subject-anabaptists-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-24 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 30 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 990,455 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 33,015 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 91. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

god, christ, may, church, one, infants, will, say, baptism, yet, covenant, children, faith, shall, therefore, baptized, men, man, also, first, must, us, made, now, holy, things, called, many, though, without, baptisme, gods, answer, true, good, saith, non, word, make, time, see, day, much, grace, religion, great, doth, onely, might, law

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are Pansebeia, or, A view of all religions in the world with the severall church-governments from the creation, to these times : also, a discovery of all known heresies in all ages and places, and choice observations and reflections throughout the whole / by Alexander Ross., Anabaptism routed: or, a survey of the controverted points: Concerning [brace] 1. Infant-Baptisme. 2. Pretended necessity of dipping. 3. The dangerous practise of re-baptising. Together, with a particular answer to all that is alledged in favour of the Anabaptists, by Dr. Jer. Taylor, in his book, called, the liberty of Prophesying. / By John Reading, B.D. and sometimes student of Magdalen-Hall in Oxford., and An antidote against Anabaptism, in a reply to the plea for Anabaptists: or Animadversions on that part of the libertie of prophesying which sect. 18. p. 223. beareth this title: A particular consideration of the opinion of the Anabaptists. Together with a survey of the controverted points concerning 1. Infant baptism. 2. Pretended necessitie of dipping. 3. The dangerous practice of rebaptizing. By Jo. Reading, B.D. and sometimes student of Magdalen Hall in Oxford..

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

roman non, holy ghost, lords supper, jesus christ, early english, english books, new testament, visible church, every one, god made, books online, let us, gods covenant, every man, gods word, may bee, must needs, holy spirit, little children, eighth day, iesus christ, page images, baptize infants, believing parents, true church, man may, david george, old testament, spiritual seed, christian religion, creation partnership, text creation, many things, may see, high priest, good conscience, baptizing infants, saint paul, reformed churches, natural seed, virgin mary, lords day, god will, infants may, true god, one another, good works, holy scripture, christian church, christ jesus

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are The second humble addresse of those who are called Anabaptists in the county of Lincoln Presented to His Majesty, Charles the Second, King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, &c. Proclamation against all meetings of Quakers, Anabaptists, &c., and Some briefe considerations on Doctor Featley his book, intituled, The dipper dipt, wherein in some measure is discovered his many great and false accusations of divers persons, commonly called Anabaptists, with an answer to them, and some brief reasons of their practice. In seven sections, viz. I. Dr. Featley his secret and haynous accusing the honourable Parliament. II. That he is guilty of greater errors, than to go into the water to be dipt. ... VI. Some reasons alledged against infants being baptized. A question proposed to consideration, that if it be an error to be baptized again, whether the punishment, some would have inflicted upon them, and some have suffered, be not too great? VII. How many sorts of Anabaptists he saith there are, and what they hold. Whereunto is added, what is conceived the Doctors mysticall frontispiece may more properly declare. / By Samuel Richardson..

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

god, church, christ, lord, law, anabaptists, scripture, father, covenant, tcp, spirit, ghost, religion, king, infants, gospel, baptism, word, roman, gospell, christian, apostles, son, sect, sacrament, parents, mr., majesty, magistrate, john, iohn, gods, cor, city, baptisme, apostle, act, senate, seal, scriptures, rom, reply, prophet, pope, nations, nation, matth, mat, man, kingdome

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be god, and A declaration of some of those people in or near London, called Anabaptists, that own, and beleeve, that Gods love, in the death of his son, is extended to all men; and that are in the belief and practice of the doctrine of Christ, contained in Hebrew 6. 1, 2. Humbly presented to the high court of Parliament, and the people of this Common-wealth. is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

1. god - Anabaptism routed: or, a survey of the controverted points: Concerning [brace] 1. Infant-Baptisme. 2. Pretended necessity of dipping. 3. The dangerous practise of re-baptising. Together, with a particular answer to all that is alledged in favour of the Anabaptists, by Dr. Jer. Taylor, in his book, called, the liberty of Prophesying. / By John Reading, B.D. and sometimes student of Magdalen-Hall in Oxford.
2. god - Pansebeia, or, A view of all religions in the world with the severall church-governments from the creation, to these times : also, a discovery of all known heresies in all ages and places, and choice observations and reflections throughout the whole / by Alexander Ross.
3. bee - The rise, growth, and danger of Socinianisme together with a plaine discovery of a desperate designe of corrupting the Protestant religion, whereby it appeares that the religion which hath been so violently contended for (by the Archbishop of Canterbury and his adherents) is not the true pure Protestant religion, but an hotchpotch of Arminianisme, Socinianisme and popery : it is likewise made evident, that the atheists, Anabaptists, and sectaries so much complained of, have been raised or encouraged by the doctrines and practises of the Arminian, Socinian and popish party / by Fr. Cheynell ...

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

1. god, baptism, christ - Anabaptism routed: or, a survey of the controverted points: Concerning [brace] 1. Infant-Baptisme. 2. Pretended necessity of dipping. 3. The dangerous practise of re-baptising. Together, with a particular answer to all that is alledged in favour of the Anabaptists, by Dr. Jer. Taylor, in his book, called, the liberty of Prophesying. / By John Reading, B.D. and sometimes student of Magdalen-Hall in Oxford.
2. god, christ, called - Pansebeia, or, A view of all religions in the world with the severall church-governments from the creation, to these times : also, a discovery of all known heresies in all ages and places, and choice observations and reflections throughout the whole / by Alexander Ross.
3. god, covenant, christ - A defence of infant-baptism: in answer to two treatises, and an appendix to them concerning it; lately published by Mr. Jo. Tombes. Wherein that controversie is fully discussed, the ancient and generally received use of it from the apostles dayes, untill the Anabaptists sprung up in Germany, manifested. The arguments for it from the holy Scriptures maintained, and the objections against it answered. / By Steven Marshall B.D. minister of the Gospell, at Finchingfield in Essex.
4. god, text, people - The traytors unvailed, or a brief account of that horrid and bloody designe intended by those rebellious people, known by the names of Anabaptists and Fifth Monarchy being upon sunday the 14th. of April 1661. in Newgate on purpose to oppose his Majesties person and laws.
5. non, roman, church - The rise, growth, and danger of Socinianisme together with a plaine discovery of a desperate designe of corrupting the Protestant religion, whereby it appeares that the religion which hath been so violently contended for (by the Archbishop of Canterbury and his adherents) is not the true pure Protestant religion, but an hotchpotch of Arminianisme, Socinianisme and popery : it is likewise made evident, that the atheists, Anabaptists, and sectaries so much complained of, have been raised or encouraged by the doctrines and practises of the Arminian, Socinian and popish party / by Fr. Cheynell ...

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

infants, children, men, man, faith, things, baptism, time, day, people, others, part, words, world, word, truth, grace, reason, religion, place, none, life, thing, death, water, church, sin, years, persons, seed, scripture, circumcision, p., promise, hath, name, nothing, power, baptisme, argument, covenant, order, parents, body, way, ▪, end, flesh, doth, heart

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

is, be, are, was, were, have, had, say, baptized, being, did, do, made, called, said, been, make, see, come, know, answer, let, put, according, take, give, concerning, set, prove, read, done, believe, used, taken, deny, taught, bee, having, received, held, born, given, shew, brought, baptize, hath, circumcised, receive, think, saved

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

〉, ◊, 〈, god, christ, c., church, covenant, ●, lord, hath, mr., baptism, gods, holy, law, spirit, baptisme, christs, abraham, gospel, anabaptists, q., rom, infants, a., father, thou, ghost, saint, heaven, john, de, king, christians, l., christian, apostles, cor, pag, lords, s., t., doe, bishop, faith, apostle, sacrament, iohn, bee

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

they, it, his, he, their, you, them, i, we, him, our, your, us, my, me, her, themselves, himself, she, thy, its, thee, theirs, ours, yours, ye, one, mine, whereof, hers, vp, vnto, l, vy''d, s, non, ''s, ●, à, yee, yea, vvhat, vo, us''d, u, ts, tollit, thou, re, quaeritur

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

such, other, same, many, true, good, own, great, first, more, non, holy, -, roman, old, new, much, whole, false, capable, little, second, visible, saith, outward, last, present, common, third, necessary, spiritual, certain, dead, former, particular, wicked, high, christian, better, most, ancient, least, free, like, sufficient, greater, right, able, very, full

not, so, then, therefore, also, now, as, more, onely, up, yet, only, first, well, out, thereof, thus, here, most, never, very, much, even, that, again, there, ever, is, away, in, off, down, all, together, indeed, forth, before, secondly, rather, no, once, too, further, still, sometimes, at, else, long, far, otherwise

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

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