Contemplations vpon the principall passages of the holy storie. The first volume, in foure bookes by J.H. ... Hall, Joseph, 1574-1656. 1612 Approx. 262 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 189 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2007-01 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A02525 STC 12650 ESTC S122621 24165870 ocm 24165870 27285 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A02525) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 27285) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1475-1640 ; 1818:6) Contemplations vpon the principall passages of the holy storie. The first volume, in foure bookes by J.H. ... Hall, Joseph, 1574-1656. [14], 362 p. Printed by M. Bradwood for Sa. Macham, London : 1612. Signatures: [par.]⁸(-[par.]1) A-Y⁸ Z⁵. Title in architectural border. Errata: p. [13]. Reproduction of original in the Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. Gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. 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Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements). Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng Bible. -- O.T. -- Meditations. Bible. -- O.T. -- History of Biblical events. 2005-11 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2005-11 Aptara Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2006-08 Ali Jakobson Sampled and proofread 2006-08 Ali Jakobson Text and markup reviewed and edited 2006-09 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion Contemplations VPON THE PRINCIPALL PASSAGES OF THE Holy Storie . The First Volume , In foure Bookes . By J. H. D. D. LONDON , Printed by M. Bradwood for Sa. Macham 1612. To THE HIGH AND MIGHTY PRINCE HENRY Prince of WALES , his Highnesses vnworthy seruant dedicates all his labours , and wishes all happinesse . Most gracious Prince , THis worke of mine , which ( if my hopes and desires faile me not ) time may heereafter make great , I haue presumed both to dedicate in whole to your Highnesse , and to parcell out in seuerals vnto subordinate hands . It is no maruell if Bookes haue this freedome , when wee our selues can and ought to be all yours , while wee are our owne , and others vnder you . I dare say , these Meditations , how rude soeuer they may fall from my pen , in regard of their subiect are fit for a Prince . Heere your Highnesse shall see how the great patterne of Princes , the King of Heauen , hath euer ruled the World , how his substitutes , earthly Kings , haue ruled it vnder him , and with what successe either of glorie , or ruine . Both your peace and warre shall finde heere holy and great examples . And if historie and obseruation bee the best Counsellours of your youth ; what storie can bee so wise and faithfull as that which God hath written for men , wherein you see both what hath beene done , and what should bee ? What obseruation so worthie as that which is both raised from God , and directed to him ? If the proprietie which your Highnesse iustly hath in the worke , and Author , may draw your Princely eies and heart the rather to these holy speculations , your seruant shall bee happier in this fauour , than in all your outward bountie ; as one , to whom your spirituall progresse deserues to bee dearer than his owne life ; and whose daily suit is , that God would guide your steps aright in this slipperie age and continue to reioice all good hearts in the view of your gracious proceedings . Your HIGHNESSES humbly deuoted seruant , IOS . HALL . Contemplations . THE FIRST BOOKE . The Creation of the World. Man. Paradise . Cain and Abel . The Deluge . TO THE RIGHT HONOVRABLE , THOMAS Earle of EXCETER , one of his Maiesties most honorable Priuy Counsell : All grace and happinesse . RIght Honorable , I knew I could not bestow my thoughts better than vpon Gods owne historie , so full of edification and delight : which I haue in such sort indeuoured to doe , that I shall giue occasion to my Reader of some meditations , which perhaps hee would haue missed . Euery helpe in this kinde deserues to be precious . I present the first part to your Honour , wherein you shall see the world both made , and smoothered againe : Man in the glorie of his creation , and the shame of his fall : Paradise at once made and lost . The first man killing his seede , the second his brother . If in these I shall giue light to the thoughts of any Reader , let him with me giue the praise to him from whom that light shone foorth to me . To whose grace and protection I humbly commend your Lordship : as Your Honours vnfainedly deuoted in all obseruance and dutie , IOS . HALL . Errata . PAge 2. line 9. read vnperfect . p. 18. l. 1. for mighty re . weighty . p. 19. l. 10. for whether r. whither . p. 21. l. 1 for incensible r. insensible . p. 27. l. 6. for which vile , read which is vile . p. 28. l. 8 for the r. their . p. 30. l. 3. for be otherwise r. be no otherwise . p. 42. l. antepen . for measure r. pleasure . p 44. l. 7. for wrought r. taught . p. 47. l. penult . for as r. and. p. 5● . l. 17. for these r. those . pag. 74. l. 12. for great y r. gently . p 91. l. penult . for least r. lest . p. 100. l. 13 for quall r. equall p. 116. l. 5. for whether r. whither . pag. 119 l. 16. for should Sarah r. should liue in Sarah . p. 123 l. 8. for neither r. either . p. 128. l. 1. for his r. this . pa. 130. l. 15. for any r. and. p. 147. l. 1. for for r. from . pa. 148. l. penult . for professe r. professe not . pa. 154. l. 13. for these r. those . p. 181. l. 6. for eares r. teares . pa 231. l 16 for really r reall ly . p. 248. l. 16. for affliction r. affection . p. 251. l. vl . for vnbeleeuing r. vnbeseeming . pag. 288. l. 6. for times r. time . p. 318. l. 5. for more proficiency r. meere vnproficiency . Besides the reader must be intreated to pardon the misse-pointing , especially of the three first bookes ; as the want of stops , pag , 27. l. 10. p. 55. l. ●2 . p. 56. l. 15. p. 57. l. 10. p. 64. l. vlt. p. 70. l. 14. p. 71. l. 9. p. 77. l. 10. p. 98. l. 10. p. 111. l. penult . p. 121. l. 2. p. 125. l. 9. p. 132. l. 1. pag. 146. l. 2. p. 151. l. 3. pa. 174 l. 12. p. 180. l. 10. p. 190. l. 13. p. 194. l 17. p. 198. antepen . p. 221. l. 12. p. 233. l. 18. p. 243 l. 15. Through fault of the copie . Contemplations . THE FIRST BOOKE . The Creation . WHat can I see , O God , in thy Creation but miracles of wonders ? Thou madest something of nothing , and of that somthing all things . Thou which wast without a beginning , gauest a beginning to time , and to the world in time : It is the praise of vs men if when we haue matter , we can giue fashion ; thou gauest a beeing to the matter , without forme ; thou gauest a form to that matter , and a glory to that forme ; If wee can but finish a sleight and vnperfest matter , according to a former patterne , it is the height of our skill , but to beginne that which neuer was , whereof there was no example , whereto there was no inclination , wherin there was no possibility of that which it should bee , is proper onely to such power as thine ; the infinite power of an infinite creator : with vs , not so much as a thought can arise without some matter , but heere with thee , all matter arises from nothing . How easie is it for thee to repaire all out of something , which couldest thus fetch al out of nothing ? wherin can we now distrust thee , that hast prooued thy self thus omnipotent ? Behold to haue made the least clod of nothing , is more aboue wonder then to multiply a world ; but now the matter doth not more praise thy power , then the forme thy wisedome ; what beauty is heere ? what order ? what order in working ? what beauty in the worke . Thou mightest haue made all the world perfect in an instant , but thou wouldest not . That wil , which caused thee to create , is reason enough why thou diddest thus create . How should we deliberate in our actions , which are so subiect to imperfection , since it pleased thine infinite perfection ( not out of need ) to take leasure . Neither did thy wisedome heerein proceede in time onely , but in degrees : At first thou madest nothing absolute ; first thou madest things which should haue being without life , then those which should haue life and being ; lastly those which haue being , life , reason : So we our selues in the ordinary course of generation , first liue the life of vegetation , then of sense , of reason afterwards . That instant wherein the heauen and the earth were created in their rude matter , there was neither day nor light , but presently thou madest both light & day . Whiles wee haue this example of thine , how vainely do wee hope to bee perfect at once ? It is well for vs , if through many degrees wee can rise to our consummation . But ( alas ) what was the very heuen it selfe without light ? how confused ? how formelesse ? like to a goodly body without a soule , like a soule without thee . Thou art light , and in thee is no darkenesse . Oh how incomprehensibly glorious is the light that is in thee , since one glimpse of this created light gaue so liuely a glory to al thy workemanship ! This , euen the bruite creatures can behold : That , not the very Angels . That shines foorth onely to the other supreme world of immortality ; this to the basest part of thy creation . There is one cause of our darkenesse on earth , and of the vtter darkenesse in hell , the restraint of thy light . Shine thou O God , into the vast corners of my soule , and in thy light I shall see light . But whence , O God , was that first light ? The sunne was not made till the fourth day , light the first . If man had then beene , he might haue seene all lightsome ; but whence it had come he could not haue seene : As in some great pond , we see the bancks full , wee see not the springs whence that water ariseth . Thou that madest the Sunne , madest the light , without the Sunne , before the Sunne , that so light might depend vpon thee , and not vpon thy Creature . Thy power will not be limited to meanes . It was easie to thee to make an heauen without a Sunne , light without an heauen , day without a Sunne , time without a day : It is good reason thou shouldest bee the Lord of thine owne workes . All meanes serue thee : why doe wee weake wretches distrust thee ; in the want of those meanes , which thou canst either command , or forbeare . How plainly wouldst thou teach vs , that wee creatures neede not one another , so long as wee haue thee ? One day we shall haue light againe , without the Sunne . Thou shalt be our Sunne ; thy presence shall be our light : Light is sowne for the righteous . This Sunne and light is but for the world below it selfe ; thine only for aboue . Thou giuest this light to the Sunne , which the Sunne giues to the world : That light which thou shalt once giue vs , shall make vs shine like the Sunne in glory . Now this light which for three daies was thus dispersed thorow the whole heauens , it pleased thee at last to gather and vnite into one body of the Sunne . The whole heauen was our Sunne , before the Sunne was created : but now one starre must be the Treasury of light to the heauen and earth . How thou louest the vnion and reduction of all things of one kind to their owne head and center . So the waters must by thy command be gathered into one place , the sea ; so the vpper waters must be seuered by these aery limits from the lower : so heauy substances hasten downeward , aud light mount vp : so the generall light of the first daies must bee called into the compasse of one sunne ; so thou wilt once gather thine elect from all coasts of heauen to the participation of one glory . Why doe wee abide our thoughts and affections scattered from thee , from thy Saints , from thine Annointed ? Oh let this light which thou hast now spread abroad in the hearts of all thine , once meet in thee : Wee are as thy heauens in this their first imperfection ; be thou our Sunne , into which our light may be gathered . Yet this light was by thee interchanged with darknes , which thou mightst as easily haue commanded to bee perpetuall . The continuance euen of the best things cloieth , and wearieth : there is nothing but thy selfe , wherein there is not satiety . So pleasing is the vicissitude of things , that the intercourse euen of those occurrents which in their owne nature are lesse worthy , giues more contentment , then the vnaltered estate of better . The day dies into night ; and rises into the morning againe ; that we might not expect any stability heere below , but in perpetuall succession● : It is alwaies daie with thee aboue : the night sauoreth onely of mortalitie : Why are we not heere spiritually as wee shall be heereafter ? Since thou hast made vs children of the light , and of the day , teach vs to walk euer in the light of thy presence , not in the darknesse of error and vnbeleefe . Now in this thine inlightned frame , how fitly , how wisely are all the parts disposed ; that the method of the creation might answer the matter , the forme , both . Behold all purity aboue ; below , the dregges and lees of all . The higher I goe , the more perfection ; each element superiour to other , not more in place then dignity ; that by these staires of ascending perfection our thoughts might climbe vnto the top of all glory , and might know thine empyreal heauen no lesse glorious aboue the visible , than those aboue the earth . Oh how miserable is the place of our pilgrimage , in respect of our home ! Let my soule tread a while in the steps of thine owne proceedings ; and so thinke as thou wroughtest : When wee would describe a man , wee begin not at the feete , but the head : The head of thy Creation is the heauen ; how high ? how spatious ? how glorious ? It is a wonder that we can looke vp to so admirable an height , and that the very eye is not tyred in the way . If this ascending line could bee drawne right forwards , some that haue calculated curiously haue found it 500. yeares iourney vnto the starrie heauen . I doe not examine their arte ; O Lord , I wonder rather at thine , which hast drawne so large a line about this little point of earth : For in the plainest rules of art and experience , the compasse must needs be six times as much as halfe the height . Wee thinke one Iland great , but the earth vnmeasurably . If wee were in that heauen with these eies , the whole earth ( were it equally inlightned ) would seeme as little to vs , as now the least starre in the firmament seemes to vs vpon earth : And indeed , how few stars are so little as it ? And yet how many void and ample spaces are there besides all the starres ? The hugenesse of this thy worke , O God , is little inferiour for admiraon to the maiesty of it . But oh what a glorious heauen is this which thou hast spred ouer our heads ? With how pretious a vault hast thou walled in this our inferior world ? What worlds of light hast thou set aboue vs ? Those things which wee see are wondrous ; but those which wee beleeue and see not , are yet more . Thou dost but set out these vnto view , to shew vs what there is within . How proportionable are thy works to thy selfe ? Kings erect not cotages , but set foorth their magnificence in sumptuous buildings : so hast thou done , O King of glory . If the lowest pauement of that heauen of thine bee so glorious , what shall we thinke of the better parts yet vnseene ? And if this Sunne of thine bee of such brightnesse and maiesty , oh what is the glory of the maker of it ? And yet if some other of thy starres were let downe as low as it , those other starres would bee Sunnes to vs ; which now thou hadst rather to haue admired in their distance . And if such a skie be prepared for the vse and benefit euen of thine enemies also vpon earth , how happie shall those eternall Tabernacles bee , which thou hast sequestred for thine owne ? Behold then in this high and stately building of thine , I see three stages ; This lowest heauen for fowles , for vapours , for meteors : The second for the starres : The third for thine Angels and Saints . The first is thine outward Court , open for all : The second is the body of thy couered Temple , wherin are those candles of heauen perpetually burning : The third is thine Holy of Holies . In the first is tumult , and vanity : In the second immutability & rest : In the third glory and blessednes . The first we feele , the second we see , the third we beleeue . In these two lower is no felicity , for neither the fowles , nor starres are happy . It is the third heauen alone , where thou , O blessed Trinity , enioyest thy selfe , and thy glorified spirits inioy thee . It is the manifestation of thy glorious presence that makes heauen to be it selfe ; This is the priuiledge of thy children : that they he reseeing thee which art inuisible by the eye of faith , haue already begun that heauen which the perfect sight of thee shall make perfect aboue . Let my soule then let these heauens alone till it may see , as it is seeene . That wee may descend to this lowest and meanest region of heauen , wherwith our senses are more acquainted ; What maruels doe euen heere meete with vs ? There are thy clouds the bottles of raine , vessels as thin as the liquor which is contained in them : there they hange , and mooue , ( though mighty with their burden : ) How they are vpheld , and why they fall , heere , and now , wee know not , and wonder ; these thou makest one while as some aery seas to hold water : an other while , as some aery fornaces , whence thou scatterest thy sudden fires vnto all parts of the earth , astonishing the world with the fearefull noyse of that eruption : out of the midst of water thou fetchest fire ; and hard stones out of the midst of thinne vapours ; another while , as some steele glasses , wherein the Sunne lookes and shewes his face in the variety of those colours which he hath not ; There are thy streames of light , blazing and falling stars , fires darted vp and downe in many formes , hollow openings , and ( as it were ) gulfes in the skie ; bright circles about the moone , and other planets , snowes , haile : In all which it is enough to admire thine hand , though wee cannot search out thine action . There are thy subtle windes , which wee heare and feele , yet neither can see their substance , nor know their causes ; whence and whither they passe , and what they are , thou knowest . There are thy fowles of all shapes , colours , notes , natures : whiles I compare these with the inhabitants of that other heauen , I find those starres , and spirits like one another : These meteors and fowles , in as many varieties , as there are seuerall creatures . Why is this ? Is it because man ( for whose sake these are made ) delights in change ; thou in constancie ? Or is it , that in these thou maiest shew thine owne skill , and their imperfection ▪ There is no varietie in that which is perfect , because there is but one perfection ; and so much shall wee grow neerer to perfectnesse , by how much wee draw neerer to vnitie , and vniformitie . From thence , if wee goe downe to the great deepe , the wombe of moisture , the well of fountaines , the great pond of the world ; wee know not whether to wonder at the Element it selfe , or the guests which it containes . How doth that sea of thine roare and fome and swell , as if it would swallow vp the earth ? Thou stayest the rage of it by an incensible violence : and by a naturall miracle confinest his waues , why it mooues , and why it staies , it is ●o vs equally wonderfull : what liuing mountaines ( such are thy Whales ) rowle vp and downe in those fearefull billows : for greatnesse of number , hugenesse of quantity , strangenesse of shapes , variety of fashions , neither ayre nor earth can compare with the waters : I say nothing of thy hid treasures which thy wisedome hath reposed in the bowels of the earth and sea ; How secretly , and how basely are they laide vp ? secretly , that wee might not seeke them ; basely , that we might not ouer esteeme them : I neede not dig so low as these mettals , mineries , quarres , which yeeld riches enough of obseruation to the soule . How many millions of wonders doth the very face of the earth offer mee ? which of these herbes , floures , trees , leaues , seeds , fruits , is there ? What beast , what worme , wherein wee may not see the footsteps of a Deitie : wherein wee may not read infinitenesse of power of skill : and must be forced to confesse , that hee which made the Angels and starres of heauen , made also the vermin on earth : O God the hart of man is too strait to admire enough euen that which he treads vpon ? What shall we say to thee the maker of all these ? O Lord how wonderfull are thy works in all the world , in wisedome hast thou made them all . And in all these thou spakest , and they were done . Thy wil is thy word , & thy word is thy deed . Our tongue , and hand , and hart are different : all are one in thee ; which art simply one , & infinite . Here needed no helps , no instruments : what could be present with the eternal : what needed , or what could bee added to the infinite ? Thine hand is not shortned , thy word is still equally effectuall ; say thou the word and my soule shall be made new againe : say thou the word , & my body shall be repayred from his dust . For all things obey thee ; O Lord why doe I not yeeld to the word of thy counsell ; since I must yeeld , as all thy creatures , to the word of thy command ? Man. BVt ( O God ) what a little Lord hast thou made ouer this great world ? The least corne of sand is not so small to the whole earth , as man is to the heauen : when I see the heauens , the sun , moone , and stars , O God what is man ? Who would thinke thou shouldst make all these creatures for one , and that one , well-neere the least of all ? Yet none but hee , can see what thou hast done ; none but hee can admire , and adore thee in what he seeth ; how had hee need to doe nothing but this , since hee alone must doe it ? Certainly the price and vertue of things consists not in the quantity : one diamond is more woorth then manie quarries of stone , one loadstone hath more vertue then mountaines of earth : It is lawfull for vs to praise thee in our selues : All thy creation hath not more wonder in it , then one of vs : other creatures thou madest by a simple command ; Man , not without a diuine consultation : others at once ; Man thou didst first forme , then inspire : others in seuerall shapes like to none but themselues : Man after thine own image : others with qualities fit for seruice ; Man for dominion ; Man had his name from thee ; They had their names from man ; How shold we be consecrated to thee aboue all others , since thou hast bestowed more cost on vs then others ? What shall I admire first ? Thy prouidence in the time of our creation ? Or thy power & wisedome in the act ? First thou madest the great house of the world & furnishedst it : then thou broughtest in thy Tenant to possesse it ; The bare wals had beene too good for vs , but thy loue was aboue our desert : Thou that madest ready the earth for vs before wee were , hast by the same mercy prepared a place in heauen for vs whiles we are on earth . The stage was first fully prepared then was man brought forth , thither , as an actor , or spectator , that he might neither be idle nor discontent , behold thou hadst addressed an earth for vse , an heauen for contemplation : after thou hadst drawne that large and reall mappe of the world ; thou didst thus abridge it into this little table of man ; hee alone consists of Heauen and earth ; soule and bodie . Euen this earthly part which vile in comparison of the other , as it is thine ( O God ) I dare admire it , though I can neglect it as mine owne , for loe ; this heape of earth hath an outward reference to heauen , other creatures grouel downe to their earth , and haue all their senses intent vpon it ; this is reared vp towards heauen , and hath no more power to look beside Heauen , then to tread beside the earth . Vnto this , euery part hath his wonder . The head is neerest to heauen , as in place , so in resemblance ; both for roundnesse of figure , and for those diuine guests which haue their seat in it ; There dwell those maiesticall powers of reson , which make a man ; all the senses as they haue their originall from thence , so they doe all agree there to manifest the vertue : how goodly proportions hast thou set in the face ; such as though oft-times we can give no reason why they please , yet transport vs to admiration ; what liuing glasses are those which thou hast placed in the midst of this visage , whereby all obiects from farre are clearly represented to the minde ? and because their tendernesse lyes open to dangers , how hast thou defenced them with hollow bones , and with prominent browes , and lids ? And least they should bee too much bent on what they ought not , thou hast giuen them peculiar nerues to pul them vp towards the seat of their rest ? What a tongue hast thou giuen him ; the instrument not of taste only , but of speech ? How sweet and excellent voyces are formed by that little loose filme of flesh , what an incredible strength hast thou giuen to the weake bonds of the iawes ? What a comely and tower-like necke , therefore most sinewye because smallest . And lest I be infinit , what able arms and actiue hands hast thou framed him , whereby he can frame all things to his owne conceit . In euery part beauty , strength , conuenience meet together . Neither is there any wherof our weaknesse cannot giue reason , why it should be otherwise . How hast thou disposed of all the inward vessels , for all offices of life , nourishment , egestion , generation ; No vaine sinew , artery is ydle . There is no peece in this exquisite frame whereof the place , vse , forme , doth not admit wonder , and exceed it : Yet this body if it be compared to the soule , what is it , but as a clay wall that encompasses a treasure , as the woodden boxe of a Ieweller ; as a course case to a rich instrument , or as a maske to a beautifull face . Man was made last , because hee was woorthiest . The soule was inspired last , because yet more noble ; If the body haue this honor to bee the companion of the soule , yet withall it is the drudge . If it bee the instrument , yet also the clog of that diuine part . The companion for life , the drudge for seruice , the instrument for action , the clog in respect of contemplation . These external works are effected by it , the internall which are more noble , hindered ; Contrary to the bird which sings most in her cage , but flyes most and highest at liberty . This my soule teaches me of it selfe , that it selfe cannot conceiue how capable , how actiue it is . It can passe by her nimble thoughts from heauen to earth in a moment , it can be al things , can comprehend all things ; know that which is ; and conceiue of that which neuer was , neuer shall be : Nothing can fill it , but thou which art infinite , nothing can limit it but thou which art euery were . O God which madest it , replenish it , possesse it . Dwell thou in it which hast appointed it to dwel in clay . The body was made of earth common to his fellows , the soule inspired immediatly from God ; The body lay senselesse vpon the earth like it selfe , the breath of liues gaue it what it is , and that breath was from thee . Sence , motion , reason , are infused into it , at once . From whence then was this quickening breath ? No ayre , no earth , no water was heere vsed to giue helpe to this worke : Thou that breathedst vpon man , and gauest him the holy spirit : didst also breath vpon the body , and gauest it a liuing spirit , wee are beholden to nothing but thee for our soule . Our flesh is from flesh ; our spirit is from the God of spirits . How should our soules rise vp to thee , and fixe themselues in their thoughts vpon thee who alone created them in their infusion , & infused them in their creation ? How should they long to returne backe to the fountaine of their being , and author of beeing glorious ? Why may we not say that this soule as it came from thee , so it is like thee ; as thou , so it , is one , immateriall , immortall , vnderstanding spirit , distinguished into three powers which all make vp one spirit . So thou the wise creator of all things wouldest haue some things to resemble their creator . These other creatures are all body ; man is body and spirit ; the Angels are all spirit , not without a kind of spirituall composition ; Thou art alone after thine owne manner , simple , glorious , infinite ; No creature can bee like thee in thy proper being ; because it is a creature ; How should our finite , weake , compounded nature , giue any perfect resemblance of thine ? Yet of all visible creatures thou vouchsafest Man the neerest correspondence to thee : not so much in these naturall faculties , as in those diuine graces , wherewith thou beautifiest his soule . Our knowledge , holines , righteousnes was like the first coppy from which they were drawne ; Behold wee were not more like thee in these , then now wee are vnlike ourselues in their losse ; O God we now praise our selues to our shame , for the better we were we are the worse , As the sons of some prodigall or tainted auncestors tell of the lands , and Lordships which were once theirs ; onlie doe thou whet our desires answerable to the readinesse of thy mercies , that we may redeem what we haue lost ; that wee may recouer in thee , what wee haue lost in our selues , The fault shall be ours if our damage proue not beneficiall . I doe not finde that man thus framed found the want of an helper . His fruition of God gaue him fulnesse of contentment , the sweetnesse which hee found in the contemplation of this newe workmanship , and the glory of the author , did so take him vp , that hee had neither leisure nor cause of complaint . If man had craued an helper , he had grudged at the condition of his creation , and had questioned that which he had , perfection of being . But hee that gaue him his being , and knew him better then himselfe , thinks of giuing him comfort in the creature , whiles hee sought none but in his maker ; Hee sees our wants , and forecasts our releefe , when wee thinke our selues too happy to complaine : How ready will he be to helpe our necessities , that thus prouides for our perfection ? God giues the nature to his creatures , Man must giue the name , that hee might see they were made for him , they shal be , to him what hee will. In stead of their first homage , they are presented to their new Lord , and must see of whom they hold . He that was so carefull of mans soueraignty in his innocence , how can he be carelesse of his safety in his renouation ? If God had giuen them their names , it had not bene so great a praise of Adams memory to recall them as it was now of his iudgement ( at first sight ) to impose them , hee saw the inside of all the creatures at first ; ( his posterity sees but their skins euer since ; ) and by this knowledge he fitted their names to their dispositions . All that hee saw were fit to be his seruants , none to be his companions . The same God that finds the want , supplies it . Rather then mans innocency shall want an outward comfort , God will begin a new creation . Not out of the earth which was the matter of man , not out of the inferiour creatures , which were the seruants of Man , but out of himselfe , for dearnesse , for equality . Doubtlesse such was mans power of obedience , that if God had bidden him yeeld vp his rib , waking , for this vse , he had done it cheerfully , but the bounty of God was so absolute , that hee would not so much as consult with mans will , to make him happy . As man knew not while hee was made , so shal he not know while his other selfe is made out of him : that the comfort might be greater , which was seene before it was expected . If the woman should haue bin made , not without the paine , or will of the man , she might haue bene vpbrayded with her dependance , and obligation . Now shee owes nothing but to her creator : The ribbe of Adam sleeping , can challenge no more of her , then the earth can of him . It was an happy change to Adam of a ribbe , for an helper ; what help did that bone giue to his side ? God had not made it , if it had beene superfluous : and yet if man could not haue beene perfect without it , it had not beene taken out . Many things are vse-ful & conuenient , which are not necessary , and if God had seene man might not want it , how easie had it been for him which made the woman of that bone , to turne the flesh into another bone ? but he saw man could not complaine of the want of that bone , which hee had so multiplied , so animated . O God , wee can neuer be loosers by thy changes , we haue nothing but what is thine , take from vs thine own , when thou wilt , we are sure thou canst not but giue vs better . Paradise . MAn could no sooner see , then hee saw himselfe happie : His eye-sight and reason were both perfect at once , and the obiects of both were able to make him as happy as he would , when he first opened his eies , he saw heauen aboue him , earth vnder him , the creatures about him , God before him , hee knew what all these things meant , as if he had been long acquainted with them all : He saw the heauens glorious , but farre off , his maker thought it requisite to fit him with a paradise neerer home . If God had appointed him immediatly to heauen , his body had beene superfluous ; It was fit his body should bee answered with an earthen image of that heauen which was for his soule : Had man bin made only for contemplation , it would haue serued as well to haue been placed in some vast desert , on the top of some barren mountaine ; But the same power which gaue him an hart to meditate , gaue him hands to worke ; and work fit for his hands ; Neither was it the purpose of the Creator that man should but liue : mesure may stand with innocence ; he that reioyced to see al he had made to be good , reioyceth to see all that hee had made to be well ; God loues to see his creatures happy ; Our lawfull delight is his : they know not God that thinke to please him with making themselues miserable . The Idolaters thought it a fit seruice for Baal to cut and launce themselues ; neuer any holy man lookt for thanks from the true God by wronging himselfe . Euery earth was not fit for Adam , but a Garden ; a Paradise : What excellent pleasures , and rare varieties haue men found in gardens planted by the hands of men ? And yet all the world of men cannot make one twig , or leafe , or spire of grasse : When hee that made the matter vndertakes the fashion , how must it needs be beyond our capacity excellent ? No herb , no flower , no tree was wanting there , that might bee for ornament or vse ; whether for sight , or for sent , or for tast . The bounty of God wrought further then to necessity : euen to comfort and recreation : Why are we niggardly to our selues when God is liberall ? But for all this ; if God had not there conuersed with man , no abundance could haue made him blessed . Yet beholde that which was mans store house , was also his workehouse ; His pleasure was his taske , Paradise serued not onely to feed his senses , but to exercise his hands : If happinesse had consisted in doing nothing , man had not beene employed ; All his delights could not haue made him happy in an idle life . Man therefore is no sooner made , then he is set to worke : Neither greatnesse nor perfection can priuiledge a foulded hand ; Hee must labour because hee was happy ; how much more we , that we may bee ? This first labor of his was as without necessity , so without paines , without wearinesse ; how much more cheerefully wee goe about our businesses , so much neerer we come to our Paradise : Neither did these trees affoord him onely action for his hands , but instruction to his heart , for here he saw Gods sacraments grow before him ; All other trees had a naturall vse ; these two in the midst of the Garden , a spirituall ; Life is the act of the soule , knowledge the life of the soule ; the tree of knowledge , and the tree of life then , were ordained as earthly helpes of the spirituall part : Perhaps he which ordained the ende , immortality of life ; did appoint this fruit as the meanes , of that life ; It is not for vs to inquire after the life wee had ; and the meanes we should haue had , I am sure it serued to nourish the soule by a liuely representation of that liuing tree , whose fruite is eternall life , and whose leaues serue to heale the nations . O infinite mercy , man saw his Sauiour before him ; ere hee had need of a Sauiour , hee saw in whom hee should recouer an heauenly life , ere hee lost the earthly ; but after man had tasted of the tree of knowledge , hee might not taste of the tree of life ; That immortall food was not for a mortall stomacke : Yet then did he most sauour that inuisible tree of life , when he was most restrayned from the other . O Sauiour , none but a sinner can rellish thee : My tast hath bin enough seasoned with the forbidden fruit , to make it capable of thy sweetnesse ; Sharpen thou as well the stomacke of my soule by repenting as by beleeuing , so shall I eate in despight of A-Adam , liue for euer . The one tree was for confirmation ; the other for tryall , one shewed him what life hee should haue , the other what knowledge hee should not desire to haue : Alas , he that knew al other things , knew not this one thing , that he knew enough : how Diuine a thing is knowledge , whereof euen innocencie it selfe is ambitious ? Satan knew what he did , If this bayt had beene gold , or honour , or pleasure , man had contemned it , who can hope to auoide error , when euen mans perfection is mistaken ? He lookt for speculatiue knowledge , hee should haue looked for experimentall : he thought it had beene good to know euill : Good was large enough to haue perfected his knowledge , and therein his blessednesse . All that God made was good , and the maker of them much more good ; they good in their kinds , hee good in himselfe . It would not content him to know God , and his creatures , his curiosity affected to know that which God neuer made , euill of sin , and euill of death , which indeed himselfe made , by desiring to know them ; now we know well euill enough & smart with knowing it . How dear hath this lesson cost vs that in some cases it is better to be ignorant ; And yet do the sons of Eue inherit this saucy appetite of their grandmother ; How many thousand soules miscarry with the presumptuous affectation of forbidden knowledge : O God , thou hast reuealed more then we can know , enough to make vs happy , teach me a sober knowledge and a contented ignorance . Paradise was made for man , yet there I see the serpent ; what maruell is it if my corruption find the serpent in my closet , in my table , in my bed , when our holie parents found him in the midst of Paradise : no sooner is he entred but he tempteth , hee can no more bee idle , then harmlesse , I doe not see him at any other tree ; hee knew there was no danger in the rest ▪ I see him at the tree forbidden . How true a serpent is he in euery point ; In his insinuation to the place ; in his choyce of the tree , in his assault of the woman , in his plausiblenes of speech to auoid terror , in his question to moue doubt , in his reply to work distrust , in his protestation of safety , in his suggestion to enuy and discontent , in his promise of gaine . And if hee were so cunning at the first , what shall wee thinke of him now , after so many thousand yeares experience ? Onely thou , ( O God ) and these Angels that see thy face are wiser then hee ; I doe not aske why , when hee left his goodnesse , thou didst not bereaue him of his skill ? Still thou wouldst haue him an Angell , though an euill one , And thou knowest how to ordaine his crait to thine owne glory ; I do not desire thee to abate of his subtilty , but to make me wise ; Let me beg it without presumption , make me wiser then Adam ; euen thine image which he bore , made him not ( through his owne weaknes ) wise enough to obey thee ; thou offeredst him al fruits , and restrainedst but one ; Satan offered him but one and restrained not the rest ; when he chose rather to bee at Satans feeding then thine , it was iust with thee to turne him out of thy gates , with a curse : why shouldest thou feede a rebell at thine owne boord ? And yet wee transgresse daily , and thou shuttest not heauen against vs : how is it that wee find more mercy then our forefathers ? His strength is worthy of seuerity , our weaknesse finds pittie . That God from whose face he fled in the garden , now makes him with shame to flye out of the garden : those Angels that should haue kept him , now keep the gates of Paradise against him ; It is not so easie to recouer happinesse , as to keepe it , or leese it : Yea the same cause that droue man from Paradise , hath also withdrawne paradise from the world . That fiery sword did not defend it against those waters wherwith the sins of men drowned the glory of that place : neither now do I care to seek where that paradise was which we lost , I know where that Paradise is , which we must care to seeke ; and hope to finde ; As man was the image of God , so was that earthly Paradise an image of heauen ; both the images are defaced , both the first paterns are eternall : Adam was in the first , and stayed not : In the second , is the second Adam which saide , This day shalt thou be with mee in Paradise . There was that chosen vessell , & heard , and saw what could not bee expressed , by how much the third heauen exceeds the richest earth , so much doth that Paradise wherto wee aspire exceed that which we haue lost . Cain and Abell . LOoke now ( O my soule ) vpon the two first brethren , perhaps twins ; and wonder at their contrary dispositions and estates : If the priuiledges of nature had beene worth any thing , the first borne child should not haue bin a reprobate . Now that wee may ascribe all to free grace , the elder is a murderer , the yonger a saint , though goodnesse may bee repaired in our selues , yet it cannot bee propagated to ours : Now might Adam see the image of himselfe in Cain , for after his owne image begot hee him , Adam slew his posterity , Cain his brother , we are too like one another in that wherein we are vnlike to God : Euen the cleerest grain sends forth that chaffe from which it was fanned , ere the sowing : yet is this Cain a possession , the same Eue that mistooke the fruit of the garden , mistooke also the fruit of her owne body , her hope deceiued her in both ; so , many good names are ill bestowed ; and our comfortable expectations in earthly things do not seldome disappoint vs , doubtlesse their education was holy ; For Adam though in Paradise hee could not bee innocent , yet was a good man out of Paradise ; his sinne and fall now made him circumspect , and since hee saw that his act had bereaued them of that image of God which he once had for them , hee could not but labour by all holy indeuours to repayre it in them . That so his care might make a mends for his trespasse : How plaine is it , that euen good breeding cannot alter destiny ? That which is crooked can none make straight , who would thinke that brethren , and but two brethren : should not loue each other , Dispersed loue growes weake , and fewnesse of obiects vseth to vnite affections : If but two brothers bee left aliue of many , they thinke that the loue of all the rest should suruiue in them ; and now the beames of their affection are so much the hoter , because they reflect mutually in a right line vppon each other : yet behold , here are but two brothers in a world ; and one is the butcher of the other . Who can wonder at dissentions amongst thousands of brethren , when he sees so deadly opposition betwixt two , the first roots of brotherhood : who can hope to liue plausibly and securely amongst so many Cains , when hee sees one Cain the death of one Abel ? The same diuell that set enmity betwixt man and god ; sets enmity betwixt man and man , and yet God said ; I will put enmity betweene thy seed and her seed , our hatred of the serpent and his seed is from God : Their hatred of the holy seed is from the serpent ; Behold here at once , in one person the seed of the woman and of the serpent , Cains naturall parts are of the woman ; his vitious qualities of the serpent ; The woman gaue him to bee a brother , the serpent to be a manslayer , all vncharitablenesse , all quarrels are of one author : we cannot entertaine wrath , and not giue place to the Diuell . Certainely , so deadly an act must needs bee deepely grounded . What then was the occasion of this capitall malice ? Abels sacrifice is accepted ; what was this to Cain ? Cains is reiected ; what could Abel remedy this ? Oh enuie ; the corrasiue of all ill minds ; and the root of all desperate actions : the same cause that moued Satan to tempt the first man , to destroy himselfe , and his posterity , the same moues the second man to destroy the third : It should haue beene Cains ioy to see his brother accepted ; It should haue bene his sorrow , to see that himselfe had deserued a reiection , his brothers example should haue excited , and directed him : Could Abel haue stayed Gods fire from descending ? Or shold he ( if he could ) reiect Gods acceptation , and displease his maker , to content a brother ? Was Cain euer the farther from a blessing , because his brother obtained mercy ? How proud and foolish is malice ? which growes thus mad , for no other cause , but because God , or Abel is not lesse good ; It hath beene an olde and happy danger to be holy ; Indifferent actions must bee carefull to auoide offence ; But I care not what diuell or what Cain bee angry that I doe good , or receiue good . There was neuer any nature without enuy ; Euery man is born a Cain ; hating that goodnes in another , which hee neglected in himselfe ; There was neuer enuie that was not bloody ; for if it eat not anothers hart , it will eat our owne , but vnlesse it be restrained it will surely feed it selfe with the blood of others , oft times in act , alwaies in affection . And that God which ( in good ) accepts the will for the deed , condemns the will for the deed in euill . If there be an euill heart , there will bee an euill eye , and if both these , there will be an euill hand How earely did Martyrdome come into the world ? The first man that died , died for religion ; who dare measure Gods loue by outward euents , when hee sees wicked Cain standing ouer bleeding Abel ; whose sacrifice was first accepted , and now himselfe is sacrificed . Death was denounced to man as a curse ; yet behold it first lights vppon a Saint , how soone was it altered by the mercy of that iust hand which inflicted it ? If death had beene euill , and life good ; Cain had beene slaine , and Abel had suruiued , now that it begins with him that God loues , O death where is thy sting ? Abel sayes nothing , his blood cries : Euery drop of innocent blood hath a tongue , and is not onely vocall , but importunate , what a noise then did the blood of my Sauiour make in heauen , who was himselfe the shepheard and the sacrifice ; The man that was offered , and the God to whome it was offered ; The spirit that herd both saies , it spake better things then the blood of Abel ; Abels blood called for reuenge his for mercy ; Abels pleaded his owne innocency , his , the satisfaction for all the beleeuing world : Abels procured Cains punishment , his , freed all repentant souls from punishment , better things indeed , then the blood of Abel . Better , and therfore that which Abels blood said , was good : It is good that God should bee auenged of sinners , Execution of iustice vpon offenders , is no lesse good , then rewards of goodnes . No sooner doth Abels blood speake vnto God , then God speaks to Cain ; There is no wicked man to whom God speakes not , if not to his eare , yet to his heart : what speech was this ? Not an accusation , but an inquiry , yet such an enquiry as would infer an accusation , God loues to haue a sinner accuse himselfe , and therefore hath he set his deputy in the brest of man , neither doth God loue this , more then nature abhors it : Cain answers stubbornly : The very name of Abel wounds him no lesse , then his hand had wounded Abel : Consciences that are without remorse , are not without horror : wickednes makes men desperate ; the murderer is angry with God , as of late for accepting his brothers oblation , so now for listening to his blood . And now he dares answer God with a question , Am I my brothers keeper ? where he shold haue said , am not I my brothers murderer . Behold he scorneth to keep whom he feared not to kill , Good duties are base and troublesome to wicked minds , whiles euen violences of euill are pleasant , Yet this miscreant which neither had grace to auoid his sinne , nor to confesse it , now that he is conuinced of sinne , and cursed for it , how he howleth , how he exclaimeth ? Hee that cares not for the act of his sinne , shall care for the smart of his punishment . The damned are weary of their torments , but in vaine . How great a madnesse is it to complaine too late ; He that would not keepe his brother , is cast out from the protection of God ; he that feared not to kill his brother , feares now , that whosoeuer meets him will kill him . The troubled conscience proiecteth fearefull things , and sin makes euen cruell men cowardly : God saw it was too much fauour for him to dye : he therfore wils that which Cain wils ; Cain would liue ; It is yeelded him , but for a curse , how oft doth God heare sinners in anger ? Hee shall liue , banished from God , carying his hell in his bosome , and the brand of Gods vengeance in his forehead , God reiects him , the earth repines at him , men abhorre him ; himselfe now wishes that death which he feared , and no man dare pleasure him with a murder ; how bitter is the end of sin , yea without end ; still Cain finds that he killed himselfe more then his brother , wee should neuer sin if our foresight were but as good as our sence ; The issue of sin would appeare a thousand times more horrible , then the act is Pleasant . The Deluge . THe world was grown so foul with sin , that God saw it was time to wash it with a flood . And so close did wickednes cleaue to the authors of it , that when they were washt to nothing , yet it would not off , yea so deepe did it sticke in the very graine of the earth ; that God saw it meet to let it soke long vnder the waters . So vnder the Law , the very vessels that had touched vncleane water must either be rinced , or broken , Mankind began but with one , and yet he that saw the first man , liued to see the earth peopled with a world of men , yet men grew not so fast as wickednes , one man could soone and easily multiply a thousand sins , neuer man had so many children , so that when there were men enough to store the earth , there were as many sins as would reach vp to heauen , whereupon the waters came downe from heauen , and swelled vp to heauen againe , If there had not been so deepe a deluge of sin , there had beene none of the waters : From whence then was this superfluity of iniquity ? Whence , but from the vnequall yoke with Infidels ? These mariages did not beget men , so much as wickednesse ; from hence religious husbands both lost their piety , and gained a rebellious and godlesse generation . That which was the first occasion of sinne , was the occasion of the increase of sinne , A woman seduced Adam , women betray these sons of God , the beauty of the apple betrayd the woman , the beauty of these women betrayd this holy seed , Eue saw and lusted , so did they , this also was a forbidden fruit , they lusted , tasted , sinned , died ; the most sins begin at the eyes , by them commonly Satan creeps into the hart that soule can neuer bee in safety that hath not couenanted with his eyes . God needed not haue giuen these men any warning of his iudgement , They gaue him no warning of their sins , no respite : yet that God might approue his mercies to the very wicked ; hee giues them an hundred & twenty yeares respite of repenting , how loath is God to strike , that threats so long , hee that delights in reuenge , surprises his aduersary , whereas hee that giues long warnings desires to be preuented if we were not wilfull , we should neuer smart . Neither doth hee giue them time onely , but a faithful teacher . It is an happy thing when hee that teacheth others is righteous ; Noahs hand taught them as much as his tongue . His businesse in building the Arke was a reall sermon to the world , wherein at once were taught mercy and life to the beleuers ; and to the rebellious destruction . Mee thinks I see those monstrous sonnes of Lamech comming to Noah , and asking him , what he meanes by that strange worke ; whether hee meane to saile vpon the dry land . To whom when he reports Gods purpose , and his , they go away laughing at his idlenes , and tell one another , in sport , that too much holinesse hath made him mad : yet cannot they al flout Noah out of his faith , he preaches and builds and finishes . Doubtles more hands went to this work than his : many a one wrought vpon the Arke , which yet was not saued in the Arke . Our outward works cannot saue vs without our faith , wee may helpe to saue others , and perish our selues : what a wonder of mercy is this that I here see ? One poor family called out of a world , and as it were eight graines of corne fanned from a whole barne ful of chaffe : one hypocrite was saued with the rest , for Noahs sake , not one righteous man was swept away for companie ; For these few was the earth preserued still vnder the waters ; and all kinds of creatures vpon the waters ; which else had been all destroyed . Still the world stands , for their sakes , for whom it was preserued ; Else fire should consume that , which could not be cleansed by water . This difference is strange ; I see the sauagest of all creatures , lions tygers ; beares by an instinct from God come to seeke the Arke , ( as we see Swine foreseeing a storme , run home crying for shelter ; men I see not ; Reason once debauched is worse then brutishnesse : God hath vse even of these fierce and cruell beasts , and glorie by them , even they being created for man , must liue by him , though to his punishment : how greatly do they offer & submit themselues to their preseruer ; renewing that obeysance to this repairer of the world which , they before sin , yeelded to him that first stored the world : He that shut them into the Arke when they were entred , shut their mouths also while they did enter . The Lions faune vpon Noah , and Daniel ; What hart cannot the maker of them mollifie ? The vnclean beasts God would haue to liue , the cleane to multiplie ; and therefore hee sends to Noah seauen of the cleane , of the vncleane two : He knew the one would annoy man with their multitude , the other would inrich him ; Those things are worthie of most respect which are of most vse . But why seven ? Surely that God that created seuen daies in the week , and made one for himselfe ; did heere preserue of seuen cleane beasts , one for himselfe ; for Sacrifice : He giues vs sixe for one in earthly things , that in spirituall we should be all for him . Now the day is come , all the guests are entred , the Ark is shut , and the windowes of heauen opened : I doubt not but many of those scoffers , when they saw the violence of the waters descending , and ascending , according to Noahs prediction , came wading middle-deep vnto the Ark , and importunately craued that admittance , which they once denied . But now , as they formerly reiected God , so are they iustly reiected of God : Ere vengeance begin , repentance is seasonable ; but if iudgement bee once gone out , wee cry too late ; while the Gospell solicites vs , the doores of the Arke are open ; if wee neglect the time of grace , in vaine shal we seeke it with teares , God holds it no mercy to pitty the obstinate . Others more bolde then they , hope to ouer-runne the iudgement , and climbing vp to the hye mountaines looke downe vppon the waters , with more hope then feare : and now when they see their hils become Ilands , they climbe vp into the tallest trees there with palenes and horror at once looke for death , & study to auoid it , whom the waues ouertake at last halfe dead with famin and halfe with fear . Lo now from the tops of the mountaines they descrie the Ark floting vpon the waters , and beholde with enuy that which before they beheld with scorne . In vain doth he flie whom God pursues . There is no way to flie from his iudgements , but to flie to his mercy by repenting . The faith of the righteous cannot bee so much derided , as their successe is magnified : How securely doth Noah ride out this vprore of heauen , earth , and waters ? He heares the powring downe of the raine aboue his head , the shrieking of men , and roaring , and bellowing of beasts , on both sides him , the raging and threats of the waues vnder him , hee saw the miserable shifts of the distressed vnbeleeuers ; and in the meane time sits quietly in his drye Cabin , neither feeling nor fearing euill , he knew that he which owed the waters , would steere him , that hee who shut him in , would preserue him . How happy a thing is faith ? What a quiet safety , what an heauenly peace doth it worke in the soule , in the midst of all the inundations of euill ? Now when God had fetcht againe all the life which he had giuen to his vnworthy creatures , and reduced the world vnto his first forme wherein waters were ouer the face of the earth , it was time for a renouation of al things to succeed this destruction ; To haue continued this deluge long , had beene to punish Noah , that was righteous ; After fourty daies therefore , the heauens cleare vp , after 150. the waters sink downe : How soone is God weary of punishing , which is neuer weary of blessing ; yet may not the Arke rest suddenly , If we did not stay som-while vnder Gods hand we should not know how sweete his mercy is , and how great our thankfulnesse should bee , The Arke though it was Noahs sort against the waters , yet it was his prison , he was safe in it , but pent vp ; hee that gaue him life by it , now thinks time to giue him liberty out of it . God doth not reueale all things to his best seruants , beholde hee that tolde Noah 120. yeares before , what day he should go into the Arke , yet foretels him not now in the Arke what day the Arke should rest vpon the hils , and hee should goe forth ; Noah therfore sends out his intelligencers , the Rauen , and the Doue : whose wings in that vaporous ayre might easily descry further then his sight : The Rauen of quicke sent , of grosse ●eede , of tough constitution , no foule was so fit for discouery ; the likeliest things alwaies succeed not ; Hee neither will venter farre into that solitary world for feare of want , nor yet come into the Arke for loue of liberty ; but houers about in vncertainties . How many carnall minds flye out of the Arke of Gods Church ; and imbrace the present world : rather choosing to feed vpon the vnsauory carcasses of sinfull pleasures ; then to be restrained within the straite lists of Christian obedience . The Doue is sent forth , a foule , both swift and simple . She like a true citizen of the Arke , returnes ; and brings faithfull notice ; of the continuance of the waters by her restlesse and empty returne ; by her Oliue leafe , of the abatement : how woorthy are those messengers to be welcome , which with innocence in their liues , bring glad tidings of peace , and saluation in their mouthes ? Noah reioyces , and beleeues ; yet still hee waites seuen daies more : It is not good to deuoure the fauours of God too greedily ; but so take them in , that wee may digest them : oh strong faith of Noah that was not weary with this delay ; some man would haue so longed for the open ayre after so long closenes , that vpon the first notice of safety hee would haue vncouered , and voyded the Ark ; Noah stayes seuen daies ere hee will open ; and well neere two moneths ere hee will forsake the Arke ; and not then , vnlesse God that commanded to enter , had bidden him depart . There is no action good without faith : no faith without a word . Happy is that man which in all things ( neglecting the counsels of flesh & blood ) depends vpon the commission of his maker . FINIS . Contemplations . THE SECOND BOOKE . Noah . Babel . Abraham . Isaac sacrificed . Lot and Sodom . Imprinted at London by Melch. Bradwood for Samuel Macham , and are to be sold at his shop in Pauls Church-yard at the signe of the Bull-head-1612 . TO THE RIGHT Honourable the LORD STANHOPE one of his Maiesties most Honourable priuy Counsell , All grace and happinesse . RIGHT Honourable : I durst appeale to the iudgment of a carnall Reader ( let him not bee preiudicate ) that there is no history so pleasant as the sacred ; set aside the maiestie of the inditer ; none can compare with it , for the Magnificence and Antiquity of the matter , the sweetnesse of compiling , the strange variety of memorable occurrences : And if the delight bee such , what shal the profit be esteemed of that which was written by God for the saluation of men : I confesse no thoughts did euer more sweetly steale me and time away , then those which I haue employed in this subiect , and I hope none can equally benefit others , for if the meere relation of these holy things bee profitable , how much more when it is reduced to vse : This second part of the world repaired , I dedicate to your Lordship , wherein you shall see Noah as weake in his Tent , as strong in the Arke , an vngratious son reserued from the Deluge to his Fathers curse : modest piety rewarded with blessings , the building of Babell , begun in pride , ending in confusion . Abrahams faith , feare , obedience , Isaac bound vpon the Altar vnder the hand of a Father that hath forgotten both nature , and all his hopes ; Sodom burning with a double fire , from hell , and from heauen : Lot rescued from that impure Citie , yet after finding Sodom in his caue : Euery one of these passages is not more full of wonder , then of edification . That spirit which hath penned all these things for our learning , teach vs their right vse : and sanctifye these my vnworthy meditations to the good of his Church . To whose abundant grace I humbly commend your Lordship . Your Lordships vnfainedly deuoted in all due obseruance . Jos . Hall. THE SECOND BOOKE . Noah . NO sooner is NOAH come out of the Ark , but hee builds an Altar : not an house for himselfe , but an Altar to the Lord : Our faith will euer teach vs to preferre God to our selues ; delayed thankfulnesse is not woorthy of acceptation , Of those few creatures that are least , God must haue some ; they are all his , yet his goodnesse will haue man know , that it was he , for whose sake they were preserued ; It was a priuiledge to those very bruit creatures that they were saued from the waters , to be offered vp in fire vnto God ; what a fauour is it to men to bee reserued from common destructions , to be sacrificed to their maker , and redeemer . Lo this little fire of Noah , through the vertue of his faith , purged the world , and ascended vp into those heuens from which the waters fell , and caused a glorious raine-bow to appeare therin for his security : All the sins of the former world were not so vnsauory vnto God , as this smoke was pleasant . No perfume can bee so sweete as the holy obedience of the faithfull . Now God that was before annoyed with the ill sauor of sinne , smels a sweet sauor of rest : Behold heere a new and second rest : First God rested from making the world , now hee rests from destroying it : Euen while we cease not to offend , hee ceases from a publique reuenge . His worde was enough ; yet withall hee giues a signe ; which may speake the trueth of his promise to the very eies of men , thus he doth still in his blessed Sacraments , which are as reall words to the soule : The raine-bow is the pledge of our safety ; which euen naturally signifies the ende of a showre ; all the signes of Gods institution are proper , and fignificant . But who would looke after all this to haue found righteous Noah the Father of the new world , lying drunken in his tent ? Who could thinke that wine should ouerthrow him that was preserued from the waters ? That hee who could not bee tainted with the sinfull examples of the former world , should begin the example of a new sinne of his owne ? What are wee men , if wee bee but our selues ? While God vpholds vs , no temptation can moue vs , when he leaues vs , no temptation is too weake to ouerthrow vs ? What liuing man had euer so noble proofes of the mercy , of the iustice of God ? Mercy vpon himselfe , iustice vpon others : What man had so gratious approbation from his maker : behold hee of whom in an vncleane world God said . Thee onely haue I found righteous , proues now vncleane , when the world was purged : The preacher of righteousnesse vnto the former age , the King , Priest , and Prophet of the world renued is the first that renues the sins of that world which he had reprooued , and which he saw condemned for sinne : Gods best children haue no fence for sinnes of infirmitie : Which of the Saints haue not once done that , wherof they are ashamed ? God that lets vs fall knows how to make as good vse of the sins of his holy ones as of their obedience : If wee had not such patterns , who could choose but despaire at the sight of his sinnes ? Yet we find Noah drunken but once , one act can no more make a good heart vnrighteous , then a trade of sinne can stand with regeneration , but when I looke to the effect of this sin , I can not but blush and wonder ; Lo this sinne , is worse then sinne ; Other sinnes moue shame but hide it , this displayes it to the world , Adam had no sooner sinned , but he saw and abhord his owne nakednes , seeking to hide it euen with bushes . Noah had no sooner sinned , but hee discouers his nakednesse , & hath not so much rule o● himself , as to be ashamed , one houres drunkennes bewraies that which more then 600. years sobriety had modestly concealed ; he that giues himself to wine , is not his owne : what shall we thinke of this vice , which robs a man of himselfe , and layes a beast in his roome ? Noahs nakednes is seene in wine , it is no vnusuall quality in this excesse , to disclose secrets ; drunkennes doth both make imperfections , & shew those wee haue , to others eyes , so would God haue it , that we might be double asham'd , both of those weaknesses which we discouer , & of that weakenes which mooued vs to discouer . Noah is vncouered ; but in the midst of his owne tent : It had beene sinfull though no man had seene it : vnknowne sins haue their guilt and shame , and are iustly attended with knowne punishments . Vngratious Cham saw it and laughed , his Fathers shame should haue been his ; the deformity of those parts from which hee had his beeing ; should haue begotten in him a secret horror , and deiection , how many gracelesse men make sport at the causes of their humiliation . Twise had Noah giuen him life , yet neither the name of a Father , and preseruer , nor age , nor vertue could shield him from the contempt of his owne . I see that euen Gods Arke may nourish monsters ▪ some filthy toades may lie vnder the stones of the Temple , God preserues some men in iudgement , better had it beene for Cham to haue perished in the waters , then to liue vnto his Fathers curse . Not content to be a witnesse of this filthy sight ; he goes on to bee a proclaimer of it . Sinne doth ill in the eye but worse in the tongue : As all sin is a work of darkenes , so it should bee buried in darkenesse . The report of sin is oft-times as ill , as the commission ; for it can neuer bee blazoned without vncharitablenesse ; seldome without infection ; Oh the vnnaturall and more then Chammish impiety of those sons which reioyce to publish the nakednesse of their spirituall parents euen to their enemies . Yet it was well for Noah that Cham could tell it to none but his owne ; and those , gracious and dutifull sonnes . Our shame is the lesse if none know our faults but our friends . Behold how loue couereth sinnes , these good sonnes are so farre from going forward to see their fathers shame , that they goe backeward to hide it , The cloake is laide on both their shoulders , they both go back with quall paces , and dare not so much as looke backe lest they should vnwillingly see the cause of their shame , and will rather aduenture to stumble at their fathers body then to see his nakednesse : How did it greeue them to thinke that they which had so oft come to their holy father with reuerence must now in reuerence turn their backes vpon him ; and that they must now cloath him in pitty , which had so often clothed them in loue : And which addes more to their duty , they couered him , and saide nothing . This modest sorrow is their praise , and our example ; The sins of those wee loue and honor , we must heare of with indignation ; fearfully and vnwillingly beleeue , acknowledge with griefe and shame , hide with honest excuses , and bury in silence . How equal a regard is this both of piety and disobedience ? because C ham sinned against his Father , therfore he shall be plagued in his children ; Iapheth is dutifull to his Father , and finds it in his posterity . Because C ham was an ill sonne to his Father , therefore his sonnes shall be seruans to his brethren , because Iapheth set his shoulder to Sems , to beare the cloake of shame , therfore shall Iapheth dwel in the tents of Sem ; partaking with him in blessing , as in duty . When we doe but what wee ought ; yet God is thankefull to vs ; and rewards that which wee should sin if we did not : who could euer yet shew mee a man rebelliously vndutifull to his parents that hath prospered in himselfe , and his seed ? Babel . HOW soone are men and sins multiplied ? within one hundred yeeres the world is as full of both , as if there had beene no deluge . Though men could not but see the fearefull monuments of the ruine of their Ancestors , yet how quickly had they forgotten a floud ? Good Noah liued to see the world both populous , and wicked again . And doubtles oft-times repented to haue beene the preseruer of some whom hee saw to traduce the vices of the former world , to the renewed : It could not but grieue him to see the destroyed giants reuiue out of his own loyns , and to see them of his flesh and bloud tirannise ouer themselues . In his sight Nimrod casting off the awe of his holy grandfather , grew imperious and cruell , and made his owne kinsmen seruants . How easie a thing it is for a great spirit to bee the head of a faction ; when euen brethren will stoop to seruitude ; And now when men are combined together , euill and presumptuous motions finde incouragement in multitudes ; and each man takes a pride in seeming forwardest , wee are the cheerfuller in good when wee haue the assistance of company , much more in sinning , by how much we are more prone to euill then good . It was a proud word ( Come let vs build vs a citie and a towre whose top may reach to heauen . ) They were newly come down from the hils vnto the plains , and now thinke of raising vp an hill of building in the plaine , when their tents were pitched vpon the mountains of Armenia they were as neere to Heauen as their towre could make them ; but their ambition must needs aspire to an height of their owne raising . Pride is euer discontented ; and stil seeks matter of boasting in her owne workes . How fondly doe men reckon without God , Come let vs build ; As if there had beene no stop but in their own will : As if both earth and time had beene theirs : Still doe all naturall men build Babell ; forecasting their owne plots so resolutely , as if there were no power to countermand them : It is iust with God that peremptory determinations seldome prosper : Whereas those things which are fearefully and modestly vndertaken , commonly succeed . Let vs build vs a city , if they had taken God with them it had bin commendable , establishing of societies is pleasing to him that is the God of order : But a towre whose top may reach to Heauen , was a shameful arrogance , an impious presumption ; who would thinke that wee little Ants that creepe vpon this earth should thinke of climbing vp to heauen , by multiplying of earth ? Pride euer looks at highest , the first man would know as God , these would dwell as God ; couetousnesnesse and ambition know no limits . And what if they had reacht vp to heauen , some hils are as high as they could hope to be , and yet are no whit the better ; no place alters the condition of nature , an Angell is glorious , though hee bee vpon earth ; and man is but earth though he be aboue the clouds : The neerer they had beene to heauen the more subiect should they haue been to the violences of heauen ; to thunders , lightnings , and those other higher inflammations , what had beene but to thrust themselues into the hands of the reuenger of all wicked insolences ? God loues that heauen should bee lookt at , and affected with all humble desires , with the holy ambitions of faith , not with the proud imaginations of our owne atchieuements . But wherefore was all this ? Not that they loued so much to bee neighbours to heauen , as to be famous vpon earth ; It was not commodity that was heere sought , not safety , but glory : whither doth not thirst of fame cary men ? whether in good or euil : It makes them seek to climbe to heauen , it makes them not fear to run down headlong to hell : Euen in the best things desire of praise stands in competition with conscience , and brags to haue the more clients . One builds a Temple to Diana in hope of glory , intending it for one of the great wonders of the world ; another in hope of fame burnes it . Hee is a rare man that hath not some Babel of his owne , whereon he bestowes paines and cost , onely to be talked of . If they had done better things in a vain-glorious purpose ; their act had beene accursed ; if they had built houses to God , if they had giuen almes to men , if they had sacrificed , prayed , liued well ; the intent poisons the action ; but now both the act and the purpose are equally vain , and the issue is as vain as either . God hath a speciall indignation at pride aboue all sins , and wil crosse our endeuours not for that they are euil ( what hurt could be in laying one bricke vppon another ? ) but for that they are proudly vndertaken : Hee could haue hindered the laying of the first stone ; and might as easily haue made the trench for the foundation , the graue of the builders : But hee loues to see what wicked men would doe ; and to let fooles runne themselues out of breath ; what monument should they haue had of their own madnesse , and his powerfull interruption , if the walls had risen to no height ? To stop them then in the midst of their course , he meddles not with either their hands , or their feet , but their tongues ; not by pulling them out , not by loosing their strings , not by making them say nothing , but by teching them to say too much : Here is nothing varied but the sound of letters , euen this frustrates the work , and befooles the workmen : How easie is it for God tenne thousand waies to correct and forestall the greatest proiects of men ? Hee that taught Adam the first words , taught them words that neuer were . One cals for bricke , the other looks him in the face , and wonders what hee commands , and how and why he speaks such words , as were neuer heard , and in stead thereof brings him morter , returning him an answer as little vnderstood , ech chides with other , expressing his choler so , as hee onely can vnderstand himselfe : From heat they fall to quiet intreaties , but still with the same successe . At first euery man thinks his fellow mocks him , but now perceiuing this serious confusion their onely answere was silence , and ceasing ; they could not come together , for no man could call them to be vnderstood ; & if they had assembled nothing could be determined , because one could neuer attaine to the others purpose : No , they could not haue the honour of a generall dismission , but each man leaues his trowell and station more like a foole then hee vndertooke it , so commonly actions begun in glory , shut vp in shame . All externall actions depend vpon the tongue , No man can know others mind , if this bee not the interpreter ; hence as there were many toungs giuen to stay the building of Babel , so there were as many giuen to build the new Ierusalem , the Euangelicall Church . How deare hath Babel cost all the world ? At the first when there was but one language , men did spend their time in Arts ; ( so was it requisit at the first setling of the world , and so came early to perfection ) but now we stay so long ( of necessity ) vpon the shel of tongues , that we can hardly haue time to chew the sweet kernell of knowledge : Surely men would haue growne too proud if there had beene no Babel : It fals out oft-times that one sinne is a remedy of a greater . Diuision of tongues must needs slacken any worke : Multiplicitie of language had not bin giuen by the Holy ghost for a blessing to the Church , if the world had not beene before possessed with multiplicitie of languages , for a punishment : Hence it is that the building of our Sion rises no faster , because our tongues are diuided ; Happy were the Church of God if we al spake but one language : Whiles wee differ , wee can build nothing but Babel ; difference of tongues caused their Babel to cease , but it builds ours . Abraham . IT was fit that he which should be the father and pattern of the faithful shold be throughly tried for in a set copie euery fault is important , and may proue a rule of error : of ten trials which Abraham passed ; the last was the sorest : No sonne of Abraham can hope to escape temptations , while hee sees that bosome in which hee desires to rest , so assaulted with difficulties . Abraham must leaue his countrey and kinred , and liue among strangers ; The calling of God neuer leaues men , where it finds them , the earth is the Lords ; and all places are alike to the wise and faithfull : If Chaldea had not been grossely idolatrous ; Abraham had not left it ; no bond must tie vs to the danger of infection : But whether must he go ? To a place he knew not , to men that knew not him : it is enough comfort to a good man , wheresoeuer he is , that hee is acquainted with God , we are neuer out of our way while wee follow the calling of God. Neuer any man lost by his obedience to the highest : because Abraham yeelded , God giues him the possession of Canaan : I wonder more at his faith in taking this possession , then in leauing his owne ; Beholde Abraham takes possession for that seed which he had not ; which in nature hee was not like to haue ; of that land wherof hee should not haue one foot , wherein his seede should not bee setled of almost fiue hundred yeres after , the power of faith can preuent time ; and make future things present ; If wee be the true sonnes of Abraham we haue already ( while wee soiourne heere on earth ) the possession of our land of promise : while wee seeke our country , we haue it . Yet euen Canaan doth not affoord him bread , which yet hee must beleeue shall flow with milk and hony to his seede : sense must yeeld to faith , wo were vs , if wee must iudge of our future estate by the present , Aegypt giues releefe to Abraham , when Canaan cannot In outward things Gods enemies may fare better , then his friends : Thrise had Aegypt preserued the Church of God , in Abraham , in Iaacob , in Christ ; God oft-times makes vse of the world for the behoofe of his ; though without their thanks ; as contrarily , he vses the wicked for scourges to his own inheritance , and burns them ; because in his good they intended euill . But what a change is this ? Hitherto hath Sarah bene Abrahams wife , now AEpypt hath made her his sister ; feare hath turned him from an husband to a brother ; No strength of faith can exclude some doubtings : God hath said , I will make thee a great nation , Abraham saith , The Egyptians will kill me : He that liued by his faith , yet shrinketh , and sinneth . How vainely shall we hope to beleeue without al feare , and to liue without infirmities ? Some little aspersions of vnbeleefe cannot hinder the praise and power of faith ; Abraham beleeued , and it was imputed to him for righteousnesse ; Hee that through inconsideratenesse doubted twise of his owne life , doubts not of the life of his seed , euen from the dead and dry wombe of Sarah , yet was it more difficult that his posterity should Sarah , then that Sarahs husband should liue in AEgypt : This was aboue nature , yet he beleeues it ; Sometimes the beleeuer stickes at easie tryalls , and yet breakes through the greatest temptations without feare : Abraham was olde ere this promise and hope of a sonne ; and stil the older , the more vncapable ; yet God makes him wait twenty fiue yeares for performance , no time is long to faith which hath learned to differre hopes without fainting and irkesomnesse . Abraham heard this newes from the Angell , and laughed , Sarah heard it , and laughed ; they did not more agree in their desire , then differ in their affection ; Abraham laughed for ioy ; Sarah for distrust , Abraham laughed because he beleeued it would be so ; Sarah because she beleeued it could not be : the same act varies in the manner of doing , and the intention of the doer , yet Sarah laught but within her selfe and is bewraied : How God can find vs out in secret sins ; how easily did she now think , that he which could know of her inward laughter , could know of her conception , and now she that laughed and beleeued not , beleeueth and feareth . What a liuely patterne doe I see in Abraham & Sarah , of a strong faith and weake , of strong in Abraham and weake in Sarah : Shee to make God good of his worde to Abraham , knowing her owne barrennesse , substitutes an Hagar , and in an ambition of seed , perswades to Poligamy . Abraham had neuer looked to obtaine the promise by any other then a barren wombe , if his owne wife had not importunde him to take another : when our owne apparent meanes faile , weake faith is put to shifts ; and proiects strange deuises of her owne to attaine her end . She will rather conceiue by another wombe then bee childlesse : when she heares of an impossibility to nature , she doubreth , and yet hides her diffidence ; and when she must beleeue , feareth , because she did distrust : Abraham heares and beleeues and expects and reioyces ; he saith not , I am old and weake ; Sarah is olde and barren , where are the many nations that shall come from these withered loynes ? It is enough to him that God hath said it , he sees not the meanes , he sees the promise . He knew that God would rather raise him vp seede from the very stones that hee trod vpon , then himselfe should want a large and happy issue . There is no faith where there is neither meanes or hopes . Difficulties and impossibilities are the true obiects of beleefe : Hereupon God ads to his name that which he would fetch from his loynes , and made his name as ample as his posterity : neuer any man was a looser by beleeuing : Faith is euer recompensed with glory . Neither is Abraham content only to wait for God , but to smart for him ; God bids him cut his owne flesh ; he willingly sacrifices this parcell of his skin and blood , to him that was the owner of all : How glad he is to carry this painfull marke of the loue of his creator . How forward to seale this couenant with blood betwixt God and him , not regarding the sorenesse of his body in comparison of the confirmation of his soule ; The wound was not so grieuous as the signification was comfortable . For herein hee saw that from his loynes should come that blessed seed which should purge his soule from all corruption : well is that part of vs lost , which may giue assurance of the saluation of the whole ; our faith is not yet sound , if it haue not taught vs to neglect paine for God , and more to loue his Sacraments , then our owne flesh . Isaac sacrificed . BVt all these are but easie tasks of faith , all ages haue stood amazed at the next : Not knowing whether they should more wonder at Gods command , or Abrahams obedience , many yeeres had that good Patriarch waited for his Isaac ; now at last hee hath ioyfully receiued him , and that with this gratious acclamation . In Isaac shall thy seed bee called , and all nations blessed . Behold the son of his age , the son of his loue , the son of his expectation , hee that might not indure a mocke from his brother , must now indure the knife of his Father ; Take thine onely sonne Isaac whome thou louest and get thee to the land of Moriah and offer him there for a burnt offering . Neuer any gold was tried in so hot a fire . Who but Abraham would not haue expostulated with God ? What ? Doth the God of mercies now beginne to delight in blood ? Is it possible that murder should become pietie ? Or if thou wilt needes take pleasure in an humane sacrifice , is there none but Isaac fit for thine Altar , none but Abraham to offer him ? Shall these hands destroy the fruit of mine owne loines ? Can I not be faithfull vnlesse I be vnnaturall ? Or if I must needes be the monster of all parents , will not Ismael yet bee accepted ? O God where is thy mercie , where is thy iustice ? Hast thou giuen me but one only sonne , and must I now slay him ? Why did I wait so long for him ? Why didst thou giue him me ? Why didst thou promise mee a blessing in him ? What will the heathen say when they shall heare of this infamous massacre ? How can thy name , and my profession escape a perpetuall blasphemie ? With what face shall I looke vpon my wife Sarah , whose sonne I haue murdered ▪ How shall shee intertaine the executioner of Isaac ? Or who will beleeue that I did this from thee ? How shall not all the world spit at his holy cruelty , and say there goes the man that cut the throat of his owne son . Yet if hee were an vngratious or rebellious child , his deserts might giue some colour to this violence , but to lay hands on so deare , so dutifull , so hopefull a sonne , is vncapable of all pretences . But grant that thou which art the God of nature maist either alter or neglect it , what shall I say to the truth of thy promises ? Can thy iustice admit contradictions ; can thy decrees be changeable , canst thou promise & disappoint ? Can these two stand together , Isaac shall liue to bee the father of nations ; and Isaac shall now dye by the hand of his Father ? when Isaac is once gone where is my seed , where is my blessing ? O God if thy commands and purposes be capable of alteration , alter this bloody sentence , and let thy first word stand . These would haue beene the thoughts of a weake heart , But God knew that he spake to an Abraham , and Abraham knew that he had to doe with a God : Faith had taught him not to argue , but obey ; In an holy wilfulnesse hee either forgets nature , or despises her , hee is sure that what God commands is good , that what he promises , is infallible , and therefore is carelesse of the means , and trusts to the end . In matters of God , whosoeuer consults with flesh and blood shall neuer offer vp his Isaac , to God , there needs no counsellor when we know God is the commander ; here is neither grudging nor deliberating , nor delaying : His faith would not suffer him so much as to be sorry for that hee must do . Sarah her selfe may not know of Gods charge , and her husbands purpose , lest her affection should haue ouercome her faith ; lest her weakenesse now grown importunat , should haue said , Disobey God any die . That which he must do , he will do , he that hath learned not to regarde the life of his son , had lerned not to regard the sorrow of his wise . It is too much tendernesse to respect the censures and constructions of others , when we haue a direct word from God. The good Patriarch rises early , and addresses himselfe to his sad iourney . And now must he trauell three whole daies to do this execution , and stil must Isaac be in his eye , whom all this while hee seemes to see bleeding vppon the pile of wood , which he carries ; there is nothing so miserable as to dwell vnder the expectation of a great euill ; That misery which must be , is mitigated with speed , and aggrauated with delay : All this while if Abraham had repented him , hee had leisure to returne . There is no small triall , euen in the very time of tryall : now when they are come within sight of the chosen mountaine , the seruants are dismissed , what a deuotion is this that will abide no witnesses , hee will not suffer two of his owne vassals to see him do that , which soon after al the world must know he hath done , yet is not Abraham afraid of that piety , which the beholders could not see without horror , without resistance , which no eare could heare of without abhomination . What stranger could haue indured to see the father carry the knife and fire , instruments of that death , which he had rather suffer then inflict ? The son securely carrying that burden which must carry him . But if Abrahams hart could haue knowne how to relent , that question of his deere , innocent and religious son had melted it into compassion , My father , behold the fire and the wood , but where is the sacrifice ? I know not whether that word , My Father , did not strike Abraham as deep , as the knife of Abraham could strike his son : yet doth he not so much as thinke , ( O miserable man that may not at once bee a sonne to such a God , and a father to such a sonne : ) Still he persists , and conceales , and where he meant not , prophesies , My sonne , God shall prouide a lamb for the burnt offering : The heauy tidings was loath to come foorth , It was a death to Abraham to say what he must doe : Hee knows his owne faith to act this , he knows not Isaacs to indure it , But now when Isaac hath helped to build the Altar , whereon he must be consumed ; hee heares ( not without astonishment ) the strange command of God , the finall will of his Father : My sonne thou art the lambe which God hath prouided for this burnt offering ; If my blood would haue excused thee , how many thousand times had I rather to giue thee my own life , then take thine Alas I am full of daies , and now of long liued not but in thee ; Thou mightest haue preserued the life of thy father and haue comforted his death , but the God of vs both hath chosen thee ; Hee that gaue thee vnto mee miraculously , bids me by an vnusuall meanes to returne thee vnto him . I neede not tell thee , that I sacrifice all my worldly ioyes , yea and my selfe in thee , but God must bee obeyed ; neither art thou too deere for him that calls thee : come on my son , restore the life that God hath giuen thee by mee : offer thy selfe willingly to those flames , send vp thy soule cheerefully vnto thy glorie ; and know that God loues thee aboue others , since hee requires thee alone to be consecrated in sacrifice to himselfe . Who cannot imagine with what perplexed mixtures of passions , with what changes of countenance , what doubts , what fears , what amazement good Isaac receiued this sudden message from the mouth of his Father , how hee questioned , how he pleaded ; but when hee had somwhat digested his thoughts , and considered that the Author was God , the actor Abraham , the action a sacrifice , he now approoues himselfe the son of Abraham ; now hee incourages the trembling hands of his Father ; with whom he striues in this praise of forwardnes , and obedience ; now he offers his hands and feet to the cords , his throat to the knife , his body to the altar ; and growing ambitious of the sword and fire , intreates his father to do that , which he would haue done though hee had disswaded him ; O holy emulation of faith ! O blessed agreement of the sacrificer , and oblation : Abraham is as ready to take , as Isaac to giue , He binds those deare hands which are more straitly bound with the cords of duty , and resolution ; hee laies his sacrifice vpon the wood , which now before hand burnt inwardly with the heauenly fire of zeale and deuotion . And now hauing kissed him his last , not without mutual tears , hee lifts vp his hand to fetch the stroke of death at once ; not so much as thinking , perhaps God will relent after the first wound ; Now the stay of Abraham , the hope of the Church lies on bleeding vnder the hand of a Father , what bowells can choose but yearne at this spectacle ; which of the sauagest heathens that had beene now vpon the hill of Moriah , and had seene through the bushes the sword of a father hanging ouer the throat of such a son would not haue beene more perplexed in his thoughts , then that vnexpected sacrifice was in those briers : yet hee whom it neerest concerned , is least touched , Faith hath wrought the same in him , which cruelty would in others , not to be moued ; Hee contemns all feares , and ouerlooks all impossibilities ; His heart tells him that the same hand which raised Isaac from the dead womb of Sarah , can raise him again from the ashes of his sacrifice : with this confidence was the hand of Abraham now falling vppon the throat of Isaac who had giuen himselfe for dead , and reioyced in the change ; when suddenly the Angel of God interrupts him , forbids him , commends him . The voice of God was neuer so welcome , neuer so sweet , neuer so seasonable as now : It was the triall that God intended , not the fact ; Isaac is sacrificed , and is yet aliue , and now both of them are more happy in that they would haue done , then they could haue beene distressed if they had done it . Gods charges are oft times harsh in the beginnings , and proceeding , but in the conclusion alwaies comfortable : True spirituall comforts are commonly late and sudden : God differr's on purpose that our trials may bee perfect , our deliuerance welcome , our recompence glorious : Isaac had neuer beene so pretious to his father if he had not beene recouered from death ; if he had not beene as miraculously restored as giuen : Abraham had neuer bin so blessed in his seed , if hee had not neglected Isaac for God. The only way to find comfort in any earthly thing is to surrender it ( in a faithfull carelesnesse ) into the hands of God : Abraham came to sacrifice , he may not goe away with drye hands : God cannot abide that good purposes should be frustrate : lest either he should do that , for which he came or should want meanes of speedy thankesgiuing for so gratious a appointment . Beholde a Ram stands ready for the sacrifice , and as it were , proffers himselfe to this happy exchange . Hee that made that beast , brings him thither , fastens him there : Euen in small things there is a great prouidence what misteries there are in euery act of God ? The onely sonne of God vpon this very hill , is laid vpon the altar of the crosse ; and so becomes a true sacrifice for the world , that yet hee is raised without impeachment , and exempted from the power of death : The Lambe of God which takes the sinnes of the world is heere really offered , and accepted : One Sauiour in two figures ; in the one , dying ; restored in the other . So Abraham whiles hee exercises his faith , confirmes it ; and reioyces more to foresee the true Isaac in that place offered to death for his sinnes , then to see the carnal Isaac preserued from death for the reward of his faith . Whatsoeuer is dearest to vs vpon earth is our Isaac ; happy are wee if we can sacrifice it to God ; those shall neuer rest with Abraham that cannot sacrifice with Abraham . Lot and Sodome . BEfore Abraham and Lot grewe riche , they dwelt together ; now their wealth separates them ; Their society was a greater good then their riches : Many a one is a looser by his wealth ; Who would account those things good which make vs worse ? It had bin the duty of yong Lot to offer rather then to choose ; to yeeld rather then contend : who would not heere thinke Abraham the nephew ; and Lot the vncle ? It is no disparagement for greater persons to beginne treaties of peace . Better doth it beseeme euery son of Abraham to win with loue , then to sway with power . Abraham yeelds ouer this right of his choice ; Lot takes it , And behold Lot is crossed in that which hee chose , Abraham is blessed in that which was left him , God neuer suffers any man to leese by an humble remission of his right in a desire of peace . Wealth hath made Lot not only vndutifull , but couetous , hee sees the goodly plains of Iordan , the richnesse of the soyle , the commodity of the riuers , the situation of the cities , and now not once inquiring into the conditions of the inhabitants , hee is in loue with Sodome : Outward appearances are deceitfull guides to our iudgment , or affections : they are worthie to bee deceiued that value things as they seeme : It is not long after that Lot paies deere for his rashnesse . He fled for quietnesse with his vncle and fiends warre with strangers : Now is hee carried prisoner with all his substance by great enemies ; Abraham must rescue him , of whom hee was forsaken . That wealth which was the cause of his former quarrels , is made a pray to mercilesse heathens . That place which his eye couetously chose betraies his life and goods . How many Christians whiles they haue looked at gaine , haue lost themselues ? Yet this ill successe hath neither driuen out Lot , nor amended Sodome ; he still loues his commodity , and the Sodomites their sins wicked men grow worse with afflictions , as water grows more cold after an heate : And as they leaue not sinning , so God leaues not plaguing them , but still followes them with succession of iudgements : In how few yeares hath Sodome forgot she was spoiled , and led captiue ? If that wicked city had beene warned by the sword , it had escaped the fire ; but now this visitation had not made ten good men in those fiue cities : How fit was this heape for the fire , which was all chaffe ? Onely Lot vexed his righteous soul with the sight of their vncleannesse ; He vexed his owne soule , for who bad him stay there ? yet because he was vexed , he is deliuered . He escapeth their iudgment , for whose sinnes hee escaped . Though hee would be a guest of Sodome , yet because hee would not entertaine their sinnes , hee becomes an host to the Angels : Euen the good Angels are the executioners of Gods iudgement : There cannot bee a better or more noble act then to do iustice vpon obstinate malefactors . Who can be ashamed of that which did not mis-beseem the very Angels of God ? Where should the Angels lodge but with Lot , the houses of holy men are full of these heauenly spirits , when they know not , they pitch their tents in ours , and visit vs when wee see not , and when we feele not , protect vs ; It is the honour of Gods Saints to be attended by Angels : The filthy Sodomites now flocke together , stirred vp with the fury of Enuie , and lust , and dare require to doe that in troups which to act single , had beene too abhominable , to imagine , vnnaturall . Continuance and society in euill makes wicked men outragious and impudent : It is not enough for Lot to be the witnesse ; but hee must bee the baud also . ( Bring forth these men that wee may know them . Beholde euen the Sodomites speake modestly ; though their acts and intents bee villanous . What a shame it is for those which professe impurity of heart , to speake filthily ? The good man craues and pleades the lawes of hospitality ; and when hee sees headstrong purposes of mischiefe chooses rather to be an ill father ; then an ill host : His intention was good , but his offer was faulty ; If through his allowance the Sodomites had defiled his daughters ; it had beene his sinne ; If through violence they had defiled his guests ; it had beene onely theirs : There can be no warrant for vs to sinne , lest others should sinne : It is for God to preuent sinnes with iudgement , it is not for men to preuent a greater sinne with a lesse : the best minds when they are troubled ; yeeld inconsiderate motions , as water that is violently stirred ; sends vp bubbles : God meant better to Lot then to suffer his weake offer to bee accepted : Those which are bent vpon villanie are more exasperated by disswasion ; as some strong streames when they are resisted by flood-gates , swell ouer the bankes . Many a one is hardened by the good word of God ; and in steed of receiuing the counsell , rages at the messenger : When men are growne to that passe , that they are no whit better by afflictions , and woorse with admonitions , God finds it time to strike ; Now Lots guests begin to shew themselues Angels , and first deliuer Lot in Sodome , then from Sodom : First strike them with blindnesse , whom they will after consume with fire : How little did the Sodomites thinke that vengeance was so neere them , while they went groping in the streets , and cursing those whom they could not finde , Lot with the Angels is in secure light , and sees them miserable , and foresees them burning . It is the vse of God to blind and besot those whom he means to destroy : The light which they shall see shall be fiery , which shall be the beginning of an euerlasting darknesse , and a fire vnquenchable : Now they haue done sinning and God begins to iudge : Wickednesse hath but a time , the punishment of wickednes is beyond all time . The residue of the night was both short and dangerous . Yet good Lot , though sought for by the Sodomites , and newly puld into his house by the Angels goes forth of his house to seek his sons in law : No good man would bee saued alone ; faith makes vs charitable with neglect of all perill : Hee warnes them like a Prophet , and aduises them like a Father , but both in vaine , he seemes to them as if he mocked , and they doe more then seeme to mocke him again . Why should to morrow differ from other daies ? Who euer saw it raine fire ? Or whence should that brimstone come ? Or if such showers must fall , how shall nothing burne but this valley ? So to carnall men preaching is foolishnesse , deuotion idlenes , the Prophets mad men ; Paul a babler : These mens incredulity is as woorthy of the fire , as the others vncleannesse . Hee that beleeues not is condemned alreadie . The messengers of God do not onely hasten Lot , but pull him by a gratious violence out of that impure citie . They thirsted at once after vengeance vpon Sodom and Lots safetie ; they knew God could not strike Sodome , till Lot were gone out , and that Lot could not be safe within those wals . We are all naturally in Sodome , if God did not hale vs out , whiles we linger wee should bee condemned with the world . If God meet with a very good field , hee puls vp the weeds , and lets the corne grow , if indifferent , hee lets the corne and weeds grow together ; if very ill , hee gathers the few eares of corne , and burns the weeds . Oh the large bounty of God which reacheth not to vs onelie , but to ours : God saues Lot for Abrahams sake , and Zoar for Lots sake ; If Sodome had not beene too wicked , it had escaped : Were it not for Gods deere children that are intermixed with the world it could not stand : The wicked owe their liues vnto these few good ; whom they hate and persecute . Now at once the Sunne rises vpon Zoar , and fire falls down vpon Sodome : Abraham stands vpon the hill and sees the cities burning ; It is faire weather with Gods children , when it is foulest with the wicked . Those which burned with the fire of lust , are now consumed with the fire of vengeance They sinned against nature , and now against the course of nature ; fire descends from Heauen and consumes them : Lot may not so much as looke at the flame , whether for the stay of his passage , or the horror of the sight , or triall of his faith ; or feare of commiseration . Small precepts from God are of importance , obedience is as well tried , and disobedience as wel punished in little , as in much : His wife doth but turne back her head , whether in curiosity , or vnbeleefe , or loue , and compassion of the place ; shee is turned into a monument of disobedience ; what doth it auaile her not to bee turned into ashes in Sodom , when she is turned into a piller of salt in the playne ? He that saued a whole citie cannot saue his own wife . God cannot abide smal sinnes , in those whom he hath obliged . If we displease him , God can as well meet with vs out of Sodome : Lot now come into Zoar maruels at the stay of her , whom hee might not before looke backe to call ; & soon after returning to seeke her beholds this change with wonder and griefe : He finds salt in steede of flesh , a piller in steed of a wife ; he finds Sodome consumed , and her standing , and is more amazed with this , by how much it was both more neere him , and lesse expected . When God deliuers vs from destruction , hee doth not secure vs from all a●flictions : Lot hath lost his wife , his allies , his substance , and now betakes himselfe to an vncomfortable solitarinesse . Yet though he fled from company , he could not flye from sin : Hee who could not bee tainted with vncleannesse in Sodome , is ouertaken with drunkennesse and incest in a caue : Rather then Satan shal not want baits his own daughters will proue Sodomites ; Those which should haue comforted , betraied him : How little are some hearts mooued with iudgements ? The ashes of Sodome and the piller of salt were not yet out of their eye when they dare thinke of lying with their owne Father . They knew that whilest Lot was sober hee could not bee vnchast : Drunkennesse is the way to all bestiall affections , and acts . Wine knows no difference either of persons or sinnes : No doubt Lot was afterwards ashamed of his incestuous seed , and now wished hee had come alone out of Sodome ; yet euen this vnnaturall bed was blessed with increase ; and one of our Sauiours worthy Ancestors sprung after from this line . Gods election is not tied to our meanes ; neither are blessings or curses euer traduced ; The chast bedde of holy parents hath oft times bred a monstrous generation ; and contrarily God hath raised sometimes an holy seed from the drunken bed of incest , or fornication ; It hath beene seene that weighty eares of corne haue growne , out of the compasse of the tilled field : Thus will God magnifie the freedom of his owne choice : and let vs know that wee are not borne , but made good . FINIS . Contemplations . THE THIRD BOOKE . Iacob and Esau . Iacob and Laban . Dinah . Iudah and Thamar . Ioseph . Imprinted at London by Melch. Bradwood for Samuel Macham , and are to be sold at his shop in Pauls Church-yard at the signe of the Bull-head . 1612. TO THE RIGHT Honourable , the LORD DENNY Baron of Waltham my singular good Patron : All grace and happinesse . RIGHT Honourable , I know , and in all humility confesse , how weake my discourse is , and how vnworthy of this diuine subiect which I haue vndertaken , which if an Angell from heauen should say he could sufficiently comment vpon , I should distrust him . Yet this let mee say , ( without any vaine boasting ) that these thoughts ( such as they are ) through the blessing of God , I haue wouen out of my selfe , as holding it ( after our Sauiours rule ) better to giue then to receiue . It is easier to heape together large volumes of others labours , then to worke out lesser of our owne , and the suggestion of one new thought is better then many repeated . This part ( which together with the Author is yours ) shall present to your Lordship , the busiest of all the Patriarchs , together with his trialls , and successe : wherein you shall see Esau stripped by fraud , of that which hee willingly sold , Iacobs hard aduentures for the blessing , and no lesse hard seruices for his wiues and substance , his dangerous encounters ending ioyfully , the rape of his onely daughter seconded with the trecherous murder of his sons , Iudahs wrong to Thamar repayd by his owne vncleannesse : Iosephs sale , imprisonment , honour , piety ; The sinne of his brethren well bestowed , well answered . I so touch at the vses of all these , as one that know , it is easie to say more , and impossible to say enough . God giue a blessing to my endeuours , and a pardon to my weakenesses ; to your Lordship , an increase of his graces , and perfection of all happinesse . Your Lordships humbly and officiously deuoted in all duty . IOS . HALL . THE THIRD BOOKE . Jacob and Esau . OF all the Patriarkes none made so little noyse in the world as Isaac ; none liued either so priuately , or so innocently : Neither know I whether hee approued himselfe a better son or an husband . For the one ; He gaue himselfe ouer to the knife of his Father , and mourned three yeeres for his mother ; for the other hee sought not to any handmaids bed , but in a chast forbearance reserued himselfe for twenty yeares space , and praied . Rebecca was so long barren , his praiers prooued more effectuall then his seed . At last shee conceiued , as if shee had beene more then the daughter in law to Sarah ; whose sonne was giuen her , not out of the power of nature , but of her Husbands faith ; God is oft better to vs then we would : Isaac praies for a son ; God giues him two at once : Now , shee is no lesse troubled with the strife of the children in her womb , then before with the want of children : wee know not when we are pleased ; that which wee desire , oft-times discontents vs more in the fruition ; wee are ready to complaine both full and fasting . Before Rebecca conceiued shee was at ease : Before spirituall regeneration there is all peace in the soule : No sooner is the new man formed in vs , but the flesh conflicts with the spirit : There is no grace where is no vnquietnes : Esau alone would not haue striuen , nature will euer agree with it selfe ; Neuer any Rebecca conceiued only an Esau ; or was so happy as to conceiue none but a Iacob ; She must be the mother of both , that shee may haue both ioy and exercise . This strife began early ; Euery true Israelite begins his warre with his beeing . How many actions which wee know not of , are not without presage and signification ? These two were the champions of two nations , the field was their mothers womb , their quarrell , precedency and superiority : Esau got the right of nature ; Iacob of grace : yet that there might be some pretence of equality , lest Esau should out-run his brother into the world , Iacob holds him fast by the heele : So his hand was borne before the others foote : But because Esau is some minutes the elder , that the yonger might haue better claime to that which God had promised he buyes that , which he could not winne : If either by strife , or purchase , or suit , we can attaine spirituall blessings wee are happy : If Iaacob had come forth first , he had not knowne how much hee was bound to God for the fauour of his aduancement . There was neuer any meate except the forbidden fruit so deare bought , as this broth of Iaacob ; In both , the receiuer and the eater is accursed : Euery true sonne of Israell will bee content to purchase spirituall fauours with earthly ; And that man hath in him too much of the blood of Esau , which will not rather dye then forgoe his birth-right . But what hath carelesse Esau lost , if hauing sold his birth-right , he may obtain the blessing ? Or what hath Iaacob gained , if his brothers venison may counteruaile his pottage ? Yet thus hath old Isaac decreed ; who was now not more blind in his eyes , then in his affections : God had forewarned him that the elder should serue the younger , yet Isaac goes about to blesse Esau . It was not so hard for Abraham to reconcile Gods promise and Isaacs sacrifice , as for Isaac to reconcile the superiority of Iacob , with Esaus benediction : for Gods hand was in that , in this none but his owne : The deerest of Gods saints haue beene sometimes transported with naturall affections : He saw himselfe preferred to Ismael , though the elder ; hee saw his father wilfully forgetting nature at Gods commaund , in binding him for sacrifice ; He saw Esau lewdly matched with Heathens ; and yet hee will remember nothing , but Esau is my first borne ; But how gracious is God ; that when we would , will not let vs sinne ? And so orders our actions , that we do not what we will , but what we ought ; That God which had ordained the Lordship to the yonger , will also contriue for him the blessing ; what he will haue effected , shall not want meanes : the mother shall rather defeate the son , and beguile the Father , then the Father shall beguile the chosen son of his blessing : what was Iacob to Rebecca more then Esau ? or what mother doth not more affect the elder ? But now God inclines the loue of the mother to the yonger against the custom of nature , because the father loues the elder , against the promise : The affections of the parents are diuided , that the promise might bee fulfilled ; Rebeccaes craft shall answer Isaacs partiality : Isaac wold vniustly turne Esau into Iacob , Rebecca doth as cunningly turne Iacob into Esau : her desire was good , her meanes were vnlawfull ; God doth oft times effect his iust will by our weakenesses ; yet neither therby iustifying our infirmities ; nor blemishing his own actions . Heere was nothing but countersaiting a fained person , a fained name , fained venison , a fained answer , & yet behold a true blessing but to the man , not to the means : Those were so vnsound , that Iacob himself doth more fear their curse then hope for their successe : Isaac was now both simple and olde , yet if he had perceiued the fraud , Iacob had beene more sure of a curse , then he could be sure , that he should not be perceiued ; those which are plaine harted in themselues , are the bitterest enemies to deceipt in others : Rebecca presuming vpon the Oracle of God , and her husbands simplicity , dare bee his surety for the danger , his counseller for the carriage of the busines , his cook for the diet , yea dresses both the meate and the man : and now puts words into his mouth , the dish into his hand the garments vpon his backe , the goates haire vpon the open parts of his body , and sends him in thus furnished for the blessing : Standing no doubt at the dore , to see how well her lesson was learned , how well her deuise succeeded . And if olde Isaac should by any of his senses haue discerned the guile ; she had soone stept in , and vndertaken the blame , and vrged him with that known will of God concerning Iacobs dominion , and Esaus seruitude , which either age or affection had made him forget . And now she wishes shee could borrow Esaus tongue as well as his garments , that shee might securely deceiue all the senses of him , which had suffered himselfe more dangerously deceiued with his affection : But this is past her remedy : her son must name himself Esau with the voice of Iacob . It is hard if our tongue doe not bewray what we are , in spight of our habit . This was enough to worke Isaac to a suspition , to an inquiry , not to an incredulity : He that is good of himselfe will hardly beleeue euill of another : And will rather distrust his owne senses , then the fidelity of those he trusted : All the senses are set to examine ; none sticketh at the iudgement but the eare ; To deceiue that , Iacob must second his dissimulation with three lyes at one breath : I am Esau , as thou badst me , my venison : one sin intertained fetcheth in another , and if it be forced to lodge alone , either departeth , or dyeth : I loue Iacobs blessing , but I hate his lye , I would not doe that wilfully , which Iacob did weakely , vppon condition of a blessing : Hee that pardoned his infirmity , would curse my obstinatenesse . Good Isaac sets his hands to trie whether his eares informed him aright ; he feeles the hands of him whose voice hee suspected : that honest heart could not thinke that the skin might more easily be counterfaited , then the lungs : A small satisfaction contents those whom guiltines hath not made scrupulous : Isaac beleeues , and blesses the yoonger son in the garments of the elder : If our heauenly Father smell vpon our backes the sauor of our elder brothers robes , wee cannot depart from him vnblessed : No sooner is Iacob gone away ful of the ioy of his blessing then Esau comes in , full of the hope of the blessing : And now he cannot repent him to haue solde that in his hunger for pottage ; which in his pleasure he shal buy againe with venison : The hopes of the wicked faile them when they are at highest , whereas Gods children find those comforts in extremity which they durst not expect . Now hee comes in blowing , and sweating for his reward , and finds nothing but a repulse : Leud men when they think they haue earned of God ; and come proudly to challenge fauour , receiue no answere but who art thou ? Both the Father and the Sonne wonder at each other , the one with feare , the other with griefe ; Isaac trembled , and Esau wept ; the one vpon conscience , the other vpon enuye : Isaacs hart now told him that he should not haue purposed the blessing where he did ; and that it was due to him vnto whom it was giuen , and not purposed ; hence he durst not reuerse that which hee had done , with Gods will , besides his own : For now he saw that he had done vnwilling iustice : God will finde both time and meanes to reclaim his owne , to preuent their sins , to manifest and reforme their errors who would haue looked for tears from Esau ? Or who dare trust tears , when he sees them fal from so gracelesse eyes ? It was a good word , Blesse mee also my father ; Euery miscreant can wish himselfe well : No man would be miserable if it were enough to desire happinesse : Why did he not rather weep to his brother , for the pottage , then to Isaac for a blessing , If hee had not then solde , hee had not needed now to begge : It is iust with God to deny vs those fauours which wee were carelesse in keeping , and which wee vnder valewed in inioying ; Esaus eares find no place for Isaacs repentance ; Except it were that he hath done that by wile , which hee should haue done vpon duty . No motiue can cause a good heart to repent that he hath done wel ; how happy a thing it is to know the seasons of grace , and not to neglect them ; how desperate to haue known & neglected them , these teares were both late and false ; the teares of rage , of enuy , of carnall desire ; worldly sorrow causeth death : yet whiles Esau howles out thus for a blessing , I hear him cry out of his fathers store ( Hast thou but one blessing my father ) of his brothers subtlety ( was hee not rightly called Iacob ? ) I do not hear him blame his owne deserts ; He did not see , while his Father was deceiued , and his brother crafty , that God was iust , and himselfe vncapable , hee knew himselfe prophane , and yet claimes a blessing . Those that care not to please God , yet care for the outward fauours of God , and are ready to murmur if they want them , as if God were bound to them , and they free . And yet so mercifull is God , that hee hath second blessings for those that loue him not , and giues them all they care for . That one blessing of speciall loue is for none but Israell ; but those of common kindnes are for them that can sell their birth-right : This blessing was more then Esau could be worthy of , yet like a second Cain , hee resolues to kill his brother , because he was more accepted , I know not whether hee were a worse son , or brother ; He hopes for his fathers death , and purposes his brothers ; and vowes to shed blood in steed of teares . But wicked men cannot bee so ill as they would ; that strong wrestler against whom Iacob preuailed , preuailed with Esau , and turned his wounds into kisses ; an host of men came with Esau ; an army of Angels met Iacob , Esau threatned , Iacob prayed , His prayers , and presents haue melted the heart of Esau into loue . And now in steed of the grimme and sterne countenance of an executioner , Iacob sees the face of Esau , as the face of God. Both men and diuels are stinted , the stoutest heart cannot stand out against God , Hee that can wrestle earnestly with God , is secure from the harmes of men . Those minds which are exasperated with violence , and cannot be broken with fear , yet are bowed with loue ; when the waies of a man please God , hee will make his enemies at peace with him . Jacob and Laban . ISAACS life was not more retyred and quiet , then Iacobs was busie and troublesom . In the one I see the image of contemplation , of action in the other . None of the Patriarchs saw so euill daies as he ; from whom iustly hath the Church of God therefore taken her name . Neither were the faithfull euer since called Abrahamites , but Israelites : that no time might be lost , hee began his strife in the womb ; after that , hee flies for his life from a cruel brother to a cruell vncle . With a staffe goes hee ouer Iorden alone ; doubtfull and comfortlesse , not like the sonne of Isaac . In the way the earth is his bed , and the stone his pillow ; Yet euen there he sees a vision of Angels : Iacobs heart was neuer so full of ioy , as when his head lay hardest . God is most present with vs in our greatest deiection , and loues to giue comfort to those that are forsaken of their hopes . He came farre to finde out an hard friend ; and of a nephew becomes a seruant . No doubt when Laban heard of his sisters son , hee looked for the Camels and attendance that came to fetch his sister Rebecca , not thinking that Abrahams seruant could come better furnished , then Isaacs son ; but now when he saw nothing but a staffe he lookes vpon him not as an vncle , but a maister . And while hee pretends to offer him a wife as the reward of his seruice , he craftily requires his seruice as the dowry of his wife . After the seruice of an hard apprentiseship hath earned her whom he loued ; his wife is changed , and hee is , in a sort , forced to an vnwilling adultery : His mother had before in a cunning disguise substituted him , who was the yonger son , for the elder ; and now not long after his father in law , by a like fraud , substitutes to him the elder daughter for the yonger : God comes oftentimes home to vs in our own kind ; and euen by the sinne of others paies vs our owne , when wee looke not for it . It is doubtfull whether it were a greater crosse to marry whom he would not , or to be disappointed of her whom he desired . And now hee must begin a new hope , where hee made account of fruition ; To raise vp an expectation once frustrate , is more difficult , then to continue a long hope drawn on with likelihoods of performance : yet thus deere is Iacob content to pay for Rachel , fourteene yeers seruitude : Commonly Gods children come not easily by their pleasures : what miseries will not loue digest and ouercome ? And if Iacob were willingly consumed with heat in the day , with frost in the night to become the sonne in law to Laban : What should wee refuse to bee the sonnes of God ? Rachel whom he loued is barren Lea which was despised , is fruitfull ; How wisely God weighs out to vs our fauours and crosses in an equall ballance ; so tempering our sorrowes that they may not oppresse , and our ioyes that they may not transport vs : each one hath some matter of enuye to others , and of griefe to himselfe . Lea enuies Rachels beauty , and loue ; Rachel enuies Leahs fruitfulnesse : Yet Lea would not be barren , nor Rachel bleare eyed . I see in Rachel the image of her grandmother Sara ; both in her beauty of person , in her actions , in her successe : shee also will needs suborne her handmaid to make her a mother ; and at last beyond hope , her selfe conceiueth : It is a weake greedinesse in vs to affect Gods blessings by vnlawfull meanes ; what a proofe and praise had it beene of her faith if shee had staied Gods leasure , & would rather haue indured her barrennesse , then her husbands Poligamy : Now she shewes herselfe the daughter of Laban , the father for couetousnesse , the daughters for emulation haue drawn sinne into Iacobs bedde : Hee offended in yeelding , but they more in solliciting him , and therefore the fact is not imputed to Iacob , but to them . In those sins which Satan drawes vs into , the blame is ours , in those which we moue each other vnto , the most fault and punishment lies vpon the tempter . None of the Patriarchs diuided his seed into so many wombs as Iacob , none was so much crossed in his seed . Thus rich in nothing but wiues and children , was hee now returning to his fathers house , accounting his charge , his wealth . But God meant him yet more good . Laban sees that both his familie , and his flockes were wel increased by Iacobs seruice . Not his loue therefore but his gain makes him loath to part . Euen Labans couetousnesse is made by God the meanes to inrich Iacob . Behold his strait master intreats him to that recompence , which made his nephew mighty , and himselfe enuious : God considering his hard seruice paid him his wages out of Labans folds . Those flockes and heards had but few spotted sheep , and goates , vntill Iacobs couenant , then ( as if the fashion had beene altered ) they all ran into parted colours , the most and best ( as if they had bin weary of their former owner ) changed the colours of their young , that they might change their master . In the very shapes and colours of bruite creatures there is a diuine hand , which disposeth them to his owne ends . Small and vnlikely meanes shal preuail where God intends an effect . Little pilled stickes of hasell or poplar laid in the troughs shall inrich Iacob with an increase of his spotted flockes ; Labans sons might haue tried the same meanes , and failed : God would haue Laban know that hee put a difference betwixt Iacob and him ; that as for fourteene yeeres hee had multiplied Iacobs charge of cattell to Laban , so now for the last sixe yeeres hee would multiply Labans flocke to Iacob ? and if Laban had the more , yet the better were Iacobs : Euen in these outward things , Gods children haue many times sensible tastes of his fauours aboue the wicked . I know not whether Laban were a worse vncle , or father , or master he can like well Iacobs seruice , not his wealth . As the wicked haue no peace with God , so the godly haue no peace with men ; for if they prosper not , they are despised ; if they prosper , they are enuyed . This vncle whom his seruice had made his Father , must now vpon his wealth be fled from as an enemie : and like an enemy pursues him : If Laban had meant to haue taken a peaceable leaue , hee had neuer spent seuen daies iourny in following his innocent sonne : Iacob knew his churlishnes and therefore resolued rather to be vnmanerly , then iniuried , well might hee thinke that hee whose oppression changed his wages so often , in his stay would also abridge his wages in the parting ; now therefore hee wisely prefers his owne estate to Labans loue : It is not good to regard too much the vniust discontentment of wordly men , and to purchase vnprofitable fauour with too great losse . Behold Laban follows Iacob with one troup , Esau meets him with another , both with hostile intentions , both go on till the vtmost point of their execution : both are preuented ere the execution . God makes fools of the enemies of his Church , hee lets them proceed that they may bee frustrate , and when they are gone to the vtmost reach of their tether he puls them backe to their stake with shame : Lo now Laban leaues Iacob with a kisse ; Esau meets him with a kisse : Of the one he hath an oath , tears of the other , peace with both : Who shall need to feare man that is in league with God ? But what a wonder is this : Iacob receiued not so much hurt from all his enemies , as from his best friend . Not one of his haires perished by Laban , or Esau ; yet he lost a ioynt by the Angell , and was sent halting to his graue : He that knows our strength , yet will wrestle with vs for our exercise ; and loues our violence and importunity . Oh happy losse of Iacob , hee lost a ioynt and won a blessing : It is a fauour to halt from God , yet this fauour is seconded with a greater . He is blessed because hee would rather halt then leaue ere hee was blessed . If hee had left sooner , hee had not halted , but he had not prospered . That man shall goe away sound , but miserable , that loues a limme more then a blessing . Surely if Iacob had not wrestled with God , he had beene foyled with euills : How many are the troubles of the righteous . Not long after , Rachel ; the comfort of his life , dyeth . And when but in her trauell , and in his trauell to his Father ? when hee had now before digested in his thoughts the ioy and gratulation of his aged father , for so welcome a burden . His children , ( the staffe of his age ) wound his soule to the death . Reuben proues incestuous , Iuda adulterous , Dinah rauished ; Simeon and Leui murderous , Er , and Onan striken dead , Ioseph lost ; Simeon imprisoned ; Beniamin , the death of his mother , the Fathers right hand , indangered ; himselfe driuen by famin , in his old age , to dye amongst the Aegyptians , a people that held it abhomination to eat with him . If that Angel with whom he stroue , and who therefore stroue for him , had not deliuered his soule out of all aduersitie he had beene supplanted with euils , and had bene so farre from gaining the name of Israel , that he had lost the name of Iacob , now what son of Israell can hope for good daies , when hee heares his Fathers were so euill ? It is enough for vs if when we are dead we can rest with him in the land of promise . If the Angell of the couenant once blesse vs , no payne , no sorrowes can make vs miserable . Dinah . I Find but one only daughter of Iacob , who must needs therfore be a great dearling to her father ; and shee so miscarries , that shee causes her fathers griefe to bee more then his loue . As her mother Leah ; so shee hath a fault in her eyes , which was , Curiosity : Shee will needs see , and be seene ; and whiles shee doth vainely see , shee is seene lustfully . It is not enough for vs to looke to our own thoughts , except wee beware of the prouocations of others : If we once wander out of the lists that God hath set vs in our callings , there is nothing but danger : Her virginity had bene safe if she had kept home ; or if Sechem had forced her in her mothers tent ; this losse of her virginity had bene without her sinne ; now shee is not innocent that gaue the occasion . Her eies were guilty of this temptation : Only to see , is an insufficient warrant to draw vs into places of spirituall hazard : If Sechem had seene her busie at home his loue had bene free from outrage ; now the lightnes of her presence gaue incouragement to his inordinate desires . Immodesty of behauiour makes way to lust ; and giues life vnto wicked hopes : yet Sechem bewraies a good nature euen in filthinesse ; Hee loues Dinah after his sinne , and will needs marry her whom hee hath defiled . Commonly lust ends in loathing : Ammon abhors Thamar as much , after his act , as before , hee loued her ; and beats her out of doores , whom he was sicke to bring in . But Sechem wold not let Dinah fare the worse for his sin . And now he goes about to intertain her with honest loue , whom the rage of his lust had dishonestly abused . Her deflowring shall be no preiudice to her , since her shame shall redound to none but him , and hee will hide her dishonour with the name of an husband . What could he now doe , but sue to his Father , to hers , to her selfe ; to her brethren , intreating that , with humble submission which he might haue obtained by violence . Those actions which are ill begun , can hardly be salued vp with late satisfactions ; whereas good entrances giue strength vnto the proceedings , and successe to the end . The young mans father , doth not onely consent but solicit ; and is ready to purchase a daughter either with substance , or paine : The two olde men would haue ended the matter peaceably ; but youth commonly vndertakes rashly , and performes with passion , The sonnes of Iacob thinke of nothing but reuenge , and ( which is worst of all ) begin their cruelty with craft , and hide their craft with religion : A smiling malice is most deadly ; and hatred doth most ranckle the heart when it is kept in and dissembled . We cannot giue our sister to an vncircumcised man ; heere was God in the mouth , and Satan in the hart : The bloodiest of al proiects haue euer wont to bee coloured with religion : because the woorse any thing is , the better shew it desires to make ; and contrarily , the better colour is put vpon any vice , the more odious it is ; for as euery simulation ads to an euill , so the best ads most euil : themselues had taken the daughters and sisters of vncircumcised men ; Yea Iacob himselfe did so ; why might not an vncircumcised man obtaine their sister ? Or if there be a difference of giuing and taking , it had bin wel if it had not bin only pretended . It had bene an happy rauishment of Dinah that should haue drawn a whole country into the bosom of the church : but here was a sacrament intended , not to the good of the soul , but to murder of the body : It was an hard task for Hamor and Sechem not only to put the knife to their owne foreskins , but to perswade a multitude to so painful a condition . The Sonnes of Iacob dissemble with them , they with the people . ( Shall not their flockes and substance be ours ? ) Common profit is pretended ; whereas onely Sechems pleasure is meant . No motiue is so powerfull to the vulgar sort , as the name of commodity ; The hope of this makes them prodigall of their skin and blood ; Not the loue to the Sacrament , not the loue to Sechem : sinister respects draw more to the profession of religion , then conscience : if it were not for the loaues and fishes , the traine of Christ would bee lesse . But the Sacraments of God mis-receiued , neuer prosper in the end , These men are content to smart , so they may gaine . And now that euery man lies sore of his owne wound , Simeon and Leui rush in armed , & wound all the males to death : Cursed be their wrath for it was fierce , and their rage for it was cruell : indeed , filthinesse should not haue beene wrought in Israel ; but murder should not haue bin wrought by Israell ; if they had beene fit iudges ( which were but bloodie executioners ) how farre doth the punishment exceed the fault ? To punish aboue the offence is no lesse vniustice , then to offend one offendeth , and all feele the reuenge : yea all , ( though innocent ) suffer that reuenge , which he that offended , deserued not . Sechem sinned , but Dinah tempted him : Shee that was so light , as to wander abroad alone , onely to gaze , I feare was not ouer difficult to yeeld : And if hauing wrought her shame , heee had driuen her home with disgrace to her fathers tent , such tyrannous lust had iustly called for blood , but now hee craues , and offers , and would pay deere for but leaue to giue satisfaction . To execute rigour vpon a submisse offender is more mercilesse then iust : Or if the punishment had beene both iust and proportionable from another , yet from them which had vowed peace and affinity , it was shamefully vniust . To disappoint the trust of another , and to neglect our own promise and fidelity for priuate purposes , addes faithlesnesse vnto our cruelty . That they were impotent it was through their circumcision : what impiety was this insteed of honouring an holy signe , to take an aduantage by it ? what shrieking was there now in the streets of the citie of the Hiuites ? And how did the beguiled Sichemites when they saw the swords of the two brethren , die cursing that Sacrament in their hearts which had betraied them ? Euen their curses were the sinnes of Simeon and Leui ; whose fact , though it were abhorred by their father , yet it was seconded by their brethren . Their spoile makes good the others slaughter . Who would haue looked to haue found this outrage in the familie of Iacob ? How did that good Patriarke when he saw Dinah come home blubbered and wringing her hands , Simeon and Leui sprinkled with blood , wish that Leah had bene barren as long as Rachel : Good parents haue greefe enough ( though they sustaine no blame ) for their childrens sins : What great euils arise from small beginnings . The idle Curiosity of Dinah hath bred all this mischiefe , Rauishment sollowes vpon her wandring , vpon her rauishment murder , vpon the murder spoyle : It is holy and safe to be iealous of the first occasions of euill either done , or suffered Judah and Thamar . I Find not many of Iacobs sonnes more faulty then Iudah ; who yet is singled out from all the rest , to be the royal progenitor of Christ ; and to be honoured with the dignity of the birthright ; that Gods election might not bee of merit , but of grace : Else howsoeuer hee might haue sped alone , Thamar had neuer bene ioyned with him in this line : Euen Iudah marries a Canaanite , it is no maruel though his seed prosper not : And yet that good children may not bee too much discouraged with their vnlawfull propagation , the fathers of the promised seede are raised from an ineestuous bed : Iudah was very yong , scarce from vnder the rod of his Father , yet he takes no other counsell for his marriage , but from his owne eyes , which were like his sister Dinahs , rouing and wanton , what better issue could be expected from such beginnings . Those proud Iews that glory so much of their pedigree and name from this Patriarch , may now choose whether they will haue their mother a Canaanite , or an harlot : Euen in these things oft-times the birth follows the belly . His eldest son Er , is too wicked to liue ; God strikes him dead ere hee can leaue any issue , not abiding any sience to grow out of so bad a stocke : Notorious sinners God reserues to his owne vengeance , Hee doth not inflict sensible iudgements vpon all his enemies , least the wicked should thinke there were no punishment abiding for them elswhere . Hee doth inflict such iudgements vpon , some , least hee should seeme carelesse of euill . It were as easie for him to strike all dead , as one : but he had rather all should bee warned by one , and would haue his enemies find him mercifull , as his children iust : His brother Onan sees the iudgement , and yet follows his sins . Euery little thing discourages vs from good . Nothing can alter the heart that is set vpon euill : Er was not worthy of any loue ; but though hee were a miscreant , yet he was a brother Seed should haue beene raised to him ; Onan iustly leeses his life with his seed ; which hee would rather spill , then lend to a wicked brother . Some duties wee owe to humanity , more to neernes of bloud Ill deseruings of others can be no excuse for our iniustice , for our vncharitablenesse . That which Thamar required , Moses afterward , as from God , commaunded ; the succession of brothers into the barren bedde : Some lawes God spake to his Church long ere hee wrote them : while the author is certainly knowne , the voice and the finger of God are worthie of equall respect . Iudah hath lost two sonnes , and now doth but promise the third , whom he sinnes in not giuing . It is the weakenesse of nature , rather to hazard a sinne , then a daunger . And to neglect our owne duety , for wrongfull suspicion of others : though hee had lost his sonne in giuing him : yet hee should haue giuen him : A faithfull mans promise is his debt , which no feare of damage can dispeuse with . But whereupon was this slacknesse ? Iudah feared that some vnhappinesse in the bed of Thamar was the cause of his sons miscarriage ; whereas it was their fault that Thamar was both a widow and childlesse . Those that are but the patients of euill , are many times burdened with suspitions ; and therefore are ill thought of , because they fare ill : Afflictions would not be so heauy if they did not lay vs open vnto vncharitable conceipts . What difference God puts betwixt sinnes of wilfulnesse , and infirmity ? The sonnes pollution is punished with present death , the fathers incest is pardoned , and in a sort prospereth . Now Thamar seeks by subtlety , that which she could not haue by award of iustice ; the neglect of due retributions driues men to indirect courses ; neither know I whether they sinne more in righting themselues wrongfully , or the other in not righting them : Shee therefore takes vpon her the habit of an harlot , that shee might performe the act ; If shee had not wished to seeme an whoore , she had not worn that attire , nor chosen that place , immodesty of outward fashion or gesture bewraies euill desires , the heart that means well , will neuer wish to seeme ill ; for commonly we affect to shew better then we are . Many harlots wil put on the semblances of chastity , of modesty , neuer the contrary . It is no trusting those which do not wish to appeare good . Iudah esteems her by her habit , and now the sight of an harlot hath stird vp in him a thought of lust ; Satan finds well that a fit obiect is halfe a victory . Who would not bee ashamed to see a son of Iacob thus transported with filthy affections ? At the first sight is hee inflamed ; neither yet did hee see the face of her , whom hee lusted after , it was enough motiue to him that shee was a woman ; neither could the presence of his neighbour the Adullamite compose those wicked thoughts , or hinder his vnchaste acts . That sinne must needs bee impudent , which can abide a witnesse : yea so hath his lust besotted him , that he cannot discerne the voice of Thamar , that he cannot foresee the danger of his shame in parting with such pledges . There is no passion which doth not for the time bereaue a man of himselfe : Thamar had learned not to trust him without a pawne ; He had promised his son to her as a daughter , and failed ; now hee promised a kid to her as an harlot , & performeth it , whether his pledge constrained him , or the power of his word , I inquire not : Many men are faithfull in all things , saue those which are the greatest , and dearest ; If his credit had beene as much indangered in the former promise , hee had kept it : Now hath Thamar requited him . Shee expected long the inioying of his promised son , and he performed not : but heere he performes the promise of the kid , and she staies not to expect it ; Iudah is sory that hee cannot pay the hire of his lust , and now feareth lest he shall be beaten with his owne staffe , least his signet shall be vsed to confirme , and seal his reproch ; resoluing not to know them ; and wishing they were vnknowne of others . Shame is the easiest wages of sin , and the surest , which euer begins first in our selues . Nature is not more forward to commit sinne , then willing to hide it . I heare as yet of no remorse in Iudah , but feare of shame . Three moneths hath his sinne slept , and now when hee is securest , it awakes and baites him . Newes is brought him that Thamar begins to swell with her conception , and now he swels with rage , and cals her foorth to the flame like a rigorous iudge , without so much as staying for the time of her deliuerance ; that his cruelty in this iustice , should bee no lesse ill , then the vniustice of occasioning it . If Iuda had not forgotten his sinne , his pitty had beene more then his hatred to this of his daughters : How easie is it to detest those sinnes in others which we flatter in our selues : Thamar doth not deny the sinne , nor refuse punishment ; but cals for that partner in her punishment , which was her partner in the sinne : the staffe , the signet , the handkerchiefe accuse and conuince Iuda , and now hee blushes at his owne sentence , much more at his act , and cryes out ( she is more righteous then I ) God will find a time to bring his children vpon their knees , and to wring from them penitent confessions : And rather then hee will not haue them soundly ashamed , hee will make them the trumpets of their owne reproch . Yet doth hee not offer himselfe to the flame with her , but rather excuses her by himselfe . This relenting in his owne case shamed his former zeale : Euen in the best men nature is partial to it selfe : It is good so to sentence others frailties , that yet wee remember our owne , whether those that haue beene , or may bee , with what shame , yea with what horror must Iudah needs look vp-vpon the great belly of Thamar , and on her two sons , the monuments of his filthinesse ? How must it needs wound his soule to hear them call him both Father , and Grandfather , to call her mother , and sister : If this had not cost him many a sigh , he had no more escaped his Fathers curse then Reuben did : I see the difference not of sins , but of men : Remission goes not by the measure of the sinne , but the quality of the sinner ; yea rather , the mercy of the forgiuer : Blessed is the man ( not that sins not , but ) to whom the Lord imputes not his sinne . Joseph . I Maruell not that Ioseph had the double portion of Iacobs land , who had more then two parts of his sorrowes : None of his sons did so truely inherit his afflictions ; none of them was either so miserable , or so great : suffering is the way to glory : I see in him not a cleerer type of Christ , then of euery Christian , because wee are deere to our Father , and complain of sins , therefore are we hated of our carnall brethren : If Ioseph had not medled with his brothers faults , yet hee had beene enuied for his Fathers affection ; but now malice is met with enuie : There is nothing more thankelesse or dangerous then to stand in the way of a resolute sinner : That which doth correct and oblige the penitent , makes the wilfull minde furious and reuengefull . All the spight of his brethren cannot make Ioseph cast off the liuery of his fathers loue : what neede we care for the censures of men 〈◊〉 if our hearts can tell vs that we are in fauour with God. But what ment yoong Ioseph to adde vnto his owne enuie ▪ by reporting his dreames ? The concealement of our hopes or abilities hath not more modesty , then safety : Hee that was enuied for his deerenesse , and hated for his intelligence , was both enuied and hated for his dreams . Surely God meant to make the relation of these dreames , a meanes to effect that which these dreames imported . Wee men worke by likely meanes ; God by contraries . The main quarrel was , ( Behold this dreamer commeth . ) Had it not bene for his dreams ; he had not bin solde , if he had not bene sold , hee had not bin exalted . So Iosephs state had not deserued enuie , if his dreams had not caused him to be enuied . Full little did Ioseph thinke when he went to seek his brethren that this was the last time hee should see his Fathers house : Full little did his brethren think when they solde him naked to the Ismaelites to haue once seene him in the throne of Aegypt . Gods decree runnes on ; and while wee , either think not of it , or oppose it , is performed . In an honest and obedient simplicity Ioseph comes to inquire of his brethrens health , and now may not returne to carry newes of his owne misery : whiles hee thinks of their welfare they are plotting his destruction . ( Come let vs slay him , ) Who would haue expected this cruelty in them which should bee the Fathers of Gods Church : It was thought a fauour that Reubens intreaty obtained for him that hee might be cast into the pit aliue ; to die there . He lookt for brethren , and behold murtherers ; Euery mans tongue , euery mans fist was bent against him : Each one striues who shall lay the first hand vppon that changeable cote , which was died with their Fathers loue , and their enuie : And now they haue stript him naked , and haling him by both armes , as it were : cast him aliue into his graue . So in pretence of forbearance , they resolue to torment him with a lingring death : the sauagest robbers could not haue beene more mercilesse : for now besides ( what in them lyes ) they kill their Father in their brother . Nature if it once degenerate , grows more monstrous and extreme then a disposition borne to cruelty . All this while Ioseph wanted neither words nor teares , but like a passionate suppliant ( bowing his bare knees to them whom hee dreamed should bow to him ) intreates and perswades by the deer name of their brotherhood , by their profession of one common God , for their fathers sake ; for their owne souls sake not to sin against his bloud : But enuy hath shut out mercy ; and makes them not only forget themselues to be brethren , but men : What stranger can thinke of poore innocent Ioseph , crying naked in that desolate and drye pit ( only sauing that he moystened it with teares ) and not be moued ? Yet his hard-harted brethren sit them down carelesly , with the noyse of his lamentation in their eares , to eat bread ; not once thinking by their owne hunger , what it was for Ioseph to be affamisht to death . Whatsoeuer they thought , God neuer meant that Ioseph should perish in that pit ; and therfore he sends very Ismaelites to raunsome him from his brethren ; the seed of him that persecuted his brother Isaac , shal now redeem Ioseph from his brethrens persecution : When they came to fetch him out of the pit , hee now hoped for a speedy dispatch ; That since they seemed not to haue so much mercy as to prolong his life , they would not continue so much cruelty as to prolong his death . And now when he hath comforted himselfe with hope of the fauour of dying , behold death exchanged for bondage : how much is seruitude to an ingenuous nature worse then death ? For this is common to all ; that , to none but the miserable : Iudah meant this well , but God better : Reuben saued him from the sword ; Iudah from affamishing : God will euer raise vp some secret fauourers to his own amongst those that are most malicious : How well was this fauor bestowed ? If Ioseph had died for hunger in the pit , both Iacob and Iudah , and al his brethren had died for hunger in Canaan . Little did the Ismaelitish merchants know what a tresure they bought carryed and sold ; more pretious then al their balmes and mirrhes . Little did they thinke that they had in their hands the Lord of Egypt , the Iewell of the worlde : Why should wee contemne any mans meannesse , when we know not his destiny ? One sinne is commonly vsed for the vail of another : Iosephs coat is sent home dipped in blood , that whiles they should hide their owne cruelty , they might afflict their Father , no lesse then their brother . They haue deuised this really to punish their olde father for his loue , with so grieuous a monument of his sorrow . Hee that is mourned for in Canaan as dead , prospers in Egypt vnder Potiphar ; and of a slaue is made a ruler : Thus God meant to prepare him for a greater charge ; he must first rule Potiphars house , then Pharaohs kingdome : his owne seruice is his least good ; for his very presence procures a common blessing : A whole family shall fare the better for one Ioseph : Vertue is not lookt vpon alike with al eyes : his fellows praise him , his maister trusts him , his mistresse affects him too much . All the spight of his brethren was not so great a crosse to him , as the inordinate affection of his mistresse . Temptations on the right hand are now more perilous , and hard to resist , by how much they are more plausible and glorious ; But the heart that is bent vppon God , knows how to walke steddily and indifferently betwixt the pleasures of sinne ; and feares of euill : He saw , this pleasure would aduance him : Hee knew what it was to be a minion of one of the greatest Ladies in Egypt : yet resolues to contemne it : A good heart will rather lye in the dust , then rise by wickednesse . ( How shall I doe this , and sinne against God. He knew that all the honours of Egypt could not buy off the guilt of one sinne , and therefore abhors not onely her bed , but her company : Hee that will bee safe from the acts of euill , must wisely auoide the occasions , as sin ends euer in shame when it is committed , so it makes vs past shame that wee may commit it ; The impudent strumpet dare not onely solicit , but importune , but in a sort force the modesty of her good seruant ; She laies hold on his garment ; her hand seconds her tongue . Good Ioseph found it now time to flee ; when such an enemy pursued him ; how much had hee rather leaue his cloke , then his vertue . And to suffer his mistresse to spoile him of his liuery , rather then hee should blemish her honor , or his maisters in her , or God in either of them . This second time is Ioseph stript of his garment ; before , in the violence of enuie , now of lust ; before of necessity , now of choice : Before , to deceiue his father , now his maister : for behold , the pledge of his fidelity which hee left in those wicked hands , is made an euidence against him of that which he refused to doe : therfore did hee leaue his cloake because he would not doe that ; of which he is accused and condemned because he left it : what safety is there against great aduersaries , when euen arguments of innocence are vsed to conuince of euill ? Lust yeelded vnto is a pleasant madnesse , but is a desperate madnesse when it is opposed : No hatred burnes so furiously as that which arises from the quenched coles of loue . Malice is witty to deuise accusations of others out of their vertue , and our owne guiltinesse : Ioseph either pleades not , or is not heard . Doubtlesse he denied the fact , but he dare not accuse the offender : There is not only the praise of patience but oft-times of wisedome , euen in vniust sufferings : Hee knew that God would finde a time to cleere his innocence , and to reward his chaste faithfulnesse . No prison would serue him , but Paraohs . Ioseph had lyen obscure , and not beene knowne to Pharaoh , if he had not beene cast into Paraohs dungeon : the afflictions of Gods chidren turne euer to their aduantages . No sooner is Ioseph a prisoner , then a gardian of the prisoners . Trust and honor accompany him wheresoeuer he is : In his Fathers house , In Potiphars , in the Iayle , in the Court ; still hee hath both fauour and rule . So long as God is with him , he cannot but shine in spight of men The walls of that dungeon cannot hide his vertues , the yrons cannot holde them . Paraohs officers are sent to witnesse his graces , which hee may not come forth to shew , the cup-bearer admires him in the iayle , but forgets him in the Court. How easily doth our owne prosperity make vs forget either the deseruings , or miseries of others . But as God cannot neglect his owne , so least of all in their sorrowes . After two yeares more of Iosephs patience ; that God which caused him to be lift out of the former pit to be sold ; now cals him out of the dungeon to honour . Hee now puts a dreame into the head of Pharaoh . Hee puts the remembrance of Iosephs skil into the head of the cup-bearer , who to pleasure Pharaoh , not to requite Ioseph ; commends the prisoner , for an interpreter : He puts an interpretation in the mouth of Ioseph ▪ hee puts this choice into the heart of Pharaoh of a miserable prisoner to make the ruler of Egypt . Beholde one houre hath changed his fetters into a chaine of gold , his rags into fine linnen , his stockes into a chariot , his iayle into a pallace , Potiphars captiue into his Maisters Lord ; the noyse of his chains into Abrech . He whose chastity refused the wanton allurements of the wife of Potiphar , hath now giuen him to his wife the daughter of Potipherah . Humility goes before honour ; seruing and suffering are the best tutors to gouernement . How well are Gods children paide for their patience ? How happy are the issues of the faithfull ? Neuer any man repented him of the aduancement of a good man. Pharaoh hath not more preferd Ioseph then Ioseph hath enriched Pharaoh ; If Ioseph had not ruled Egypt and all bordering nations had perished ▪ The prouidence of so faithfull an officer hath both giuen the Egyptians their liues , and the money , cattle , lands , bodies of the Egyptians to Pharaoh . Both haue reason to be well pleased . The subiects owe to him their liues , the King his subiects , and his dominions , The bountie of God made Ioseph able to giue more than he receiued . It is like , the seuen yeeres of plentie were not confined to Egypt ; other countries adioining were no lesse fruitfull : yet in the seuen yeeres of famine Egypt had corn when they wanted . See the difference betwixt a wise prouident frugalitie , and a vaine ignorant expence of the benefits of God : The sparing hand is both full and beneficiall , wheras the lauishment is not only empty , but iniurious . Good Iacob is pinched with the common famine . No piety can exempt vs from the euils of neighbourhood . No man can tell by outward euents , which is the Patriarke , and which the Canaanite . Neither doth his profession lead him to the hope of a miraculous preseruation . It is a vaine tempting of God to cast our selues vppon an immediate prouision , with neglect of common means : His tenne sonnes must now leaue their flockes , and goe down into Egypt , to be their fathers purueyours . And now they go to buy of him whom they had folde ; and bow the knees to him for his life , which had bowed to them before for his owne life . His age , his habit ; the place , the language kept Ioseph from their knowledge ; neither had they called off their minds from their folds , to inquire of matters of forren state , or to heare that an Ebrew was aduanced to the highest honour of Egypt ▪ But hee can not but know them , whom hee left at their full growth , whose tongue and habit , and number were still one : whose faces had left so deep an impression in his minde , ●t their vnkind parting : It is wisedome somtimes so to conceale our knowledge , that we may not preiudice truth . Hee that was hated of his brethren for beeing his fathers spye ; now accuses his brethren for common spyes of the weaknesses of Egypt ; hee could not without their suspicion haue come to a perfect intelligence of his fathers estate , and theirs , if he had not obiected to them that which was not . We are not alwaies bound to go the neerest way to trueth . It is more safe in cases of inquisition to fetch far about , that he might seeme enough an Egyptian , hee sweares heathenishly . How little could they suspect , this oath could proceed from the sonne of him , which swore by the feare of his father Isaac ? How oft haue sinister respects drawne weake goodnes to disguise it selfe , euen with sins ? It was no small ioy to Ioseph , to see this late accomplishment of his ancient dreame ; to see these suppliants ( I know not whether more brethren , or enemies ) groueling before him in an vnknowing submission : And now it doth him good to seeme merciles to them , whom he had found wilfully cruell ; to hide his loue from them which had shewed their hate to him , and to thinke how much he fauourd them , and how little they knew it : And as sporting himselfe in their seeming misery , he pleasantly imitates all those actions reciprocally vnto them , which they in despight and earnest , had done formerly to him ; hee speakes roughly , reiects their perswasions , puts them in hold , and one of them in bonds . The minde must not alwaies bee iudged by the outward face of the actions . Gods countenance is oft-times as seuere , and his hand as heauy to them whom hee best loueth . Many a one vnder the habit of an Egyptian hath the hart of an Israelite . No song could be so delightful to him , as to hear them in a late remorse condemn themselues before him , of their old cruelty towards him , who was now their vnknown witnesse and Iudge . Nothing doth so powerfully call home the conscience , as affliction ; neither need there any other art of memory for sinne , besides misery . They had heard Iosephs deprecation of their euil with teares , and had not pityed him ; yet Ioseph doth but heare their mention of this euill which they had done against him , and pities them with teares , hee weeps for ioy to see their repentance , and to compare his safety and happines with the cruelty which they intended , and did , and thought they had done . Yet he can abide to see his brother his prisoner ; whom no bonds could bind so strong , as his affection bound him to his captiue : Simeon is left in pawne , infetters ; the rest returne , with their corne , with their mony , paying nothing for their prouision ; but their labour ; that they might be as much troubled with the benificence of that strange Egyptian Lord , as before with his imperious suspition . Their wealth was now more irkesom to them , then their need , and they feare God means to punish them more in this superfluitie of money , then in the want of victuals . ( What is this that God hath done to vs ? ) It is a wise course to be iealous of our gaine ; and more to feare , then desire abundance . Old Iacob that was not vsed to simple and absolut contentments receiues the blessing of seasonable prouision , together with the affliction of that heauy message ; the losse of one sonne , and the danger of another . And knowes not whether it be better for him to die with hunger , or with griefe for the departure of that sonne of his right hand : Hee driues off till the last ; Protraction is a kinde of ease in euils that must come . At length ( as no plea is importunate as that of famine ) Beniamin must goe ; one euill must bee hazarded for the redresse of another what would it auaile him to see whom he loued , miserable ? how iniurious were that affliction to keepe his sonne so long in his eye till they should see each other die for hunger . The ten brothers returne into Egypt loaded with double mony in their sackes , and a present in their hands ; the danger of mistaking is requited , by honest minds with more then restitution . It is not enough to find our own harts clear in suspicious actions , except we satisfie others : Now hath Ioseph what he would , the sight and presence of his Beniamin , whom he therefore borrowes of his Father for a time , that he might returne him with a greater interest of ioy : And now hee feasts them whom hee formerly threatned , and turnes their feare into wonder ; all vnequall loue is not partiall ; all the brethren are intertained bountifully , but Beniamin hath a fiue-fold portion : By how much his welcome was greater , by so much his pretended theft seemed more hainous , for good turnes aggrauate vnkindnesses , and our offences are increased with our obligations : How easie is it to finde aduantages , where there is a purpose to accuse : Beniamins sacke makes him guilty of that whereof his heart was free : Crimes seeme strange to the innocent ; well might they abiure this fact with the offer of bondage and death : For they which carefully brought againe that which they might haue taken , would neuer take that which was not giuen them . But thus Ioseph would yet dally with his brethren , and make Beniamin a theefe that he might make him a seruant and fright his brethren with the perill of that their charge , that he might double their ioy , and amazednesse in giuing them two brothers at once : our happinesse is greater , and sweeter when wee haue well feared , and smarted with euills . But now when Iudah seriously reported the danger of his old father , and the sadnesse of his last complaint , compassion and ioy will be concealed no longer ; but breake forth violently at his voice and eies . Many passions doe not well abide witnesses , because they are guilty to their owne weakenesse : Ioseph sends foorth his seruants that he might freely weep . He knew he could not say , I am Ioseph , without an vnbeleeuing vehemence . Neuer any worde sounded so strangely as this , in the eares of the Patriarkes . Wonder , doubt , reuerence , ioy , feare , hope , guiltinesse stroke them at once . It was time for Ioseph to say Feare not ; No maruell if they stood with palenesse and silence before him ; looking on him , and on each other : the more they considered , they wondred , and the more they beleeued , the more they feared : For those words ( I am Ioseph , ) seemed to sound thus much to their guilty thoughts : You are murtherers , and I am a Prince in spight of you ; My power and this place , giue me all opportunities of reuenge ; My glory is your shame , my life your danger , your sinne liues together with mee . But now the teares and gratious words of Ioseph haue soone assured them of pardon and loue , and haue bidden them turne their eies from their sinne against their brother , to their happinesse in him , and haue changed their doubts into hopes and ioyes ; causing them to looke vppon him without feare , though not without shame . His louing imbracements cleare their hearts of all iealousies ; and hasten to put new thoughts into them ; of fauour , and of greatnes : So that now forgetting what euill they did to their brother , they are thinking of what good their brother may doe to them : Actions salued vp with a free forgiuenesse , are as not done ; and as a bone once broken is stronger after well setting , so is loue after reconcilement . But as wounds once healed leaue a scarre behind them ; so remitted iniuries leaue commonly in the actors a guilty remembrance ; which hindred these brethren from that freedom of ioy which else they had conceiued : This was their fault , not Iosephs ; who striues to giue them all security of his loue , and will bee as bountifull , as they were cruell . They sent him naked to strangers , he sends them in new and rich liueryes to their Father ; they tooke a small summe of money for him , he giues them great treasures ; They sent his torne cote to his Father ; Hee sends variety of costly raiments to his Father by them : They sold him to bee the load of camels ; Hee sends them home with chariots . It must be a great fauor that can appease the conscience of a great iniury . Now they returne home rich and ioyfull , making themselues happy to thinke , how glad they should make their father with this news . That good old man would neuer haue hoped that Egypt could haue affoorded such prouision as this . Ioseph is yet aliue : This was not food , but life to him . The returne of Beniamin was comfortable : but that his dead sonne was yet aliue after so many yeeres lamentation , was tidings too happy to bee beleeued , and was enough to endanger that life with excesse of ioy , which the knowledge thereof doubled . Ouer-excellent obiects are dangerous in their sudden apprehensions . One graine of that ioy would haue safely cheared him , whereof a full measure ouer-laies his heart with too much sweetnesse . There is no earthly pleasure , whereof wee may not surfet : of the spirituall wee can neuer haue enough . Yet his eies reuiue his minde , which his eares had thus astonished . When he saw the charets of his sonne , hee beloeued Iosephs life , and refreshed his owne . He had too much before , so that hee could not enioy it : now he saith , I haue enough , Ioseph my sonne is yet aliue . They told him of his honour , he speakes of his life : life is better than honour . To haue heard that Ioseph liued a seruant , would haue ioied him more , than to heare that hee died honourably . The greater blessing obscures the lesse . Hee is not worthy of honour that is not thankfull for life . Yet Iosephs life did not content Iacob without his presence : ( I will go downe and see him ere I dye : ) The sight of the eye is better then to walke in desires ; Good things plesure vs not in their being , but in our inioying . The height of all earthly contentment appeared in the meeting of these two ; whom their mutuall losse had more endeared to each other : The intermission of comforts hath this aduantage , that it sweetens our delight more in the returne , then was abated in the forbearance . God doth oft-times hide away our Ioseph for a time that wee may bee more ioyous and thankfull in his recouery : This was the sincerest pleasure that euer Iacob had , which therefore God reserued for his age . And if the meeting of earthly friends be so vnspeakeably comfortable ; how happy shall we bee in the sight of the glorious face of God our heauenly Father ; of that our blessed redeemer , whom we sold to death by our sins , and which now after that noble Triumph hath all power giuen him in heauen and in earth : Thus did Iacob reioyce when he was to go out of the land of promise to a forreine nation for Iosephs sake ; being glad that hee should loose his country for his sonne . What shall our ioy bee , who must out of this forraine land of our pilgrimage to the home of our glorious inheritance , to dwell with none but our own ; in that better and more lightsome Goshen-free from all the incombrances of this Egypt , and full of al the riches and delights of God ? The guilty conscience can neuer thinke it selfe safe : So many yeares experience of Iosephs loue could not secure his brethren of remission : those that know they haue deserued ill , are wont to misinterpret fauours , and think they cannot be beloued : All that while , his goodnes seemed but concealed , and sleeping malice ; which they feared in their Fathers last sleepe would awake and bewray it selfe in reuenge : Still therefore they plead the name of their Father , though dead , not daring to vse their owne : Good meanings cannot be more wronged , then with suspicion : It grieues Ioseph to see their feare , and to find they had not forgotten their owne sinne , and to heare them so passionately craue that which they had . Forgiue the trespasse of the seruants of thy Fathers God : ) What a coniuration of pardon was this ? What wound could be either so deepe , or so festered , as this plaster could not cure ? They say not , the sons of thy Father , for they knew Iacob was dead , and they had degenerated ; but the seruants of thy Fathers God : How much stronger are the bonds of religion , then of nature : If Ioseph had beene rancorous , this deprecation had charmed him ; but now it resolues him into teares : They are not so ready to acknowledge their old offence as he to protest his loue ; and if he chide them for any thing , it is for that they thought they needed to intreat since they might know , it could not stand with the fellow seruant of their Fathers God to harbour maliciousnesse , to purpose reuenge . Am not I vnder God ? And fully to secure them ; he turnes their eyes from themselues to the decree of God , from the action to the euent ; as one that would haue them thinke , there was no cause to repent of that which proued so succesfull . Euen late confession findes forgiuenesse ; Ioseph had long agoe seene their sorrow , neuer but now heard their humble acknowledgment ; Mercy stayes not for outward solemnities . How much more shall that infinite goodnes pardon our sinnes when he finds the truth of our repentance . FINIS Contemplations . THE FOVRTH BOOKE . The affliction of Israel . Or The Aegiptian bondage . The birth and breeding of Moses . Moses called . The plagues of Aegypt . Imprinted at London by Melch. Bradwood for Samuel Macham , and are to be sold at his shop in Pauls Church-yard at the signe of the Bull-head-1612 . TO THE RIGHT Honourable IAMES , Lord Hay : All grace and happinesse . RIGHT Honourable : All that I can say for my selfe is a desire of dooing good ; which if it were as feruent in richer hearts , that Church which now we see comely , would then be glorious : this honest ambition hath carried me to neglect the feare of seeming prodigall of my little : and while I see others talents resting in the earth , hath drawne me to traffick with mine in publique . I hope no aduenture that euer I made of this kind shall bee equally gainfull to this my present labour , wherein I take Gods owne history for the ground , and worke vpon it by what meditations my weakenesse can afford . The diuinenes of this subiect shall make more then amends for the manifold defects of my discourse ; although also the blame of an imperfection is so much the more when it lighteth vpon so high a choice . This part which I offer to your Lordship shall shew you Pharaoh impotently enuious and cruell , the Israelites of friends become slaues , punished onely for prospering ; Moses in the weeds , in the court , in the desert , in the hill of visions ; a Courtier in Aegypt , a shepheard in Midian , an Ambassador from God , a leader of Gods people , and when you see the prodigious variety of the plagues of Aegypt you shall not know whether more to wonder at the miracles of Moses , or Pharaohs obstinacy . Finally , you shall see the same waues made both a wall & a gulfe in one boure ; the Aegyptians drowned , where no Israelite was wetshod ; and if these passages yeeld not abundance of profitable thoughts , impute it ( not without pardon ) to the pouerty of my weake conceit ; which yet may perhaps occasion better vnto others . In all humble submission I commend them ( what they are ) to your Lordships fauourable acceptation , and your selfe with them , to the gratious blessing of our God. Your Lordships in all dutifull obseruance at command . IOS . HALL . THE FOVRTH BOOKE . The affliction of Israell . AEgypt was long an harbour to the Israelites ; now it proues a Iayle ; the posteritye of Iacob findes too late , what it was for their forefathers to sel Ioseph , a slaue into Egypt . Those whom the Egyptians honoured before as Lords , they now contemne as drudges : One Pharaoh aduances whom another labors to depresse : Not seldome the same man changes copies , but if fauors out-liue one age they proue decrepit and hartlesse : It is a rare thing to finde posterity heires of their fathers loue : How should mens fauours bee but like themselues , variable and inconstant ? there is no certainety but in the fauour of God , in whom can bee no change ; whose loue is entayled vpon a thousand generations . Yet if the Israelites had beene trecherous to Pharaoh , if disobedient , this great change of countenance had beene iust ; now the onely offence of Israel is that he prospereth ; That which should bee the motiue of their gratulation , and friendship , is the cause of their malice . There is no more hatefull sight to a wicked man then the prosperity of the conscionable ; None but the spirit of that true harbinger of Christ can teach vs to say with contentment , Hee must increase , but I must decrease . And what if Israel bee mightie and rich ? ( If there be warre , they may ioyne with our enemies , and get them out of the land ) Behold they are afraid to part with those whom they are greeued to entertaine : Either staying or going is offence enough , to those that seeke quarrels ; There were no wars , and yet they say ( If there be wars ) The Israelites had neuer giuen cause of feare to reuolt , and yet they say , ( Least they ioyne to our enemies to those enemies which wee may haue ; So they make their certain friends slaues , for feare of vncertaine enemies . Wickednes is euer cowardly , and full of vniust suspitions ; it makes a man feare , where no feare is , flye when none pursues him . What difference there is betwixt Dauid and Pharaoh ; The faith of the one saies , I will not be afraid for tenne thousand that should beset me ; The feare of the other saies , Lest if there be warre , they ioyne with our enemies ; Therefore should he haue made much of the Israelites , that they might bee his , his fauours might haue made them firme ; Why might they not as wel draw their swords for him ? Weake and base minds euer incline to the worse ; and seeke safety rather in an impossibility of hurt , then in the likelihood of iust aduantage : Fauors had bene more binding then cruelties , yet the foolish Egyptian had rather haue impotent seruants , then able friends . For their welfare alone Pharaoh owes Israel a mischiefe ; and how will he pay it ? ( Come let vs worke wisely ; ) Leud men cal wicked policies wisdom , and their successe happinesse : Herein Satan is wiser , then they , who both layes the plot , and makes them such fooles as to mistake villany and madnesse , for the best vertue . Iniustice is vpheld by violence , whereas iust gouernments are maintained by loue : Taske-masters must be set ouer Israel ; they should not be the true seed of Israel , if they were not still set to wrestle with God in afflictions : Heauy burdens must be laid vpon them : Israel is neuer but loaded , the destiny of one of Iacobs sonnes is common to all . To lye downe betwixt their burdens : If they had seemed to breath them in Goshen sometimes , yet euen there it was no small misery to be forrainers , and to liue among Idolaters : But now the name of a slaue is added to the name of a stranger . Israel had gathered some rust in idolatrous Egypt , and now he must be scoured , they had born the burden of Gods anger , if they had not born the burdens of the Egyptians . As God afflicted them with another mind then the Egyptians ; ( God to exercise them , the Egyptians to suppresse them ; ) so causes hee the euent to differ . Who would not haue thought with these Egyptians , that so extreme misery should not haue made the Israelites vnfit both for generation and resistance ; Moderate exercise strengthens , extreame destroyes nature : That God which many times workes by contrarie means caused them to grow with depression , with persecution to multiply ; How can Gods Church but fare well , since the very malice of their enemies benefits them . O the Soueraigne goodnes of our God that turnes all our poysons into cordials , Gods vine beares the better with bleeding . And now the Egyptians could be angry with their owne maliciousnesse , that this was the occasion of multiplying them whom they hated , and feared ; to see that this seruice gained more to the workmen , then to their maisters ; The stronger therefore the Israelites grew , the more impotent grew them alice of their persecutours . And since their owne labor strengthens them , now tyranny will try what can bee done by the violence of others : Since the present strength cannot bee subdued ; the hopes of succession must be preuented : women must bee suborned to bee murtherers , and those whose office is to help the birth , must destroy it . There was lesse suspition of cruelty in that sexe , and more oportunity of doing mischiefe . The male children must be borne , and dye at once ; what can bee more innocent then the child that hath not liued so much as to cry , or to see light ? It is fault enough to bee the son of an Israelite : the daughters may liue for bondage , for lust a condition so much ( at the least ) woorse then death , as their sexe was weaker . O maruellous cruelty that a man should kill a man , for his sexes sake . Whosoeuer hath loosed the reynes vnto cruelty is easily carryed into incredible extremities . From burdens they proceed to bondage , and from bondange to blood : from an vniust vexation of their body , to an inhumane destruction of the fruit of their body ; As the sins of the concupiscible part , from sleight motions grow on to foule executions , so doe those of the irascible ; there is no sinne whose harbour is more vnsafe then of that of malice : But oft times the power of tyrants answers not their will ; euill commanders cannot alwaies meete with equally mischieuous agents . The feare of God teaches the mid wiues to disobey an vniust command ; they well knew how no excuse it is for euill , I was bidden . God said to their harts , Thou shalt not kill , This voice was louder then Pharaohs . I commend their obedience in disobeying , I dare not commend their excuse , there was as much weakenesse in their answere , as strength in their practise : as they feared God in not killing , so they feared Pharaoh in dissembling : oft times those that make conscience of greater sins are ouertaken with lesse . It is wel and rare if we can come forth of a dangerous action without any soyle ; and if we haue escaped the storme ; that some after drops wet vs not . Who would not haue expected that the midwiues should bee murthered for not murthering ? Pharaoh could not be so simple to thinke these women trusty yet his indignation had no power to reach to their punishment God prospered the mid-wiues : who can harme them ? Euen the not dooing of euill is rewarded with good . And why did they prosper ? Because they feared God ; Not for their dissimulation but their pietie . So did God regard their mercie , that he ragarded not their infirmitie . How fondly do men lay the thank vpon the sin which is due to the vertue : true wisedome teaches to distinguish Gods actions , and to ascribe them to the right causes : Pardon belongs to the lye of the Midwiues , remuneration to their goodnes , prosperity to their fear of God. But that which the Midwiues will not , the multitudes shall do ; It were strange if wicked rulers should not finde some or other instruments of violence : all the people must drowne whom the women saued ; Cruelty hath but smoked before , now it flames vp ; secret practising hath made it shamelesse , that now it dare proclaime tyranny . It is a miserable state where euery man is made an executioner : there can bee no greater argument of an ill cause then a bloody prosecution , wheras truth vpholds herselfe by mildnesse , and is promoted by patience . This is their act , what was their issue ? the people must drown their males , themselues are drowned : they died by the same means by which they caused the poore Israelitish infants to dye ; that law of retaliation which God will not allow to vs , because we are fellow creatures , hee iustly practiseth in vs. God would haue vs reade our sinnes in our iudgements , that we might both repent of our sinnes ; and giue glory to his iustice . Pharaoh raged before , much more now that hee receiued a message of dismission : the monitions of God make ill men worse : the waues doe not beat nor roare any where so much as at the banke which restraines them . Corruption when it is checked , growes madde with rage . As the vapour in a cloud would not make that fearefull report , if it met not with opposition . A good heart yeelds at the stillest voice of God : but the most gratious motions of God harden the wicked . Many would not be so desperately settled in their sinnes , if the word had not controlled them . How milde a message was this to Pharaoh , and yet how galling ? Wee pray thee let vs goe . God commands him that which hee feared . Hee tooke pleasure in the present seruitude of Israel : God cals for a release . If the suit had beene for mitigation of labour , for preseruation of their children , it might haue caried some hope , and haue found some fauour , but now God requires that which he knows will as much discontent Pharaoh as Pharaohs cruelty could discontent the Israelites ( Let vs goe ) How contrary are Gods precepts to naturall minds ? And indeed , as they loue to crosse him in their practise ; so hee loues to crosse them in their commands before , & his punishments afterward ; It is a dangerous signe of an ill heart to feele Gods yoake heauy . Moses talkes of sacrifice , Pharaoh talkes of worke . Any thing seemes due worke to a carnall minde , sauing Gods seruice : nothing superfluous , but religious duties . Christ tels vs there is but one thing necessarie : nature tels vs there is nothing but that , needlesse . Moses speakes of deuotion , Pharaoh of idlenesse . It hath beene an old vse , as to cast faire colours vpon our owne vicious actions , so to cast euill a●persions vpon the good actions of others . The same Diuell that spoke in Pharaoh , speakes still in our scoffers , and cals religion hypocrisie , conscionable care , singularitie . Euery vice hath a title , and euery vertue a disgrace . Yet while possible taskes were imposed , there was some comfort . Their diligence might saue their backes from stripes . The conceit of a benefit to the commander , and hope of impunitie to the labourer , might giue a good pretence to great difficulties : but to require taskes not faisible , is tyrannicall , and doth onely picke a quarrell to punish . They could neither make straw , nor finde it , yet they must haue it . Doe what may be , is tolerable ; but doe what cannot bee , is cruell . Those which are aboue others in place , must measure their commands , not by their owne wils , but by the strength of their inferiors . To require more of a beast than he can doe , is inhumane . The taske is not done : the taske-masters are beaten : the punishment lies where the charge is ; they must exact it of the people , Pharaoh of them . It is the miserie of those which are trusted with authoritie , that their inferiours faults are beaten vpon their backes . This was not the fault to require it of the taske-masters , but to require it by the taske-masters , of the people . Publike persons doe either good or ill with a thousand hands , and with no fewer shall receiue it . The birth and breediug of Moses . IT is a wonder that Amram the father of Moses ; would think of the marriage bed in so troublesome a times when he knew hee should beget children either to slauery , or slaughter : yet euen now in the heat of this bondage ▪ he marries Iochebed ▪ the drowning of his sonnes was not so great an euill , as his owne burning ; the thraldom of his daughters not so great an euill , as the subiection vnto sinfull desires . He therefore vses Gods remedy for his sinne ; and refers the sequell of his danger to God. How necessary is his imitation for those which haue not the power of containing ? Perhaps we would haue thought it better to liue childlesse : but Amram and Iochebed durst not incurre the danger of a sinne , to auoid the danger of a mischiefe . No doubt when Iochebed the mother of Moses saw a man-childe borne of her , and him beautifull and comely , she sell into extreme passion , to thinke that the executioners hand should succeede the Mid-wiues . All the time of her conception , shee could not but feare a sonne ; now shee sees him , and thinks of his birth and death at once ; her second throwes are more grieuous than her first . The paines of trauell in others are somewhat mitigated with hope , and counteruailed with ioy that a man-child is borne ; in her they are doubled with feare ; the remedie of others is her complaint : still shee lookes when some fierce Egyptian would come in , & snatch her new-borne infant out of her bosome ; whose comelinesse had now also added to her affection . Many times God writes presages of Maiestie and honour , euen in the faces of children . Little did shee thinke , that shee held in her lappe the deliuerer of Israel . It is good to hazard in greatest appearances of danger . If Iochebed had said , If I beare a son they will kill him , where had beene the great rescuer of Israel ? Happie is that resolution which can follow God hood-winkt , and let him dispose of the euent : When shee can no longer hide him in her wombe , she hides him in her house ; afraid lest euery of his cryings should guide the executioner to his cradle . And now she sees her treasure can be no longer hid , shee ships him in a barke of bulrushes , and commits him to the mercy of the waues , and ( which was more mercilesse ) to the danger of an Egyptian passenger , yet doth she not leaue him without a gardian . No tyrannie can forbid her to loue him , whom shee is forbidden to keepe : Her daughters eies must supply the place of her arms and if the weake affection of a mother were thus effectually carefull , what shall wee thinke of him whose loue , whose compassion is ( as himselfe ) infinite ? His eie , his hand cannot but be with vs , euen when wee forsake our selues : Moses had neuer a stronger protection about him , no not when all his Israelites were pitched about his tent in the wildernesse , than now when he lay sprauling alone vpon the waues : No water , no Egyptian can hurt him . Neither friend nor mother dare owne him , and now God challenges his custodie . When wee seeme most neglected , and forlorne in our selues , then is God most present , most vigilant . His prouidence brings Pharaohs daughter thither to wash her selfe . Those times looke for no great state : A Princesse comes to bath her selfe in the open stream : she meant only to wash her selfe , God fetches her thither to deliuer the deliuerer of his people . His designes goe beyond ours . We know not ( when wee set our foot ouer our threshold ) what hee hath to doe with vs. This euent seemed casuall to this Princesse , but predetermined , and prouided by God , before shee was : how wisely and sweetly God brings to passe his owne purposes in our ignorance and regardlesnesse . She saw the Arke , opens it , findes the childe weeping ; his beautie and his teares had God prouided for the strong perswasions of mercy . This yoong and liuely Oratorie preuailed . Her heart is stroke with compassion , and yet her tongue could say , it is an Hebrewes childe . See heere the mercifull daughter of a cruell father : It is an vncharitable and iniurious ground to iudge of the childs disposition by the parents . How well doth pitie beseeme great personages ? and most in extremities . It had beene death to another to rescue the childe of an Hebrew ; in her , it was safe and noble . It is an happie thing when great ones improue their places to so much more charitie as their libertie is more . Moses his sister finding the princesse compassionate , offers to procure a nurse , and fetches the mother , and who can bee so fit a nurse as a mother ? She now with glad hands receiues her childe , both with authority and reward . She would haue giuen al her substance for the life of her sonne ; and now shee hath a reward to nurse him . The exchange of the name of a mother for the name of a nurse hath gained her both her sonne , and his education , and with both , a recompence . Religion doth not call vs to a weake simplicity , but allows vs as much of the serpent , as of the Doue : Lawfull policies haue from God both libertie in the vse and blessing in the successe . The good Ladie did not breed him as some childe of almes , or as some wretched outcast for whom it might be fauor enough to liue ; but as her owne sonne . In all the delicacies , in all the learning of Egypt . Whatsoeuer the Court , or the Schoole could put into him , he wanted not ; yet all this could not make him forget that he was and Hebrew . Education workes wondrous changes , and is of great force either way , a little aduancement hath so puffed vp some aboue themselues , that they haue not only forgot their friends , but scorned their parents . All the honours of Egypt could not winne Moses not to call his nurse , mother : or weane him from a willing miserie with the Israelites . If we had Moses his faith , we could not but make his choice . It is onely our infidelity that bindes vs so fast to the world , and makes vs preferre the momentany pleasures of sinne , vnto that euerlasting recompence of reward . Hee went foorth and looked on the burdens of Israel . What needed Moses to haue afflicted himselfe with the afflictions of others ? Himselfe was at ease and pleasure in the Court of Pharaoh . A good heart cannot abide to be happy alone ; and must needes , vnbidden , share with others in their miseries . He is no true Moses that is not mooued with the calamities of Gods Church . To see an Egyptian smite an Hebrew , it smote him , and mooued him to smite . Hee hath no Israelitish blood in him , that can endure to see an Israelite striken either with hand or tongue . Heere was his zeale : where was his authoritie ? Doubtlesse Moses had an instinct from God of his magistracie ; else how should hee thinke they would haue vnderstood what himselfe did not ? Oppressions may not bee righted by violence , but by law . The redresse of euill by a person vnwarranted , is euill . Moses knew that God had called him , he knew that Pharaoh knew it not : therefore he hides the Egyptian in the sand . Those actions which may bee approoued vnto God , are not alwaies safe with men : as contrarily , too many things goe currant with men , that are not approoued of God. Another Hebrew is strucken , but by an Hebrew : the act is the same , the agents differ : neither doth their profession more differ , than Moses his proceedings . Hee giues blowes to the one : to the other , words . The blowes to the Egyptian were deadly ; the words to the Hebrew , gentle and plausible . As God makes a difference betwixt chastisements of his owne , and punishments of strange children : So must wise gouernours learne to distinguish of sinnes and iudgements , according to circumstances . How mildly doth Moses admonish ? Sirs , yee are brethren . If there had beene but any dramme of good nature in these Hebrewes , they had relented : now it is strange to see that being so vniuersally vexed with their common aduersarie , they should yet vex one another : One would haue thought that a common opposition should haue vnited them more , yet now priuate grudges doe thus dangerously diuide them . Blowes enow were not dealt by the Egyptians , their owne must adde to the violence . Still Satan is thus busie , and Christians are thus malicious , that ( as if they wanted enemies ) they flie in one anothers faces . While we are in this Egypt of the world , all vnkinde strifes would easily bee composed if wee did not forget that wee are brethren . Behold an Egyptian in the skinne of an Hebrew : How dogged an answer doth Moses receiue to so gentle a reproofe ? Who would not haue expected that this Hebrew had beene enough deiected with the common affliction ? But vexations may make some more miserable , not more humble . As wee see sickenesses make some tractable , others more froward ; It is no easie matter to beare a reproofe well ; if neuer so well tempered ; no sugar can bereaue a pill of his bitternesse : None but the gracious can say , Let the righteous smite me . Next to the not deseruing a reproofe is the well taking of it . But who is so ready to except and exclaime as the wrong-doer ? The patient replies not . One iniurie drawes on another , first to his brother , then to his reproouer . Guiltinesse will make a man stirre vpon euery touch : hee that was wronged , could incline to reconciliation : Malice makes men vncapable of good counsell ; and there are none so great enemies to iustice , as those which are enemies to peace . With what impatience doth a galled heart receiue an admonition ? This vnworthy Israelite is the patterne of a stomackfull offender , first he is moued to choller in himself : then he cals for the authoritie of the admonisher : A smal authoritie will serue for a louing admonition . It is the duty of men , much more of Christians to aduise against sinne ; yet this man askes who made thee a Iudge , for but finding fault with his iniury ▪ Then , hee aggrauates , and misconstrues ; Wilt thou kill mee ? when Moses meant onely to saue both . It was the death of his malice onely that was intended and the safety of his person . And lastly he vpbraids with former actions ; Thou killedst the Egyptian : What if he did ? What if vniustly ? What was this to the Hebrew ? Another mans sinne is no excuse for ours : A wicked heart neuer lookes inward to it selfe , but outward to the quality of the reprouer if that affoord exception , it is enough . As a dog runs first to reuenge on the stone : what matter is it to me who he be that admonishes me : let me look home into my self : let me look to his aduise . If that be good , it is more shame to me to be reprooued by an euill man. As a good mans allowance cannot warrant euill , so an euill mans reproofe may remedy euill : If this Hebrew had bin well pleased , Moses had not heard of his slaughter ; Now in choller all will out ; And if this mans tongue had not thus cast him in the teeth with blood , he had beene surprised by Pharaoh , ere he could haue known that the fact was known . Now he growes iealous , flees and escapes No friend is so commodious in some eases as an aduersary ; This wound which the Hebrew thought to giue Moses , saued his life . As it is good for a man to haue an enemy , so it shall be our wisedome to make vse of his most cholericke obiections . The woorst of an enemy , may prooue most soueraigne to our selues . Moses flees , It is no discomfort for a man to flee when his conscience pursues him not : Where Gods warrant will not protect vs , it is good for the heeels to supply the place of the tongue . Moses when he may not in Egipt , he will be doing iustice in Midian . In Egypt hee deliuers the oppressed Israelite . In Midian the wronged daughters of Iethro . A good man will be doing good , wheresoeuer he is ; His trade is a compound of charity and iustice as therfore euill dispositions cannot bee changed with ayres , no more will good . Now then hee sits him downe by a well in Midian . There hee might haue to drinke , but where to eat he knew not . The case was altered with Moses , to come from the dainties of the court of Egypt , to the hunger of the fields of Midian : It is a lesson that al Gods children must learne to take out , to want and to abound . Who can thinke strange of penury , when the great gouernour of Gods people once hath nothing ? Who would not haue thought in this case , Moses should haue bene hartlesse and sullen ; so cast downe with his owne complaints , that he should haue had no feeling of others ; yet how hote is hee vpon iustice ? No aduersitie can make a good man neglect good duties , hee sees the oppression of the shepheards , the image of that other hee left behind him in Egypt : The maids , ( daughters of so great a peere ) draw water for their flockes , the inhumane shepherds driue them away ; rudenesse hath no respect either to sexe , or condition ; If we liued not vnder lawes this were our case ; Might would bee the measure of iustice : we should not so much as enioy our owne water : vniust courses will not euer prosper : Moses shall rather come from Egypt to Midian to beate the shepheards , then they shall vexe the daughters of Iethro : This act of iustice was not better done than taken . Reuel requites it kindly with an hospitall entertainement . A good nature is ready to answer courtesies : we cannot do too much for a thankfull man. And if a courteous heathen reward the watering of a sheepe in this bountifull manner , how shal our God recompence but a cup of cold water , that is giuen to a disciple ? This sauor hath wonne Moses , who now consents to dwel with him , though out of the Church . Curiositie or whatsoeuer idle occasions may not draw vs ( for our residence ) out of the bounds of the Church of God : danger of life may ; wee loue not the Church if wee easily leaue it : if in a case of life , we leaue it not ( vpon opportunitie ) for a time of respite , wee loue not our selues . The worst part of Moses his requitall was his wife , one of those whom he had formerly protected . I doe not so much maruell that Iethro gaue him his daughter ( for he saw him valiant , wise , learned , nobly bred ) as that Moses would take her ; a stranger , both in blood and religion . I could plead for him necessitie : his own nation was shut vp to him ; if hee would haue tried to fetch a daughter of Israel , he had endangered to leaue himselfe behinde . I could pleade some correspondence in common principles of religion ; for doubtlesse Moses his zeale could not suffer him to smother the truth in himselfe : he should haue beene an vnfaithfull seruant , if hee had not beene his masters teacher . Yet neither of these can make this match either safe , or good . The euent bewraies it dangerously inconuenient . This choice had like to haue cost him deare : shee stood in his way for circumcision ; God stands in his way for reuenge . Though he was now in Gods message , yet might he not be for borne in this neglect . No circumstance , either of the dearenesse of the solicitour ▪ or our owne ingagement , can beare out a sinne with God : Those which are vnequally yoked , may not euer looke to draw one way . True loue to the person cannot long agree with dislike of the religion . He had need to be more than a man , that hath a Zipporah in his bosome , and would haue true zeale in his hart . All this while Moses his affection was not so tied to Midian , that he could forget Egypt . Hee was a stranger in Midian : what was he else in Egypt ? Surely either Egypt was not his home , or a miserable one ; and yet in reference to it , he cals his sonne Gershom , a stranger there . Much better was it to bee a stranger there , than a dweller in Egypt . How hardly can we forget the place of our abode or education , although neuer so homely ? And if hee so thought of his Egyptian home , where was nothing but bondage and tyrannie , how should wee thinke of that home of ours , aboue , where is nothing but rest and blessednesse ? Moses called . FOrty yeeres was Moses a courtier , and forty yeres ( after that ) a shepheard : That great men may not be ashamed of honest vocations , the greatest that euer were haue beene content to take vp with meane trades . The contempt of honest callings in those which are well borne , argues pride , without wit : How constantly did Moses sticke to his hooke ? and yet a man of great spirits , of excellent learning , of curious education , and if God , had not ( after his forty yeeres seruice ) called him off , he had so ended his daies . Humble resolutions are so much more heroical , as they fall into higher subiects . There can be no fitter disposition for a leader of Gods people , then constancy in his vndertakings , without either wearinesse , or change . How had he learned to subdue all ambitious desires , and to rest content with his obscurity . So hee might haue the freedome of his thoughts , and full opportunity of holy meditations , hee willingly leaues the world to others , and enuies not his proudest acquaintance of the Court of Pharaoh . Hee that hath true worth in himselfe , and familiarity with God , finds more pleasure in the desers of Midian , then others can doe in the pallaces of Kings . Whiles he is tending his sheep , God appeared vnto him , God neuer graces the ydle with his visions ; when hee findes vs in our callings , we find him in the tokens of his mercy : Satan appeares to the idle man in manifold tentations , or rather presents himselfe , and appeares not . God was euer with Moses , yet was hee not seene till now . Hee is neuer absent from his , but sometimes he makes their senses witnesses of his presence . In smal matters may be great wonders . That a bush should burne is no maruell , but that it shold not consume in burning , is iustly miraculous : God chooseth not euer great subiects wherein to exercise his power . It is enough that his power is great in the smallest . When I looke vpon this burning bush with Moses , me thinks I can neuer see a woorthier , and more liuely Embleme of the Church ; That in Egypt was the furnace yet wasted not . Since then how oft hath it bene flaming , neuer consumed . The same power that enlightens it , preserues it : and to none but his enemies is he a consuming fire ; Moses was a great Philosopher , but small skill would haue serued to know the nature of fire , and of the bush : that fire meeting with combustible matter could not but cōsume : If it had beene some solid woood it would haue yeelded later to the flame ; but bushes are of so quick dispatch , that the ioy of the wicked is compared to a fire of thorns . Hee noted it a while , saw it continued , & began to wonder . It was some maruel how it should come there ; but how it should continue without supply , yea without diminution of matter , was truely admirable : Doubtlesse hee went oft about it , and viewed it on all sides , and now when his eye and mind could meete with no likely causes , so farre off , resolues , I will go see it ; His curiosity ledde him neerer , and what could hee see but a bush and a flame which hee saw at first vnsatisfied ? It is good to come to the place of Gods presence , howsoeuer ; God may perhaps speake to thy heart , though thou come but for nouelty : Euen those which haue come vpon curiosity haue beene oft taken : Absence is without hope ; If Moses had not come , hee had not beene called out of the bush . To see a fire not consuming the bush , was much ; but to heere a speaking fire , this was more ; and to heare his own name out of the mouth of the fire , it was most of all . God makes way for his greatest messages by astonishment and admiration : as on the contrary , carelesnes carries vs to a more proficiency vnder the best means of God : If our hearts were more awfull , Gods messages would bee more effectuall to vs. In that appearance God meant to cal Moses to come ; yet when he is come inhibits him ; ( Come not hither ) We must come to God , wee must not come too neere him , when wee meditate of the great mysteries of his word , wee come to him : wee come too neere him when we search into his counsels . The Sunne and the fire say of themselues , Come not too neere , how much more the light which none can attaine vnto ? We haue all our limits set vs : The Gentiles might come into some outer courts , not into the inmost : The Iewes might come into the inner Court , not into the Temple : the Priests and Leuites into the Temple , not into the Holy of Holies ; Moses to the hill , not to the bush . The waues of the sea had not more need of bounds , than mans presumption . Moses must not come close to the bush at all ; and where he may stand , he may not stand with his shooes on . There is no vnholinesse in clothes : God prepared them for man at first , and that of skins ▪ lest any exception should be taken at the hides of dead beasts . This rite was significant . What are the shooes but worldly and carnall affections ? If these be not cast off when wee come to the holy place , wee make our selues vnholy ▪ how much lesse shold we dare to come with resolutions of sinne ? This is not onely to come with shooes on , but with shooes bemired with wicked filthinesse ; the touch whereof profanes the pauement of God , and makes our presence odious . Moses was the sonne of Amram , Amram of Kohath , Kohath of Leui , Leui of Iacob , Iacob of Isaac , Isaac of Abraham . God puts together both ends of his pedigree , I am the God of thy father , and of Abraham , Isaac , Iacob . If he had said only , I am thy God , it had beene Moses his duty to attend awfully ; but now that hee saies I am the God of thy Father , and of Abraham &c. He challenges reuerence by prescription . Any thing that was our Ancestors , pleases vs ; their houses ; their vessels , their cote-armour ; How much more their God ? How carefull should parents be to make holy choises ? Euery precedent of theirs are so many monuments and motiues to their posteritie . What an happinesse it is to bee borne of good parents : hence God claimes an interest in vs , and wee in him , for their sake . As many a man smarteth for his fathers sinne , so the goodnesse of others is crowned in a thousand generations . Neither doth God say , I was the God of Abraham , Isaac , Iacob ; but , I am . The Patriarkes still liue after so many thousand yeeres of dissolution . No length of time can separate the soules of the iust from their maker . As for their bodie , there is still a reall relation betwixt the dust of it , and the soule : and if the being of this part be more defectiue , the being of the other is more liuely , and doth more than recompence the wants of that earthly halfe . God could not describe himselfe by a more sweet name than this , I am the God of thy father , and of Abraham , &c. yet Moses hides his face for feare . If hee had said , I am the glorious God that made heauen and earth , that dwell in light inaccessible , whom the Angels cannot behold ; or , I am God the auenger , iust and terrible , a consuming fire to mine enemies , heere had beene iust cause of terrour . But ●hy was Moses so frighted with a familiar compellation ? God is no lesse awfull to his owne in his very mercies . Great is thy mercie that thou maist be feared : for to them , no lesse maiestie shines in the fauours of God , than in his iudgements and iustice . The wicked heart neuer feares God but thundring , or shaking the earth ▪ or raining fire from heauen ; but the good can dread him in his very sun-shine : his louing deliuerances and blessings affect them with awfulnes Moses was the true sonne of Iacob , who when hee saw nothing but visions of loue and mercy , could say , How dreadfull is this place ? I see Moses now at the bush hiding his face at so milde ● representation : heereafter we shall see him in this very mount betwixt heauen and earth , in thunder , lightning , smoke , earth-quakes , speaking mouth to mouth with God , bare faced , and fearelesse : God was then more terrible , but Moses was lesse strange . This was his first meeting with God ; further acquaintance makes him familiar , and familiarity makes him bold : Frequence of conuersation giues vs freedome of accesse to God ; and makes vs poure out our hearts to him as fully and as fearelesly as to our friends . In the meane time now at first he made not so much haste to see , but hee made as much to hide his eies : Twice did Moses hide his face ; once for the glory which God put vpon him , which made him so shine , that hee could not bee beheld of others ; once for Gods owne glory , which he could not behold . No maruell . Some of the creatures are too glorious for mortall eies : how much more when God appeares to vs in the easiest manner , must his glorie needs ouercome vs ? Behold the difference betwixt our present , and future estate : Then , the more maiestie of appearance , the more delight : when our sinne is quite gone , all our feare at Gods presence shall be turned into ioy . God appeared to Adam before his sinne with comfort , but in the same forme which after his sinne was terrible . And if Moses cannot abide to looke vpon Gods glory when he descends to vs in mercy , how shall wicked ones abide to see his fearefull presence when he sets vpon vengeance . In this fire hee flamed and consumed not , but in his reuenge our God is a consuming fire . First Moses hides himselfe in feare , now in modestie . Who am I ? None in all Egypt or Midian was comparably fit for this embassage . Which of the Israelites had beene brought vp a Courtier , a scholar , an Israelite by blood , by education an Egyptian learned , wise , valiant , experienced ? Yet , Who am I ? The more fit any man is for whatsoeuer vocation , the lesse he thinkes himselfe . Forwardnesse argues insufficiencie . The vnworthie thinkes still , Who am I not ? Modest beginnings giue hopefull proceedings , and happy endings . Once before , Moses had taken vpon him , and laid about him ; hoping then they would haue knowen that by his hand God meant to deliuer Israel : but now when it comes to the point , Who am I ? Gods best seruants are not euer in an equall disposition to good duties . If wee finde differences in our selues sometimes , it argues that grace is not our owne . It is our frailtie , that those seruices which wee are forward to , aloofe off , wee shrinke at , neere hand , and fearefully misse-giue . How many of vs can bid defiances to death , and suggest answers to absent tentations , which when they come home to vs , wee flie off , and change our note , and instead of action , expostulate ? The plagues of Egypt . IT is too much honour for flesh and blood to receiue a message from heauen , yet here God sends a message to man , and is repulsed : well may God aske , who is man that I should regard him , but for man to aske who is the Lorde , is a bolde and proud blasphemy . Thus wilde is nature at the first ; but ere God haue done with Pharaoh , he will be knowne of him , he will make himselfe knowne by him , to all the world : God might haue swept him away suddenly . How vnworthy is he of life , who with the same breath that hee receiues , denies the giuer of it : But he would haue him conuinced , ere he were punished ; First therefore hee workes miracles before him , then vpon him . Pharaoh was now from a staffe of protection and sustentation to Gods people , turned to a serpent that stung them to death ; God shewes him himselfe in this reall embleme ; doing that suddenly before him , which Satan had wrought in him by leasure ; And now when hee crawles and winds , and hisses , threatning perill to Israel , hee shewes him how in an instant , he can turne him into a sencelesse sticke , and make him if not vsefull , yet fearelesse : The same God which wrought this , giues Satan leaue to imitate it ; the first plague that he ment to inflict vpon Pharaoh , is delusion : God can be content the Diuell should win himselfe credit , where hee meanes to iudge , and holds the honour of a miracle well lost , to harden an enemy , Yet to show that his miracle was of power , the others of permission ; Moses his serpent deuours theirs ; how easily might the Egyptians haue thought , that he which caused their serpent not to be , could haue kept it from being , and that they which could not keepe their Serpent from deuouring , could not secure them from being consumed ; but wise thoughts enter not into those that must perish . All Gods iudgements stand ready , and waite but till they be called for . They need but a watch-word to bee giuen them : No sooner is the rodde lift vp , but they are gone forth into the world , presently the waters runne into bloud , the frogs and lice craule about , and al the other troupes of God come rushing in vpon his aduersaries : All creatures conspire to reuenge the iniuries of God. If the Egyptians looke vpward , there they haue thunder , lightning , hayle , tempests , one while no light at all , another while such fearfull flashes as had more terror , then darknes . If they looke vnder them , there they see their waters changed into blood , their earth swarming with frogs and grassehoppers : If about them , one while the flyes fill both their eyes and eares , another while they see their fruites destroyed , their cattell dying , their children dead . If lastly they looke vpon themselues , they see themselues loathsome with lice , painful and deformed with scabs , biles and botches . First God begins his iudgement with the waters . As the riuer of Nilus was to Egypt in steed of heauen to moisten and fatten the earth ; so their confidence was more in it then in heauen ; Men are sure to bee punisht most and soonest , in that which they make a corriuall with God. They had before defiled the riuers with the bloud of innocents ; and now it appeares to them , in his owne colour . The waters will no longer keepe their counsell : Neuer any man delighted in blood , which had not enough of it , ere his end : they shed but some few streames , and now behold whole riuers of blood : Neither was this more a monument of their slaughter , past , then an image of their future destruction . They were afterwards ouerwhelmed in the redde sea , and now before-hand they see their riuers redde with blood . How dependant and seruile is the life of man , that cannot either want one element , or endure it corrupted ; It is hard to say whether there were more horrour , or annoyance in this plague . They complain of thirst , and yet doubt whether they should dye , or quench it with bloud . Their fish ( the chiefe part of their sustenance ) dyes with infection , and infecteth more by being dead . The stench of both is ready to poyson the inhabitants ; yet Pharaohs curiosity carries him away quite from the sense of the iudgement , hee had rather send for his magicians to worke feats , then to humble himselfe vnder God for the remooual of this plague ; And God plagues his curiosity with deceipt , those whom he trusts , shall vndoe him with preuailing ; the glory of a second miracle shall be obscured by a false imitation , for a greater glory to God in the sequell . The rod is lift vp againe , Behold , that Nilus which they had before adored , was neuer so beneficiall as it is now troublesome ; yeelding them not onely a dead , but a liuing annoyance : It neuer did so store them with fish , as now it plagues them with frogs ; Whatsoeuer any man makes his God , besides the true one , shall bee once his tormenter . Those loathsome creatures leaue their owne element to punish them , which rebelliously detained Israell from their owne . No bed , no table can be free from them , their dainty Ladies cannot keep them out of their bosomes ; neither can the Egyptians sooner open their mouthes , than they are ready to creepe into their throats ; as if they would tell them that they came on purpose to reuenge the wrongs of their maker : yet euen this wonder also is Satan allowed to imitate . Who can maruell to see the best vertues counterfeited by wicked men , when hee sees the diuell emulating the miraculous power of God ? The feates that Satan plaies may harden , but cannot benefit . Hee that hath leaue to bring frogs , hath neither leaue , nor power , to take them away , nor to take away the stench from them . To bring them , was but to adde to the iudgement ; to remooue them , was an act of mercy . God doth commonly vse Satan in executing of iudgement , neuer in the workes of mercie to men . Yet euen by thus much is Pharaoh hardned , and the sorcerers growen insolent . When the diuell and his agents are in the height of their pride , GOD shames them in a trifle . The rod is lift vp : the very dust receiues life : lice abound euery where , and make no difference betwixt beggers and Princes . Though Pharaoh and his Courtiers abhorred to see themselues louzie , yet they hoped this miracle would be more easily imitable : but now the greater possibilitie , the greater foile . How are the great wonder-mongers of Egypt abashed that they can neither make lice of their owne , nor deliuer themselues from the lice that are made . Those that could make serpents and frogs , could not either make or kill lice ; to shew them that those frogs and serpents were not their owne workmanship . Now Pharaoh must needs see how impotent a diuell hee serued , that could not make that vermine which euery day rises voluntarily out of corruption . Iannes and Iambres cannot now make those lice ( so much as by delusion ) which at another time they cannot chuse but produce vnknowing , and which now they cannot auoid . That spirit which is powerfull to execute the greatest things when hee is bidden , is vnable to doe the least when he is restrained . Now these corriuals of Moses can say , This is the finger of God. Yee foolish Inchanters , was Gods finger in the lice , not in the frogs , not in the blood , not in the serpent ? And why was it rather in the lesse , than in the greater ? Because yee did imitate the other , not these . As if the same finger of God had not beene before in your imitation , which was now in your restraint : As if yee could haue failed in these , if yee had not beene only permitted the other . Whiles wicked mindes haue their full scope , they neuer looke vp aboue themselues ; but when once God crosses them in their proceedings , their want of successe teaches them to giue God his owne . All these plagues perhaps had more horror than paine in them . The frogges creepe vpon their clothes , the lice vpon their skins , but those stinging hornets which succeed them , shall wound and kill . The water was annoied with the first plague , the earth with the second and third ; this fourth fils the aire , and besides corruption brings smart . And that they may see this winged armie comes out from an angrie God , ( not either from nature , or chance ) euen the very flies shall make a difference betwixt Egypt , and Goshen . He that gaue them their being , sets them their stint . They can no more sting an Israelite , than fauour an Egyptian . The very wings of flies are directed by a prouidence , and doe acknowledge their limits . Now Pharaoh findes how impossible it is for him to stand out with God , since all his power cannot rescue him from lice and flies . And now his heart begins to thaw a little : Goe , doe sacrifice to your God in this land ; or ( since that will not be accepted ) Go into the wildernesse , but not far : but how soone it knits againe ! Good thoughts make but a thorow-fare of carnall hearts , they can neuer settle there : yea his very misse-giuing hardens him the more : that now neither the murren of his cattle , nor the botches of his seruants can stirre him a whit . Hee saw his cattle strucke dead with a sudden contagion ; he saw his sorcerers ( after their contestation with Gods messengers ) strucke with a scabbe in their very faces , and yet his heart is not strucke . Who would think it possible that any soule could bee secure in the midst of such varietie , and frequence of iudgements ? These very plagues haue not more wonder in them , than their successe hath . To what an height of obduration will sinne leade a man , and of all sinnes , incredulity ? Amidst all these storms Pharaoh sleepeth , till the voice of Gods mightie thunders , and haile mixed with fire rouzed him vp a little . Now as betwixt sleeping and waking , hee starts vp , and saies , God is righteous , I am wicked , Moses pray for vs , and presently laies downe his head againe . God hath no sooner done thundring , than hee hath done fearing . All this while you neuer finde him carefull to preuent any one euill , but desirous still to shift it off when he feeles it ; neuer holds constant to any good motion ; neuer praies for himselfe , but carelesly willes Moses and Aaron to pray for him ; neuer yeelds God his whole demand , but higgleth and dodgeth , like some hard chapman , that would get a release with the cheapest : First , they shall not go ; then , goe and sacrifice , but in Egypt ; next , goe sacrifice in the wildernesse , but not farre off ; after , goe ye that are men ; then , goe you and your children only ; at last , goe all saue your sheepe and cattle . Wheresoeuer meere nature is , she is still improuident of future good , sensible of present euill , inconstant in good purposes , vnable , through vnacquaintance , and vnwilling to speake for her selfe , niggardly in her grants , and vncheerfull . The plague of the grashoppers startled him a little ; and the more , through the importunitie of his seruants : for when he considered the fish destroied with the first blow , the cattle with the fifth , the corne with the seuenth , the fruit and leaues with this eighth , and nothing now left him but a bare fruitlesse earth to liue vpon , and that , couered ouer with locusts , necessitie droue him to relent for an aduantage : Forgiue mee this once ; take from me this death only . But as constrained repentance is euer short and vnsound ; the West winde together with the grashoppers blowes away his remorse ; and now is hee ready for another iudgement . As the grashoppers tooke away the sight of the earth from him , so now a grosse darknesse takes away the sight of heauen too : other darknesses were but priuatiue , this was reall and sensible . The Egyptians thought this night long , ( how could they chuse , when it was six in one ? ) and so much the more , for that no man could rise to talke with other , but was necessarily confined to his owne thoughts : One thinkes , the fault in his owne eies , which hee rubs often times in vaine : Others thinke that the Sunne is lost out of the firmament , and is now with-drawen for euer : Others , that all things are returning to their first confusion : All thinke themselues miserable past remedie , and wish ( whatsoeuer had befallen them ) that they might haue had but light enough to see themselues die . Now Pharaoh prooues like to some beasts that grow mad with baiting : grace often resisted turns to desperatenesse ; Get thee from mee , looke thou see my face no more ; whensoeuer thou commest in my sight , thou shalt die . As if Moses could not plague him as well in absence : As if hee that could not take away the lice , flies , frogges , grashoppers , could at his pleasure take away the life of Moses that procured them . What is this but to run vpon the iudgements , and runne away from the remedies ? Euermore , when Gods messengers are abandoned , destruction is neere . Moses will see him no more till he see him dead vpon the sands ; but God will now visit him more than euer : The fearefullest plagues God still reserues for the vpshot : All the former doe but make way for the last . Pharaoh may exclude Moses and Aaron , but Gods Angell hee cannot exclude : Insensible messengers are vsed , when the visible are debarred . Now God beginnes to call for the blood they owned him : In one night euery house hath a carcase in it and ( which is more grieuous ) of their first borne , and ( which is yet more fearefull ) in an instant . No man could comfort other ; euery man was too full of his owne sorrow , helping rather to make the noise of the lamentation more dolefull , and astonishing . How soone hath God changed the note of this tyrannicall people ! Egypt was neuer so stubborne in deniing passage to Israel , as now importunate to intreat it : Pharaoh did not more force them to stay before , than now to depart : whom lately they would not permit , now they hire to go . Their rich iewels of siluer and gold were not too deare for them whom they hated ; how much rather had they to send them away wealthy , than to haue them stay to bee their executors ? Their loue to themselues obtained of them the inriching of their enemies ; and now they are glad to pay them well for their old worke , and their present iourney : Gods people had staid like slaues , they goe away like conquerours , with the spoile of those that hated them : armed for securitie , and wealthie for maintenance . Old Iacobs seuenty souls which he brought downe into Egypt in spight of their bondage & bloodshed , goe foorth six hundred thousand men , besides children . The world is well mended with Israel since he went with his staffe and scrippe ouer Iordan . Tyrannie is too weake , where God bids Increase and multiplie . I know not where else the good hearbe ouer-growes the weedes ; the Church out-strips the world . I feare if they had liued in ease and delicacie , they had not beene so strong , so numerous . Neuer any true Israelite lost by his affliction . Not only for the action , but the time , Pharaohs choice meets with Gods. That very night , when the 130. yeeres were expired , Israel is gone , Pharaoh neither can , nor can will to keepe them longer ; yet in this , not fulfilling Gods will , but his owne . How sweetly doth God dispose of all second causes , that whiles they doe their owne will , they do his ? The Israelites are equally glad of this haste : who would not be ready to goe , yea to flie out of bondage ? They haue what they wished ; it was no staying for a second inuitation . The losse of an opportunitie is many times vnrecouerable : The loue of their libertie made the burden of their dough light : who knew whether the variable minde of Pharaoh might returne to a deniall , and ( after all his stubbornenesse ) repent of his obedience ? It is foolish to hazard where there is certaintie of good offers , and vncertainetie of continuance . They goe therfore ; and the same God that fetcht them out , is both their guide and protector . How carefully doth hee chuse their way ? not the neerer , but the safer . He would not haue his people so suddenly change from bondage to warre . It is the wondrous mercy of God that he hath respect , as to his owne glory , so to our infirmities . He intends them wars heereafter , but after some longer breathing , and more preparation ; his goodnes so orders all , that euils are not ready for vs , till wee be ready for them . And as hee chuses , so hee guides their way . That they might not erre in that sandy and vntracked wildernesse , himselfe goes before them : who could but follow cheerefully when hee sees God leade him ? He that lead the wise men by a starre , leads Israel by a cloud : That was an higher obiect , therefore hee giues them an higher and more heauenly conduct : This was more earthly , therefore he contents himselfe with a lower representation of his presence . A piller of cloud and fire : A piller , for firmnesse ; of cloud and fire , for visibilitie and vse . The greater light extinguishes the lesse , therefore in the day he shewes them not fire , but a cloud : In the night nothing is seene without light ; therefore he shewes them not the cloud , but fire : The cloud shelters them from heat by day ; the fire digests the rawnesse of the night . The same God is both a cloud and a fire to his children , euer putting himselfe into those formes of gracious respects , that may best fit their necessities . As good motions are long ere they can enter into hard hearts , so they seldome continue long . No sooner were the backes of Israel turned to depart , than Pharaohs heart and face is turned after them , to fetch them backe againe . It vexes him to see so great a command , so much wealth cast away in one night ; which now he resolues to redeeme , though with more plagues . The same ambition and couetousnesse that made him weare out so many iudgements , will not leaue him , till it haue wrought out his full destrustruction . All Gods vengeances haue their end , the finall perdition of his enemies , which they cannot rest till they haue attained : Pharaoh therefore and his Egyptians will needs go fetch their bane . They well knew that Israel was fitter to serue than to fight ; weary with their seruitude , not trained vp to warre , not furnished with prouision for a field : Themselues captaines and souldiers by profession , furnished with horses , and chariots of war. They gaue themselues therefore the victory beforehand , and Israel either for spoile or bondage : yea the weake Israelites gaue vp themselues for dead , and already are talking of their graues . They see the sea before them ; behinde them , the Egyptians : they know not whether is more mercilesse , and are strucken with the feare of both . O God , how couldest thou forbeare so distrustfull a people ! They had seene all thy wonders in Egypt , and in their Goshen ; they saw euen now thy piller before them , and yet they did more feare Egypt than beleeue thee . Thy patience is no lesse miracle than thy deliuerance . But in stead of remoouing from them , the cloudy piller remooues behinde them , and stands betwixt the Israelites and Egyptians : as if God would haue said , They shall first ouercome mee , O Israel , ere they touch thee . Wonder did now iustly striue with feare in the Israelites , when they saw the cloud remooue behinde them , and the sea remooue before them . They were not vsed to such bulwarkes . God stood behinde them in the cloud ; the sea reared them vp walles on both sides them . That which they feared would be their destruction , protected them : how easily can God make the cruellest of his creatures both our friends and patrons ? Yet heere was faith mixed with vnbeleefe . Hee was a bold Israelite that set the first foot into the channell of the sea : and euery steppe that they set in that moist way , was a new exercise of their faith . Pharaoh sees all this , and wonders ; yet hath not the wit or grace to thinke ( though the piller tels him so much ) that God made a difference betwixt him , and Israel . Hee is offended with the sea , for giuing way to his enemies , and yet sees not why hee may not trust it as well as they . Hee might well haue thought that hee which gaue light in Goshen , when there was darknesse in Egypt , could as well distinguish in the sea : but hee cannot now either consider , or feare : It is his time to perish . God makes him faire way , and lets him run smoothly on till hee be come to the midst of the sea ; not one waue may rise vp against him to wet so much as the hoofe of his horse . Extraordinary fauours to wicked men are the fore-runners of their ruine . Now when God sees the Egyptians too farre to returne , he findes time to strike them with their last terrour : they know not why , but they would returne too late . Those Chariots in which they trusted , now faile them , as hauing done seruice enough to carry them into perdition . God pursues them , and they cannot flie from him . Wicked men make equall haste both to sinne , and from iudgement : but they shall one day finde that it is not more easie to runne into sinne , than impossible to runne away from iudgement : the sea will shew them , that it regards the rod of Moses , not the scepter of Pharaoh ; and now ( as gladde to haue got the enemies of God at such an aduantage ) shuts her mouth vpon them , and swallowes them vp in her waues , and after shee hath made sport with them a while , casts them vp on her sands , for a spectacle of triumph to their aduersaries . What a sight was this to the Israelites , when they were now safe on the shore to see their enemies come floating after them vpon the billowes , and to finde among the carcases vpon the sands , their knowen oppressors , which now they can tread vpon with insultation . They did not crie more loud before , than now they sing . Not their faith , but their sense teaches them now to magnifie that God after their deliuerance , whom they hardly trusted for deliuerance . FINIS .