The first lecture of an introduction to cosmographie: being a description of all the vvorld. Read publiquely at Sr. Balthazar Gerbiers academy. Imprimatur, Hen: Scobell, Cleric: Parliamenti.
         Gerbier, Balthazar, Sir, 1592?-1667.
      
       
         This text is an enriched version of the TCP digital transcription A85919 of text R206228 in the  English Short Title Catalog (Thomason E584_6). Textual changes  and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more  computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life.  The text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with  MorphAdorner. The annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). Textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish.  This text has not been fully proofread 
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             The first lecture of an introduction to cosmographie: being a description of all the vvorld. Read publiquely at Sr. Balthazar Gerbiers academy. Imprimatur, Hen: Scobell, Cleric: Parliamenti.
             Gerbier, Balthazar, Sir, 1592?-1667.
             England and Wales. Parliament.
          
           [4], 16, [2] p.
           
             for Robert Ibbitson dwelling in Smithfield neer Hosier Lane,
             Printed at London :
             1649.
          
           
             The last leaf is blank.
             Annotation on Thomason copy: "Decemb: 1st".
             Reproduction of the original in the British Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
         eng
      
       
         
           Astronomy -- Early works to 1800.
           Cosmography -- Early works to 1800.
        
      
    
       A85919  R206228  (Thomason E584_6).  civilwar no The first lecture of an introduction to cosmographie::  being a description of all the vvorld. Read publiquely at Sr. Balthazar Gerbiers aca Gerbier, Balthazar, Sir 1649    5330 4 0 0 0 0 0 8 B  The  rate of 8 defects per 10,000 words puts this text in the B category of texts with fewer than 10 defects per 10,000 words. 
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           The
           FIRST
           LECTURE
           of
           an
           Introduction
           to
           COSMOGRAPHIE
           :
           BEING
           A
           Description
           of
           all
           the
           VVORLD
           .
        
         
           Read
           Publiquely
           at
           Sr.
           Balthazar
           Gerbiers
           ACADEMY
           .
        
         
           PSALM
           .
           8.
           ver.
           3.
           4.
           
        
         
           When
           I
           consider
           the
           Heavens
           ,
           the
           work
           of
           thy
           fingers
           ,
           the
           Moon
           and
           the
           Starres
           which
           thou
           hast
           ordained
           :
           What
           is
           man
           ,
           that
           thou
           art
           mindfull
           of
           him
           ,
           and
           the
           Son
           of
           man
           that
           thou
           visitest
           him
           ?
        
         
           Imprimatur
           ,
           
             Hen
             :
             Scobell
             ,
             Cleric
             :
             Parliamenti
             .
          
        
         
           Printed
           at
           
             London
          
           for
           
             Robert
             Ibbitson
          
           dwelling
           in
           Smithfield
           neer
           
             Hosier
             Lane
             ,
          
           1649.
           
        
      
       
       
         
           To
           the
           Right
           Honorable
           
             William
             Lenthall
          
           Esq
           ;
           SPEAKER
           Of
           the
           most
           Honourable
           Assembly
           of
           
             PARLIAMENT
             .
          
        
         
           
             Right
             Honourable
             ,
          
        
         
           
             I
          
           Shall
           not
           need
           (
           as
           I
           humbly
           conceive
           )
           to
           seek
           farre
           for
           a
           just
           argument
           that
           the
           Dedication
           of
           this
           Lecture
           (
           being
           an
           
             Introduction
             to
             Cosmography
             ,
          
           read
           in
           the
           Academy
           ,
           which
           I
           doe
           zealously
           labour
           to
           settle
           ,
           for
           the
           glory
           of
           God
           ,
           the
           honor
           of
           this
           Nation
           ,
           the
           encouragement
           and
           
             improvement
          
           of
           all
           
             Lovers
             of
             Vertue
             :
          
           )
           belongs
           to
           your
           eminent
           place
           of
           Trust
           ,
           And
           from
           whose
           determinations
           ,
           as
           from
           the
           highest
           Influences
           of
           so
           many
           Stars
           ,
           guide
           ,
           direct
           ,
           move
           ,
           and
           preserve
           the
           whole
           Body
           of
           this
           
             Common
             wealth
             .
          
        
         
           My
           
             Academy-Reader
          
           in
           part
           to
           make
           good
           my
           more
           large
           intentions
           ,
           having
           begun
           with
           
             Cosmography
          
           (
           as
           the
           most
           noble
           subject
           to
           read
           on
           )
           presents
           therefore
           these
           his
           first
           productions
           to
           your
           honourable
           hands
           ,
           as
           an
           unquestionable
           duty
           ,
           and
           with
           all
           Submissivenesse
           ,
           and
           possible
           reverence
           ,
           wishing
           that
           the
           
           State
           may
           please
           not
           only
           to
           protect
           these
           hopefull
           beginnings
           ,
           but
           likewise
           to
           cherish
           and
           promote
           them
           .
        
         
           That
           all
           
             Lovers
             of
             Vertue
          
           may
           receive
           content
           and
           profit
           thereby
           ,
           and
           the
           Nation
           glory
           ,
           that
           such
           capable
           spirits
           need
           not
           to
           runne
           unto
           
             Salamanca
          
           in
           
             Spaine
             ,
          
           to
           
             Padua
          
           in
           
             Italy
             ,
          
           no●
           to
           
             Paris
          
           in
           
             France
             ,
          
           there
           to
           seek
           (
           with
           hazard
           of
           their
           godlinesse
           ,
           goodnesse
           and
           Loyalty
           to
           their
           Native
           Country
           )
           that
           which
           they
           may
           have
           at
           home
           ,
           with
           more
           ease
           and
           safety
           ,
           and
           with
           lesse
           charge
           to
           themselves
           .
        
         
           And
           if
           in
           this
           case
           the
           lawfull
           interest
           of
           a
           particular
           zealous
           well-wisher
           to
           the
           State
           may
           be
           comprehended
           ,
           I
           shall
           with
           a
           joyfull
           confidence
           conclude
           ,
           that
           I
           have
           not
           been
           ill-perswaded
           thereunto
           ,
           nor
           can
           
             I
          
           have
           a
           greater
           hope
           ,
           or
           reap
           a
           greater
           contentment
           ,
           than
           by
           putting
           my
           hand
           to
           so
           good
           a
           work
           ,
           which
           giving
           me
           an
           assured
           confidence
           that
           my
           indeavours
           may
           meet
           with
           a
           favourable
           acceptance
           from
           Your
           Honour
           ,
           unto
           whom
           
             I
          
           shall
           remaine
           as
           
             I
          
           was
           long
           since
           ,
        
         
           
             Your
             Honours
             most
             humble
             and
             most
             obedient
             Servant
             ,
             Balthazar
             Gerbier
             .
          
           
             From
             the
             Academy
             
               
                 this
                 28
                 of
                 Novemb.
              
               1649.
               
            
          
        
      
    
     
       
       
         
           The
           First
           Introduction
           to
           
             COSMOGRAPHY
             .
          
        
         
           
             COSMOGRAPHY
          
           is
           the
           description
           of
           the
           celestiall
           and
           elementary
           Region
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           celestiall
           Region
           ,
           we
           learne
           to
           know
           Heaven
           ,
           its
           matter
           ,
           its
           qualities
           ;
           The
           Planets
           ,
           their
           motions
           ,
           and
           their
           order
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           In
           the
           Elementary
           Region
           ,
           we
           see
           the
           most
           admirable
           construction
           of
           the
           Elements
           ,
           the
           which
           by
           their
           unequall
           proportioned
           assemblings
           ,
           do
           compose
           the
           severall
           sorts
           of
           kindes
           ,
           of
           mixt
           ones
           ,
           which
           wee
           see
           here
           below
           .
        
         
           All
           this
           we
           shall
           particularly
           describe
           with
           their
           qualities
           ,
           properties
           ,
           and
           scituations
           .
        
         
           And
           in
           that
           Region
           which
           seemes
           for
           a
           Center
           unto
           the
           universall
           world
           ,
           we
           shall
           see
           an
           innumerable
           number
           of
           most
           remarkable
           ,
           satisfying
           and
           most
           necessary
           things
           to
           be
           observed
           ,
           
             viz.
          
           The
           proofes
           of
           its
           circular
           forme
           :
           whether
           the
           Earth
           or
           Water
           exceeds
           the
           one
           or
           the
           other
           in
           quantity
           :
           The
           scourses
           
           or
           heads
           of
           Springs
           and
           Floods
           ,
           the
           smallnesse
           of
           the
           terrestriall
           globe
           ,
           not
           onely
           in
           comparison
           of
           the
           Heavens
           ,
           but
           also
           of
           the
           Sun
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           Stars
           :
           And
           how
           that
           the
           said
           Earth
           may
           be
           measured
           ,
           both
           on
           its
           superficies
           ,
           and
           on
           its
           solidity
           .
        
         
           Afterwards
           we
           shall
           describe
           the
           circles
           which
           are
           to
           be
           imagined
           in
           the
           Heavens
           ,
           That
           so
           we
           may
           learn
           the
           course
           of
           the
           Planets
           ,
           and
           the
           various
           effects
           which
           we
           feele
           by
           them
           .
        
         
           As
           the
           causes
           of
           their
           rising
           and
           setting
           ,
           of
           the
           Summer
           and
           Winter
           ,
           of
           the
           long
           and
           the
           short
           dayes
           ,
           So
           also
           we
           must
           have
           regard
           to
           the
           
             Solstices
             ,
          
           and
           
             Equinoxes
             ,
          
           from
           whence
           the
           different
           constitutions
           of
           the
           Earth
           do
           proceed
           ,
           and
           severall
           other
           things
           ,
           the
           curiosity
           whereof
           ,
           as
           its
           extreame
           commendable
           ,
           so
           its
           familiar
           incidents
           prove
           altogether
           necessary
           unto
           those
           who
           are
           desirous
           to
           passe
           for
           men
           of
           knowledge
           and
           understanding
           .
        
         
           And
           that
           we
           may
           end
           in
           our
           owne
           sphere
           ,
           we
           will
           finish
           with
           a
           Lecture
           on
           the
           Meteors
           ,
           wherein
           all
           the
           impressions
           that
           are
           made
           as
           well
           of
           Fire
           ,
           as
           of
           the
           Aire
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           water
           ;
           both
           in
           the
           high
           ,
           middle
           ,
           and
           low
           Region
           of
           the
           Aire
           ,
           shall
           be
           clearly
           shewed
           and
           set
           forth
           unto
           our
           view
           .
        
         
           That
           is
           to
           say
           ,
           whence
           the
           fiery
           impressions
           proceed
           ,
           and
           how
           those
           impressions
           are
           framed
           which
           are
           seen
           in
           the
           high
           Region
           of
           the
           Ayre
           ,
           
             viz.
          
           Like
           unto
           fiery
           Darts
           ,
           Launces
           ,
           Flying
           Stars
           ,
           and
           Commets
           ,
           and
           how
           it
           happens
           that
           the
           Heavens
           themselves
           seem
           to
           be
           sometimes
           al
           on
           fire
           ,
           whence
           the
           lightening
           ,
           thunder
           and
           thunderbolts
           proceeds
           :
           whence
           the
           wild
           fire
           ,
           glow-wormes
           ,
           and
           such
           like
           ,
           have
           their
           being
           :
           And
           so
           consequently
           ,
           
           we
           will
           treate
           of
           the
           impressions
           framed
           in
           the
           Aire
           ,
           as
           the
           winds
           ,
           stormes
           ,
           and
           the
           whirlewindes
           :
           Those
           of
           the
           Waters
           ,
           as
           the
           Clouds
           ,
           Raine
           ,
           Snow
           ,
           and
           Hail
           ,
           which
           are
           framed
           in
           the
           middlemost
           Region
           .
           Then
           we
           will
           proceed
           to
           describe
           other
           impressions
           which
           are
           not
           real
           ones
           ,
           as
           that
           Crown
           of
           resplendant
           rayes
           ,
           which
           seems
           to
           be
           about
           the
           Sun
           ,
           the
           Rain-bow
           ,
           and
           the
           like
           ;
           from
           thence
           we
           shall
           descend
           lower
           ,
           and
           observe
           from
           whence
           all
           Fogs
           ,
           Dewes
           ,
           Mists
           ,
           Frosts
           ,
           and
           Ice
           proceeds
           .
        
         
           Finally
           ,
           we
           will
           end
           with
           the
           three
           kinds
           or
           species
           contained
           in
           the
           Earth
           ,
           as
           Mineralls
           ,
           Vegetables
           ,
           and
           Animalls
           ;
           observing
           in
           the
           Mineralls
           ,
           their
           generation
           in
           the
           bowells
           of
           the
           Earth
           ,
           their
           qualities
           ,
           and
           connexions
           ,
           and
           how
           they
           chance
           to
           be
           seven
           ,
           correspondent
           to
           the
           seven
           Planets
           .
        
         
           Moreover
           we
           will
           treate
           of
           all
           kind
           of
           Stones
           ,
           as
           also
           of
           the
           sappes
           conducing
           in
           the
           Mines
           ,
           like
           unto
           Vitriol
           ,
           Allum
           ,
           and
           such
           like
           ,
           which
           depend
           of
           these
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           ingendering
           of
           the
           vegetables
           ,
           we
           are
           to
           consider
           the
           nature
           of
           plants
           ,
           their
           faculties
           in
           producing
           their
           severall
           effects
           ,
           and
           their
           multiplying
           by
           their
           seed
           ;
           after
           all
           ,
           wee
           will
           conclude
           with
           the
           Animalls
           ,
           the
           which
           besides
           their
           vegetating
           Soule
           and
           faculty
           of
           budding
           ,
           and
           shooting
           forth
           ,
           have
           over
           and
           above
           the
           sensitive
           part
           ,
           which
           gives
           them
           both
           feeling
           and
           motion
           ,
           and
           these
           are
           much
           esteemed
           above
           the
           Plants
           ,
           all
           their
           organs
           ,
           and
           naturall
           parts
           being
           much
           perfecter
           then
           those
           of
           the
           others
           .
           But
           of
           these
           these
           are
           two
           sorts
           ,
           the
           rationall
           and
           irrationall
           ,
           Man
           and
           Beast
           ;
           but
           we
           shall
           leave
           the
           beasts
           ,
           for
           to
           speake
           of
           rationall
           creatures
           ,
           it
           being
           more
           proper
           in
           this
           place
           ,
           
           Let
           us
           then
           say
           that
           man
           ,
           far
           more
           worthy
           then
           all
           other
           things
           ,
           was
           created
           by
           God
           ,
           for
           that
           by
           his
           word
           all
           things
           were
           made
           ,
           
             fiat
             lux
             ,
             Genesis
          
           the
           second
           ,
           and
           the
           light
           straight
           appeared
           :
           But
           when
           God
           came
           to
           make
           man
           ,
           he
           formed
           him
           ,
           
             Formavit
             Dominus
             Deus
             Hominem
             de
             Lima
             Terrae
             :
             Et
             inspiravit
             in
             faciem
             ejus
             spiraculum
             vitae
             ,
             &
             factus
             est
             homo
             in
             animam
             viventem
             ,
          
           And
           both
           animated
           and
           endowed
           him
           (
           besides
           the
           precedent
           said
           qualities
           )
           with
           an
           intellectual
           soule
           ,
           of
           which
           both
           the
           understanding
           and
           wil
           of
           man
           depends
           .
        
         
           Now
           let
           us
           consider
           I
           beseech
           you
           ,
           how
           the
           Mercy
           of
           God
           hath
           alwayes
           augmented
           some
           degree
           of
           perfection
           in
           each
           Body
           ,
           for
           to
           compleate
           in
           man
           a
           fulnesse
           of
           the
           perfection
           of
           all
           his
           workes
           ,
           and
           how
           hee
           hath
           placed
           him
           as
           a
           King
           to
           command
           over
           ,
           and
           to
           make
           use
           of
           the
           aforesaid
           things
           ,
           
             Et
             praesit
             piscibus
             Maris
             ,
             &
             volatilibus
             Coeli
             ,
          
           &
           
             bestiis
             universaque
             Terra
             ,
             omnique
             reptili
             quod
             movetur
             in
             Terra
             .
          
           All
           which
           are
           only
           made
           for
           mans
           use
           and
           advantage
           .
           For
           God
           was
           no
           lesse
           before
           the
           world
           then
           he
           is
           now
           ,
           and
           hath
           no
           need
           of
           any
           of
           the
           creatures
           to
           bee
           more
           glorious
           ,
           wee
           ought
           therefore
           to
           have
           a
           great
           and
           deep
           sense
           of
           acknowledgement
           .
        
         
           And
           that
           our
           labour
           be
           not
           in
           vaine
           ,
           we
           must
           consider
           that
           great
           Architector
           in
           his
           wisdom
           ,
           in
           his
           power
           ,
           in
           his
           liberality
           ,
           and
           in
           his
           bounty
           ,
           we
           must
           adore
           him
           ,
           honour
           him
           ,
           and
           admire
           him
           in
           all
           his
           Attributes
           ,
           and
           thanke
           him
           incessantly
           ,
           not
           onely
           for
           the
           present
           meanes
           (
           the
           vicissitude
           of
           which
           sufficiently
           shew
           their
           vanity
           )
           but
           for
           the
           hope
           of
           eternall
           blessings
           ,
           to
           which
           hee
           hath
           designed
           us
           ,
           provided
           that
           we
           prove
           true
           by
           faith
           ,
           and
           that
           we
           make
           good
           by
           our
           
           workes
           ,
           that
           we
           acknowledge
           him
           above
           all
           things
           ;
           but
           alas
           !
           unhappy
           men
           as
           we
           are
           ,
           in
           what
           an
           Age
           doe
           we
           live
           ?
           wherein
           the
           creature
           is
           more
           praised
           then
           the
           Creator
           ,
           the
           gift
           is
           perfected
           to
           the
           giver
           ;
           and
           that
           which
           we
           should
           but
           take
           notice
           of
           ,
           as
           a
           transitory
           thing
           ,
           we
           do
           abuse
           oft
           (
           Christian
           prudence
           permitting
           and
           willing
           it
           )
           by
           a
           most
           horrid
           blindnesse
           ,
           preferring
           those
           things
           unto
           the
           Author
           of
           them
           ,
           which
           are
           but
           created
           in
           order
           according
           to
           Nature
           .
           Therefore
           the
           most
           insensible
           things
           ,
           and
           most
           inanimate
           ones
           ,
           both
           dictate
           unto
           ,
           and
           convince
           those
           with
           a
           most
           horrid
           shame
           and
           confusion
           ,
           who
           dare
           so
           boldly
           and
           impudently
           abuse
           that
           great
           Author
           ,
           Guider
           and
           preserver
           of
           all
           things
           .
           But
           he
           will
           not
           be
           abused
           doe
           what
           thou
           canst
           ,
           O
           inraged
           Atheist
           ,
           thou
           perverse
           wit
           ,
           of
           the
           most
           perverse
           times
           ;
           for
           he
           will
           make
           thee
           confesse
           thy
           wilfull
           malice
           in
           the
           day
           of
           vengeance
           ,
           when
           thou
           shalt
           not
           be
           able
           to
           pleade
           ignorance
           ;
           since
           as
           thy
           senses
           condemne
           thee
           ,
           so
           doe
           likewise
           the
           Elements
           ,
           which
           at
           all
           times
           seek
           their
           proper
           places
           ,
           the
           Fire
           being
           light
           ,
           ascends
           ;
           the
           Aire
           not
           so
           light
           ,
           remaines
           in
           the
           lower
           sphere
           ;
           the
           Earth
           ,
           the
           heaviest
           of
           the
           foure
           ,
           keepes
           to
           its
           Center
           ;
           and
           the
           Water
           lesse
           heavy
           ,
           swims
           above
           it
           .
           Now
           as
           those
           things
           that
           are
           mixt
           ,
           have
           one
           of
           the
           Elementary
           qualities
           in
           one
           eminent
           degree
           above
           the
           other
           ,
           so
           they
           seek
           their
           sphere
           ,
           &
           do
           not
           rest
           til
           they
           have
           attained
           unto
           it
           :
           For
           a
           ston
           would
           descend
           even
           to
           the
           center
           of
           the
           Earth
           ,
           if
           there
           were
           an
           overture
           in
           it
           ,
           as
           being
           the
           most
           properest
           place
           of
           its
           abode
           ,
           being
           its
           altogether
           terrestriall
           .
           We
           see
           that
           wood
           swims
           above
           the
           water
           ,
           and
           the
           reason
           is
           ,
           that
           there
           is
           more
           Aire
           and
           Fire
           
           in
           its
           composition
           ,
           then
           either
           in
           the
           Water
           or
           in
           the
           Stone
           .
           And
           let
           man
           do
           what
           he
           will
           ,
           it
           shall
           ever
           be
           so
           ,
           because
           that
           God
           hath
           created
           them
           ,
           and
           bestowed
           on
           them
           those
           properties
           ,
           of
           lightnesse
           and
           heavinesse
           ,
           which
           causeth
           those
           motions
           ,
           making
           the
           light
           things
           to
           ascend
           ,
           and
           the
           heavy
           ones
           to
           descend
           ,
           and
           since
           Gods
           will
           is
           inviolable
           ,
           all
           things
           must
           obey
           it
           .
        
         
           Now
           let
           us
           come
           to
           Man
           ,
           made
           by
           God
           as
           well
           as
           all
           the
           other
           Elements
           ,
           and
           likewise
           all
           other
           things
           ,
           and
           to
           what
           end
           made
           God
           Man
           ?
           only
           to
           admire
           his
           greatnesse
           ,
           and
           to
           adore
           him
           ,
           which
           certainly
           is
           the
           sole
           reason
           why
           God
           made
           man
           according
           to
           his
           owne
           resemblance
           ,
           and
           indued
           him
           with
           a
           rationall
           soule
           ,
           and
           a
           sensible
           appetite
           or
           desire
           .
        
         
           Unto
           what
           can
           man
           then
           more
           fitly
           apply
           that
           sensible
           appetite
           or
           desire
           ,
           but
           to
           follow
           in
           all
           things
           ,
           the
           designe
           and
           intent
           of
           his
           Maker
           ,
           from
           the
           beginning
           to
           the
           very
           end
           of
           his
           life
           :
           And
           this
           doubtlesse
           is
           the
           true
           reason
           of
           mans
           being
           ,
           and
           the
           true
           vocation
           man
           ought
           to
           apply
           himselfe
           unto
           :
           And
           no
           more
           to
           vary
           therein
           ,
           then
           the
           Stones
           change
           their
           property
           of
           descending
           ,
           nor
           the
           Fire
           its
           course
           of
           ascending
           :
           God
           hath
           created
           thee
           Oh
           man
           to
           this
           effect
           ,
           and
           intent
           ,
           but
           if
           thou
           wilt
           not
           follow
           his
           dictates
           ,
           to
           what
           serveth
           thy
           intellectuals
           ,
           thy
           knowledge
           ,
           and
           thy
           will
           ,
           save
           only
           to
           harden
           thy
           heart
           against
           God
           ,
           and
           against
           his
           will
           ,
           far
           more
           then
           all
           inanimate
           creatures
           do
           ,
           and
           hereby
           to
           hinder
           the
           effect
           of
           his
           graces
           in
           thee
           ;
           wherfore
           we
           ought
           seriously
           to
           meditate
           hereon
           ,
           and
           to
           rest
           assured
           ,
           that
           if
           so
           bee
           wee
           doe
           abuse
           the
           Tallent
           ,
           which
           we
           have
           received
           ,
           by
           rendring
           more
           honour
           unto
           
           vice
           ,
           and
           unto
           our
           stubborne
           ,
           lawlesse
           senses
           ,
           than
           unto
           God
           ;
           we
           shall
           render
           our selves
           unworthy
           to
           be
           placed
           even
           beneath
           the
           insensible
           things
           ,
           and
           that
           instead
           of
           an
           eternall
           blisse
           ,
           for
           the
           which
           we
           were
           created
           ,
           we
           shall
           most
           justly
           deserve
           to
           indure
           eternall
           torments
           ,
           from
           which
           God
           in
           his
           mercy
           preserve
           us
           all
           ,
           and
           grant
           unto
           us
           that
           true
           sense
           of
           reason
           ,
           which
           may
           preserve
           his
           true
           Image
           and
           workemanship
           in
           us
           ,
           and
           inable
           us
           to
           destroy
           our
           owne
           ,
           voide
           of
           sensuality
           .
           
             Dele
             quod
             fecisti
             ,
             ut
             Deus
             salvet
             ,
             quod
             secit
             :
          
           saith
           
             Augustine
             .
          
        
         
           Now
           let
           us
           enter
           into
           some
           particulars
           ,
           concerning
           the
           treaty
           of
           the
           severall
           parts
           of
           the
           Universe
           ,
           or
           World
           ;
           particularly
           described
           by
           this
           Science
           of
           
             Cosmography
             ,
          
           which
           may
           stand
           us
           in
           stead
           for
           the
           present
           ,
           and
           so
           enable
           us
           for
           the
           future
           ,
           that
           we
           may
           be
           the
           better
           disposed
           ,
           to
           contemplate
           the
           same
           from
           above
           .
        
         
           
             What
             the
             Sphere
             is
             .
          
           
             THe
             Science
             or
             understanding
             of
             the
             Sphere
             ,
             is
             the
             knowledge
             ,
             or
             the
             being
             acquainted
             with
             the
             particulars
             of
             this
             worlds
             parts
             ,
             and
             properties
             :
             The
             world
             is
             the
             assembling
             ,
             and
             ordering
             of
             all
             that
             God
             hath
             created
             ,
             it
             s
             the
             composure
             of
             Heaven
             ,
             and
             of
             Earth
             ,
             or
             of
             the
             Celestiall
             and
             Elementary
             Region
             ,
             and
             therefore
             it
             is
             called
             the
             Universe
             :
             And
             to
             the
             end
             that
             we
             might
             have
             a
             more
             particular
             insight
             in
             this
             Science
             ,
             an
             Artificial
             Sphere
             hath
             been
             framed
             ,
             being
             of
             a
             round
             forme
             ,
             composed
             of
             sundry
             circles
             ,
             by
             the
             which
             ,
             though
             imaginary
             ones
             ,
             the
             motion
             of
             
             the
             Heavens
             are
             described
             :
             The
             reasons
             of
             the
             severall
             changes
             in
             the
             seasons
             of
             the
             yeare
             ;
             that
             of
             the
             difference
             of
             dayes
             and
             nights
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             severall
             places
             and
             scituations
             or
             the
             terrestriall
             Globe
             .
             Finally
             by
             the
             Sphere
             ,
             you
             may
             observe
             the
             whole
             course
             of
             the
             world
             ,
             being
             it
             was
             made
             according
             to
             the
             worlds
             resemblance
             .
          
        
         
           
             What
             the
             Heaven
             is
             .
          
           
             AS
             we
             are
             not
             resolved
             to
             build
             Castles
             in
             the
             Aire
             ,
             nor
             to
             entertaine
             our
             Auditory
             with
             imaginary
             things
             ,
             but
             to
             give
             most
             evident
             proofes
             of
             what
             we
             alledge
             ,
             so
             it
             will
             be
             necessary
             to
             make
             appeare
             unto
             you
             that
             there
             is
             a
             Heaven
             ,
             before
             we
             come
             to
             distinguish
             its
             qualities
             ,
             and
             herein
             we
             shall
             meet
             with
             no
             great
             difficulties
             ;
             since
             that
             Nature
             admitting
             of
             no
             emptines
             ,
             that
             space
             which
             is
             between
             ,
             the
             Firmament
             ,
             the
             Imperial
             Orbe
             ,
             and
             the
             lowermost
             of
             the
             Planets
             ,
             to
             wit
             ,
             the
             Moon
             ,
             must
             of
             necessity
             be
             filled
             with
             some
             matter
             ;
             And
             this
             matter
             is
             called
             Heaven
             ,
             which
             is
             both
             simple
             ,
             sollide
             ,
             fixt
             ,
             shining
             ,
             transparent
             ,
             incorruptible
             ,
             and
             exempted
             from
             any
             changes
             .
          
        
         
           
             Of
             the
             qualities
             of
             Heaven
             .
          
           
             ALL
             naturall
             things
             have
             two
             principles
             ,
             first
             God
             ,
             secondly
             Nature
             ,
             unto
             which
             hee
             hath
             given
             full
             power
             to
             work
             by
             a
             certaine
             universall
             spirit
             ,
             which
             he
             hath
             inclosed
             in
             her
             .
          
           
             All
             naturall
             things
             are
             corporall
             essences
             ,
             which
             subsist
             of
             themselves
             ,
             and
             result
             from
             the
             union
             
             of
             the
             substance
             ,
             and
             of
             the
             forme
             :
             So
             that
             Nature
             then
             consisting
             in
             these
             two
             points
             ,
             substance
             ,
             and
             forme
             ,
             all
             naturall
             bodies
             are
             ingendred
             by
             the
             substance
             of
             it
             ,
             and
             the
             forme
             makes
             them
             to
             be
             what
             they
             are
             .
          
           
             But
             the
             matter
             being
             susceptible
             ,
             of
             divers
             formes
             ,
             having
             not
             so
             soone
             quitted
             one
             ,
             but
             that
             it
             receives
             another
             :
             And
             for
             as
             much
             as
             it
             cannot
             receive
             a
             second
             ,
             before
             it
             be
             deprived
             of
             the
             precedent
             ,
             therefore
             the
             Philosophers
             have
             establisht
             three
             principles
             ;
             the
             substance
             ,
             forme
             ,
             and
             privation
             :
             Now
             there
             are
             two
             sorts
             of
             natural
             bodies
             ,
             the
             one
             simple
             ,
             the
             other
             mixt
             :
             The
             simple
             bodies
             are
             the
             Heavens
             ,
             and
             the
             Elements
             ,
             because
             that
             in
             their
             creation
             they
             are
             simple
             ,
             and
             never
             admit
             of
             severall
             formes
             ,
             on
             the
             contrary
             ,
             the
             mixt
             ones
             ,
             are
             such
             as
             receive
             their
             composition
             from
             the
             Elementary
             qualities
             ,
             and
             are
             susceptible
             of
             divers
             formes
             .
          
           
             The
             matter
             of
             the
             Heaven
             is
             therefore
             simple
             ,
             as
             likewise
             solide
             and
             fixt
             .
          
           
             Because
             that
             the
             Starres
             ,
             which
             though
             they
             do
             turne
             ,
             and
             have
             moved
             since
             the
             beginning
             of
             the
             World
             ,
             yet
             they
             never
             change
             nor
             vary
             their
             figures
             ,
             nor
             the
             distances
             which
             they
             observe
             betwixt
             each
             other
             :
             Now
             this
             order
             could
             never
             have
             been
             kept
             ,
             unlesse
             some
             solide
             matter
             had
             constrained
             them
             thereunto
             ,
             which
             cannot
             be
             by
             any
             other
             thing
             ,
             then
             by
             the
             solide
             and
             fixt
             matter
             of
             the
             Heaven
             :
             Likewise
             it
             's
             the
             opinion
             of
             the
             most
             learnedest
             ancient
             Astronomers
             ,
             and
             all
             those
             who
             have
             written
             on
             this
             subject
             ,
             besides
             the
             most
             approved
             Authorities
             ,
             That
             the
             Stars
             are
             of
             the
             same
             matter
             that
             Heaven
             is
             of
             ,
             save
             of
             a
             more
             
             dusky
             and
             danky
             substance
             ,
             which
             they
             have
             adjudged
             them
             to
             be
             of
             ,
             by
             reason
             that
             they
             stop
             ,
             and
             as
             it
             were
             ,
             hinder
             the
             light
             of
             the
             Sunne
             ;
             the
             which
             Heaven
             doth
             not
             ,
             as
             we
             shall
             shew
             hereafter
             :
             Moreover
             they
             alledge
             the
             Stars
             are
             just
             in
             Heaven
             ,
             as
             knots
             are
             in
             boards
             ;
             others
             deem
             the
             Stars
             and
             Planets
             to
             be
             in
             a
             continued
             Aire
             like
             as
             the
             birds
             are
             :
             But
             then
             there
             ought
             to
             be
             many
             particular
             properties
             for
             to
             maintain
             the
             Stars
             in
             so
             permanent
             and
             immutable
             an
             order
             ,
             against
             the
             violent
             swiftnesse
             of
             so
             many
             contrary
             motions
             ,
             which
             opinion
             I
             shall
             wave
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             the
             flight
             of
             their
             Birdes
             .
          
           
             The
             matter
             of
             the
             Heaven
             may
             bee
             said
             to
             bee
             of
             an
             abundant
             luster
             :
             since
             that
             the
             Sunne
             ,
             the
             Moon
             ,
             and
             the
             Stars
             are
             so
             ,
             all
             which
             are
             comprehended
             of
             the
             same
             matter
             :
             But
             to
             speak
             more
             properly
             ,
             the
             matter
             of
             Heaven
             is
             transparent
             ,
             and
             the
             Sun
             and
             the
             Stars
             are
             not
             .
             That
             the
             Heavens
             are
             transparent
             ,
             is
             very
             easie
             to
             prove
             ,
             since
             experience
             sufficiently
             denotes
             it
             unto
             us
             :
             For
             if
             the
             Heaven
             of
             the
             Moon
             were
             dusky
             ,
             it
             would
             hinder
             us
             from
             seeing
             of
             the
             Sunne
             ,
             and
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Stars
             which
             are
             about
             it
             .
             That
             the
             Sun
             ,
             the
             Moon
             and
             the
             Stars
             are
             dusky
             ,
             is
             apparent
             by
             their
             Eclipses
             :
             This
             matter
             is
             also
             incorruptible
             ,
             and
             consequently
             exempted
             from
             all
             changes
             ,
             since
             that
             it
             's
             simple
             ,
             and
             that
             in
             those
             Scituations
             ,
             or
             Regions
             ,
             generation
             finds
             no
             imployment
             .
          
        
         
           
             Of
             the
             Celestiall
             Region
             .
          
           
             THe
             Celestiall
             Region
             ,
             is
             the
             assembling
             of
             all
             the
             Heavens
             ,
             and
             comprehends
             them
             all
             intirely
             ,
             the
             order
             and
             course
             whereof
             shall
             be
             shewn
             in
             its
             proper
             place
             .
          
           
           
             Their
             matter
             or
             substance
             as
             we
             have
             proved
             ,
             is
             sollide
             ,
             so
             is
             that
             of
             the
             Stars
             ,
             and
             Planets
             ,
             but
             more
             dusky
             and
             danky
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             their
             matter
             is
             more
             close
             and
             compacted
             ,
             and
             since
             they
             are
             most
             pure
             and
             polished
             bodies
             ,
             they
             receive
             ,
             and
             cause
             the
             light
             which
             they
             borrow
             from
             the
             Sun
             ,
             to
             reverberate
             ,
             as
             shall
             be
             proved
             hereafter
             ,
             but
             as
             for
             the
             Heaven
             it
             's
             altogether
             transparent
             .
          
           
             Now
             in
             the
             Celestiall
             Region
             ,
             there
             are
             two
             sorts
             of
             Stars
             ,
             Fixt
             ,
             and
             Errants
             ;
             the
             Fixt
             are
             those
             that
             never
             change
             their
             figures
             ,
             but
             have
             all
             one
             and
             the
             same
             motion
             ,
             which
             is
             that
             of
             the
             Firmament
             :
             The
             Errant
             Stars
             are
             the
             Planets
             ,
             which
             have
             all
             different
             motions
             from
             that
             of
             the
             Firmament
             ,
             and
             they
             are
             seven
             in
             number
             ;
             unto
             which
             the
             Ancients
             have
             given
             the
             names
             of
             their
             Deities
             ,
             
               viz.
               Saturne
               ,
               Jupiter
               ,
               Mars
               ,
               Sol
               ,
               Mercury
               ,
               Venus
               ,
            
             and
             the
             
               Moone
               ,
            
             which
             names
             were
             likewise
             appropriated
             unto
             them
             ,
             because
             of
             their
             powerfull
             influences
             .
          
           
             The
             duskey
             matter
             ,
             is
             that
             which
             gives
             no
             passage
             to
             the
             sight
             ,
             as
             you
             may
             perceive
             in
             Wood
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             Stones
             .
          
           
             The
             solide
             and
             fixed
             matter
             is
             that
             which
             will
             not
             suffer
             any
             very
             easie
             penetration
             ,
             as
             you
             may
             observe
             in
             Chrystall
             ,
             or
             in
             glasse
             .
          
           
             But
             the
             penetrable
             matter
             is
             that
             which
             suffers
             the
             peircing
             with
             ease
             ,
             as
             the
             Aire
             doth
             ,
             the
             Water
             and
             the
             Fire
             .
          
           
             The
             transparent
             matter
             is
             that
             which
             gives
             passage
             to
             the
             light
             ,
             as
             Chrystall
             ,
             and
             Glasse
             doth
             :
             And
             so
             consequently
             ,
             we
             may
             justly
             infer
             ,
             that
             the
             Heavenly
             Matter
             or
             Substance
             ,
             is
             both
             solide
             ,
             fixt
             ,
             impenetrable
             ,
             and
             transparent
          
        
         
         
           
             That
             there
             are
             many
             Heavens
             .
          
           
             BY
             the
             diversities
             of
             the
             Motions
             ,
             we
             prove
             that
             there
             are
             many
             Heavens
             ,
             thus
             ;
             since
             the
             matter
             is
             solide
             ,
             two
             Planets
             having
             different
             motions
             ,
             cannot
             be
             in
             the
             same
             Heaven
             ,
             or
             Orbe
             ,
             and
             by
             this
             same
             reason
             you
             may
             observe
             ,
             that
             it
             s
             not
             the
             Planet
             which
             moves
             ,
             but
             its
             Orbe
             ,
             or
             Heaven
             ;
             for
             otherwise
             they
             would
             penetrate
             the
             matter
             ,
             which
             is
             both
             fixt
             and
             solide
             :
             But
             the
             Sun
             and
             the
             Moon
             have
             different
             Motions
             ,
             for
             that
             the
             Sunne
             accomplishes
             its
             course
             in
             a
             day
             ,
             and
             the
             Moone
             in
             a
             Month
             ;
             then
             the
             Sun
             and
             the
             Moon
             cannot
             be
             in
             one
             and
             the
             same
             Orbe
             ,
             or
             Heaven
             :
             And
             by
             the
             same
             reason
             ,
             no
             two
             of
             al
             the
             seven
             Planets
             having
             the
             self-same
             Motion
             ,
             there
             must
             then
             of
             necessity
             be
             seven
             Orbes
             ,
             or
             Heavens
             ,
             requisite
             for
             the
             seven
             Planets
             :
             since
             also
             the
             matter
             of
             Heaven
             is
             fixt
             ,
             and
             impenetrable
             :
             Against
             this
             may
             be
             objected
             ,
             that
             there
             might
             be
             but
             one
             Heaven
             of
             an
             impenetrable
             matter
             ,
             in
             the
             which
             many
             spaces
             may
             be
             imagined
             ,
             and
             by
             which
             the
             Planets
             having
             different
             Motions
             ,
             may
             make
             their
             courses
             .
             And
             let
             them
             say
             what
             they
             please
             ,
             yet
             it
             will
             alwayes
             come
             to
             this
             period
             ,
             That
             of
             necessity
             there
             must
             be
             seven
             spaces
             for
             the
             seven
             Planets
             ,
             to
             move
             in
             ,
             which
             must
             be
             filled
             by
             seven
             bodies
             ,
             and
             these
             are
             by
             Astronomers
             called
             the
             Planets
             attributes
             ,
             and
             these
             we
             call
             Orbes
             ,
             joyning
             close
             the
             one
             to
             the
             other
             .
          
        
         
         
           
             Of
             the
             Firmament
             or
             eight
             Heaven
             .
          
           
             HAving
             demonstrated
             that
             there
             are
             seven
             Orbes
             for
             the
             seven
             Planets
             ;
             it
             will
             be
             necessary
             to
             shew
             how
             that
             its
             requisite
             that
             there
             be
             also
             another
             Heaven
             ,
             for
             all
             the
             fixed
             Stars
             are
             differing
             from
             the
             seven
             others
             :
             for
             the
             Ancient
             Astronomers
             observing
             that
             the
             Motion
             of
             the
             Stars
             was
             very
             slow
             ,
             not
             advancing
             above
             a
             degree
             from
             one
             hundred
             to
             a
             hundred
             years
             ,
             concluded
             ,
             that
             it
             was
             most
             necessary
             to
             admit
             an
             eight
             Orbe
             ,
             in
             the
             which
             al
             the
             fixed
             Stars
             are
             ,
             and
             the
             which
             never
             vary
             their
             scituation
             ,
             distance
             ,
             nor
             figure
             ,
             or
             shape
             ,
             and
             this
             Heaven
             is
             called
             by
             them
             ,
             the
             Firmament
             .
          
        
         
           
             How
             the
             Astronomers
             divide
             the
             Stars
             ,
             or
             whether
             they
             be
             numberlesse
             or
             no
             .
          
           
             AS
             for
             the
             fixed
             Stars
             we
             hold
             them
             to
             be
             numberlesse
             ,
             the
             Holy
             Scriptures
             giving
             us
             a
             testimony
             thereof
             ,
             I
             meane
             ,
             that
             besides
             the
             great
             infinite
             number
             that
             we
             see
             ,
             there
             are
             yet
             a
             far
             more
             infinit
             number
             of
             lesserstars
             which
             are
             by
             us
             not
             seen
             ,
             as
             hath
             been
             observed
             by
             certain
             Prospective
             Glasses
             ,
             made
             in
             
               Italy
               ,
            
             and
             though
             the
             Ancients
             have
             not
             marked
             above
             1022.
             their
             meaning
             was
             not
             ,
             that
             there
             were
             no
             more
             Stars
             ,
             but
             that
             they
             had
             observed
             none
             but
             those
             ,
             as
             being
             only
             the
             cheifest
             which
             they
             had
             need
             of
             ;
             And
             those
             thousand
             twenty
             two
             Stars
             ,
             are
             divided
             into
             forty
             eight
             Constellations
             ,
             or
             Figures
             of
             Animalls
             ,
             which
             the
             Ancients
             have
             supposed
             ,
             for
             to
             discerne
             the
             one
             
             from
             the
             other
             ;
             and
             have
             separated
             and
             disposed
             of
             them
             into
             three
             ranks
             ,
             as
             
               Septentrionalls
               ,
               Zodiackes
               ,
            
             and
             
               Meridionalls
               .
            
          
           
             Moreover
             ,
             the
             Stars
             are
             distinguisht
             by
             their
             severall
             Magnitudes
             ,
             or
             Bignesses
             ,
             which
             have
             been
             found
             to
             be
             six
             :
             So
             that
             all
             the
             great
             Stars
             are
             of
             the
             first
             Bignesse
             ,
             the
             lesser
             of
             the
             second
             ,
             third
             ,
             fourth
             ,
             fifth
             ,
             and
             sixth
             magnitude
             or
             bignesse
             ,
             in
             which
             the
             least
             of
             them
             all
             are
             comprehended
             .
          
        
         
           
             Whether
             or
             no
             the
             Stars
             be
             translucent
             of
             themselves
             ,
             and
             transparent
             .
          
           
             THe
             Stars
             have
             no
             proper
             light
             of
             themselves
             ,
             save
             in
             this
             manner
             ,
             all
             the
             Stars
             and
             Planets
             are
             of
             one
             and
             the
             selfe-same
             Nature
             .
             But
             the
             Moone
             hath
             no
             other
             light
             then
             what
             she
             borroweth
             of
             the
             Sunne
             ,
             so
             no
             more
             can
             any
             of
             the
             other
             Stars
             have
             any
             other
             light
             but
             from
             the
             Sun
             .
          
           
             But
             suppose
             it
             be
             objected
             ,
             that
             the
             Moon
             loseth
             not
             altogether
             its
             light
             ,
             though
             she
             Eclipses
             in
             the
             shadow
             of
             the
             Earth
             ;
             because
             that
             in
             the
             Eclipsed
             party
             there
             appears
             a
             rednesse
             ,
             and
             that
             such
             a
             rednesse
             for
             ought
             we
             know
             ,
             might
             be
             her
             natural
             light
             .
          
           
             I
             answer
             ,
             That
             that
             rednes
             cannot
             be
             her
             natural
             ,
             because
             that
             if
             it
             were
             so
             ,
             she
             would
             never
             quit
             that
             rednes
             ,
             save
             when
             she
             increases
             ,
             or
             that
             she
             is
             in
             her
             first
             quarter
             ,
             And
             then
             that
             part
             of
             the
             Moon
             which
             is
             not
             illuminated
             by
             the
             Sun
             ,
             ought
             to
             have
             that
             rednesse
             ,
             which
             is
             not
             so
             ,
             as
             we
             see
             by
             experience
             :
             And
             therefore
             all
             rednesse
             is
             not
             naturall
             to
             the
             Moon
             :
             Moreover
             ,
             if
             it
             be
             demanded
             from
             whence
             that
             rednesse
             
             proceeds
             ?
             its
             from
             the
             reflection
             of
             the
             lig
             〈…〉
             is
             encountered
             by
             the
             Moone
             in
             the
             shado
             〈…〉
             Earth
             :
             For
             as
             the
             Moone
             is
             a
             polisht
             body
             ,
             〈…〉
             the
             shadow
             of
             the
             Earth
             is
             never
             destitute
             of
             some
             little
             light
             ,
             so
             it
             's
             that
             little
             light
             which
             causes
             the
             rednesse
             in
             her
             .
          
           
             So
             that
             by
             what
             is
             aforesaid
             ,
             it
             clearly
             appeares
             that
             the
             Sunne
             is
             the
             Principle
             of
             light
             ,
             it
             being
             Gods
             pleasure
             to
             adorn
             it
             with
             such
             an
             eminent
             quality
             .
          
           
             Furthermore
             ,
             we
             say
             that
             the
             Stars
             are
             not
             so
             transparent
             as
             the
             Heaven
             is
             ,
             which
             may
             be
             seen
             by
             the
             Moon
             and
             
               Mercury
               ,
            
             when
             they
             are
             interposed
             ,
             between
             our
             eyes
             and
             the
             Sunne
             ,
             and
             that
             they
             Eclipse
             her
             ;
             And
             so
             its
             apparent
             that
             the
             Stars
             are
             both
             dusky
             and
             danky
             .
          
        
         
           
             That
             the
             Heavens
             are
             round
             ,
             and
             that
             they
             move
             the
             one
             within
             the
             other
             ,
             from
             the
             East
             to
             the
             West
             ,
             their
             usuall
             course
             .
          
           
             AS
             we
             have
             hitherto
             proved
             ,
             that
             there
             are
             eight
             Heavens
             ,
             so
             must
             we
             prove
             that
             they
             are
             round
             ,
             and
             that
             they
             turne
             the
             one
             within
             the
             other
             ,
             from
             East
             to
             West
             ,
             the
             which
             may
             appear
             unto
             us
             most
             manifestly
             ,
             for
             we
             see
             that
             the
             Sun
             ,
             the
             Planets
             ,
             and
             all
             the
             other
             Stars
             ,
             do
             rise
             first
             in
             the
             East
             ,
             on
             our
             Horizon
             ,
             then
             little
             by
             little
             they
             advance
             toward
             the
             South
             ,
             and
             that
             finally
             ,
             they
             set
             in
             the
             West
             ,
             so
             next
             againe
             they
             rise
             all
             in
             the
             East
             .
             We
             will
             but
             instance
             in
             the
             Sun
             ,
             And
             say
             that
             it
             must
             be
             either
             the
             selfe
             same
             Sun
             ,
             or
             another
             which
             we
             daily
             see
             to
             rise
             ,
             and
             set
             ,
             It
             cannot
             be
             any
             other
             ,
             for
             that
             then
             every
             day
             would
             require
             a
             new
             one
             :
             And
             if
             it
             be
             the
             same
             Sun
             ,
             it
             must
             either
             
             have
             past
             over
             ,
             within
             ,
             or
             underneath
             the
             Earth
             :
             Over
             the
             Earth
             it
             cannot
             have
             past
             ,
             for
             as
             much
             as
             then
             there
             would
             have
             been
             no
             night
             ,
             the
             presence
             of
             the
             Sun
             causing
             the
             day
             ;
             neither
             can
             it
             have
             past
             within
             the
             Earth
             ,
             because
             ,
             as
             we
             shall
             see
             hereafter
             ,
             its
             greater
             then
             the
             Earth
             ,
             It
             remains
             then
             ,
             that
             it
             must
             have
             past
             underneath
             the
             Earth
             ,
             and
             that
             consequently
             its
             Orbe
             ,
             or
             Heaven
             turnes
             about
             the
             Earth
             ;
             And
             since
             all
             the
             Heavens
             turne
             ,
             the
             one
             within
             the
             other
             ,
             about
             the
             Earth
             ,
             and
             that
             from
             the
             East
             to
             the
             West
             ,
             we
             may
             justly
             then
             say
             that
             the
             Heavens
             are
             round
             .
          
           
             It
             s
             also
             granted
             that
             the
             Heavens
             are
             round
             ,
             because
             that
             being
             they
             are
             the
             most
             noble
             part
             of
             the
             world
             ,
             and
             in
             which
             all
             the
             rest
             are
             contained
             ;
             it
             is
             most
             necessary
             ,
             that
             they
             should
             be
             of
             a
             round
             forme
             ,
             which
             is
             the
             most
             capablest
             and
             most
             perfectest
             of
             al
             others
             .
             For
             if
             the
             Heavens
             had
             any
             other
             Figure
             or
             Forme
             ,
             those
             which
             are
             inferiour
             to
             the
             others
             ,
             could
             not
             possibly
             transport
             their
             Planets
             from
             the
             East
             to
             the
             West
             ,
             because
             of
             their
             Angles
             ,
             or
             else
             we
             must
             grant
             that
             they
             penetrate
             each
             other
             ,
             and
             so
             there
             would
             chance
             to
             be
             a
             penetration
             in
             the
             matter
             of
             the
             Heavens
             ,
             which
             would
             contradict
             what
             hath
             been
             formerly
             proved
             ,
             to
             wit
             ,
             that
             its
             matter
             or
             substance
             ,
             is
             both
             solide
             and
             fixt
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           The
           End
           of
           the
           first
           Lecture
           ,
           concerning
           COSMOGRAPHY
           .