A commentary on the Canticles or the Song of Salomon wherein the text is analised, the native signification of the words declared, the allegories explained, and the order of the times whereunto they relate observed / by Thomas Brightman ; unto which is added brief notes out of severall expositors of the Revelation touching the rising and fall, progresse and finall destruction of the enemies of the church with some other observations out of divers writers. Brightman, Thomas, 1562-1607. 1644 Approx. 313 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 60 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2007-10 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A29507 Wing B4681 ESTC R19776 13572179 ocm 13572179 100380 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A29507) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 100380) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 836:25) A commentary on the Canticles or the Song of Salomon wherein the text is analised, the native signification of the words declared, the allegories explained, and the order of the times whereunto they relate observed / by Thomas Brightman ; unto which is added brief notes out of severall expositors of the Revelation touching the rising and fall, progresse and finall destruction of the enemies of the church with some other observations out of divers writers. Brightman, Thomas, 1562-1607. [8], 979-1088 p. Printed by Iohn Field for Henry Overton, London : 1644. 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Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng Bible. -- O.T. -- Song of Solomon -- Commentaries. 2006-01 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2006-01 Apex CoVantage Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2007-01 Ali Jakobson Sampled and proofread 2007-01 Ali Jakobson Text and markup reviewed and edited 2007-02 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion A COMMENTARY ON THE CANTICLES OR THE SONG of SALOMON . VVherein the Text is Analised , the Native signification of the Words Declared , the Allegories Explained , and the Order of times whereunto they relate Observed . By THOMAS BRIGHTMAN . Unto which is added brief notes out of severall Expositors of the Revelation , touching the rising and fall , progresse and finall destruction , of the Enemies of the Church ; with some other Observances out of divers Writers . LONDON , Printed by Iohn Field , for Henry Overton , in Popes-head-Alley . 1644. TO THE READER . THat which the Queen of Sheba once affirmed before Salomon , is very true ; The Instruments of Gods blessings are the arguments of his love : whence it is apparent that God did wonderfully declare his tender love to the Church upon earth , in continually raising famous men , who like burning lights in golden Candlestickes , did shine forth to the honour and glory of his Sanctuary . And as no age ( since the Apostles time ) hath been so glorious for the light of truth , and the abundance of lights as the present , so I hope ( without prejudice to any ) our Brightman of blessed memory , for names sake , may deservedly finde a place among those that were most famous in this kinde ; for truely whilst he lived he was , as Christ said of Iohn Baptist , A burning and a shining light . He was famous in Preaching , and for his conversation making himself an example to the Church , by practising what he Preached , living according to the rule of his Doctrine . Yea and that which is wonderfull , this light of ours being extinct , still shines brightly , for what else is his Apocalyps of the Apocalyps , but a Light shining in darke places ? for surely so mysterious is that parcell of Scripture , that it is not to be interpreted by wit , but by the Spirit of Divination . But our Brightman hath made such plaine interpretation thereof , that thou mayest easily behold the great mystery of Iniquity of the Beast of Rome , as also Gods great mercy in calling the Jewes . And although many learned men have ( to their glory ) ●●ent their whole time in the interpreting this part of Scripture ; yet this our Author hath interpreted this and other most difficult places ; witnesse the Song of Solomon , and the latter part of the Prophecie of Daniel . Concerning the Song of Solomon , the Law of the Jewes is very well knowne by which young men under the age of thirty ( before which time they did not enter into the Priest-hood ) were interdicted to reade it , le●t those things which were mystically set forth , should by the swaying of their passions , be enterpreted in the worst sense . But our Brightman amongst others that have deserved well in this also ▪ expresses every word spiritually , whereby thou mayest receive Divine and heavenly pleasures . All things are expounded with great labour , and applyed with great Judgement ; insomuch , that in this new path , you may walk in the foote-steps of the Spouse , Jesu Christ : or as the Jewes call it , enter the Sanctum Sanctorum . The manner of his handling this Scripture , especially in the application , is universall ; for he held this prophecie to be wonderfully difficult , whence it is no marvell , if some doubt whether he did attain to the genuine interpretation of the Song : but since the diffiulty of the Allegory hath occasioned such variance amongst the Interpreters , that it may almost be said ; as many men , so many mindes : I hope it will not be distastefull to the Church of Christ , that the labours of this her godly sonne are published in Print , whereby the Reader may perceive the Authors great knowledge in this mysterie : hee doth acknowledge a marriage beween Christ and his Church ; but in this he differs from the rest of the Interpreters , that what they conclude to be always , he restrains to certain times . I confesse , he that for sakes the ancient opinions of learned and godly men , and propounds to himself a new way , in which he walketh all alone , may ( in good manners ) be thought to erre ; but because sometimes he that readeth understandeth that , which the Prophets themselves which Prophesied it did not know , and because our Brightman , for his singular meeknesse , humility , and godlinesse , was thought by them amongst whom he lived and had to do , to be free from all manner of affectation of Noveltie ; as also because he is not singular in his manner of interpreting : for amongst the Hebre●es , Aben Ezr● conceives the mysterie from Abraham to the Messias , to be here set forth ; And some amongst us from the Messias to the Churches freedome under Constantine : And in this they all agree , that some things are particularly to be applied . And lastly , because our Author doth not desire credence in any thing , but where it may be grounded upon a sure foundation , therefore feare not , try all things , and hold fast that which is good ; The spirits of the Prophets are subject to the Prophets . But admit this Propheticall and particular application doth not please you ; yet to behold the whole condition of the Church from the time of David , till time shall be no more ; and this set forth in a short and easie table , cannot choose but be both profitable and delightfull unto thee . Reader , I thought good to premise these things for thy sake , and for the Authors praise ; ( at which I chiefly aim ) much more might be spoken , but read the Author , who in the Explication of the first verse , doth by way of Pro●m● , admirably set forth the authority , excellency and use of this Song of Songs . By the way , I pray take this caution , if you once enter the Portall , come not back untill you have surveyed the whole building , the curiosity of whose structure , surpasses my expression . Let God so shine upon us with the light of his Countenance , that there may alwayes be a Brightman in Britaine , to the setting forth of the glory of God in his Sonne Jesus Christ : Farewell . A Table of the whole book of CANTICLES . The parts of the Song Inscription , v. 1. A song of the Church Legall Before the Captivity . v. 1. In Captivity , cap. 2. ad v. 15. After to Ch●ist — his birth ad cap. 3. 6. his death ad cap. 4. 6. Evangelicall Begun ad cap. 4. 6. Finished , and this In its parts , that is , in its Former Age , pure obscure cap. 5. with a mist with darkenesse restored ad cap. 6. 9. Latter Age , its Prince borne . growne up . Inferiours first , cap. 8. 5. 6. 7. second , cap. 8. 8. 9. 10. In the whole , cap. 8. 11 , 12 , 13 , 14. A Propheticall Exposition of the whole Booke of the CANTICLES . CHAP. I. 1 LET him kisse mee with the kisses of his mouth : for thy love is better than wine . 2 Because of the favour of thy good oyntments , thy name is as an oyntment powred out : therefore the virgins love thee ▪ 3 Draw me , we will run after thee : the king hath brought me into his chambers : we will rejoyce and be glad in thee : we will remember thy love more than wine : the righteous do love thee . 4 I am black , O daughters of Ierusalem , but comely , as the tents of Kedar , and as the curtaines of Salomon . 5 Regard ye me not because I am black : for the sunne hath looked upon me . The sons of my mother were angry against me : they made me the keeper of the vines : but I kept not mine own vine . 6 Shew me , O thou whom my soule loveth , where thou feedest , where thou lyest at noone : for why should I be as she that turneth aside to the flockes of thy companions ? 7 If thou know not , O thou the fairest among women , get thee forth by the steps of the flocke , and feed thy kids by the tents of the shepherds . 8 I have compared thee , O my love , to the troope of Horses in the chariots of Pharaoh . 9 Thy cheekes are comely with rowes of stones , and thy necke with chaines . 10 We will make thee borders of gold with studs of silver ▪ 11 Whiles the king was at his repast , my spikenard gave the smell thereof . 12 My welbeloved is as a bundle of myrrhe unto me : he shall lye between my breasts . 13 My welbeloved is as a cluster of camphire unto me , in the vines of Engedi . 14 My love , behold , thou art faire , behold , thou art faire : thine eyes are like the doves . 15 My welbeloved , behold , thou art faire and pleasant ▪ also our bed is greene : 16 The beames of our house are cedars , our rafters are of Firre . A Prayer . O Mercifull Father in Iesus Christ , I 〈◊〉 th●e 〈◊〉 thy holy Spirit for a guide unto me , to 〈…〉 these thy ●idden Mysteries . All the knowledge of 〈…〉 is exceeding delightfull and pleasant : yea that which stands before the door , and offereth it self freely to every one : how delicious then is that which thou hast layd up in the inward treasuries , shut up with so many lockes and bolts , that no mortall man can breake through unto it , but he to whom thou wilt vouch●a●e an entrance for thine onely sons sake . Be present , I beseech thee , & thou which hast poured forth fiery tongues in times past upon thy servants , grant that I may understand the language of the Bridegroome and of the Bride , and may declare their speech pu ely and holily to thy servants ; to the glory of thy Name , and the edifying of thine Elect , through our Lord and Saviour Iesus Christ . Amen . The Analysis , or Resolution . THe Authority of this Song is declared by the Inscrittion . Then he prosecuteth is purpose in verse , which is wholy imployed in describing 〈◊〉 condition of the Church , aswell as it was Legall , from the time of David to the death of Christ , in the 3 ▪ first chapters , and to the 6. verse of the 4. chapter . As also , as it is Evangelicall unto the second comming of Christ to the end of the book . The Legall Church is set forth in a divers fortune , which for plainnesse ●ake we divide into 3 times . First what it should be till the Captivitie , in the whole first Chapter , and the 2. first verses of the second . Secondly , what in the Captivity it self , to the 15. verse of the same Chapter . And lastly , what i● should be afterward to its last abrogation or dissolvi●g , which reacheth to the 6. verse of the 4. chapter . Before the Captivitie , beginning at his Father David , he sheweth what condition that enjoyed under him , verse 1. 2. afterwards under himselfe , vers . 3. And from thence what it should be under his sonne Rehoboam , to the 9. verse : under Abija and Asa , vers . 9 , 10 , 11. under Iehosaphat , vers . 12. under Iehoram , Ahazia , Ioash , Amaziah , Huzijah , Iotham , and Ahaz , verse 13. under Hezechia , verse 14. under Manasses and Iosias , verse 15. and 16. THE EXPOSITION . Vers . 1. Let him kisse me with the kisses of his mo●th , for thy love is better then wine . THis Prophesie following agreeth well neere in all things with that of Saint Iohn in the Revelation . They fore-shew the same events in the like times . And either of them directeth his course to the same marke . They differ so much in beginnings as Salomon exceeded John in age . They also follow somewhat , a divers manner of handling it . John setteth forth the strifes and battells of the Church more at large , and exactly painteth out her enemies with a greater caution or heed taking . But this Propheticall Paranymph ( or marriage maker ) toucheth these things more sparingly , desirous onely to set forth the joyfull events of the Church , he scarcely mentioneth at all any accidents , whereby this nuptiall song might be disturbed : or at least so seasoning her troubles , that much pleasure may alwayes appeare in them . But first let us weigh the words , then let us see the Application : Kisses are sometimes taken for saire , milde , and pleasant words , as chidings and brawlings are compared to wounds , as Salomon saith , Prov. 27. 6. The wounds of a lover are more faithfull then the flattering kisses of an enemie . The Church then desireth to be instructed with the words of her Bridegroome , which she calleth Kisses , as the most assured pledges of the Bridegroomes love ; neither can any thing be compared with this love ; therefore she preferreth it before wine , which is chiefely esteemed among those things which taste most pleasantly : for the comparisons of this song are taken from such things which do chiefely tickle up the sences : because our infirmity is such , that we commonly feele no greater pleasure in this life , then in those things which pertaine to these inferior sences . This is the sum : the company of the faithfull doe chiefely desire to be altogether over-whelmed in a most familiar conversation with Christ , and to be most plentifully instructed with the words of his mouth : which they confirme to be the great●st pleasure that can be . Now for the Application . Solomon beginneth from the Church of his time , and sheweth the face of it as it was in the Raigne of his Father David , in this and the next verse . Christ then by the mouth of David ( bearing his Type ) kissed the Church , instructing it with most sweete Odes , Psalmes and Songs , wherein that time was most excellent above all others . David is called the sweete singer of Israel by the Testimony of the Spirit , 2 Sam. 23. 1. Whereof the booke of Psalmes is a plentifull witnesse . Solomon also composed 1005. songs , but very few of them are recorded in the Sacred Treasury . The Prophets , which were many then ▪ and at other times , did chide very often ; but not kisse : They reproved sins , they thundred out Judgements , they terrified with threatnings : whereas this sweet singer of Israel , powred out almost nothing but prayers , thanksgivings , promises and Exhortations : worthily were these the times of kissing and imbracing ▪ chiefly , if ye adde all that care and diligence , which hee applied to ordaine the worship of God most fitly , 1. Chro. 23. &c. With these kisses , which even burned with love of the divine word and of all pietie , the people had then no lesse desire to be imbraced ( if ever at any time . ) David rejoyced , when they said unto him , Let us go into the house of the Lord. And seeing the readinesse of the people , preferring the worship of God before all Wine , Psal . 122. 1. The King himself likewise in the sweetnes●e of singing ( a figure of the Bridegroom , ) with diligence and desire of Religion , ( one of the company of the faithfull ) did not he desire one thing of the Lord , that he might dvvell in the house of the Lord all the dayes of his life ? Psal . 27. 4. He manifestly confirmeth the Law of the mouth of God , to be betteer to him ▪ then many thousands of Gold and silver . And his judgements to be sweeter then hony to his mouth , Psal . 119. 72. 103. Vers . 2. Because of the savour of thy good ointments , thy name is as an oyntment poured out , Therefore the virgins love thee . Here , with an elegant Periphrasis , is set forth the consi●eration of the name of the Bridegroom , from the effects : whose force is weak●ed by the similitude ▪ For the sence is , Thy name is an oyntment poured out , very well answering to the smell of thy oyntments . Oyntments signifie the gifts of the spirit ; and the smell of these gifts , is that fruit and sweetnesse , which is received by the Communication of them . Now whereas the Church publisheth the oyntments of the Bridegroome , it properly pertaineth unto Christ , which is a most replenished treasury of the inf●nitn●sse of all graces . Yet it is not to be doubted , but here together with Christ , David his type may also be beholden , who being repleni●hed with great abunda●ce of most divine graces , breathed out their sweetnesse to Gods people which he governed . He was a man after Gods own hear . , by whose example the Kings following are commended . He was ordain●d to be the a●nointed of the God of ●acob , 2. Sam. 23. 1. God annointing him with his holy oyl , Psal . 89 21. Neither was it without cause , ●hat he was three times anointed . First privatly by Samuel , secondly by his own Tribe , thirdly by all Israel : whereas the other Kings were only anoynted but once . Whence that name is worthily given him , Psal . 2. 2. The Kings of the earth stand up , and the rul●rs take counsell together , against the Lord , and against his anointed . Wherefore , in these words Solomon de●l●reth the happinesse of those times , which had a King so well furnished with all the gifts of the spir●t . The virgins are the citizens of the Church , that people of God , which obeyed his government , who therfore loved his Ki●g exce●dingly , because they saw him anoynted of God , and enr●●hed with sucn notable and excellent gifts . The love of the virgins first shewed it self , when Saul persecuted David , ●econdly in his two yee●s wars with Ishbosheth , and thirdly in Absolons conspiracie , when the true citizens divinely smelling the Odour of the annointed King , could not be terrified by any dangers , from ●leaving to him with firme minde● . So short , but lively , is the image of the Church in Davids raigne . Notable in kisses : In the figurative M●ssias : In the peoples desire of those kisses , and the love of the virgins in the true Subjects , a most happy Kingdom wherein these four reigned . Vers . 3. Draw me , we will run after thee ▪ The King hath bro●ght me into his Chambers : we will reioyce and be glad in thee : we will remember thy love more then wine : the righteous do love thee . In this one little verse , Solomon intreateth of the Church during his raigne , whose whole condition is divided into sixe members . First , the King drawing by his example , and the spirit working together in the faithfull . The first authority of his raigne began with the published meeting at Gibeon , 2. Chro. 1. 2. Of what force was this attraction ? There followed most calme peace , such abundance of wealth as no where the like : wisedome almost more then mortall . Glory which amazed all other Kings : and ( which exceeded all ) a beholding next unto God. These were enough to have drawn the most unwilling . But the people followed willingly : We will run ( say they ) after thee . Secondly here is taught , that the people drawn by the Kings example , do flie with a swift course : He commanded the meeting at Gibeon : they flocked thither in great troopes , 1 Chro. 1. 13. Thirdly , the chamber , whereinto the Bride is brought : was that most magnificent Temple built by Solomon . This house is the inner chamber ; nay rather the couch and Bed ( as it is afterward called ) wherein the Bridegroom converseth with the Bride most familiarly : whither Solomon brought the Church , when for her sake he built and adorned it so beautifully ; and especially by drawing the people into the Temple , on the day wherein he dedicated the house , going before them with sacrifices , prayer and thanksgiving , as 1. Kings 8. through the whole chapter . Fourthly and fiftly is declared , how joyfull all the people were of those things , so happily begun and continued for many yeers . Lastly he saith , the upright love thee . But why doth he mention the upright , as though there were any in those times whose hearts were not sincere and sound ? verily he seemeth by these words to passe over privily those blessed times to a sorrowfull falling away . We know how grievously Solomon fell in the last yeers of his reigne , by bringing in strange wives , 1. King. 11. His heart was not found towards the Lord , but he followed Ashtaroth and M●lcom , and built an high place for Chemosh and Molech . But did not many of his flattering courtiers run before , whither they saw the King ready to decline ? But the faithfull and upright in heart , remained firm in the truth , howsoever destitute of the Kings authority . Here then we may behold the beginning and middle of his raigne very pleasant . The King leading , the people following , The Temple built m●st magnificently , the great mirth and rejoycing of all m●n . But the most part in the end were defiled , yet ▪ the love of the upright was constant , though many fell away to Idolatrie . Vers . 4. I am black , but comely ( O ye daughters of Jerusalem ) as the Tents of Kedar : as the Curtains of Solomon . Having spoken before of the flourishing est●te of the Church : now the withering age followeth , which is wholly propheticall , and so are all the rest which follow . Brightnesse and light are tokens of mirth and gladnes , and are so used in the Scriptures . Black and darknesse are applied to griefe and mourning . And truely there hapned mournfull times presently ●fter Solomon , when his son Rehoboam by an undiscreet answer , drave ten Tribes from the Church . No marvell then if she mourned in black : a matter so full of offence , that it might make the strongest to stagger , and the weak to fall altogether : wherefore least any should split his ship against this Rock , the whole rage of that time , is not described in a word , as before , but in full five verses . He beginneth at the falling away of the Tribes , where a great alteration hapned , aswell in the Church as in the Kingdome . The Church affairs are first declared briefly in this verse , afterward severally in the 6 , 7. and 8. verses . The state of the Kingdome in the 9. verse . As concerning the briefe explication . The Church confesseth her self made brown and black by the losse of her children , and much of her former beautie ; The two similitude● in the end seem to agree with the two distinct members in the beginning of the verse , I am black as the Tents of Ked●r : but co●ely as the Curtains of Solomon . The Kedarens are Arabians , living i● hair-cloth Tents , made of Goates hair . Solinus , chap. 45. which they carried with them whither they would . Pliny . lib. 6. chap. 28. But the curtains of Solomon were such as did not only exceed the Kedaren haircloth by almost infinit● degrees , but also they had a setled abode ; whence the Jews figur●●ively used them for every part of the house , as with Ieremiah , chap. 4 20. Suddenly are my Tents spoiled , and my curtains in a moment . This also sheweth that he wrote this song after his repentance : for i● he had known these things before his fall , A prophet needed not to have been sent to admonish him of renting the Kingdom from hi●● , and giving it to his servant , 1. Kings 11. 11. Vers . 5. Look not upon me because I am black , because the sunn●●ath looked ●pon me : my mothers children were angry vvith me ; They made me the keeper of the vineyards : but mine ovvn vineyard have I ●ot kept . In this verse is a speciall description of the two Tribes , as there is of the other , and in the two verses following ▪ In this verse in the first words , he preventeth the contempt which might be objected ▪ and then sheweth the causes of her calamitie . Look not upon me ( saith she ) that is to say , behold me not disdainfully ; which words do not only command but also foretell in what e●timation she should be among her own people . The causes are three ; first the principall : bec●use the Sun hath looked upon me , that is , heaven hath inflicted this calamity on me , as God hath threatned it before , 1 Kings 11. 11. 30. & 31. And Rehoboam regarding not the hand that smote him heareth of Shemaiah , Thus saith the Lord , this thing is from me , 1 Kings 12. 24. The wrath of God is here very well described by the heat of the the sunne . Secondly , the in●trumentall cause , My mothers children , ( not only by kindred , but also by Religion ) being grievously offended at me , have broken off their former conjunction with me , and consulting privately by themselves , are altogether separated from mine acquaintance . See the History , 1 Kings 12. 16. &c. The third cause giveth occasion to the former causes , They made me the keeper of the vineyards , but mine o●n vineyard have I not kept , do you ask the cause , why God and her brethren were so offended ? Thus it was . The chiefe authority deferred to the Tribe of Iuda , both by Gods decree , and the consent of their brethren , was ill administred by her : The Lords vineyard was committed to her to be kept : For ●e despised the tent of Joseph , and chose not the Tribe of Ephraim , but chose the Tribe of Iuda , even mount Sion whom he loved , Psal . 78. 67. 68. yet through Solomons Idolatry , and defiling Gods worship ( by the just judgement of God ) the other Tribes were offended at Iuda , and by separating themselves made the Church deformed and polluted . Vers . 6. Tell me ( O thou whom my soule loveth ) where thou feedest , where thou makest thy flock to rest at Noon : for why should I be as one that is vailed by the fl●cks of thy companions ? Having spoken of the state of Religion in the two Tribes , how , and for what cause they were afflicted ; Now he speaks of the scattered reliques in the other ten . This verse containeth a question of the beloved , and the next , the Lovers answer . This hath a petition in the first part , and an inquiry in the rest : The Petition sheweth the great care of the godly ; their minds were inwardly inflamed with his love , though hee were out of their fight . They ask of him himsel● ( but whom should they ask else ) where hee is whom they seeke . They knew he was alwayes in heaven ; but not without cause they doubted where he fed and folded his flock on earth . They saw their brethren falne away from Iudah ; yet they knew there was neither God , nor Priesthood , nor Law in Israel , 2 Chr. 25. 3. The question is , Why should I be as one that is covered among the flocks of thy companions ? A woman veyled or covered , is taken for a Whore , as Gen. 38. 14. Their manner was to cover themselves : It is also much used in mourning ; as the Leaper was commanded , Lev. 13. 45. and Mich. 3. 7. It signifieth in this place , as if he should say , Why should I be like a woman , pining my self with grief and sorrow , in beholding the wiked Idolatry of the Israelites ? Why should I live among these Idolaters ? Where I am inforced to hide and cover my self , not daring to speak what I think ? It is to be observed , that the seducers of the people , are called his fellowes : not by a true name , but by reason of their ambition , wherby they boasted to be equall to the high Shepheard , and carryed themselves as his fellowes . For the ten Tribes had forsaken the true God , and coyned a new Religon at their pleasure , as yet they had the same right which the chief Shepheard had , to make lawes for their flocks , how God should be worshipped of them . As the Pope now boasteth to be Christs fellow , making new Religions , with punishment inflicted on those which observe them not . Such was the pride of Ieroboam and the other Israelites , who would be fellowes with him , to whom all are servants . Vers . 7. If thou know not ( O thou fairest among women ) goe thy way forth by the footsteps of thy flocke , and feed thy Kids beside the Shepheards Tents . This is the answer of the Bridegroom , comforting his beloved in her grief ; who ( whilest she , which was defiled with such deformity ) was adjudged by him to be the fairest of women , and to excell all other congregations in the world . For although these reliques lurked here and there in the Kingdome of Ieroboam , yet made they but one Church with the two Tribes . Then he shewes her the path where shee should go , and with his finger pointeth to the pastures where he rested whom she sought . The flocke are the two Tribes , among whom the Church was more apparant ; the Kids are the scattered reliques of the Israelites . When he appointeth them pasture besides the Shepheards Tents , hee bids them goe into Iudea , and worship the Lord , after the institution of the true Priests . Vers . 8. I have compared thee ( O my Love ) to my Mare , or to my Troope of horses in Pharaohs Chariots . This comparing of his Love to a Mare , may seem a grosse similitude to distressed Lovers , but to the Counsell of the Spirit most sweet and Divine . We have seen in what case Religion was , aswell among the two Tribes , as among the dispersed reliques . This one verse toucheth the Civill state , what can be more servile , then to be joyned like a Horse to a Chariot , to draw therein at the Drivers pleasure , and against thy will to endure the Harnesse , the Bridle and the Whip ? Such was the condition of that Kingdome , by whose aid and succour his Love was protected . For in the fifth yeer of the reign of Rehoboam , when they had a little breathed after their former troubles , Shishak the king of Egypt made war upon them , having twelve hundred Chariots , and a very great Hoste . He took many fenced Cities , and had proceeded to the utter wasting of the Land , had not the Lord at the length pitied them , and turned away the rage of his wrath from Jerusalem , so that he would not utterly destroy it , but only bring it in bondage to the Egyptians . As he saith by the Prophet Shemaiah , 2 Chron. 12. 8 , 9. Neverthelesse , they shall be his servants , that they may know my service , and the service of the Kingdomes of the countries . This Shishak entring into the City , took away the treasures of the House of the Lord , and the treasures of the Kings house : he carried away also the shields of Gold which Salomon had made . Behold the Church now like a Mare in the Chariots of Pharaoh . The drawing Mare betokeneth servitude : The Chariot , that they should be compelled unto it by war. Pharaoh ( by a common name ) the King whom they should serve , how brief and plain it is described ? yet , lest the Saints should faint altogether under the weight of such calamity , their comfort is , that he calleth her his Mare , as if he should say , although I deliver thee over to Shishak , yet understand , I have a care of thee . I do challenge thee for mine own , and thou shalt be safe under my protection . Note that hee , whom the holy Scripture calleth Shishak , is called by prophane Writers Steroosis : And hee joyned Kings together to draw his Chariot , Diod. sic lib. 1. pag. 37. lin . 23. Vers . 9. Thy cheeks are comely with Turtles , or withrows of Jewels , Thy neck with chaines of Gold. Wee heard in the Analysis , that this , and the two next verses , did belong to the Kingdom of Abijah and Asa . Abijah ruled but a while , and therefore no great variety of matter hapned in his time : therefore that which is common to both , is delivered in the beginning of this Vers● , but that which concerneth the affaires of Asa , is afterwards set forth more at large . The Iewels like Turtles , be●oken chastity and carefulnesse : The two Cheeks are the most conspi●uous parts of the body ; these were the Tribes of Iuda and Benjamin , in whom the Church at that time was chiefly known unto men . This chastity and carefulnesse appeared first in Abijah , who making warre with Ieroboam , endeavoured with gentle speech to call back the ten Tribes from their wicked purpose , warning them of their falling away from God. There are with you ( saith he ) Golden Calves , which Ieroboam made you for gods ; but wee have the Lord our God , whom we have not forsaken ; and the Priests which minister unto the Lord , are the sonnes of Aaron , and the Levites wait upon their businesse , 2 Chro. 13. 8. 10 , &c. for although this integrity was not pure without any pollution , as appeareth , 1 King. 15. 3. yet was it Turtle-like chastity to that filthy whoredome of the Israelites : so when Abijah and the two Tribes were beset both behind and before , they cried unto to the Lord , Behold the voyce of Turtles , carefull , doubtlesse , in so great a strait , but adorned with holinesse as with Jewels ; the Lord heard them , and stroke Ieroboam , and all Jsrael before Abijah and Iudah , with a great slaughter , 2 Chron. 13. 14 , 15. So Asa beset with almost infinite hosts of Zerah the Ethiopian , called upon the Lord , in the voyce of a Turtle , saying , It is nothing for thee to help , either with many , or with them that have no power ; help us , O Lord our God , for we rest on thee , and in thy name we goe against this multitude ; O Lord , thou art our God , let not man prevaile against thee . Whereby the enemies were put to ●light , and the Church greatly inriched with their spoiles , 2 Chron. 14. 11. &c. Vers . 10. Wee will make the borders of Gold with studs of Silver . The Spirit proceedeth to shew the condition of the Church under Asa , that hee might give her yet a more comely ornament , as it is declared by the taking counsell of adorning the Spouse ; Wee will make thee ( saith he ) borders of Gold ; that is wont to be better , which is brought to passe by the conjoyned studies of many , then that which is done by one alone . Furthermore , Gold is now also added , no lesse excellent in the singular workmanship , then in the price it self , for it should be chequered with silver studs . This did openly foreshew that constrained meeting of the Kingdome by Asa ; and that consultation made by the common consent of the people , and of all orders in the fifteenth yeer of ●is reigne , of taking away all abominable gods out of the whole Land of Juda and Benjamin ; and a penal●y imposed on him that would not seek the Lord , 2 Chro. 15. 9. 10. &c. Now was order taken for adorning the spouse , not by the Kings authority alone , but by the decree of all orders . And that Reformation which was begun , in the beginning of his reigne , was now more fully grown to a ripenesse . The silver studs were that faithfull executing of the decree , whereby the Kings grand-mother Mahaka was put from her regency for her horrible idolatry . 2 Chro. 15. 16. Vers . 11. Whilest the King was at his repast , my Spik●nard gave smell thereof . Ye have heard before that the gifts of the spirit , are shadowed by oyntments : and Spikenard ( which is chief among oyntments ) rightly betokeneth the most excellent gifts . Therfore while the King sate , the spouse as it were opening a Box , perfumed all the neighbourhood , with breathing out most holy graces . But if any ask who the Prophet saith sate at this repast ? Behold King Asa , compassed with a large garland of Iewes and Israelites , in that assembly , where he made borders of gold with studs of silver , 2 Chr● . 15. 9 , 10. A covenant was made : but wh●t mirth of a banquet could be compared with this delight ? Furthermore the joy in sacrificing ( which was great at that time ) had the holy pleasure of banqueting conjoyned to it by the Law. As concerning the smell of the Spikenard : how pleasant was it to make a covenant among so many people , to worship the Lord , with all their heart , and with all their minde . Many of Ephraim , Manasses and Simeon , stirred up by the sweetnesse of this smell , clave to Asa , seeing the Lord his God to be with him , &c. As it is said , 2 Chr. 15. 9. Therfore whatsoever is spoken of the Church in the raign of A●a , is contained in these 3. little verses . Vers . 12. My w●lbeloved is as a bundle of Myrhe unto me : He shall lie between my breasts . Herein are three things signified : sweetnesse of knowledge by Myrhe : Administration of doctrine by breasts : and the quiet and continuall use thereof by lying or resting . All which concerne the times of Iehoshaphat : who besides that care of preserving the chaste and pure Religion which he had received of his father , he was also excellent in the study of teaching , sending governours and Levites , with the book of the Law to all the cities of Iuda and Benjamin , that they might teach the people , the will of God , 2 Chro. 17. 7 , 8 , 9. He also appointed Judges through all the fenced cities , and in Ierusalem , of the Levites and Priests , and elders of the families , for the judgements of the Lord , and for controversies : which Iudges were as breasts , yeelding the pleasant knowledge of Gods will. And also Iehoshaphat ( diligently labouring that each one should perform his duty holily and faithfully ) shewed a lively image of the Bridegroom , lying between the breasts of his love , 2 Chro. 19. 5 , 6. &c. This resting was only called a provocation , because that since the Kingdom was rent under Rehoboam , a grievous darknes covered the Church , howsoever it seemed more pleasant at one time then at another , yet this rest was quiet , because the fear of the Lord fell upon all the kingdoms of the lands that were round about Iuda , that they should not fight against Iehoshaphat . The Philistians also brought tribute , and the Arabians flocks , 2 Chro. 17. 10. 11. the Moabites made war against them , but were soon overcome . After which they returned to their former rest . 2 Chro. 20. 29. 30. pleasant then was that rest , which was mol●sted by no troubles . Vers . 13. My welbeloved is as a clustre of Camphire unto me , in the vines of Engedi . In these words is excellently declared what next succeeded Iehoshaphat : in the times of Iehoram , Ahazi , Joast , Amazia , Huzzia , Iotham and Ahaz , whereof some were apparently wicked , some obscurely godly ; he stayeth not to remember them all severally ( least he should thereby pollute the marriage Feast , and cause the guests to loath the banquet ) but briefly binds them up altogether in a bundle . And where he addeth in the end , in the vines of Hengadi : he teacheth , that this company should spring up in the middest of the chiefe Princes , who for their pleasant and plentifull fruit , may worthily be compared to most fruitfull vines . Now the Princes before them , were Asa and I●hoshaphat ; after , H●zekiah and Iosias , between whom this cluster of Camphire , with their berries , sprung up among the vines . Vers . 14. My love , behold thou art fair , behold thou art fair : Thine eyes are like the doves . The doubling of the words , declared her excellent beauty , especially with the Hebrews , who use it familiarly for Superlatives . The eyes of Doves are chaste and shamefaced , which wander not hither and thither to seek new loves . Such is the chastity of the Church , when as contented with one true God , she turneth not her eyes to idols , or any other invented worship . These things then undoubtedly pertain to Hezekiah , which restored true and pure Religion to the Church , casting out all Idolatry . Then truly the Church did wonderfully shine , when by the testimony of the spirit it self , the like had not been in Ierusalem since the dayes of Solomon , 2 Chro. 30. 26. But were there not dove-like eyes , which when hee considered their wanton lookes even towards the Brazen Serpent , hee commanded it bee broken , though it had been Gods own ordinance , and an excellent Monument of former memory , 2 Kings 18. 4. Loe here excellent chastity joyned with like wisdom . Vers . 15. My welbeloved , behold thou art fair and pleasant : Also our Bed is green . How coherent is this praise ? which aswell instructeth the minde in knowledge , as it endueth the heart with Religion . It is one thing for us to be thankfull to Christ , and another thing for Christ to be thankfull to us . He accounts us thankfull by reason of election , we feel not him sweet and pleasant , before we be called to the knowledge of the truth : and our hearts be kindled with a desire of godlinesse . But if any godly one desire to know the state of the Church after the death of Hezekias , the Bride declareth it in commendations of the Bridegroom . She then flourisheth , when she may freely behold and set forth the beauty of her beloved , which verily hapned in the time of Iosias , in whose excellent sanctity the Church saw the sweetnesse of her beloved , 2 Chro. 34. and 35. At sixteene yeers of age he began to seek the God of his father David , four yeers after , to cleer Inda and Ierusalem from the high places and the groves : and from carved and molten images , 2 Chro. 34. 3. Religion adorneth every age but especially that tender age aswell for the present and unexpected ripenes of it , as for a greater hope therof in time to come . But the latter part of the verse , declareth more fully the History of Manasses & Ammon . Also our bed is green . The Kings chamber ( before ) signified the Temple . Neither is it to be doubted but ( Bed ) is here used for the same , which is wont to be placed in the more inward and privy Chamber , where the godly may injoy Christ most familiarly . This Bed waxeth green like the meadowes , in the beginning of the spring , whose beautie the winter had defaced , if they had alwayes kept their greennesse , it had been unnecessary to make mention of it . And if Iosias had succeeded next after Hezekias , it had been as superfluous to make mention of the Temples flourishing , as of green grasse in summer . The words then declare aswell that winter which miserably afflicted the Church under Manasses and Ammon , which shook off altogether the flowers of godlinesse , and exposed Christs Bed to all injuries and tempestuous stormes , 2 Chro. 33. As also the pleasantnesse of a milder time , under Iosias , who beautifully repaired the winters spoiles . And the event very well answered the prophesie , for the purity of Religion was the first care of Iosias , when he was yet a childe : but after in the eighteenth yeer of his reigne he applied his minde to re-edifie the house of God , desirous to leave the Bed green , which he had found grievously rent and torne with stormes and tempest , 2 Chro. 34. &c. Vers . 16. The beames of our house are of Cedar , our Rafters are of Firre . This more fully sets forth that which was begun before , d●clared by the green bed , for first the grasse is green which afterward ariseth into a talk , and forthwith groweth till in the end it come to it's full ripenesse . The infancy of Josi●u was pleasant , but his riper age yeelded more pleasant fruit , whereof there was hope , even from his cradle . He sent Shaphan , M●aseiah , & Joah to repaire the house of the Lord his God. He gathered mony of the Tribes of Manasses and Ephraim , and all the rest of Israel , and of all Juda and Benjamin , to repaire the common house of the Bridegroom & the Bride ; Wherein they might mutually delight themselves ; He gate workmen and builders to hew stone and timber for beams , and for couples of the houses which the Kings of I●da had destroyed , 2 Chro. 34. 8. Worthily was it now foretold that the beames should be of cedar , when the building was set forward with such cost , care and diligence , whereby the first beauty of it might in some sort appear , though perhaps it could not fully be restored . And hitherto the condition of the Church was tollerable , oftentimes afflicted with many miseries , but now and then refreshed again , when religious princes ruled . The following times were more subject to calamities ; To which deservedly a new chapter is given , bringing new fortune with it . CHAP. II. I Am the rose of the field , and the lillie of the valleyes . 2 Like a lillie among the thornes , so is my love among the daughters . 3 Like the apple tree among the trees of the forrest , so is my welbeloved among the sons of men : under his shadow had I delight , and sate downe : and his fruit was sweet unto my mouth . 4 He brought me into the wine cellar , and love was his banner over me . 5 Stay me with flagons , and comfort me with apples : for I am sick of love . 6 His left hand is under mine head , and his right hand doth embrace me . 7 I charge you , O daughters of Ierusalem , by the ro●s and by hindes of the field , that ye stir not up , nor waken my love untill she please . 8 It is the voice of my welbeloved : behold , he cometh leaping by the mountaines , and skipping by the hills . 9 My welbeloved is like a roe , or a young hart : loe , he standeth behinde our wall , looking forth of the windowes , shewing himself thorow the grates . 10 My welbeloved spake and said unto me , Arise my love , my fair one , and come thy way . 11 For behold , winter is past : the rain is changed , and is gone away . 12 The flowers appear in the earth : the time of the singing of birds is come , and the voice of the turtle is heard in our land . 13 The figtree hath brought forth her young figs : and the vines with their small grapes have cast a savour : arise my love my fair one , and come away . 14 My dove that art in the holes of the rock , in the secret places of the staires , shew me thy sight , let mee hear thy voice : for thy voice is sweet , and thy sight comely . 15 Take us the foxes , the little foxes , which destroy the vines : for our vines have small grapes . 16 My welbeloved is mine , and I am his : hee feedeth among the lillies , 17 Vntill the day break , and the shadowes flee away : returne , my welbeloved , and be like a roe , or a young hart upon the mountaines of Bether . The Analysis . THere remain yet other Kings unto the last Zedekias , whose times are described , vers . 1. 2. And such should the Church be untill their carrying away . In the Captivity it self , there should be some comfort at well to some few left in their Countrey , vers . 3. as to the whole multitude in the enemies countrey partly , that the Bridegroom should marvellously preserve the Church there , vers . 4. 5 , 6 , 7. partly that at length hee should deliver thence , whereof there is an appearance more remote , vers . 8. 9. neer at hand , vers . 10 , 11 , 12 , 13. and at length the effecting of it vers . 14. Hitherto the Captivity , the state of the restored condition should be divers , which we have divided into two times . One to the birth of Christ , the other from thence to ●is death . The time next after the returne , should be some what troublesome in the times next following , vers . 15. which after a little while should receive a tollerable rest , vers . 16. & 17. Then more afflicted in the latter age , shewed in the beginning of the Chapter following . THE EXPOSITION . Vers . 1. I am the Rose of the field , and the Lillie of the vallies . IN this complaint the Church declareth her calamity , as if shee should say : I smell most sweetly as the Rose , and am most beautifull as the Lillie : yet to the Cropping and trampling on of every one , I lie no lesse open then the flowers in the valleyes , and those which grow in pasture grounds . My wall is broken down , my hedge pluckt up by the root ▪ and every one feedeth on my beauty at pleasure , as the Heards on the grasse in the fields . Yet I despaire not in these afflictions , being assured , that to my Beloved I am most sweet and pleasant . And so is the Church wont to be , who is never so much cast down , but is now and then lifted up and refreshed , by thinking on the excellencie which God hath be●towed on her . Those times which followed the restoring of the Temple by Iosias , do teach us that this complaint was just . First , Iosias himself , a most pleasant flower of piety , sweeter then any Rose , was cropped by Pharaoh Neco , and slain at Megiddo . I●hoahaz his son when he had raigned onely three moneths , was carried away Captive by the same Pharaoh , and the Countrey made tributary . Iehojakim served Nebuchadnezzar . Ie●ojazin also after three moneths ▪ Raigne was carried into exile with ●is Courtiers and the Mightier men of t●e Countrey . But most apparantly under Zedech●●s , in whose raigne , Ierusalem was taken and mi●erably spoiled . The Temple burnt , the houses puld down , the walles overturned , the City made equall to the ground , and the people ( pulled from their Countrey seats , ) carried Captive into bondage : as free libertie given to the enemie of making havock in the Church , as in the open fields . The enemy hath stretched out his hand , ( Zame●teth Ieremy Chap. 1. 10 ) upon all her pleasant things ▪ for she hath seen , &c. Vers . 2. Like a Lillie among the thornes , So is my L●ve among the daughters . The Bridegroome answereth the former complaint , and teacheth plainly how his beloved is not d●stitute of that comfort which shee thought she wanted : If she would truly consider that . He acknowledgeth her to be a Lilly , naked of her former fences , exposed to the prey as in the open fields : Yet not void of all su●●our but as it were , so guarded every where with a thick hedge of Briers and Bushes , that neither the heards of Cattell , nor the wilde beasts could approach to do her injurie : For the similtude doth not onely set forth her excellency , but chiefly her succour and safety . That the Church should certainly be preserved safe and sound , remaining in the midstof her Enemies , and that shee should bee no lesse defended by her very enemies , then flowers are wont to be among the thornes , who beset them about with pricking branches . It is manifest that the Church made triall of this comfort in those hard times , when her safety was maintained by the helpe of them , by whose hostile hatred shee seemed , utterly destroyed . Pharaoh defended her against Nebuchadnezzer , and Nebuchadnezzar against Pharaoh . Neither of them would root out the Nation , as long as there was hope of faithfull obedience , but supposed to defend it for himself , as a sound resuge against the breaking in of Enemies , with these bryers for a time , shee put away extream calamity . Verse . 3. Like the Appletree among the trees of the forrest , so is ●●y vvellbeloved among the sons of men : under his shadovv had I delight , and sate dovvne : and his fruit vvas svvete unto my mouth . Hitherto the state of the Church , untill they were carried away Captive by Nebuchadnezzer . Now the Captivity fo●loweth : whose first ●omfort is rest granted to the miserable Reliques , which ( when the rest were carried away ) had leave granted to remain in their own country . This comfort is declared by the similitude of an appletree , which is but a low tree , neither in length of body or in farre spreading of limbs may it compare with many others , yet her fruit excelleth many others in profit and pleasantnesse . The similitudes are alwayes fitted to the times and the divers conditions which the Church enjoyeth , This apple tree betokeneth Gedaliah whom Nebuchad-nezzer made governour over the people which were left in the land , 2 King. 25. 22. He was low in regard of the tallnesse of the former Kings , or of those high cedars which flourished in the Babylonian mountains , yet in shadow he was very pleasant , and in fruit wholsome , so that all the scattered Church flocked under his covering , chiefly when he had joyned the Prophet Ieremy to him , Ier. 40. For now were the cedar beams & the firre crafters broken , and no leave granted to remain , no not in the rubbish of the city . They dwelt at Mizpah in the open fields , or at least under the shadow of trees . As also the prophet Micha foretold , Chap. 41. 10. Iohanan and the other Captains so rejoyced in this shadow , that they disclosed the treason of Ishmael desirous to prevent his wicked purpose with just punishment ▪ , Ier. 40. 13. 14. &c. Vers . 4. He brought me into the wine-seller , and love was his banner over me . Such was the condition of the small company remaining . The other captived multitude were kept in the enemies country 70. yeers : as it is declared in these four verses . He brought me ( saith she ) into the wine-seller , that is a place under ground , where wine is laid and kept for use , as if she should say he brought me into a sorrowfull and dark hole as it were into a cave , and a place under ground , where notwithstanding I found wine laid up , which was no lesse appearance of his love towards me , then the ensigne or Banner carried before the souldiers is wont to be a signe of the captaines presence . This wine-seller was partly Babylon , whither the people were carried away by Nebuchad-nezzar : and partly Egypt , whither the rest went of their own accord , when Gedaliah was slain . Ier. 41. Neither did the Church want comfort in these miseries , whose prison was furnished with wine . For the word of the Lord , ( which is many times compared to wine ) was plentifull in this prison : and the love thereof as conspicuous , as the Banner carried before the Army in the time of warre , Ieremiah sending letters to those that were carried away began this wine unto them ▪ shewing them of the prosperity which God would give them in the land of their captivity . Chap. 29. But that which is here briefly spoken is de●l●r●d more at large in the verses following . Here let us consider the wonderfull mercy of our God , who seasoneth his corrections , towards his Church with such gentlenesse , that when they think● themselves , as it were , overwh●lmed and buried in the grave , yet there they finde wine and great plenty o● delights . Vers . 5. Stay me with Flagons , and comfort me with apples , for I am 〈◊〉 of love . These words more plainly shew that the house of wine was no banqueting house , but a cellar wherein wines are laid up . For the lover is not wont to languish with desire , where plenty of the thing loved is present : and such is that banquet where the Master of the Feast is absent . The Bride therefore fainteth , because she findeth not her beloved present in this wine-cellar , ( for in adversity God is said to be absent from us ) so that she had need to be upholden of her fellowes , l●st she should f●ll for want of strength , wherein was most elegantly d●clared , what d●sire the Church should have tow●rds God during the captivity , and by what means she should be satisfied untill the full restitution . For in that she desireth Flagons and apples , she sheweth th●t these were sufficient helpes for her ; Apples are the fruit of a low shadowing tree , as before : Flagons are vessels wherein wine is put , and out of which it is powred to drink ; the apples betokened some inferiour persons with power , under whose defence th● captived people might lurke in safety . The Flagons noted the prophets and priests , full of sweet and wholsome doctrine : whereof there should be some , which only like Flagons should yeeld the wine of heavenly knowledge to the people , when plenty of hogsheads could not be had in exile and such adversity . God bestowed the commodity of both in the caprivity , for he wonderfully exalted Daniel , Hananiah , Mishae● and Hazaria● , who like wholsome apple trees , shadowed the afflicted Church with their boughes , and fed and refreshed the miserable people with pleasant fr●it . God gate them favour with the Median and Persian Kings , by whom ( being appointed gover●our of the Provinces ▪ ) they procured much rest to their people , Dan. 1. 19 , 20. and 2. 48 , 49. These were the apples by whom their feeblenesse was supported . The Prophets were the Flagons . Ezechiel in Babylon , to whom the Lord joyned Daniel , who supplied both the parts of the apple and of the flagon , being advanced to great dignity and most excellent in the gui●t of prophesie ; He suffered also Ieremy to be drawn into Egypt that either people might have flagons , out of which the● might draw the wine of God● word , both to quench their thirst , and to succour their fainting strengths decayed . Vers . 6. His left hand is under mine head , and his right hand doth ●mbrace me . By this gesture of imbracing is plainly shewed , that God manifestly declared at that time how he loved his Church : for he did not only preserve her by mans aid , but also defended her with his own stretched out arme from heaven , which we know was done , in the wonderfull deliverance , first of the three children out of the fierie furnace , who loved Religion more then life , Dan. 3. Then of Daniel himselfe out of the Lions den , Dan. 6. For whiles Gods by such wonderfull powerfull power preserved the trees from all danger , which he had planted for a shadow to his Church , he might worthily seeme to hold the Church in his hands , and to imbrace her with both his armes . Vers . 7. I charge you , O daughters of Jerusalem , by the Roes and by the Hindes of the field , that yee st●●re not up , nor waken my love , untill she please . The daughters of Ierusalem , are the citizens of the Church . The Roes and the Hindes , are those nations which held the Church in captivity . The meaning of this verse is , as if she should have said ( for they are the words of the Church , as the learned Tremelius and Iunius observe , ) I require of you , ye daughters of Ierusalem , that ye swear to me by the Roes and Hindes of the field , that if by your fault , ye drive away my love , from my imbracing ; Those Roes and Hindes shall revenge it on you with deserved punishment . Not that it is lawfull to swear by enemies , or by any other then God , but figurativesy by the forme of an oath , she teacheth it should be as certain that the citizens of the Church should avoid all grievous offences , with no lesse diligent heed ( namely , for fear of the enemies among whom they lived ) then if a convenant had been undertaken of that matter , and confirmed by an oath , wherefore the history of this oath is the rest of the time of the captivitie . Vers . 8. It is the voi●e of my w●lbeloved ▪ behold , he ●ommeth leaping by the mountaines , and skipping by the hills . Now after the seventy yeers captivity , followeth the delivery ; whose prepartion a far off is contained in this & the verse following , consisting of a threefold circumstance : Of the voyce of her beloved . His swift coming ; and his presence . The voyce of my beloved : Shee falleth into this speech abruptly , as if she had heard the voyce of her beloved , ●alling her from a far off , and had been smitten with a sudden joy for the newnesse of the matter , even that which she chiefly desired . Now in this whole preparation , King Cyrus representeth the person of her beloved , whom God had stirred up to deliver the Church : Then after a long time , was the voyce of the beloved first heard , when the rumor began to be spred abroad , that the Medes and Persians would make war against Babylon . The Prophets noted out Cyrus by name , many yeers before ; that when they should heare him preparing for war , they might not doubt , but it was the voyce it self of the beloved , Isay 44. 28. Thus saith the Lord of Cyrus , He is my Shepheard , and shall performe all my pleasure : and 45. 1 , 2 , 3. Thus saith the Lord , to his anoynted Cyrus , whose right hand I have holden to subdue nations , &c. that thou mayest know , that I the Lord ▪ which call thee by thy name , am the God of Israel . But the report was spred far and wide , before the Kings brought their hosts to Babylon : Isay ▪ 21. 3. I was bowed down at the hearing of it , I was dismaied at the seeing of it , my heart panted , &c. under the person of the Babylonians . And Jeremiah 50. 43. The King of Babylon hath heard the report of them , and his hands waxed feeble , anguish took hold of him . And 51. 29. As Babylon hath caused the slain of Israel to fall , so at Babylon shall fall the slain of all the earth . But this voyce so fearfull to the Babylonians , was most pleasant and acceptable to the oppressed and banished Church . Now for the swiftnesse of his comming it is said , Hee came leaping , as it were , hastning over the Mountains on stilts , so passing over the little hils , that hee did not at all touch them . In this manner was the comming of Cyrus , swift and sudden . How much businesse he brought to passe after he once , undertook it ; he subdued the Armenians and Craesus the Lydian , in a trice ; the Hyrcanians , Bactrians , Susians , Carians , Phrygians , and Cappadocians ; he scarce touched with the tops of his toes , they so readily yeelded to him of their own accord : See Herodotus , Clio , Xenophon , Cyropaed . Vers . 9. My w●lbeloved is like a Roe , or a young ▪ Hart , lo , he standeth behind our wa●● , looking forth of the windows , shewing himself thorow the grates . The first part of this verse declareth the swiftnesse of the coming of Cy●●s ; the later part part describeth his presence , and that by three circumstances : His standing behind the wall ; his looking thorow the window , and shewing himself th●row the grates ; All which set forth unto ●s , tho be●ieging of Babylon by C●rus and Darius : for these mountains and hils quickly past over ; the Tents were pitcht at the walls of Babylon , there Cyrus stood a while behind the wall , doubting what to do : his retinue charging him , and nothing prospering after his desire ; at length , hee looked forth thorow the letties of the windows ; that is , hee took crafty counsell , and considered secretly , how he might gain the City ; when turning the river Euphrates , he brought his army into the City by the channell so privily , that the City was take before any force of battery was felt . Neither should any marvell , that the name of the beloved is given to a heathen King : for what , and soever the Church hath , the beloved himself yeeldeth it , but hee useth divers instruments , on whom hee bestoweth his own Name , that all help may be properly understood to be of him whose name the instruments beare . Vers . 10. My welbeloved spak● , and said unto me , Arise my Love , my fair one , and come away . Such was the preparation farther off ; that which is neerer followeth : First , declared universally in this verse , then severally by parts in the verses following ▪ This sweet and pleasant salutation hapned at that time , when Babylon was taken , and Balshazzer slain ; the Medes and Persians obtaining the Empire . See how the Edict of C●●us , of delivering the people , agreeth with this pleasant calling , Ezra 1. 3. & . 4. Who is there among you of all his people ? his God be with him , and let him go up to Jerusalem , which is in Jud● , and build the house of the Lord God of Israel , ( hee is the God ) whi●h is in Jerusalem . And whosoever remaineth in any place where he s●●ourneth , let the men of his place help him with silver , and with gold , and with goods , and with beasts , besides the free-will offering for the house of God which is at Jerusalem . Here the welbeloved boasteth or glorieth in the beauty of the Spouse , and while he breaketh the bonds of her servitude , and giveth her leave to depart , hee maketh proclamation , Arise , and come away . And verily , though Ezra , a most learned Priest , relateth that matter for the worthinesse of it , most plentifully in the whole Chapter ; yet there the thing done is scarce more plainly declared , then it is here foretold to be done . Vers . 11. For behold , Winter is past , the rain is changed and is gone away . The severall explication is manifested either in removing the hindring causes in this verse , or by setting down the helping causes in the two verses following . Winter , or the violent storme is changed . This Winter is twofold , proper , and figurative : properly , it teacheth that about the end of Winter the people prepared for their return , stirred up thereunto by the Edict of Cyrus , which may be conf●●med by probable reason ; for their first feast after their return , was the Feast of Tabernacles . To the celebrating of which Feast , som● time passed before the people could come together , scattered through the fields and Cities ▪ Ezra 3. 1. Then after certain ye●rs Hezra himself departing from Babylon , with a readier or more prepared band , spent four Moneths in the journey , Hezra 7. 9. whence it is likely that those first betook themselves to the journey in the beginning of the Spring , or not long after . The figurative Winter is the wrath of God , which ( of late ) fell upon the Iewes , like a horrible ●torm , and scattered them hither and thither , like straw or stubble . This wrath at length pacified , was changed into a great calme and quietness● . Vers . 12. The flovvers appeare in the earth , the time of the singing of Birds is come , and the voyce of the Turtle is heard in our land . This , and the verse following , shew the helping causes , which are also proper or metaphoricall . Proper , the commodity of the time , most pleasant ; whereupon hapned the decree and the counsell of returning , and the preparation thereof , whereof was spoken in the former verse . Metaphoricall , God was not only mercifull , ( as already hath been said ) but partly also the reconcised will of strangers , partl● , the exceeding readin●sse of the Ievvs themselves . The nations hearkning to the Edict of Cyrus , and God inwardly stirring up their hearts , with how great desire did they further the return , helping them abundantly , and furnishing them plentifully with gold , and with silver , with aid , and with cattell , and with other precious things , Ezra 1. 6. The Ievves delight and pleasure therein , no doubt was , that it might well be compared with flowers , with singing of Birds , and the blooming of trees : Also among the Ievves were divers orders of men , which seem here to be signified by the severall ornaments of the Spring , which Ezra divideth into three ranks : The Elders of Families , The Priests and Levites , and the Common People , Chap. 1. 5. and 2. 70. Here Salomon proceede●h by an inverted order , making no reckoning of the dignity , but of the deed ▪ and of the nature of it . I supp●se the common people are the flowers appearing in the earth , which grow confusedly , here and there , one among another , and prevent the trees themselves in their hasty ripening . Well , expressing the headlong study of the common people ▪ who are wont to run before the industry of the Magistrate : The ●●nging Birds and Turtles , are men of the Leviticall Order , which went before the people , some with holy songs , and some with sa●rifices , &c. Vers . 13. The Fig-tree hath brought forth her young figs , and the Vines with their small grapes have cast a savour : Arise my love , my fair ●ne , and come away . Hitherto the mean●r helping causes ; here we have the mightier , and more principall : As if hee should say , not only the Flowers of the grasse , but also the shrubs and tallertrees , which should guide and governe the people and multit●de , should set their hands to worke , and bend all their force to bring back the people . Cyrus restored to them every instrument of silver and gold , which Nebuchadnezzar had taken away . Zerubbabel , Joshua , Nehemiah , and other excellent men , made themselves Captains over the people , that by well ordering , they might bring all their desires to a wished end . So in this preparation here , shine as Stars , the Edict of Cyrus , the time of the yeere , the office of the Nation● , and the divers orders and degrees of the people returning , which are all declared more at large in the first and second of Ezra ; he useth the same compellation or calling by name , in the end , which hee did before , that hee might shew , as it were , with bounded limits , in what space of time , this description of the Spring is included . Vers . 14. My Dove , thou art in the ●oles of the Rocke , in the secr●t places of the staires , shew me thy countenance , let me heare thy voice , for thy voyce is sweete and thy sight comely . The delivery it selfe is declared in this one verse , which that it might appeare and sinke the deeper in their mindes , he remembreth them of their late Condition by the holes of the Rocke and the secret places of the staires ▪ that the Church should as well remember to attribute her received safety to God , who all this while yeelded her no lesse refuge from the rage of her enemies , then the high rocks and darke lurking places are wont to be to the Doves . As also to put her in minde that the was not in her own habitation , but in a lurking place , ●it to keepe her in safety in Exile , and not appointed to dwell in . ●he must therefore depart out of that prison , and make haste to the Palace , which her beloved had built her . No doubt , they exhorted one another at that time , that they should pre●er the promise of God in their Country seates , before the delights of the place , whereinto they were banished , wherewith many were so taken and ●●●nared that they altogether neglected a returne . Now whereas he requireth that she should shew him her countenance , and should cause her voice to be heard ; he sheweth them that at length the Church should be seene againe openly , which had long lyen hid from mens sight in darknesse . And that voyce which her lover is so desirous to here , is the voyce of mourning and weeping , whereby the faithful in the time of deliverance , should acknowledge their former offences , whereby they had provoked God , and should ●arnestly and heartily bewaile them . When ye shall call upon me ( saith the Lord by Jeremy ) that ye may go and pray unto me , then will I heare you : and seeking yee shall sinde me , when ye shall search for me with all your heart , Chap. 29. 12 , 13. This is that countenance all overwhelmed with teares , in whose sight God is so much delighted : this is that mournfull and suspicious voyce , then which nothing is to him more sweete or pleasant : for so the second company which Ezra brought backe , beginning their progresse with a Proclaimed fast , shewed the same aspect to their lover , causing him to heare a most sweete voyce of the confession of sins , Ezra 8. 23. Vers . 15. Take us the Foxes , the little Foxes , that spoile the vines : for our Vines have tender Grapes . Hitherto of the Captivity , now followeth the restored condition of the Church . And first of that State which it obtained next the returne in this , and the verses following . It appeareth not plainly , whether these be the words of Christ , or the Church , or of both : truely that which is here commanded concernes them both : yet seeing it belongs to his government and authority , to take away all h●rtfull things , which may damnifie the Church , they seeme rather to be his . These words teach three things of the Church of that time . First , she hath little Foxes lying in waite . Secondly , those Foxes are to be taken and their deceipts made vaine . Thirdly , the beginnings of the restored Church were so tender , that they might be grievously hurt by the feeblest enemie . As to the first , The Foxes betoken a craf●y , subtile and dissembling enemy ▪ whereunto also the Hebrew word very well agreeth , which signifies to destroy under a shew of friendship . As Usurers use , who seeming to helpe poore men , utterly undoe them with borrowed money . How to the life happened these things . For we know with what craft the Enemies endeavoured to hinder the building of the Temple , craftily offering ayde , and corrupting the Counsellors with rewards , as long as the Kings favoured the Jewes , but when they saw their favours a little to decline , they spared no reproaches , and false accusations , whereby they might procure hatred to the new returned Jewes : yea to their fraud they added force , endeavouring to hinder the begun work by Armes , Ezra 4. 23. Now these Enemies are called little Foxes , in regard of the Syrian , Assyrian and Babylonian Kings , which afflicted them in former times . These Governours were base and obscure persons , yet could these little wilde beasts do much in such tender beginnings of the Church , whereby the worke of the house of God was hindred , and being begun lay still about 27. yeeres ▪ Ezra 4. 24. But at length those little Foxes were taken , when Dariu● confirmed the building , and imposed a most grievous punishment on those that by any meanes hindred the worke , Ezra 6. 11. Yea there wanted not Foxes , for Nehemiah found Sanballat , Tobia● ▪ and the rest of that crew as troublesome as the former . First , craft●ly studying privily to oppresse them , Nehem. 4. 7. But missing thereof they attempted violence under colour of conference , having hired the Priests , Prophets , and chiefe of the people to deliver them Nehemiah . These were Fox-like times , by the Testimony of Tobia himself , who said , Nehem. 4. 2. Although they build , y●t if a Fox go up , he shall even breake downe their stony wall , &c. Vers . 16. My welbeloved is mine and I am his ; he feedeth among the Lillies . That is to say , we rest quietly in one anothers love . He is contented with me onely , and I with him alone . Her lover ●ath such care of his flock , that not like other heardsmen , he seeketh onely grassie Pastures for his sheepe , but also the delights of gardens for them . Then at length those Fox-like times received a reasonable happie condition , the holy Ceremonies were used , and all wicked superstitions were valiantly and constantly refused , to the which while the Church applyed her study , she shewed her selfe to depe●d wholly on the love of her onely Lover . Before the Iewes were bani●hed to Babylon , they were wont to follow strange gods , wherefore they were so grievously and often reprehended by the Pr●phets , and which brought upon them almost utter destruction , and so long Captivity . In all which time they seemed no lesse to have forsaked God , then God himselfe to have forsaken their services . But now at length called backe to their Country seates , they would preserve chaste piety with a more firme purpose , constant will and desire . Neither would they ever hereafter depart from Gods holy Religion , even with the hazard of their lives , which came to passe acco●dingly , for we read of no troubles afterward in the Church untill the time of Alexander the great . Wherefore these 2. verses comprehend the history of about two hundred yeares , namely from the restoring of the Church by Cyrus to Alexander the great , that is , during the whole Monarchie of the Persians , as appearech by Ezra and Nehemiah . Vers . 17. Vntill the day breake , and the shadowes fly away , turne my beloved and be thou like a Roe or young Hart upon the mountaines of ●●ether . The 2. former verses shewed the condition of the Church next after their returne : this verse intreateth of time a little farther off , yet with a continued order joyned with the former . Herein first he setteth down certaine bounds in the beginning of the verse , and then delivereth the sum of it in the rest . The bounds define that space in the compasse whereof this consideration is contained : namely untill the day breake , &c. Which words signifie that most renowned day of Christs death : as it shall after appear : whose morning and mid-day are here most elegantly declared by adjuncts . All agree , that the aire or winde is usually more troublesome in the morning and evening then in the rest of the day , as also Aristotle teacheth in his Problemes . But why is this day described unto us , by the troublesome windy morning , and the vanishing shadowes ? Because it was chiefely to be noted in both these propricties . The morning blew turbulently , for straightway in the morning , the high-Priests with the Elders and Scribes , held a Councell and delivered Iesus to Pilate , Mark 15. 1. but at the 6. houre that is to say , noone it selfe , the shadowes flew away overwhelmed with darknesse in a strange manner , so that the Iewes saw not yet an end put to their old shadowes , Mark 15. 33. But then especially they vanished , when the third houre after , at the death of the Messias , the vaile of the Temple rent in two parts , and the hand-writing of the Law ( as well of all the Ceremonies as that which was against us ) was altogether cut off . This is that day so famous in the Scripture , and so exactly defined , Dan. 9. 24. 25. Of this Christ ▪ himselfe maketh often mention , I●h . 7. 30. and 8 ▪ 20. and 13. 1. The time is here set forth of the condition of the ancient Church from Alexander the great to the death of Christ . So was that time limited . Now if ye seeke what the whole state of the Church was during all that space ▪ The swift returne of her love , like a Roe on the mountaines of Bether , sheweth it us . The Mountaines of Bether are in Gilead beyond Iordan , whence they take their name ▪ for they are divided from the rest of Iud●a by the River ●ord●n . And that whole Tract is called Bithron , 2 Sam. 2. 29. as Tromelius and I●nius do observe . This similitude teacheth that ●er beloved seemed sometimes to withdraw himselfe , yet no farther then the neighbour mountaines of Bether , seated in the borders of the holy land , whence he could quickly come to her ayde , like a Roe or a young Hinde . Ptolemeus Lagi grievously afflicted Iudea , but is lasted not long . Nor was there any violence done to Religion . Afterwards Antiochus the great , strove with the Ptolemees , Eupator and Epiphanes with doubtfull fortune of the warres , so that the ●ewes were sometimes constrained to change their Masters , yet they alwaies prospered without great danger of perishing . Her beloved was not alwayes ready to helpe her , these first 137. yeeres , but he suffered her not long to complaine , running , ready to helpe her , from the bordering Mountaines as need required . CHAP. III. IN my bed by night I sought him that my soul loved : I sought him , but I found him not . 2 I will rise therefore now , and go about in the city by the streets , and by the open places , and will seeke him that my soul loveth : I sought him , but I sound him not . 3 The watchmen that went about the city , found me : to whom I said , Have you seene him , whom my soul loveth ? 4 When I had past a little from them , then I found him whom my soul loved ▪ I took hold on him and left him not , till I had brought him unto my mothers house , into the chamber of her that conceived me . 5 I charge you , O daughters of Ierusalem , by the roes and by the hindes of the field , that ye stir not up , nor waken my love untill she please . 6 Who is she that commeth up out of the wildernesse like pillars of smoake perfumed with myrrhe and incense , and with all the spices of the merchant ? 7 Behold his bed , which is Solomons ● threescore strong men are round about it , of the valiant men of Israel . 8 They all handle the sword , and are expert in war , every one hath his sword upon his thigh for the feare by night . 9 King Solomon made himselfe a palace of the trees of Lebanon . 10 He made the pillars thereof of silver , and the pavement thereof of gold , the hangings thereof of purple , whose mids was paved with the love of the daughters of Ierusalem . 11 Come forth ye daughters of Zion , and behold the king Solomon , with the crown , wherewith his mother crowned him in the day of his marriage , and in the day of the gladnesse of his heart . The Analysis . HItherto hath beene spoken of that milder time of the Church after the return ▪ from the Captivitie , both of the time neere and farther off . Now shall be shewed a more troublesome time by the absence of her beloved , which in vaine she seeketh in her bed , verse 1. in the Citie , verse 2. or among the watchmen of the Citie , verse 3. but at length she findes and holds him , verse 4. and 5. And thus ●ar to the birth of Christ ▪ The rest of the time unto his death is as it were an overseeing of the marriage , whose preparing is in respect of the Bride , verse 6. in respect of the beloved and his bed , verse 7. 8. His Litter , verse 9. 10. The solemnity of the Marriage which giveth us a King Crowned , verse 11. And his love very comely , &c. Chap. 4. 1 , 2 , 3 , to the 7. THE EXPOSITION . Vers . 1. By night on my Bed I sought him whom my soule loveth : I sought him , but I found him not . OF all the space of time untill the break of the day ( that is to say , that day wherein Christ dyed ) worthy of memory is that night , which the Spouse now speaketh of . The weaker sort might be afraid , lest Christ had altogether forsaken them , now they could not finde him to helpe them ▪ whom yet they hoped to be neere at hand in the bordering mountaines , as is generally shewed in the last verse of the former Chapter . This calamity is declared in seeking her beloved , which is first begun in her bed , in this verse . Now her bed is the Temple , as before Chap. 1. 16. Our bed is greene . This search was made in the night , namely when the true worship of God was much obscured , and altogether over-whelmed with night-like darknesse . The Church therefore complaineth it was such a time , wherein true Religion was trodden down , so that Christ whom the faithfull thirsted for , was no where to be found in his true worship . These things then belong to that desolation which Antiochus Epiphanes brought upon them , who robbed the Temple , forbad Sacrifices , offered Swines flesh in the Temple , constrained them to worship strange gods , compelled them to leave circumcising their children , burned their holy Bookes , and left no manner of wickednesse unattempted . This wofull spectacle Daniel did manifestly declare almost 300. yeeres before , Chap. 8. 9 , 10 , &c. and 11. 28 , 29 , &c. And it is said to be done , 1 Maccab. 1. from the 23. verse , to the end of the Chapter . The Temple was not cast down as by Nebuchaduezzar , but wofully deformed and shut up from the true worshippers , whence she saith , She sought him in the Bed , but found him not . The Bed remained empty and Christ was gone . Vers . 2. I will rise now , and go about the Citie , in the streets and in the broad wayes : I with seek him whom my soul loveth , I sought him but I found him not . The second search which sheweth that Christ was not only absent from the Temple , but likewise was not to be found in the holy city . If every corner were sought never so diligently , there could bee found no footstep of piety . The cruelty of Antiochus wrought this effect , who , after he had sacked the city , burnt it with fire , overthrew the houses and walls , carried away the women and children captives , guarded the upper city with murtherers , put the citizens to flight , and made the city an habitation of strangers , &c. 1 Macta● ▪ 1. 33. 34. 35. and 40. No marvell if among the dregs of such most desperately wicked men , her beloved could not be found . But what could be more elegantly spoken to foreshew this desolation of the city ? Vers . 3. The watchmen that go about the city found me , to whom I said : Saw ye him whom my sout loveth ? She seeking the city in vaine , ligh●eth on the watchmen of whom she enquireth of her beloved , saying , Have ye seen him whom my soul loveth ? She stayes not till they examine her , but begins to question them ; The watchmen & keepers of the city , are the holy Priests who ( as much as they may ) hold fast & keep the truth in these dark times . And are ●aid to have found the Church wavering , being driven from her seates . The chief of these were Mattathias the father of the Maccabees and his sons ; who valiantly answered the Kings servant , requiring them to sacrifice , If all Nations fell away from the worship of their elders : yet be a●d his children and brethren would walk in the Covenant of their eld●rs , and not transgresse their worship to the right hand or to the left . 1. Macca . 2. 19. 20. Such faithfull men then found the Church , which yet gave her no answer , they were so astonished as their silence here declareth . Vers . 4. It was but a little that I passed from them , but I found him whom my soul loveth : I held him and would not let him go , untill I had brought him into my mothers house , and into the chamber of her that conceived me ▪ Now she departeth from the high priests and governours of the city , getting no comfort of them at that time , suffering with the rest a common destruction . But going a little from them , she chanceth on him whom she should have : whereby is taught that the Church did not long lie in these miseries , but was in short time delivered from those chastisements . Neither was this comfort vain , but at length fully shewed by Iudas Maccabeus , 1. Mach , 4. 47. In the 142. yeer of the reigne of the Greekes , Antiochus began to afflict Iudea . In the thr●e and forty yeer he spoiled the Temple . Af●er two whole yeers he took away the daily sacrifice and all divine worship for the time , 1. Maca. 1. 21. 30. 47. In the eight and fortieth yeer the nineth moneth , were the holy houses purged and divine worship restored again , 1. Mach. 4 ▪ 52. 53. &c ▪ Now was her beloved found and brought into the house of her mother . For we have him present with us , as long as we keep his publike worship , or as often as we recover it being lost : wherein he hath promised to shew himselfe to his . These darknesses for the time they lasted were very bla●k , but not long . After 2300 dayes ( limited by the Angel , Dan. 8. 14. ) The sanctuarie shall be purged Wherefore her beloved delayed not long to aid her ▪ but came swiftly from the mountains of Bether ; whom the faithfull doubted to be farther off . So these few verses are an Epitome of the whole history of the Mac●abees ▪ and those books a j●st commentary of this place . Now that she would ●ot let her beloved go till she had brought him into her mothers chamber , thereby is signified ( this darknes driven away ) divine worship should be no more interrupted , untill Christ came in the flesh . The Church is said to bring Christ into this chamber , because he descended into it and took our nature upon him for her sake , for he is said to do any thing , for whose cause it is done . Then from the time of the Maccabees to the comming of the Mo●●ias , the course of Religion was constant , which no common calamitie interrupted . Not , but those times were most corrupt . But in the middest thereof , was free leave to worship God rightly , whereby the Church might nourish her faith , and might cherish her self , with the sweet familiar acquaintance of Christ . V. 5. I charge you , O ye daughters , of Ierusalem , by the Roes and by the hindes of the field , that you stir not up , nor awake my love till she please . This verse sheweth that there should be no great trouble in the Church from the time of the Maccabees , till the birth of Christ as was said in the end of the former verse . Now there should be silence and a tolerable rest , whereby the Saints might be defended ( in their true studies ) from fear of their enemies which are here noted by Roes and hindes of the field . For though they were come home , out of the enemies land and setled in their own proper seat● : yet they found at home , all places full of enemies . Now the Romanes oppressed them , and Herods tyranny bridled them . These wilde Roes caused Gods people to worship him more diligently , and to be the more carefull , le●t with any noise of apparant impiety ( which only disturbeth our beloved from his rest ) she should lose the enjoying of him howsoever . V. 6. Who is this that cometh out of the wildernes like pillars of smo●k , perfumed with myrrhe & frankincense with all powders of the merchant . Hitherto hath been shewed , the condition of the Church before the birth of Christ ; Now what it should be while he lived on the earth . This description containeth a prophesie , especially of things done from the conception of Christ untill thirty yeers of his age : when the beautie of the Church should cause admiration in the beholders . Who is this ? ( say they ) which seem to be the words of the legall Church , wondring at the excellent smell of the new smoke stirred up . For at this time , the Church in outward form was twofold . The legall continued yet , and the Evangelicall was new begun . Her threefold propriety was , her admirable coming out of the desart ; her smokie enlarging and increase ; and lastly her sweet smell ▪ She came first out of the desart , by the message of the Angel to the virgine Mary living then in Nazareth of Galilee : a solitary place i● respect of others more fr●quented . And divinely revealed to Elizabeth in the mountaines of I●dea : as she testified when Mary came to see her . This report is compared to pillars of smoke , for as smoke goeth before the flame , breaking forth and arising up like branched pillars , yet quickly avoideth and vanisheth in the air , how thick soever it were : So shall we finde this report and mens expectation thereof altogether like unto it . As by the prophesie of Zacharie of raising up a hor●e of Salvation in the house of David . Confirmed by miracles , aswell of a Son born unto him in his old age , as of his speech restored after ten moneths . What feare came upon all the inhabitants of the hill country ? Luke 1. 65. 68. 69. &c. This smoke arising in the wildernesse , how pleasantly smelt it , to all the godly waiting for the consolation of Israel , yet foulded up in such thick obscuritie that men could not see the greatest part of it , whither the thing so much desired would tend . But afterward by the former when the shepherds and the wise men came seeking ●o● the new borne King , all ●erusalem was troubled Luke 2. 1 ▪ 8. Mat. 2. 3. Then the branched smoke flew upward , breaking forth with such force , by reason of the increased hea●e , that it ascended like a Pillar , yet this smoke quickly vanished . Not that the Church ever failed , but because this rumour ceasing , there was so deep a silence from that time untill the baptisme of J●h● , as if all these things had vanish●d into smoke . But who can declare how sweet this rumour was to all the godly thirsting for the Messias ? Sime●n taking the 〈◊〉 in his Armes and praising God very joyfully , desired to die having obtai●ed that which was most to be desired in this life , Luke 2. 29. And truly all M●r●he , Frankincense , and all manner of perfumes are un●avo●y in re●●ect of this sweetnesse . Those things which hap●ed about the bi r h●●f Christ , could not more significantly and briefly be declared . Ver● . 7. Behold his bed which is Salomons : threescor● valiant men are about it , of the valiant of Israel . Here is described the provision of her beloved before the marriage , which is twofold , A bed , and a Chariot . Of the bed is ●rtreated in this verse and the next . His bed ( ●aith she , namely her bel●veds ) wherein he lay himself alone . Not a common bed , such as before , ( Our Bed ) Chap. 1 ▪ 16. As also speaking of her own ●ed , Chap. 3. 1. Wherein her beloved was not found . This bed resembles that of Solomons , for it was waited on with as strong a guard , as we shall see in the verse following . Vers . 8. They all ●old swords , being expert in war : every man hath his sword upon his thigh , because of fear in the night . Here the guard is described , to whom the watch and'a custody of this bed is committed . Their number and nature was expressed in the former verse . Now their readinesse , skill and diligence is shewed , together with the end of their watching in these words . First , they are called sword-men , ready and strong-men , whose vertue feareth no danger . Secondly , they are expert in war ; that is to say , old , hardy , skilfull souldiers : every one hath his sword . Beds are appointed for rest and sleep , whereby a man for the time is deprived of his strength , and all power to defend himself ; wherefore Kings and Princes , ( to sleep the more safely ) ordained watch-men , such as Salomon is here said to have had . Which teacheth , that this beloved , all the time that he gave himself to rest , was fenced with such a guard , as could keep him safe from all feare in the night ; that is , from all secret deceipts which the wicked could invent . This time of rest , was the whole infancie of Christ , which maketh a man no lesse able to avoyd dangers then the deepest sleep that is . Herod making use of this night , endeavoured ( most wickedly ) his destruction : But the Angel ( one of the mighties of Israel ) warning Joseph to flie with the childe into Egypt , delivered him from the jawes of Herod , and the cruell slaughter of the Bethlehemites . Truly this bed was better guarded then Salomons . Vers . 9. King Salomon made himself a Chariot of the wood of Lebanon . Such was the bed : Now followeth a description of the Chariot in this and the next verse . The bed was enough to shew , what did belong to private use ; but by this Chariot is declared with what Majesty he would shew himself to the multitude . The King made this Chariot for himself alone , although the dignity th●reof belongeth to the Spouse also . The generall matter of it , is wood of Lebanon , whereof likewise the Temple was built , 1 King. 5. 6. Other things that concern the beauty of it , are mentioned in the verse following where yee shall see the application of the Prophecie . Vers . 10. He made the Pillars thereof of silver , the bottome thereof of gold , the covering of it of purple , the midst thereof being paved with love , for the daughters of Jerusalem . Such was Salomons stately Chariot , wherein hee was wont to be carried in publique , whose beautifull and glorious structure is here declared , to expresse that high and incomprehensible excellencie of Christs humane nature ; for this was that triumphall Chariot wh●ch he built for himself of the wood of Lebanon , conceived in the womb of Mary of N̄azareth of Galile , at the foot of Lebanon , that rightly the matter may be said to be taken from thence , whence his humanity was built up or framed , yet he made this Chariot for himself , not begotten by the company of man , but by vertue of the most High overshadowing the Virgin. Whose pillars were silver , the seats were gold , the coverings purple ; all the frame from head to foot , most pure , most precious , most divine , and within the ground and pavement , and that which was ( as it were ) the foundation to all the rest of the frame , was wholly love of the daughters of Ierus●lem : he had them drawne with the needle , or rather ingraven in his heart and bowels ; seeing for his elects sake only , he made him this Chariot of humanity , wherein he would openly be carried in the sight of the world for men to behold him . Vers . 11. Go forth , O yee daughters of Sion , and behold King Salomon with the Crown wherewith his mother crowned him in the day of his espousals , and in the day of the gladnesse of his heart . It seemeth here , it was the custome for parents at such a solemnity , to bestow some singular ornament upon their children ; and that Bathsheba bestowed this Crown on Salomon , when he married Pharaohs daughter , ( though the Scripture speak not of it ) for David was dead before ; But it shall better appeare in the new Salomon then in the Type : For the Crown which the daughters of S●on are commanded to behold , is that great glory which the Father gave the Sonne , entring into his office , testifying from heaven , This was that his beloved Sonne , in whom he was well pleased . And likewise annoynting him above his fellowes by the Spirit , himself descending in a visible shape , and resting on him , Matth. 3. 16 , 17. The Church ( whose husband he is , and by some reason her sonne , as we have seen before ) put this Crown on his head , by acknowledging him to be King and Head of the Church . The Sonne of God , the Lambe which took away the sins of the world ; the Messias himself , who had all power in heaven and in earth , and whom the faithfull sought , and obtained of him , to be dispossessed of devils , healed of diseases , and a remedy in all their troubles . It was manifest what opinion they held of him , and of what incomprehensible Majesty indeed he was . All the time from the beginning of his office , until his passion , was the day of his espousalls or marriage , as he hath taught himself , calling his Disciples the children of the wedding chamber , and himself the Bridegroome , Matth. 9. 15. and by the Parable of a certain King , which made a M●r●iage for his son , Mat. 22. 2 , &c. This was the day of the gladnesse of his heart , when with a ready and willing minde he earnestly indeavoured to effect all those things which belong to our salvation ; that hee preferred the care thereof before meat , and all other necessaries of his life , John 4. 32. The daughters of Jerusalem should not be moved with this glory , but only the daughters of Sion , the Citizens and free Denizens of the City of the heavenly Ierusalem ; these moved with the divine beauty and excellencie of this King and Crown , should slock unto him every where by heaps , making the hypoc●●tes afraid , lest all men should believe in him , Iohn 11. 48. CHAP. IIII. 1 BEhold , thou art fair my love : behold , thou art fair : thine eyes are like the doves : among thy locks thine hair is like the flock of goats , which look down from the mountain of Gilead . 2 Thy teeth are like a flock of sheep in good order , which go up from the washing : which every one bring out twins , and none is barren among them . 3. Thy lips are like a thread of skarlet , and thy talke is comely : thy temples are within thy locks as a piece of a pomegranate . 4 Thy neck is as the tower of David , built for defence : a thousand shields hang therein , and all the targets of the strong men . 5 ▪ Thy two breasts are as two young roes that are twins , feeding among the lillies . 6 Untill the day break , and the shadowes flee away , I will go into the mountain of myrrhe , and to the mountain of incense . 7 Thou art all fair , my love , and there is no spot in thee . 8 Come with me from Lebanon , my spouse , even with me from Lebanon , and look from the top of Amanah , from the top of Shenir and Hermon , from the dens of the lions , and from the mountains of the leopards . 9 My sister , my spouse , thou hast wounded mine heart , thou hast wounded mine heart with one of thine eyes , and with a chain of thy neck . 10 My sister , my spouse , how fair is thy love ! how much better is thy love then wine , and the savour of thine oyntments then all spices ! 11 Thy lips , my spouse , drop as honey combs : honey and milk are under thy tongue , and the savour of thy garments is as the savour of Lebanon . 12 My sister , my spouse is as a garden inclosed , as a spring shut up , and a fountain sealed up . 13 Thy plants are as an orchard of pomegranates , with sweet fruits , as camphire , spikenard . 14 Even Spik●nard , and saffron , calamus , and cinamon , with all the trees of incense , myrrhe , and aloes , with all the chief spices . 15 O fountaine of the gardens , O well of living waters and the springs of Lebanon . 16 Arise , O North , and come , O South , and blow on my garden , that the spices thereof may flow out : let my welbeloved come to his garden , and eat his pleasant fruit . The Resolution . VVEe saw in the end of the former Chapter , how the Bridegroome was adoro●md in the solemnization of his marriage : Now the beauty of the Spouse is shewed by h●r ▪ Eyes , Teeth , Lips , Temples , Neck ▪ Breasts , vers ▪ 1. 2 , 3 ▪ 4 , 5. The praise whereof at length is stayed by passing to a greater perfection , Vers . 6. And hither●● of the legall Church and the Euangel●call : the beginning of one joyned to the end of the other ▪ Now of the Euangeli●all Church , full and perfect ▪ what a one it should be after our red●mption ▪ by the death of Christ and his resurrection . Of this Church , in the rest of the Can●icles , ●s a double description ; divided and ●●njoyned . The first considereth the p●ou●ar and different Churches which should be upon ●arth , 〈◊〉 the second coming of Christ ; which ▪ for the more plainnesse , we cull them sisters : the one ●lder , the r●st younger sisters : Wee call her elder and first begotten , which was conceived and brought forth in the Discipl●s , whom Christ collected , which forthwith after his resurrection , increased wonderfully , and is yet growing inour this time : The younger shall spring up in the last age of the world , which we yet exspect . The eldest is described in a diverse fortune , flourishing , decayed , and restored : Flourishing , V. 7. 8. 9 , 10 , 11. Decayed , partly inclining to ruine , in the rest of this Chapter ; partly lying dead ▪ in the whole fifth Chapter : and restored at length , in the beginning of the sixth . THE EXPOSITION . Vers . 1. Behold , thou art fair my Love , behol● , thou art fair : thou hast Doves eyes within thy lockes , thy hair is as a flock of Goates that ●ppear from Mount Gilead . IN the last verse of the former Chapter was taught how the solemnity of the Marriage began . Now the Bridegroome in his own words sheweth how the Bride was adorned . All which is but to let us see the state and condition of the Church which Christ himself chose present here in earth : whos 's first arising was like a pillar of smoak ; but after he began his office , he came forth in a most divine glorious shew , as sliding from heaven ▪ She is first commended for her eyes ; by the sight wherof , is often understood Indgement , and U●derstanding : for the which she was commended by Christ himself , who published those eyes blessed that saw the things which the Bride then saw , Luke 10. 23. He also gave thanks to his Father , that hee had hid these things from the wise and prudent , and revealed them to Babes , Luke 10. 21. Her eyes were Doves eyes , that is , chaste and shamefast , looking only on her own Husband , as appeared by the words of Peten himself . ( when others fell away ) declared he knew not whither else to go , Iohn 6. 68. yet though these eyes were cleer , they were within her locks , that is , they were so covered with harre , that the brightnesse thereof was somewhat hindred : the multitude of the faithfull being contemned and despised . This Dove ▪ like chastity of the Bride was so covered , that she seemed a disorderly company to th● proud Pharises : Do any of the Elders , or of the Phari●es believe on him ? but this common people which know not the law are accursed , Joh. 7. 48 , 49. Yet this sight was not so sharp at first , but grew by degr●es , it was alwayes pure and true , bu● small in the beginning : They were ignorant of the death of Christ , much more of his resurrection ; his doctrine also was oftentimes little understood : Are yee not without understanding ? Mat. 15. 26. Neither doth he upbraid them only that once with ignorance and dulnesse , their haire scatteringly and disorderly hanging , hindred their sight . Her second praise is of the haire it self , that she might not be thought deformed by it . Now this haire betokeneth the whole multitude of the faithfull of those times , fitly set forth by their number : her comparison to a flock of goates , may be understood ( if I be not deceived ) partly of that which goeth before , and partly of that which followeth . Before , the godly Israelites scattered through the ten tribes are called Goates . Chap. 1. 8. Whose flocks are said to be lesse and thinner , because they scatter themselves and keep not together as sheep do . As Varro saith in his second book of husbandry . Christ indeed had many hearers , but few amongst them which truely believed : of many called few were chosen . The head whereon the faithfull depend is Christ , which was thought then to be with as great danger , as the Goates hang on the sides of Mount Gilead , or any other steep hill or rock . If any did confesse him to be Christ , he should be cast out of the Synagogne , Iohn 9. 22. Therefore Nicodemus durst not be seen in this mountain of Gilead in the day time . Such was the : condition of the Church at that time , her pietie quick of understanding and chaste , but covered with hair and hid from the world , not having yet obtained ripenesse , it was yet thinne and reproachfull , not daring to joyn together without great danger . Vers . 2. Thy teeth are like a flocke of sheep that are even shorne , which come up from the washing : whereof every one bear twinnes and none is barren amongst them . These teeth ( compared to a flock of sheep ) are the disciples of Christ , whom he appointed as faithfull and wise disposers to give every one of his houshold their allowance in due season , Luk. 12. 41. They must also be strong and of a kinde of bonie nature , to whom the care was committed of preparing , and as it were , chewing meat for others the better to digest it . These sheep are even , like the cherubi●s , 1. King. 6. 25. If it be asked why Christ sent his twelve Apostles two and two to preach , instructed all with like power , of teaching , of working miracles , &c. Mark 6. 7. It was because he would truly set before us the two golden cherubims just of the same length , breadth and largenesse of every part equally . So that Peter was not more excellent then the rest , but there was one commune administration , one authority , one jurisdiction ; And the same measure had the 70. Disciples , afterwards , both among themselves and among the twelve , whom he also sent out two and two , with the very same Laws and commandments which the former had , Luk. 10. 1. The disciples came up from the washing instructed by baptisme : cleansed from all filthines of ●in by faith in Christ . Lastly , their fruitfulnesse is declared by every one bearing twinnes and none barren among them . This belongeth to the fruit which followed their preaching : for the disciples having performed their message , returned with joy ▪ because the devils were subject to them by that name which they declared . But Christ sheweth them of a larger fruit , which they durst not hope for . I saw ( saith he ) Satan as it were lightning falling down from heaven . As if by some violence ( at the voice of the Gospel ) he had been driven out of his Kingdom , Luke 10. 18. Vers . 3. Thy lips are like a thread of scarlet , and thy speech is comely : Thy temples are like a pe●ce of a Pomegranate within thy locks . The lips figuratively do signifie speech , whose praise is twofold : slendernes and colour . As small as a thread & as red as scarlet , which two , shew the doctrine of those times . As in form it was most pure , sincere and m●st divine , & therfore compared to a small silk thread : So the matter in a speciall manner setting forth his death is compared to scarlet . Who would not kisse and reverence those lips , which spake not of the earth , but of heaven from whence they came ? Iohn 3. 31. 32. Blessed were those times which sounded with the voice of God himself : when all his words were dipped in scarlet , and all his doctrine as it were coloured with blood , by often mentioning of his sufferings , Mat. 16. 21. &c. But these ( you will say ) are the lips of Christ himself and no● of the Church . He is the head of this body , and therefore the Church then spake with his lips . He that heareth you , heareth 〈◊〉 and he that despiseth you , despiseth me : and he that despiseth me , despiseth him that sent me , Luke 10. 16. And thy speech is comely . This some translate , Thy solitarines is to be desired , for the word in the originall signifieth both , which word it seemeth the wise Salomon useth advisedly to signifie both , for though his words seemed harsh to the Scribes & Pharis●es , ●scoming out of a desert , stopping their ears at his w●rds , ●●e the deafe adder , as it was foretold , Psa . 58. 5. &c. yet their servants conf●ssed , that never man spake like him . Iohn 7. 46. No marvell then though the godly hearers were so taken with his words that they oftentimes forgat to provide things necessary for themselves , Mark 6. 36. Hitherto of the speech , now followe●h of the Temples like a piece of a P●megranate within her Locks . The Temples are that part of the head which extendeth it self from either part of the forehead , between the eyes and the ears , even to the crown of the head , and being next unto the head and placed above the eyes , teeth and lips , they seem to signi●ie those which are appointed to be Ecclesia●ticall governours in the Church , which ●hould refresh the flock with sweet and pleasant juice , distilling from them with a fragrant smell like a piece of a Pomgranate . Notwithstanding , the Church in those dayes lived contemptuously in the sight of the world , and , as it were , hid and covered , as the temples are with locks of haire . Vers . 4. Thy neck is like the to●er of David , built for an Armory , whereon there hang a thousand Bucklers , all shields of mighty men . So were the lips and the temples : Now the neck is compared to the tower of David . This tower seems to be that in Nehemiah , Chap. 3. 19 , 25 , 26. which is called , The Armory of the corner : The neck is that bond wherewith the head is joyned to the body . Now that bond whereby Christ is joyned to the Church , is partly of the Spirit , partly of the Humanity received , Ephes . 2. 21 , 22. and 4. 16. and 5. 30. The spirituall is common to all things . The other then first began , when putting on our nature he lived here on earth , which seemeth best to agree with the Metaphor in this place . The beauty of this neck is set forth as well in regard of the end , as of the use . The end , that it should be as a tower , built to hang swords in , that kinde of weapons wherewith enemies are beaten and vanquished . The use , that it might be an Armory for all mighty men . As concerning the first , He therefore took our humanity , that the world , the law , sinne , the devill , hell , and all the crue that fight against our salvation might be overcome and conquered . Be of good cheer ( saith Christ ) I ●ave overcome the world , Joh. 16. 33. The devill was foyled in many combates , while the only begotten lived in our frailty , he brought many large spoyles into this Armory , immortall publishers of his divine vertue : But this true Sampson , by his death overcame his enemies , he consecrated the sword of Goliah to the Lord , and overspread and covered this whole Tower with spoyles . In this triumphant Chariot he spoyled principalities and powers , &c. Col. 2. 14 , 15. These were the chains and collars wherewith the neck of the Church was adorned in those dayes . The use of this Tower is that , here should hang a thousand Bucklers , and all Shields of the mighty . These Armes are of that kinde wherewith every one is covered and defended . All the ancient mighty ones , which from the beginning of the world have triumphed over sinne and death , have been abundantly supplyed with weapons out of this Armoury , which was only faith in Christ , as it is plain , Heb● . 11. through the whole Chap. Vers . 5. Thy two breasts are like two young Roes , that are twins which feed among the Lillies . These two breasts are the Apostles and Disciples which Chr●st sent before him into every City and place whither he himself would come . They were of a low condition and simple at first , like young Roes new yeaned , called from their nets to the office of teaching : They were twins sent forth two and two , all alike in disposition and manners , many in person● , one in doctrine : see before , verse 2. They spread abroad the knowledge of salvation through the whole Countrey as swiftly as the Roes are wont to run over the hills . It was but a little time that they spent in their legacie , yet left they nothing undone which was given them in command . If you ask how these breasts were supplyed with milk , which they should yeeld to others , The young Roes feed among the Lillies . In the company of the Elect , which smell most sweetly and pleasantly in Christ , ( for such are the Lillies afterward , Chap. 6. 1. ) they drew abunda●tly which they taught to others : These things shall su●fice to declare the conditions of those times . Vers . 6. Vntill the day break , and the shadowes fli● away : I will get me to the mountain of myrrhe , and to the hill of frankincense . Here is the same time repeated which was spoken of , Chap. 2. 17. The Jewes interpret this mountain of myrrhe , the mountain of Moriah , where Isaac was bound to be sacrificed , Gen. 22. 2. and whereon the Temple was built in the place that David had prepared in the threshing floore of Ornan the Jebusite , 2 Chron. 3. 1. Also in these few words is comprehended that whole History from Mat. 16. 21. unto the end of that Gospel . Neither are these words ( I will get me ) without Emphasis : for thereby is shewed , that Christ ascended into this mountain of his own accord , not drawn thi●her by force of enemies , nor compelled by perswasion of friends , for they rather exhorted him to favour himself , Mat. 16. 22. and were moved with great grief at the mentioning of his death , Iohn 16. 6. This Hill of Frankincense was Mount Golgotha , whereon that only sacrifice was offered to God the Father by Christ the Sonne , whereby hee is reconciled to the Elect for ever , Mark 15. 22. Here was the sword of that triumpha●t Emperor hung about the necke of the Church , wherewithall our deadly enemies were slain at once . Now we see how this skilfull craftsmam hath painted out the state of the Church so long after his time , with more then mortall wit , describing the ornaments of her flourishing estate , comforting the calamities of her afflicted estate , and sweetly rejoycing at the felicity of her estate restored . With how divine words hath he comprehended the birth , infancy , office and death of Christ ? Here is the last end of the old Church , and the beginning of the new : For the death of Christ brought that midday , wherein the old shadowes utterly vanished , never to returne again . Verse 7. Thou art all faire my love , there is no spot in thee . So far of the Legall Church ▪ Now of the Christian Church only as it was at Christs resurrection , ( A. D. 34. ) & from thence hath increased unto this day , the flourishing condition whereof is declared in these five next verses : for Christ departing into the hill of Frankincense by his death and buriall , was not long absent , but rose early the third day by power of the Spirit , and returned to his own , with whom he conversed 40. dayes , shewing them all things which belong to the Kingdome of God ; making and acknowledging the Church by his instructions : sound , perfect and absolute . She was never all faire till now , she was many times before commended for her beauty ▪ and by the divine mercy , wherein the Father beholdeth her in the Son , she is alwaies glorious , Ephes . 5. 26. 27. Sanctified and clensed with the washing of water , by the Word . But now she was in her most pure and flourishing estate , Not having spot or wrinckle , or any such thing , but holy and unblameable . Now she obeyed Christ onely , adding nothing of her owne , neither changing or omitting any of those things which he required to be done and observed . This perfection lasted the first 300. yeere● : though somewhat declining towards the end ▪ yet tolerable all that space , without any great spot of deformity . Verse 8. Come with me from Lebanon ( my Sp●use ) with me from Lebanon , looke from the top af Amana , from the top of Shenir and Hermon : from the Lions Dens , from the mountaines of the Leopards . The meaning of this verse will be the better understood if we first run over the words . Lebanon is a famous hill on the North borders of the Land of Israel . Amanus far more Northerly , toward the West of Syria ▪ being a parcell of the Mount Taurus , and stretching to the River Issicus , from whence one may behold Syria , Mesopotamia , Cilicia , and all the lesser Asia . Shenir and Hermon are two hills on the East side , Deut. 3. 9. These hills are called Lyons dens and mountains of Leopards , not so much bec●use wilde beasts did live in them , but rather men of fierce and cruel dispositions , Heathen Idolaters , void of all knowledge and fear of God. This inviting then , whereby the Bridegroome solicite●h his spouse to look down upon him from these mountains , teacheth the propagation of the gospel after Christs resurrection , wherby the fierce and cruell nations should be admitted into the Church of God. Now the woolf should dwell with the Lamb &c. Isa . 11. 6. The Church was before shut up in the narrow bounds of Indca ; The doctors were breasts indeed , but they yeelded milk only to the Israelites , they were dry to strangers . Now the Iewes & Gentiles should draw together of the same fountain , so that by Christ both had an accesse by one Spirit unto the Father , Eph. 2. 18. Christ led his spouse as it were by the hand from Lebanon and the other mountains , when the brethren dispersed by persecution , preached Christ first to the Grecians , Act. 8. 1. and 11 , 20. At that time he was preached to the Samaritans , the Eunuch was baptized and Peter warned by a vision to call nothing common or unclean , Act. 10. 15. This joyfull mess●ge went all the world over , but the first report of it flew towards the north and East , Philip ( the Spirit commanding him ) went neer unto Gaza , but straightwayes returned from thence to Azotus ▪ Acts 8. Vers . 9. Thou hast ravished my heart ( my sister , my spouse ) thou ●●st ravished my heart , with one of thine eyes , with one chaine of thy n●ck . This eye and chaine are the Church of Antioch enclosed with the mountains Amana and Lebanon : who by the labour and diligence of Paul and Barnabas , and the working of the Spirit , the Bridegroom was with good cause ravished with this eye which shined with so great light , yet the beautie thereof chiefly glistered , when some contending to have the Law joyned with Christ , this Church withstood them , and by Barnabas ▪ and Paul in the Synod of the Apostles at Ieru●alem , maintained faith only in Christ sufficient to salvation , Act. 15. And then was the chaine hung about her neck , when she was fir●t called a Christian , Act. 11. 26. The humanitie of Christ was before the neck of the Church , now the name of Christ is the chaine of th●t neck . And being a Gentile , yet is now a sister to the Jewish Church . And to shew that she is as deer to him as the Jewish , He ●●lleth her also his spouse . Vers . 10. How fair is thy love ( my sister , my spouse , ) how much better is thy love then wine and the smell of thine oyntments then all spices ! Love is taken figuratively for the effects whereby it is shewed ▪ O●ntments are gifts of grace , which the Father bestow eth on the Church for the Sons sake , he acknowledged her love before this time , yet now ( in the space remaining of the flourishing Church ) in this and the next verse , she sheweth most apparent arguments of high●st and most unsained love . For love that cannot be withdrawn by adversity is ever most precious and pleasant . But no times yeelded more matter of triall of ▪ constancy , then those ( An. D. 60. &c. ) of Nero , Domitian , Trajan● and the other Romane tyrants , who left nothing unattempted that either hatred of the truth might yeeld them , or power might perform , whereby the Christian name might be altogether extinct . But it was wonderfull , how the tyrants were wearied with killing , and the Christians incouraged in dying . So that it was no marvell , if ( these boxes being broken ) the smell of the oyntments most pleasantly spread it self farre and wide . The ten books of Eusebius his Ecclesiasticall history are full Commentaries of this and the next verse . Vers . 11. Thy lips ( O my spouse ) drop as the honycomb : Hony and milke are under thy tongue : and the smell of thy garments is like the smell of Lebanon . The honycomb of the lips is sweetnesse of speech . Hony and milk , pleasantnes of Doctrine ; milk is chief among those things that nourish , and hony in the faculty of preserving . The garments are chiefly the covering of Christs righteousnes , with which only the nakednes of the Saints is covered , that they dare appear in the sight of God ; the hem of which garment is outward honesty and soundnes of manners and discipline . The mount Lebanon reaching many miles , set full of cedars and other sweet smelling trees , yeelded such a strong fragrant smell , that no ill favour whatsoever could take away the sweet perfume thereof . So in this Church faith imbracing the righteousnesse of Christ , and holines of life , breathed forth such a sweet smell , that he which would endeavour to quench that , should be lesse able to do it then to exceed all the odoriferio●s perfumes of Lebanon joyned together by a greater smell . Wherefore that we may see the application : first we know that the Greek eloquence now chiefly attended on the truth , for God raised up Dionysius the Areopagite , Quadratus , Aristides the Athenian , Dionysius of Corinth , Melito , Apollinarius , Polycarpus , and many o●her eloquent men , by whose pleasant Orations the Lips of the spouse dropt like a Hony-comb , and her tongue flowed with profitable speech as with a most pleasant fountain of milk . Then concerning the smell of her garments ; no times were ever more fruitfull of Heretickes , which laboured with their filthy comments , to take away the most divine favour of truth ▪ and bring it to nothing . But this sweetnes of Lebanon could not be overcome . But the smell of her garments was afterward weakned , therefore no marvell if filthy errours prevailed . The holines of the Church was t●stified as well by enemies ( such as was Plinie the second , in Eusebius lib. 3. chap. 33. ) as by friends , Justine , Tertullian , and Cyprian , which mervellously set forth the sweetnesse of her garments . This dignity continued in some measure , untill the time of Dioclesian the Emperour . Indeed the truth and regard of manners and honesty by little and little began to decay , pride privily creeping in ; yet the smell of the garments for the first 300. yeeres remained sound and uncorrupted , without any notable change as the Spirit foretold it . Vers . 12. A Garden inclosed is my sister , my Spouse , a spring shut up , a fountain sealed . Ye have heard how the Church in her flo●rishing estate was all fair : Now followeth her declining Condition , and first how she ran to ruine , threatning a fall , before she fell away altogether . In this verse is propounded her double estate , one in respect of stran●ers , the other in regard of her own houshold . As to strangers , it is a garden inclosed : To her own , A spring shut up , a ●ountain seal●d . The Church is often compared to a Vine , her safety ( wherewith God vouchsafeth to defend her from the rage of her enemies ) to a Wall , a Hedge or Inclosure , as Psal . 80. 8 12. and Is●y 5. 1 , 2. But now the Church was void of such defence for three hundred yeers . Fortified by no power of Princes , or authority of Magistrates , or any Ordinance of Lawes . Yet at length God stirred up Constantine the Great , who fenced this Garden with a wall , rooting out the Tyrants , and restraining all hostility that might disturbe the peace , and ●quietnesse of the Church . And not onely freed her from the power of her enemies , but confirmed her liberty by Lawes a●d Ordinances , and also advanced her to great honour and dignity , Euseb . lib. 2. Now the Garden was inclosed and fenced from the invasion of all her enemies . But what was she then in respect of her own houshold ? A spring shut up , a fountain sealed . From common Theeves , we defend our fortunes with walles and houses ; from private theeves , which live with us in the same houses , we keep our goods in Chests with lockes . Therefore the fountain sealed sheweth , that all had not leave to draw and to drinke , which lived within the inclosure of the Garden : for seeing the fountain and spring yeeldeth lively juice to hearbes and trees , many which had room appointed them in the Garden wanted this wholesome watering of true life . Which altogether agreeth with that in the ▪ Revelation , Chapter 7. 2 , 3. and 11. 2 , &c. and 12. 6. The fountain was sealed to many given over into a reprobate sen●e to imbrace Arianisme , and others given wholly to superstitions newly sprung up , wherewith miserable men were so blinded , that they had no more power to come to this spring of salvation , then if they had bin shut out with barres and bolts . Now was the glory of the Church much diminished , which of late was all faire . Vers . 13. Thy plants are an Orchard of Pomegranats with pleasant fruits , Camphire with Spiknard . Vers . 14. Spikenard and Saffron , Calamus and Cynamon , with all trees of Frankincense , Myrrhe and Aloes , with all the chiefe Spices . This description is according to the proprieties which are wont to be seen in a pleasant Garden or Orchard . First well senced , and after set with choice trees , then watered plentifully with sweete water , fourthly placed in a fresh ayre , and lastly , fruitfull and profitable . In the former verse we have the fencing : Now behold the planting which consists of two sorts of Trees : some for fruit , some only for pleasure . The one plainly shewed in the first words , an Orchard of Pome-granates , the other in the words following , with pleasant fruits . As there are two sorts of Trees : so are there two orders of the Members in the Church , one publike , the other private . The Pomegranates signifie those which labour in the word and doctrine , or in the politike government of the Church . The pleasant fruits are the Christian Congregations , ready to obey their Governours , which though they are not to be compared to the fruit Trees , yet by reason of their obedience and consent , they much adorne this Orchard . Of these pleasant fruits there are two sorts , some more common , as Camp●ire , or Cypres , and Spik●nard , some more scarce , as Spiknard and Saffron , &c. Vers . 14. The more vulgar shew the unlike measure of gifts , wherein all are not the eye , nor all the ●are , ●s the Apostle speaketh ▪ but indued with great variety of graces profitable to the perfecting of the body of Christ , 1. Cor. 12. 4. 5 ▪ &c. The more scarce are of three sorts ( for the divers degrees of private men ) Hearbs , Shrubs and Trees , all of sweete and pleas●nt perfumes : which sh●weth that the Christians inc'osed within the compasse of this fenced Garden abounded in graces , aswell the lowest and the midlemost a● the highest , every one in their severall degrees . The ornaments which Constantine bestowed upon the Church , as Riches , Honour , Immunities , magnificent buildings , of Temples , and the like were meere delights , like an Orchard set with Pomegranate plants . The trees and fruits here mentioned seem to signifie those countries where they grew , to bee first inclosed within this Fence . As by Pomegranates Carthage and other places in Africa ; Camphire and Spikenard our European Nations . Neither was it rashly done to reckon these in the first place , for Europe was then the chiefe part of this garden , most famous for the multitude of the faithfull and purity of the truth . Vers . 15. A fountain of Gardens , a well of living waters and streames from Lebanon . To the fencing and planting is added watering , without which the beauty of the garden would soon decay . The fountain is commended , because it is of Gardens , because it is a well of living waters , and which flow from Lebanon . Hee speaketh now of many gardens , because the garden is common , that is to say , one Church divided into many ▪ particular Congregations and Parishes , like beds or borders in a Garden . Now also it is called a Well , which of late was but a Fountain and spring , because it is digged deep against the heat of the Sun , for drying it up . Living water● , which flow continually and never faile : whose Spring the Church hath never wanted . Nay the Head it selfe of the fountain whence we all draw , and those most pure Conduite-pipes ( the Apostles ) which received the water flowing from the first Fountain , lived not long before . Now is mention first made of Living waters in regard of the Councell of Nice , of so many learned and Religious men out of all parts of the earth . By whom the rivers of living waters runne into each part of the Church , much dried up with the Arrian heate . Constantine himselfe was that Lebanon from whence these waters did flowe . He called the Councell , maintained it at his owne cost , and confirmed it by his authority . Vers . 16. Awake , O North-wind , and come thou South , blow upon my Garden , that the spices thereof may flow cut . Let my beloved come into his Garden , and eat his pleasant fruit . The first member of this verse seemeth to be the words of the Bridegroome : for the Lord of the Garden speaketh , saying , Blow upon my Garden : But the Bride is the Garden her self , and not the Mistresse of i● : for inviting him into the Garden , she truly and modefily confesseth it to be his , not hers ▪ Let my beloved ( saith he ) come i●to his Garden , &c. Here is the temperature of the ●yre added to the watering . Neither doth the Bridegroome intreat that a supply should be made from any but himself of that which should be fit for the garden ; but to shew what ayre the Garden should use at those times . By the North and the South ▪ are meant Europe and Africk , who stoutly defended the truth in those times , against the Arrian heresie . Lastly , of the fruit whereunto he is invited : for it is no idle invitation , only for f sh●ons sake , but for gre●t use , to expresse the condition of those times . Let my love ( saith she ) come into his Garden , and eat his pleasant fruit ; which words , no doubt , are of the Spouse , giving the Garden to her beloved , not challenging it to her self , as is said before : for without doubt , she perceived that her beloved had withdrawne himself , otherwise , had the invitation been in vain . There was an excellent outward shew , but within , all things were defiled with Mosse and Rust ; Envie , Brawlings , Contentions Ambition and Heresies , had almost abol●shed true pietie : so that the Church necessarily ( leaving the multitude , who preferred a bare name only ) lurked , as it were , in darknesse , with a few Citizens . This solitarinesse happened when the fountain was sealed , as is said at the 12. verse : for then many more were within the bounds of the Church , then had leave to drink of the Fountain . Then was the Dragon thrust out of heaven , and the woman fled into the Desart , as we have shewed in the Revelation . The meaning is , the Church much flourishing outwardly , Christ left her ▪ vold of true piety , as more plainly will appear by his answer in the next verse . Vers . 17. I am come into my Garden , my Sister , my Spouse , I have gathered my myrrhe with my spice : I have eaten my hon●-comb with my hony ; I have drunke my wine with my milke . Eat , O friends , drink , yea , drink abundantly , O beloved : Or , and be drunken with loves . They commonly expound it , as if ( yeelding to her request ) hee should say , Thou do●st intreat mee to come into the garden , Loe , I come , thou hast thy desire . But the History directeth us to another exposition , as if he should say , whereas thou desirest that I should come into the Garden , to what end should I come ? my harvest and my vintage , and time of delights are past : I was t●ere long since , and gathered my myrrhe with my spice , &c. I have laid up as ▪ much as I pleased , now nothing remaineth wherein I should take pleasure . Thus saith the Bridegroome . This harvest and vintage were presently at the fencing of the garden , as soone as Constantine obtained the Empire : for then the fruit ( getting heat of the Sunne ) was quickly ripe ; And the good Husbandman lost no opportunity ▪ but gathered infinite store of all kinde of fruits while the time served ▪ But after he departed from the Garden , he returned no more ▪ till a thousand two hundred and threescore dayes were ended ▪ Rev. 11. 3. For the Bridegroome must be so long absent , as the Bride hid her self . Therefore these words teach no short and swift return into the garden ▪ but yeeld a reason why he was not in a long space to be expected . The second part of the answer belongeth to his fellowes or friends . Eate ( saith he ) O friends , and be drunken with loves . This word be drunken , is sometimes in Scripture taken for drinke abundantly , Gen. 43 ▪ 34. or sufficiently , but most commonly ( in the worser part ) for overmuch drinke , depriving the senses : These words very well expresse the state of those times , declaring those which boasted to be the Bridegroomes friends , to be puffed up with too much prosperity , most basely abusing it ; giving themselves wholly to the throat and the belly , as if they were out of their wits . So that whatsoever the godly Emperor gave for the comelinesse and commodity of the Church , they changed all to her shame and destruction . It is most pleasant to consider how expresly the Holy Ghost long before painted out these things , which at length should happen in the Church , the like whereof we see still continueth . And hitherto of the Church inclining to fall , it ceased to flourish , when the Bridegroome first departed the garden , and as soone as Constantine came to the Empire : As long as hee lived she was in great glory , but presently after followed the darknesse . CHAP. V. I Am come into my garden , my sister , my spouse : I gathered my myrrhe with my spice : I ate mine honey combe with mine honey , I dranke my wine with my milke : eate O friends , drink , and make you merry , O welbeloved . 1 I sleepe , but mine heart waketh : it is the voyce of my welbeloved that knocketh , saying , Open unto me , my sister , my love , my dove , my undefiled : for mine head is full of dew , and my lockes with the drops of the night . 2 I have put off my coat , how shall I put it on ? I have washed my feet , how shall I defile them ? 3 My welbeloved put in his hand by the hole of the doore , and mine heart was affectioned toward him . 4 I rose up to open to my welbeloved , and mine hands ●id drop down myrrhe , and my fingers pure myrrhe upon ●he handles of the bar . 5 I opened to my welbeloved : but my welbeloved was gone and past : mine heart was gone when he did spe●ke : I sought him , but I ●ould not finde him : I called him , but he answered me not . 6 The watchmen that went about the City , found me : they smote me and wounded me : the watchmen of the wals tooke away my vaile from me . 7 I charge you , O daughters of Jerusalem , if you finde my welbeloved , that you tell him that I am sick of love . 8 O thou the fairest among women , what is th● welbeloved more then other welbeloved ? what is thy welbeloved more then another lover , that thou dost so charge us ? 9 My welbeloved is white and ruddie , the chiefest of ten thousand . 10 His head is as fine gold , his lock●s curled , and black as a raven . 11 His eyes are like doves upon the rivers of the waters , which are washt with milke , and remaine by the full vessels . 12 His cheekes are as a bed of spices , and as sweete flowers : and his lips like li●ies dropping down pure myrrhe . 13 His hands as rings of gold set with the chrysolite . his belly like white yvory covered w●th saphirs ▪ 14 His legs are as pillars of marble , set upon sockets of fine gold : his countenance as Lebanon , excellent as the cedars . 15 His mouth is as sweete things , and he is wholly del●ctable ▪ this is my w●lbeloved , and this is my lover , O daughters of Jerusalem . 16 O the fairest among women , whither is thy welbeloved gone ? whither is thy welbeloved turned aside , that we may seeke h●m with thee ? The Resolution . HItherto of the Church declining and running to ruine . Now l●ing prostrate she is doubly described : First how she neglected her beloved calling her , vers . 1. 2. 3. Then how she ●ought him in vaine b●ing gone : the fruit thereof is shewed , ●oth how she was used of the watchmen , vers . 4. 5. 6. and how of the daughters of Jerusalem , who kindled with her mervellous praises of him , promi●e their fellow labour to seeke him : in the rest of the Chapter . THE EXPOSITION . V●r●e 1. I ●●eep , but my h●art waketh , it is the voyc● of my beloved that knocketh ●aying , Open to me my sister , my love , my dove , my und filed ; for my head is filled with dew , and my lock●s with the drops of the night . THe negligence of the Church lying thus is declared ; First by her drowsinesse , then by his enticing call , and lastly by the flight causes of her excuse . Sleepe caused her outward sen●es to be benummed , that she neither regarded nor consi●ered how superstitions arose , as it happened to the Housholder , Mat. 13. 25. Neither could it be otherwise , ( when the Bridegroome left the garden , and his friends or fellowes drunken with prosperity , wholly gaping after riches and honours , all common good despised ) but sleepe would overcome the Spouse , wherein outwardly she should not differ from a dead woman , howsoever the heart sho●ld move and liv● , the seede of faith not altogether quenched . This drow●inesse crept in in the time of Constantine , when a gap●ng heaviness● with a continuall desire of sleeping , so oppressed the Spo●se , that the sharpest sighted P●stors could not use their outward senses : not perceiving how ambition crept in among the Bishops ; and not onely that , but now they began to consecrate Temples to Saints , earnestly to seeke their Reliques , to worship them with prayers ; and to beleeve that prayers made in the honour of Saints at their Sepulchres did profit much . Who could now tell whether the Church were sleeping or waking ? who neither loathed nor perceived such things . When Constantine was d●ad , Christ found the Church asleepe , and sought by all meanes to stir her up , both by knocking and calling . He knocked by persecutions in the times of Constance , Iulian and Valens , of whom though Iulian were a profest enemie , ( A. D. 368. ) yet the other two exceeded him in cruelty . After their tyrannous raigne , God stirred up Valentinian in the West parts , by whom Christ lovingly called his Spouse , that returning unto her former integrity she should open and let him in . Then taking away Valens , he called more earnestly at both dcores ( as i● were ) as well in the West as in the East , by Gratian and Theodosiu● the elder : after by Arcadius and Honorius , then by Theodosius the younger and Valentinian the third . And lastly ( that there might be foure paire as it were answerable to the foure voyces , My Sister , my Love , my Dove , my undefiled one ) by Marcian alone in the East ▪ These Emperours studied and laboured very religiously to defen● ▪ and enlarge true Religion ; but the Church was in all the fault , who having these helpes prepared , would not use them to r●cover he● former brightnesse . To this readines of the Emperors was added the voyce of the most excellent Bishops and best learned men of that time : As Basile , Gregory , Nazianzen , Ambrose , Hierome , Chrysostome , Augustin● , and other the lights of that time . But seeing hi● profession of ●ove could nothing move her , he tryeth what his shutting out of the doores at night would doe . My head ( ●aith he ) is filled with dew , and my ●ockes with the drops of the night . The lockes of haire signified before the congregation of the faithfull , among whom true Religion was now so much decayed by new and foolish Ceremonies , borrowed partly of the Iewes and Gentiles , and partly invented of their owne idle braines , that the grasse is scarce more covered with drops of dew in the night , then the Church was at that time with superstitions . Verse . 2. I have put off my coate , how should I put it on : I have wa●●ed my feete , how should I defile them ? It was great negligence in the Spouse to give her selfe so much to sleepe : but pardon her heavinesse . Why opened shee not when hee knockt and called ? was she so buried in sleepe that she heard him not ? it is plainely seene , she answered him quickly . But was she so benummed that she could neither move hands nor feete ? Neither was that the matter . But when she heard and might open , she made an idle excuse . I have put off my coa●● ( faith she ) and washed my feet . The coat is Christ and his only imputed righteousnesse ; but as soon as we look on our selves and seek righteousnesse in the perfection of our own vertue , we spoil our selves of this garment , and our filthinesse appeareth presently to God and the Angels . And so we may wash our feet with oth●r waters , that we may seem to our selves most clean . So much was the doctrine of free justification by Christ alone decayed at that time , and another mean of washing and purging the feet found out besides him : that no coming to Christ by faith alone , was commonly beleeved without danger of defiling , &c. Vers . 3. My beloved put his hand by the hole of the door ▪ and my ●owels were moved for him . Here beginneth the second part of the chapter of seeking th● Bridegroom , the degrees whereof are diverse , the moving of her bowels , his withdrawing of himself , her opening the door , her enquiring , her crying out , and how the watchmen entertained her . It is manifest by the first of these words that he loosed his hand from the hole of the door , wherby appeareth that he not only knocked and called , but also sought to put back the bolt , his hand was ready at the hole when the godly Emperors called sacred councels to pull up the tares which wicked idle men had sowen in the Lords field . It is excellent , how Marcian the Emperor in the councell of Chalcedon exhorted the fathers oftentimes to apply all their studie to root out her●sies and all wicked instructions , that the true and holy faith might appear , or shew it self . What might not the Bishops then have done if they had known their opportunity ? But one would have thought , it should have been their own chiefest care , without the Emperours admonition . The like paines took the two Emperours Theodosius the Nephew and the grand-father in those famous councels of Ephesus and Constantinople : the Bridegroom did his part to take away the ●arre , but the spouse would not : therefore he withdrew his hand and took away all power to remove the bolt . For after Marcian was dead , such barbarous cruelty raged in the west ; and ob●curitie , ●●oth and covetousnesse raigned in the east , that he which before sought for entrance was now no where to be found . Vers . 4. I rose to open to my beloved and my hands dropped with myrrhe , and my fingers with swe●t smelling myrrhe upon the handles of the lock or bolt . After the spouse ( afflicted with dayly miseries ) had learned how great loss● her negligence had procured : she seekes now to recover it by diligence . And shaking off floth , goes to the door , which endeavour of hers ( her fingers dropping with myrrhe ) proves to be to God most sweet and acceptable . The spouse arose when Leo Isaurus raigned , who endeavoured to root out worshipping of images lately brought in , in the former ages . But Constantine his son ( A. D. 755. ) in the seventeen councell of Constantinople ( who soundly condemnning that hainous abomination by the holy scriptures ) set his hand to the bolt or lock that shut out Christ : which holy enterprise of his flowed with myrrhe . Charles the great assayed the like at Franckford , about forty yeers after , 795. but that which was decreed in the councell wanted successe , ●o● no reformation followed . Vers . 5. I opened to my beloved , but my beloved had withdrawen himself and was gone : my soul failed when he spake : I sought him , but I could not finde him , I called him , but he gave me no answer . She opened to her beloved , but he withdrew himself and was gone . Her soul failed when she remembred how lovingly he had called her . He sheweth himself to be present and seen of the Church in the worship by himself ordained . This prophesie agreeth with those times , when Leo Isaurus , Constantine his son and Leo Copronymus endeavoured what they could to take away idolatry , to remove the bolt and open the door to the beloved : but so great and such horrible corruption of all piety remained , that Christ could not be seen in his outward worship . The Emperors rightly did their duties to root out that which most manifestly appeared ; but they past by many grosse errors untoucht . Whose contagion the Bridegroome flying , withdrew himself so ●arre off . They which were awaked out of this idolatry were inflamed with a marvellous desire of Christ : but it rather increased their grie●e , then recovered their former happinesse . Vers . 6. The watchmen that went about the City found me : they smote me , they wounded me . The keepers of the walls tooke away my vail from me . These watchmen differ much from those , Chap. 3. 3. who ( it is like ) knew whither the Bridegroome was gone , and might be found again ; for she asketh them whether they saw him , but shee ●●yes nothing to these , assured of their ignorance , and would have been glad to have passed by them in safety . Likewise those forme● watchmen , though they could yeeld her no help , ( sailing in the same vessell ) yet forbare to lay violent hands on her : but these beat and wound her , and reproachfully take away her vail : who , though they be far unlike in courtesie ▪ and humanity , yet their common name shewes some agreement in Office. Wherefore they are the Rulers and Governors , Emperours , Bishops , Prelats and men of such ranke , as the event plainly teacheth . For as soon as the truth began to appear : in how shamefull a manner was she received of the wicked world ▪ and especially of those which would be accounted Watchmen of the City ? She was smitten with reproaches , lyes and Cursings in the time of Gregorie the second : by whom Leo Isaurus was excommunicated for putting downe the worshiping of Images . But by the councell of Nice under Constantine ( sonne of Leo ) and Irene his mother , ( by compulsion or Instigation of Pope Adrian and Torasius , Bishop of Constantinople ) ( 788. ) shee was cruelly wounded . The watchmen within the City are the Ecclesiasticall Teachers and Rulers . The keepers of the walls , the civill Governours . But in the time of Theodora , the Empresse , and Michael her sonne , the vaile was taken away ; so that the Church had neither Priest nor Magistrate to defend her . These were the times wherein the Spouse kept her bed , and was never seen abroad by many yeers : the worst times that ever shee indured . Shee was much troubled in minde ( her heart failing her ) in the Wine-cellar ; as before , Chap. 2. 4 , 5. yet then she was supplyed with Flagons , and Apples , nay , her beloved came quickly to her , and imbraced her ( ready to fall ) in both his armes : but here she is smitten and wounded , h●r vaile taken away and laid for dead : but no Flagons or Apples , or hope of her beloveds coming : for no man durst speak or look freely to testifie his will , much lesse to reach out an helping hand to the truth lying prostrate . The comon Harlot of Rome may then see how far she is estranged from this Spouse , who boasteth so much of her visibility since her first beginning . Vers . 7. I charge you , O daughters of Ierusalem , if yee finde my beloved , that yee tell him that I am sick of love . If yee finde my beloved ( saith she ) tell him ( do you ask what you shall tell him ) that I am sick of love . After she had conc●aled her self a long time , at length ( impatient of longer delay ) she begins afresh to seek her beloved : she goes to the daughters of Jer●salem , her fellow Citizens , the Elect , and sheweth them of her grief , how she had sought him ; and though shee were without hope of finding him , yet if they chanced to light on him , they should bewaile before him the miserable fortune of his af●licted Spouse , that by their tears he mi●ht be the sooner moved to come speedily to her aide ; which sheweth , that after long silence , some godly men should bewaile t●● calamity of the times and desire reformation , which was done about the yeer 110● . after all mention of the trueth ceased , being altogether buried 260. yeeres and more since ▪ the vaile was taken away . For about that time a Florentine Bishop openly began to lament the Misery of the Church , and doubted not boldly to affirm Antichrist to bee come already . Also one Arnold a Romane could not hold but with the losse of his head bewailed the grief of the Spo●se . And Hildegarde the Prophetesse , to whom the Church appeared in a vision , in the forme of a woman wailing : her face sprinkled with dust by the Priests ▪ her garments rent and torne : the innocent Lambe driven from her by their fault , and many the like . Adde unto these Bernards complaints upon the Canticles and others . Afterwards there arose many , and more and more every day , which freely professed their grief . By whose tongues the Spouse declared her misery to the daughters of Ierusalem . Verse . 8. What is thy beloved more then another beloved , O ▪ thou fairest among women ? What is thy beloved more then another beloved that thou doest so charge us ? These daughters of Ierusalem were the friends of the Spouse . They call unto her familiarly and lovingly , and ( better sighted then others ) they acknowledge her most beautifull , being naked and compassed with darkenesse . Yet were they altogether ignorant of her beloved , otherwise they would not have asked what he was . They shew great desire of knowledge , asking again and again to be shewed him . At the complaint of the godly doctors , the studies of the Elect were stirred up : so that hee which promised onely the first lineaments of true piety and Religion , had great companies following him . See the multitude ●locking to Petrus Walde●sis ( about the yeer 1160 ▪ ) a private man , not graced with any ambitious titles . Vers . 9. My beloved is white and ruddie , the chiefest among tenn● thousand . Shee willingly yeeldeth to their desire , hoping to get what she sought for , the sooner by their meanes . The answer is threefold Common , sp●●iall ▪ and mixte . Which seemes to note out so many times , wherein there should be the like knowledge of Christ . Common in this verse , taken aswell from things inhe●ent as from Circumstances . The things inherent declare the excellent sweetnesse of the lively colours of Christ , which concernes those times of the Waldens●s , when the aforesaid Peter made his house as it were a Schoole of Sacred learning , where he taught the Ca●●chisme and first rudiments of Religion ; turned the Bible into their owne language ; translated some writings of the Fathers , and by his diligence and piety brought it to passe , that at length the beautifull colours of Christ shining with pure holinesse , and Red with the merits of his death , might be seen of all men which did not wilfully shut their eyes . The circumstances are 10000. men attending on Christ . For when the truth was discovered by Petrus Waldensis and his f●llowes , the Romane Antichrist seeking by all meanes to abolish the truth , spread it abroad unwittingly in many other places , whose fruitfulnesse was such , that about the yeer 1200. the Albigenses du●st joyne battell with the Antichristian Bands , which Innocent the third sent to destroy them , under the leading of Leopoldus the sixth Duke of Austria ▪ and Simon Earle of Mountfort . At length Reymond Tolosa●us and Petrus King of Tarracon came to aid the Albigeuses . Then might ye see the Bridegroom begin to shew hi●selfe again to the world , attended with 10000. truly Crosse-bearing souldiers ? Which had wandered many yeers before solitary and without company . Vers . 10. His head is as the most fine gold , his lockes are bushie and black as a Raven . An other part of the knowledge of Christ more plaine and evident then the former . For now the Daughters of Ierusal●m learn of the Spouse the excellency of the principall members which the world knew not by many ages . The head as the most fine gold , ( or , ( as it is in the originall ) gold of gold ) signifieth as much as King of ●ings . For all other wear Crownes of gold upon their heads , which with their Kingdomes may be taken away : but his head is as pure gold it selfe , because it is Eternall and Essentiall , which teacheth that Christ would now shew himself a King in the Earth . As it came to p●sse about the yeer 1216. in that long contention of Frederick the Emperour , the second of that name , with Hon●rius the third , Gregory the ni●th , and Innocent the fourth , then presently after the Albigens●●n Warre , that the Kingdome usurped of the Popes by Tyranny might be restored again to Christ , the right Lord or true owner . The bushie looks are the multitude of the faithfull , very comely and beautifull in those times for their mutuall love and imbracing one of another , yet wanting the brightn●sse of externall policy . The blacknesse of the hair be to keneth the Wars , troubles and persecutions of those times bewailed by many . As some of Sweveland at Hallis , Robert Groster Bishop of Lincolne , Matthew Paris , Guilihelmus de sancto Amore , Arnoldus de villa nova , cryed out , that all Christian people by craft of the devill had gone astray from the truth of our Lord Jesus Christ , that the faith which the people commonly had was like the faith of devils : and that all Christian people were led to hell . See how rightly they are compared to the colours of a Raven , they were so black and disordered . Neither did this deformity then first invade her , but then she b●gan first to be acknowledged and bewailed . Vers . 11. His eyes are as the eyes of Doves by the rivers of water , washed with milke and fitly set . Christ carefully looking on his spouse boweth down his head that he may behold her the more neerly and exactly . As the doves bow their necks with eyes inclining towards the water when they desire to quench their thirst . And where the spouse was deformed altogether with dust , he useth no sh●rp remedy , but applieth much mercy and gentlenesse in cleansing her outward filthinesse . His eyes are f●tly set , not overn●●ch standing out nor too much dipping in , but fitly placed to behold the whole condition of the Church . These eyes of the Bridegroome so delectable , were shewed to the world by Michael Cesenas and Petrus de Carbaria about the yeer 1277. together with Iohn de Poliaco , all which Pope John condemned : Because first , they taught diligently , that P●ter was n●n●on● head of the Church then any other Apostle : neither did Christ ●e●ve after him any vicar ●r head of the Church . Which evidently declareth the first part of the similitude , that Christ beholdeth his Church with no lesse attention , then the thirstie and drinking doves beho●● the waters with ●ttentive eyes . Secondly , they taught plainly , that The Church hath no power to correct any one with coactive punishment ( as th●y ●●ll it ) much lesse hath the Pope any such power to correct , punish , institute or remove any one in the magistracie . Whereby they ▪ prove the Pope clean contrary to Christ ▪ the one washeth away spots with milk , the other with salt-peter , the one restraine●h and pu●isheth faults with the word , the other with the sword , &c. Thirdly , they taught that Priests and elders had all a like authority ▪ power and jurisdiction : Emperors indeed had given a high degree to the Popes , and might take it away again at their pleasure . The Pope raged when Michael taught this , but the holy man proceeded and ●eased not to preach that the Church was a striving place of piety , not a race of Ambition . And seeing that full vessels might satisfie ever● one , it was terrible that the Clergie should so sham●fully contend for honour either with the laitie or among themselves . The covetous and ambitious have never enough , but their minde alwayes thirsts for something more : whereby they plainly shew , that either they never lighted on that full river , where the Bridegroom quietly resteth , or they are of another disposition , contrary to him whose name they falsly pretend , &c. Vers . 12. His cheekes are as a bed of spices , as sweet flowers : his lips like lillies , ●ropping sweet smelling myrrhe . The greatest part of the countenance is in the cheeks , which of Christ are most apparent unto us , when he raigneth openly in the Church , in holy institutions , which he hath given to be kept by his Church till his coming . These cheeks are first likened to beds new made in a garden , and presently to sweet flowers , which elegantly setteth forth the swift and speedy increase of the knowledge of Christ : the flowers immediately following the sowing . The fruitfull ripening of thi● seed was furthered by the preaching of Robert French Anno 1290. Who by many visions set forth the lamentable condition of the Church , and declared openly that the Pope was an Idol , a Serpent , a wooden head . And the spouse which was presented unto him with a glittering silver crosse very beautifull and excellent as well in life as doctrine . Hitherto the following member of the verse doeth seem to belong . His lips like lillies dropping sweet smelling Myrr●● . Now the Bridegroom began to be famous by the puritie of teaching , which yet durst not but only mutter and whisper without lifting up the voice boldly . Vers . 13. His hands are as gold rings set with the Beryll : his belly is as bright Ivory overlaid with saphirs . Hitherto hath the Bridegroom been set forth to the world in some speciall members from Frederi●k the second to Robertus Gallus , by almost 100. yeers . The hands are the instruments of Action , and in scripture they figuratively signifie works . The Jems included in the rings seem to signifie the ministers of the word , which elswhere Christ carryeth as stars in his right hand , Rev. 1 , 20. But these times yeelded not such splendour . These things shew a change and alteration of that which Christ would bring to passe by the labour of his ministers , as it hapned about the yeer 1300. which was called the first resurrection of the dead . For now the thousand yeers were ended wherein Satan was bound , and the dead raised from their graves . Very many now began more boldly to set forth the truth : As Dan● the Florentine , Marsilius Pa●avinus , William Ockam , Iohn of Gaunt , and many others . Philip , the French King , despised Pope Boniface , Lewes of Bavaria , strove long time with these most humble servants of servants for the right of the Empire . Edward of England made shew unto many , how little he esteemed the Popes authority . By the Bowels or Belly , bright as Iv●ry , overlaid with Saphirs , may be understood the two Sacraments . For the Word of God is open to the view of every one , as the month and countenance , neither is it wont to be hid from strangers : but the Sacraments serve only for the houshold , as the bowels , which are appointed only to that body whose members they are , but serve to no use for strangers . These things therefore , as it were , with the finger , point to those times of Ioh● Wickliff , ( 1370 ) who taught openly , that the substance of materi●ll bread and wine remain in the Sacrament of the Altar : the accidents of br●ad remain not without the subject in the same Sacrament : Christ is not really in the sacrament , in proper presence corporally . Beringarius spake against this wicked error , 200. yeeres before , but the time was not yet come , wherein the hands of the Bridegroome should be seen full of Rings , whence his enterprise wanted successe . Vers . 14. His legs are as pillars of Marble , set upon sockets of fine gold : his countenance is as Lebanon , excellent as the Cedars ▪ The beginning of this verse , se●●eth forth the nether parts ; whose chief praise consists in strength and stablenesse . All would faile , un●esse that which upholdeth were sufficient to beare the weight . Wherefore the Bridegroome standeth immoveable on such strong bases : And lest we should thinke that his strength wanteth beauty , loe , the legs and feet are of gold ; So that from the crown of the head to the soal of the feet , hee shineth with infinite glory and Majesty . Yet is there no doubt , but these things belong also to the history : therefore these two golden bases , whereon the Marble pillars are set , seem to point out John Husse and Hierome of Prague ; as is the perpe●uity of Marble , such was their con●tancy to indure death willingly for the truths cause , induring a triall by fire , as the pure●t gold . They differed from the Popelings in many things : but this chiefly bit the mitred fathers , that they gravely reprehended their wicked and lascivious lives . This was the ulcer that could not indure scratching , which made them rage so fierc●ly against them : this was about the yeer , 1415. The other Member of the verse , 〈◊〉 countenance●s as L●b●●o● , ex●●llent as the C●dars , His countenance is seen here on'earth , in the true knowledge of Christ , and by his true worship , which he himself hath appointed . Now the Spouse , com●●ring it to Mount Lebanon , sheweth thereby that there should be so great an increase of knowledge and renewed worship , that the profession of Christ should continue as firm as the hils themselves ; and as the Cedars of ●ebanon exceed other tre●s in length , so should tru● Religion excell all scratching and pricking superstitions in reverend Majesty , which most f●●ly agree with the times presently following , wherein the B●hemians shook off the Romish yoke , 1420. Now first began the Word to be truly preached , the Sacraments to be administred in either kinde , wicked supe●stitions to be rooted out , Monasteries to be beaten down , and the Priests constrained to till the Land , or to yeeld some better fruit , &c. Vers . 15. His mouth is most sweet , yea , he is altogether lovely : This is my beloved , and this is my friend , O daughters of Ierusalem . His lips ( at the 12. verse ) dropped myrrhe : here the mouth foundeth sweetly ; both lips and mouth betoken the Word and Preaching , only the lips whisper obscurely : the palate and open mouth yeeld a more sounding voyce . Such was the voyce of the Bridegroome heard in the Ministers of Bohemia , preaching the truth freely , and without feare , in despite of Antichrist . Hee is altogeth●● lovely ; there is nothing in him but that which is most to be desired , with greatest care and study . This is my beloved , as if she should say , seeing yee have so earnestly desired to know the excellencie of my beloved . Thinke with your selves , that I have not trifled , nor done any thing unfit for a modest woman , in that my earnest indeavour of seeking him and of charging you : but the honour due to his merits far exceeds all my study . These words do plainly teach , that the Church in her true members , at that time , bestowed all diligence in seeking Christ . And now wee see by this prophesie ( which with noted foot-steps hath exactly shewed the path-way through this Wildernesse ) by what degrees the knowledge of Christ appeared again from Frederick the second , ( after infernall darknesse covering the world by the Bishop of Rome ) untill about the yeer , 1420. Vers . 16. Whither is thy b●loved ●one , O thou fairest ●mong women ? whither is thy beloved turned aside , that wee may seeke him with thee ? This sheweth the great desire of the faithfull to seek Christ , offering their fellowship , and promising common aid in seeking . Which came in fashion , when the Bohemians got their liberty : for afterwards they were holpen with the writings of many learned men , as the Wald●●●es , Albingenses , Wickliffe , John Hu●●e , and Hierome of Prague , with all those before named . Lastly , the Bohemians , by ▪ whose diligence the beauty of Christ , by little and little , appeared in his members to the world . It was wonderfull , how they were presently kindled to seeke the truth in England and Germany , and many other places , so that all corners ( of our coasts at least ) sounded againe with the voyces of them , asking , Whither is thy beloved gone thou fairest among women ? whither turneth thy beloved ? Yea , this speech was so generally received , that many daughters of Ierusalem , which knew him not before , nor touched with any desire of him , now offered their ayde to seeke him . The Art of Printing hapning at the same time , ( 1440 ) by Gods singular benefit , did greatly helpe to set forth his fame , which continued 70. yeeres and more , and could not be stayed by any meanes . CHAP. VI. MY welbeloved is gone downe into his garden to the beds of spices , to feede in the g●rdens , and to gather lilies . 2 I am my welbeloveds , and my welbeloved is mine , who feedeth among the lilies . 3 Thou art beautifull , my love , as Tirza● , comely as Ierusalem , terrible as an army with banners . 4 Turne away thine eyes from me : for they overcome me : thine haire is like a flocke of goates , which looke down from Gilead . 5 Thy teeth are like a flocke of sheepe , which go up from the washing , which every one bring out twins , and none is barren among them . 6 Thy temples are within thy lockes as a piece of a pomegranate . 7 There are threescore Queens , and fourescore concubines , and of the damosels without number . 8 But my Dove is alone , and my undefiled , she is the onely daughter of her mother , and she is deare to her that bare her : the daughters have seene her , and counted her blessed : even the Queenes and the concubines , and they have praised her . 9 Who is she that looketh forth as the morning , ●aire as the moone , pure as the ●un , terrible as an army with banners ! 10 I went downe to the garden of nuts , to see the fruits of the valley , to see if the vine budded , and if the pomegranates flourished . 11 I knew nothing , my soule set me as the charets of my noble people . 12 Returne , returne , O Shulamite , returne : returne that we may behold thee . What shall you see in the Shulamite , but as the company of an Army ? The Resolution . SO much of the Church cast down ; now of the Church restored , in the whole and in the parts . The whole , as well summarily , both in respect of the Bridegroome , verse 1. 2. and in respect of the enemies verse 3. as severally by reason of certaine members of the whole body , verse 4 , 5 , 6. The parts are particular Churches , as Queenes , Con●●bines and Virgins , verse 7. amongst all which , one Dove excelleth , verse 8. And such is the eldest Sister . The younger are either a Prince●●e , or other inferiour Churches . Her condition is partly growing , partly of full age : her beginning is summarily delivered , vers . 9. Afterwards severally expressed , and how it was done , verse 10. 11. 12. and what kinde of one she was when it was done , Chap. 7. THE EXPOSITION . Verse ▪ 1. My beloved is gone down● into his garden , to the beds of spices : to ▪ feede in the Gardens and to gather Lillies . IN the beginning of the description the Spouse seeketh her beloved , not knowing where he was : as we have seene in the former Chapter . Now she taketh on her to teach that which before she desired to learn. To descend into the garden , is onely ( as hath beene often said ) to be present ( as it were ) to be taught with the hands , and seene with the eyes in purity of doctrine and integrity of all ex●e●nall worship . Which hapned in the times of Martin Luther , 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 1●●7 . At what time the Spouse began somewhat to recover her health and strength . The Wald●n●es , Wick●i●● ▪ the Bohemi●ns and other daughters of Ierusalem had taken great paines in seeking the Bridegroome , but the garden was never prepared with beds and borders for him , till now , when Frederike Duke of Saxonie by his own authority protected and defended the Church newly sprung up in Wittenberg a City of his dominion . Here was the only garden at the first , and therefore she faith , My beloved is gone down into his garden . The truth was plentifully sowne there , but little reformation for the first four e yeeres , therefore is there but one garden mentioned . But shortly after more gardens were added to this one , as Tigurum , Argentoratum , Basile , Berne , Geneva , and also the Provinces of Hassia and Prussia , so that the second part of the verse faith rightly ; He went downe to feede in the Gardens , for now there were many gardens made by distinction of fence , yet were all planted with the like fruite . He came not into this garden any longer to behold the bare and naked beds , but as it were feeding the elect by the nourishment of his word , he at the length gathered lillies in baskets and separated them from the wicked world , which Lillies were first gathered at Wittemberg , when the Masse began to be discontinued and the Supper more purely to be administred in the yeere 1521. The yeere following the Images were cast out . After three yeeres Tyg●r●m and Argentoratum were reformed . This comming into the garden and gathering of Lillies is the harvest spoken of , Rev. 14. 14 ▪ 15. Verse 3. I am my beloveds , and my beloved is mine : he feed●th among the Lillies . She triumpheth in the same words as she did upon her returne from Babylon , Chap. 2. 16. by which free profession , she declareth the boldnesse and constancie of those times , wherein the truth need no more whisper in corners , in feare and doubting , but might publish her selfe openly and be publiquely celebrated by the common speech of many men . Neither was the supportation of the Bridegroome lesse apparent in defen●ing her mightily against her enemies . For if the hatred of the multitude , the rebukes of the Doctors , the curses of the Popes , the condemning of the Emperour , the conspiracies of Princes , the confiscation of goods , the danger of life , and all other things threa●ning present death , could have terrified the Spouse from pro●e●●ing her beloved : faith had bin utterly lost . The Spouse claimeth her beloved to be h●●s in the words of Melan●thon to Prince Frederick . Let us go on co●stantly , howsoever the world rage . Such was the mutuall imbracing of Christ and the Church at that time . Verse ● ▪ Thou art beautif●ll O my love , as Tir●a● , comely as Jerusalem , terrible as a● Jerusalem Army with Banners . The explanation of this verse is divided into three times . The Beginning , Middle , and End. In the beginning she was faire as ●i●●●h , which Solomon without doubt foresaw , should be the chiefe City of the Israelites after the ten Tribes fell from the other two . It was a pleasant City , whence it tooke the name , ( 1 Reg. 14. 17. ) but ( as-well by the estimation of men as in truth ) it was but a l ortresse of Robbers and rebels . And no other was the Church esteemed to be of her enemies ( when her beloved went downe into his garden , and some time after ) but a rebellious City , disobedient to ●rinces and Governors , and to carry a cer●aine show of Tirzah ▪ And thus the Church remained like unto Tirzah from the yeere 1529. ( when the Argentinenses joyned with the Helvetians , ) till the death of Charles the 5. in the yeere , 1558. And then she began to be ●omely as Ierusalem , when the unpleasant name of Tirz●h grew out of use , which hapne● in the beginning of Queene Elizabeths Raign in England , in the yeere 1558. And in the yeere following in Scotland , Geneva , the Helvetian and German Churches , in Denmarke , Norway , and Sweveland , and other places of the reformed Religion . Not that they were altogether free from hostile invasion , great troubles shortly arising in France and the Low-countries : yet partly by her own increase , partly her adversaries tyred and ceasing somewhat from outward force , she was so much exalted , that her very enemies could not but admire her beauty and comelinesse , whose beginnings they despised . The last age of the restored Church , is terrible as an Army with Banners . She shall bestow all her time in warlike preparations , and undertakings . For the hellish furies will not suffer her enemies to re●t , neither will she endure her selfe to be rent and torne by the Wolves , but resist the injury with an armed hand ▪ Whereby she shall become fearefull to her enemies , as she hath done these many yee●es in England , France , and the Low-Countries . But this is nothing to that terrour which shall shortly follow , when Antichrist himself and his Ensign-b●arer ( the King of Spaine ) and all that carry his marke shall be so d●●troyed by the Spouse , that no mention of the●●●all remaine . Vers . 4. Turn ●way thine eyes from me , for they have overcome me : thy Layre is as a flock of Goats that appeare from Gilead . Now she enters into a speciall com●endation of ce●tain members , whereby the civill government of the Church may the better be understood . This cleernesse of sight , without doubt , was shewed in the doctrine of Justification by faith , whereby the Church ( not with squint but right eyes ) beholdeth Christ , and all his righteousnes and excelle●cy . And whatsoever excelleth in the judgement of the world , to be losse and dung to it , Phil. 3. 8. This eye was very dim in former times , untill Martin Luther divinely drew away those darke scales : For he wiped away all humane satisfa●●ion● , merits , supererogations , indulgences , confidence in their own received wicked superstitions ; and shewed the yoke of the law to be more grievous then all the Popes Buls were able to uphold ; neither afterwards could the wicked Councel of Trent , nor the Germane Interim ( forged altogether with fraud and deceit ) dazle the sight of these eyes , but that they could discerne the authors of these deceits , spreading their nets in vain ; neither was our Engl●nd lesse sharp-sighted , when not only the Pope , but also the Papacie , was utterly rejected , by the authority of our Josias , that most holy King , Edward the sixth , of blessed memory . We see the divine beauty of these eyes , which at this day ( God be thanked ) is the same in all reformed Churches . The common people of the faithfull , signified by Hayre , is altogether the same , as it was in the first Church , Chap. 4. 1. scattered , contemned , put in great danger , which yet by no means , could be compelled to leave Gilead , and returne to Bethaven . Vers . 5. Thy teeth are as a flock of sheep which go up from the washing : whereof every one beareth twins , and there is not one barren amongst them . The Teeth are alwayes taken for the Pastors and Ministers of the Word , as Chap. 4. 2. where they were sent forth , two and two ▪ instructed with the like gifts and messages : As Sheep are of a mild● and pleasant disposition , and far remote from all ambition , so should the restored Church shine with faithfull Pastors ; the true successors of those former , adorned with the self-same Ensignes as neer as the time would suffer . They which before boasted themselves to be Pastors , had altogether cast away the charge of preaching , and yet these men would be heires of the Apostles ▪ whereas they were strong teeth ; these filthy rotten bones : they Sheep ; these Lyons . But at the length sound teeth sprung up again , such as were Luther , Melancthon , Bucer , Zuinglius , Oecolampadius , Capito , Calvin , Peter Martyr , and many others , whose names are written in heaven . And verily the truth of this Prophecie , seemeth very apparent in the decree made at Geneva , in the yeere 1550. namely , that the Ministers not only in Sermons , ( which some neglected , some heard them with small profit ) but also severally through houses and families , at a certain time of the yeere , with a Magistrate of the City should instruct every one , and require a reckoning of every ones faith . And it is scarce credible what fruit followed , as Beza sheweth in the life of Calvin . Ver● . 6. As a piece of Pomegranate , are thy temples within thy locks . This is the fourth agreement of this Church with the first , which we have shewed to belong to the Ecclesiasticall and civill government , in the use whereof the Church restored should be happy , which appeared by the holy Discipline restored again at Geneva , by Gods singular benefit , together with the Gospel , in the yeer 1541. Which wee also see to be done in other Churches at this day ; as in Helvetia , Rhaetia , France , the low Countries , and Scotland , wherein the government requiring holinesse of life , according to the rule of doctrine , the truth flourisheth fruitfull● and inviolably . But you will say , these times which we have described , shine not in all Reformed Churches ; whereunto I answer , It is sufficient if we finde some such thing in any one Congregation : for this by a common necessity , shall belong to the commendations of all . And this is the summe of the agreement . Vers . 7. There are threescore Queens , and fourscore Concubines , and Virgins without number . Having spoken compendiously of the Church restored ; some things are now briefly propounded , particularly in these two verses , wherein he divideth the severall Congregations into three ranks , according to their degrees of purity : namely , Queens , Concubines , and Virgins or Maids ; And ●he that comes neerest to truth and holinesse , the Bridegroome holdeth her dearest ; wherefore the Queens are mighty , and flourishing Churches , which excell the rest in purity . The Concubines are of a lower ranke ; they are admitted to the Bed , but far from the honour and excellency of the lawfull wives ; having no dower themselves , nor are their children to inherite . The Virgins are in the lowest place , as servants and handmaids , altogether estranged from any familiar acquaintance , they have imployment in the house , they have victuals and clothing ; they are reckoned to be of their Masters houshold , but are not partakers of his goods ; they labour not for themselves , but for their Masters . It is also to be observed , the Queens are numbred , and so are the Concubin●s ; but the Virgins ( as of no reckoning ) are without number . This distraction into such different degrees hapned about the yeere , 1563. When Iohn Brentius and Iames Andrewes , rent the Church in pieces , with that unluckie division of that monstrous Vbiquity . It was before sowne by Luther , but he stayed the contention about it as long as he lived . But Brentius revived it ; and three yeers after , Illyricus , and other Doctors out of far Countries ▪ came to Antwerp , and renewed that error , whereby the face of the Church , even in her infancy , was miserably defiled ; besides , Anabaptists and Libertines , Antitrinitarians , new Arians , and I know not what other monsters , which wasted and spoyled Transilvania , and the Regions thereabouts . The English , Irish , Scottish , Belgick , Geneva , Helvetique , Rhetique , do flourish ( God be praised ) with the dignitie of Queens , whereof the Germane , the Danish , Gotique , and Sweveland Churches , and others cleaving to their opinions , have taken a crowne to themselves , and have gotten the place of Conc●●●nes . Among the Virgins I reckon the Anabaptists , Libertines , A●●itrinitarians , Arians , and the like , which now altogether miserably waste and destroy Moravi● , Polonia , Hungaria , Transilvania , and a great part of Denmarke . To these may be added the Roman filthy sinck , wheresoever dispersed . We have seen the whole Song marvellous hitherto , but now especially , when we come to things present . Behold then the condition of the restored truth , into what unlike degrees she at length should fall by a great separation . The Spirit foretold a lamentable successe : this age feeleth it , and every day plainly threatneth a farther departure . Vers . 8. My Dove , my undefiled is but one , she is the only one of her mother , shee is the choice one of her that bare her , the daughters saw her and blessed her , yea the Queenes and the concubines , and they praised her . Without doubt this Dove was one of the Queenes , far excelling in glory , and more beloved of the Bridegroome then the rest , adorned with a threefold testimonie : Of the Bridegroome , of her mother , and of the rest in the family . For the Bridegroome termeth her , his Dove , his Vndefiled one . Any thing may be one , which is one in manners and disposition , though absent in place and seate ; As the company of the faithfull are said to be one , though severed in far remote plac●s , whi●e they hold the same purity of Doctrine , and the like study of holinesse . The second testimonie is of her Mother , which is the Church and the Word to whose directions this Dove doth wholly apply her self . The third testimony is of the rest in the family . Fi●st , of the daughters who are particular Churches which are begotten of this onely Dove , from wh●m they draw their instructions and the whole course of administration . Next the Queenes and Concubines bear witn●sse both after one manner , but both very sparingly and more slenderly then the daughters , it may be through envie ; They acknowledge her fair and beautifull , but perhaps they keep the branch to themselves ; as jealous wives often do . All which sheweth how the wills were conjoyned , between the Dove , the Daughters , the Q●eenes and Concubines . Howsoever there be not the same degree of purity in all things . But where are the Virgins without number ? Why is there no commendation of theirs rehearsed ? Verely as they are further absent from familiar acquaintance of the Bridegroome , so are they more spitefully bent against his onely beloved Dove , neither ( through hatred ) can they say any thing well . Let us see then a more full distinction of the present Chuches which are either true or titulary . The true , are Queenes and Concubines . The Queenes again are either the onely Dove , or more : and this onely on● is partly the Mother , partly the Daughters . The titular Churches are the virgins . Who this onely Dove is , may easily be proved , if we consider the excellency of the Eyes , Teeth and Temples of the restored Church , for she that excelleth in the beauty of these members , must of necessity be that one onely Dove . Wherefore not trusting to mine own judgement but to the judgement of the Spirit himself : I beheld in this glasse the Churc● of Geneva , shining with the glory of this only Dove . For first let us consider the excellent comlinesse of the eyes , where sound and uncorrupt doctrine shineth , spotted with no comments of filthy flatterers , but especially the chastity of justification by faith , wherwith the Bridegroom is chiefly delight●d . But this beauty is common to the other Queens and also the Concubines ; Then let us behold the teeth , ●●mely the doctors , like a flock of sheep , simple ; harmlesse , not d●●dainfull , not luxurious , but content with a sparing diet : diligent ●n teaching , not so much troubled with worldly busin●s●e that they can have no leasure for the word and doctrine . Not undertaking the charge of many Churches and serving none , nor may he that take●● the charge of one Church neglect it by his absence . Neither is any thought fit for that pastorall function which can b●t only read . Lastly let us view the Temples , like a piece of a Pomgranate very beautif●ll ▪ The governors ●ogether with the Pastors most honest men , watching over the manners of every man , and correcting them by divine institution , not sending them to the Romish horse-leaches and the Antichristian decrees , the more to corrupt them , but ende●vour to redeem their sins and publike offences , rather by repentance then for mony . Neither doth she command any idle ceremonies but what necessary reason onely requireth . Lastly they which apply all to the authority which Christ hath given to the Chur●h , that every member may perform his duty hol●ly . The Spirit goeth no farther in the elder Church , because ( as it seemeth ) she shall persist in that variety which we now spake of : of Queenes , Concubines , Danghters , Doves and Virgins unto the end , wi●hout any notable change : and it may happen as corruption dayly increaseth , the Dove and the Daughters may be shut up in a narrow bound . Vers . 9. Who is she that looketh f●rth as the morning , fair as the moon , cleer as the sun , and terrible as an Army with Banners ! Hitherto of the elder Church , and of things as well past as present . All the rest of the Treatise respecteth things to come , which the more obscurity they have , the more leave and pardon they crave . But nothing is so plain wherein the vanity of ma●s minde erreth not extremly , unlesse it be governed by divine light : nor any thing so concealed that it can lie hid , if this enlighten him . Thou therefore which hast enlightned the former darknesse , give light unto these following , that we being taught thy will , and beholding the glory of thy children may cheerfully and constantly proceed i● our begun course of piety , neither terrified by any dangers , nor deceived by the deceitfull allurements of this world . It plainly appeared before , Chap. 5. 6. that by this manner of asking is declared the new birth or rising up of some Church , by which afterwards thrice repeated , is signified , to be so many arisings of new Churches , or rather the approaching of new people to one and the same Church . Although others also are added , whose a●●cription is not declared in this kinde of speaking , as we shall see in its place . Therefore wee divide the younger sister into three parts , whereof the first ( which is the Princesse ) is described from this v●ry place , to the fifth verse of the eighth Chap. The s●cond , from thence to the ninth verse : The ●hird in the tenth and eleventh verses thereof . The first of the sisters is the Church of the Iewes , whose calling is to be expected within these few ages . After , the seat of Antichrist ( the City of Rome ) shall be utterly destroyed , which is to be very shortly . Hither all circumstances leade , wherewith the Revelation agreeth , and many Prophecies of the old Prophets . This calling shall be do●ble : the first , from hence to the eighth verse of the seventh Chapter : The second in the rest . The condition of the first is in part ▪ briefly delivered in this verse , and after severally in the verses following . The generall explication teacheth what kinde of beginning and progresse there shall be for certain yeeres . The first conversion shall be like the morning ; The first growing age , faire a● the Moone : The stronger age , cleer as the Sunne : The full strength thereof , terrible , as ●n Army with Banners . It is likened to the morning , because it shall not only be of a doubtfull and obscure light ▪ ( as is the first break of the day ) but also , because the first light thereof f●all appeare from the East ▪ for Daniel ( speaking of this first calling ) saith , Rumors out of the ●ast , and out of the North , shall troubl● him , Chap. 11. 44. as more plainly ( God willing ) shall be said at that place . In which words ●e joyneth the North to the East , because the J●wes there banished , should gather together with those of the East to the same faith of Christ . In the Revelation , Euphrates is dried ●p , that a way may be made for the Kings of the East , Chap. 16. 12. After , when the new Ierusalem shall descend from heaven , the first gate ●●ull be Eastward , Chap. 21. 13. If you desire the time of this first co●version : God hath very much concealed the moments of time from us ; yet I suppose it is certainly noted out in the Scripture . And the day drawing neer , will adde a cleerer light unto it , Dan. 12. 4 , &c. But as neer as we can attain to it by conjectures , ( and those not light , as they seem to me ) it is to be expected about the yeer 1650 ▪ as at the twelfth of Daniel the eleventh and twelfth verses shall be said more plainly . Such shall be the beginning of this new light ; the progresse shall equall the beauty of the Moon , most cleerly enlightening the mighty darknesse , with a swift increase after the first appearing , shining in a few dayes , like the full Moon : as Esay cryeth out , Who hath heard such a thing ? who hath seen such things ? shall the earth be made to bring forth in one day ? or shall a nation be borne at once ? for as soon as Sion travelled , she brought forth her children , Chap. 66. 8. The riper age shall strive with the Sunne , in glory , light , and cleernesse ; the exceeding brightnesse shall be such ▪ that it cannot be looked upon ; yea , it shall be ▪ ●t length terrible to the enemies , no lesse then an Army ●●rnished with Banners . We may observe out of these comparisons , how much more excellent the condition of this Church shall be , then ever it was of any other . Great was the dignity of the former , but at the most declared by similit●des taken from the earth ; but here , as if the excellency of ●arthly things were not sufficient to set forth such glory , he ●●ies upward towards heaven , taking the Morning , the Moon , and Sunne for comparisons : Come Lord Iesu , let us quickly see that pleasant sight , the gathering together of our dispersed brethren , that all flesh may acknowledge thee the only Lord ; that thy unmeasurable faith and mercy which exceedeth all the straits of a created minde , may be celebrated and renouned in the mouthes of all men . Vers . 10. I went downe into the Garden of Nu●s to see the fr●●s●s of the Vallie , and to see whether the vine flourished and the 〈◊〉 ●●dded . The second part of the description expresseth severally what was spoken even now generally . Hereof are two members ▪ a prep●ration in this and the two next verses , and the performance of the worke effected in the chapter following . Of the first member ●●e three degrees . A visitation in this verse , sufficient abilitie in the next , and an effectuall calling in the 12. verse . That which we translate to the garden of Nuts , Tremelius turneth it to the garden of Pr●ning . How is the word fitted ? The Iewes a long time have beene pruned gardens , wherein God hath exercised most severe loppings and pr●nings , Rom. 11. 20. Neither doth this interpretation differ from the disposition of the Iewes , whose hearts were brawny with hardne●●e , Rom. 11. 25. whose stubbornnesse and obstinacie , Esay most divinely describeth , Chap. 42. 18 , 19 , 20. He calleth that people deafe and blinde , hearing and ●eeing much and observing nothing , neither laid they the most grievous ch●st●s●ments to heart , ver . 25. Also Chap. 6● . 2 , 3. Rom. 10. 21. The fruits of the Vally , another note whereby the Iewes are marked out , that they are as it were lateward trees bearing fruit very slowly , such are they that are planted in vallies , which the hills every way so hinder , that they cannot be refreshed with the heat of the Su●●e : Such then shall Christ finde the Iewes when he sh●ll visit them , like Nuts covered with a hard shell ; neither more excellent , with any branch or bud of true conversion towards God , whereby they may shew themselves to be ind●ed with any vitall strength from heaven , then trees planted in the s●adow of steep rocks , which ( other trees ●●ourishing ) remain as half dead : yet are there among that people both vines and Pomegran●tes . The hard winter as yet keepeth back the buds , but at length in fit time , the Sun of righteousnesse shall thaw that frozen earth , and shall afford a more gentle aire whereby they may breake forth freely . Vers . 11. Or ever I was aware , my soul made me like the Chariots ( or set me on the chariot ) of my willing people . So shall the people be when Christ shall first visit them . Now he teacheth the sufficient ability of the conversion . The meaning is ( that I stand no longer refuting other mens opinions ) as if he should say . I descended indeed into my garden , but I verily did suppose no such thing as at length hap●ed . I expected a stubborn and obstinate people , but after that I found them easie and ready to receive me ▪ my minde infor●ed me to shew my self unto them in stead of chariots , wh●●ewith I might quickly bring them into the Church and reckon them among her citizens . Undoubtedly he added a spurre to them running , neither would he be wanting to their study , whereby he might supply that which might help forward the begun work . Therefore ▪ Esay saith ▪ He shall bring all your brethren out of all nations for an ●ffering to the Lord ▪ with horses and chariots and litters and mules and swift beasts , to the hi●● of my holinesse , Chap. 66. 20. These chariots seem to be the ready aide that the Gentiles should bring the Jews , to recover their former seats . But did not Christ know what the study and readinesse of this people should be ? The things are spoken historically , that their conversion should be beyond all expectation : for as Esay saith , so that thou mayest say with thy minde , who hath begotten me these ? seeing I am deprived and am desolate . I have been a capt●●e and remain to and fro , and who hath brought up these ? behold I was left alone , these ▪ where have they been ? Chap. 49. 21 ▪ He sheweth a thing having great admiration : for time will reach many things to be in the Prophets , which we commonly interpret as though they were past whose event is yet to come : and especially ( as it seemeth to me ) in the calling of the Jewes ▪ which verily little considered of ours , hath darkned ( I will not say , perverted ) the proper and naturall meaning of the Prophets in many places . Vers . 12. Return , return , O Shulamite , return : return , that we may look upon thee . What will ye see in the Shulamite ? as it were the company of two Armies . The third member of the former c●uses . The effectuall calling . Which shall be earnest and thrust on with great enforcement , as the twice two doubled words do signifie : whether that of Esay s●●meth to belong , How bea●tifull upon the mount●ins are the feet of him that bringeth good tidings , that publisheth peace , that bringeth good tidings of good , that publisheth salvation , that saith unto Zion , Thy God raigneth . Thy watchmen , &c. Chap. 52. 7. 8. It is evident that that whole chapter entreateth of the last calling of the Jewes , whose felicity should be eternall , never to be interrupted , vers . 2. He also maketh mention of a threefold captivity . The Egyptian , the Assyrian and a voluntary , vers . 3. 4. 5. In which last hapned the most miserable condition of the Jewish people : wherein they have been since Christs time . For they were in times past inforced into Egyyt by hunger . Into Assyri● they were drawn by force of war. Only the Romanes did not compell them to t●rn , but they dispersed themselves here and there through the whole world of their own accord ▪ Or rather that they were in that place and re●koning in this last ●aptivity , as held for things of nothing : whose greatest worth any man might purchase at the vilest price , as Psa . 44. 13. And who seethnot his people , accounted for nothing in the m●ltitude of captives , partly sent to the Egyp●●an mines , partly slain upon the scaffolds of cities , where they were compelled to fight eitherwith wild beasts , or among themselvs to kill one another , as it came to passe at the dcstruction of Ieru●alem by Titus . Or if Adrian straightly forbad the Iews their country ●oil , yet this captivity was free , because the Romanes aimed not at any benefit by their service as the Egyptians and Assyrians did , but only the quietnesse of the province . Christ by the presence of his flesh brought them not deliverance from this captivity ▪ but will bring it at length , by turning their hearts to the faith . But perhaps Saint Paul saith the contrary , who applieth the same to the Apostles sent in times past , Rom. 10. 15. But I think it will seem otherwise if we well con●ider it ▪ his purpose in that place , is to prevent an offence taken of the Iewes incred●lity . Now there were chiefly two things which might make the Gentiles doubt . The ancient Lawes of the Jewes : and the present studie of piety ▪ Were not that most like to be the truth which a nation ( vouchafed so much honour before all others , and no lesse fervent as yet , with an earnest desire to wor●hip God ) should not onely acknowledge , but also pursue it most earnestly . In the former chapter , he opposeth election to the old Law : here he entreate●h of the study of ●iety ▪ where he granteth them zeal , but lest any should be deceived with the shew thereof , he teacheth how farre distant it is from true piety or Religion . The only right●ousnesse of God is the righteousnesse of faith altogether diff●ring from the righteousnesse of the Law , which alone while the Iewes sought for , they obtained not , what they desired , and in the mean time missed of the truth . This effect have the words from vers . 3. to vers . 14. Then making a difference of saving and legall righteous nesse , lest any doubt should ye● sticke in their stomackes ; he teacheth yet a little more plainely , why they could not approach to this saving righteousnesse , which he saith , is cheifly placed in calling upon the Lord , vers . 13. How ; saith he ▪ shall they call ● that is , How shall the Iewes call , &c. But let us returne to Salomon . It is to be observed that these words yeeld two arguments , whereby they may appear properly to belong to the Church of the Iews . First , because the exhortation or incouragement is expressed in a word of returning : wherby he granteth th●t the Nation which he now calleth , had bin before turned away : which cannot properly take place in any other , but in the Iewish Nation . Secondly , of set purpose for difference sake he ●alleth h●r by her countrey name , of the Old Sal●m : Whereas before confessedly through the whole Song , he had notified all the ●itizens of the Church gathered together as well of the Gentiles as of the Iewes , by the name of daughters of Ierusal●m . That is to say , by this difference it might plainly appeare , that he now turned his speech to the old Countrey breed , letting alone the new inhabitants which are free in the City by ●hrist ▪ Fou●thly , after the Convers●on he sheweth the Shulamite , by the s●militude of Tents ▪ that she ●●all ●eliver her self by Armes from the power of her enemies , whom she now serveth . For that of Ezekiel , 38. and 39 ▪ hapneth at the same time , when God and Mogog , that is ▪ the Turke and the Tartar with all the wicked Mahumetanes shall utterly perish by the sword of the Converted and returned Iewes . See Da● . 11. 44. and 45. Reve. 20. 9. Whither also belongeth that of Zacharie . When I shall stirre up thy sons O Zion against thy ●onner O ●●van , Chap. 9. 13. CHAP. VII . HOw beautifull are thy goings with shooes , O Princes daughter ! the joynts of thy thighs are like jewels : the worke of the hand of a cunning workeman . 2 Thy navell is as a round cup that wanteth not liquor : thy belly is as an heap of wheat compassed about with lilies . 3 Thy two breasts are as two young roes that are twins . 4 Thy neck is like a Tower of Ivory : thine eyes are like the fish pooles in Heshbon by the gate of Beth-rabbim : thy nose is as the tower of Lebanon that looketh toward Damascus . 5 Thine head upon thee is as scarlet : and the bush of thine head like purple : the King is tied in the rafters . 6 How fair art thou , and how pleasant art thou , O my love in pleasures ! 7 This thy stature is like a Palme tree , and thy breast like clusters . 8 I said , I will go up into the palme tree , I will take hold of her bowes : thy breast shall now be like the clusters of the vine : and the savour of thy nose like apples . 9 And the roof of thy mouth like good wine , which goeth straight to my welbeloved , and causeth the lips of the ancient to speak . 10 I am my welbeloveds , and his desire is toward me . 11 Come my welbeloved , let us goe forth into the field : let us remain in the villages . 12 Let us get up early to the vines , let us see if the vine flourish whether it hath budded the small grape , or whether the Pomegranates flourish ▪ there will I give thee my love . 13 The mandrakes have given a smell , and in our gates are all sweet things , new and old : my welbeloved I have kept them for thee . The Resolution . YOu have heard in what manner the Conversion was . Now is shewed the most glorious condition of the Converted 〈◊〉 well by the beauty inherent to every member , vers . 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. and the whole body , v●rs . 6. 7. as also the coming by chance of the Bridegroome , dwelling in her branches , vers . 8. and the savour of the Nose and Palate , vers ▪ 9 ▪ whereby i● commeth to p●●●e that they ●est perpetually in one anothers love , vers . 10. And such us the growing condition of the Princess , the young●r d●●ghter . The riper ▪ age shall bring worshippers in greater number , the occasion whereof is shewed , vers . 11. 12. 13. and the effect in the beginning of the Chapter following . THE EXPOSITION . Verse 1. How beautifull are thy fe●●e with sh●oes , O Princes daughter ▪ The joynes of thy thighs are like jewels , the vvork of the hands of a c●nning vvork●man . A Particular description of each member is here begun from beneath , for such shall the progresse of things be . Heretofore alwaies the beginning was made from the head . The place of the eyes , ●eeth , and temples : because the first beginnings were more famous and sooner perceived , in the Doctors and the administration appointed : but now in a wonderfull manner , the feete shall be first converted , and shall begin to stand and walke in the right way , as some notable reason shall discover , why such a thing should be done . He therefore admireth the beauty of her feete , because it was verily a thing full of admiration . A shooe is applyed in the Scriptures to three significations . To Mirth , Speed , and Liberty . It was a signe of Mirth ; from whence in mourning they either put them off , of their own accord . As David ascended to the Mount of Oliver , his head covered and barefoot , 2 Sam. 15. 30. Or they were constrained against their wils as Captives to the victors , who led them naked and barefoote , Esa . 20. 4. Speede hath somewhat a more plain efficacy , for he that is shod , treadeth more boldly , and feareth not pibbles or ●hornes . Wherefore God when he assured a speedy returne to his people , he pro●iseth to bring it to passe , that they shall goe with shooes on their feete , E●a . 11 , 15. It was also to the Israelites a signe of liberty or rather of obtaining their redeemed inheritance . Whereas putting off the shoe was for a reproach , Dent. 25. 9 , 10. Whither as it seemes belongeth , how God comm●nded Mo●es drawing neere to him , to put off his shooe , Exod. 3. 5. to put us in minde in how base a condition flesh is before him . All the significations agree . The mirth of the people returning , their speede of returning , and the recovery of their ancient inheritance , will without doubt be a matter of wonderfull glory and of great admiration ; so that worthily the Nations may cry out , how beautifull are thy feete ! see Esay 52. 12 , 13 , 14 , 15. They shall make no haste out of this captivity , as when one runneth away from his master , or as the I●raelites i● old time out of Egypt : but with great constance of minde and assured confiden●● ▪ so as the Nations shall be amazed , and the Kings shall ●top their mouthes , when they shall see that which was not told them ; for then God shall bring to passe , that his people may enjoy their desolate possessions . Esa . 49. 8. The second part of the verse signifieth that nimble turning joynt , whereby the upper part of the thighes are fitly turned ▪ Or rather perhaps it may more fitly signifie a turning from one way into another ; as i● he should say , the turning away of thy thighs from thy former stubbornesse to true piety and faith in Christ . Iewels are fitted into many turning Circles , whose artificiall turnings doe excellently set forth this wonderfull conversion or turning of the thighes and feete . Moreover they are the worke of the hands of a cunning workman . See how sweetly these words agree with those of S. John , Rev. 19. 11. where in a larger explication of the sixth viall , that is to say , the calling of the Iewes , the workman is described , by whose hands these Iewes and ●oynts of the thigh●s are framed . First by his name , agreeing with the same in this place ▪ he was pleased to take this name to himselfe , that he might at length declare in very deede , how faithfull he was in performing promises , and giving salvation to his people . But hence see , the conversion of the heart shall not proceede of themselves , but from this faithfull workman , who shall frame these joynts , and worke these nimble turnings . Verse 2. Thy navell is like a round goblet , which wanteth not liquor ▪ thy belly is like a heape of wheate set about with Lillies . Interpreters refer these words to meate and drinke ; but in this song , comelinesse and honesty is chiefely respected : and nourishment is signified by those members , which they are appointed to by nature . I judge it rather to signifie fertility , flourishing fresh in them whose bodies are full of juyce , not dry and without blood . A heape of wheat , declareth the belly like a furrow , well stored with the best seed , which watered and made fruitefull by mixture of the Goble● , would at length breake forth into an infinite harvest . These things are more plaine with Esay , cap. 49. 19. 20. The belly set about with Lillies , sheweth that this field ( unlike other fields ) shall not be fenced with bushes and quicksets , but shall every way lye open , and ●e altogether so pleasant , not onely in the middle ▪ where the more fruitfull increase is wont to be , but also in the uttermost borders . And mo●t ●itly also are lillies joyned to the rest , seeing nothing is more fruitfull , bearing often 50. heads upon one Roote , Plin. l. 21. 5. Ver● . 3. Thy two breasts are like two young Roes that are twins . Excellent shall this Church be in doctrine : whose ministers God shall water with fatnesse , Ier. 31. 14 ▪ They shall be ba●e and simple at the beginning , like young Roes , wallowing in the dust , when they are first brought forth ; for as yet a setled Church shall not be fully gathered together , as by the labour of some certaine Apostles , who staying in no certaine places shall go hither and thither to Preach , according as the cause requireth . In the same manner as it was done in the first Church , as before Chap. 4. 5. See also what hath beene observed upon Esay , at the last verse of the former Chapter . Verse 4. Thy necke is as a Tower of Ivory , thine eyes like the fish-pooles in Hes●bon , by the gate of Bathrabbim : Thy nose is as the Tower of Lebanon which looketh toward Damascus . Mer●erus doubteth whether there were a Tower of this name . Rabbi Selom and the Chald●● paraphrasts thinke there was . And I am of their minde , for all these similitudes seeme to be taken from true things and not ●eigned . Yea , for most weighty causes , as anon it will appeare , some more eminent places are chosen of purpose for this part of the description . This Ivory Tower I suppose to be the Ivory throne spoken of 1 King. 10. 18. The neck of the first Church was also a Tower , in the same Mount where this Throne was built , namely an Armory for David and the warre : wherein all the instruments of war were put , as before Chap. 4. 4. But this Tower is Solomons , of peace , not of war ; of Judgement , not of Armour . That though triumphing , yet afflicted with many troubles of warres . This , her enemies overcome very easily , shall raigne in peace like Solomon : for such a flourishing estate doe the Prophets promise this Church , all her enemies put to flight , Esay 41. 14 , 15. Ier. 30. 31. Ez●ch . 39. 3 , 4. 25. &c. Thine eyes like the fishpooles in Heshbon . Tremelius translateth it appellatively , to most artificiall fish-pooles . But I suppose those places to be noted out by name , ●●iefely for this reason , that by choosing out of some notable places ( as we shall see ) Solomon seemeth to appoint out the territories and borders of that land , which the Jewes at length ( converted to Christ , delivered from the Nations and restored to their Country seates ) shall obtaine proper and their owne . But what ( will ye say ) dost thou turne ●●w ? God forbid . I dreame not of that returne , which as yet they do , That they may renew the Temple , restore the Ceremonies , and possesse the land in times past ▪ promised and given as an earnest of the heavenly . ( These things are eternally buried , not worne out by time , but utterly abolished by Christ . ) But I speak of a re●●oring to their Country , wherin they shall worship Christ according to his Ordinances : which is not contrary to Religion every one knoweth , and all the Prophets seeme to foretell it with one consent . When I think hereof , it seemeth no light Argument , that untill this day that people remaine ( although dispersed through the whole world ) divided and separated from the Nations with whom they live . A thing truely wonderfull marvellous , but that it appeares plainely to be Gods doing . We know the Gothes , Vandals , Hunnes , and very many other Nations , forsaking their Countries , have also changed their speech , names , and natures . So that ( were it not for letters ) they cannot be disce●ned from the people of the Country with whom they live . But the Iewes , ( like the River Roane in the poole Lausan● ) suffer none of our customes to be fastned on them , but in the midst of us , keepe their old name and Ordinance : would we know the cause ? First God would have them , for the ●ale of his despised Sonne , be a ●pectacle to the world : then also to advise us , le●t the people commonly accounted superstitious , should perhaps make saving doctrine suspected by their consenting . Lastly , that he might make plaine his infinite and unmeasurable favour and truth at length , in restoring this people . We have far digressed from our pu●pose , but not altogether into a strange matter , and whereof a briefe Declaration was necessary . Seeing then that Hesh●on is to be properly taken ; know that it was once a City beyond Iordan , common to the Gadites and the Rub●●ites , Numb . 21. 26 , 27 , 28. At first Noble , known by the Proverb , and once the Palace of Sihon : which City seemeth to teach the recovery of their old possession , of whose Eastern coast this City is placed as it were the Meere-stone . And most fitly are the eyes compared to Fishpooles , not so much for the cleereness● , which sheweth the brightnesse of the 〈◊〉 as for the abundance of teares flowing from true repentan●● . ●●re . 31. 9 , 18 , 19. Isay . 46. Z●char . 12. 10. Neither without 〈◊〉 likewise are the gates mentioned by which these Fishpooles are seated : which as they are called Bathrabbim , the daughters of many , or of a multitude , most frequented by resort of people : so they teach that there shall be at length an infinit● multitude of this people gathered to the truth by repentance . It might seem harsh to compare the No●e to a Power , but that the Counsell of the spirit alwaies puts ●s in minde that things and places are chosen , whereby the borders of the land may be decribed , ●er . 31. 8. Esa . 49. 20. The hou●e of Libanus is famous in the Scripture . But that the Tower thereof looketh toward Damascus seemeth to be added for difference sake . There were two houses of the forrest of Lebanon , one built on the hill as this place plainely sheweth , See , 2 Chro. 9. 16 , 17 , 18. Another at Ierusalem ( in the forrest ) not far from the house of Salomon , which for likenesse was called the house of the forrest of Lebanon whereof mention is made , 1 King. 7. 2. For the whole provision wherewith Salomon built this house , proveth that to be another from that in Lebanon . 1 King. 10. 17 , 21. What need such sumptuous houshold-stuffe in houses so farre a sunder : when there was scarce any hope that the King would see them twice ? But most cleerely Shishack carried away the shields of gold which were found in the house of the forr●●t of Lebanon , 1 King. 14. 26. It seemeth that house was then in the power of Reho●oam and at Ierusalem ; for the ●ing of Egypt went no farther . And doubtlesse the house of Mount Lebanon , in the falling away of the ten Tribes , ceased to be of the Dominion of Rehoboam . But in this place it is used to set forth the North border of the holy land to the East , as the Hebrewes in my judgement do rightly interpret it . Vers . 15. Thine head upon thee is like Carmell , and the haire of thy head like purple . The King is held in the Gutters , or in the Galleries . Carmel is a Mountain of Phenicia , not far from Lebanon , known to Strabo and Ptolemy . Here then take the west side , in which nothing falleth out more fitly then this Mountain , which may be compared with the head . Twice before , by the haire we understood the multitude of the faithfull to be signified . There they were like Goates appearing from Mount Gilead ; here like fine flax of purple die , as if every one then should be a Prince , and endued with Princely dignity , whereof purple is the signe . This Church before was called a Princes daughter , and Saint Iohn calleth the faithfull Kings . But Zacharie more plainly saying , The ba●●st among them shal be as David , &c. Zach. 12. 8. God forbid that I should through envie conc●al any thing that the Spirit seemeth to will , and should not rath●r with my whole heart rejoyce at this excellent glory of my brethren , though beholding it a farre off . This place by force of opposition giveth light to that of the Goates , a base stinking creature and full of filth . Not that Christians are such in themselves , but are accounted such in the world . Base and simple hath their condition been through the whole race of the calling of the Gentiles , to this of the I●wes , as we have observed , Chap. 4. The King is held in the gutters . I assent to those learned men which think it alludeth to that , Gen. 30. 38. But their application seemeth to me far otherwise , although that place yet yeeldeth the same . For as those pilled Rods put in the Gutters , and beheld by the sheep ( when being very hot th●y came to drinke ) caused to bring forth Lambes so speckled and spotted ▪ even so the King is here said to be held in the Gutters , that the faithfull having him alwaies before their eyes , in the place where they quench their thirst , shall beget Kings by his example , a new Christistian off-spring . So that these words yeeld a very good reason of that which was next before said . For when hee had even now commended the Purple haire , whereunto I applied a Royall dignity of all the faithfull : lest any should marvell he yeeldeth a reason why it should be so done , because all the faithfull shall be borne Kings ▪ for the king himselfe is held in the Gutterers whither they should come to drinke , and to quench their thirst : it cannot be but they waxing hot at the sight of him , shall bring forth such Children , as they see him set forth before their eyes . But how can the King be bound in the Gutters ? After the same manner as Christ set forth to the view was Crucified among the Galatians , by the powerfull preaching of the Word , Galat. 3. 1. This is that stream wherein he is held and from whence they draw to quench their thirst . Now he is said to be bound in the Gutter , because they shall never afterward be destitute of him . Vers . 6. How fair and how pleasant art thou O Love , for delights ! A sententious conclusion , or rather an universall commendation , wherein he declareth the excellent beauty of the other members , which he mentioned not severally . Every word hath its Emphasis or expresse signification . The manner of a king hath admiration , the same repeated , sheweth no Common but a most vehement and singu●●r admiration . The abstract sheweth pure and perfect love , not infected with the pollution of any contempt : delights are lastly cast into the heap , if any thing more could be added . Neither are these things added to set forth her beauty alone , or onely to expresse with what desire the Bridegroome pursueth the Church , but it chiefly belongeth to the History , and sheweth this Church to be most excellent , not only in the praise of certain members , but to be admired in the beauty and propernesse of the whole body . Vers . 7. This thy stature is like to a Palm-tree : and thy breasts t● clusters of Grapes . These words also belong to the generall commendation : for Stature is the heighth and talnesse of the whole body , whereby it reacheth up on high , which is not ▪ wont to be considered in the first yeers , but when the body is come to its full growth ▪ she therefore is said to be like a Palm-tree , which groweth up ward , with what weight soever it be pressed down : So this Church shall be advanced cheerfull and famous , yet after much toyle and labour : for it cannot be , but in the beginning she shall meet with many most mortall enemies , Gog and Magog , the Mahumetan people , which shall give an occasion of the utter ruine and riddance of that most mischievous Tyrant ; yet shall the Church receive no losse thereby , but in despite of all , shall rise up , and attain to a just degree of dignity . Thy breasts ( saith he ) are like clusters of Grapes . Before the breasts were like young Ro●s ; but ●ow , when the Church shall begin to be settled , the breasts shall be changed into clusters of Grapes ▪ most plentifull and pleasant fountains : for Grapes full of juice , being pressed , run all into liquor , yeelding abundance of plenty and pleasure , as well for necessity as delight . Vers . 8. I said , I will go up to the Palm-tree , I will take hold of the boughs thereof : also thy breasts shall be as the clusters of the vine , and the smell of thy nose like Apples . Now are other ornaments remembred , as of the Bridegroome dwelling in the branches of this Palm-tree . The declaration of the Breasts , Nose , Palate of the Spouse , and the mutuall desire whereby they wholly rest in one anothers love : we have often said , how they both desire to expresse themselves one toward another , not only to shew their mutuall love , but also , how the faithfull are affected towards the Church : As in this place , where the Bridegroome having a purpose and dettermination to climb this Palm-tree , he sheweth thereby , what the faithfull shall wish for , after they shall see the Church settled and confirmed , how desirous they shall be to dwell in her branches , and to gather her sweetest fruits : As Isay saith , Chap. 49. 18. and Zachary , Chap. 8. 23. The nations shall desire to be exalted in the heighth of her prosperity ; whence it is said in the Revelations , Chap. 21. 24. They shall bring their glory to this new Ierusalem , I wish thy breasts were , &c. The words are spoken in the manner of wishing , that the faithfull shall with all their indeavour strive , as well to have these good things communicated unto them , as to be kept , increased and inlarged : They shall desire to be fed with these breasts , and sh●ll earnestly beseech the Lord , that they may never drie up : They also shew how this Spouse ought to behave her self towards these new guests , to whom she is bound to bestow her breasts , as well as to her own . And the smell of thy nose as Apples . There words seem to concern holinesse of common life . We alwayes breath with the nostrils , as long as there is any power of life ; whence Jeremy saith , The breath of our nostrils , the anoynted of the Lord is taken in their pits , Lam. 4. 20. She prayeth therefore that to the abundant doctrine , which is laid up in the breasts ( as in Wells never to be drawn dry ) may be joyned the sweetnesse of manners and integrity of all holinesse . Vers . 9. And the roof of thy mouth like the best Wine that goeth down sweetly , causing the lips of those that are asleep to speake . The force of this manner of wishing as yet remaineth . The palate or roof of the mouth , signifieth words , which are formed by the help thereof ; it differeth from the breasts , because they are the closet and store-house wherein ( as in a treasury ) great store of learning is laid up ; but the palate and lips are as keyes , wherewith the Treasury is unlocked , and the riches laid up is brought forth for use : for it little profiteth , to have riches heaped up , unlesse they may be applied to use and profit when need requireth . That we may then understand this Church to be , not only rich and plentifull in all abundance , but also happy in the use and fruit thereof ; he no lesse foresheweth the sweetnesse of the palate , then the fertility of the breasts . I● causeth the lips of those that are asleep to speak . This is an excellent commendation of this Wine so strong and powerfull , that it can shake off drowsinesse in men half dead , make the minde and sences more nimble ; loose the tongue , before sticking to the jawes , and make it wonderfull eloquent . Esay expoundeth this riddle , saying , Chap. 35. 5. Then shall the the Cripple skip as the Hart , and the tongue of the dumb shall sing . Vers . 10. I am my beloveds , and his desire is towards me . The Spouse at length concludeth this place , as if she should say , It needeth not that we should stand reckoning up every thing ; that condition briefly shall be such , that the Church with all study and desire , shall be altogether affected and consecrated to Christ , and sh●ll find him again so kinde and loving , as if he wholly applied himself to this only Care. Vers . 11. Come my beloved , let us go forth into the field , let us ●odg● in the villages : or ▪ among the Cypresse trees ▪ So much of the first calling , now followeth the second : that which remaineth of the Chapter , is a preparation of this second calling , which doth wholly set forth the Spouse her inviting the Bridegroome into the countrey ▪ shewing , that these first fruits of the Jewes shall burne with great desire to win the rest of their nation , and shall not cease till they bring it to passe . But why doth the Spouse desire the countrey ? Is she weary of the city ; or doth desire a more fresh ayre ? Indeed they that are long pend up in the city ▪ are wont often times , for their mindes sake , to avoid company , and desire solitary rest ; but this going into the fields or villages , seeketh not pleasure so much , as it stirreth up to new work and labour . If she had desired it , to avoid the heat of the Sunne , or for pleasant banquetting , whereto serveth this lodging abroad ? She therefore goeth a hunting , not to catch wilde beasts , but men ; very many Iewes were yet busied in the countrey without the holy City , for whom all this watching and trouble shall be undertaken ; that they may be gathered into one shee●fold , and fitted into one body of Christ with their brethren . This vocation sh●ll so much exceed the former , as the open fields exceed the city , or the whole multitude a small company ; Daniel , Chap. 12. 12. appointeth the time thereof 45. yeers after the first , which will happen about the yeer 1700. The exact time cannot be set downe , it is enough for us , if we come neer the truth . Vers . 12. Let us get up early to the vineyards : let ●s see if the vines flourish : whether the tender grapes appear , and the Pomegranats ●ud forth , there will I give thee my love . That which the Bride lately entreated , now she urgeth with certain reasons . The end of the journey and the full acquaint●nce in this verse . The perfection of all delights in the ve●se following . The end of being in the country is that she might arise earl● to the vineyard . It was some trouble to watch among the Cypresse trees , but this addeth more , to go forth so early to the vines : wherein we learn , her chiefest care was in gathering these citizens of the second order , wherein she spared no labour or diligence : she will goe into the country , not refusing the tediousnesse of the long journey ▪ she will endure the discommodity of watching in the villages , and that nothing be wanting by her will , she will arise early in the morning to dispatch the businesse , and which is more to be admired , whiles yet no harvest appeareth which might worthily require the painfull labour ; Esay mentioneth this desire , when after the fore-shewed great glory of the reformed and much adorned spouse beholding in the Spirit the full conversion of the whole nation , he cryeth out ▪ Go thorovv , go thorow ●he gates , prepare you the vvay of the people : cast ●p , cast up the highvvay , gather out the stones , lift up a standard for the people , Chap. 62. 10. By which doubled words he sheweth their incredible desire ofgathering the reliques and bringing them into one Church . The vines , grapes and Pomgranates are the elect of the Iews , whose prone readines to imbrace the truth is like a mo●t pleasant spring , the elect had tried their winter , which deprived them of fruit and leaves , that they could scarce be known from dead trees . The second member of the verse sheweth another reason of going into the country , There ( saith she ) I will give my loves to thee , that it is to say , I will shew my self freely to thee that thou mayest delight thy self in my company : for to give one my love honestly and shamefastly , is to give him full power over me , Therfore the glory of Christs Kingdom shall not be full till this rustication . Vers . 13. The Mandrakes give a smell , and at our gates are all manner of pleasant fruits , n●w and old , which I have laid up for thee , O my beloved . Mandrakes saith Plini● have a strong smell , but here is no commendation of the sent , but mention is made of it only to shew the budding and growth thereof . It is a cold herb drowsie and lateward ; it seems it grew in the fields in the land of Canaan , Ruben found Mandrakes in the field , Gen. 30. 14. They are also opposed in this place to those more delicate fruits which are planted neer the house , as wel for delight as for more easie keeping . The new & old fruits have a plain meaning . An excellent division of the citizens seemeth here to be set forth , whereof some are far scattered in remote colonies , like Mandrakes growing in the open fields ; others like domstique milder fruit , which by vicinity or neer neighbour-hood yeeld more plentifull delights . Some again are newly fresh planted into the Church , like Mandrakes , cold and lateward herbs springing more slowly , such sh●ll the Jews be lastly called , which shall more lately shake off their drowsinesse ▪ Some are elder , who shall yeeld their names to the first calling , and s●end their time in the received truth somewhat before the ●●st shall come in . This shall be a most pleasant beholding to the elders , when they shall see Religion not to decay with the age : which alas , we behold to our grief , as if the fulnesse of the gentils did now approach , every later generation in their degrees fall away from the sanctity of their parents . The latter part of the verse teacheth that the spouse shall have a time at length to unlocke her store-houses , and as it were in pompe , openly set forth her unmeasurable riches in the exceeding great abundance of her citizens . Thrifty housholders do not suffer all things to be used continually and conf●sedly , but reserve some things for solemn feasts , set apart from dayly uses , which they may bring forth as occasion serveth for credit and honesty : So the Church , howsoever she hath oftentimes before declared her self not poor and needy , but sufficient rich and abundantly ador●ed with all dignity , yet she hath not applied these dainty banquets , delicate dishes and sweet-meates to common and dayly diet , but hath reserved them lockt up in store for this one solemnity : whereby we may understand the glory of those times to be such as the former ages have never seen . CHAP. VIII . OH that thou werest as my brother that sucked the breasts of my mother : I would finde thee without , I would kisse thee , then they should not despise thee . 2 I will lead thee , and bring thee into my mothers house : there thou shalt teach me : and I will cause thee to drink spiced wine , and new wine of the pomegranate . 3 His left hand shall be under mine head , and his right hand shall embrace me . 4 I charge you , O daughters of Ierusalem , that you ●tirre not up , nor waken my love , untill she please . 5 ( Who is this that comet● up out of the wildernesse , leaning upon her welbeloved ? ) I raised thee up under an apple tree : there thy mother conceived thee : there she conceived that bare thee . 6 Set me as a seal on thy heart , and as a ●ignet upon thine arme : for love is strong as death : jealousie is cruell as the the grave : the coales thereof are fierie coales , and a vehement flame . 7 Much water cannot quench love , neither can the floods drown it : if a man should give all the substance of his house for love , they would greatly contemne it . 8 We have a little sister , and she hath no breasts : what ●hall we do for our sister when she shall be spoken for ? 9 If she be a wall , we will build upon her a silver palace : and if she be a door , we will keep her in with boards of cedar . 10 I am a wall , and my breasts ar● as towers : then was I in his eyes as one that findeth peace . 11 Salomon had a vine in Baal-hamon : he gave the vineyard unto keepers : every one bringeth for the fruit thereof a thousand pieces of silver . 12 But my vineyard which is mine , is before me : to the● , O Salomon , appertaineth a thousand pieces of silver , and two hundred to them that keep the fruit thereof . 13 O thou that dwe●lest in the gardens , the companions hearken unto thy voice : cause me to hear it . 14 Oh my welbeloved , ●lee away , and be like unto the roe , or to the young ha●● upon the mountains of spices . The Resolution . THus ●●●re the prep●r●tion of the second c●lling , the calling it self followeth , declared by the wonderfull desire of the called , vers . 1. 2. By the mutuall love of the Bridegro●me , vers . 3. and his everlasting continuance , vers . 4. And such is the princesse the younger sister . The other inferiours which accompany this princesse are two : one is described coming out of the desert , leaning upon her beloved , and with wonderfull zeal , vers . 5 , 6. 7. the other is renowned by the great affection of the Sisters , vers . 8 ▪ 9. and by her own readinesse , vers . 10. And hitherto of the Churches severally . Iointly , it sheweth as well , how carefully the Bridegroom will defend the whole , vers . 11. 12. and what he requireth of the whole , vers . 13. as what the common desire of the spouse shall be , namely , that her beloved would fly hence , and that she at length might be carried vvith him into everlasting habitacles , vers . 14. THE EXPOSITION . Vers . 1. O that thou wert as my brother that sucked the breasts of my mother , when I should finde thee without , I would kisse thee , yet I ●hould not be despised . EVery thing now at length fully perfected , and all the faithfull Iewes fitted into one body of Chr●st , their affection is wo●derfull , made clear by the Antithesis of the former Iewes , with whom Christ in times past had to do in the earth , that with wondrous skill , with one and the same labour , he setteth forth aswell the a●cursed hatred of these , as the willing and ready love of those new citizens . The old Iewes despised ▪ and refused Christ coming in the flesh and shewing himself a brother : but there shall be nothing better ●o those , nothing that they shall more desire , then that they may enjoy the favour of his presence whereby that horrible wickednesse of despising the Son of God by their elders , may be recompenced by their faith and diligen●e in holy duties : the old Iewes sought only his death , but fled and followed him not ( teaching in the streets ) with kisses , but reproaches . All familiarity with him was accounted for a reproach and blame ; Nicodemus constrained for fear to seeke private conference with him by night . These shall diligently seeke him wheresoever he should be , and finding him shall worship him with great reverence . Neither shall they any whit regard the mo●ks and skoffes of the wicked : the world shall then be of another fashion . These later people altogether unlike to those their wicked elders ; Salomon hath most divinely comprised in these words , aswell the wickednesse of those former in refusing Christas , the pieti● of those later in imbracing him . Vers . 2. I would lead thee , I would bring thee into my mothers house , thou shouldest instruct me : I would cause thee to drinke of spiced wine , of the fruit of my Pomegranates . He followeth the former Antithesis or opposition , for he could not better expresse the integrity of those which are to be called , then by opposing them to such as were formerly called , in vain . The old Iews then sh●t Christ out adores , and desired to drive him out of the Temple and Synagogues : For they which raged so much against others which confessed him somewhat more freely ; what would they not ●o to him himself , for whose cause they were so violent against others ? ( Ioh. 9. 22. ) But these people will not only open the gates that the King of glory may come in , but will lead him through the streets , and set him highest in the midst of their assemblies . The same manner of speech we met with before , Cap. 3. 4. which we interpreted of his coming in the flesh ; otherwise his mothers house is the Church , as we saw in the first Chap. vers . 17. Thou shouldest teach me . Tremelius referreth it , to my mother which teacheth me . The words beare it : but the A●tithesis requireth such exposition as I have made . The Iewes very much frequented the Temple ; they boasted themselves to be the white sonnes of their mother the Church , but of the doctrine of their brother ( the man Christ ) there will be great difference between the old and these . They could not abide to heare Christ preaching : these will hearken to his voyce only , they will draw their doct●ine from this only Well they will preferre themselves no other manner of life and salvation but him alone . Lastly , whereas she will give him spiced wine to drinke , thereby he teacheth how far the new people shall differ from the old in cruelty : They mingled him vinegar and gall to drinke , Ma● . 27. 34. These shall tremble at such barbarous wickednesse , and in , stead of that most bitter cup shall invite him to most generous wine of Chast and fervent piety . Their excellent forme and beauty could not be better painted out , then by the opposite deformity of that old and degenerate Synagogue : the fruit of the Pomegranate may be referred to some principall men among the Iewes , who shall apply all their authority to advance religion , &c. Vers . 3. His left hand should be under my head , and his right hand should imbrace me . The love of the Bridegroome , which resteth most pleasantly in the bosome and imbracing of the Church thus settled ▪ he shall carry the Bride in his armes , and shall keep her safe and sound from all troubles , as before , Chap. 2. 6. but that the Church was never before so well adorned and protected by the divine power , as in this last renovation according to that of Ieremy , Chap. 16. vers . 14. 15. and of Esay , Chap. 43. ver● . 5 , 6. The exceeding glory of Gods presence , shall then obscure all former memory , how famous or renouned ●oever . Vers . 4. I charge yee , O daughters of Ierusalem , that yee stir not up , nor awake my love untill he pl●●se . This betokeneth the perpetuity of this love and condition , as before by the same kinde of oath , he alwayes declareth a settled estate of the Church for some long continuance ; here are no Harts and Roes of the field to disturb the peace of the Church , as when shee living among enemies , had neer her ( by Gods ▪ just judgement ) revengers of their revolting ; but now the Kingdome sh●ll be yeelded to Christ , for this is the time wherein the stone cut out without hands , &c. Dan. 2. 34. 44. 45. and 7. 27. For in this Kingdome all enemies shall be far removed , or rather taken away altogether ; so that the Church shall for ever hereafter live free from feare of them . Then all things shall attaine their own ends , and that whole Mystery ( Revel . 10. 7. and 16. 17 ▪ It is finished ) which was foretold by the Prophets , for hitherto belongeth their sacred Oracles . Neither doe they further mention any notable change , till our Lord shall come from heaven . For this is that fulnesse , then which nothing can be farther expected on earth , which seemeth to be manifested by this removing of all causes of disturbing the Bridegroome hereaft●r . Let us then leave the Christian Church of the Jewes most flourishing till Christ Translate his hence into heaven . Verse 5. Who is this that commeth up from the Wildernesse , leaning upon her beloved ? Iraised thee up under the Appletrce , there thy mother brought thee forth , there she brought thee forth that bare thee . Hitherto hath beene spoken of the first younger daughter . Another sister followeth : for by this kinde of inquirie we have twice seene a new arising of some Church to be shewed . And of this is a double state declared , the beginning in this verse , the progr●sse in the 6. and 7. The name of this Nation which commeth up from the wildernesse ( me seemeth ) may easily be supposed out of other places of the Prophets . As Esay chap. 19 ▪ 23. &c. wherein he treateth of the calling of the Assyrians and the Egyptians : for though many of either Nation were in former times indued with the saving knowledge of Christ , yet that small number was nothing to this great assembly now spoken of . Hither belongeth that of Ezek. 47. 1 , 2. and Ioel cap. 3. 18. See Numb . 25. 1. Zachary extendeth the limits of this kingdome from sea to sea , Cap. 9. 10. and from the sloud to to the end of the earth , for the pride of Assyria , &c. Zach. 10. 11. Wherefore this Church shall be that whole bordering Eastern Region , Arabia , Chaldea , Babylonia , Assyria , and Persia , and those inmost corners of the East . The waters flowing into these Regions , is the course of the Gospell wherewith they shall be watered ; leaning upon her beloved , sheweth her great familiarity with him , as lovers are wont to cast themselves into the bosomes of their beloved , and whereas she was raised up under an apple tree , we learned before that the Apple tree betokeneth inferiour Magistrates , under whose shadow the Bridegroome covereth his Church , as under Tamarisk and lower trees ; the high and loftie Cedars being cut downe , Chap. 2. 3. 4. Wherefore the first infancie of this Church , seemeth to be governed by some inferiour Officer , who though in the beginning there wanted the chiefe Princes authority , yet by his labour and diligence , he shall bring it to passe , that the seede of the truth sowen shall spring up into the light , that men may behold it : yet it seemeth more likely that this Magistrate should be given them of the Jewes , to whose rule bordering Regions shall obey . And therefore this Church is raised up under an Apple tree , because it shall be ruled by such Government . Vers . 6. Set me as a seale upon thine heart , as a Seale upon thine arme , for love is strong as death , jealousie as cruel as th● grave , the ●oales thereof are coales of fire , which hath a most vehement flame . Such was the beginning . The progresse shall be famous for her marvellous and earnest desire of piety , which is most elegantly painted out in her desire and the reason thereof . Her desire is , that she may be as a seale on his heart and arme , as a note Printed with a seale , whereby the impression of it might be aswell deepely fixed inwardly in the minde , as appeare alwaies outwardly to the sight , wherein she desireth that she may cleave to him , as the figure is wont which the Print of the Seale hath made . Most vehement love requires the like againe . The ardent desire of love is exprest by most fit similitudes , for saying it is as strong as death , she sheweth thereby that none can resist the power thereof , death overcommeth the proudest ones by force , so that it should be folly to contend with her . The grave is also cruell without pitie , discourteous and in●xorable , who despiseth all supplications , nor is ever filled with prey : it daily devoureth an infinite multitude , and yet alwayes gapeth for new spolies . Neither is jealousie lesse insatiable . Verse 7. Many waters cannot quench love , neither can the flouds drowne it : if a man would give all the substance of his house for love , it would utterly be contemned . Therefore this love shall be eternall , which neither adversity nor prosperity shall be able to weaken or any whit impaire : for the chiefe scope hereof is to teach us that the light of the truth once kindled , shall never be quenched againe in these countries , whereby it manifestly appeareth that here is something expected to be done , and not to shew any thing past . Some knowledge of Christ hath over-spread the Easterne Countries many ages since , but the floods have overwhelmed it , and the wealth & riches of the world have altogether choaked it ; for not the least part of true religion hath there beene seene by many ages . But at the length by Gods mercy the truth shall plant her rootes in these lands , which no storme or tempest shall pull up , nor faire allurements shall cause it to wither . Verse 8. We have a little sister , and she bath no breasts : what shall we do for our sister in the day when she shall be spoken for ? He commeth now to the calling of a new Nation , we said was another of the younger sisters . Our Divines suppose these to be the words of the old Church , and her wishes to us Gentiles . But we have seen this Prophesie many yeeres agoe , carried beyond the age of that old Church , and now exercised in the farthest borders of our earthly babitation . Esay seemeth to teach ( chap. 19. 18. 23. &c. ) who this people may be in the latter times approaching ; he joyneth three nations in a common profession of the truth . The Assyrians , Iewes , and Aegyprians . Of the Iewes and Assyrians , hath the Paranymph spoken before , and seemes to have reserved the Egyptians for the last , which nation verily imbraced Christ many ages since , and was in times past very famous in Churches much frequented ; yet without doubt , the former times are not here respected , but times yet to come , as the course of things sufficiently sheweth . It is very likely that their owne proper places were certainly given to each one in this song . Neither can it be that such carefull order should faile now at the last . Esay expresly coupleth Assyria and Egypt in the society of one Religion : which never hapned in times past , when Egypt flourished with true piety : whereunto Assyria was then altogether a stranger . This is especially to be noted , that she calleth Egypt a little sister , exceeded by Assyria onely in the latter times , which was but a barren and thirsty land whilst Egypt abounded with full channels . But at length Assyria shall be overflowne by a swift streame issuing from the Temple , to whose Rivers the Egyptian Nilus will be a very small fountaine . But Ioel saith , chap. 3. 19. Egypt shall be desolate : and Zacharie , chap. 10. 11. saith , her Scepter shall be removed . It is very likely that all Muhumetans shall be destroyed there , before those places shall obtaine the Kingdome of Christ : but this blotting out of the wicked doth not signifie an utter destruction , but a laying the way open to better inhabitants , yeelding their power and authority to Christ his government . Esay mentioneth the foregoing calamity and forthwith their following happinesse , whilst he giveth the knowledge of the language of Canaan to five Cities , chap. 19. 17. He sheweth why it is called a little one , by bounding that Church in so few cities . Vers . 9. If shee be a wall , we will build upon her a palace of silver , and if she be a dore , we will enclose her with boards of Cedar . A wall before , Chap. 5. vers . 7. was the safegard of the Civill Magistrate : and they which executed that office were called keepers of the wall : compare it with Chap. 6. 9. it seemes here to signifie the same . As if she should say , If the Civill governours will yeeld their helping hand to build up and defend the Egyptian Church , they shall not want our ready ayde , that they may do that with the more dignitie . The Gates in the Wall are the Ministers themselves , which make an entrance for others into the Church . As the new Ierusalem , all closed with walls , hath twelve Gates , inscribed with the names of the twelve Apostles , Reve. 21. 12. This is then the meaning thereof . If she shall be naked , and without authority of the Magistrate , so that shee must be gathered and preserved by the onely trust and industry of the Ministers ; Then will we every where fence these gates with Cedar boards , so that they may be fitted against force , not feeling any worme-eaten old age For then shall the Church flourish with such Authority , that she shall not onely helpe her self , but also her far remote Citizens . Vers . 10. I am a wall and my breasts like towers , then was I in his eyes as one that found peace . The consultation and decree of the sisters hath discovered the beginning of this Church . Shee sheweth the proceeding in her own words . For answering their carefulnesse , she sheweth her self furnished with those ornaments which they were afraid she wanted . Verely , not altogether destitute of the civill power , but some-what ●enced with the aid thereof as with a wall and Bulwark . Also her Breasts from whom milke is drawne for the Children , though in the beginning they were so small , that they seemed altogether none , yet now they were grown to that largenes that they might be worthily compared with Towers . This peace which she speaketh of is that Marriage ( as it s●emeth ) which her sisters before pointed at , and is elsewhere called Rest , Ruth 3. 1. As if shee should say : after that my breasts waxed ripe or imbossed , I found that pleasure in Christ , which Maides are wont to enjoy in Marriage . Vers . 11. Salomon had a vineyard at Baal-hamon , he let out the vineyard unto keepers : every one for the fruit ther●of was to bring a thousand pieces of silver . Vers . 12. My vineyard which is mine is before me : thou ( O Salomon ) must have a thousand , and those that keep the fruit thereof two hundred . Hitherto of the new Christian Church , as it was distinguished into divers members , into the elder , and the three younger sisters , whereof the first is a Princess among the rest ▪ Now followeth that which is common aswell on the behalf of the Bridegroom as of the Bride : that of the Bridegroom is twofold . A care , and a Precept . The care of the Bridegroom towards the Universall Church is excellently declared by a dissimilitude taken from Salomon : Salomon let out his Vineyard to others , and received a large yeerly ▪ revenue from his Farmers : But I ( saith the Bridegroom ) will take care of my vineyard my self . I will not hire it forth . And the fruit which I shall receive , will be far larger then Salomons . Much good do it him with his profits , I do not envi●him . Yet are they not to bee compared with mine . Neither is it a new thing for Kings to hire out to others that which exceedeth their houshold store . Morcerus interpreteth the twelfth verse as spoken of the Bride herself , like as in the first Chapter and sixth verse she saith , Shee was made a keeper of the vines , and so she might be now againe , except perhaps for ill lucks sake then , the Bridegroom himself will hereafter undertake ●his care ( See Esay 65. 22 , 23 ▪ &c. ) lest the peace of the Church should afterward be disturbed by some such like negligence . Vers . 13. O Thou that dwellest in the Gardens , the Companions hearken to thy voice : cause me to hear it . This precept teacheth to what imploiment the Bride would give her self for ever : They being subdued which durst to mutter against her , and all things setled in most calme peace . We have often told you that the precepts of this Song are prophesies of common affaires . The bride is said to dwell in the Gardens after the same manner as before , Chap. 4. 12. when by Constantines Authority shee was fenced by the safegard of the Civill Law , but ▪ in those last times the Magistrates over all , especially in the new collected Congregations , sh●ll bend all their force to defend the Ch●rch ; herein onely this sh●ll differ from that , because the first garden was closed with one wall , their whole aff●ires administred by one mans rule , this new Garden ( as also that r●stored , Cha. 6. 1. ) shall be divided with many inclosures , for the variety of Presidents which shall governe in severall provinces . As concerning the Precept . The companions that hearken , are all the Citizens of the Church , for then the Church bringeth it to pass● that the Bridegroom may heare Her fellowes , that is , her citizens and particular Congreg●tions , when she sincerely delivereth the right way to beleeve in Christ , and to worship God , ●o that from her most wholsome instructions , sins may be acknowledged , mercy implored , goodnesse preached , and God in the end may receive his due honour . This is that voice of the Companions , wherewith the Bridegroom shall be delighted , which from that time sh●l sound in the Church for ever , and which voice the Citizens learn to pronounce , l●stning to the doctrine and instruction of the Church their Mother . Vers ▪ 14. Make hast ▪ or fly hence my beloved ▪ and bee thou like to a Roe ▪ or to a young hart upon the mountaines of Spices . It is the common desire in the Brides behalfe , which is delivered in this verse , for the Universall Church b●eaketh forth into these words , that the Bridegroom should fly away into the mountaines of Spices ▪ What ? is she now weary of his presence , whom with such labour , she before sought being absent , that sh●e should so soone command him out of her sight ? No , but when the Spou●e earnestly desireth that her beloved would fly out of the garden into the mountains of Spices : it is as if shee should desire ▪ that leaving the earth he would return again to the heavenly fort●●ss● for that meane the Mountaines of Spices . No● that she wish●●h ( being alone and depri●●d of his imbracings ) any longer to sticke in the filthy dregges of this world : but that she earnestly desireth to fly hence her selfe together with her beloved , and to come to the inheritance laid up for the Elect in heaven . For she ( one of the Sisters ) which even new desired that shee might be ●ixed to his heart ▪ as a Seal , could not endure this divorce , to tarry ●ere behinde him . This is all one with that of Saint Iohn , Rev. 22. 20 ▪ Come Lord ●e●us ; differing a little in words . Io●n requesteth that the Bridegroom would shew him●elf to the world in the most glorious m●nifestation of his Majesty ▪ which is now covered from the eyes of the world at the right hand of the Father , and so at length would put an end to all things . The Spouse desireth that this Beame , how brigh● soever , which sh●ll then shine in the ear●h , would as it were collect his light , and withdraw it self into heaven . Either of them wishe●h the e●d , but he defineth it by comming from Heaven : she by departing from the earth . Either of which we expect , the comming first , the departure after . Hitherto goeth this divine Poeme , but pointeth not out the last moment of time . It is sufficient that it setteth forth the condition of the last Church more distinctly and exactly , I suppose , then any other part of the holy Scripture . Many large and ple●sant Prophesies do ayme at the calling of the Iewes , but here alm●st all set up their marke : but of the other Sisters coming to the truth by her help , they make a more obscure and generall mention , yet out of this interpretation it may be understood how false they are , who set downe the end of the world at a certain yeer out of some limited number in the Scriptures , especially if they compare this Prophesie with the Revelation and Daniel . For that Resurrectio● , Dan. 12. and Rev. 20. 12. Also that , It is done , of the seventh Viall , Reve. 16. 17. appertaineth to the calling of the Iews ▪ So that where we ex●ect the end of the world , there we finde the beginning of a new Church ; which is not like to be for a day or a week or a short time . The Angell expresly affirmeth to be far and wide spread , Rev. 20. 5. 6. And giveth it a thousand yeers after the first Resurrection of the elder sister . Now seeing the Church of the Iewes shall begin to flourish about 400. yeers after that Resurrection , 600. yeers at least shall be left wherein she shall raign here upon the earth ▪ but how ▪ long after , he only knoweth , who knoweth all things . I can light upon no mark or token of time that may give even the least conjecture ; Daniel saith , after the destruction of the Turkish Empire , ( which shall be d●stroyed by Conversion of the Iewes ) a space shall be given for the rest of the Beasts to live , even for a time , and a time appointed . But this space is neither expressed , neither perhaps shall the end of the World be joyned with the destruction of the remnant . That therefore which hath troubled many , as if that certain limiting of time which offereth it self in the Revelation and elsewhere , should bring us to the end of all ( repressing or mollifying the words of Christ , Mar. 13. 32. by interpretation ) may hence be delivered from this fear , for all those accounts end , either in the Iewes Conversion , or if they goe a little farther ( whereof I finde only two , which I have spoken of before ) they rather shew within what time the end shall not be , then at what moment it is to be expected . Wherefore that of Christ remaineth without doubt , in the same meaning as the words do properly shew : The Angells themselves know not the very last day . We verily believe this day by faith , and have many tokens of its drawing neere , but I suppose we fail of any account that may bring us to any neere knowledge thereof . If any think I have opened a window to security by removing the bounds of it so far off : let him know if the shortnesse of this life and the end uncertain move him not , neither will the neerenesse of this day move him any whit at all . What matter makes it whether Christ himself come to judgement in the sight of all men , or thou be drawne to judgement at his Tribunall Seate ? or oughtest thou not be carefull of thine own end , unlesse the end of the whole world do accompany it ? Let the wicked be filthy still , yet this thought will easily shake off s●curity from the godly , though this revealed truth may not a little bridle the tongues of the wicked , which draw all things into doubt , whiles they read of fixed termes in some mens workes , and by use learn them to be deceived by conjecture . As if the errour of blinde man ( and such verily are the sharpest sighted in Divine Matters ) should be a sufficient Argument to subvert the truth of God. We may be deceived in obscure things , and not plainly delivered to us of purpose , yet the Divine Truth doth neither deceive , nor is deceived , as they too late shall finde , which have despised it . But let this be an end of this plain exposition . A Prayer . EXceeding praise be to thee O mercifull Father , together with the Sonne and holy Ghost , which hast so much respected our infirmity , that thou hast vouchsafed to inform us of things to come even to the last end . Whereby , and by the vse of times past we may be confirmed in thy truth , and not run headlong into unforeseen mischiefes in the knowledge of things to come . Let not this knowledge vani●● without fruite I beseech thee , but bestow the comfort thereof upon thy Church ; that she looking into the glory of thy Children may despise all the troubles and deceitfull delights of this life , and may constantly proceed to that mark for which the Crowne is laid up in Christ Jesus . To whom with thee O Father , and with the holy Spirit , ●e all honour , praise and glory for ever and ever , Amen . The Popes SPECTACLES Or his CLJMACTERJCALL yeere calculated in August , Anno 1623. BRiefe Notes out of severall Expositors of the Revelation , touching the rising and fall , progresse and finall destruction of the Enemies of the Church : with some other observances out of divers writers . St. John wrote his Revelation and sent it to the seven Churches in Asia minor , now called Natolia . He wrote it Anno 97. as Eusebius saith : in 99. as Irenaeus saith . He dyed under Trajan , 109. as most say ; But Ierome and Nicephorus say in 100. This Prophesie is of things to come , and not of things past , as is well observed by Master Brightman . It is to be observed , for the better understanding of this Prophesie , what names and Titles the Revelation giveth to the adversaries of the Church , which are as followeth . The first and last adversaries are called a dragon ; an open and perverse enemie to Christianity , which were the heathen Emperors , and now the Turkes , as the best expositors understand it . The second and third after the Dragon are two beasts , the first out of the Sea , the second out of the earth . The fourth is called a Whore and Babylon , chap. 17. 1. and 5. Also that Whore is called the great City , &c. which in Saint Iohns time was onely Rome . The Dragon the first Adversary was destroyed by Constantine the great in overthrowing Dioclesian , Maxentius and Maximinian Anno 311. he began his Raigne Anno 306. or 307. After the overthrow of the Dragon , a Beast ariseth presently out of the Sea : which Brightman expounds erroneous doctrine , so likewise hath he Ecclesiasticall Government . And in Constantines time Rome was called the first Sea , Constantinople the second , Alexandria the third , Antioch the fourth , and Jerusalem the fifth . And so the Romanists at this day style the Popes jurisdiction . The other beast riseth out of the Earth , which is the Popes spirituall and Temporall power , or rather his deare friends , the Antichristian Emperours ; because it is said verse 11. that this beast ca●●●th all that dwell in the earth to worship the first Beast , which is the Pope , for they were his first builders and are his chiefe pillars , &c. He is likewise called the Beast which was and is not , Chap. 17. 11. by which is meant the Romane Empire , in the West , which lay voide three hundred twenty five yeeres , from Augustulus , to Carolus Magnus . Also , the Beast was taken , and with him that false Prophet which wrought miracles , &c. Chap. 19. 20. which seeme to make them to be two distinct persons . Thus also is Rome plainely described to be set on seven hills and ruling over the Kings of the earth : which make Bellarmine and R●bira both Iesuites to confesse that Rome is the Whore there meant . Rome also maintaines Idolatrie and Superstition in her Religion , Government , and Policie ; which in Scripture is called Whoredome : then the Pope is not the Whore , but one of the Beasts or Bawds rather ( if you will ) to the Whore. For example ; he maintaines Stewes in Rome , yeelding him yeerely 40000. Duckets , and receiveth yeerely of Curtizans 50000. Duckets , and granteth dispensations to his Cardinals to use Sodometry in the three hot moneths of the yeere . I would know of any Iesuite whether the Pope can pardon a sinne before it be committed &c. As he did H●nry the 8. to marry his brothers wife : the King of Spaine his Neece : the Arch-dutches , Albertus , whom she might call , Brother , Uncle , and Cozen. And so I leave it to the indifferent to judge , whether he be the Whore , the Beast , or a Bawd. The Whore is said to sit upon a Beast , Revel . 17. the Pope is this whores only stay and prop , ( quis nescit ? ) And so Iunius Napier and Brightman take it : but Downam thinks it meant of the Germane Emperours , whose punishment and destruction is described , Chap. 17. and 18. vers . 3. and 4. In the thirteenth chapter it is said that the first beast is wounded and healed by a Dragon , before the arising of the second Beast ; which Dragon some say was Athaulphus that wounded Honorius the Emperour , Ann. 414. Others say Odoacer , who overthrew Augustulus the last Romane Caesar . Another ( viz. D. Forbes , now a Bishop in Scotland ) saith , it was Theodoricus the Ostrogoth , Ann. 476. Others Alaricus a Goth that sackt Rome , Anno 541. These were all heathen Kings , and therefore accounted among the Dragons , whereof one healed the first Beast , viz. the Pope . Quere . After this Rome was under the Exarches of Ravenna 197. yeers , which were Christians ; then under the Lumbards 56. yeers , which at first were heathen and after Arrians , and had but a part of the Empire . In this time the Visigothes ruled in Spaine , the Aleins in Guines and Gascoine , the French men in the residue of France , the Vandalls in Africke , the S●xons in Britain , the Ostrogoths in Mise and Hungarie , the Herules and Turinges in ●talie and Rome . Only the name of the Empire remained with Zeno in the East . Transamundus King of the Vandalls in Africke banished 220. Bishops Ann. 459. About the time was great alteration of States and Kingdomes ; Carolus magnus overthrowing the Gothes and Vandalls with Alaricus and the Lumbards , was by Pope Honorius made Emperour of the West , Anno 802. ( M●lancthon and Lanq●et ) So from Augustulus to Carolus Magnus the Empire was void , 325. yeers , wherein saith Eraesmus , Antichrist was to arise . Downam , Napier and Brightman , say he rose when Constantine removed the Empire ( out of the way ) to Constantinople ; It is true , then the whore conceived the monster , but she bore him in her womb 35. yeers , before she brought him forth to the fight of the world , 2. Thess . 2. He that withheld was taken away by Constantine , ( 311 ) when he overthrew Dioclesian , Maxentius , and Maximinian the last of those Dragons : neither is he there said presently to appear or be borne into the world , Chap. 13. 11. and 12. The second Beast after his rising , causeth the earth and them that dwell therein to worship the first Beast , whose deadly wound was healed . These were the Emperours : as Phocus , who gave the first title of universall-Bishop to Boniface the third , Bale saith , he was a Britain first named Wenefridus , Anno. 606. Pepin and Charles the great , who gave great revenews to Leo the third . But these were of the Race of the second Beast ▪ and not of the Dragon . About 100 yeers after the death of Charles the Roman Empire came to Otho the first German Emperor , Ann. 9●6 . After in 996. the Eel ctors of the Empire were ordained , by Pope Gregory the seventeenth and Otho the third . Neither were Boniface or Le● the first Beast as some take it , for the two Beasts were bred and born long before , as hereafter will plainly appear . Thus much shall suffice to distinguish between the Dragon , the Beast , the false prophet , and the whore , Rev. 20. 2. The Dragon called also the devill and Satan is bound for 1000. yeers ▪ his first binding by Constantine continued untill Zadok the first Emperour of the Turks : which was 1310. This dragon began to breed , Anno 1051. but was not of full growth untill Ottaman the first Emperour , Anno 1300. Then the Dragon and Satan compassed the tents of the Saints and the beloved city , Rev. 20. who were the Christians . In this time the Christians recovered again Ierusalem , and held it 92. yeers , Chap. 11. 3. The two witnesses 〈◊〉 and their corpes lying in the streets of the great city unburied three dayes and a half , is expounded by Brightman to be the decree of the Councell of Trent , the Pope and Charles the fifth , dated the eight of April 1546. Calling the scriptures a dead letter , as Pope Innocent had before decreed . And so the scriptures were but as a dead corpes , for the space of three yeers and a half , ( Sleydan ) untill the coming of Mauritius , and the men of Magdeburg , who made the said councell to ●●ie the ninth of November 1549. This councell continued by fits 17 or 18 yeers . The Emperour with the consent of his brother Ferdinando and the Princes of Germany suffered the Scriptures again to be read in their mother tongue by a decree at Ausburg the seventh of October 1555. when the two witnesses were set again upon thei● feet , Chap. 11. 13. And then the tenth part of the city is said to fall , which was England , Denmark , Swetia and a great part of Germany fell then away from the Romish Religion or sea . Napier takes it to be meant of the councell of Constance , which began Anno 1414. These two witnesses are to prophesie 1260 dayes clothed in sackcloth , which are so many yeers , and then they are to be slain . Wherefore they must not begin at Constantines time , as Napier and Brightman suppose , but a little after his death at the Councell of Ariminum : where above 200. good Bishops opposed the multit●de of the Arrians . Lanquet saith it was held , Anno 361 ▪ Melan●thon 362 , from thence the 27 of September , it was removed to Sele●cium . From whence ( adding 1260 yeers ) it will fall out to be about 1620 or 1621. About which time was the losse and fall of those two famous Churches of Bohemia and the Palatinate : or if you will , the great afflictions that fell on the two Churches of France and Germany , which caused a great rejoycing among Papists in all places . But if I might see them upon their feet again either in Anno 1624 or 25. I shall be confident it was meant of them . Parker who wrote upon the crosse , and died at Frankford , saith ( by learned Brightmans leave ) that by the Angel powring out his viall on the sun ▪ is meant some great affliction to fall upon some Church . And the Angel shewing Iohn the destruction of the whore out of the wildernesse , meaneth that he which shall destroy Rome , his country must be first made a wildernes , which he saith is some Protestant or Lutheran State , Chap. 12. 14. The time , times and half a time , must agree with the sixth verse of the twelfth chapter , where the woman is fed in the desart 1260. dayes , which make three yeers and a half . Also they say it was the custome of the Prophets to account yeers by moneths , weeks and dayes , as Num. 14 34. Eze●h . 4. 5 ▪ 6. The 70. weekes in Daniel must of necessity be 490. yeers . 40. dayes and Nineve● shall be destroyed , Ionah . 3. 4. which came to passe just 40. yeers after , by Cyaxares . And thirteene yeers before the desolation of Ierusalem by Nebuchadnezzar . Eusebius , Of the times of the alteration of States . Nineveh the Imperiall city of the Assyrians was distant from Jerusalem north-east 648. miles . And Anno mundi 3238 , and before Christ 730. Merodach a Chaldean slew Senacharib and his sonne Asarhaddon , and made the A●syrians subject to the Babylonians , Babylon is 680. miles from Ierusalem towards the east . About 536. yeers before Christ Babylon was taken by Cyrus . And so the Empire of the Babylonians came to the Persians . Persepolis their chief city was from Ierusalem , 1240 miles towards the east : about 302. yeers before Christ Alexander magnus overcame Darius and translated the Empire to the Grecians . Their chief city Philippi was distant from Ierusalem ) 954 ▪ miles north-east . A little before Christs time Iuli●● gat th● name of Emperour : but it was setled in August●● at the birth of Christ . So much of the s●cond of Daniel . 1. In the eleventh chapter , the two witness●s prophesie clothe● in sackcloth 1260. dayes . In the twelfth chapter , the woman is nourished in the wildernesse 1260. dayes . 2. In the eleventh , the holy city shall they tread under foo● 42. moneths . In the 13 th . power is given to the Beast to domineer 42. moneths . A time , times and half a time is expounded three yeers and a half . Three yeers and a half contain 4● . moneths , which make 1260 ▪ d●ies ; thirty dayes to a moneth . Now for the time of the fall and destruction of the enemies of the Church . By the account of Napier it shall be , Anno 1639. Brightman faith before 1650. These two begin at Constantines time . But I crave leave of these two worthies to begin 35. yeers after theirs , my reasons are ; Fi●st , they take the man ▪ childe to be Constantine , and so do I , but it is plain in the text that he is first taken up to God before the womans flying into the wildernesse , which came not to passe untill 23. or 26. yeers after the death of Constantine . Secondly , in his time the Church most flourished and had no cause to hide ; But Con●●anti●●● b●unty and leaving Rome to the Popes government was the cause that p●esently Rome grew proud and turned to be the great whor● ▪ ●or ( committing ●ornication with errou● and ambition ) ●he conceived and brought forth two sons that wer● ▪ Beasts : yi● ▪ Constanti●● Emperours and Liberi●s Pope both Arri●●s . These are the fathers and Grandsires of the two Breasts ▪ viz. of all the Antichristian Emperour and Popes following . So that it was er●our and p●rsecution which caused the Church to hide her sel● . The greatest difficulty is to know the time when the womans flying began : to free my sel● from envy and ●avill of Papists and Prot●stants I will begi● at t●e Ar●ia● councells . And I will begin my computation at the horrible dec●ee and councell of Antioch , Anno 365. And add to it 1260 yeers , the time of the womans hiding i● the wildernesse ( and the Beasts time of Domineering ) it makes 1625. At the end whereof I hope the woman or Church sh●ll come forth as a virgine and Bride trim ▪ d for her husband , and see all her enemies trod under foot : which I pray God the father of all mercies and the God of all comfort to grant , &c. But I know many will say , my calculation is incredible , c●nsidering the Popes and the Emperours late prevailings , together with their and the King of Spaines power . I answer : The whores plagues are to come upon her at a day , Chap. 17. which may well be unde●stood of a yeers warning , or upon a suddain . Also if Babylon be and were an Antitype of Rome , as it is apparent ; Babylon was of an incredible strength and greatnesse . The walls were 50. cubits thick and 200 high , and 380 ▪ furlongs in compasse as Strab● saith , which makes 48. miles . The river E●p●●ate● ran thorow it . The first founder was Nimrod ▪ like Romulus , branded with the most perspicuous note of cruelty : compelling his vassals ( like the Pope ) to worship him with divine wo●ship , and after his death to be honoured for one of the principall gods by the name of Saturne . ( Chap. 18. ) And ●f Romes destruction be described by the name of Babylon : and Babylon was destroyed upon a suddain , when they were secure . Belshazzar was merry in his cups . The same night the city was taken destroyed : and so may the Pope for any thing I know . And if any ask , by whom it shall come to passe . It is said , Rev. 17. that there are ten horns , which are ten Kings , who shall hate the whore and make her desolate . If any demand who these ten Kings are , let them reade Maxwells Iury of 24. Prophets , whereof twelve ●re canonized by Popes for Saints , Bale reckons them seven in England , one in Sc●tland , one in Ireland and one in Wales . These saith he shall hate the whore and make her desolate . But I will cite two or three of Maxw●lls Prophets which are most to the purpose . First Paulus Secundus and Grebnerus of Misma the Germane Astrologian . He foretelling divers strange things which have since come to passe . As the destuction and dissipation of the Spanish fleete in 88. The murther of Henry the third of France : the preferment of Henry the fourth to the crown . The besieging and winning of Grooning in Friezland and the death of Philip the second King of Spaine in his Sericum mundi filum . He also doeth deliver that the Lyon having the rose and the lillies on his armes shall utterly destroy the Pope : so that afterward there shall never be any more Pope . Thus farre Maxwell out of Grebnerus . This that follows of Greb●er●s is taken out of the Originall , in Trinity Library , Banner . 173. The Romane Scepter and Diademe being laid down or taken away from the house of Austria by fatall necessity , being oppressed of the Germanes , and Forraigners , French , English , Danish , and Swevians , flocking and flowing together hence and thence . Whence shall a horrible , bloody and most sharp battell arise , wherewith all Europe ( being grievously shaken ) shall tremble : and being sundry waies rent and wasted , it shall be obnoxious to notable mutations and changes . To this battaile , ( and to the making of eruptions into the provinces of the Pomeranes , Megapolensians , and Danes ) the King of Swevia of that time shall be invited and drawne by the writings of the Legate of the Romane Sea : to which , if he shall obey , he becomes the neerest Companion or fellow of War : but evilly and unluckily , by that propinquity or ●eerenesse . Wherefore I counsell him to leave Suevia in that state he had received it . So hims●●●e , his stocke and Posterity shall quietly and peaceably enjoy it , being content with their own condition : Wherewith they do Governe , they shall preserve ▪ their Nation and Subjects , and keep them bo●nd to them in duty . But if he shall determine ▪ with his heart to perswade his people , and to draw them from the way , the Lord shall take him away by death . And so of or from a Charles , a Great Charles reigning , is made , who with great successe and fortune shall rule the Northerne people , and as an Enemie fight luckily with hi● Navie against the Spanish power and Tyranny , and their Navie or Armado . And together with other Christian forces conjoyned shall fight stoutly and fiercely . But God doth call out of this life the Popish wife of the King , from whence the Romane High Priest shall con●eive great ●errour , which shall the more m●rease and presse when Charles the King himself shall oppose Antichrist , and bee adverse unto him , and shall joyne his forces to the Bands of the Germanes and other neighbours , and oppugne or fight against the Spanish Diademe ▪ And then the Swevian shall use his Navie with most happie successe , and his people by Land , and by Sea , against the Enemie . Bohemia doth fe●le tumults and warlike noyses , with a great falling away of her people . At that time , the last Caesar of the house of Austria , shall put on the nose of the Elector of Saxonie , Spanish , sra●dulent , deceiptfull , flattering ▪ and treacherous Spectacles . The nature of ▪ which spectacles at laft he knowes and by experience is taught , that these spectacles of the house of Austria , are colloguing or flattering and glorious words , wicked and treacherous practises . And if he go on further to give credit unto them : he shall cast head-long himselfe , wife , and children , and all the confederates of Christendome into pernicious destruction , whence the Pope of Rome shall take up a great laughter . But the Lord doth raise up an Elector which shall throw down and raze out the Romane Antichrist with all his members and ayders . In this violent , head-long and Sea-tumult , and in the song of despaire of the Romane Caesar , the Exiles of all the Kings and Princes of Europe ; the Bavarians , the Bohemians , Burgundians , and Portingalls . shall be restored to their former estate . And a noble and stout Bohemian Lord doth possesse and recover his jurisdiction . They that have not seene the destruction , the meeting together of Armes , and the dissipation : these being expelled , shall plot or seeke their recovery . And the heires of them shall contend and labour , that by the bounty of the last Emperour of Germanie they may be set againe in the place of their Ancestors . There ariseth now a fortunate Bohemian Zisca for the Bohemian Warre . And a certaine Germane Zisca , most powerfull and famous : who shall bruise and breake the heads of the Iesuites in Germany . He shall drive and banish them out of Bohemia and Austria , and shall subdue to himselfe the Bohemians and all that thorow Austria and Pannonia even to Constantinople , and all those people . And therefore it is meete and just , that a glittering and precious golden crowne , burning , be set on the head of this Teutonicall or Germane Zisca , or on the head of the Storke , who being a great and stout Warriour doth come forth out of the stock of Mars . And he shall be called a worthy noble man. He shall ruse victoriously , which shall doe these famous things and happily finish them with his other Captaines of Zisca . After these changes , a subtile exercised interpretor of the Revelation of Saint Iohn , may more easily understand , and more lively decipher the same , the ninths being past by little and little betweene the 606. There shall be a more lively explication of those things which Ezechiel and Daniel have Prophesied of the last Act of the age of the world . Paulus Grebnerus his silken thread of the world perfected at Magdeburgh . Anno. 1574. This booke was found in the Closet of Queen Elizabeth at her death by Doctor Nevill , &c. Also a Prophesie of Capistranus in the Records of Canterbury . The Lyon of the house of Burgundy having got the Empire , will seeke to build a sure nest for his young : but it shall not be ▪ for there ariseth a certaine grave and constant man , neere Aquisgrave of the Rheine , who being chosen , shall restore the Apostolicall discipline . And in the third incursion of time shall prevaile and do great things , and there shall be of his race to the day of jadgement . This Capistranus was a Franciscan Minorite Fryer , and prayed for the Souldiers under Huniades at the siege of Belgrade by the Turke Anno 1454. saith Symonds , fol. 224. He is also one of Maxwells Prophets . Also Nostrodamus saith ▪ that Rome shall be ruled by her old Brit●nish head . Those 10. Kings which were to rise with the beast and gave their power to her , and which shall also hate the Whore and make her desolate . Bale reckons them as before , seven in England , the other three in Wales , Ireland , and Scotland . These , saith he ▪ rose with the Beast , and first gave their power to the Beast , and did h●m homage , paying him Peter pence as a service . This was Anno 433. This kingdome was afterward reduced into a Monarchy by Aluredus , Anno D●m . 687. But I rather like Grebnerus judgement , who reckons them thu● ▪ The French , the English , the Danes , the Swetians and the Germanes ; for they begin to combine prettily together at this time . Savanorolla saith that one should come over the Alpes like to Cyrus , which should subvert and destroy Jtaly and Rome . He lived about , Anno 1496. saith Lanquet . FINIS . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A29507-e130 1 King. 10. 9. Ioh. 3. 33 1 Thes . 21. 1 Cor. 14. 33.