Where is thy God ? 8. As they who have had most plenty of the means of grace , may have scarcity of them ere all be done ; so no one will take the inlack of them more heavily , then they who have reaped most spiritual benefit by them ; When I remember these things , I pour out my soul in me . 9. The Saints should be so far from separation from the fellowship of the visible Church in the publick exercise of holy ordinances , albeit they know certainly that all are not sound professors who are to joyn with them , that it should be their joy to have multitudes partaking in the use , ( at least of some ) of the publick means , and such as were not publickly scandalous joyning in all the ordinances , whereby God might be openly honoured , and his elect among them might in Gods own time be converted ; for David went with the multitude , and that to the house of God , with the voice of joy and praise , and with a multitude that kept holy day . And this was at the time when King Saul and his Courtiers were joyned in the publick ordinances with him , and with Ionathan , and other such godly persons : Now what the constitution of the Church visible was in Sauls days , in regard of the hypocrisie of professors known to David , sundry of Davids Psalmes do make evident , and yet for all that he wisheth to have the like occasion of worshipping God again , and doth account highly of what he sometimes did enjoy . Ver. 5. Why art thou cast down , O my soul ; and why art thou disquieted in me ? hope thou in God , for I shall yet praise him for the help of his countenance . In the second part of the Psalme , he wrestleth with discouragements , and the conflicts are four . In the first he laboureth to comfort himself three wayes ; first by checking himself for his dejection of spirit , and for disquietness ; next , by stirring up the grace of God in himself , namely faith and hope ; thirdly by application of the word of promise made unto him for strengthening of both to bear him o●t , till the Lord should manifest his promised kindness . Whence learn , 2. When sore troubles in stead of humbling a man , do press him down unto dejection and discouragement of minde ; it is a gracious mans part to check himself for this reasonless fit of unbelief ▪ and to put his conscience to answer for yeilding so far to the tentation ; Why art thou cast down , O my soul ? 2. Mis-belief in a child of God is followed with restlesness of spirit , as a chastisement drawn on by that sin , for which disquieting of himself the man may justly be challenged also , and will not be able to give a reason for it , Why art thou disquieted within me ? 3. The only means of remedying discouragements and unquietness of minde , is to set faith on work to go to God , and take hold on him , and to cast anchor within the vail , hoping for and expecting relief from him , Hope thou in God. 4. The believer in the midst of trouble , may promise to himself new experience of Gods kindness and consolation by delivery out of it , and to God he may promise praises : I shall yet praise him for the help of his countenance . Ver. 6. O my God , my soul is cast down within me : therefore will I remember thee from the land of Iordan , and of the Hermonites , from the hill Missar . In the second conflict he turneth him to God , and layeth the case of his discouraged heart before him , labouring to make use of old experience . Whence learn , 1. Albeit a dejected and disconsolate soul may and should deal with it self rationally , to recover it self , yet can it not do it effectually ; but as a man sick and weak and faln from his bed calleth for help , so must it call to God and lay out its case before him , that he may recover it : O my God , my soul is cast down within me . 2. Albeit the power of making the means effectual , be not in us , but in the Lords hands , yet must we not cease to use the means rationally still , whereby the Lord useth to convey his efficacious power , and to call to minde experiences , as a good means for recovering of our selves ; My soul is cast down , O God , therefore will I remember thee from the Land of Iordan . That is , I will aime at comforting my self , by remembring what I have found by experience in several places of Iudea of thy goodness to me : and I will look to the holy land , and to the Temple , the place where thy gracious presence is offered , and where thy honour dwelleth . Ver. 7. Deep calleth unto deep , at the noise of thy water-spouts : all thy waves and thy billows are gone over me . In the third conflict , wherein the very remembrance of by-gone experience , which even now was made use of to comfort him , doth kindle a fresh again his grief . Learn , 1. Though the using of the right and appointed means to comfort us , should seem to us to have a contrary effect to what we intended , and to encrease our grief by our using them , yet still must we wrastle on , using still one means after another , mixing prayer with all other means , as David doth here , saying , Deep calleth to deep , at the noise of thy water-spouts . 2. As the noise of rain from the clouds raiseth a noise of the inferiour waters and floods ; as the raising of brooks doth raise the rivers , and all do shut themselves into a sea ; and as the waves of the sea do call one upon another to follow the former at the back : so one grief doth waken another , one tentation doth strengthen another , one affliction augmenteth another , till a sea of troubles raised by a storm be like to overwhelm the man , All thy waves and thy billows are gone over me . Verse 8. Yet the LORD will command his loving kindness in the day time , and in the night his song shall be with me , and my prayer unto the God of my life . 9. I will say unto God , My rock , why hast thou fore gotten me ? why go I mourning , because of the oppression of the enemy ? To oppose this new assult , faith puts forth it self the third time , promising to the wrastler what God hath promised to the believer ; whereupon he resolveth to plead his cause more hardly , and ply God yet again with prayer more earnestly , that he may prevaile : Whence learn , 1. Faith seeth in Gods Word and in by-gone evidence of his truth manifested in his word , as it were a written order and commission ready to be given forth in acts of providence for satisfying the believer with so much fresh experience , as may fill him day and night with sense of Gods love and songs of praise , Yet the Lord will command his loving kindness in the day-time , and in the night his song shall be with me . 2. The care of our life bodily , spiritual , and everlasting , lieth upon God , by vertue of his Covenant with us to keep it , to feed it and renew it in all the decays thereof , till it be possessed of unchangeable blessedness , the belief whereof is a ground of perseverance in prayer , My prayer shall be unto the God of my life . 3. Faith may improve its right before God , and plead that the believer be not rejected , and may regrate any appearance ( which is offered to sense ) of rejection , I will say unto God , Why hast thou forgotten me ? 4. The believer in his complaints must not weaken his own faith , but weaken his unbelief rather , and to this end should fasten his faith ere he complain , I will say unto God , My rock , there faith is fastened , then followeth the complaint , why hast thou forgotten me ? why go I mourning because of the oppression of the enemy ? Ver. 10. As with a sword in my bones , mine enemies reproach me : while they say daily unto me , Where is thy God ? 11. Why art thou cast down , O my soul ? and w●y art thou disquieted within me ? hope thou in God ; for I shall yet praise him , who is the help of my countenance , and my God ▪ In the fourth conflict which he hath chiefly with the mockers of his Religion , and of his cause , and of his trust in God ; Learn , 1. The sharpest part of a believers trial and affliction is , when in his person Religion and Gods glory is mocked ; this cruel sort of persecution pierceth deepest in his heart , because it tends to drive the man to desperation , and to make Religion and faith in God out of request , As with a sword in my bones , mine enemies reproach me . 2. Continuance of the reproach of godliness , and of the insolency of mockers scorning Religion in the afflicted mans face , in the time when it seemeth that his affliction speaketh desperation of relief , doth greatly encrease the power of the tentation , and the godly mans grief : A sword in my bones , while they say daily unto me , Where is thy God ? 3. As the battel against discouragements and unbelief useth to be oftner renewed even after the believer hath gotten the victory once and again , and as the wrastlers weakness useth oftner to be made evident : so the same means and weapons must be oftner used , and we must not be weary to fight on ; for , Why art thou cast down , O my soul , is now repeated as before ; the mis-beleif and disquietness drawn on by mis-belief , must be yet again rebuked , Why art thou disquieted within me ? Faith and hope must be set on work against all the disappearances of help , Hope thou in God ; we must ( as it were ) be surety to our selves for Gods promises made to us , that they shall be performed ; I shall yet praise him . 4. As when the Lord doth withdraw both the outward tokens of his favour , and also his inward consolation for a time , the countenance of the godly cannot chuse but be heavy , cast down , and look sad like a man that is sick ; so when God returneth to comfort , and to owne his own either both inwardly and outwardly , or inwardly only ; the mans face looketh cheerful , He is the health of my countenance . 5. Although the Lord for a time shall nether remove the outward affliction , nor yet inwardly give comfort , yet faith will sustain it self upon the Covenant , and lay its whole weight upon it , and may do it confidently ; for it will not sink under the man , nor under his burden , He is my God. PSAL. XLIII . This Psalme tendeth to the same purpose with the former ; for David in exile complaineth of his persecuters , and prayeth for delivery , and regrateth his sad condition , ver . 1.2 . prayeth for restitution unto the liberty of the publick ordinances , promising to praise God at his returning cheerfully , ver . 3 , 4. and warstleth with his discouragements as he did in the former Psalme , ver . 5. Vers. 1. JVdge me , O God , and plead my cause against an ungodly nation : O deliver me from the deceitful and unjust man. 2. For thou art the God of my strength , why doest thou cast me off ? why go I mourning , because of the oppression of the enemy ? FRom his complaint and prayer against his enemies ; Learn , 1. As the godly have usually enemies powerful , many , crafty and cruel , oppressing them for righteousnesse ; so want they not a Judge impartial , who is sufficient to take order with their adversaries , to whom they may & should address themselves in their affliction , as David doth here ; Iudge me , O Lord , and plead my cause against an ungodly Nation . 2. The craftinesse and falshood , and fair pretences , whereby the enemies do palliate their cruel purposes , are more dangerous then their professed cruelty ; from which no wisdome , except divine direction , can save a man ; O deliver me from the deceitful and unjust man. 3. What the oppressed Church , or particular Believer wanteth , that God hath , and is to be forth-coming for the Believers use and benefit , ( as his need shall be ) to uphold him by it , and comfort him , and deliver him , and blesse him : For , Thou art the God of my strength . 4. Although the Lord be all in all to us by Covenant ; yet for our good and his own glory he may so exercise us , as we may want possession for a time of what we have in promise ; yea , and seem also to be thrust out of our right ; in which case if we shall once fixe our faith , we shall have liberty to dispute our right against all tentations , and to expresse the sense of our condition unto God without being mistaken , as here David doth , saying ( not before , but after the fixing of his faith : ) Why dost thou cast me off ? Why go I mourning for the oppression of the enemy ? Vers. 3. O send out thy light and thy truth ; let them lead me , let them bring me unto thy holy hill , and to thy Tabernacles . 4. Then will I go unto the Altar of God , unto God my exceeding joy : yea , upon the harp will I praise thee , O God , my God. From his prayer and promise of thanksgiving ; Learn , 1. No tentation unto discouragement , nor seeming desertion should divert the Beleever from pursuing his desire of relief , but rather kindle his affection in prayer : O send out thy light . 2. Comfort , deliverances from troubles , and performance of promises , when they most disappear , are kept in store for us , and fast locked up , to be let forth in due time unto us : O send out thy light , and thy truth . 3. Direction how to carry our selves till we obtain our desires , and observation of the steps of Gods providence ; bringing us to the possession of promised mercies , are necessary preparations for the mercie which we seek , and should be prayed for as mercies in order preceding that particular which we should have : Let them lead me ; let them bring me unto thy holy hil . 4. Spiritual grief must have spiritual comfort ; godly sorrow for distance from God and want of the comfortable use his of ordinances , admitteth no comfort , save a comfort of that kind ; for David longeth more to have the free use of the publick ordinances , then to have the Kingdome ; Therefore saith he , let them bring me to thy holy hill , and to thy Tabernacles . 5. The first thing a soul is to look unto in his address to God , is the means of expiation of his sin , and that is Christ ( represented by the Altar ) offering himself a ransome for the sinner , and sanctifying the person of the offerer , and the worship and service of the man that comes to God through him ; Then wil I go to the Altar of God. 6. This way of making address to God by Christ , giveth present access to God , and peace to the soul of him who draweth near this way : Thus I wil go to God. 7. God laid hold upon through Christ , furnisheth not only peace , but unspeakable joy also to the believer ; yea , God reconciled through Christ , is the life of the believers gladness , I wil go to God , my exceeding joy . 8. As is the longing of the soul after God , when it is at a distance from him : so is the consolation and satisfaction which it findeth after renewed access ; and as the supplicant is earnest for renewed sense of fellowship : so doth he purpose that the praises of God shal be hearty at the receiving of that which he longed for , and also that his faith shal be stronger by the fastning of the bond of the Covenant between him and God more strongly : I wil praise thee with the harpe , O my God. Ver. 5. Why art thou cast downe , O my soule ? and why art thou disquieted within me ? hope in God ; for I shal yet praise him , who is the health of my countenance and my God. He closeth this Psalm as the former , setting faith and hope on work to wrastle with discouragement . Whence learn , 1. The strongest Believer may be overtaken with fits of dejection and discouragement ; for this Champion findeth his soul cast down . 2. A praying soul believing in God through Christ , hath no reason of dejection and discouragement , whatsoever reason of humiliation he may have : Why art thou cast down , O my soule ? 3. It is a sanctifying means for wrastling out of discouragement , to dispute mis-belief to the door , or to dispute our selves out of the dumps by reason taken from the Lords word ; and it is wisdome to get the conscience to be our friend , when the mind and the heart are in a wrong temper in this case ; it is necessary to take Gods part against mis-belief , and unwarrantable unquietnesse , and to dispute both his cause and our own against tentations : Why art thou disquieted within me ? 4. No rest to a troubled and unquiet spirit , but by casting anchor on the Rock , and hoping in God ; Hope thou in God. 5. Hope cannot raise it self in trouble , but by the gripe of a promise ; Hope in God , for I shal yet praise him . 6. Though faith be in darkness , yet wil it see afar off ; so soon as it puts the prospect of the Covenant of Grace to its eye , it discerneth the proper remedy of present evils to be in God , and the good it would be at , coming along unto it , and is as sure of it , as if it were in possession : He is the health of my countenance , and my God. PSAL. XLIV . To the chief Musician , for the sons of Korah . The Church under heavy persecution : First , strengtheneth her faith in God before she enter upon her lamentation , ver . 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8. In the second place , she layeth forth her sad sufferings under the hands of cruell persecuters , verse 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16. In the third , she professeth her constant adherence unto God , and doth avow his truth for time by-past , and her purpose to continue for time to come , vers . 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22. In the last place , they pray unto the Lord to arise , and relieve them from their cruel persecuters , for the glory of both his justice and mercy , ver . 23 , 24 , 25. FRom the Inscription , Learn , Seeing the Canon of the whole Hebrew Bible is commended to us by Christ and his Apostles , as the undoubted word of God , and the undoubted Scriptures given by inspiration of the Holy Spirit to the holy men of God , the writers therof , as kept inti●e and not vitiate by the Jewes , ( whose honor for preserving faithfully the Oracles of God committed unto them , is unstained , Rom. 4.2 . ) We are not to trouble our selves about the name of the writer , or time of writing of any part therof ; especially because God of set purpose concealeth the name sundry times of the writer , and the time when it was written ; That we might look in every book , more to the enditer of it , then to the writer of it ; and that the use of any exercise of any of the Saints set down therein , might be so much the more large , as the consideration of particular circumstances of time and persons , ( whereunto it might seem only to be applied ) were laid aside ; For this Psalm wanting the name of the writer , and time of the writing of it also , is looked upon by the Apostle , Rom. ● . 36 . not only as an experience of the Church before us , but also as a prophecie of the martyrdom of Christians under the Gospel , and as encouragement to stand constant in the faith in hottest persecutions . Ver. 1. WE have heard with our ears , O God , our fathers have told us what works thou didest in their dayes , in the times of old . 2. How thou didst drive out the heathen with thy hand , and plantedst them ; how thou didst afflict the people , and cast them out . 3. For they got not the land in possession by their own sword , neither did their own arm save them ; but thy right hand , and thine arm , and the light of thy countenance , because thou hadst a favour unto them . FOr the confirmation of their faith , they lay forth three arguments . The first is from the Lords mighty work in driving out the Canaanites , and planting their fathers in Canaan , made mention of in holy Scripture . Whence learn , 1. The informations which the Scripture doth give us of Gods working for his people , is as sure , and should be so looked upon by us ; as if the people of God who lived in the dayes when these works were done , and who were eye-witnesses thereof , should also rise up from the dead when the Scriptures are read , and testifie unto us , saying : Of these things we were eye-witnesses , and we tell them unto you for unquestionable truths ; for thus much do these words import : We have heard with our eares , O God , our fathers have told us what thou didst in their dayes . 2. The Scripture doth keep the declarations of Gods work and wil so fresh , and clean and pure from the mixture and superfluitie and imperfection of humane tradition , that God wil own it as his own proper testimonie , when we bring it before him : Our eares have heard , O God , what thou didst in the times of old . 3. Gods old works have new use in all ages , for the furtherance of Believers faith , patience and comfort : Wee have heard what thou didst in times of old , say the Saints now in trouble ; and standing in need of experience of the like works of God for them . 4. Albeit comparison of by-gone better times with ours , doth augment grief and tentation at first ; yet when they are well looked upon in their end and use , they serve to comfort us , and confirm our faith , as here the persecuted Kirks use-making of the like condition of the Lords people before them doth teach us . 5. Although Families and Nations were rooted in a Land , like old Oak-trees , and were very long possessors of it ; yet God can drive them out of it , by what instruments soever he pleaseth to do it ; The work of vanquishing Nations , and subduing of them , and casting out of them , is the Lords work : Thou didst drive out the heathen with thy hand . And so is the planting of a people in a land , or continuing families in succession : Thou plantedst our fathers , and castedst out the people . 6. The Lords part in a work is best seen , when mans part and all that he , as an instrument hath done , or could have done in it , is all declared null ; being considered as separate from God , who moved the instruments , and did work by them what he pleased : They got not the land in possession by their own sword , &c. 7. The fountaine of all good which is done to , or by the Church , is the only meer favour of God and his good pleasure ; That they are an incorporation , a Church planted , fost●red , defended so long , watered , spared so long , all is free favour ; Neither did their own arme save them , but thy right hand , &c. because thou hadst a favour unto them . 8. When God sheweth the light of his countenance to a people or person , he wil also shew his power for them ; Thy arm and the light of thy countenance , gave them the land in possession . These two go together . Ver. 4. Thou art my King , O God ; command deliverance for Jacob. The second argument for confirmation of the Church , is from the relation between God and her ; Thou art my King , O God , &c. Whence learn , 1. Trouble doth make Faith thirsty , and teacheth the believer to make use of his right and interest , and relations between God and him , which otherwise possibly might have lien idle in his coffe● ; yea , and Faith by trouble is made wise to chuse out the relation which serveth most for its present use ; Thou art my King , O God. 2. Relations between God and his people , do stand constantly in adversity , as wel as in prosperity : The godly in persecution have God for a King to come unto , from whom they may expect all the benefits which Subjects can expect from a potent King , as here the Church saith to God , how ever thou thinkest it fit to put us under the feet of persecuters ; yet Thou art my King , O God. 3. Whatsoever be the particular condition of any member of the Church , their prayer should be put forth for the whole body ; specially when the persecution is of the whole : Command deliverance for Jacob. 4. It wil cost the Lord but a word to deliver his people : Let him give out order , and it shal be effected ; The Church craveth no more , but Command deliverance . Ver. 5. Through thee wil we push down our enemies ; through thy name wil we t●ead them under that rise up against us . 6. For I wil not trust in my bowe , neither shall my sword save me . 7. But thou hast saved us from our enemies , and hast put them to shame that hated us . 8. In God wil we boast all the day long ; and praise thy Name for ever . Selah . The third argument to confirm their Faith , is the conscience of their sincere purpose , to give God the glory of inabling them unto all duties , whereunto he hath promised to inable them . Whence learn , 1. The believer may promise to himself whatsoever God hath promised unto him ; hath God promised to give his own people the victory over their enemies ? then the believer may promise to himself he shal overcome his persecuters , and through Gods strength be more then a conquerour over them ; Through thee wil we push down our enemies . If the enemy make head against them after a defeat , the Believer may say , Through thy Name wil we tread under that rise up against us . 2. The less confidence me have in our selves or in any thing beside God , the more evidence have we of the sincerity of our faith in God : For I wil not trust in my bow , neither shal my sword save mee . 3. It is a proof of sincerity of Faith , to give God as much credit for time to come , as he hath gained to himself , by the evidencing of his truth in time by-gone ; My sword shal not save me : But thou hast saved us , and therfore through thee wil we push down our enemies . 4. Whosoever doth hate the Lords people , shall be forced to think shame of their enmity one day ; Thou hast put them to shame , that hated us . 5. The glory which we give to God in prosperity , we should give him the same in our adversity ; change of times and dispensations should not change his glory , nor our confidence in him : Though the Church be under foot of men , the Churches God is above all : In God wil we boast all the day long , and praise thy Name for ever . Ver. 9. But thou hast cast off , and put us to shame , and goest not forth with our armies . 10. Thou makest us to turn back from the enemy ; and they which hate us , spoile for themselves . 11. Thou hast given us like sheep appointed for meat ; and hast scattered us among the heathen . 12. Thou sellest thy people for nought ; and dost not increase thy wealth by their price . 13. Thou makest us a repro●ch unto our neighbours , a scorn and derision to them that are round about us . 14. Thou makest us a b● word among the heathen ; a shaking of the head among the people . 15. My confusion is continually before me , and the shame of my face hath covered me . 16. For the voice of him that reproacheth and blasphemeth : by reason of the enemie and avenger . Having thus fastned a resolution to believe constantly in God , the Psalmist layeth forth the lamentable condition of the Church before God , with the tentation which did assault his people in their sufferings . Whence learn , 1. It can stand with the constant love of God to his people , to put them to so hard exercises by variety of troubles ; as he may seem not only to break off his former course of kindness towards them , but also to cast them off , and turn against them , by sending sore judgments on them , which ordinarily do speake unto humane sense wrath , and utter wrath ; Thou hast cast off ; yea , and they may seem disappointed of their hoped for protection and assistance from God ; Thou hast put us to shame : and may lose heart and hand when they go to battel against their enemies in a good cause ; Thou goest not forth with our armies , ver . 9. and be put to flight in battels , and be made a spoil to their despiteful enemies : Thou makest us turne back from our enemies , and they that hate us , spoil for themselves . v. 10. and being destitute of humane help for recovery , may seem to be left in the hand of the enemie , to dispose of them ( as it may seem ) to his pleasure ; Thou hast given us like sheepe for meat . And albeit all believers cannot be cut off , yet we may lose the face of a Church or Congregation : Thou hast scattered us among the Heathen , ver . 11. and may be made underlings and slaves to oppressors with no apparant advantage to the Lords glory , but seeming losse rather ; Thou sellest thy people for nought , and dost not increase thy wealth with their price , ver . 12. And may be deprived , not only of the common duties of humanity , which may be expected of neighbours , but also be disdained by them , mocked and reproached by them : Thou makest us a reproach to our neighbours , a scorn and derision to them that are about us , ver . 13. And in a word , may be the most despised people under heaven ; which as it is the just punishment of the scandalous carriage of the visible Church , when they make Gods name to bereproached among Idolaters and heathen people ; So is it the sharpest trial and tentation of the truly godly that can be ; Thou makest us a by-word among the heathen , a shaking of the head among the people , vers . 14. Learn also , 2. As Gods presence manifested among his people , and for them in the sight of the world , makes them the most famous , wise , couragious , prosperous and blessed people in the world : So when God being provoked by the wicked behaviour of his professed people , leaveth them , with-draweth his protection from them , wil shew himself angry at them ; they become foolish and feeble sheep , a despicable and disdained people above all others ; We turn back from the enemy . Thou hast given us as sheep appointed for meat , a reproach , a scorn , a by-word . 3. Whatsoever calamity cometh upon us , howsoever , and for whatsoever cause , we may safely take God for the worker of all our woe ; albeit the meritorious cause be in our self , the inflicting of the calamity is of the Lord ; for there is no trouble in the City which the Lord wil not avow himselfe to be the inflicter of ; for here the Prophet puts all upon God , Thou hast done it , five or six times . 4. When the visible Church hath drawn on miserie on her self , and God hath inflicted calamities justly on her ; it is safer to go to God , and lay before him all his work of justice , and the misery which lieth on us , then to keep it within our brests , or tel it of him to others ; He that hath wounded us , is only able to heal us , so doth this example teach us to do . 5. When the visible Church is visited with sad calamities , the true members therof are partakers of the trouble and sorrow , and shame of that condition : My confusion is continuallly before me , saith the Psalmist . 6. It is not very soon that the Church is delivered out of her trouble , when once she falleth in it ; there is a time wherein it is continued : My confusion is continually before me , and the shame of my face hath covered me , ver . 15.7 . When the enemy doth reproach Religion and righteousness , because of the calamity of the godly ; the more is spoken of Gods respect to the godly , and their cause , the more the enemie reproacheth and putteth the godly to shame ; and so ( while Gods dispensation seemeth to speak the contrary ) it seemeth to be but their own confusion for the godly to speak of God , or godliness , and righteousness of their cause . This is a sad case , The shame of my face hath covered me , for the voice of him that reproacheth , and blasphemeth , by reason of the enemie and the avenger ▪ verse 16. Ver. 17. All this is come upon us , yet have we not forgotten thee : neither have we dealt falsly in thy Covenant . 18. Our heart is not turned back : neither have our steps declined from thy way . 19. Though thou hast sore broken us in the place of dragons , and covered us with the shadow of death . 20. If we have forgotten the Name of our God , or stretched out our hands to a strange god : 21. Shall not God search this out ? for he knoweth the secrets of the heart . 22. Yea , for thy sake are we killed all the day long : we are counted as sheep for the slaughter . In the third place , the godly do professe for all that is said , their stedfastnesse in the profession of their faith for which they were persecuted . Whence learn , 1. It is the duty of the Lords people , whatsoever trouble or persecution they shall fall into , to be stedfast in the profession of the true Religion , and in every point of controverted truth : All this is come upon us , yet have we not forgotten thee . 2. As the maintaining of controverted truth must flow from faith in God , and love to him , entertaining the affectionate remembrance of Gods kindnesse , whatsoever change of dispensation they shall feel : So the passing from a point of truth in time of trouble , is a forgetting of God who is but hiding himself for a while , till the trial be perfected ; Therefore say the faithful , All this is come upon us , yet have we not forgotten thee : 3. As the Lord hath been pleased to enter into Covenant with his Church , and to make the Covenant a sanctified means for keeping his people more stedfast in their duty ; So should his people make conscience of keeping Covenant made with God , and of remaining stedfast in the maintenance of every duty whereunto they stand bound therein , that when they give accompt thereof , they may say with comfort , We have not dealt falsly in thy Covenant . 4. Covenants which people do make for adhering to the true Religion , and to mora●● duties commanded in Gods word , are not of the nature of humane Covenants , wherein man and man are the parties , and God only judge and witnesse ; but are such Covenants as God is also a party therein , to whom a people is so much the more engaged , as they are sworn to keep his Law , and therefore such Covenants are called Gods Covenant : We have not dealt falsly in thy Covenant . 5. No excuse from hazard of trouble , or persecution can guard the conscience , to shift or passe from the Covenant of God : Nothing can make us give a comfortable accompt of our carriage in relation to the Covenant , save upright and streight dealing before God ; We have not dealt falsly in thy Covenant . vers . 17. 6. The Lord can procure more honour to himself in the time of the persecution of his scattered people by the constancy of his Martyrs , and suffering Saints in their open profession and maintenance of his truth before their persecuters ; then when the visible Church lived in prosperity , and scandalized their neighbours by their ill behaviour , as this experience of scattered Israel maketh evident . 7. A good conscience doth much sweeten affliction in the time of trial , as here appeareth . 8. It is necessary for making a man constant in the outward profession of truth in the time of persecution , that his heart be established by grace , that his heart be fixed , trusting in the Lord ; These shall be born through , who may say , Our heart is not turned back . 9. It is necessary to watch over our severall actions , lest by little and little in particular passages we be drawn aside from our walking with a streight foot toward the Gospel ; and lest the heart be stollen away by little and little from the truth ; therefore these two must be joyned together in our endeavour : That neither our heart be turned back , neither our steps decline from the Lords way , vers . 18. 10. Albeit the Lord for perfecting the full triall of the faith of his people should put them in the power of most cruel Tyrants , and in daily danger of losing their life , yet should they choose to suffer all extremity of torments , and death it self , rather then to depart from the truth ; for so did the Lords approved witnesses before us : Though God did break them sore in the place of Dragons , and cover them with the shadow of death , v. 19. 11. In the time of trial concerning Religion , two sorts of sins are to be eschewed . The one is the passing from any point of the truth of doctrine or divine ordinances ; The other is the practising of any point of false worship of another institution , then what is the Lords ; Whether under pretence of offering it to the true God , or with profession unto another God ; for both these are to be eschewed , because the first sort of sin is a forgetting of the name of God : The other is , a stretching out of our hands to a strange god . 12. The Lord who searcheth the depth of a mans heart , will make speciall search for corrupters of Religion , and depravers of divine Doctrine , worship or ordinances , and all sorts of idolatry , whatsoever excuses or pretences be used for the colouring or covering of the same : If we have forgotten the name of our God , or stretched out our hands to another god , shall not God search this out ? v. 20. 13. In time of persecution for Religion ; nothing can counter balance the terrours and allurements of the persecuters , and make a man stedfast in the cause of God , save the fear of God , and love to God setled in the heart ; For the reason of the Saints stedfastnesie in this Psalme is , because God would have searched out their sinne , if they had done otherways ; for he knoweth the secrets of the hearts , v. 21. 14. Such as resolve to bear out the profession of the truth , must resolve to give their life for the maintenance of it : We are killed all the day long . 15. It is ordinary for the world to hate the servants of God , and true Saints , more for their faithfulnesse to God , and uprightnesse in his service , then for any other cause ; For thy sake are we killed . 16. It is mercy to us , that when God might punish us for our sins , he doth make our correction honourable , and our troubles to be for a good cause ; For thy sake are we killed . 17. Although all the hours of the day the persecuters were taking and killing some of our Brethren , the Saints for their faith in God , and fidelity in his service ; yet that must not divert the rest from following of the truth , and professing of true Religion ; How long soever the Lord continue the persecution and our trouble for his cause , we should resolve constantly to endure to the end ; Yea , for thy cause are we killed all the day long , vers . 22. Verse 23. Awake , why sleepest thou , O Lord ? arise , cast us not off for ever . 24. Wherefore hidest thou thy face ? and forgettest our affliction , and our oppression ? 25. For our soul is bowed down to the dust ; our belly cleaveth unto the earth . 26. Arise for our help , and redeeme us for thy mercies sake . In the last part of the Psalme , the Psalmist in behalf of the Church doth pray to be delivered from the cruelty of persecuters ; and being in bitternesse of spirit for anguish and grief , doth vent his present sense of Gods dispensation , yet corrected by faith ; Whence learn , 1. Albeit the Lord who watcheth over Israel be most vigilant for every one of his children , and never slumbereth nor sleepeth , but is still upon his work , his glorious work of preparing his jewels for eternal life , even when he putteth his people in the furnace of affliction by hottest persecution , ( for then in special he is about to glorifie himself and his Saints also in the triall of their precious faith , and is bringing to the view of men and Angels , that he hath a people who do love him better then their own lives , and who will endure any misery rather then deny any point of his truth committed unto them ; ) yet such is the strength of natural senses and affections , such is the partiality of self-love in carnal disputation about Gods providence , when he putteth his people to so sad sufferings for no fault done to their persecuters ; and such is the power of Satans tentations , helped on by humane infirmity , and perturbation of passions , that God is looked on as if he misregarded the case of his own people , and took no more care of them then a sleeping man doth of his businesse , and this is imported in this expression ; Awake , why sleepest thou , O Lord ? 2. Faith doth not allow not subscribe unto carnall sense , but in presenting the objections thereof unto God , doth really refute them . First , in that by prayer it goeth to God , who is the hearer of the most secret sighes of supplicants , at whatsoever time , night or day , or in whatsoever place opened up unto him . Secondly , by intreating him to refute the slander and calumny which carnal sense , and suggested tentations did put upon him , Awake , arise ; that is , let it be seen by the manifesting of thy justice and mercy , as thou usest to do by thy open working for us , that thou takest notice of our sufferings , and of our persecuters violence . Thirdly , by avowing that such misregarding of his own cause and servants , as sense and tentation did vent , is inconsistent with his nature , Covenant , Promises , and practices towards his people ; for , Why sleepest thou , is as much as , it is not possible that thou sleepest ; and why here is not a word of quarrelling , but a word of denying , that any reason can be given for such a thought , as God sleepeth . Fourthly , by avowing faith and hope of God manifesting himself in due time , for deciding of the controversie between them and their persecuters ; for what he prayeth for , he believeth to obtain . His prayer being according to the revealed will of God : and Awake why sleepest thou , O Lord , is as much as I believe , Lord , that thou wilt indeed let us and the world see that thou art not sleeping in all this our hard sufferings for thy sake ; and therefore I pray thee shew thy self early . 3. As tentation , if it cannot fasten upon us any thought of Gods careless misregarding of us in our sad sufferings ; yet will it suggest suspicions of Gods wrath , indignation , hatred , rejection , and reprobation of us ; So faith will study to dispell this mist , and quench this fiery dart by prayer also ; Cast us not off for ever , giving assurance , that albeit there were wrath in their exercise , yet it shall be but for a short time , and shall not be perpetuall . 4. As tentation , if it cannot fasten upon us suspicion of Gods hatred of us , and of his purpose to cast us off for ever ; yet it will suggest that God is pursuing us for some sinne which we know not of , that he is wroth with us in suffering persecuters to prevaile and to oppresse us , ( when in the mean-time he is glorifying himself , and his truth in us , edifying others by our constancy in such a point of truth , and by our patience in bearing the crosse , to the advantage both of the present age and posterity : ) So faith must study to dispel this mist also , and to quench this fiery dart as well as the former by rejecting this to be the cause ; for it is no token of Gods pursuing sin in wrath , when God giveth us grace , not only to believe in him , but also to suffer for his Names sake , and the Gospels ; When he maketh us to be his publick Martyrs and witnesses for his truth , some in one degree of Martyrdome , some in another ; When he maketh the spirit of glory , and of God to rest upon us , and so blesseth us , that when on the persecuters part he is evil spoken of , he is on our part glorified . This ( I say ) is no token of wrath , no token of pursuing us for our sinnes . Therefore albeit sense calls this a hiding of his face , yet faith will not admit these causes which might import wrath : For , Wherefore hidest thou thy face ? is in the terms of faith , as much as , Albeit it be true , that we have sinned , and thou seemest to hide thy face ; yet I cannot admit this thought , that this thy dealing with us is in wrath ; I see no reason why I should expound thy dispensation so ; yea , the very question wherefore , importeth that the Psalmist cannot condescend upon any suggested reason of this sort , to prove the hiding of Gods face , as sense would say ; and therefore he expecteth the Lord will shew forth tokens of his love and good will to them in due time . 5. As when these tentations are refuted by faith , long-lasting trouble meeting with infirme flesh , doth hold up the complaint of poor frail man , not being able to endure trouble long , weak nature is ready to think that it is forgotten or laid aside , and striketh still upon its own string of lamentation , whatsoever faith doth speak to the contrary , whether it have reason or not ; So faith must do its office , and that is , when it cannot stop complaining , it must lay forth before God in prayer the lamenter , and his lamentation to finde pity ; Why forgettest thou our affliction , and our oppression ? 6. All the reason that a poor persecuted and afflicted person can bring from himself , to plead pity when he lamenteth his case to the Lord , is his own weaknesse , emptinesse , low condition , near drawing to discouragement , fainting and dying ; For , Our soul is bowed down to the dust . 7. The godly soul under persecution , resolveth never to yield to the will of the persecuters , nor quit the Lords cause , but to lie supplicant at Gods feet from day to day , and there to die , if it be his will to delay or deny outward relief . Thus much the gesture of the supplicant speaks ; Our belly cleaveth to the earth . 8. Though the Believer do finde no reason in himself of his prayer for relief , yet he findeth reasons sufficient to give him hope in God ; As first , The Lords Soveraign power and place to help such weak creatures as come to him in their need ; Arise for our help , arise a help for us : Secondly , the office of a Redeemer , wherewith he cloathed himself in the Messiah Christ Jesus ; in the paction of whose redemption , and payment of the price of it , and begun and perfected accomplishment of it , every Believer hath undoubted interest and right unto all particular deliveries out of all straits , as branches , and appendices of the great Redemption of their souls unto eternall life . And this is hinted at in these words ; Arise for our help , and redeem us . Thirdly , the purchased , promised , and constantly running forth , and offered mercy of God to Believers , looseth all objections and doubts arising from our sins , unworthinesse , and ill-deserving : For , ( Redeem us for thy mercies sake ) importeth so much . PSAL. XLV . To the chief Musician upon Shoshannim , for the sonnes of Korah , Maschil : a song of loves . Laying aside what useth to be spoken here of Solomons marrying of Pharaohs daughter , and of some typicall things therein , ( tending to the extenuation of Solomons fault ) as conjectural , and serving nothing to the advantage of that marriage , presuppose the conjecture did hold , both concerning the occasion , and also what might seem typical in it , because similitudes taken from , and types made of what thing soever God pleaseth , do serve to make clear what the Spirit will have taken up about Christ , or about any spiritual antitype ; but doth not serve to make clear the thing resembled by the antitype , from being sinful , as by the type of Agar , and of the brazen Serpent , and of Ionas his punishment , and sundry other similitudes and parables set down in Scripture doth appear : But we are sure this Psalme is a song , describing the mystical marriage of the Messiah Christ Iesus our Lord , and his Church , wherein Christ the Bridegroom is praised , ver . 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9. And the Church his Spouse is instructed in her duty to him , ver . 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15. And the end of the song declared to be the everlasting praise of Christ , ver . 16 , 17. COncerning the Inscription , that this Psalme is altogether spiritual and holy , appeareth ; First by this , That it is directed to the publick Minister of Gods worship , to be made publickly use of in Gods publick praises . To the chief Musician , for the sonnes of Korah . Secondly , it is intituled Maschil , a song to give instruction to the Church of God , concerning the Majesty and grace of the Kingdom of Christ , and the duty of the Church , and the spiritual blessings of the Believers . Thirdly , it is a part of divine Scripture , ranked among the holy Psalmes , and acknowledged by the Church of the old Testament for such . Fourthly , the testimony of the Apostle , applying it directly as the word and speech of the Father to the Sonne of God , Christ Jesus , Heb. 1.8 . Fifthly , the matter and words of the Psalme , which cannot be verified in any person save in Jesus Christ alone . Sixthly , the plurality of loves here spoken of , to shew unto the Reader the excellency of the love of Christ , or the love of God to us in Christ Jesus ; wherein the perfection of all loves that ever was heard tell of , is surpassed ; It is a song of loves . Ver. 1. MY heart is enditing of a good matter ▪ I speak of the things which I have made touching the King : my tonque is the pen of a ready writer . THis Verse is a commendation given to this song by the Spirit of God , by way of Preface . 1. It is a good matter . 2. It is inspired ; The Spirit of the Lord making the heart filled with his presence , to be boiling in the enditing of it . 3. It is of Christ the King. 4. It is the Poem of the inspired Prophet , made ready to expresse what is furnished by the Spirit , for the edification of the Church in all ages . Whence learn , 1. The knowledge of the love of Christ to his Church , and of his espousing of her , is the sweetest subject , the matter of the most glad tydings that ever sinners did hear of , and worthy indeed to be called a good matter . 2. The heart acquainted with this sweet and saving knowledge , will be more ready to communicate what it knoweth , then able to expresse it self ; the heart will be as a spring-well , a boiling pot , according to the measure of the Lords presence in it . 3. The theam of the praises of the believing soul is Christs person , cloathed with offices for the salvation of souls . For the main subject of this song is touching the King. 4 When the heart is full of gracious affection , the tongue wil be loosed to praise God , so as others may be edified : out of the abundance of the heart , the mouth wil speak heartily ; My tongue , saith he , is the pen of a ready writer . Ver. 2. Thou art fairer then the children of men : grace is poured into thy lips : therefore God hath blessed thee for ever . 3 Gird thy sword upon thy thigh , O most mighty : with thy glory and thy majesty ; 4 And in thy majesty ride prosperously , because of truth , and meekness , and righteousnesse : and thy right hand shall teach thee terrible things . 5. Thine arrowes are sharpe in the heart of the Kings enemies ; whereby the people fall under thee . 6 Thy throne ( O God ) is for ever and ever : the scepter of thy kingdom is a right scepter . 7 Thou lovest righteousness ▪ and hatest wickedness : therefore God , thy God , hath annointed thee with the oyl of gladnesse above thy fellows . 8 All thy garments smell of mirrhe , aloes , and cassia : out of the ivory palaces , whereby they have made thee glad . 9 Kings daughters were among thy honourable women : upon thy right hand did stand the Queen in gold of Ophir . In the description of the excellency of Christ , the very true Son of God , there are set down sundry points of glory . The first is , no beauty among men comparable to the beauty of Christ , who is not only the fairest of ten thousand for wisdome and holinesse , and whatsoever vertue can be named , as he is man ; but also as he is God , he is the resplendency of his Fathers glory , the holy one of Israel ; of whose glory the whole earth is full , by whose beautiful righteousness and power the deformity of sin and misery of his own is taken away in part , and shall be removed fully , therefore justly is it said of him , Thou art faire● then the children of men . 2. Christ by the doctrine which he delivereth is able not only to discover sin and misery , and the true way of delivery from the same by grace , and to direct a man in the way of salvation by grace , but also graciously and powerfully to perswade a man to embrace it , Grace is poured into thy lips . 3. Christ as man is furnished abundantly and above measure , for communicating of the blessing to his hearers invincibly and infallibly , and for making his Doctrine effectually powerful to salvation to whomsoever he wil ; for , Therefore ( or to this purpose ) God hath blessed him for ever . 4. Christ is furnished to subdue and conquer and bring in so many as he pleaseth under subjection unto his Kingdome ; he hath his sword even the rod of his mouth , his word which is sharper then any two-edged sword which no man can withstand . 5. He goeth not abroad to conquer or subdue without this his sword , which is his word ; it is alwayes with him ready to be drawn forth , and to be thrust in the soul and conscience of the hearer , with whom he mindeth to deal , His sword is girded upon his thigh . 6. Christ is Almighty , and so able to make good all that he speaketh , and to make his word of precept , promise and threatning effectual unto the errand for which it is sent , He is most mighty . 7. Where he is pleased to open his word and to discover himself what he is , they that s●t in darkness do see a great light of his own glory as God , a shining light , a glorious light , making open the deep counsel of God , and mystery of mens salvation , Gird thy sword upon thy thigh , O most mighty , with thy glory . 3. Where he pleaseth to shew himself , there the stateliness of a mighty Monarch is seen , the soveraignty of the rule of heaven and earth is seen , able to shake the heart with fear , and awe of his greatness , with his glory there is majesty or stately magnificence . 9. The wheels of Christs Chariot , whereupon he rideth when he goeth to conquer and sub●ue new converts to his Kingdome , are Majesty , truth , meekness , righteousness , manifested in the preaching of his Gospel ; Majesty , when the stately magnificence of his person and offices is declared ; Truth , when the certainty of all that he teacheth in Scripture is known ; Meekness when his grace and mercy is offered to rebels ; and Righteousness , when justification by f●ith in his name , is clearly set forth . 10. Christ goeth no voyage in vain , he cometh not short of his intent and purpose , but doth the work for which hee cometh , preaching the Gospel , In his majesty , truth , meekness , and righteousness he rideth prosperously . 11. Christ can do what he will ; he can do terrible things to make his enemies tremble , and his friends reverence him with holy fear , having omnipotency in him to work by , as ready as a man hath his right hand to employ ; let him but will to have any thing done , and it shall be done ; he hath not long to advise what he is able to do , as men consult with their ability , whether they be so powerful as to effect what they intend , or would have done , Thy right hand shal teach thee terrible things . 12. Albeit he needeth no admonition to do what he is in doing or wil do , yet loveth he to have his children furthering the advancement of his Kingdom , shewing unto him what they would have done , & praying unto him that his Kingdom may more and more come , as the form of speech endited by the holy spirit doth import , Gird thy sword , ride thou prosperously , &c. 13. Christ in his conquest is to meet with his enemies , of whō some wil openly oppose him , some wil feignedly profess subjection , but wil not heartily submit themselves unto him , but stand aloof and at a distance , being far from him in their hearts , when with their lips they draw neer-hand unto him ; both these are here called The Kings enemies . 14. Such as do not draw neer unto him in their heart , he can and wil send messengers of wrath unto their heart , threatnings which shal be executed , terrors which shall be followed with judgments , and judgments which shall end in their destruction , sudden and unexpected ; how many or how strong soever they seem to be , they shal not stand before him nor be able to hinder his conquest , Thine arrowes are sharp in the heart of the Kings enemies , wherby the people fall under thee . 15. Christ Jesus the promised Messiah was revealed to the Church of Israel , to be the very true eternal God , that their faith and ours might have satisfaction , and a solid ground to rest upon , in the all-sufficiency and infinite worthiness of the promised Redeemer , as the Apostle , Heb. 1.8 . confirmeth unto us , citing to this purpose this very text , Thy throne , O God , is for ever and ever . 16. Christ shall not want a Church from generation to generation ; let persecuters do their worst , he shal reign as King , and sit on his throne in his Church , giving forth his laws , and executing them , oppose him who wil , Thy throne , O God , is for ever and ever ▪ 17. The Scepter of Christs Kingdom , which is the Gospel or the word of God in Scripture , whereby he gathereth his subjects and ruleth them , and the manner of his governing his people by the rules of his law and discipline , is most just and equitable , a righteous scepter , wherby the subjects may be instructed in all righteousness , and may be justified and made righteous ; The scepter of thy Kingdome is a right scepter . 18. The holiness and righteousnesse of Jesus Christ , both as he is God , and as he is God incarnate , is so essential to his person and employment , that his rule of government and administration of his affaires in his kingdome cannot be but right , as for direction , so also for rewards to them who obey his direction , and punishments of the disobedients , Thou lovest righteousnesse , and hatest iniquity . 19. As Christ is very God , so is he very man in all things ( except sin ) like unto us whom he calleth , Psal. 22.22 . and Heb. 2.12 . his brethren , and here his fellows , sharemen and partakers of all that is given to him , and joynt heirs with him , Rom. 8.17 . and by reason of making covenant in our name with the Father , and by assuming of our nature , according to the tenor of the covenant , God becometh his God and our God , and he in our name as man receiveth the gifts of the holy spirit without measure , for fitting him as he is man to manage his Kingdome in righteousness effectually ; for it is said , Therfore , or to that intent , God , thy God hath annointed thee with the oyl of gladness . 20. The gifts and graces of the holy Spirit spoken of here in terms of oile , ( employed for figuring mens furnishing unto their calling , and enabling of Kings and Priests unto their offices , and employed also in the entertainment of honourable guests invited to a feast ) are so bestowed on believers , joynt-heirs with Christ , as Christ is not degraded from his soveraignty by his partners exaltation ; for of Christ it is said , Thy God hath annointed thee with the oyle of gladness above thy fellowes . 21. As the attendants of great persons are refreshed by the smel of their oyntments and perfumed garments , so are Christs attendants refreshed with the consolation of Christs Spirit perfuming all his outward ordinances , wherein as in his garments he doth shew forth himself to his church more comfortably , then any perfume or odoriferous spice can set forth , All thy garments smel of myrrhe and aloes and cassi●h . 22. Not only the heavens where God sheweth fo●th his glory to souls of just men made perfect , but also all the places where his honour dwelleth , all the meetings of his church where he sheweth himself in his ordinances to a spiritual eye , are all of them most glorious and stately palaces ; for there is the Temple of the Holy Ghost , and there is the beauty of holiness , whence doth come forth the smel of his graces in his ordinances , as out of Ivory palaces . 23. It is savoury and well-pleasing to Christ , when his people find pleasure in him , and are refreshed by his blessing upon the publick ordinances ; for , Therby they have made thee glad , saith the Psalmist to Christ. 24. Albeit the catholick church consisting of true converts or real Saints , be but the one and onely true Spouse of Christ , yet particular visible churches consisting of Saints by calling , by obligation , by profession & common estimation , their own or others ; some of them being true Saints indeed in the Spirit , some of them but counterfeits , and Saints in the letter only , are in number many , as they are dispersed for time and place wherein they do live , and do make up sundry incorporations and Ecclesiastick consociations in Parishes , Townes , Countries and Kingdomes , as the Lord giveth them occasion , opportunity or possibility to make use one of another for communion of Saints ; in this respect ( I say ) they are many , and therfore the true Spouse , the true church consisting of true converts ( whose praise is of God , to whom only they are certainly known , and not of men ) being but one , is compared to the Queen ; but the particular churches , whose collections and consociations is known to men , being many , are compared to Ladies of Honour which serve the Queen ; of this sort is here prophesied , that the most renowned cities , countries , Provinces , and Kingdomes should be professed attendants of Christ the bridegroom's honour , and professed servants of his church , and promoters of the honour , estate , and welfare of his spouse ; Kings daughters among thy honourable women . 25. Albeit our Lord wil allow a place of honour and room in his own court unto visible churches in their several consociations greater and smaller , for that service which they may do in order to the gathering in of the Elect into the inner court of neerest spiritual communion with him , yet it is the universal invisible church which he counteth his Spouse ; she is the Queen who hath access unto him to be in highest honour beside him , Upon thy right hand did stand the Queen . 26. As the whole society of true Saints reverently attend the wil of the Lord , that every one of them in their place may honour the Lord : so are they all highly honoured of the Lord , and adorned with whatsoever may make them glorious ; for the ornaments put on by Christ , such as are adoption , justification , sanctification , with all other relations tending to their felicity , are here compared to the finest Gold ; The Queen doth stand at his right hand in gold of Ophir . Ver. 10. Hearken ( O daughter ) and consider , and encline thine ear : forget also thine own people , and thy fathers house , 11. So shal the King greatly desire thy beauty : he is thy Lord , and worship thou him . 12 And the daughter of Tyre shal be there with a gift , even the rich among the people shall entreat thy favour . 13. The Kings daughter is all glorious within ; her clothing is of wrought gold . 14 Shee shal be brought unto the King in raiment of needle-work : the virgins her companions that follow her shall be brought unto thee . 15 With gladness and rejoycing shall they be brought : they shal enter into the Kings Palace . This is the other part of the Psalme wherein the Spirit of the Lord speaketh to the true Church-militant , and directeth her in her duty , and encourageth her by sundry inducements to follow the Lords direction . Whence learn , 1. As because their is spiritual love and respect between God and his Church , therfore the Cevenant and the spiritual communion between Christ and his Church is compared to a marriage : So because the derivation of all spiritual life , grace and motion which the Church hath , is from God , and dependeth on him ; Therfore the Church is compared to a daughter , Hearken , O daughter , and ver . 13. she is called the King● daughter . 2. The way and order of bringing the Church to her duty , is by her hearing of his word , consideration of what is taught , and subjection of her spirit to the obedience of faith ; Hearken , O daughter , and consider , and encline thine ear . 3. Because even the true members of the Church , whose praise is not of men but of God , are in this life intangled in affections to their old wayes and corruption of manners ; Therefore every one hath need to renounce and forget more and more their old lusts and enticements of the world , which is a very true fruit , and necessary evidence of their hearing in faith , Forget also ( saith he ) thine own people , and thy fathers house . 4. The more we renounce and abandon our lusts and sinful inclination in obedience to God , the more are we beautified with holiness , and are acceptable to God In our endeavours , Forsake thy fathers house , so shal the King greatly desire thy beauty . 5. Christ hath all right unto our service , and by creation , redemption , & covenant we are absolutely bound to serve and honor him in all things : He is thy Lord , and worship thou him . 6. When the Church honoureth Christ he wil honour her , and make the noble and potent in the world submit themselves to her and seek communion with her , and to esteem the meanest true member of the Church , more blessed then riches or honour can make any man : The daughter of Tyre shal be there with a gift : The rich among the people shall entreat thy favour . 7. The glory of the true Kirk , and of every true member thereof is in things spiritual , not discernable by the uptaking of the natural man ; for what is outwardly professed , is inwardly studied unto sincerity by them who worship God in spirit and in truth ; and the graces wherewith she is adorned , as knowledge , faith , love , hope zeal , courage , sob●iety , patience , are not the object of outward beholders , but most beautiful in the eyes of a spiritual discerner , and in the eyes of him that seeth in secret : The Kings daughter is all glorious within . 8. Whatsoever inherent graces the Saints have , and how beautiful soever they be ; yet they have need of a garment which may hide their imperfections , and beautifie them before God ; to wit , the imputed righteousness of Christ , the Husband of the Church , who only hath this garment to sel , Rev. 3.18 . and though it be bought without mony and without price , yet it is very rich ; for whatsoever either nature or art can furnish to set it forth , is but a shadowing similitude of it , Her cloathing is of wrought gold . 9. Though the marr●age of Christ and his Church be bound up , and the hand-fasting be past , and tokens of love be given to the Bride yet the full solemnity of the complete marriage is delayed til a set time , that the particular members and the whole Church may be perfected . The time of the brides being brought to a constant habitation with Christ , is at the Lords appointed time ; to wit , at the death of every particular Saint , and of the whole Church together at the day of our Lords second coming ; the day is coming , wherin she shall be brought unto the King. 10. Albeit now there be many imperfections of the Saints , which Christs imputed righteousness doth hide , yet in the day of the Churches being brought to the presence of God to be with him for ever ; she shal have no imperfection , spot or wrinkle , or want of any thing which may per●ect her glory in all respects ; she shal put on immortality and incorruption , and her very body of flesh shal be made conformable to the glorious body of our Lord Jesus ; She shall be brought unto the King in raiment of needle work : Wherin the height of artifice and of natures materials are joyned as the fittest similitude which can express this unexpressible glory . 11. The same shal be the glorious state of particular Saints , and particular congregations , which shal be of the whole church universal ; whereof as every true congregation and particular Saint therein is a part , and have contributed their service in their time to the good of the whole church , as handmaids to the Mistris : so shal they share in the glorious reward ; The virgins , her companions shal be brought unto thee , so saith the Psalmist unto Christ. 12. Great shal be the joy of men and angels in the general meeting of the whole church , all being gathered together by the angels , who have lived from the beginning of the world to the ending thereof , and all received in the fellowship of God in blessedness to endure for ever , with gladnesse and rejoycing shall they be brought , they shall enter into the Kings palace . Ver. 16. In stead of thy fathers shall bee thy children , whom thou mayest mak● princes in all the earth . 17. I will make thy name to be remembred in all generations : therefore shall the people praise thee for ever and ever . The two last verses may be applied both to the Bride the true militant church , and to the Bridegroom Christ Jesus , the King of Saints . As it is applied to the church , Learn , 1. The Saints have no ground of gloriation in their progenitors according to the flesh , of whom they draw nothing but what is polluted with sin ; but all the glory of the church , is rather in her children which she bringeth forth by the Gospel unto God , In stead of thy fathers shall be thy children 2. What any member of the church seemeth to lose in the world by forsaking thereof and coming to Christ , it is made up to them by Christ in spiritual respects , if not also in temporal blessings when God seeth fit , In stead of thy fathers shall be thy children . 3. The true children of the church are indeed the excellent ones of the earth , and princes indeed , wherever they live , in comparison of all other men who are but the beastly slaves of Satan : Thy children are princes in all the earth . 4. The true church shal be honorable , and honore● by her kindly children in all generations , because of the estimation which God putteth upon her in his holy Scripture : I wil make thy name to be remembred in all generations : Therefore the people shal praise thee . These verses may also be applied more pertinently to the bridegroome Christ Jesus , for whose praise the whole Psalm is composed . ver . 1. Of whom only the words can be verified fully , as onely capable of what is ascribed directly to the person spoken unto here , and cannot be well ascribed to Solomon and Pharaohs daughter in their marriage ; because partly Solomons marriage with outlandish women , is marked among his faults , and so can hardly be esteemed to be honoured with this song delivered to the Church for her perpetual instruction ; partly because in the Inscription there is not so much as mention of Solomons name , either as type or resemblance of this marriage of Christ & his Church ; & partly also because what is here spoken , hath little typical verity answering to it in the History of Scripture concerning Solomons marriage , or children of Pharaohs daughter . And lastly , this song is set down not in a typical manner , but in a simple similitude of the marriage of a King & Queen indefinitely , whose marriage useth to be the most glorious of all eatthly marriages , and fittest to lead us up to that incomparably glorious spiritual marriage of Christ & his Church . In which consideration from these words , Learn , 1. Christ doth not draw glory from his progenitors according to his flesh , but giveth being and gracious being to such as he regenerateth by his word and Spirit to be his children , and so it may be said to Christ , In stead of thy fathers shall be thy children . 2. The excellency of Christs children and their princely disposition above the rest of mankind unregenerate , is of Christs making ; he only it is , of whom properly it may be said , Thou shalt make thy children princes in all the earth ; for , He hath made us Kings and Prists to God and his Father . 3. By the Spirit that indited this Psalme , and all other Scriptures Christs name shall be holden forth and remembred from age to age , while the world lasteth , I will make thy name ( saith the Spirit ) to be remembred to all generations . 4. Christs espousing unto himself a Church , and gathering moe and moe from age to age by his word and Spirit unto it , his converting souls , and bringing them in to the fellowship of his family , and giving unto them princely mindes and affections where ever they live , is a large matter of growing and everlasting glory unto his majesty ; for in regard of this point , and what is said before in this Psalme , he addeth as the close of all , Therefore shall the people praise thee . PSAL. XLVI . To the chief Musician for the sons of Korah , a song upon Alamoth . After some notable delivery of the Church from the enemies , the Lords people do confirm themselves in their resolution to trust in God , and not to be afraid of trouble , because of his comfortable presence among them , which is like unto a river of continual refreshment , as late experience did give evidence , ver . 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6. and do exhort all men in the world to observe this his late work , and make use of it for their humiliation , ver . 7 , 8 , 9 , 10. as the Church doth make use of it for confirmation , ver . 11. Ver. 1. GOD is our refuge and strength : a very present help in trouble . 2. Therefore will we not fear , though the earth be removed : and though the mountains be carried into the midst of the Sea. 3. Though the waters thereof roar , and be troubled : though the mountains shake with the swelling thereof . Selah . FRom by-gone experience of Gods defending his Church , the Lords people do strengthen themselves in the faith of Gods word , concerning the care of his people ; and from this ground do guard their heart against the fear of all possible trouble in time coming . Whence learn , 1. Faith in Gods word and the profession of it , is made much more vigorous and lively after felt-experience of the verity thereof ; for the Church did believe this truth before this late delivery , but now after this fresh experience they are animated to set to their seal to it more confidently , saying , God is our refuge . 2. Albeit the Church were destitute of all humane strength within her self , and were forsaken ; yea and pursued by all Kings and Princes , yet hath she God for a retiring place , and for furnishing of what is sufficient for her subsistence ; God is our refuge and strength . 3. Albeit the Lord will not exempt his people from trouble , yet he will be near them in trouble ; and when their weakness is discovered to them , then he will help them , and will not delay his help too long , but will give help in time of need effectually ; for God is to his people , A very present help in trouble . 4. Nothing can guard the heart of Gods people against the terror of possible , or imminent troubles , sa●e faith in God ; for here the Lords people having fixed their faith , do make this inference , Therefore will we not fear . 5. The terrour of apparent trouble , is the touchstone of confidence in God , and then is faith fixed , when it doth look upon the greatest dangers and troubles that can be imagined , with resolution to adhere to God and to that truth that persecuters do oppose , whatsoever may come . We will not fear , though the earth be removed . 6. Albeit the whole frame of the world were changed , and the work of creation were either dissolved or confounded , which shal be in effect at the last day ; yet faith findeth footing and ground to stand upon in God himself , We will not fear , though the mountains be carried into the midst of the Sea , though the waters thereof roar and be troubled , though the mountains shake with the swelling thereof . Selah . Ver. 4. There is a river , the streams whereof shall make glad the city of God : the Holy place of the Tabernacles of the most High. 5. God is in the midst of her : she shall not be moved : God shall help her , and that right early . The Church doth look upon the Lords word and ordinances joyned with the blessing of his Spirit among them , as upon a sufficient consolation against whatsoever trouble can be imagined . Whence learn , 1. Although there be many particular persons in the Lords Church militant , & many particular Congregations as there were many habitations in Ierusalem , and many tabernacles at the time of the solmn feast , when all the Lords people were gathered together to the keeping thereof ; yet are they all one Church universal , one kingdom of God , one City compact together in the union of one sealed Covenant , one true faith and Spirit ▪ The plurality of the Tabernacles of God doth make but one City of God here . 2. Albeit trouble without comfort may fall on men who know not God ; yet to believers within the Church there can no trouble come , wherein the true Citizens may not finde consolation and joy to uphold them against all causes of sorrow , There is a river , the streams whereof make glad the City of God. 3. The consolat●ons which God furnishes to all who wil make use of them within the Church , are not like the consolations which the world can afford , which are in all respects insufficient to overcome trouble ; but the consolations of God are abundant , constantly running , ready at hand , and able to make a man a conquerour over trouble effectually , and to make him rejoyce in the Lord in the midst of ●●ouble ; for this is imported in the similitude of refreshing water ; There is a river , the streams whereof shall make glad th● City of God. 4. God will never forsake his people who seek after him , but where they are following his ordinances in any measure of sincerity , there will he be ; God is in the midst of her , 5. As the consolation of the Church , so also the stability of the Church , and continuance of it from generation to generation , dependeth upon Gods setled residence therein ; God is in the midst of her , she shall not be moved . 6. Gods presence among his people will not exempt them from trouble , but from perdition in trouble : he will not exempt the bush from burning , but from being consumed , For God shall help her . 7. Albeit the Lord do not appear at the point of time when we would , yet shall he come and help in time of need most timeously , God shall help her , and that right early . Ver. 6. The heathen raged , the kingdomes were moved : he uttered his voice , the earth melted . 7. The LORD of hosts is with us : the God of Iacob is our refuge . Selah . He cleareth the doctrine delivered , by a late experience of Gods taking order with the enemies of the Church , at the time when they in great confluence and power made assault against her . Whence learn , 1. It is no small indignation which the world doth bear against the Lords Kingdome , his people , and work among them : nor is it any mean power from which the Church is in danger to suffer hardship , but fury in the height of it , and force in the farthest extent of it , may she expect to encounter with ; The heathen raged , the Kingdoms were moved . 2. It is not the worldly power of the Lords people which can sustain the assault of their raging enemies , but God himself must prove party to her oppressors ; therefore here the Lord doth interpose himself for his people ; The Lord uttereth his voice . 3. It shall not cost the Lord any business to dispatch the enemies of his people ; let him shew himself a little , let him but say the word , and they are gone ; as Snow before the Sun , or fat cast into the fire , so are they consumed ; He uttered his voice , the earth melted . 4. Any one experience of the Lords working for his church may suffice to confirm the faith of his people concerning his perpetual presence in his church , for assistance of his people in their difficulties ; for from this one experience he draweth the inference ; The Lord of hosts is with us . 5. What the Lord is in wisdom , power , and other attributes , that may the church apply to her self , and be sure to have the fruit of it as her need requireth ; if hosts of heathen and huge great Armies of whole Kingdomes he against his church , yet still we may be sure God the Lord of Armies will stand up against them , and for his church , The Lord of hosts is with us . 6. The covenant of God made with the church in former ages is good enough security to the church in after ages ; for obtaining whatsoever benefit his covenant includeth ; The God of Iacob is our refuge ▪ yea the rights made to the incorporation of the church , is as good security for the use of every particular believer , as if it were made personally to every member by name ; and therefore as wise citizens do reckon whatsoever they can claim by their town-charter , no less to belong to them then their own private possessions : so whatsoever the believer can claim by vertue of the great charter made to the church , he should reckon it as sure to be his as if his proper name had been specified in the promises ; for , The God of Iacob is our refuge , is thus much ; because God is undoubtedly the God of Iacob , and his childrens refuge ; he must undoubtedly be our God , who are members of that incorporation , and our refuge . Ver. 8. Come , behold the works of the Lord , what desolations he hath made in the earth . 9. He maketh the wars to cease unto the end of the earth : he breaketh the bowe , and cutteth the spear in sunder , he burneth the chariot in the fire . 10. Be still , and know that I am God : I will be exalted among the heathen : I will be exalted in the earth . 11. The Lord of hosts is with us : the God of Iacob is our refuge . Selah . In the latter part of the Psalm , he exhorts all men to make use of this deliverance given to the Church for their humiliation , confidence in God , and consolation . Whence learn , 1. When God doth work works of wonder in favour of his Church , most men mark not the Lords doing ; such is the dulnesse and stupidity , ingratitude , mis-belief & perverseness of men , either thinking little of his work , or ascribing the praise to instruments , or some other thing besides God ; so that there is need to call unto men , and set them to their duty ; Come and behold the works of the Lord. 2. Wonderful calamities doth God pour out upon the enemies of his people , when he entreth in judgement with them ; for what they intended to do to his people , he doth unto them , Behold , what desolations he hath made in the earth . 3. When it seemeth good to the Lord , he can give peace universally to his Church , and a whiles breathing from the trouble of outward enemies , He maketh wars to cease to the ends of the earth . 4. Long preparations for war , arms and amunition which have been made with great labour and expences against his Church , the Lord can soon give a short accompt of them , and make them useless when he pleaseth , He breaketh the ●ow● , and cutteth the spear in sunder , he burneth the Chariot in the fire . 5. Because men cannot understadd what they are doing , or what is their duty so long as their passions are aloft , so long as their mindes are tumultuous , busied about many things , and distracted from what is most necessary ; it is good for people from time to time to gather in their straying thoughts , to silence their passions and perturbations , and humbly compose themselves for observation of whatsoever God requireth of them , Be still , and know that I am God. 6. It is better for men to be wise and acknowledge the Lord by the words of his instruction , then to leave their lesson to be learned by doleful experience and danger of destruction , Be still , and know that I am God. 7. There is not so ready a way for the Lords people to quiet their minde against the fear of trouble and persecution of men , as to settle their faith about Gods taking care of his people and of his own cause , and of his minde declared against his and their enemies ; Be still , and know that I am God. 8. The Lord will not be at a loss by the opposition of his enemies , he will not fail to enlarge his glory , the more that men go about to suppress it ; he will make an inrode upon his adversaries lands , and make them know himself to be God , either to their conversion or confusion and destruction ; I will ( saith he ) be exalted among the heathen . 9. How little notice soever be taken of the Majesty of God oft-times in the visible Church , and always without the Church he be misregarded , yet will he see to his own glory , not only in the Church , but also among the enemies of the Church ; and not only among such as have actually invaded his people , but also among them far and neer that have taken no notice either of him or of his people ; I will be exalted in the earth . 10. Whatsoever manifestation of Gods power be made in the world by his judgement against his enemies who know him not ; yet he is ever doing for his Church , and not against her ; The Lord of hosts is with us . 11. The Church of God or belivers , need not care how many be against them seeing they have moe for them then can be against them ; to wit , God and all the creatures at his command , The Lord of hosts is with us . 12. The strength of the Church stands in her renouncing her own , and fleeing into Gods strength , and not in opposing their enemie by strong hand , but by betaking of themselves to God ; The God of Iacob is our refuge . 13. We have need to make God the ground of our confidence , and to make our communion with God the ground of our comfort ; for God is sufficient for us against every evil , and God is sufficient unto us for furnishing every good ; and we have need to fix and settle our grounds , by oftner subscription of this truth , and oftner avowing of it , The Lord of hosts is with us , the God of Iacob is our refuge , is repeated . PSAL. XLVII . To the chief Musician . A Psalme for the sons of Korah . This Psalme is a Prophecy of the enlargement of Christs Kingdome , and of the conjunction of Jews and Gentiles in one body under Christ their ●ead and Lord , delivered by way of exhortation to Jews and Gentiles , joyfully to praise the God and Saviour of his people Jesus Christ ▪ on whom the Psalmist looketh as now ascended into heaven triumphantly after the full payment made of the price of Redemption , and as going about the gathering in of the Redeemed Gentiles , til he bring in the fulness of them into one Chruch with the Jews ; the exhortation is prefi●ed , ver . 1. and repeated , ver . 6 , 7. the reasons of the exhortation to a joyful praising of him are seven . The first , ver . 3. The second , ver . 3. The third , ver . 4. The fourth , ver . 5. The fifth , ver . 7. The sixth , ver . 8. The seventh , ver . 9. Vers. 1. O Clap your hands ( all ye people ) shout unto God with the voice of triumph . FRom the exhortation to Jews and Gentiles , joyfully to praise the Redeemer ; Learn , 1. Christs Kingdome and the benefits thereof do belong to moe nations then one , for in him the redeemed in al the nations of the earth are blessed , Clap your hands all yea people , or , all ye Nations , saith the Lord. 2. The Kingdome of Christ coming to a people , or family , or person , is matter of chief joy to them , because thereby delivery cometh from sin , Satan , and misery , and sure mercies of righteousness , peace , and joy in the holy Ghost with eternal life brought to them , and therefore just reason to say to them to whom Christ cometh , O clap your hands , shout unto God with the voice of triumph . 3. Our joy and our victory over all our enemies , which Christ hath purchased and bringeth to all believers in every Nation , is the matter of Christs praise and doth declare that he is God , who having in his manhood suffered , wrastled against sin , Satan , death , hell , and the curse of the law , did by the power of his Godhead prevaile before he brought joy to the Gontiles . Thus much do the words of the exhortation import ; for his triumph presupposeth his victory , and his victory presupposeth his battel before he overcame , and the commanding of the Gentiles to clap their hands and shout , and to shout with the voice of triumph , presupposeth their interest in the victory ; and while they are bidden shout to God , the triumpher , who in all this Psalme is the Redeemer Christ ( as shall appear hereafter ; ) it imports that the Redeemer is God , and howsoever he is God inseparably from the Father and the Holy Spirit , yet here he is distinctly to be looked on in his person ; and howsoever he is inseparably to be praised with the Father and Holy Spirit , yet here distinctly to be praised for this his work of victorious Redemption of sinners ; therefore it is said with distinct relation to his person , Shout unto God with the voice of triumph . Ver. 2. For the Lord most high is terrible , he is a great King over all the earth . From the first reason of the joyful praising of Christ , taken from his Sovereigne Majesty over all the world ; Learne , 1. That the Redeemer , the victorious triumpher , is the Lord very God , essentially Iehovah , the Lord most high . 2. Christ is able both to keep his subjects in subjection by his rod and corrections , and to take order with his enemies also , how high soever they be , The Lord most high is terrible . 3. Christ hath right and just title to erect a church in what country and kingdome he pleaseth , without asking any mans licence , and to set up among his subjects the profession of his name , and practice of all his Ordinances pertaining to the exercise of Religion in doctrine , worship , and Ecclesiastick government of his subjects , He is a great King over all the earth . Ver. 3. He shall subdue th● people under us , and the nations under our feet . From the second reason for joyful praising of Christ , taken from the encreasing of his own Kingdome , and the exalting of all his subjects above the rest of the world ; Learn , 1. The true church of Christ may from age to age promise to her self addition of new subjects , or bringing down of their enemies under their feet ; for as the true church in the Prophets time might say , so may also every true church say after them , Hee shall subdue the people under us , and the nations under our feet . 2. If it wil not please the Lord at such a time as men would wish , to execute judgement on their enemies , nor yet to convert them , and make them additional subjects to his Kingdome , yet shal he not fail to make his own people victorious over their opposition , power , and persecution , and more then conquerors in this respect , He shal subdue the people under us , and the nations under our feet . Ver. 4. He shal chuse our inheritance for us , the excellency of Iacob whom he loved . Selah . From the third reason of Christs praise , taken from the care he hath for sustentation and welfare of his subjects ; Learn , 1. As God by allotting of earthly Canaan for the inheritance of his people , did testifie his care to provide for them both earthly suste●ance and an enduring substance for their spiritual subsistence represented thereby ; so wil he provide for the sustenance of all his subjects in all ages , both bodily and spiritual , Hee shall chuse our inheritance for us . 2. As he is most loving of us , and more wise to make choice of what is good for us , then we our selves are : so wil he imploy his wisdome and love in carving out unto us our lot ▪ measure , portion , and inheritance ; He shall chuse our inheritance for us , and not leave it to our carving . 3. The main part of the inheritance of Christs subjects is no earthly thing , but his very best blessing , such as he gave to Iacob above Esau ; Their inheritance shall be the excellency of Jacob. 4. The fountaine of Christs care for all his subjects , is common to them and to Iacob , and that is his love , The excellency of Iacob whom he loved , shall be their inheritance . Selah . Ver. 5. God is gone up with a shout , the LORD with a sound of a trumpet . From the fourth reason of Christs praise taken from his glorious triumphing over all his enemies and ours when he ascended to heaven ; Learn , 1. He that ascended , what is it but that he also descended first into the lower parts of the earth ? he that descended is the same also that ascended up far above all heavens , that he might fil all things , Ephes. 4.9 . That is , Christ being very God , descended in humbling himself to take on him the shape of a servant , and when he had perfected the work of redemption ascended in our nature , the same very person stil , very God , which descended ; for God is gone up with a shout . 2. As the Ark of the covenant , the figure of Christ , after the victory gotten over the chief enemies of the church , ascended up to Sion , and Gods presence in it ; So Christ after victory obtained of his chief enemies on the cross , ascended triumphantly into heaven , God is gone up with a shout , Iehovah , with the sound of a trumpet . Ver. 6. Sing praises to God , sing praises : sing praises unto our King , sing praises . 7. For God is the King of all the earth : sing yee praises with understanding . The exhortation given to all people to praise Christ for the work of redemption , is repeated , and directed to the church of the Jewes more particularly with a fifth reason of praise , taken from a neerer conjunction between Christ and them , then betweene him and any other Nation . Whence learn , 1. Albeit the Lord doth shew his glory in the works of creation , and is shining dayly in the works of providence also ; yet in the work of redemption , conversion and salvation of souls ▪ his glory is manifested far more ; for here , praise , praise , praise , and the fourth time praise is called for . 2. When believers in Jesus Christ do consider how he abased himself to assume our nature , how he payed the ransome for us as surety , how he did encounter and fight with all our enemies , and being victorious in our name , ascended in our nature with the shout of the victory , and sound of the trumpet of the triumpher , they cannot chuse but see reasons of praising joyfully the glorious Godhead of Jesus Christ , and of singing praises to him as God again and again . 3. Of all Nations of the earth , the Jewes have the first place , priviledge , and prerogative , most bonds with , and interests in Jesus Christ ; for he delivered them out of Egypt , setled them in Canaan , held house among them in a Tabernacle , answered them by Oracle out of the A●ke of the covenant the type of his incarnation , took upon him to be their King and sanctifier , the holy one of Israel , their Redeemer , took of them his humane nature , and was born a Jew , therefore had the Prophet good reason to say to the church of the Jewes , Sing praises to our King ▪ sing praises ▪ and in this song may all they joyn with the Jewes , who have embraced Jesus for their King. 4. Christ is so King over the Jews , as he also extendeth his kingdom over all the earth , not only in regard of his power in a common manner , but in regard of his special grace gathering in subjects out of all parts of the world , til he have the ful number brought in and saved , he , he only is the true Catholick King , for God is the King of all the earth . 5 As none can praise God , or praise Christ sincerely , who do not understand the reasons for which they should praise ; so he that praiseth understanstingly , cannot chuse but praise affectionatly , therfore saith he , Sing ye praises with understanding . Ver. 8. God reigneth over the heathen : God sitteth upon the throne of his holiness . From the sixth reason of Christs praise taken from the keeping a church among the Gentiles , for gathering the redeemed out of all Tongues and Languages , and reigning among them as King of Saints , and author of holinesse ; Learn , 1. To the end that Faith may find footing and a Rock to rest upon , we must in all the promises , works and praises of Christ still remember that as he is now very man , so is he also eternally God , and that no man reasonably or with understanding can praise him as the Redeemer and perfecter of what is spoken of him in Scripture , except he acknowledg him to be God ; therefore is Christ eight times in this Psalm calleth God , beside the ascribing unto him works proper to God only ; and twice he is called by the incommunicable name of Jehovah the Lord ; and in this verse Godhead is twice acknowledged in him , as King of the church among the Gentiles ; God reigneth over the heathen , God sitteth upon the throne of his holinesse . 2 Because the summe of Christs Kingdome is holiness , and his work is to teach , prescribe and command holiness , to take away sin , and powerfully to apply and work in his owne redeemed ones holinesse , and to continue in his actual governing of his Subjects , til he have made all and every one of the redeemed perfectly holy ; therefore is his throne in a special manner called the throne of holinesse ; God sitteth upon the throne of his holinesse . Ver. 9. The princes of the people are gathered together , even the people of the God of Abraham : for the shields of the earth belong unto God : he is greatly exalted . From the seventh reason of Christs praise , taken from his converting of great men of the earth , ( as Kings and Princes ) and bringing them to the obedience of the faith and union with the true church ; Learn , 1. Albeit oft times it is seen , that not many rich , noble , or potent are called ; yet God for his own glory is from time to time bringing in some of them , and when it may glorifie his name , shal bring in and perfect what is promised , and prophesied here ; The princes of the people are gathered together . 2. It is a point of Christs praise in the conversion of men , that his omnipotency maketh men voluntary Subjects , and to come in to him as by invincible power on his part , so also deliberately with a free election , and hearty consent of wil on the converted m●ns part : The Princes of the people , and excellent ones in the earth ▪ of whatsoever rank converted unto Christ , are voluntary people , for the original suffereth also this reading , The voluntary of the people are gathered together . 3. The church of the Jews is the mother-church , wherof Abraham and the godly Jews yea and Christ himself were Members ; The church of the Jewes is the Olive-treee , whereunto all the converts of the Gentiles are ingraffed , gathered , and made one people with Abraham and the faithful among the Jewes ; The Princes of the people are gathered together , the people of the God of Abraham . 4. The unity of the church standeth in the union of the Spirit , under the service of the only true God , and in conjunction with his people , for the union of Jew and Gentile , is the gathering together of the Princes of the people to the God of Abraham . 5. As there is a necessity of the union of Jewes and Gentiles in one visible Christian Church , because it is promised and prophesied that it shall be so ; So there is reason to wish for the more evident union of them ; that they may be as eminently consociate as ever the Christian Churches were , ( either in the Apostles time , or in the Christian Emperors time , ) in a general Assembly or oecumenical councel ; for that there is at least a possibility of an oecumenical councel , or a general assembly of Jewes and Gentiles in this world under Christ their King. This place makes it plaine , because after it is foretold that there shall be such a union of all the people of the God of Abraham , Jewes and Gentiles , as their princes shal be gathered together , He takes away the chief ground of a great objection which may be made from the discord and disagreement of the Princes of the world ; some of them being averse altogether from the Christian Religion , some of them from the true Religion of Christ , and all of them almost dissenting one from another , and warring one against another ; whereby now for many years the gathering of an oecumenical councel hath not been possible . He meeteth this objection in the Text , saying , For the shields of the earth belong unto God , that is , the hearts and power of all the Kings of the earth are in the Lords hand , and he hath the disposing of shields , armies and ammuintion , with all their commanders and rulers in the world , and therefore can make them serviceable for the nearest conjunction and union of his visible church , which can be for his glory in this world , as he sees ●it how and when he will. 6. When all is said of Christs praise that man can expresse of him , there is no possibility to attaine to the ful or satisfactory setting forth of his glory as it deserveth ; but men must content themselves to set sail● , and to rest in the general , that Christ is and shal be very highly glorified ; for so the Psalmist closeth , saying after all ; He is greatly exalted . PSAL. XLVIII . A Song and Psalm for the sons of Korah . In this Psalme the Lord is magnified for all his mercies bestowed on his Church , ( resembled by Ierusalem , ) ver . 1 , 2 , 3. And in special for a late mercie manifested in a passage of his care to preserve Ierusalem , a type of the Church universal , against the assault of mighty Kings , ver . 4 , 5 , 6. The uses of which mercies are set down in number seven ; The first , v. 7. The second v. 8. The third , v. 9. The fourth , v. 10. The fifth v. 11. The sixth , v. 12 , 13. The seventh , v. 14. Ver. 1. GReat is the LORD , and greatly to bee praised in the city of our God , in the mountain if his holinesse . 2. Beautiful for situation , the joy of the whole earth is mount Sion : on the sides of the North , the city of the great King. 3. God is known in her palaces for a refuge . IN the first place he declareth his purpose to give God the praise of whatsoever is commendable in Jerusalem , or done unto it , or wrought for it . Whence learn , 1. As God shewes his greatness and glory in all his works , and specially in his care for , respect unto , and operation in his church ; so should he have glory and praise from his church , for and from all his works , but specially for his care of her : Great is the Lord , and greatly to bee praised in the city of our God. 2. As it is the benefit of Ierusalem , and of his church represented thereby , to be united and governed in a regular incorporation ; so it 's a matter of Gods praise , that he maketh his visible church above all other incorporations and societies of men in the world to be his citie , with which he wil be in covenant , and wherein he wil manifest his holy Name ; Therefore Ierusalem , and the church represented by her ●s here called , the city of our God , and the mountain of his holinesse . 3. Whatsoever could commend Ierusalem for situation in the point of pleasantnesse , commoditie , strength or statelinesse ; all is but a shadow of the glory of the Lords church , and in particular , as the joy of the whole land depended on Ierusalems well-fare , and this city did adorn all Iudeah , and the great Kings palace adorned her ; So the church is the joy of the whole earth , by holding out to all the light of saving Doctrine , and shewing the authority , power , wisdome , and grace of Christ ; who is her great King , and doth beautifie his church , for the illumination of the blind dark world ; Beautiful for situation , the joy of the whole earth is mount Sion , on the sides of the North , the city of the great King. 4. As the walls , houses , and palaces of Ierusalem were not the strength of the citizens ; but God was her strength as they had learned by experience ; so worldly strength is not the confidence of Gods church ▪ but God only , who defendeth her by his power ; God is known in her palaces for a refuge . Ver. 4. For lo , the Kings were assembled : they passed by together . 5. They saw it , and so they marvelled ; they were troubled , and hasted away . 6. Fear took hold upon them there ; and pain as of a woman in travell . He confirmeth what he hath spoken , by a late experience of deliverance from the invasion of mighty Kings , gathered to besiege and destroy Ierusalem . Whence learn , 1. The Lord by experience from time to time , maketh manifest his care to defend his church against most mighty oppressors ; who use to combine themselves together , when they mind to overthrow the church : For lo , the Kings were assembled . 2. Many imaginations are in the heads of adversaries when they are plotting the ruine of Gods church , which when they are about to execute , do vanish and prove presumptuous and vain apprehensions of their owne ability , and of the churches weakness ; When the Kings were assembled , they passed by together . They found themselves unable to effect what they intended , and hoped to bring to passe . 3. When the strait cometh , and the church is in danger ▪ then the Lord doth shew himself for her , and against her enemies , and makes men see his interest in his church ; now when the Kings were assembled , they perceived themselves mistaken wonderfully ; They s●w it , so they marvelled . 4. Such as come to bring trouble to Gods church , come to catch troubles to themselves ; When Kings assembled to trouble Gods people , they saw , and marvelled , and were troubled . 5. If the enemies of the church could foresee their own foul retreat , they would not advance or make assault against the church ; for now when they did see matters , as they were indeed , they were troubled , and hasted away . 6. Besides the mischief which God bringeth upon the churches enemies , when he begins to plead by way of judgment against them , he sendeth terrour on them also , a messenger of the ill-tidings to forwarn them that worse yet shal befall them : Feare tooke hold upon them there . 7. Heart and hand , courage and strength , counsel and resolution doth faile a man , when he seeth God to be his partie , and to be prevailing against him : Feare took hold on them , and pain as a woman in travaile ; Sudden , unexpected , sore and inevitable is their destruction when it cometh . Ver. 7. Thou breakest the ships of Tarshish with an East wind . The first use they make of this experience is this , they are led up by it to see and acknowledge Gods power in all the world , to take order with and destroy whomsoever he will. Whence learn , 1. No power can stand before God , and none can escape his hand ; go whither they wil , he can arme some of his creatures against them both by land and sea ; Thou breakest the ships of Tarshish with an East wind . 2. One work of the Lords justice or power against his enemies , and one experience of his merciful defending of his church , should lead his people to acknowledg his Soveraign power and omnipotency over all , whereby he ( having all creatures at his disposal ) can secure his people from all quarters , and destroy all that shall rise against them ; for this speech sayth this in substance : Thou who scatteredst the armies of Kings who had invaded us , hast power in all the world by sea and land to overtake thy enemies ; for , Thou didst break the ships of Tarshish with an East winde . Ver. 8. As we have heard , so have we seen in the city of the Lord of hosts , in the city of our God. God wil establish it for ever . Selah . The second use is this , by this experience we perceive that the Lord wil keep his promise to his church , and preserve her for ever , Whence learn , 1. They that believe the word of God , and doe mark his workes foretold in the word , shal see and find by experience the event thereof to answer to the prediction ; and ha●ing their faith so confirmed : they should say ; As we have heard , ●o have we seene in the city of the Lord. 2. The mercies of the Lord bestowed on his church for her defence and continuance , do 〈◊〉 from his covenanting with his Church ; for the reason of the ●●rcy now bestowed is ; because the city of the Lord of hosts , is the city of our God. 3. Albeit all Kingdomes and Common-wealths be subject to destruction , and have their certaine limits and periods ; yet the church , the Kingdome of Christ , the city of God shall endure throughout all generations ; and the gates of hell shall not prevail over it ; God shall establish it for ever . Ver. 9. We have thought of thy loving kindnesse , O God , in the midst of thy Temple . A third use is the acknowledgement of the sweet fruit of their former patient depending upon Gods kindnesse in the use of the publick ordinances , and now they perceive by this late experience it was not vain . Whence learn , 1. They that believe Gods loving kindnesse in the time when there are apparent signes of his wrath , and patiently do depend on him in the use of holy ordinances , shall not be frustrate of their expectation , as here the Psalmist doth acknowledge . 2. As it is a good thing patiently to wait on Gods loving kindnesse in the use of the means , when troubles and dangers do come ; so it is a good thing for the godly after receiving the fruit of their faith , hope and patience , to observe the grace gotten of God , which made them to meditate upon and look unto his loving kindnesse : and so to strengthen themselves in their resolutions , to follow this blessed course hereafter , as the faithful do here : We have thought of thy loving kindnesse , O God , in the midst of thy Temple . Ver. 10. According to thy Name , O God ; so is thy praise unto the ends of the earth : thy right hand is full of righteousnesse . A fourth use is their gladnesse , because of the encrease of Gods glory by this his late mercy towards them , where-ever it should be mentioned . Whence learn , 1. Whatsoever God giveth himself out for , that wil he be found to be answerable unto in effect , even to all his holy and magnificent attributes : According to thy Name , O God , so is thy praise . 2. The manifestation of Gods Name by preaching of his word cometh to many , who will not subscribe all to be true that is said of him : But afterward when he maketh his word good to the comfort of his people , and overthrow of his enemies , men will be forced to say of him , that he is as good as his word , and that his works do loose his word laid in pawn for performance of it ; According to thy Name , O God , so is thy praise unto the ends of the earth . 3. The Lords power is not idle , but constantly working in equity and justice for performance of promises and threatnings , for defending his people , and punishing his enemies ; Thy right hand is full of righteousnesse . Ver. 11. Let mount Sion rejoyce ; let the daughters of Iudah be glad , because of thy judgements . A fourth use is to stirre up all good people to rejoyce , because God hath pleaded their cause against their enemies . Whence learn , 1. It becometh all men to be glad to see God glorifie himself in deciding controversies equitably ; but most of all the people of God , who have the present benefit thereof , and in whose favours controversies between them and their enemies are decided ; Let mount Sion rejoyce , and the daughters of Iudah be glad . 2. Albeit it be lawfull for Gods people to rejoyce when the enemies are punished ; yet had they need to take heed to their spirit , that their joy be not fleshly , for satisfaction gotten to their vindictive passions ; but spiritual , for the declaration of Gods kindnesse to his people , and just indignation at the wickednesse of their malicious persecuters : Let them be glad , because of thy judgements . Ver. 12. Walk about Sion , and go round about her : tell the towers thereof . 13. Marke ye well her bulwarkes , consider her palaces , that ye may tell it to the generations following ▪ The sixth use of this late experience of the churches delivery , is to observe the impregnable defence of the church , shadowed forth by the walls of Ierusalem , for the encouraging of Gods people in all ages , and advertising of all men to beware to attempt to do her wrong in time coming . Whence learn , 1. The church of God is so well guarded by Gods wisdome , power , good will and justice , as with a wall of fire , that all the strength to be observed in the walls and towers of earthly Ierusalem are but shadowes ; For , Walk about Sion , and go round about her , and tell the towers thereof , is no other thing then look through the type , and consider Gods protection represented thereby . 2. When a type is to be studied , observation particularly may and should be made of whatsoever in it may lead us further in upon the right uptaking of the antitype resembled thereby , Walk about , go round about ; Marke ye well her bulwarkes , consider her palaces ; for in God , or in Gods attributes something answerable to all these will be found . 3. What light the Lord furnisheth concerning himself and his church which may glorifie God , and serve the posterity for their edification , should be transmitted unto them : Marke , that ye may tell it to the generations following . Ver. 14. For this God is our God for ever and ever ; he will be our guide , even unto death . The seventh and last use of this experience of the church , is consolation in God to Gods people in every hard case , and encouragement to them against all future fears , because God is the same constantly to his people in all ages as the late experience of the church had given proof . Whence learn , 1. The great Maker of Heaven and Earth , and Redeemer of his people is one and the same for ever , both in himself and towards those that believe in him ; This God is our God. 2. God is still in covenant with his church , and with all the members thereof , as well in one age as in another ; Now , as of old ; for This God is our God for ever and ever . 3. God will guide them whose God he is , when they seek his counsel out of desire to follow it , and he will not lay down the conducting and governing of those who have committed themselves unto him , but will guide them constantly all the days of their life ; He will be our guide , even unto death . PSAL. XLIX . To the chief Musician , A Psalme for the sons of Korah . This Psalme sets forth the gloriation of a Believer in the grace of God , and in his blessed condition , wherein he is lifted up above all the wealthy and honorable men in the world , who are not reconciled unto God : And this the Psalmist delivereth out of his own feeling and experience . And first , because it is a main matter , and worthy of all acceptation , he maketh a Preface to his gloriation , ver . 1 , 2 , 3 , 4. Then he cometh out with it , making his boast in God ; That by faith in God he was so secured against sinne and misery that they should not be able to mar his happines ver . 5. Thirdly he doth preferre his blessedness above whatsoever wealth or riches could yield to a man , vers . 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10. and above whatsoever dominion over fa●ir lands , or honour among men could yield to any man , either living or after his death , either to himself or to any of his posterity , vers . 11 , 12 , 13 , 14. Fourthly , he giveth reason of his gloriation , because being justified by faith , and at peace with God , he was sure of delivery from every evil , and to be received out of his grave into glory and fellowship with God , vers . 15. Fifthly , he guards every true Believer against every tentation which might disquiet him , when he seeth himself and other godly persons in outward trouble , and the wicked in prosperity , vers . 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20. Ver. 1. HEar this , all ye people , give ear , all ye inhabitants of the world . 2. Both low and high , rich and poor together . 3. My mouth shall speak of wisdome : and the meditation of my heart shall be of understanding . 4. I will incline mine ear to a parable : I will open my dark saying upon the harp . THe Preface calleth to the hearer for attention , faith and affection to this excellent mystery which he is to deliver unto all men concerning the blessednesse of the Believer above all other men in the world . Whence learn , 1. A prepared and sanctified ear is necessary for heavenly doctrine , and people had great need to be stirred up to take knowledge of the excellency of it ; Hear this , all ye people , give ear . 2. The doctrine of salvation , of faith , and of consolation against sin and misery , concerneth all people in the world to know ; Give ear , all ye inhabitants of the world , both high and low , rich and poor together . 3. That is true wisdome and understanding , which doth make men wise to salvation , and which maketh them truly blessed in this life ; and this wisdom is not the birth of mans brain , but is revealed in the word of the Lord , delivered to his Church by the holy men of God in holy Scripture ; My mouth shal speak of wisdome , and the meditation of my heart shall be of understanding . 4. As it is necessary for the Preachers encouragement to believe what he doth preach ; so is it a great inducement to the people to hear Gods word from him who doth speak Gods word , because he doth believe , and doth subject his spirit to the Lords word , as the Prophet doth here ; I will incline my ears to a parable . 5. The doctrine of true blessednesse ▪ and of the mystery of mans salvation manifested in the Scripture , doth far transcend the carnall wisdome of the world ; the excellency of the Gospell unto the natural man , is a parable and dark saying : I will open my dark saying on the harp . 6. How dark and difficult soever the mystery of the Gospel be to the carnall world ; yet to the man of experience it is plain , sweet and comfortable ; and a man of experience as he is best seen in that matter , so is he most willing , heartily to communicate it to others ; I will open ( saith he ) my dark saying upon the harp : Intimating his delight in the doctrine . Ver. 5. Wherefore should I fear in the days of evil , when the iniquity of my heels shall compasse me about ? After this Preface he uttereth his parable and dark saying , the substance whereof is this : I am so perswaded of the favour of God now reconciled to me by the blood of the Covenant , that neither do I need to fear by-past sins , nor any trouble which can come on me hereafter : And this , I say , to let all men know that this blessednesse may be attained by every man , who shall acknowledge his sinnes , and embrace the offers of grace made by God with his directions unto life , as I have done . Whence learn , 1. What God has spoken in his word of the blessednesse of the man that is justified by faith , every true believer may finde , and may attain to be fully assured of their perseverance unto eternall life ; for here is a proof and example of it in the Psalmists person . 2. This Doctrine of the unspeakable peace of the Believer reconciled to God through the blood of the Covenant , is a point of truth which the world is ignorant of , and hardly will believe : No wonder therefore he did call it before , and here uttereth it as a parable and dark saying . 3. A Believer after reconciliation , must neither exempt himself from danger of sinning , nor from giving daily accompt of his carriage unto God , nor from challenges for sin , nor from ordinary chastisements for sin , nor from heavy troubles and ill days which he may meet with ; whether by Gods immediate hand for his correction , or by the persecuters of godlinesse for his further triall , exercise and training of faith ; for here the Psalmist presupposes that evill days will come : he presupposeth that every sin or iniquity of every action and passage of his life , shall leave behinde it an impression of guiltinesse to be taken notice of thereafter , like the print of a mans foot when he lifts his heel and walketh forward ; he presupposeth after remission of sin , after the daily exercise of repentance , after frequent intimation made of remission of sin , and that oftner from day to day repeated , a man may be brought back in the day of trouble to an accompt for altogether , and old reckonings may be raked up again by the troubled conscience , and by the accuser of the Brethren , and that God will be ruling the business for the further glory of the riches of his grace , and further good of his exercised childe ; for here the Psalmist foreseeth , and speaketh of his looking for days of evill , and of the iniquity of his heels compassing him about , as what shall or may befall him . 4. Faith in the Messiah Jesus Christ , is able to make a man , not only at length to triumph over sin and misery , over the curse of the Law , and condemnation , or trouble and persecution , but also before trouble come in humble and solid confidence to be fearless for what can come , and to look all possible evils out of countenance ; Wherefore should I fear in the dayes of evil ▪ &c. 5. Albeit it be possible when it cometh to push of pike , and when the man is yoked in the conflict with troubles from without , and challenges for his sinnes within , that the strongest in faith may finde himself not a little afraid ; yet when he considereth the ground laid down for settling of his faith , to wit , the truth of the covenant , the merit of the Mediatours sacrifice , and the freedome , riches and immutability of Gods love and grace , with the Psalmist he may confidently professe and acknowledge , that he hath no reason to be feared for what Satan or the conscience may threaten him with ; for this also is imported in wherefore should I fear in the days of evil , when the iniquity of my heels shall compasse me about ? which is as much as if he had said , whatsoever may be my weaknesse , and exercise in trial ; yet I know there is no just reason why I should fear condemnation , or to be debarred from the possession of full blessednesse , by whatsoever possibly can come unto me . Vers. 6. They that trust in their wealth , and boast themselves in the multitude of their riches , 7. None of them can by any means redeem his brother , nor give to God a ransome for him : 8. ( For the redemptoon of their soul is precious , and it ceaseth for ever ) 9. That he should live still for ever , and not see corruption . 10. For he seeth that wise men die , likewise the fool and the brutish person perish , and leave their wealth to others . In the third place , the Believer preferreth this his blessed condition to whatsoever either riches or honour or any earthly thing can yield to any man. Whence learn , 1. The blessedness of the Believer , and the glory of faith is best seen , when the vanity of all earthly happinesse and worldly gloriation in any thing beside God is discovered and compared with the condition of the Believer , therefore are they that trust in their wealth , brought in comparison with the Believer here . 2. In whatsoever men do count their felicity to stand , in that they put their confidence , and do glory in it , as here is presupposed : They that count riches their happinesse , They trust in their wealth , and boast themselves in the multitude of their riches . 3. The weaknesse of all worldly things to make a man blessed doth best appear when death cometh ▪ for when the time thereof is come , no rich man can help himself , nor yet joyning his riches with his brothers riches , can help his brother , either by lengthening his life and suspending death temporall , or by recovering him from death when he dieth ▪ None can by any means redeem his brother . 4. All men are Gods prisoners of warre , his captives , and liable by justice to death temporal & eternal ; and there is no delivery from death , whether temporal or eternal , but by paying a ransome unto God , which is impossible for a meer man to pay ; None can give to God a ransome for his brother . 5. We are not redeemed with silver or gold , or any perishing thing ; our ransome must be of greater value then a meer man can pay , that is a man , and no more : The redemption of a mans soul is precious , and it ceaseth for ever . 6. Not so much as this worldly life can be perpetuated , by whatsoever wealth , or riches , or humane ability can do ; far lesse can the life of God , and that blessednesse in heaven be purchased by any meer man ; None can redeem his brother , that he should still live for ever and not see corruption . Ver. 11. Their inward thought is , that their houses shall continue for ever , and their dwelling places to all generations ; they call their lands after their own names . 12. Neverthelesse , man being in honour , abideth not ; he is like to the beasts that perish . 13. This their way is their folly ; yet their posterity approve their sayings . Selah . 14. Like sheep they are laid in the grave , death shall feed on them ; and the upright shal have dominion over them in the morning , and their beauty shall consume in the grave from their dwelling . He compareth the gloriation of the Believer with the condition of those who are not only rich , but also honourable , and Lords of great rents , fair lands , houses and heritages ; and he doth preferre the blessednesse of the Believer to their condition also : Whence learn , 1. Albeit experience doth teach that death is common to men of all rankes , wise and foolish , rich and poor , and all ; yet men are so besotted , as when they see this , they do not consider it , that they might not place their happinesse in any thing , wherefrom they may be separated by death : The worldly man seeth the wise man die , and also the foolish . He sees also that many rich men do leave their goods they know not to whom ; They leave their wealth to others : and yet for all this their seeing the mortality and the folly of mortall men dying before them , they that survive a little do not draw wisdome from this observation , but dream they shall deceive death , and make themselves some way eternall ; they think to perpetuate their name in their posterity by their heritages and the honours of their great families : Their inward thought is , that their houses shall continue for ever , and their dwelling places to all generations . They call their lands after their own names . 2. The cause of this folly is his deceived heart , avd vain conceits and imaginations , which by death are blown away ; Their inward thought is to eternize themselves . Neverthelesse , man being in honour , abideth not ; or doth not attain his fancied eternity . 3. The blessedness of the wealthy , potent and honourable man , as it is not permanent : so it leaves him in the dirt at length , and in no better case ( if he have no faith or saving knowledg ) then a beast : Neverthe●esse , man being in honour abideth not , he is like the beasts that pelrish . 4. Though the men who are most able to purchase lands , and to transmit them to their posterity , are counted ordinarily the most wise men ; yet when men spend their wit and care mainly about things of this present earth , the Lord pronounceth them to be fools : This their way is their folly . 5. Though the observation of the folly of predecessours should make the posterity wise ; yet few are found father-better , or father-wiser ; but fools follow fools in a race , and folly wil not want a patrone so long as fools are gone before : This their way is their folly , yet their posterity approve their sayings . 6. A worldly man not reconciled to God , dieth as a foolish , sensual and secure beast as he lived ; Like sheep they are laid in the grave , for they are deaths prey both soul and body ; Death shall feed on them . 7. The righteous man justified by faith , and studying to live righteously , albeit you look on him in the worst estate he can be in the world , under poverty and persecution ; yet he is in better condition then the richest and most honourable ungodly man in all the earth ; and albeit this doth not appear in this dark world , to blind men that have not the light of Gods word in them ; yet at the resurrection it shal be seen , that the poor and mean just man shal be in a glorious condition above the worldling : The upright shall have dominion over them in the morning . 8. The whole glory of the worldly-minded man is shortly consumed so soon as he dieth , and then he changeth his lodging for the worse , the best dayes that ever he shal see are gone : Their beautie shall consume in their grave from their dwelling . Ver. 15. But God will redeeme my soul from the power of the grave ; for he shall recieve me . Selah . In the fourth place he perfects the comparison , and gives a reason of his gloriation , whereof we heard , ver . 5. The summe whereof , is this , wealth and riches , nobility , honour and dominion among men can follow an ungodly man no farther then the grave , there all wel-fare doth forsake him for evermore but as for me who am reconciled to God , justified , and in some measure sanctified , though I die , yet do I live in my soule , being kept by God til the day of compleat redemption , and then my soul being deprived only for a while of the body , shal have i● restored again in the resurrection , and then soul and body both shal fully be redeemed and delivered from the power of the grave : for as God hath received me into favour in this life , & shal receive my soul at death ; so at the time of the delivering of my body from the grave , he shal receive me both soul and body into his fellowship , and therefore my condition is better ▪ how many dayes of evil soever I shal see in this life , then the condition of an ungodly man in the world , how wealthy , how honourable and apparently happy soever he be in this world ; yea , I may justly glory over all ungodly men , and say yet again , wherfore should I feare in the dayes of evil , when the iniquitie of my heels shall compasse me about ? For God wil redeeme my soule from the power of the grave . Whence learn , 1. Albeit the godly may be subject to mortality and outward misery of this mortal life , common to him and the ungodly , yet here is the difference , he is sure of a deliverance from all misery ; But God shall redeem my soul , seith he ; which God wil not do to the ungodly . 2. Hope of the resurrection is the godly mans chief consolation , and this was the hope of the Saints before Christ came , aswel as since : God shall redeem my soul from the power of the grave . 3. A believer hath good warrant to be perswaded not only of his reconciliation with God in this life , but also of the receiving of his soul after this life unto the fellowship of the glory of God both in soul and body at the resurrection ; God shall redeeme my soul from the power of the grave ; for he shall receive me . Selah . Ver. 16. Be not thou afraid when one is made rich ; when the glory of his house is increased . 17. For when he dieth , he shall carry nothing away : his glory shal not descend after him . 18. Though whiles he lived , he blessed his soul ; and men will praise thee , when thou dost wel to thy self . 19. He shal go to the generation of his father● , they shall never see light . 20. Man that is in honour , and understandeth not , is like the beasts that perish . In the last part by way of exhortation , to make use of this Doctrine , he guardeth every Believer against every tentation which may arise from the prosperity of the wicked , & the hardship of the godly in this life . Whence learn , 1. It is a tentation which shaketh the faith of the godly sometimes , when they see the flourishing prosperity of the wicked , and their own daily affliction ; but this should not move the godly , or make them suspect themselves to be in a wrong course , and the ungodly in a better way : Be not thou afraid when one is made rich . 2. The consideration of the shortness both of our temporal calamity and of the ungodly mans prosperity , both which do end at death , is the way to overcome the foresaid tentation ; For , When he dieth , he shall carry nothing away , his glory shall not descend after him . It is not so with the godly , whose glory and happiness meets him at death . 3. A mans own self-deceiving heart , measuring all happiness by a mans present outward condition in the world , and hearkning to the flatterie of fools about him , who use to currie the favour of the wealthy , and love to have the like condition themselves , is the cause why the miserable man is kept stil in a golden dream , as if he were happy : Though while he lived , he blessed his soule ; and men will praise thee when thou dost well to thy self ; that is , when thou takest a life of it while thou mayest have it ; yet he and they are altogether deceived . 4. The ungodly at their death shal go the way the ungodly went before them , to the place of darkness and disconsolation , being separate from God and his Saints , and from all blessedness , and shal never have comfort in their miserable estate for ever ; He shall go to the generation of his fathers : and what shal become of such wretches ? They shall never see light ; that is , they shal never see the meanest appearance of any joy or comfort . 5. It is not honour , but want of understanding , want of saving faith and wisdome , to provide for eternal life , that puts man down from his excellency , and debarreth him from blessedness ; Man that is in honor , and understaneth not , is the man here set at nought , and declared to be farre from true blessedness . 6. Whatsoever natural excellency be in man above the beasts ; yet sin hath put him so far down , that except he get saving knowledge of God , and be reconciled to him , he is in no better condition , at least when he dieth , then a beast ; Man that is in honour , and understandeth not , is like the beast that perisheth . PSAL. L. This Psalme is a citing of the visible Church before God , the Judg of all the earth , ( who at last shal judg all flesh in the day of judgment , and shall take vengeance on the wicked , ) to compeare before the tribunal of God ; now in time while mercy may be had , and now then timeously to consider the Lords controversie against the sinners in his Church , that they may repent and he saved . And first , the dreadfulness of the judgment is set downe , v. 1 , 2 , 3. Secondly the citation of the partie , that is , the visible Church , with the witnesses , v. 4 , 5.6 . Thirdly , there is a challenge of self-work-justisticiaries , legalists , and formal ceremonialists , who did rest upon outward good behaviour , and upon the outward discharge of the ordinances , as if the sacrifices of the law or any performance of extetnal duties had been sufficient to expiate sin , and justifie a man , v. 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13. Fourthly , there is a direction unto them how to come off their legal righteousness , and carnal way of worship , and to turn themselvs to the right way of worshipping God in spirit and truth , v· 14 , 15. Fifthly , there is a challenge of those who were grosly wicked , v. 16 , 17 , 18 , 19.20 , 21. And lastly , there is a direction also to them to repent , and to give God glory in time , with an encouragement to the upright Believers to go on their way , vers . 22 , 23. Ver. 1. THe mighty God , even the Lord hath spoken , and called the earth , from the rising of the Sun , unto the going down thereof . 2. Out of Sion , the perfection of beauty , God hath shined . 3. Our God shall come , and shal not keep silence : a fire shal devour before him , and it shal be very tempestuous round about him . From the description of the terrour of the Lord coming to judg his visible Church , for the slighting of the means of salvation , and loosness of life and conversation ; Learn , 1. As the Lord is to judg the whole world one day , so in a special and most exact manner wil he judg those that draw neer to him in the profession of true Religion , as this whole Psalm holdeth forth . 2. This advantage have they who live in the visible Church , they are warned of the judgment ere it come : for , as many other places of Scripture , so this Psalm is an express warning piece to the Church to prepare for judgment . 3. The terrible process of the day of Gods severe judgment , being wel meditated upon , is a special means to waken mens consciences to take course about their sins in time , that they may be pardoned , and their persons reconciled , which is the scope of the whole doctrine delivered in this Psalm . 4. The mystery of the great and terrible day of general judgment is to be learned from the Scriptures , and express predictions thereof in Gods word : The authority , weight , certainty and efficacy whereof flowes from , and depends upon God almighty only ; The mighty God , even the Lord hath spoken . 5. God Almighty the Sovereign Judg of all the earth hath appointed , that all who ever took life , in whatsoever time or place they have lived in the world , shal compear befote his Majesty in the appointed time , The Lord hath spoken , and called the earth , from the rising of the Sun , unto the going down thereof . 6. The true visible Church where Gods ordinances are set up , as he hath appointed , where his word is purely preached , is the most beautiful thing under heaven , and there is Gods glory set forth , and manifested more clearly then in all the Lords handy work beside in heaven or earth ; Therefore is the place of the Lords Temple here so highly commended ; and Sion called the perfection of beauty , because of the glory of God sundry wayes revealed there ; Out of Sion God hath shined , saith he , in regard of the clear manifestation of his wil , specially in the matter now in hand about the day of judgment . 7. Men wil take no heed unto what the word of the Lord declareth , til the authority , supremacy , omnipotency and justice of God the Judg be apprehended by them , and the great day of his terrible judgment be looked upon as a thing which shal most certainly come to pass at the time appointed ; Therefore is it said , Our God shal come and shall not keep silence . 8. So many as are reconciled with God , and have closed uprightly with him in the Covenant of Grace , may look upon the day of judgment without terrour or perplexity ; yea , and with comfort and confident hope to find the Judg gracious to them according to the Tenour of the Covenant , even their God : Our God , saith the Prophet shall come . 9. Look how fearful and terrible the Lord did shew himself at the giving out of the Law , no less terrible shal he be in the execution thereof , in the day of judging all those whose sins shal be found not pardoned before : A fire shal devour before him , and it shall be very tempestuous about him . Ver. 4. He shall call to the heavens from above , and to the earth , that he may judge his people . 5. Gather my Saints together unto me : those that have made a Covenant with me by sacrifice . 6. And the heavens shal d●clare his righteousness : For God is judg himself . Selah . In the second place , he sets down the citation , and summoning in of officers , parties , and witnesses , to make all ready for the judging of all the world , but in special of the people who have given up their name to God , and have made a Covenant with him , and professed themselves to be his people ; who shal find all of them at last , that they have had to do with a righteous Judge . Whence learne , 1. In the great day of the last judgment , Heaven and Earth , and all the Elements shal be moved to render up all whom they have received in custody unto that day ; The Lord shall call to the Heavens from above , and to the Earth . 2. We need not to question how all the dead shal be raised , how souls shal be reunited to their bodies , how they shal all be gathered ●ogether , and how such like great things shal come to pass , 〈…〉 resolves all ; He shal call to the Heavens , and to the Earth . For as at a word all were made : so at a word , so soon as he shall cal , and give out order for compearance , the dead shall be raised , and all shall compear , good Angels , and wicked spirits , all men good and evil , young and old , every reasonable and understanding creature in heaven and earth by his almighty power shal be made quickly to present themselves ; He shall call , is sufficient to effect whatsoever he wil. 3. What shal be the course that the Judg shal follow about those who have not heard of him , or who have heard of him , and lived without the Church , is not the main matter which the Lords people should enquire for ; but this is their part to know , to wit , what concerneth themselves ; therefore doth the Lord say no more here but , Hee shal call to the heavens and to the earth , that hee may judg his people . 4. All who are in Covenant with God , every Member of the visible Church are Saints by calling ; God alloweth this stile upon them , because they are dedicated and consecrated to him , because they are all by speciall vow obliged to be Saints ; all make profession of their purpose to be such ; all do esteem of themselves , and wil have allowed unto them by others the estimation of Gods people , whatsoever be their deserving ; therefore saith he , Gather my Saints together unto me . 4 At how great a distance soever , whether of time or place , Gods people by profession have lived in this world , all of them shall be assembled to together at length to the judgment of that great day ; some to the judgment of absolution , some to the judgment of condemnation , good and bad , all shal be gathered before the Judge at once ; Gather my Saints together unto mee . 5. The Lord shal not want Officers , Serjeants , and Servants sufficient for this work , he hath Angels innumerable , who shal effect what he giveth order unto them for ; Gather yee my Saints together . 6. The external Covenant with God , is the ground of the title and honour of Saintship , and church-membership ; whosoever are in visible Covenant with God , are called by his allowance , his Saints ; for so here he doth expound whom he calleth his Saints , even all those who have made a Covenant with him by sacrifice . 7. No Covenant can be made with God without the interposing of , or professed respect unto a sacrifice , according as the Lord did teach his people in the type and shadow of the ceremonial sacrificing ; for as God by appointing a sacrifice to be offered by his people would have every Covenanter to acknowledge and profess that he was worthy to die for his sins , and that it behoved him to flie to a suretie to die for him ▪ ( even to the promised Messiah Jesus Christ , that Lamb of God which was slain from the beginning of the world , to take away the sinnes of the world ; ) and to consecrate himself wholly to Gods service ; so doth the Lord require stil the same things of every Covenanter , from every one of his people ; and whosoever do profess their accepting of the conditions of the Covenant , are called those that have made a Covenant with God by sacrifice . 8. In that general judgment , the wise framing the world , the constant course of governing of it , the appointing of the seasons of Summer & Winter , Spring time and Harvest , the making of the Sun to shine , and the rain to fal upon all , and the furnishing of all with food and good things , shal be witnesses for Gods part toward all men , and so the heavens shal declare his righteousness . 9. No man shal be injured nor suffer wrongfully that day ; yea , all men shal have wrongs done to them repaired , all rewards shal be given according as the word of the Lord hath said : For God is judg himself . Selah . Ver. 7. Hear , O my people , and I will speak , O Israel , and I wil testifie against thee : I am God , even thy God. Having now foretold his people , that there shal be certainly a great day of judging of all men , and specially of his Covenanted people ; he entereth here in a friendly manner of controversie with his visible Church or professed people , that they might repent and find mercy in time , before they were brought to a tribunal of severe justice : And first , he useth a preface directing his speech to such as were of a better outward behaviour then the worst , to wit , such as trusted in their own works , and specially in the external sacrifices and ceremonies of the Law without looking to the end and intent thereof ; as if by those external sacrifices their sins had been expiated , and God fully satisfied for them . Whence learne , 1. A people setled upon the dregs of their carnal customes , in security and presumption , cannot be moved to enter into conside●ation of their wayes , or in suspicion of their dangerous condition , except the Lord do shew himself to them , and rip up their conscience ; therefore saith he to them , Hear , O my people , and I will speake . 2. Albeit the Lord doth suffer such as are without the Church , strangers to the Covenant and Common-wealth of Israel , to lie stil in their sinnes ; yet will he debate his quarrel against his own people , which is no small mercy ; O Israel ! I will testifie against thee . 3. The Covenant made with God , joyned with his absolute Sovereignty , do lay double bonds upon Gods people for the obedience of faith , obliging them not to seek salvation otherways then he doth teach us ; but to worship and serve him as he appointeth ; for , I am God , even thy God , saith the Lord. 4. Whatsoever quarrel the Lord has against his people for not keeping Covenant made with him ; yet so long as there is hope of repentance , he will not dissolve the Covenant , but will offer the benefit thereof unto them ; for when the Lord hath said , I will testifie against thee , he addeth , I am God , even thy God , ver . 11. Ver. 8. I will not reprove thee for thy sacrifices , or thy burnt-offerings , to have been continually before me . 9. I will take no bullock out of thy house , nor he-goats out of thy folds 10. For every beast of the Forrest is mine , and the cattel upon a thousand hills . 11. I know all the fowls of the mountains , and the wilde beasts of the field are mine . 12. If I were hungry , I would not tell thee ; for the world is mine , and the fulness thereof . 13. Will I eat the flesh of bulls , or drink the blood of goats ? After the preface , the Lord passeth by the reproof for much neglect , even in the external performances of outward ordinances , and chall●●geth only their relying upon the outward work , and their putting a sort of merit upon their work , as if they minded to oblige God unto them by their outward performances . Whence learn , 1. Albeit there be just reason to challenge men for coming short of their duty in the discharge of outward ordinances ; yet when that is not the main fault , or when the mending of that fault will not satisfie God , he will wave that challenge for the present , and fasten upon their chief sins , I will not reprove thee for thy sacrifices , or thy burnt-offerings which should have been continually before me . 2. As men are ordinarily little sensible of their omissions of duties , so are they ready to overvalue their outward performances , and to think that what they do in this kind shall be very acceptable to God , as the carnal Israelites here challenged , did conceive their bullocks and goats out of their houses or folds should have been esteemed by God of as much worth , as they who offered them did put upon them . 3. That which is most esteemed of by men , without allowance of God , is abomination to God : such were the external sacrifices of carnal Israelities , who rested upon the offering of external sacrifices , without looking to that only true sacrifice of the Mediator represented thereby : I will take no bullock out of thy house , nor he-goat out of thy fold . 4. It is a disease of foolish man , to think with himself that God is obliged to him when he offereth unto God any part of his goods , when in the mean time a man hath nothing but what God hath given unto him , and which is the Lords by primitive right ; Every beast of the forrest is mine , and the cattel upon a thousand hills . 5. Albeit all men profess that they acknowledge God to be owner of all the creatures , because he hath made them all ; yet their practice many ways doth bewray their heart-ignorance in this point , and that they have need to be taught this lesson from God , I know all the fowls of the mountains , and the wild beasts of the field are mine . 6. Unrenewed men cannot chuse but have gross co nceptions of God , and to think of him after their own fancy , as the carnal Israelites conceived that a fat sacrifice was as acceptable to God , as a fat dinner was to themselves ; but God is not like man , and standeth in no need of supply from man or from any of the creatures ; all of them have their being and dependance on God , to dispose of them , and bestow them ●n whom he will at his pleasure , He is not hungry ; and put the case he had a minde to serve himself of any of the creatures , yet he needs not employ man for that effect ; for , The earth is the Lords and the fulness thereof . 7. The Lord disdaineth the fleshly conceits which men have to satisfie his justice for their sins by any thing that man can offer unto him , as imaginations unbeseeming a reasonable man ; Will I eat the flesh of bulls , or drink the blood of goats ? Ver. 14. Offer unto God thanksgiving , and pay thy vows unto the most High. 15. And call upon me in the day of trouble , I will deliver thee , and thou shalt glorifie me . In the third place , he exhorteth them to forsake this carnal way of seeking salvation , and setteth them upon the right course of true blessedness and spiritual service . Whence learn , 1. The way of salvation and of Gods worship is spiritual , and may possibly be resembled and furthered by external bodily exercises , but does not stand on things external ; and to speak it more particularly , God will have the man whose person and service he will accept , to be sensible of his own want of every good thing , and inability to furnish to himself any thing which he lacketh , and to acknowledge God only to be the all-sufficient fountain of grace and of every good donation , and to seek what he hath need of from God , and to depend upon his grace when he hath sought it , and to return the praise of Gods free and gracious gift unto him when he hath received it ; for all this is presupposed & imported in this offering of thanks , Offer unto God thanksgiving ; to wit , for every point and passage of his undeserved favour : and this he calleth for , because this offering of the sacrifice of praise and thanks , was more acceptable to God then their Ceremonial sacrifices of slain beasts . 2. God will have the man , whose person and service he will accept , to make conscience of all his lawful vowes made unto God , in special of his Covenant-vow made for giving God the obedience of faith all the days of his life , which vow true worshippers use upon sundry occasions solemnly to renew : Offer unto God thanksgiving , and pay thy vows unto the most high God. 3. Were a man never so faithful and upright in the Lords service , yet he is not exempted from trouble , for reasons concerning Gods glory , good of the person troubled , and benefit of others ; this the Lord holdeth forth in preparing their mindes , by making mention unto believers of a day of trouble . 4. Among other ends of the Lords sending trouble , this is one , to make the believer in the sense of his need to make use of his Covenant with God , and by faith to draw neer to him in prayer for help and relief in due time , Call upon me in the day of thy trouble . 5. The true believer and depender upon the sure and rich grace of God , cannot possibly fall in any trouble out of which he shall not be delivered , but whatsoever evil come , he may ( by praying to God ) yea he shal be delivered , Call upon me in the day of trouble , I will deliver thee . What more absolute promise can be made to a believing supplicant ? 6. A believing supplicant shall not only be graciously answered to his petition , and so have cause of praising God ; but also shall have grace in effect to praise God , And thou shalt glorifie me . Vers. 16. But unto the wicked , God saith , What hast thou to do to declare my statutes , or that thou shouldest take my Covenant in thy mouth , 17. Seeing thou hatest instruction , and castest my words behinde thee ? 18. When thou sawest a thief , then thou consentedst with him , and hast been partaker with the adulterers . 19. Thou givest thy mouth to evil , and thy tongue frameth deceit . 20. Thou sittest and speakest against thy brother : thou slanderest thine own mothers son . 21. These things hast thou done , and I kept silence : thou thoughtest that I was altogether such a one as thy self : but I will reprove thee , and set them in order before thine eyes . In the fourth place , the Lord pleadeth mercifully with the gross sinner and scandulous liver , for abusing this priviledge of the Covenant by his lewd conversation and secure Atheisme , that he being convinced of his sin , might repent , and eschew the wrath which is to come . Whence learn , 1. To such as profess Religion , and observe the outward ordinances thereof , and do not live scandalously ; the Lord howsoever he lets them know he is not well pleased with their way , yet he doth speak unto them more mildly , because it is possible some beloved Laodiceans , young and unskilful true converts may be guilty of no small measure of dead formality ; but to such as live in gross scandalous sins , the Lord speaketh more roughly , calling them by the name of wicked ; But unto the wicked God saith . 2. Such is the deceivableness of sin , and the deceit of the heart , and the power of Satan upon secure sinners , that they can without remorse of conscience profess the true Religion , pretend to a Covenant with God , and yet live loosly as Pagans or Atheists : They take Gods Covenant in their mouth , and mean time do hate instruction , and cast Gods words behind them . 3. Such as by their lewd conversation do give an open affront to their Religion , are so detestable to God , that he accompteth them wicked haters of reformation , contemners of Scripture , disgracers of their holy profession , and such as he wil take no Religious service of their hand : Unto the wicked God saith , what hast thou to do to declare my statutes , or that thou shouldst take my Covenant in thy mouth , seeing thou hatest instruction , and castest my words behinde thee ? 4. Albeit men do profane the Covenant , and deserve to be thrust out of it as unworthy to have the benefit of it , or to be suffered any more to profess it ; yet God wil not give up with them hastily , but wil after a friendly manner declare to them their sin and misdeserving , that their conscience may be moved towards repentance ; What hast thou to do to take my Covenant in thy mouth , seeing thou hatest instruction ? 5. The man that casteth Gods word behind him , cannot chuse but serve a worse master , and be made slave to his lusts , and be led away to every sin , as tentation doth lead him ; he wil not stand to be a greedy thief , and a filthy adulterer , ver . 18. and to loose his tongue to all the evils whereunto the tongue can serve , ver . 19. yea and to become unnatural to those with whom he is bound in nearest bonds of blood , ver . 20. 6. Such is the Lords patience , that he doth oft-times endure very long horrible provocations of those that are in outward Covenant with him , in that by his long-suffering he may lead them to repentance : These things thou didst , and I kept silence . 7. When men do not profit by the means which should lead them to repentance , they grow worse for the means , more secure and hardened in their ill wayes , and more godless in all respects : Thou thoughtest I was altogether such a one as thy self . 8. Such as live a loose life with a profession of Religion under the shining light of Gods word , do not keep their consciences quiet , otherwaies then by transforming God into an idol after their own fancy , and by feigning him to be what he is not , and not to be what he declareth himself to be ; Thou thoughtest that I was altogether such a one as thy self ; that is to say , No more displeased with thy wayes then thou thy selfe was . 9. Although the Lord keep silence for a time , yet he wil at length let the sinner know by his word and rods , how displeased he is at sin : But I wil reprove thee , saith the Lord. 10. Sins forgotten cast behind back , and cast together in confusion by the secure sinner , shal in the day of Gods reckoning be brought to remembrance with time , place , and other circumstances , and so presented to the conscience , as the sinner shal not be able to look aside from his fearful accusation and ditty , I will set them in order before thine eyes . Ver. 22. Now consider this , ye that forget God , lest I tear you in pieces , and there be none to deliver . 23. Whoso offereth praise , glorifieth me : and to him that ordereth his conversation aright , will I shew the salvation of God. In the last place , the Lord being lo●th to dissolve the Covenant , or to destroy those that are in the visible Church , how wicked soever , exhorteth them to repentance while it is time , before he cast them off utterly , and so sheweth them the way of returning hom● to him , as he doth also encourage such as are sincere worshippers of him to go on . Whence learn , 1. The Lords controversie with his people , and threatning of wrath upon them , do carry much love and mercy in their bosome ; it is admirable that such offers of grace and reconciliation are made by God after so just and fearful challenges , as here we read . 2. As the affectionate remembrance of God is an aw-band to keep from sin , and a spur to all duties ; and as consideration of Gods word is a means to waken the conscience , and affect the heart with high and right thoughts of God : so the forgetting of God , and consideration of what is necessary , casts a man open to all sin , and makes way for his destruction ; Consider this , ye that forget God , lest I tear you in pieces . 3. If they who have gone far away from God , do not haste them home unto him , they are like to meet with judgement merciless , and to finde no opportunity or time granted as they could wish to repent , Consider , lest I tear you in pieces , and there be none to deliver you . 4 To set men on work to endeavour the honour of God by worshipping him in spirit , and to conforme their outward actions of the body to the rule of Gods word , is the scope of all Gods pleading with his own people ; for his controversie is closed with a direction to all , to glorifie God , and to order their conversation aright . 5. That man worshippeth God in spirit , who giveth him the praise of his justice , in acknowledging his sinnes against Gods law , and his ill deservings in the course of daily renewed repentance , and who giveth unto God the praise of his grace and mercy , in flying to the refuge set before him in the Gospel , in the course of daily renewed acts of faith in Christ ▪ and he who giveth God the praise of his holiness in studying daily to mortifie the lusts of the flesh by his Spirit , and to be renewed in his minde and affections ; and in a word , he who in his heart and affections studieth to give God the honour of all his attributes , titles , or name , by whatsoever occasion manifested to him : This is the worshipper of God in spirit and truth , whom the Lord by all his dealing with his people is seeking to form and gain to himself , Who so offereth praise , glorifieth me . 6. Sincere endeavour to worship God in spirit , is best seen in a mans care to conform his life and bodily actions to the rule of Gods word ; for with glorifying of God he joyneth here , ordering his conversation aright . 7. Whosoever shall set himself to be Gods servant in spirit and truth , shall finde God to be his Saviour to the uttermost , how godless soever , how vile soever he hath been ; If he shall prepare himself against the dreadfull day of Judgement , by receiving the offer of grace in Jesus Christ , with all the fulness of the salvation of God in him , and in Christs strength shall study to bring forth the fruits of his faith in a blameless conversation , he shall undoubtedly be saved : for God hath said , Whoso offereth the sacrifice of praise , glorifies me , and to him who ordereth his conversation aright , will I shew the salvation of God. Amen , Amen . FINIS .