id sid tid token lemma pos 31023 1 1 SMITHSONIAN smithsonian JJ 31023 1 2 ANNALS ANNALS NNP 31023 1 3 OF of IN 31023 1 4 FLIGHT flight NN 31023 1 5 VOLUME volume NN 31023 1 6 1 1 CD 31023 1 7 NUMBER number NN 31023 1 8 2 2 CD 31023 1 9 The the DT 31023 1 10 First First NNP 31023 1 11 Airplane Airplane NNP 31023 1 12 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 1 13 Engine Engine NNP 31023 1 14 : : : 31023 1 15 Packard Packard NNP 31023 1 16 Model Model NNP 31023 1 17 DR-980 DR-980 NNP 31023 1 18 of of IN 31023 1 19 1928 1928 CD 31023 1 20 _ _ NNP 31023 1 21 Robert Robert NNP 31023 1 22 B. B. NNP 31023 1 23 Meyer Meyer NNP 31023 1 24 _ _ NNP 31023 1 25 SMITHSONIAN SMITHSONIAN NNP 31023 1 26 INSTITUTION INSTITUTION NNP 31023 1 27 NATIONAL NATIONAL NNP 31023 1 28 AIR AIR NNP 31023 1 29 MUSEUM MUSEUM NNP 31023 1 30 · · NFP 31023 1 31 WASHINGTON WASHINGTON NNP 31023 1 32 , , , 31023 1 33 D.C. D.C. NNP 31023 1 34 [ [ -LRB- 31023 1 35 Illustration illustration NN 31023 1 36 : : : 31023 1 37 Frontispiece Frontispiece NNP 31023 1 38 -- -- : 31023 1 39 President President NNP 31023 1 40 Herbert Herbert NNP 31023 1 41 Hoover Hoover NNP 31023 1 42 ( ( -LRB- 31023 1 43 in in IN 31023 1 44 front front NN 31023 1 45 of of IN 31023 1 46 microphones microphone NNS 31023 1 47 ) ) -RRB- 31023 1 48 presenting present VBG 31023 1 49 the the DT 31023 1 50 Collier Collier NNP 31023 1 51 Trophy Trophy NNP 31023 1 52 to to IN 31023 1 53 Alvan Alvan NNP 31023 1 54 Macauley Macauley NNP 31023 1 55 ( ( -LRB- 31023 1 56 nearest near JJS 31023 1 57 engine engine NN 31023 1 58 ) ) -RRB- 31023 1 59 , , , 31023 1 60 President President NNP 31023 1 61 of of IN 31023 1 62 the the DT 31023 1 63 Packard Packard NNP 31023 1 64 Motor Motor NNP 31023 1 65 Car Car NNP 31023 1 66 Co. Co. NNP 31023 1 67 , , , 31023 1 68 on on IN 31023 1 69 March March NNP 31023 1 70 31 31 CD 31023 1 71 , , , 31023 1 72 1932 1932 CD 31023 1 73 ( ( -LRB- 31023 1 74 although although IN 31023 1 75 the the DT 31023 1 76 award award NN 31023 1 77 was be VBD 31023 1 78 for for IN 31023 1 79 1931 1931 CD 31023 1 80 ) ) -RRB- 31023 1 81 . . . 31023 2 1 Also also RB 31023 2 2 present present JJ 31023 2 3 were be VBD 31023 2 4 Hiram Hiram NNP 31023 2 5 Bingham Bingham NNP 31023 2 6 , , , 31023 2 7 U.S. U.S. NNP 31023 3 1 Senator Senator NNP 31023 3 2 from from IN 31023 3 3 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 31023 3 4 ( ( -LRB- 31023 3 5 nearest near JJS 31023 3 6 pillar pillar NN 31023 3 7 ) ) -RRB- 31023 3 8 , , , 31023 3 9 Clarence Clarence NNP 31023 3 10 M. M. NNP 31023 3 11 Young Young NNP 31023 3 12 , , , 31023 3 13 Director Director NNP 31023 3 14 of of IN 31023 3 15 Aeronautics Aeronautics NNP 31023 3 16 , , , 31023 3 17 U.S. U.S. NNP 31023 3 18 Department Department NNP 31023 3 19 of of IN 31023 3 20 Commerce Commerce NNP 31023 3 21 ( ( -LRB- 31023 3 22 between between IN 31023 3 23 Macauley Macauley NNP 31023 3 24 and and CC 31023 3 25 Hoover Hoover NNP 31023 3 26 ) ) -RRB- 31023 3 27 , , , 31023 3 28 and and CC 31023 3 29 Amelia Amelia NNP 31023 3 30 Earhart Earhart NNP 31023 3 31 , , , 31023 3 32 first first JJ 31023 3 33 woman woman NN 31023 3 34 to to TO 31023 3 35 fly fly VB 31023 3 36 across across IN 31023 3 37 the the DT 31023 3 38 Atlantic Atlantic NNP 31023 3 39 Ocean Ocean NNP 31023 3 40 ( ( -LRB- 31023 3 41 between between IN 31023 3 42 Macauley Macauley NNP 31023 3 43 and and CC 31023 3 44 the the DT 31023 3 45 engine engine NN 31023 3 46 ) ) -RRB- 31023 3 47 . . . 31023 4 1 In in IN 31023 4 2 the the DT 31023 4 3 foreground foreground NN 31023 4 4 is be VBZ 31023 4 5 a a DT 31023 4 6 cutaway cutaway JJ 31023 4 7 Packard packard NN 31023 4 8 diesel diesel NN 31023 4 9 aeronautical aeronautical JJ 31023 4 10 engine engine NN 31023 4 11 and and CC 31023 4 12 directly directly RB 31023 4 13 in in IN 31023 4 14 front front NN 31023 4 15 of of IN 31023 4 16 Senator Senator NNP 31023 4 17 Bingham Bingham NNP 31023 4 18 is be VBZ 31023 4 19 the the DT 31023 4 20 Collier Collier NNP 31023 4 21 Trophy Trophy NNP 31023 4 22 , , , 31023 4 23 America America NNP 31023 4 24 's 's POS 31023 4 25 highest high JJS 31023 4 26 aviation aviation NN 31023 4 27 award award NN 31023 4 28 . . . 31023 5 1 ( ( -LRB- 31023 5 2 Smithsonian smithsonian JJ 31023 5 3 photo photo NN 31023 5 4 A48825 A48825 NNP 31023 5 5 . . . 31023 5 6 ) ) -RRB- 31023 5 7 ] ] -RRB- 31023 6 1 SMITHSONIAN smithsonian JJ 31023 6 2 ANNALS ANNALS NNP 31023 6 3 OF of IN 31023 6 4 FLIGHT flight NN 31023 6 5 VOLUME volume NN 31023 6 6 1 1 CD 31023 6 7 · · NFP 31023 6 8 NUMBER number NN 31023 6 9 2 2 CD 31023 6 10 The the DT 31023 6 11 First First NNP 31023 6 12 Airplane Airplane NNP 31023 6 13 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 6 14 Engine Engine NNP 31023 6 15 : : : 31023 6 16 Packard Packard NNP 31023 6 17 Model Model NNP 31023 6 18 DR-980 DR-980 NNP 31023 6 19 of of IN 31023 6 20 1928 1928 CD 31023 6 21 ROBERT ROBERT NNP 31023 6 22 B. B. NNP 31023 6 23 MEYER MEYER NNP 31023 6 24 _ _ NNP 31023 6 25 Curator Curator NNP 31023 6 26 of of IN 31023 6 27 Flight Flight NNP 31023 6 28 Propulsion Propulsion NNP 31023 6 29 _ _ NNP 31023 6 30 SMITHSONIAN SMITHSONIAN NNP 31023 6 31 INSTITUTION INSTITUTION NNP 31023 6 32 · · NFP 31023 6 33 NATIONAL NATIONAL NNP 31023 6 34 AIR AIR NNP 31023 6 35 MUSEUM MUSEUM NNP 31023 6 36 WASHINGTON WASHINGTON NNP 31023 6 37 , , , 31023 6 38 D.C. D.C. NNP 31023 6 39 · · NFP 31023 6 40 1964 1964 CD 31023 6 41 The the DT 31023 6 42 following follow VBG 31023 6 43 microfilm microfilm JJ 31023 6 44 prints print NNS 31023 6 45 are be VBP 31023 6 46 available available JJ 31023 6 47 at at IN 31023 6 48 the the DT 31023 6 49 Smithsonian Smithsonian NNP 31023 6 50 Institution Institution NNP 31023 6 51 : : : 31023 6 52 " " `` 31023 6 53 The the DT 31023 6 54 Packard Packard NNP 31023 6 55 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 6 56 Aircraft Aircraft NNP 31023 6 57 Engine Engine NNP 31023 6 58 -- -- : 31023 6 59 A a DT 31023 6 60 New New NNP 31023 6 61 Chapter chapter NN 31023 6 62 in in IN 31023 6 63 Transportation Transportation NNP 31023 6 64 Progress Progress NNP 31023 6 65 . . . 31023 6 66 " " '' 31023 7 1 An an DT 31023 7 2 advertising advertising NN 31023 7 3 brochure brochure NN 31023 7 4 produced produce VBN 31023 7 5 by by IN 31023 7 6 the the DT 31023 7 7 Packard Packard NNP 31023 7 8 Motor Motor NNP 31023 7 9 Car Car NNP 31023 7 10 Company Company NNP 31023 7 11 in in IN 31023 7 12 1930 1930 CD 31023 7 13 , , , 31023 7 14 illustrated illustrate VBN 31023 7 15 , , , 31023 7 16 17 17 CD 31023 7 17 pages page NNS 31023 7 18 . . . 31023 8 1 Fifty Fifty NNP 31023 8 2 - - HYPH 31023 8 3 Hour hour NN 31023 8 4 Test Test NNP 31023 8 5 of of IN 31023 8 6 the the DT 31023 8 7 Engine engine NN 31023 8 8 by by IN 31023 8 9 the the DT 31023 8 10 Packard Packard NNP 31023 8 11 Company Company NNP 31023 8 12 , , , 31023 8 13 1930 1930 CD 31023 8 14 . . . 31023 9 1 Text text NN 31023 9 2 and and CC 31023 9 3 charts chart NNS 31023 9 4 , , , 31023 9 5 14 14 CD 31023 9 6 pages page NNS 31023 9 7 . . . 31023 10 1 Fifty Fifty NNP 31023 10 2 - - HYPH 31023 10 3 Hour hour NN 31023 10 4 Test Test NNP 31023 10 5 of of IN 31023 10 6 the the DT 31023 10 7 Engine engine NN 31023 10 8 by by IN 31023 10 9 the the DT 31023 10 10 U.S. U.S. NNP 31023 10 11 Navy Navy NNP 31023 10 12 in in IN 31023 10 13 1931 1931 CD 31023 10 14 : : : 31023 10 15 Text text NN 31023 10 16 and and CC 31023 10 17 charts chart NNS 31023 10 18 , , , 31023 10 19 26 26 CD 31023 10 20 pages page NNS 31023 10 21 . . . 31023 11 1 Packard Packard NNP 31023 11 2 Instructional Instructional NNP 31023 11 3 Manual Manual NNP 31023 11 4 , , , 31023 11 5 1931 1931 CD 31023 11 6 . . . 31023 12 1 Illustrated Illustrated NNP 31023 12 2 , , , 31023 12 3 74 74 CD 31023 12 4 pages page NNS 31023 12 5 . . . 31023 13 1 " " `` 31023 13 2 The the DT 31023 13 3 Packard Packard NNP 31023 13 4 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 13 5 Engine Engine NNP 31023 13 6 , , , 31023 13 7 " " '' 31023 13 8 Aviation Aviation NNP 31023 13 9 Institute Institute NNP 31023 13 10 of of IN 31023 13 11 U.S.A. U.S.A. NNP 31023 13 12 Pamphlet Pamphlet NNP 31023 13 13 No no UH 31023 13 14 . . . 31023 14 1 21-A 21-A NNP 31023 14 2 , , , 31023 14 3 1930 1930 CD 31023 14 4 . . . 31023 15 1 Illustrated Illustrated NNP 31023 15 2 , , , 31023 15 3 32 32 CD 31023 15 4 pages page NNS 31023 15 5 . . . 31023 16 1 For for IN 31023 16 2 sale sale NN 31023 16 3 by by IN 31023 16 4 the the DT 31023 16 5 Superintendent Superintendent NNP 31023 16 6 of of IN 31023 16 7 Documents Documents NNPS 31023 16 8 , , , 31023 16 9 U.S. U.S. NNP 31023 16 10 Government Government NNP 31023 16 11 Printing Printing NNP 31023 16 12 Office Office NNP 31023 16 13 Washington Washington NNP 31023 16 14 , , , 31023 16 15 D.C. D.C. NNP 31023 16 16 , , , 31023 16 17 20402 20402 CD 31023 16 18 - - HYPH 31023 16 19 -Price -price NN 31023 16 20 60 60 CD 31023 16 21 cents cent NNS 31023 16 22 Contents Contents NNPS 31023 16 23 _ _ NNP 31023 16 24 Page Page NNP 31023 16 25 _ _ NNP 31023 16 26 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS NNP 31023 16 27 vi vi NNP 31023 16 28 FOREWORD FOREWORD NNP 31023 16 29 vii vii NN 31023 16 30 INTRODUCTION introduction NN 31023 16 31 1 1 CD 31023 16 32 History history NN 31023 16 33 2 2 CD 31023 16 34 DESCRIPTION description NN 31023 16 35 11 11 CD 31023 16 36 Specifications specification NNS 31023 16 37 11 11 CD 31023 16 38 Operating operating NN 31023 16 39 Cycles Cycles NNPS 31023 16 40 13 13 CD 31023 16 41 Weight Weight NNP 31023 16 42 - - HYPH 31023 16 43 Saving Saving NNP 31023 16 44 Features Features NNP 31023 16 45 15 15 CD 31023 16 46 Diesel diesel NN 31023 16 47 Cycle Cycle NNP 31023 16 48 Features feature VBZ 31023 16 49 20 20 CD 31023 16 50 Development development NN 31023 16 51 23 23 CD 31023 16 52 COMMENTS comment NNS 31023 16 53 27 27 CD 31023 16 54 ANALYSIS analysis NN 31023 16 55 33 33 CD 31023 16 56 Advantages advantage NNS 31023 16 57 33 33 CD 31023 16 58 Disadvantages disadvantage NNS 31023 16 59 35 35 CD 31023 16 60 APPENDIX APPENDIX NNP 31023 16 61 1 1 CD 31023 16 62 . . . 31023 17 1 Agreement Agreement NNP 31023 17 2 Between between IN 31023 17 3 Hermann Hermann NNP 31023 17 4 I. I. NNP 31023 18 1 A. A. NNP 31023 18 2 Dorner Dorner NNP 31023 18 3 and and CC 31023 18 4 Packard Packard NNP 31023 18 5 Motor Motor NNP 31023 18 6 Car Car NNP 31023 18 7 Company Company NNP 31023 18 8 43 43 CD 31023 18 9 2 2 CD 31023 18 10 . . . 31023 19 1 Packard packard NN 31023 19 2 to to TO 31023 19 3 Begin begin VB 31023 19 4 Building Building NNP 31023 19 5 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 19 6 Plane Plane NNP 31023 19 7 Engines Engines NNP 31023 19 8 Soon Soon NNP 31023 19 9 46 46 CD 31023 19 10 3 3 CD 31023 19 11 . . . 31023 20 1 Effect effect NN 31023 20 2 of of IN 31023 20 3 Oxygen Oxygen NNP 31023 20 4 Boosting boost VBG 31023 20 5 on on IN 31023 20 6 Power Power NNP 31023 20 7 and and CC 31023 20 8 Weight Weight NNP 31023 20 9 47 47 CD 31023 20 10 Acknowledgments acknowledgment NNS 31023 20 11 It -PRON- PRP 31023 20 12 is be VBZ 31023 20 13 difficult difficult JJ 31023 20 14 to to TO 31023 20 15 acknowledge acknowledge VB 31023 20 16 fully fully RB 31023 20 17 the the DT 31023 20 18 assistance assistance NN 31023 20 19 given give VBN 31023 20 20 by by IN 31023 20 21 persons person NNS 31023 20 22 and and CC 31023 20 23 museums museum NNS 31023 20 24 for for IN 31023 20 25 the the DT 31023 20 26 preparation preparation NN 31023 20 27 of of IN 31023 20 28 this this DT 31023 20 29 book book NN 31023 20 30 . . . 31023 21 1 However however RB 31023 21 2 , , , 31023 21 3 I -PRON- PRP 31023 21 4 wish wish VBP 31023 21 5 especially especially RB 31023 21 6 to to TO 31023 21 7 thank thank VB 31023 21 8 Hugo Hugo NNP 31023 21 9 T. T. NNP 31023 21 10 Byttebier Byttebier NNP 31023 21 11 , , , 31023 21 12 engine engine NN 31023 21 13 historian historian NN 31023 21 14 , , , 31023 21 15 Buenos Buenos NNP 31023 21 16 Aires Aires NNP 31023 21 17 , , , 31023 21 18 Argentina Argentina NNP 31023 21 19 ; ; : 31023 21 20 Dipl Dipl NNP 31023 21 21 . . . 31023 22 1 Ing Ing NNP 31023 22 2 . . . 31023 23 1 Hermann Hermann NNP 31023 23 2 I. I. NNP 31023 24 1 A. A. NNP 31023 24 2 Dorner Dorner NNP 31023 24 3 , , , 31023 24 4 diesel diesel NN 31023 24 5 designer designer NN 31023 24 6 , , , 31023 24 7 Hanover Hanover NNP 31023 24 8 , , , 31023 24 9 Germany Germany NNP 31023 24 10 ; ; : 31023 24 11 Harold Harold NNP 31023 24 12 E. E. NNP 31023 24 13 Morehouse Morehouse NNP 31023 24 14 , , , 31023 24 15 and and CC 31023 24 16 C. C. NNP 31023 24 17 H. H. NNP 31023 24 18 Wiegman Wiegman NNP 31023 24 19 , , , 31023 24 20 Lycoming Lycoming NNP 31023 24 21 Engines Engines NNP 31023 24 22 , , , 31023 24 23 Williamsport Williamsport NNP 31023 24 24 , , , 31023 24 25 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania NNP 31023 24 26 ; ; : 31023 24 27 Barry Barry NNP 31023 24 28 Tully Tully NNP 31023 24 29 , , , 31023 24 30 Goodyear Goodyear NNP 31023 24 31 Aircraft Aircraft NNP 31023 24 32 , , , 31023 24 33 Akron Akron NNP 31023 24 34 , , , 31023 24 35 Ohio Ohio NNP 31023 24 36 ; ; : 31023 24 37 Richard Richard NNP 31023 24 38 S. S. NNP 31023 24 39 Allen Allen NNP 31023 24 40 , , , 31023 24 41 aviation aviation NN 31023 24 42 author author NN 31023 24 43 , , , 31023 24 44 Round Round NNP 31023 24 45 Lake Lake NNP 31023 24 46 , , , 31023 24 47 New New NNP 31023 24 48 York York NNP 31023 24 49 ; ; : 31023 24 50 William William NNP 31023 24 51 H. H. NNP 31023 24 52 Cramer Cramer NNP 31023 24 53 , , , 31023 24 54 brother brother NN 31023 24 55 of of IN 31023 24 56 Parker Parker NNP 31023 24 57 D. D. NNP 31023 24 58 Cramer Cramer NNP 31023 24 59 , , , 31023 24 60 Wantagh Wantagh NNP 31023 24 61 , , , 31023 24 62 New New NNP 31023 24 63 York York NNP 31023 24 64 ; ; : 31023 24 65 Erik Erik NNP 31023 24 66 Hildes Hildes NNP 31023 24 67 - - HYPH 31023 24 68 Heim Heim NNP 31023 24 69 , , , 31023 24 70 Early Early NNP 31023 24 71 Bird Bird NNP 31023 24 72 and and CC 31023 24 73 aviation aviation NN 31023 24 74 historian historian NN 31023 24 75 , , , 31023 24 76 Fairfield Fairfield NNP 31023 24 77 , , , 31023 24 78 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 31023 24 79 . . . 31023 25 1 I -PRON- PRP 31023 25 2 am be VBP 31023 25 3 particularly particularly RB 31023 25 4 grateful grateful JJ 31023 25 5 to to IN 31023 25 6 curators curator NNS 31023 25 7 of of IN 31023 25 8 the the DT 31023 25 9 following follow VBG 31023 25 10 museums museum NNS 31023 25 11 who who WP 31023 25 12 have have VBP 31023 25 13 been be VBN 31023 25 14 so so RB 31023 25 15 generous generous JJ 31023 25 16 in in IN 31023 25 17 their -PRON- PRP$ 31023 25 18 assistance assistance NN 31023 25 19 : : : 31023 25 20 Deutsches Deutsches NNP 31023 25 21 Museum Museum NNP 31023 25 22 , , , 31023 25 23 Munich Munich NNP 31023 25 24 , , , 31023 25 25 Germany Germany NNP 31023 25 26 ( ( -LRB- 31023 25 27 Dipl Dipl NNP 31023 25 28 . . . 31023 26 1 Ing Ing NNP 31023 26 2 . . . 31023 27 1 W. W. NNP 31023 27 2 Jackle Jackle NNP 31023 27 3 ) ) -RRB- 31023 27 4 ; ; : 31023 27 5 Henry Henry NNP 31023 27 6 Ford Ford NNP 31023 27 7 Museum Museum NNP 31023 27 8 , , , 31023 27 9 Dearborn Dearborn NNP 31023 27 10 , , , 31023 27 11 Michigan Michigan NNP 31023 27 12 ( ( -LRB- 31023 27 13 Leslie Leslie NNP 31023 27 14 , , , 31023 27 15 R. R. NNP 31023 27 16 Henry Henry NNP 31023 27 17 ) ) -RRB- 31023 27 18 ; ; : 31023 27 19 U.S. U.S. NNP 31023 27 20 Air Air NNP 31023 27 21 Force Force NNP 31023 27 22 Museum Museum NNP 31023 27 23 , , , 31023 27 24 Wright Wright NNP 31023 27 25 - - HYPH 31023 27 26 Patterson Patterson NNP 31023 27 27 Air Air NNP 31023 27 28 Force Force NNP 31023 27 29 Base Base NNP 31023 27 30 , , , 31023 27 31 Dayton Dayton NNP 31023 27 32 , , , 31023 27 33 Ohio Ohio NNP 31023 27 34 ( ( -LRB- 31023 27 35 Maj Maj NNP 31023 27 36 . . NNP 31023 27 37 Robert Robert NNP 31023 27 38 L. L. NNP 31023 27 39 Bryant Bryant NNP 31023 27 40 , , , 31023 27 41 Jr. Jr. NNP 31023 27 42 , , , 31023 27 43 director director NN 31023 27 44 ) ) -RRB- 31023 27 45 ; ; : 31023 27 46 Science Science NNP 31023 27 47 Museum Museum NNP 31023 27 48 , , , 31023 27 49 London London NNP 31023 27 50 , , , 31023 27 51 England England NNP 31023 27 52 ( ( -LRB- 31023 27 53 Lt Lt NNP 31023 27 54 . . NNP 31023 27 55 Comdr Comdr NNP 31023 27 56 . . . 31023 28 1 ( ( -LRB- 31023 28 2 E e NN 31023 28 3 ) ) -RRB- 31023 28 4 W. W. NNP 31023 28 5 J. J. NNP 31023 28 6 Tuck Tuck NNP 31023 28 7 , , , 31023 28 8 Royal Royal NNP 31023 28 9 Navy Navy NNP 31023 28 10 ) ) -RRB- 31023 28 11 . . . 31023 29 1 The the DT 31023 29 2 preparation preparation NN 31023 29 3 of of IN 31023 29 4 this this DT 31023 29 5 paper paper NN 31023 29 6 could could MD 31023 29 7 not not RB 31023 29 8 have have VB 31023 29 9 been be VBN 31023 29 10 accomplished accomplish VBN 31023 29 11 without without IN 31023 29 12 the the DT 31023 29 13 aid aid NN 31023 29 14 of of IN 31023 29 15 the the DT 31023 29 16 National National NNP 31023 29 17 Air Air NNP 31023 29 18 Museum Museum NNP 31023 29 19 of of IN 31023 29 20 the the DT 31023 29 21 Smithsonian Smithsonian NNP 31023 29 22 Institution Institution NNP 31023 29 23 and and CC 31023 29 24 the the DT 31023 29 25 help help NN 31023 29 26 of of IN 31023 29 27 Philip Philip NNP 31023 29 28 S. S. NNP 31023 29 29 Hopkins Hopkins NNP 31023 29 30 , , , 31023 29 31 director director NN 31023 29 32 , , , 31023 29 33 and and CC 31023 29 34 Paul Paul NNP 31023 29 35 E. E. NNP 31023 29 36 Garber Garber NNP 31023 29 37 , , , 31023 29 38 head head NN 31023 29 39 curator curator NN 31023 29 40 and and CC 31023 29 41 historian historian NN 31023 29 42 . . . 31023 30 1 Foreword Foreword NNP 31023 30 2 In in IN 31023 30 3 this this DT 31023 30 4 second second JJ 31023 30 5 number number NN 31023 30 6 of of IN 31023 30 7 the the DT 31023 30 8 _ _ NNP 31023 30 9 Smithsonian Smithsonian NNP 31023 30 10 Annals Annals NNP 31023 30 11 of of IN 31023 30 12 Flight Flight NNP 31023 30 13 _ _ NNP 31023 30 14 , , , 31023 30 15 Robert Robert NNP 31023 30 16 B. B. NNP 31023 30 17 Meyer Meyer NNP 31023 30 18 Jr. Jr. NNP 31023 30 19 , , , 31023 30 20 curator curator NN 31023 30 21 and and CC 31023 30 22 head head NN 31023 30 23 of of IN 31023 30 24 the the DT 31023 30 25 flight flight NN 31023 30 26 propulsion propulsion NN 31023 30 27 division division NN 31023 30 28 , , , 31023 30 29 tells tell VBZ 31023 30 30 the the DT 31023 30 31 story story NN 31023 30 32 of of IN 31023 30 33 the the DT 31023 30 34 first first JJ 31023 30 35 oil oil NN 31023 30 36 - - HYPH 31023 30 37 burning burn VBG 31023 30 38 engine engine NN 31023 30 39 to to TO 31023 30 40 power power NN 31023 30 41 an an DT 31023 30 42 airplane airplane NN 31023 30 43 , , , 31023 30 44 the the DT 31023 30 45 Packard Packard NNP 31023 30 46 diesel diesel NN 31023 30 47 engine engine NN 31023 30 48 of of IN 31023 30 49 1928 1928 CD 31023 30 50 , , , 31023 30 51 now now RB 31023 30 52 in in IN 31023 30 53 the the DT 31023 30 54 collections collection NNS 31023 30 55 of of IN 31023 30 56 the the DT 31023 30 57 National National NNP 31023 30 58 Air Air NNP 31023 30 59 Museum Museum NNP 31023 30 60 . . . 31023 31 1 The the DT 31023 31 2 author author NN 31023 31 3 's 's POS 31023 31 4 narrative narrative NN 31023 31 5 , , , 31023 31 6 well well RB 31023 31 7 illustrated illustrate VBN 31023 31 8 with with IN 31023 31 9 drawings drawing NNS 31023 31 10 and and CC 31023 31 11 photographs photograph NNS 31023 31 12 , , , 31023 31 13 provides provide VBZ 31023 31 14 a a DT 31023 31 15 historical historical JJ 31023 31 16 background background NN 31023 31 17 for for IN 31023 31 18 the the DT 31023 31 19 development development NN 31023 31 20 of of IN 31023 31 21 the the DT 31023 31 22 engine engine NN 31023 31 23 , , , 31023 31 24 and and CC 31023 31 25 a a DT 31023 31 26 technical technical JJ 31023 31 27 description description NN 31023 31 28 that that WDT 31023 31 29 includes include VBZ 31023 31 30 specifications specification NNS 31023 31 31 and and CC 31023 31 32 details detail NNS 31023 31 33 of of IN 31023 31 34 performance performance NN 31023 31 35 . . . 31023 32 1 It -PRON- PRP 31023 32 2 also also RB 31023 32 3 contains contain VBZ 31023 32 4 comments comment NNS 31023 32 5 from from IN 31023 32 6 men man NNS 31023 32 7 and and CC 31023 32 8 women woman NNS 31023 32 9 who who WP 31023 32 10 flew fly VBD 31023 32 11 planes plane NNS 31023 32 12 powered power VBN 31023 32 13 by by IN 31023 32 14 the the DT 31023 32 15 Packard Packard NNP 31023 32 16 diesel diesel NN 31023 32 17 . . . 31023 33 1 The the DT 31023 33 2 author author NN 31023 33 3 concludes conclude VBZ 31023 33 4 with with IN 31023 33 5 an an DT 31023 33 6 analysis analysis NN 31023 33 7 of of IN 31023 33 8 the the DT 31023 33 9 engine engine NN 31023 33 10 's 's POS 31023 33 11 advantages advantage NNS 31023 33 12 and and CC 31023 33 13 disadvantages disadvantage NNS 31023 33 14 . . . 31023 34 1 PHILIP PHILIP NNP 31023 34 2 S. S. NNP 31023 34 3 HOPKINS HOPKINS NNP 31023 34 4 _ _ NNP 31023 34 5 Director Director NNP 31023 34 6 , , , 31023 34 7 National National NNP 31023 34 8 Air Air NNP 31023 34 9 Museum Museum NNP 31023 34 10 _ _ NNP 31023 34 11 30 30 CD 31023 34 12 July July NNP 31023 34 13 1964 1964 CD 31023 34 14 Introduction Introduction NNP 31023 34 15 On on IN 31023 34 16 display display NN 31023 34 17 in in IN 31023 34 18 the the DT 31023 34 19 National National NNP 31023 34 20 Air Air NNP 31023 34 21 Museum Museum NNP 31023 34 22 , , , 31023 34 23 Smithsonian Smithsonian NNP 31023 34 24 Institution Institution NNP 31023 34 25 , , , 31023 34 26 is be VBZ 31023 34 27 the the DT 31023 34 28 first first JJ 31023 34 29 oil oil NN 31023 34 30 - - HYPH 31023 34 31 burning burn VBG 31023 34 32 engine engine NN 31023 34 33 to to TO 31023 34 34 power power NN 31023 34 35 an an DT 31023 34 36 airplane airplane NN 31023 34 37 . . . 31023 35 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 35 2 label label NN 31023 35 3 reads read VBZ 31023 35 4 : : : 31023 35 5 " " `` 31023 35 6 Packard Packard NNP 31023 35 7 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 35 8 Engine--1928 Engine--1928 NNP 31023 35 9 - - HYPH 31023 35 10 -This -This NNP 31023 35 11 first first JJ 31023 35 12 compression compression NN 31023 35 13 - - HYPH 31023 35 14 ignition ignition NN 31023 35 15 engine engine NN 31023 35 16 to to TO 31023 35 17 power power VB 31023 35 18 an an DT 31023 35 19 airplane airplane NN 31023 35 20 developed develop VBD 31023 35 21 225 225 CD 31023 35 22 hp hp NN 31023 35 23 at at IN 31023 35 24 1950 1950 CD 31023 35 25 revolutions revolution NNS 31023 35 26 per per IN 31023 35 27 minute minute NN 31023 35 28 . . . 31023 36 1 It -PRON- PRP 31023 36 2 was be VBD 31023 36 3 designed design VBN 31023 36 4 under under IN 31023 36 5 the the DT 31023 36 6 direction direction NN 31023 36 7 of of IN 31023 36 8 L. L. NNP 31023 36 9 M. M. NNP 31023 36 10 Woolson Woolson NNP 31023 36 11 . . . 31023 37 1 In in IN 31023 37 2 1931 1931 CD 31023 37 3 , , , 31023 37 4 a a DT 31023 37 5 production production NN 31023 37 6 example example NN 31023 37 7 of of IN 31023 37 8 this this DT 31023 37 9 engine engine NN 31023 37 10 powered power VBD 31023 37 11 a a DT 31023 37 12 Bellanca Bellanca NNP 31023 37 13 airplane airplane NN 31023 37 14 to to IN 31023 37 15 an an DT 31023 37 16 84 84 CD 31023 37 17 hour hour NN 31023 37 18 and and CC 31023 37 19 33 33 CD 31023 37 20 minute minute NN 31023 37 21 nonrefueled nonrefueled JJ 31023 37 22 duration duration NN 31023 37 23 record record NN 31023 37 24 which which WDT 31023 37 25 has have VBZ 31023 37 26 never never RB 31023 37 27 been be VBN 31023 37 28 equalled.--Weight equalled.--weight CD 31023 37 29 / / SYM 31023 37 30 power power NN 31023 37 31 ratio ratio NN 31023 37 32 : : : 31023 37 33 2.26 2.26 CD 31023 37 34 lb lb IN 31023 37 35 per per IN 31023 37 36 hp hp FW 31023 37 37 -- -- : 31023 37 38 Gift Gift NNP 31023 37 39 of of IN 31023 37 40 Packard Packard NNP 31023 37 41 Motor Motor NNP 31023 37 42 Car Car NNP 31023 37 43 Co. Co. NNP 31023 37 44 " " '' 31023 37 45 [ [ -LRB- 31023 37 46 Illustration illustration NN 31023 37 47 : : : 31023 37 48 Figure figure NN 31023 37 49 1 1 CD 31023 37 50 ( ( -LRB- 31023 37 51 left).--Front left).--front JJ 31023 37 52 view view NN 31023 37 53 of of IN 31023 37 54 first first JJ 31023 37 55 Packard Packard NNP 31023 37 56 diesel diesel NN 31023 37 57 , , , 31023 37 58 1928 1928 CD 31023 37 59 . . . 31023 38 1 Note note VB 31023 38 2 hoop hoop NN 31023 38 3 holding hold VBG 31023 38 4 cylinders cylinder NNS 31023 38 5 in in IN 31023 38 6 place place NN 31023 38 7 and and CC 31023 38 8 absence absence NN 31023 38 9 of of IN 31023 38 10 venturi venturi NN 31023 38 11 throttles throttle NNS 31023 38 12 . . . 31023 39 1 This this DT 31023 39 2 engine engine NN 31023 39 3 was be VBD 31023 39 4 equipped equip VBN 31023 39 5 with with IN 31023 39 6 an an DT 31023 39 7 air air NN 31023 39 8 pressure pressure NN 31023 39 9 starting start VBG 31023 39 10 system system NN 31023 39 11 . . . 31023 40 1 ( ( -LRB- 31023 40 2 Smithsonian smithsonian JJ 31023 40 3 photo photo NN 31023 40 4 A2388 A2388 NNP 31023 40 5 . . . 31023 40 6 ) ) -RRB- 31023 40 7 ] ] -RRB- 31023 41 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 41 2 Illustration illustration NN 31023 41 3 : : : 31023 41 4 Figure figure NN 31023 41 5 2 2 CD 31023 41 6 ( ( -LRB- 31023 41 7 right).--Left right).--left PRP$ 31023 41 8 side side JJ 31023 41 9 view view NN 31023 41 10 of of IN 31023 41 11 first first JJ 31023 41 12 Packard Packard NNP 31023 41 13 diesel diesel NN 31023 41 14 , , , 31023 41 15 1928 1928 CD 31023 41 16 . . . 31023 42 1 Heywood Heywood NNP 31023 42 2 starter starter NN 31023 42 3 ( ( -LRB- 31023 42 4 air air NN 31023 42 5 ) ) -RRB- 31023 42 6 fitting fitting NN 31023 42 7 shown show VBN 31023 42 8 on on IN 31023 42 9 the the DT 31023 42 10 head head NN 31023 42 11 of of IN 31023 42 12 the the DT 31023 42 13 next next JJ 31023 42 14 to to IN 31023 42 15 lowest low JJS 31023 42 16 cylinder cylinder NN 31023 42 17 . . . 31023 43 1 ( ( -LRB- 31023 43 2 Smithsonian smithsonian JJ 31023 43 3 photo photo NN 31023 43 4 A2388C. A2388C. NFP 31023 43 5 ) ) -RRB- 31023 43 6 ] ] -RRB- 31023 44 1 This this DT 31023 44 2 revolutionary revolutionary JJ 31023 44 3 engine engine NN 31023 44 4 was be VBD 31023 44 5 created create VBN 31023 44 6 in in IN 31023 44 7 the the DT 31023 44 8 short short JJ 31023 44 9 time time NN 31023 44 10 of of IN 31023 44 11 one one CD 31023 44 12 year year NN 31023 44 13 . . . 31023 45 1 Within within IN 31023 45 2 two two CD 31023 45 3 years year NNS 31023 45 4 of of IN 31023 45 5 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 45 6 introduction introduction NN 31023 45 7 in in IN 31023 45 8 1928 1928 CD 31023 45 9 , , , 31023 45 10 airplane airplane NN 31023 45 11 diesel diesel NN 31023 45 12 engines engine NNS 31023 45 13 were be VBD 31023 45 14 being be VBG 31023 45 15 tested test VBN 31023 45 16 in in IN 31023 45 17 England England NNP 31023 45 18 by by IN 31023 45 19 Rolls Rolls NNP 31023 45 20 - - HYPH 31023 45 21 Royce Royce NNP 31023 45 22 , , , 31023 45 23 in in IN 31023 45 24 France France NNP 31023 45 25 by by IN 31023 45 26 Panhard Panhard NNP 31023 45 27 , , , 31023 45 28 in in IN 31023 45 29 Germany Germany NNP 31023 45 30 by by IN 31023 45 31 Junkers Junkers NNPS 31023 45 32 , , , 31023 45 33 in in IN 31023 45 34 Italy Italy NNP 31023 45 35 by by IN 31023 45 36 Fiat Fiat NNP 31023 45 37 , , , 31023 45 38 and and CC 31023 45 39 in in IN 31023 45 40 the the DT 31023 45 41 United United NNP 31023 45 42 States States NNP 31023 45 43 by by IN 31023 45 44 Guiberson Guiberson NNP 31023 45 45 . . . 31023 46 1 Packard Packard NNP 31023 46 2 had have VBD 31023 46 3 demonstrated demonstrate VBN 31023 46 4 to to IN 31023 46 5 the the DT 31023 46 6 world world NN 31023 46 7 the the DT 31023 46 8 remarkable remarkable JJ 31023 46 9 economy economy NN 31023 46 10 and and CC 31023 46 11 safety safety NN 31023 46 12 of of IN 31023 46 13 the the DT 31023 46 14 airplane airplane NN 31023 46 15 diesel diesel NN 31023 46 16 engine engine NN 31023 46 17 , , , 31023 46 18 and and CC 31023 46 19 the the DT 31023 46 20 response response NN 31023 46 21 was be VBD 31023 46 22 immediate immediate JJ 31023 46 23 and and CC 31023 46 24 favorable favorable JJ 31023 46 25 . . . 31023 47 1 The the DT 31023 47 2 novelty novelty NN 31023 47 3 and and CC 31023 47 4 performance performance NN 31023 47 5 of of IN 31023 47 6 the the DT 31023 47 7 Packard Packard NNP 31023 47 8 diesel diesel NN 31023 47 9 assured assure VBD 31023 47 10 it -PRON- PRP 31023 47 11 a a DT 31023 47 12 large large JJ 31023 47 13 and and CC 31023 47 14 attentive attentive JJ 31023 47 15 audience audience NN 31023 47 16 wherever wherever WRB 31023 47 17 it -PRON- PRP 31023 47 18 was be VBD 31023 47 19 exhibited exhibit VBN 31023 47 20 . . . 31023 48 1 Yet yet CC 31023 48 2 in in IN 31023 48 3 spite spite NN 31023 48 4 of of IN 31023 48 5 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 48 6 performance performance NN 31023 48 7 record record VB 31023 48 8 the the DT 31023 48 9 engine engine NN 31023 48 10 was be VBD 31023 48 11 doomed doom VBN 31023 48 12 to to IN 31023 48 13 failure failure NN 31023 48 14 by by IN 31023 48 15 reason reason NN 31023 48 16 of of IN 31023 48 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 48 18 design design NN 31023 48 19 , , , 31023 48 20 and and CC 31023 48 21 it -PRON- PRP 31023 48 22 was be VBD 31023 48 23 further further RB 31023 48 24 handicapped handicap VBN 31023 48 25 by by IN 31023 48 26 having have VBG 31023 48 27 been be VBN 31023 48 28 rushed rush VBN 31023 48 29 into into IN 31023 48 30 production production NN 31023 48 31 before before IN 31023 48 32 it -PRON- PRP 31023 48 33 could could MD 31023 48 34 be be VB 31023 48 35 thoroughly thoroughly RB 31023 48 36 tested test VBN 31023 48 37 . . . 31023 49 1 History history NN 31023 49 2 The the DT 31023 49 3 official official JJ 31023 49 4 beginning beginning NN 31023 49 5 of of IN 31023 49 6 the the DT 31023 49 7 Packard Packard NNP 31023 49 8 diesel diesel NN 31023 49 9 engine engine NN 31023 49 10 can can MD 31023 49 11 be be VB 31023 49 12 traced trace VBN 31023 49 13 to to IN 31023 49 14 a a DT 31023 49 15 license license NN 31023 49 16 agreement agreement NN 31023 49 17 dated date VBN 31023 49 18 August August NNP 31023 49 19 18 18 CD 31023 49 20 , , , 31023 49 21 1927 1927 CD 31023 49 22 , , , 31023 49 23 between between IN 31023 49 24 Alvan Alvan NNP 31023 49 25 Macauley Macauley NNP 31023 49 26 , , , 31023 49 27 president president NN 31023 49 28 of of IN 31023 49 29 the the DT 31023 49 30 Packard Packard NNP 31023 49 31 Motor Motor NNP 31023 49 32 Car Car NNP 31023 49 33 Company Company NNP 31023 49 34 of of IN 31023 49 35 Detroit Detroit NNP 31023 49 36 , , , 31023 49 37 Michigan Michigan NNP 31023 49 38 , , , 31023 49 39 and and CC 31023 49 40 Dipl Dipl NNP 31023 49 41 . . . 31023 50 1 Ing Ing NNP 31023 50 2 . . . 31023 51 1 Hermann Hermann NNP 31023 51 2 I. I. NNP 31023 52 1 A. A. NNP 31023 52 2 Dorner Dorner NNP 31023 52 3 , , , 31023 52 4 a a DT 31023 52 5 diesel diesel NN 31023 52 6 engine engine NN 31023 52 7 inventor inventor NN 31023 52 8 of of IN 31023 52 9 Hanover Hanover NNP 31023 52 10 , , , 31023 52 11 Germany Germany NNP 31023 52 12 . . . 31023 53 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 53 2 1 1 CD 31023 53 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 53 4 Before before IN 31023 53 5 the the DT 31023 53 6 agreement agreement NN 31023 53 7 was be VBD 31023 53 8 drawn draw VBN 31023 53 9 up up RP 31023 53 10 , , , 31023 53 11 Capt Capt NNP 31023 53 12 . . . 31023 54 1 Lionel Lionel NNP 31023 54 2 M. M. NNP 31023 54 3 Woolson Woolson NNP 31023 54 4 , , , 31023 54 5 chief chief JJ 31023 54 6 aeronautical aeronautical JJ 31023 54 7 engineer engineer NN 31023 54 8 for for IN 31023 54 9 Packard Packard NNP 31023 54 10 , , , 31023 54 11 tested test VBD 31023 54 12 an an DT 31023 54 13 air air NN 31023 54 14 - - HYPH 31023 54 15 cooled cool VBN 31023 54 16 and and CC 31023 54 17 a a DT 31023 54 18 water water NN 31023 54 19 - - HYPH 31023 54 20 cooled cool VBN 31023 54 21 diesel diesel NN 31023 54 22 that that IN 31023 54 23 Dorner Dorner NNP 31023 54 24 had have VBD 31023 54 25 designed design VBN 31023 54 26 and and CC 31023 54 27 built build VBN 31023 54 28 in in IN 31023 54 29 Germany Germany NNP 31023 54 30 . . . 31023 55 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 55 2 2 2 LS 31023 55 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 55 4 Both both DT 31023 55 5 engines engine NNS 31023 55 6 attained attain VBD 31023 55 7 the the DT 31023 55 8 then then RB 31023 55 9 high high JJ 31023 55 10 revolutions revolution NNS 31023 55 11 per per IN 31023 55 12 minute minute NN 31023 55 13 of of IN 31023 55 14 2000 2000 CD 31023 55 15 and and CC 31023 55 16 proved prove VBD 31023 55 17 efficient efficient JJ 31023 55 18 and and CC 31023 55 19 durable durable JJ 31023 55 20 . . . 31023 56 1 They -PRON- PRP 31023 56 2 demonstrated demonstrate VBD 31023 56 3 the the DT 31023 56 4 practicability practicability NN 31023 56 5 of of IN 31023 56 6 Dorner Dorner NNP 31023 56 7 's 's POS 31023 56 8 patented patented JJ 31023 56 9 " " `` 31023 56 10 solid solid JJ 31023 56 11 " " '' 31023 56 12 type type NN 31023 56 13 of of IN 31023 56 14 fuel fuel NN 31023 56 15 injection injection NN 31023 56 16 which which WDT 31023 56 17 formed form VBD 31023 56 18 the the DT 31023 56 19 basis basis NN 31023 56 20 of of IN 31023 56 21 the the DT 31023 56 22 Packard Packard NNP 31023 56 23 diesel diesel NN 31023 56 24 's 's POS 31023 56 25 design design NN 31023 56 26 . . . 31023 57 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 57 2 3 3 LS 31023 57 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 57 4 Using use VBG 31023 57 5 elements element NNS 31023 57 6 from from IN 31023 57 7 Dorner Dorner NNP 31023 57 8 's 's POS 31023 57 9 engines engine NNS 31023 57 10 , , , 31023 57 11 Woolson Woolson NNP 31023 57 12 and and CC 31023 57 13 Dorner Dorner NNP 31023 57 14 designed design VBD 31023 57 15 the the DT 31023 57 16 Packard packard NN 31023 57 17 diesel diesel NN 31023 57 18 with with IN 31023 57 19 the the DT 31023 57 20 help help NN 31023 57 21 of of IN 31023 57 22 Packard packard NN 31023 57 23 engineers engineer NNS 31023 57 24 and and CC 31023 57 25 Dorner Dorner NNP 31023 57 26 's 's POS 31023 57 27 assistant assistant NN 31023 57 28 , , , 31023 57 29 Adolph Adolph NNP 31023 57 30 Widmann Widmann NNP 31023 57 31 . . . 31023 58 1 Woolson Woolson NNP 31023 58 2 was be VBD 31023 58 3 responsible responsible JJ 31023 58 4 for for IN 31023 58 5 the the DT 31023 58 6 weight weight NN 31023 58 7 - - HYPH 31023 58 8 saving save VBG 31023 58 9 features feature NNS 31023 58 10 , , , 31023 58 11 and and CC 31023 58 12 Dorner Dorner NNP 31023 58 13 for for IN 31023 58 14 the the DT 31023 58 15 combustion combustion NN 31023 58 16 system system NN 31023 58 17 . . . 31023 59 1 The the DT 31023 59 2 historic historic JJ 31023 59 3 first first JJ 31023 59 4 flight flight NN 31023 59 5 took take VBD 31023 59 6 place place NN 31023 59 7 on on IN 31023 59 8 September September NNP 31023 59 9 19 19 CD 31023 59 10 , , , 31023 59 11 1928 1928 CD 31023 59 12 , , , 31023 59 13 at at IN 31023 59 14 the the DT 31023 59 15 Packard Packard NNP 31023 59 16 proving proving NN 31023 59 17 grounds ground NNS 31023 59 18 in in IN 31023 59 19 Utica Utica NNP 31023 59 20 , , , 31023 59 21 Michigan Michigan NNP 31023 59 22 , , , 31023 59 23 just just RB 31023 59 24 a a DT 31023 59 25 year year NN 31023 59 26 and and CC 31023 59 27 a a DT 31023 59 28 month month NN 31023 59 29 from from IN 31023 59 30 the the DT 31023 59 31 day day NN 31023 59 32 Dorner Dorner NNP 31023 59 33 agreed agree VBD 31023 59 34 to to TO 31023 59 35 join join VB 31023 59 36 the the DT 31023 59 37 Packard Packard NNP 31023 59 38 team team NN 31023 59 39 . . . 31023 60 1 Woolson Woolson NNP 31023 60 2 and and CC 31023 60 3 Walter Walter NNP 31023 60 4 E. E. NNP 31023 60 5 Lees Lees NNP 31023 60 6 , , , 31023 60 7 Packard Packard NNP 31023 60 8 's 's POS 31023 60 9 chief chief JJ 31023 60 10 test test NN 31023 60 11 pilot pilot NN 31023 60 12 , , , 31023 60 13 used use VBD 31023 60 14 a a DT 31023 60 15 Stinson Stinson NNP 31023 60 16 SM-1DX SM-1DX NNP 31023 60 17 " " '' 31023 60 18 Detroiter Detroiter NNP 31023 60 19 . . . 31023 60 20 " " '' 31023 61 1 The the DT 31023 61 2 flight flight NN 31023 61 3 was be VBD 31023 61 4 so so RB 31023 61 5 successful successful JJ 31023 61 6 , , , 31023 61 7 and and CC 31023 61 8 later later RB 31023 61 9 tests test NNS 31023 61 10 were be VBD 31023 61 11 so so RB 31023 61 12 encouraging encouraging JJ 31023 61 13 , , , 31023 61 14 that that IN 31023 61 15 Packard Packard NNP 31023 61 16 built build VBD 31023 61 17 a a DT 31023 61 18 $ $ $ 31023 61 19 650,000 650,000 CD 31023 61 20 plant plant NN 31023 61 21 during during IN 31023 61 22 the the DT 31023 61 23 first first JJ 31023 61 24 half half NN 31023 61 25 of of IN 31023 61 26 1929 1929 CD 31023 61 27 solely solely RB 31023 61 28 for for IN 31023 61 29 the the DT 31023 61 30 production production NN 31023 61 31 of of IN 31023 61 32 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 61 33 diesel diesel NN 31023 61 34 engine engine NN 31023 61 35 . . . 31023 62 1 The the DT 31023 62 2 factory factory NN 31023 62 3 was be VBD 31023 62 4 designed design VBN 31023 62 5 to to TO 31023 62 6 employ employ VB 31023 62 7 more more JJR 31023 62 8 than than IN 31023 62 9 600 600 CD 31023 62 10 men man NNS 31023 62 11 , , , 31023 62 12 and and CC 31023 62 13 500 500 CD 31023 62 14 engines engine NNS 31023 62 15 a a DT 31023 62 16 month month NN 31023 62 17 were be VBD 31023 62 18 to to TO 31023 62 19 have have VB 31023 62 20 been be VBN 31023 62 21 manufactured manufacture VBN 31023 62 22 by by IN 31023 62 23 July July NNP 31023 62 24 1929 1929 CD 31023 62 25 . . . 31023 63 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 63 2 4 4 CD 31023 63 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 63 4 [ [ -LRB- 31023 63 5 Illustration illustration NN 31023 63 6 : : : 31023 63 7 Figure Figure NNP 31023 63 8 3.--Alvan 3.--Alvan NNP 31023 63 9 Macauley Macauley NNP 31023 63 10 ( ( -LRB- 31023 63 11 left left RB 31023 63 12 ) ) -RRB- 31023 63 13 , , , 31023 63 14 President President NNP 31023 63 15 of of IN 31023 63 16 the the DT 31023 63 17 Packard Packard NNP 31023 63 18 Motor Motor NNP 31023 63 19 Car Car NNP 31023 63 20 Co. Co. NNP 31023 63 21 and and CC 31023 63 22 Col Col NNP 31023 63 23 . . NNP 31023 63 24 Charles Charles NNP 31023 63 25 A. A. NNP 31023 63 26 Lindbergh Lindbergh NNP 31023 63 27 with with IN 31023 63 28 the the DT 31023 63 29 original original JJ 31023 63 30 Packard Packard NNP 31023 63 31 diesel diesel NN 31023 63 32 - - HYPH 31023 63 33 powered power VBN 31023 63 34 Stinson Stinson NNP 31023 63 35 " " `` 31023 63 36 Detroiter Detroiter NNP 31023 63 37 " " '' 31023 63 38 in in IN 31023 63 39 the the DT 31023 63 40 background background NN 31023 63 41 , , , 31023 63 42 1929 1929 CD 31023 63 43 . . . 31023 64 1 ( ( -LRB- 31023 64 2 Smithsonian smithsonian JJ 31023 64 3 photo photo NN 31023 64 4 A48319D. a48319d. IN 31023 64 5 ) ) -RRB- 31023 64 6 ] ] -RRB- 31023 65 1 The the DT 31023 65 2 engine engine NN 31023 65 3 's 's POS 31023 65 4 first first JJ 31023 65 5 cross cross JJ 31023 65 6 - - JJ 31023 65 7 country country JJ 31023 65 8 flight flight NN 31023 65 9 was be VBD 31023 65 10 accomplished accomplish VBN 31023 65 11 on on IN 31023 65 12 May May NNP 31023 65 13 13 13 CD 31023 65 14 , , , 31023 65 15 1929 1929 CD 31023 65 16 , , , 31023 65 17 when when WRB 31023 65 18 Lees Lees NNP 31023 65 19 flew fly VBD 31023 65 20 the the DT 31023 65 21 Stinson Stinson NNP 31023 65 22 SM-1DX SM-1DX NNP 31023 65 23 " " `` 31023 65 24 Detroiter Detroiter NNP 31023 65 25 " " '' 31023 65 26 from from IN 31023 65 27 Detroit Detroit NNP 31023 65 28 , , , 31023 65 29 Michigan Michigan NNP 31023 65 30 , , , 31023 65 31 to to IN 31023 65 32 Norfolk Norfolk NNP 31023 65 33 , , , 31023 65 34 Virginia Virginia NNP 31023 65 35 , , , 31023 65 36 carrying carry VBG 31023 65 37 Woolson Woolson NNP 31023 65 38 to to IN 31023 65 39 the the DT 31023 65 40 annual annual JJ 31023 65 41 field field NN 31023 65 42 day day NN 31023 65 43 of of IN 31023 65 44 the the DT 31023 65 45 National National NNP 31023 65 46 Advisory Advisory NNP 31023 65 47 Committee Committee NNP 31023 65 48 for for IN 31023 65 49 Aeronautics Aeronautics NNP 31023 65 50 at at IN 31023 65 51 Langley Langley NNP 31023 65 52 Field Field NNP 31023 65 53 . . . 31023 66 1 The the DT 31023 66 2 700-mile 700-mile CD 31023 66 3 trip trip NN 31023 66 4 was be VBD 31023 66 5 flown fly VBN 31023 66 6 in in IN 31023 66 7 6 6 CD 31023 66 8 - - HYPH 31023 66 9 1/2 1/2 CD 31023 66 10 hours hour NNS 31023 66 11 , , , 31023 66 12 and and CC 31023 66 13 the the DT 31023 66 14 cost cost NN 31023 66 15 of of IN 31023 66 16 the the DT 31023 66 17 fuel fuel NN 31023 66 18 consumed consume VBN 31023 66 19 was be VBD 31023 66 20 $ $ $ 31023 66 21 4.68 4.68 CD 31023 66 22 . . . 31023 67 1 Had have VBD 31023 67 2 the the DT 31023 67 3 airplane airplane NN 31023 67 4 been be VBN 31023 67 5 powered power VBN 31023 67 6 with with IN 31023 67 7 a a DT 31023 67 8 comparable comparable JJ 31023 67 9 gasoline gasoline NN 31023 67 10 engine engine NN 31023 67 11 , , , 31023 67 12 the the DT 31023 67 13 fuel fuel NN 31023 67 14 cost cost NN 31023 67 15 would would MD 31023 67 16 have have VB 31023 67 17 been be VBN 31023 67 18 about about RB 31023 67 19 5 5 CD 31023 67 20 times time NNS 31023 67 21 as as RB 31023 67 22 great great JJ 31023 67 23 . . . 31023 68 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 68 2 5 5 CD 31023 68 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 68 4 On on IN 31023 68 5 March March NNP 31023 68 6 9 9 CD 31023 68 7 , , , 31023 68 8 1930 1930 CD 31023 68 9 , , , 31023 68 10 using use VBG 31023 68 11 the the DT 31023 68 12 same same JJ 31023 68 13 airplane airplane NN 31023 68 14 and and CC 31023 68 15 engine engine NN 31023 68 16 , , , 31023 68 17 Lees Lees NNP 31023 68 18 and and CC 31023 68 19 Woolson Woolson NNP 31023 68 20 flew fly VBD 31023 68 21 from from IN 31023 68 22 Detroit Detroit NNP 31023 68 23 , , , 31023 68 24 Michigan Michigan NNP 31023 68 25 , , , 31023 68 26 to to IN 31023 68 27 Miami Miami NNP 31023 68 28 , , , 31023 68 29 Florida Florida NNP 31023 68 30 , , , 31023 68 31 a a DT 31023 68 32 distance distance NN 31023 68 33 of of IN 31023 68 34 1100 1100 CD 31023 68 35 miles mile NNS 31023 68 36 in in IN 31023 68 37 10 10 CD 31023 68 38 hours hour NNS 31023 68 39 and and CC 31023 68 40 15 15 CD 31023 68 41 minutes minute NNS 31023 68 42 with with IN 31023 68 43 a a DT 31023 68 44 fuel fuel NN 31023 68 45 cost cost NN 31023 68 46 of of IN 31023 68 47 $ $ $ 31023 68 48 8.50 8.50 CD 31023 68 49 . . . 31023 69 1 The the DT 31023 69 2 production production NN 31023 69 3 engine engine NN 31023 69 4 , , , 31023 69 5 slightly slightly RB 31023 69 6 refined refine VBN 31023 69 7 from from IN 31023 69 8 the the DT 31023 69 9 original original JJ 31023 69 10 , , , 31023 69 11 received receive VBD 31023 69 12 the the DT 31023 69 13 first first JJ 31023 69 14 approved approve VBN 31023 69 15 type type NN 31023 69 16 certificate certificate NN 31023 69 17 issued issue VBN 31023 69 18 for for IN 31023 69 19 any any DT 31023 69 20 diesel diesel NN 31023 69 21 aircraft aircraft NN 31023 69 22 engine engine NN 31023 69 23 on on IN 31023 69 24 March March NNP 31023 69 25 6 6 CD 31023 69 26 , , , 31023 69 27 1930 1930 CD 31023 69 28 . . . 31023 70 1 The the DT 31023 70 2 Department Department NNP 31023 70 3 of of IN 31023 70 4 Commerce Commerce NNP 31023 70 5 granted grant VBD 31023 70 6 certificate certificate NN 31023 70 7 no no UH 31023 70 8 . . . 31023 71 1 43 43 CD 31023 71 2 after after IN 31023 71 3 the the DT 31023 71 4 Packard Packard NNP 31023 71 5 Company Company NNP 31023 71 6 had have VBD 31023 71 7 ground- ground- NN 31023 71 8 and and CC 31023 71 9 flight flight NN 31023 71 10 - - HYPH 31023 71 11 tested test VBN 31023 71 12 this this DT 31023 71 13 type type NN 31023 71 14 of of IN 31023 71 15 engine engine NN 31023 71 16 for for IN 31023 71 17 approximately approximately RB 31023 71 18 338,000 338,000 CD 31023 71 19 hp hp NNP 31023 71 20 hr hr FW 31023 71 21 , , , 31023 71 22 or or CC 31023 71 23 about about RB 31023 71 24 1500 1500 CD 31023 71 25 hr hr NNS 31023 71 26 of of IN 31023 71 27 operation operation NN 31023 71 28 . . . 31023 72 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 72 2 6 6 CD 31023 72 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 72 4 [ [ -LRB- 31023 72 5 Illustration illustration NN 31023 72 6 : : : 31023 72 7 Figure Figure NNP 31023 72 8 4.--Dipl 4.--dipl CD 31023 72 9 . . . 31023 73 1 Ing Ing NNP 31023 73 2 . . . 31023 74 1 Hermann Hermann NNP 31023 74 2 I. I. NNP 31023 75 1 A. A. NNP 31023 75 2 Dorner Dorner NNP 31023 75 3 , , , 31023 75 4 1930 1930 CD 31023 75 5 . . . 31023 76 1 German german JJ 31023 76 2 diesel diesel NN 31023 76 3 engine engine NN 31023 76 4 designer designer NN 31023 76 5 , , , 31023 76 6 was be VBD 31023 76 7 responsible responsible JJ 31023 76 8 for for IN 31023 76 9 the the DT 31023 76 10 Packard Packard NNP 31023 76 11 DR-980 DR-980 NNP 31023 76 12 aircraft aircraft NN 31023 76 13 engine engine NN 31023 76 14 . . . 31023 77 1 ( ( -LRB- 31023 77 2 Smithsonian smithsonian JJ 31023 77 3 photo photo NN 31023 77 4 A48645 A48645 NNP 31023 77 5 . . . 31023 77 6 ) ) -RRB- 31023 77 7 ] ] -RRB- 31023 78 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 78 2 Illustration illustration NN 31023 78 3 : : : 31023 78 4 Figure figure NN 31023 78 5 5.--Capt 5.--capt CD 31023 78 6 . . . 31023 79 1 Lionel Lionel NNP 31023 79 2 M. M. NNP 31023 79 3 Woolson Woolson NNP 31023 79 4 , , , 31023 79 5 1931 1931 CD 31023 79 6 . . . 31023 80 1 Chief Chief NNP 31023 80 2 Aeronautical Aeronautical NNP 31023 80 3 Engineer Engineer NNP 31023 80 4 , , , 31023 80 5 Packard Packard NNP 31023 80 6 Motor Motor NNP 31023 80 7 Car Car NNP 31023 80 8 Co. Co. NNP 31023 81 1 Designer designer NN 31023 81 2 of of IN 31023 81 3 Packard Packard NNP 31023 81 4 DR-980 DR-980 NNP 31023 81 5 diesel diesel NN 31023 81 6 engine engine NN 31023 81 7 . . . 31023 82 1 ( ( -LRB- 31023 82 2 Smithsonian smithsonian JJ 31023 82 3 photo photo NN 31023 82 4 A48645A. a48645a. NN 31023 82 5 ) ) -RRB- 31023 82 6 ] ] -RRB- 31023 83 1 One one CD 31023 83 2 of of IN 31023 83 3 the the DT 31023 83 4 early early JJ 31023 83 5 production production NN 31023 83 6 versions version NNS 31023 83 7 powered power VBD 31023 83 8 a a DT 31023 83 9 Bellanca Bellanca NNP 31023 83 10 " " `` 31023 83 11 Pacemaker Pacemaker NNP 31023 83 12 " " '' 31023 83 13 which which WDT 31023 83 14 was be VBD 31023 83 15 piloted pilot VBN 31023 83 16 by by IN 31023 83 17 Lees Lees NNP 31023 83 18 and and CC 31023 83 19 his -PRON- PRP$ 31023 83 20 assistant assistant JJ 31023 83 21 Frederic Frederic NNP 31023 83 22 A. a. NN 31023 83 23 Brossy Brossy NNP 31023 83 24 to to IN 31023 83 25 a a DT 31023 83 26 world world NN 31023 83 27 's 's POS 31023 83 28 nonrefueling nonrefueling JJ 31023 83 29 heavier heavy JJR 31023 83 30 - - HYPH 31023 83 31 than than IN 31023 83 32 - - HYPH 31023 83 33 air air NN 31023 83 34 duration duration NN 31023 83 35 record record NN 31023 83 36 . . . 31023 84 1 The the DT 31023 84 2 flight flight NN 31023 84 3 lasted last VBD 31023 84 4 for for IN 31023 84 5 84 84 CD 31023 84 6 hours hour NNS 31023 84 7 , , , 31023 84 8 33 33 CD 31023 84 9 minutes minute NNS 31023 84 10 from from IN 31023 84 11 May May NNP 31023 84 12 25 25 CD 31023 84 13 through through IN 31023 84 14 28 28 CD 31023 84 15 , , , 31023 84 16 1931 1931 CD 31023 84 17 , , , 31023 84 18 over over IN 31023 84 19 Jacksonville Jacksonville NNP 31023 84 20 , , , 31023 84 21 Florida Florida NNP 31023 84 22 . . . 31023 85 1 This this DT 31023 85 2 event event NN 31023 85 3 was be VBD 31023 85 4 so so RB 31023 85 5 important important JJ 31023 85 6 that that IN 31023 85 7 it -PRON- PRP 31023 85 8 was be VBD 31023 85 9 the the DT 31023 85 10 basis basis NN 31023 85 11 of of IN 31023 85 12 the the DT 31023 85 13 following follow VBG 31023 85 14 editorial editorial NN 31023 85 15 , , , 31023 85 16 published publish VBN 31023 85 17 in in IN 31023 85 18 the the DT 31023 85 19 July July NNP 31023 85 20 1931 1931 CD 31023 85 21 issue issue NN 31023 85 22 of of IN 31023 85 23 _ _ NNP 31023 85 24 Aviation_,[7 Aviation_,[7 NNP 31023 85 25 ] ] -RRB- 31023 85 26 which which WDT 31023 85 27 summarizes summarize VBZ 31023 85 28 so so RB 31023 85 29 well well RB 31023 85 30 the the DT 31023 85 31 progress progress NN 31023 85 32 made make VBN 31023 85 33 by by IN 31023 85 34 the the DT 31023 85 35 diesel diesel NN 31023 85 36 engine engine NN 31023 85 37 over over IN 31023 85 38 a a DT 31023 85 39 3-year 3-year CD 31023 85 40 period period NN 31023 85 41 and and CC 31023 85 42 the the DT 31023 85 43 hope hope NN 31023 85 44 held hold VBN 31023 85 45 for for IN 31023 85 46 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 85 47 future future NN 31023 85 48 : : : 31023 85 49 A a DT 31023 85 50 RECORD record NN 31023 85 51 CROSSES crosse NNS 31023 85 52 THE the DT 31023 85 53 ATLANTIC ATLANTIC NNP 31023 85 54 -- -- : 31023 85 55 The the DT 31023 85 56 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 85 57 engine engine NN 31023 85 58 took take VBD 31023 85 59 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 85 60 first first JJ 31023 85 61 step step NN 31023 85 62 toward toward IN 31023 85 63 acceptance acceptance NN 31023 85 64 as as IN 31023 85 65 a a DT 31023 85 66 powerplant powerplant NN 31023 85 67 for for IN 31023 85 68 heavier heavy JJR 31023 85 69 - - HYPH 31023 85 70 than than IN 31023 85 71 - - HYPH 31023 85 72 air air NN 31023 85 73 craft craft NN 31023 85 74 when when WRB 31023 85 75 , , , 31023 85 76 in in IN 31023 85 77 the the DT 31023 85 78 summer summer NN 31023 85 79 of of IN 31023 85 80 1928 1928 CD 31023 85 81 , , , 31023 85 82 a a DT 31023 85 83 diesel diesel NN 31023 85 84 - - HYPH 31023 85 85 powered power VBN 31023 85 86 machine machine NN 31023 85 87 first first RB 31023 85 88 flew fly VBD 31023 85 89 . . . 31023 86 1 The the DT 31023 86 2 second second JJ 31023 86 3 step step NN 31023 86 4 was be VBD 31023 86 5 made make VBN 31023 86 6 at at IN 31023 86 7 the the DT 31023 86 8 1930 1930 CD 31023 86 9 Detroit Detroit NNP 31023 86 10 show show NN 31023 86 11 , , , 31023 86 12 when when WRB 31023 86 13 the the DT 31023 86 14 engine engine NN 31023 86 15 went go VBD 31023 86 16 on on IN 31023 86 17 commercial commercial JJ 31023 86 18 sale sale NN 31023 86 19 . . . 31023 87 1 The the DT 31023 87 2 third third JJ 31023 87 3 was be VBD 31023 87 4 accomplished accomplish VBN 31023 87 5 last last JJ 31023 87 6 month month NN 31023 87 7 , , , 31023 87 8 when when WRB 31023 87 9 a a DT 31023 87 10 plane plane NN 31023 87 11 with with IN 31023 87 12 a a DT 31023 87 13 compression compression NN 31023 87 14 - - HYPH 31023 87 15 ignition ignition NN 31023 87 16 engine engine NN 31023 87 17 using use VBG 31023 87 18 furnace furnace NN 31023 87 19 oil oil NN 31023 87 20 as as IN 31023 87 21 a a DT 31023 87 22 fuel fuel NN 31023 87 23 circled circle VBD 31023 87 24 over over IN 31023 87 25 the the DT 31023 87 26 beaches beach NNS 31023 87 27 around around IN 31023 87 28 Jacksonville Jacksonville NNP 31023 87 29 for for IN 31023 87 30 84 84 CD 31023 87 31 hours hour NNS 31023 87 32 and and CC 31023 87 33 inscribed inscribe VBD 31023 87 34 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 87 35 performance performance NN 31023 87 36 upon upon IN 31023 87 37 the the DT 31023 87 38 books book NNS 31023 87 39 as as IN 31023 87 40 a a DT 31023 87 41 world world NN 31023 87 42 's 's POS 31023 87 43 record record NN 31023 87 44 -- -- : 31023 87 45 the the DT 31023 87 46 longest long JJS 31023 87 47 flight flight NN 31023 87 48 ever ever RB 31023 87 49 made make VBN 31023 87 50 without without IN 31023 87 51 intermediate intermediate JJ 31023 87 52 refueling refueling NN 31023 87 53 . . . 31023 88 1 With with IN 31023 88 2 the the DT 31023 88 3 passing passing NN 31023 88 4 of of IN 31023 88 5 the the DT 31023 88 6 refueling refueling NN 31023 88 7 - - HYPH 31023 88 8 duration duration NN 31023 88 9 excitement excitement NN 31023 88 10 , , , 31023 88 11 and and CC 31023 88 12 with with IN 31023 88 13 the the DT 31023 88 14 apparent apparent JJ 31023 88 15 decision decision NN 31023 88 16 to to TO 31023 88 17 allow allow VB 31023 88 18 that that DT 31023 88 19 record record NN 31023 88 20 to to TO 31023 88 21 stand stand VB 31023 88 22 permanently permanently RB 31023 88 23 at at IN 31023 88 24 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 88 25 present present JJ 31023 88 26 level level NN 31023 88 27 , , , 31023 88 28 trials trial NNS 31023 88 29 for for IN 31023 88 30 straight straight JJ 31023 88 31 time time NN 31023 88 32 in in IN 31023 88 33 the the DT 31023 88 34 air air NN 31023 88 35 without without IN 31023 88 36 replenishment replenishment NN 31023 88 37 of of IN 31023 88 38 supplies supply NNS 31023 88 39 begin begin VBP 31023 88 40 to to TO 31023 88 41 regain regain VB 31023 88 42 a a DT 31023 88 43 proper proper JJ 31023 88 44 degree degree NN 31023 88 45 of of IN 31023 88 46 appreciation appreciation NN 31023 88 47 . . . 31023 89 1 No no DT 31023 89 2 other other JJ 31023 89 3 record record NN 31023 89 4 , , , 31023 89 5 unless unless IN 31023 89 6 it -PRON- PRP 31023 89 7 be be VB 31023 89 8 some some DT 31023 89 9 of of IN 31023 89 10 those those DT 31023 89 11 for for IN 31023 89 12 speed speed NN 31023 89 13 with with IN 31023 89 14 substantial substantial JJ 31023 89 15 dead dead JJ 31023 89 16 loads load NNS 31023 89 17 , , , 31023 89 18 is be VBZ 31023 89 19 of of IN 31023 89 20 such such JJ 31023 89 21 importance importance NN 31023 89 22 as as IN 31023 89 23 the the DT 31023 89 24 non non JJ 31023 89 25 - - JJ 31023 89 26 stop stop JJ 31023 89 27 distance distance NN 31023 89 28 and and CC 31023 89 29 duration duration NN 31023 89 30 marks mark NNS 31023 89 31 . . . 31023 90 1 No no DT 31023 90 2 other other JJ 31023 90 3 has have VBZ 31023 90 4 such such JJ 31023 90 5 bearing bearing NN 31023 90 6 upon upon IN 31023 90 7 precisely precisely RB 31023 90 8 those those DT 31023 90 9 qualities quality NNS 31023 90 10 of of IN 31023 90 11 aerodynamic aerodynamic JJ 31023 90 12 efficiency efficiency NN 31023 90 13 , , , 31023 90 14 fuel fuel NN 31023 90 15 economy economy NN 31023 90 16 , , , 31023 90 17 and and CC 31023 90 18 reliability reliability NN 31023 90 19 of of IN 31023 90 20 airplane airplane NN 31023 90 21 and and CC 31023 90 22 powerplant powerplant NN 31023 90 23 that that WDT 31023 90 24 most most JJS 31023 90 25 affect affect VBP 31023 90 26 commercial commercial JJ 31023 90 27 usefulness usefulness NN 31023 90 28 . . . 31023 91 1 It -PRON- PRP 31023 91 2 is be VBZ 31023 91 3 more more JJR 31023 91 4 than than IN 31023 91 5 three three CD 31023 91 6 years year NNS 31023 91 7 since since IN 31023 91 8 the the DT 31023 91 9 duration duration NN 31023 91 10 record record NN 31023 91 11 left leave VBD 31023 91 12 American american JJ 31023 91 13 shores shore NNS 31023 91 14 , , , 31023 91 15 and and CC 31023 91 16 it -PRON- PRP 31023 91 17 has have VBZ 31023 91 18 been be VBN 31023 91 19 more more RBR 31023 91 20 than than IN 31023 91 21 doubled double VBN 31023 91 22 in in IN 31023 91 23 that that DT 31023 91 24 time time NN 31023 91 25 . . . 31023 92 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 92 2 return return NN 31023 92 3 is be VBZ 31023 92 4 very very RB 31023 92 5 welcome welcome JJ 31023 92 6 . . . 31023 93 1 It -PRON- PRP 31023 93 2 is be VBZ 31023 93 3 doubly doubly RB 31023 93 4 welcome welcome JJ 31023 93 5 for for IN 31023 93 6 being be VBG 31023 93 7 made make VBN 31023 93 8 with with IN 31023 93 9 a a DT 31023 93 10 fundamentally fundamentally RB 31023 93 11 new new JJ 31023 93 12 type type NN 31023 93 13 of of IN 31023 93 14 engine engine NN 31023 93 15 . . . 31023 94 1 The the DT 31023 94 2 diesel diesel NN 31023 94 3 principle principle NN 31023 94 4 is be VBZ 31023 94 5 not not RB 31023 94 6 a a DT 31023 94 7 commercial commercial JJ 31023 94 8 monopoly monopoly NN 31023 94 9 . . . 31023 95 1 It -PRON- PRP 31023 95 2 is be VBZ 31023 95 3 open open JJ 31023 95 4 to to IN 31023 95 5 anyone anyone NN 31023 95 6 . . . 31023 96 1 Already already RB 31023 96 2 two two CD 31023 96 3 different different JJ 31023 96 4 designs design NNS 31023 96 5 in in IN 31023 96 6 America America NNP 31023 96 7 , , , 31023 96 8 and and CC 31023 96 9 one one CD 31023 96 10 or or CC 31023 96 11 two two CD 31023 96 12 in in IN 31023 96 13 Europe Europe NNP 31023 96 14 , , , 31023 96 15 have have VBP 31023 96 16 been be VBN 31023 96 17 in in IN 31023 96 18 the the DT 31023 96 19 air air NN 31023 96 20 . . . 31023 97 1 For for IN 31023 97 2 certain certain JJ 31023 97 3 purposes purpose NNS 31023 97 4 , , , 31023 97 5 at at IN 31023 97 6 least least JJS 31023 97 7 , , , 31023 97 8 it -PRON- PRP 31023 97 9 seems seem VBZ 31023 97 10 reasonable reasonable JJ 31023 97 11 to to TO 31023 97 12 expect expect VB 31023 97 13 that that IN 31023 97 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 97 15 special special JJ 31023 97 16 advantages advantage NNS 31023 97 17 will will MD 31023 97 18 bring bring VB 31023 97 19 it -PRON- PRP 31023 97 20 into into IN 31023 97 21 widespread widespread JJ 31023 97 22 use use NN 31023 97 23 . . . 31023 98 1 Every every DT 31023 98 2 practical practical JJ 31023 98 3 demonstration demonstration NN 31023 98 4 of of IN 31023 98 5 the the DT 31023 98 6 progress progress NN 31023 98 7 of of IN 31023 98 8 the the DT 31023 98 9 diesel diesel NN 31023 98 10 toward toward IN 31023 98 11 realizing realize VBG 31023 98 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 98 13 theoretical theoretical JJ 31023 98 14 possibilities possibility NNS 31023 98 15 in in IN 31023 98 16 the the DT 31023 98 17 air air NN 31023 98 18 as as IN 31023 98 19 it -PRON- PRP 31023 98 20 has have VBZ 31023 98 21 realized realize VBN 31023 98 22 them -PRON- PRP 31023 98 23 on on IN 31023 98 24 the the DT 31023 98 25 land land NN 31023 98 26 and and CC 31023 98 27 at at IN 31023 98 28 sea sea NN 31023 98 29 is be VBZ 31023 98 30 a a DT 31023 98 31 bit bit NN 31023 98 32 of of IN 31023 98 33 progress progress NN 31023 98 34 toward toward IN 31023 98 35 better well JJR 31023 98 36 and and CC 31023 98 37 more more RBR 31023 98 38 economical economical JJ 31023 98 39 commercial commercial JJ 31023 98 40 flying flying NN 31023 98 41 , , , 31023 98 42 and and CC 31023 98 43 so so RB 31023 98 44 benefits benefit VBZ 31023 98 45 the the DT 31023 98 46 whole whole JJ 31023 98 47 industry industry NN 31023 98 48 . . . 31023 99 1 The the DT 31023 99 2 fourth fourth JJ 31023 99 3 , , , 31023 99 4 and and CC 31023 99 5 next next JJ 31023 99 6 , , , 31023 99 7 main main JJ 31023 99 8 element element NN 31023 99 9 in in IN 31023 99 10 the the DT 31023 99 11 demonstration demonstration NN 31023 99 12 will will MD 31023 99 13 be be VB 31023 99 14 provided provide VBN 31023 99 15 when when WRB 31023 99 16 diesels diesel NNS 31023 99 17 go go VBP 31023 99 18 into into IN 31023 99 19 regular regular JJ 31023 99 20 service service NN 31023 99 21 on on IN 31023 99 22 some some DT 31023 99 23 well well RB 31023 99 24 - - HYPH 31023 99 25 known know VBN 31023 99 26 transport transport NN 31023 99 27 line line NN 31023 99 28 as as IN 31023 99 29 standard standard JJ 31023 99 30 equipment equipment NN 31023 99 31 , , , 31023 99 32 and and CC 31023 99 33 the the DT 31023 99 34 accumulation accumulation NN 31023 99 35 of of IN 31023 99 36 data datum NNS 31023 99 37 on on IN 31023 99 38 performance performance NN 31023 99 39 under under IN 31023 99 40 normal normal JJ 31023 99 41 service service NN 31023 99 42 conditions condition NNS 31023 99 43 begins begin VBZ 31023 99 44 . . . 31023 100 1 We -PRON- PRP 31023 100 2 believe believe VBP 31023 100 3 that that IN 31023 100 4 that that DT 31023 100 5 will will MD 31023 100 6 happen happen VB 31023 100 7 before before IN 31023 100 8 the the DT 31023 100 9 end end NN 31023 100 10 of of IN 31023 100 11 1932 1932 CD 31023 100 12 . . . 31023 101 1 Many many JJ 31023 101 2 men man NNS 31023 101 3 , , , 31023 101 4 from from IN 31023 101 5 Dr. Dr. NNP 31023 101 6 Rudolf Rudolf NNP 31023 101 7 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 101 8 to to IN 31023 101 9 Walter Walter NNP 31023 101 10 Lees Lees NNP 31023 101 11 and and CC 31023 101 12 Frederic Frederic NNP 31023 101 13 Brossy Brossy NNP 31023 101 14 , , , 31023 101 15 have have VBP 31023 101 16 had have VBN 31023 101 17 direct direct JJ 31023 101 18 or or CC 31023 101 19 indirect indirect JJ 31023 101 20 hands hand NNS 31023 101 21 in in IN 31023 101 22 the the DT 31023 101 23 making making NN 31023 101 24 of of IN 31023 101 25 this this DT 31023 101 26 record record NN 31023 101 27 . . . 31023 102 1 The the DT 31023 102 2 greatest great JJS 31023 102 3 of of IN 31023 102 4 all all DT 31023 102 5 contributions contribution NNS 31023 102 6 was be VBD 31023 102 7 that that DT 31023 102 8 of of IN 31023 102 9 Lionel Lionel NNP 31023 102 10 M. M. NNP 31023 102 11 Woolson Woolson NNP 31023 102 12 , , , 31023 102 13 who who WP 31023 102 14 created create VBD 31023 102 15 the the DT 31023 102 16 engine engine NN 31023 102 17 and and CC 31023 102 18 flew fly VBD 31023 102 19 with with IN 31023 102 20 it -PRON- PRP 31023 102 21 in in IN 31023 102 22 every every DT 31023 102 23 test test NN 31023 102 24 and and CC 31023 102 25 brought bring VBD 31023 102 26 it -PRON- PRP 31023 102 27 through through IN 31023 102 28 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 102 29 early early JJ 31023 102 30 troubles trouble NNS 31023 102 31 to to IN 31023 102 32 the the DT 31023 102 33 point point NN 31023 102 34 of of IN 31023 102 35 readiness readiness NN 31023 102 36 for for IN 31023 102 37 the the DT 31023 102 38 commercial commercial JJ 31023 102 39 market market NN 31023 102 40 . . . 31023 103 1 The the DT 31023 103 2 flight flight NN 31023 103 3 that that WDT 31023 103 4 lasted last VBD 31023 103 5 four four CD 31023 103 6 days day NNS 31023 103 7 and and CC 31023 103 8 three three CD 31023 103 9 nights night NNS 31023 103 10 is be VBZ 31023 103 11 his -PRON- PRP$ 31023 103 12 memorial memorial NN 31023 103 13 , , , 31023 103 14 quite quite RB 31023 103 15 as as RB 31023 103 16 much much JJ 31023 103 17 as as IN 31023 103 18 is be VBZ 31023 103 19 the the DT 31023 103 20 bronze bronze NN 31023 103 21 plaque plaque NN 31023 103 22 unveiled unveil VBN 31023 103 23 last last JJ 31023 103 24 April April NNP 31023 103 25 in in IN 31023 103 26 the the DT 31023 103 27 Detroit Detroit NNP 31023 103 28 show show VBP 31023 103 29 hangar hangar NN 31023 103 30 . . . 31023 104 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 104 2 Illustration illustration NN 31023 104 3 : : : 31023 104 4 Figure figure VB 31023 104 5 6.--Stinson 6.--stinson NN 31023 104 6 SM-1DX SM-1DX NNP 31023 104 7 " " `` 31023 104 8 Detroiter Detroiter NNP 31023 104 9 . . . 31023 104 10 " " '' 31023 105 1 This this DT 31023 105 2 airplane airplane NN 31023 105 3 , , , 31023 105 4 powered power VBN 31023 105 5 with with IN 31023 105 6 original original JJ 31023 105 7 Packard Packard NNP 31023 105 8 DR-980 DR-980 NNP 31023 105 9 diesel diesel NN 31023 105 10 engine engine NN 31023 105 11 , , , 31023 105 12 made make VBD 31023 105 13 the the DT 31023 105 14 world world NN 31023 105 15 's 's POS 31023 105 16 first first JJ 31023 105 17 diesel diesel NN 31023 105 18 - - HYPH 31023 105 19 powered power VBN 31023 105 20 flight flight NN 31023 105 21 on on IN 31023 105 22 September September NNP 31023 105 23 19 19 CD 31023 105 24 , , , 31023 105 25 1928 1928 CD 31023 105 26 . . . 31023 106 1 ( ( -LRB- 31023 106 2 Photo photo NN 31023 106 3 courtesy courtesy NN 31023 106 4 of of IN 31023 106 5 Henry Henry NNP 31023 106 6 Ford Ford NNP 31023 106 7 Museum Museum NNP 31023 106 8 , , , 31023 106 9 Dearborn Dearborn NNP 31023 106 10 , , , 31023 106 11 Michigan Michigan NNP 31023 106 12 . . . 31023 106 13 ) ) -RRB- 31023 106 14 ] ] -RRB- 31023 107 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 107 2 Illustration illustration NN 31023 107 3 : : : 31023 107 4 Figure Figure NNP 31023 107 5 7.--Packard 7.--Packard NNP 31023 107 6 - - HYPH 31023 107 7 Bellanca Bellanca NNP 31023 107 8 " " `` 31023 107 9 Pacemaker Pacemaker NNP 31023 107 10 . . . 31023 107 11 " " '' 31023 108 1 This this DT 31023 108 2 airplane airplane NN 31023 108 3 , , , 31023 108 4 powered power VBN 31023 108 5 by by IN 31023 108 6 a a DT 31023 108 7 Packard Packard NNP 31023 108 8 DR-980 DR-980 NNP 31023 108 9 diesel diesel NN 31023 108 10 , , , 31023 108 11 holds hold VBZ 31023 108 12 the the DT 31023 108 13 world world NN 31023 108 14 's 's POS 31023 108 15 record record NN 31023 108 16 for for IN 31023 108 17 nonrefueling nonrefueling NN 31023 108 18 , , , 31023 108 19 heavier heavy JJR 31023 108 20 - - HYPH 31023 108 21 than than IN 31023 108 22 - - HYPH 31023 108 23 air air NN 31023 108 24 aircraft aircraft NN 31023 108 25 duration duration NN 31023 108 26 flight flight NN 31023 108 27 . . . 31023 109 1 The the DT 31023 109 2 flight flight NN 31023 109 3 lasted last VBD 31023 109 4 84 84 CD 31023 109 5 hours hour NNS 31023 109 6 , , , 31023 109 7 33 33 CD 31023 109 8 minutes minute NNS 31023 109 9 , , , 31023 109 10 1 1 CD 31023 109 11 - - SYM 31023 109 12 1/4 1/4 CD 31023 109 13 seconds second NNS 31023 109 14 , , , 31023 109 15 and and CC 31023 109 16 was be VBD 31023 109 17 completed complete VBN 31023 109 18 on on IN 31023 109 19 May May NNP 31023 109 20 28 28 CD 31023 109 21 , , , 31023 109 22 1931 1931 CD 31023 109 23 , , , 31023 109 24 Jacksonville Jacksonville NNP 31023 109 25 , , , 31023 109 26 Florida Florida NNP 31023 109 27 . . . 31023 110 1 ( ( -LRB- 31023 110 2 Smithsonian smithsonian JJ 31023 110 3 photo photo NN 31023 110 4 A48446B. a48446b. NN 31023 110 5 ) ) -RRB- 31023 110 6 ] ] -RRB- 31023 111 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 111 2 Illustration illustration NN 31023 111 3 : : : 31023 111 4 Figure figure NN 31023 111 5 8.--Verville 8.--Verville NNP 31023 111 6 " " `` 31023 111 7 Air Air NNP 31023 111 8 Coach Coach NNP 31023 111 9 , , , 31023 111 10 " " '' 31023 111 11 October October NNP 31023 111 12 1930 1930 CD 31023 111 13 . . . 31023 112 1 ( ( -LRB- 31023 112 2 Smithsonian smithsonian JJ 31023 112 3 photo photo NN 31023 112 4 A48844 A48844 NNP 31023 112 5 . . . 31023 112 6 ) ) -RRB- 31023 112 7 ] ] -RRB- 31023 113 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 113 2 Illustration illustration NN 31023 113 3 : : : 31023 113 4 Figure Figure NNP 31023 113 5 9.--Packard 9.--Packard NNP 31023 113 6 - - HYPH 31023 113 7 Bellanca Bellanca NNP 31023 113 8 " " `` 31023 113 9 Pacemaker Pacemaker NNP 31023 113 10 " " '' 31023 113 11 owned own VBN 31023 113 12 by by IN 31023 113 13 Transamerican Transamerican NNP 31023 113 14 Airlines Airlines NNPS 31023 113 15 Corporation Corporation NNP 31023 113 16 and and CC 31023 113 17 used use VBN 31023 113 18 by by IN 31023 113 19 Parker Parker NNP 31023 113 20 D. D. NNP 31023 113 21 Cramer Cramer NNP 31023 113 22 , , , 31023 113 23 pilot pilot NN 31023 113 24 , , , 31023 113 25 and and CC 31023 113 26 Oliver Oliver NNP 31023 113 27 L. L. NNP 31023 113 28 Paquette Paquette NNP 31023 113 29 , , , 31023 113 30 radio radio NN 31023 113 31 operator operator NN 31023 113 32 , , , 31023 113 33 in in IN 31023 113 34 their -PRON- PRP$ 31023 113 35 flight flight NN 31023 113 36 from from IN 31023 113 37 Detroit Detroit NNP 31023 113 38 , , , 31023 113 39 Michigan Michigan NNP 31023 113 40 , , , 31023 113 41 to to IN 31023 113 42 Lerwick Lerwick NNP 31023 113 43 , , , 31023 113 44 Shetland Shetland NNP 31023 113 45 Islands Islands NNP 31023 113 46 , , , 31023 113 47 summer summer NN 31023 113 48 1931 1931 CD 31023 113 49 . . . 31023 114 1 ( ( -LRB- 31023 114 2 Smithsonian smithsonian JJ 31023 114 3 photo photo NN 31023 114 4 A200 A200 NNP 31023 114 5 . . . 31023 114 6 ) ) -RRB- 31023 114 7 ] ] -RRB- 31023 115 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 115 2 Illustration illustration NN 31023 115 3 : : : 31023 115 4 Figure figure NN 31023 115 5 10.--Ford 10.--ford CD 31023 115 6 11-AT-1 11-AT-1 VBZ 31023 115 7 Trimotor Trimotor NNP 31023 115 8 , , , 31023 115 9 1930 1930 CD 31023 115 10 , , , 31023 115 11 with with IN 31023 115 12 3 3 CD 31023 115 13 Packard Packard NNP 31023 115 14 225-hp 225-hp CD 31023 115 15 DR-980 DR-980 NNP 31023 115 16 diesel diesel NN 31023 115 17 engines engine NNS 31023 115 18 . . . 31023 116 1 Note note VB 31023 116 2 special special JJ 31023 116 3 bracing bracing NN 31023 116 4 for for IN 31023 116 5 the the DT 31023 116 6 outboard outboard NN 31023 116 7 nacelles nacelle NNS 31023 116 8 . . . 31023 117 1 ( ( -LRB- 31023 117 2 Smithsonian smithsonian JJ 31023 117 3 photo photo NN 31023 117 4 A48311B. a48311b. NN 31023 117 5 ) ) -RRB- 31023 117 6 ] ] -RRB- 31023 118 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 118 2 Illustration illustration NN 31023 118 3 : : : 31023 118 4 Figure figure NN 31023 118 5 11.--Towle 11.--towle CD 31023 118 6 TA-3 TA-3 NNP 31023 118 7 Flying Flying NNP 31023 118 8 Boat Boat NNP 31023 118 9 , , , 31023 118 10 1930 1930 CD 31023 118 11 , , , 31023 118 12 with with IN 31023 118 13 2 2 CD 31023 118 14 Packard Packard NNP 31023 118 15 225-hp 225-hp CD 31023 118 16 DR-980 DR-980 NNP 31023 118 17 diesel diesel NN 31023 118 18 engines engine NNS 31023 118 19 . . . 31023 119 1 ( ( -LRB- 31023 119 2 Smithsonian smithsonian JJ 31023 119 3 photo photo NN 31023 119 4 A48319 A48319 NNP 31023 119 5 . . . 31023 119 6 ) ) -RRB- 31023 119 7 ] ] -RRB- 31023 120 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 120 2 Illustration illustration NN 31023 120 3 : : : 31023 120 4 Figure figure NN 31023 120 5 12.--Stewart 12.--stewart CD 31023 120 6 M-2 M-2 NNP 31023 120 7 Monoplane Monoplane NNP 31023 120 8 , , , 31023 120 9 1930 1930 CD 31023 120 10 , , , 31023 120 11 with with IN 31023 120 12 2 2 CD 31023 120 13 Packard Packard NNP 31023 120 14 225-hp 225-hp CD 31023 120 15 DR-980 DR-980 NNP 31023 120 16 diesel diesel NN 31023 120 17 engines engine NNS 31023 120 18 . . . 31023 121 1 ( ( -LRB- 31023 121 2 Smithsonian smithsonian JJ 31023 121 3 photo photo NN 31023 121 4 A48319C. a48319c. NN 31023 121 5 ) ) -RRB- 31023 121 6 ] ] -RRB- 31023 122 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 122 2 Illustration illustration NN 31023 122 3 : : : 31023 122 4 Figure figure NN 31023 122 5 13.--Consolidated 13.--consolidated CD 31023 122 6 XPT-8A XPT-8A NNP 31023 122 7 , , , 31023 122 8 1930 1930 CD 31023 122 9 . . . 31023 123 1 This this DT 31023 123 2 is be VBZ 31023 123 3 a a DT 31023 123 4 Consolidated Consolidated NNP 31023 123 5 PT-3A PT-3A NNP 31023 123 6 powered power VBN 31023 123 7 by by IN 31023 123 8 a a DT 31023 123 9 DR-980 DR-980 NNP 31023 123 10 Packard Packard NNP 31023 123 11 diesel diesel NN 31023 123 12 . . . 31023 124 1 ( ( -LRB- 31023 124 2 Smithsonian smithsonian JJ 31023 124 3 photo photo NN 31023 124 4 A48319E. a48319e. NN 31023 124 5 ) ) -RRB- 31023 124 6 ] ] -RRB- 31023 125 1 The the DT 31023 125 2 Robert Robert NNP 31023 125 3 J. J. NNP 31023 125 4 Collier Collier NNP 31023 125 5 Trophy Trophy NNP 31023 125 6 , , , 31023 125 7 America America NNP 31023 125 8 's 's POS 31023 125 9 highest high JJS 31023 125 10 aviation aviation NN 31023 125 11 award award NN 31023 125 12 , , , 31023 125 13 was be VBD 31023 125 14 won win VBN 31023 125 15 by by IN 31023 125 16 the the DT 31023 125 17 Packard Packard NNP 31023 125 18 Motor Motor NNP 31023 125 19 Car Car NNP 31023 125 20 Company Company NNP 31023 125 21 in in IN 31023 125 22 1931 1931 CD 31023 125 23 for for IN 31023 125 24 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 125 25 development development NN 31023 125 26 of of IN 31023 125 27 the the DT 31023 125 28 diesel diesel NN 31023 125 29 engine engine NN 31023 125 30 . . . 31023 126 1 The the DT 31023 126 2 formal formal JJ 31023 126 3 presentation presentation NN 31023 126 4 was be VBD 31023 126 5 made make VBN 31023 126 6 at at IN 31023 126 7 the the DT 31023 126 8 White White NNP 31023 126 9 House House NNP 31023 126 10 , , , 31023 126 11 March March NNP 31023 126 12 31 31 CD 31023 126 13 , , , 31023 126 14 1932 1932 CD 31023 126 15 , , , 31023 126 16 by by IN 31023 126 17 President President NNP 31023 126 18 Hoover Hoover NNP 31023 126 19 on on IN 31023 126 20 behalf behalf NN 31023 126 21 of of IN 31023 126 22 the the DT 31023 126 23 National National NNP 31023 126 24 Aeronautic Aeronautic NNP 31023 126 25 Association Association NNP 31023 126 26 . . . 31023 127 1 Alvan Alvan NNP 31023 127 2 Macauley Macauley NNP 31023 127 3 , , , 31023 127 4 president president NN 31023 127 5 of of IN 31023 127 6 the the DT 31023 127 7 Packard Packard NNP 31023 127 8 Motor Motor NNP 31023 127 9 Car Car NNP 31023 127 10 Company Company NNP 31023 127 11 , , , 31023 127 12 accepted accept VBD 31023 127 13 the the DT 31023 127 14 trophy trophy NN 31023 127 15 , , , 31023 127 16 saying say VBG 31023 127 17 : : : 31023 127 18 " " `` 31023 127 19 We -PRON- PRP 31023 127 20 do do VBP 31023 127 21 not not RB 31023 127 22 claim claim VB 31023 127 23 , , , 31023 127 24 Mr. Mr. NNP 31023 127 25 President President NNP 31023 127 26 , , , 31023 127 27 that that IN 31023 127 28 we -PRON- PRP 31023 127 29 have have VBP 31023 127 30 reached reach VBN 31023 127 31 the the DT 31023 127 32 final final JJ 31023 127 33 development development NN 31023 127 34 even even RB 31023 127 35 though though IN 31023 127 36 our -PRON- PRP$ 31023 127 37 diesel diesel NN 31023 127 38 aircraft aircraft NN 31023 127 39 engine engine NN 31023 127 40 is be VBZ 31023 127 41 an an DT 31023 127 42 accomplished accomplished JJ 31023 127 43 fact fact NN 31023 127 44 and and CC 31023 127 45 we -PRON- PRP 31023 127 46 have have VBP 31023 127 47 the the DT 31023 127 48 pioneer pioneer NN 31023 127 49 's 's POS 31023 127 50 joy joy NN 31023 127 51 of of IN 31023 127 52 knowing know VBG 31023 127 53 that that IN 31023 127 54 we -PRON- PRP 31023 127 55 have have VBP 31023 127 56 successfully successfully RB 31023 127 57 accomplished accomplish VBN 31023 127 58 what what WP 31023 127 59 had have VBD 31023 127 60 not not RB 31023 127 61 been be VBN 31023 127 62 done do VBN 31023 127 63 before before RB 31023 127 64 .... .... NFP 31023 127 65 "[8 "[8 LS 31023 127 66 ] ] -RRB- 31023 127 67 The the DT 31023 127 68 amazing amazing JJ 31023 127 69 early early JJ 31023 127 70 success success NN 31023 127 71 of of IN 31023 127 72 the the DT 31023 127 73 Packard Packard NNP 31023 127 74 diesel diesel NN 31023 127 75 is be VBZ 31023 127 76 illustrated illustrate VBN 31023 127 77 by by IN 31023 127 78 the the DT 31023 127 79 following follow VBG 31023 127 80 chronological chronological JJ 31023 127 81 summary summary NN 31023 127 82 : : : 31023 127 83 1927 1927 CD 31023 127 84 - - HYPH 31023 127 85 -License -license NN 31023 127 86 agreement agreement NN 31023 127 87 signed sign VBN 31023 127 88 between between IN 31023 127 89 Alvan Alvan NNP 31023 127 90 Macauley Macauley NNP 31023 127 91 and and CC 31023 127 92 Hermann Hermann NNP 31023 127 93 I. I. NNP 31023 128 1 A. A. NNP 31023 128 2 Dorner Dorner NNP 31023 128 3 to to TO 31023 128 4 permit permit VB 31023 128 5 designing designing NN 31023 128 6 of of IN 31023 128 7 the the DT 31023 128 8 engine engine NN 31023 128 9 . . . 31023 129 1 1928 1928 CD 31023 129 2 - - : 31023 129 3 -First -First JJR 31023 129 4 flight flight NN 31023 129 5 of of IN 31023 129 6 a a DT 31023 129 7 diesel diesel NN 31023 129 8 - - HYPH 31023 129 9 powered power VBN 31023 129 10 airplane airplane NN 31023 129 11 accomplished accomplish VBN 31023 129 12 . . . 31023 130 1 1929 1929 CD 31023 130 2 - - HYPH 31023 130 3 -First -First JJS 31023 130 4 cross cross JJ 31023 130 5 - - JJ 31023 130 6 country country NN 31023 130 7 flights flight NNS 31023 130 8 accomplished accomplish VBN 31023 130 9 . . . 31023 131 1 1930 1930 CD 31023 131 2 - - HYPH 31023 131 3 -Packard -packard NN 31023 131 4 diesels diesel NNS 31023 131 5 were be VBD 31023 131 6 sold sell VBN 31023 131 7 on on IN 31023 131 8 the the DT 31023 131 9 commercial commercial JJ 31023 131 10 market market NN 31023 131 11 and and CC 31023 131 12 were be VBD 31023 131 13 used use VBN 31023 131 14 to to IN 31023 131 15 power power NN 31023 131 16 airplanes airplane NNS 31023 131 17 manufactured manufacture VBN 31023 131 18 by by IN 31023 131 19 a a DT 31023 131 20 dozen dozen NN 31023 131 21 different different JJ 31023 131 22 American american JJ 31023 131 23 companies company NNS 31023 131 24 . . . 31023 132 1 1931 1931 CD 31023 132 2 - - : 31023 132 3 -World -World NNP 31023 132 4 's 's POS 31023 132 5 official official JJ 31023 132 6 duration duration NN 31023 132 7 record record NN 31023 132 8 for for IN 31023 132 9 nonrefueled nonrefueled JJ 31023 132 10 heavier heavy JJR 31023 132 11 - - HYPH 31023 132 12 than than IN 31023 132 13 - - HYPH 31023 132 14 air air NN 31023 132 15 flight flight NN 31023 132 16 . . . 31023 133 1 First first JJ 31023 133 2 flight flight NN 31023 133 3 across across IN 31023 133 4 the the DT 31023 133 5 Atlantic Atlantic NNP 31023 133 6 by by IN 31023 133 7 a a DT 31023 133 8 diesel diesel NN 31023 133 9 - - HYPH 31023 133 10 powered power VBN 31023 133 11 airplane airplane NN 31023 133 12 . . . 31023 134 1 1932 1932 CD 31023 134 2 - - HYPH 31023 134 3 -Packard -packard NN 31023 134 4 diesels diesel NNS 31023 134 5 tested test VBN 31023 134 6 successfully successfully RB 31023 134 7 in in IN 31023 134 8 the the DT 31023 134 9 Goodyear Goodyear NNP 31023 134 10 nonrigid nonrigid JJ 31023 134 11 airship airship NN 31023 134 12 _ _ NNP 31023 134 13 Defender Defender NNP 31023 134 14 _ _ NNP 31023 134 15 . . . 31023 135 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 135 2 9 9 CD 31023 135 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 135 4 Official official JJ 31023 135 5 American american JJ 31023 135 6 altitude altitude NN 31023 135 7 record record NN 31023 135 8 for for IN 31023 135 9 diesel diesel NN 31023 135 10 - - HYPH 31023 135 11 powered power VBN 31023 135 12 airplanes airplane NNS 31023 135 13 established establish VBN 31023 135 14 ( ( -LRB- 31023 135 15 this this DT 31023 135 16 record record NN 31023 135 17 still still RB 31023 135 18 stands stand VBZ 31023 135 19 ) ) -RRB- 31023 135 20 . . . 31023 136 1 In in IN 31023 136 2 spite spite NN 31023 136 3 of of IN 31023 136 4 this this DT 31023 136 5 promising promising JJ 31023 136 6 record record NN 31023 136 7 , , , 31023 136 8 the the DT 31023 136 9 project project NN 31023 136 10 died die VBD 31023 136 11 in in IN 31023 136 12 1933 1933 CD 31023 136 13 . . . 31023 137 1 The the DT 31023 137 2 December December NNP 31023 137 3 1950 1950 CD 31023 137 4 issue issue NN 31023 137 5 of of IN 31023 137 6 _ _ NNP 31023 137 7 Pegasus Pegasus NNP 31023 137 8 _ _ NNP 31023 137 9 gave give VBD 31023 137 10 two two CD 31023 137 11 reasons reason NNS 31023 137 12 for for IN 31023 137 13 the the DT 31023 137 14 failure failure NN 31023 137 15 of of IN 31023 137 16 the the DT 31023 137 17 engine engine NN 31023 137 18 : : : 31023 137 19 " " `` 31023 137 20 One one CD 31023 137 21 blow blow NN 31023 137 22 had have VBD 31023 137 23 already already RB 31023 137 24 been be VBN 31023 137 25 dealt deal VBN 31023 137 26 the the DT 31023 137 27 program program NN 31023 137 28 through through IN 31023 137 29 the the DT 31023 137 30 accidental accidental JJ 31023 137 31 death death NN 31023 137 32 of of IN 31023 137 33 Capt Capt NNP 31023 137 34 . . . 31023 138 1 L. L. NNP 31023 138 2 M. M. NNP 31023 138 3 Woolson Woolson NNP 31023 138 4 , , , 31023 138 5 Packard Packard NNP 31023 138 6 's 's POS 31023 138 7 chief chief JJ 31023 138 8 engineer engineer NN 31023 138 9 in in IN 31023 138 10 charge charge NN 31023 138 11 of of IN 31023 138 12 the the DT 31023 138 13 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 138 14 development development NN 31023 138 15 , , , 31023 138 16 on on IN 31023 138 17 April April NNP 31023 138 18 23 23 CD 31023 138 19 , , , 31023 138 20 1930 1930 CD 31023 138 21 . . . 31023 139 1 Then then RB 31023 139 2 the the DT 31023 139 3 Big Big NNP 31023 139 4 Depression Depression NNP 31023 139 5 took take VBD 31023 139 6 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 139 7 toll toll NN 31023 139 8 in in IN 31023 139 9 research research NN 31023 139 10 work work NN 31023 139 11 everywhere everywhere RB 31023 139 12 and and CC 31023 139 13 Packard Packard NNP 31023 139 14 was be VBD 31023 139 15 not not RB 31023 139 16 excepted except VBN 31023 139 17 . . . 31023 139 18 " " '' 31023 140 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 140 2 Illustration illustration NN 31023 140 3 : : : 31023 140 4 Figure figure NN 31023 140 5 14.--Walter 14.--walter CD 31023 140 6 E. E. NNP 31023 140 7 Lees Lees NNP 31023 140 8 , , , 31023 140 9 Packard packard NN 31023 140 10 chief chief JJ 31023 140 11 test test NN 31023 140 12 pilot pilot NN 31023 140 13 ( ( -LRB- 31023 140 14 in in IN 31023 140 15 cabin cabin NN 31023 140 16 ) ) -RRB- 31023 140 17 and and CC 31023 140 18 Frederic Frederic NNP 31023 140 19 A. A. NNP 31023 140 20 Brossy Brossy NNP 31023 140 21 , , , 31023 140 22 Packard packard NN 31023 140 23 test test NN 31023 140 24 pilot pilot NN 31023 140 25 , , , 31023 140 26 before before IN 31023 140 27 taking take VBG 31023 140 28 off off RP 31023 140 29 on on IN 31023 140 30 their -PRON- PRP$ 31023 140 31 world world NN 31023 140 32 's 's POS 31023 140 33 record record NN 31023 140 34 , , , 31023 140 35 nonrefueling nonrefueling NN 31023 140 36 , , , 31023 140 37 heavier heavy JJR 31023 140 38 - - HYPH 31023 140 39 than than IN 31023 140 40 - - HYPH 31023 140 41 air air NN 31023 140 42 aircraft aircraft NN 31023 140 43 duration duration NN 31023 140 44 flight flight NN 31023 140 45 , , , 31023 140 46 which which WDT 31023 140 47 lasted last VBD 31023 140 48 84 84 CD 31023 140 49 hours hour NNS 31023 140 50 , , , 31023 140 51 33 33 CD 31023 140 52 minutes minute NNS 31023 140 53 , , , 31023 140 54 and and CC 31023 140 55 1 1 CD 31023 140 56 - - HYPH 31023 140 57 1/4 1/4 CD 31023 140 58 seconds second NNS 31023 140 59 . . . 31023 141 1 ( ( -LRB- 31023 141 2 Smithsonian smithsonian JJ 31023 141 3 photo photo NN 31023 141 4 A48446E. A48446E. . 31023 141 5 ) ) -RRB- 31023 141 6 ] ] -RRB- 31023 142 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 142 2 Illustration illustration NN 31023 142 3 : : : 31023 142 4 Figure figure NN 31023 142 5 15.--Walter 15.--walter CD 31023 142 6 E. E. NNP 31023 142 7 Lees Lees NNP 31023 142 8 , , , 31023 142 9 official official JJ 31023 142 10 timer timer NN 31023 142 11 , , , 31023 142 12 and and CC 31023 142 13 Ray Ray NNP 31023 142 14 Collins Collins NNP 31023 142 15 , , , 31023 142 16 manager manager NN 31023 142 17 , , , 31023 142 18 1930 1930 CD 31023 142 19 National National NNP 31023 142 20 Air Air NNP 31023 142 21 Tour Tour NNP 31023 142 22 , , , 31023 142 23 with with IN 31023 142 24 their -PRON- PRP$ 31023 142 25 official official JJ 31023 142 26 airplane airplane NN 31023 142 27 , , , 31023 142 28 a a DT 31023 142 29 Packard packard NN 31023 142 30 diesel diesel NN 31023 142 31 Waco Waco NNP 31023 142 32 " " `` 31023 142 33 Taper Taper NNP 31023 142 34 Wing Wing NNP 31023 142 35 , , , 31023 142 36 " " '' 31023 142 37 at at IN 31023 142 38 Packard Packard NNP 31023 142 39 proving proving NN 31023 142 40 grounds ground NNS 31023 142 41 near near IN 31023 142 42 Detroit Detroit NNP 31023 142 43 . . . 31023 143 1 ( ( -LRB- 31023 143 2 Smithsonian smithsonian JJ 31023 143 3 photo photo NN 31023 143 4 A49449 A49449 NNP 31023 143 5 . . . 31023 143 6 ) ) -RRB- 31023 143 7 ] ] -RRB- 31023 144 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 144 2 Illustration illustration NN 31023 144 3 : : : 31023 144 4 Figure figure NN 31023 144 5 16.--Capt 16.--capt CD 31023 144 6 . . . 31023 145 1 Karl Karl NNP 31023 145 2 Fickes Fickes NNP 31023 145 3 , , , 31023 145 4 acting act VBG 31023 145 5 head head NN 31023 145 6 of of IN 31023 145 7 Goodyear Goodyear NNP 31023 145 8 's 's POS 31023 145 9 airship airship NN 31023 145 10 operations operation NNS 31023 145 11 , , , 31023 145 12 pointing point VBG 31023 145 13 out out RP 31023 145 14 features feature NNS 31023 145 15 on on IN 31023 145 16 one one CD 31023 145 17 of of IN 31023 145 18 the the DT 31023 145 19 " " `` 31023 145 20 Defender Defender NNP 31023 145 21 's 's POS 31023 145 22 " " `` 31023 145 23 Packard packard NN 31023 145 24 diesel diesel NN 31023 145 25 engines engine NNS 31023 145 26 to to IN 31023 145 27 Roland Roland NNP 31023 145 28 J. J. NNP 31023 145 29 Blair Blair NNP 31023 145 30 , , , 31023 145 31 Goodyear Goodyear NNP 31023 145 32 airship airship NN 31023 145 33 pilot pilot NN 31023 145 34 , , , 31023 145 35 Akron Akron NNP 31023 145 36 , , , 31023 145 37 Ohio Ohio NNP 31023 145 38 . . . 31023 146 1 From from IN 31023 146 2 " " `` 31023 146 3 Aero Aero NNP 31023 146 4 Digest Digest NNP 31023 146 5 , , , 31023 146 6 " " '' 31023 146 7 February February NNP 31023 146 8 1932 1932 CD 31023 146 9 . . . 31023 147 1 ( ( -LRB- 31023 147 2 Smithsonian smithsonian JJ 31023 147 3 photo photo NN 31023 147 4 A49674 A49674 NNP 31023 147 5 . . . 31023 147 6 ) ) -RRB- 31023 147 7 ] ] -RRB- 31023 148 1 The the DT 31023 148 2 engine engine NN 31023 148 3 did do VBD 31023 148 4 not not RB 31023 148 5 fail fail VB 31023 148 6 for for IN 31023 148 7 the the DT 31023 148 8 above above RB 31023 148 9 mentioned mention VBN 31023 148 10 reasons reason NNS 31023 148 11 . . . 31023 149 1 Capt capt NN 31023 149 2 . . . 31023 150 1 Woolson Woolson NNP 31023 150 2 's 's POS 31023 150 3 death death NN 31023 150 4 was be VBD 31023 150 5 indeed indeed RB 31023 150 6 unfortunate unfortunate JJ 31023 150 7 , , , 31023 150 8 but but CC 31023 150 9 there there EX 31023 150 10 were be VBD 31023 150 11 others other NNS 31023 150 12 connected connect VBN 31023 150 13 with with IN 31023 150 14 the the DT 31023 150 15 project project NN 31023 150 16 who who WP 31023 150 17 carried carry VBD 31023 150 18 on on IN 31023 150 19 his -PRON- PRP$ 31023 150 20 work work NN 31023 150 21 for for IN 31023 150 22 three three CD 31023 150 23 years year NNS 31023 150 24 after after IN 31023 150 25 he -PRON- PRP 31023 150 26 passed pass VBD 31023 150 27 away away RB 31023 150 28 . . . 31023 151 1 The the DT 31023 151 2 big big JJ 31023 151 3 depression depression NN 31023 151 4 was be VBD 31023 151 5 also also RB 31023 151 6 unfortunate unfortunate JJ 31023 151 7 , , , 31023 151 8 but but CC 31023 151 9 it -PRON- PRP 31023 151 10 did do VBD 31023 151 11 not not RB 31023 151 12 stop stop VB 31023 151 13 aeronautical aeronautical JJ 31023 151 14 engine engine NN 31023 151 15 development development NN 31023 151 16 . . . 31023 152 1 " " `` 31023 152 2 It -PRON- PRP 31023 152 3 was be VBD 31023 152 4 a a DT 31023 152 5 time time NN 31023 152 6 when when WRB 31023 152 7 such such PDT 31023 152 8 an an DT 31023 152 9 engine engine NN 31023 152 10 would would MD 31023 152 11 have have VB 31023 152 12 been be VBN 31023 152 13 most most RBS 31023 152 14 welcome welcome JJ 31023 152 15 if if IN 31023 152 16 it -PRON- PRP 31023 152 17 had have VBD 31023 152 18 been be VBN 31023 152 19 produced produce VBN 31023 152 20 in in IN 31023 152 21 large large JJ 31023 152 22 enough enough JJ 31023 152 23 numbers number NNS 31023 152 24 to to TO 31023 152 25 bring bring VB 31023 152 26 the the DT 31023 152 27 price price NN 31023 152 28 down down RP 31023 152 29 to to TO 31023 152 30 compare compare VB 31023 152 31 favorably favorably RB 31023 152 32 pricewise pricewise NN 31023 152 33 with with IN 31023 152 34 gas gas NN 31023 152 35 engines engine NNS 31023 152 36 of of IN 31023 152 37 the the DT 31023 152 38 same same JJ 31023 152 39 horsepower horsepower NN 31023 152 40 class class NN 31023 152 41 . . . 31023 153 1 " " `` 31023 153 2 [ [ -LRB- 31023 153 3 10 10 CD 31023 153 4 ] ] -RRB- 31023 153 5 The the DT 31023 153 6 Packard Packard NNP 31023 153 7 diesel diesel NN 31023 153 8 failed fail VBD 31023 153 9 because because IN 31023 153 10 it -PRON- PRP 31023 153 11 was be VBD 31023 153 12 not not RB 31023 153 13 a a DT 31023 153 14 good good JJ 31023 153 15 engine engine NN 31023 153 16 . . . 31023 154 1 It -PRON- PRP 31023 154 2 was be VBD 31023 154 3 an an DT 31023 154 4 ingenious ingenious JJ 31023 154 5 engine engine NN 31023 154 6 , , , 31023 154 7 and and CC 31023 154 8 two two CD 31023 154 9 of of IN 31023 154 10 the the DT 31023 154 11 several several JJ 31023 154 12 features feature NNS 31023 154 13 it -PRON- PRP 31023 154 14 pioneered pioneer VBD 31023 154 15 ( ( -LRB- 31023 154 16 the the DT 31023 154 17 use use NN 31023 154 18 of of IN 31023 154 19 magnesium magnesium NN 31023 154 20 and and CC 31023 154 21 of of IN 31023 154 22 a a DT 31023 154 23 dynamically dynamically RB 31023 154 24 balanced balanced JJ 31023 154 25 crankshaft crankshaft NN 31023 154 26 ) ) -RRB- 31023 154 27 survive survive VBP 31023 154 28 in in IN 31023 154 29 modern modern JJ 31023 154 30 reciprocating reciprocate VBG 31023 154 31 engine engine NN 31023 154 32 designs design NNS 31023 154 33 . . . 31023 155 1 In in IN 31023 155 2 addition addition NN 31023 155 3 , , , 31023 155 4 when when WRB 31023 155 5 it -PRON- PRP 31023 155 6 was be VBD 31023 155 7 first first RB 31023 155 8 introduced introduce VBN 31023 155 9 , , , 31023 155 10 no no DT 31023 155 11 other other JJ 31023 155 12 engine engine NN 31023 155 13 could could MD 31023 155 14 match match VB 31023 155 15 it -PRON- PRP 31023 155 16 for for IN 31023 155 17 economical economical JJ 31023 155 18 fuel fuel NN 31023 155 19 consumption consumption NN 31023 155 20 and and CC 31023 155 21 fuel fuel NN 31023 155 22 safety safety NN 31023 155 23 . . . 31023 156 1 It -PRON- PRP 31023 156 2 also also RB 31023 156 3 had have VBD 31023 156 4 other other JJ 31023 156 5 less less RBR 31023 156 6 important important JJ 31023 156 7 advantages advantage NNS 31023 156 8 , , , 31023 156 9 but but CC 31023 156 10 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 156 11 disadvantages disadvantage NNS 31023 156 12 outweighed outweigh VBD 31023 156 13 all all PDT 31023 156 14 these these DT 31023 156 15 advantages advantage NNS 31023 156 16 , , , 31023 156 17 as as IN 31023 156 18 will will MD 31023 156 19 be be VB 31023 156 20 seen see VBN 31023 156 21 . . . 31023 157 1 Description description NN 31023 157 2 Specifications specification NNS 31023 157 3 The the DT 31023 157 4 following follow VBG 31023 157 5 specifications specification NNS 31023 157 6 are be VBP 31023 157 7 for for IN 31023 157 8 the the DT 31023 157 9 production production NN 31023 157 10 engine engine NN 31023 157 11 and and CC 31023 157 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 157 13 prototypes prototype NNS 31023 157 14 , , , 31023 157 15 known know VBN 31023 157 16 as as IN 31023 157 17 the the DT 31023 157 18 model model NN 31023 157 19 DR-980:[11 dr-980:[11 NN 31023 157 20 ] ] -RRB- 31023 157 21 Type type NN 31023 157 22 4-stroke 4-stroke CD 31023 157 23 cycle cycle NN 31023 157 24 diesel diesel NN 31023 157 25 Cylinders cylinder NNS 31023 157 26 9 9 CD 31023 157 27 - - HYPH 31023 157 28 -static -static JJ 31023 157 29 radial radial JJ 31023 157 30 configuration configuration NN 31023 157 31 Cooling Cooling NNP 31023 157 32 Air Air NNP 31023 157 33 Fuel Fuel NNP 31023 157 34 injection injection NN 31023 157 35 Directly directly RB 31023 157 36 into into IN 31023 157 37 cylinders cylinder NNS 31023 157 38 at at IN 31023 157 39 a a DT 31023 157 40 pressure pressure NN 31023 157 41 of of IN 31023 157 42 6000 6000 CD 31023 157 43 psi psi NNP 31023 157 44 Valves Valves NNP 31023 157 45 Poppet Poppet NNP 31023 157 46 type type NN 31023 157 47 , , , 31023 157 48 one one CD 31023 157 49 per per IN 31023 157 50 cylinder cylinder NN 31023 157 51 Ignition Ignition NNP 31023 157 52 Compression Compression NNP 31023 157 53 -- -- : 31023 157 54 glow glow VBP 31023 157 55 plugs plug NNS 31023 157 56 for for IN 31023 157 57 starting start VBG 31023 157 58 -- -- : 31023 157 59 air air NN 31023 157 60 compression compression NN 31023 157 61 500 500 CD 31023 157 62 psi psi NN 31023 157 63 at at IN 31023 157 64 1000 1000 CD 31023 157 65 ° ° , 31023 157 66 F. F. NNP 31023 157 67 Fuel Fuel NNP 31023 157 68 Distillate distillate NN 31023 157 69 or or CC 31023 157 70 " " `` 31023 157 71 furnace furnace JJ 31023 157 72 oil oil NN 31023 157 73 " " `` 31023 157 74 Horsepower Horsepower NNP 31023 157 75 225 225 CD 31023 157 76 at at IN 31023 157 77 1950 1950 CD 31023 157 78 rpm rpm NN 31023 157 79 Bore Bore NNP 31023 157 80 and and CC 31023 157 81 stroke stroke NN 31023 157 82 4 4 CD 31023 157 83 - - SYM 31023 157 84 13/16 13/16 CD 31023 157 85 in in IN 31023 157 86 . . . 31023 158 1 × × UH 31023 158 2 6 6 CD 31023 158 3 in in IN 31023 158 4 . . . 31023 159 1 Compression compression NN 31023 159 2 ratio ratio NN 31023 159 3 16:1 16:1 CD 31023 159 4 - - HYPH 31023 159 5 -maximum -maximum NN 31023 159 6 combustion combustion NN 31023 159 7 pressure pressure NN 31023 159 8 1500 1500 CD 31023 159 9 psi psi NNP 31023 159 10 Displacement Displacement NNP 31023 159 11 982 982 CD 31023 159 12 cu cu NNPS 31023 159 13 in in IN 31023 159 14 . . . 31023 160 1 Weight Weight NNP 31023 160 2 510 510 CD 31023 160 3 lb lb IN 31023 160 4 without without IN 31023 160 5 propeller propeller NN 31023 160 6 hub hub NNP 31023 160 7 Weight Weight NNP 31023 160 8 - - HYPH 31023 160 9 horsepower horsepower NN 31023 160 10 ratio ratio NN 31023 160 11 2.26 2.26 CD 31023 160 12 lb lb IN 31023 160 13 hp hp NNP 31023 160 14 Where where WRB 31023 160 15 manufactured manufacture VBN 31023 160 16 U.S.A. U.S.A. NNP 31023 160 17 Fuel Fuel NNP 31023 160 18 consumption consumption NN 31023 160 19 .46 .46 NFP 31023 160 20 lb lb XX 31023 160 21 per per FW 31023 160 22 hp hp NNP 31023 160 23 / / SYM 31023 160 24 hr hr NN 31023 160 25 at at IN 31023 160 26 full full JJ 31023 160 27 power power NN 31023 160 28 Fuel fuel NN 31023 160 29 consumption consumption NN 31023 160 30 .40 .40 NN 31023 160 31 lb lb XX 31023 160 32 per per FW 31023 160 33 hp hp NNP 31023 160 34 / / SYM 31023 160 35 hr hr NN 31023 160 36 at at IN 31023 160 37 cruising cruise VBG 31023 160 38 Oil oil NN 31023 160 39 consumption consumption NN 31023 160 40 .04 .04 NFP 31023 160 41 lb lb XX 31023 160 42 per per FW 31023 160 43 hp hp NN 31023 160 44 / / SYM 31023 160 45 hr hr NN 31023 160 46 Outside outside JJ 31023 160 47 diameter diameter NN 31023 160 48 45 45 CD 31023 160 49 - - HYPH 31023 160 50 11/16 11/16 CD 31023 160 51 in in IN 31023 160 52 . . . 31023 161 1 Overall overall JJ 31023 161 2 length length NN 31023 161 3 36 36 CD 31023 161 4 - - SYM 31023 161 5 3/4 3/4 CD 31023 161 6 in in IN 31023 161 7 . . . 31023 162 1 Optional optional JJ 31023 162 2 accessories accessory NNS 31023 162 3 Starter Starter NNP 31023 162 4 -- -- : 31023 162 5 Eclipse Eclipse NNP 31023 162 6 electric electric JJ 31023 162 7 inertia inertia NN 31023 162 8 ; ; : 31023 162 9 6 6 CD 31023 162 10 volts volt NNS 31023 162 11 . . . 31023 163 1 Special special JJ 31023 163 2 series series NN 31023 163 3 no no UH 31023 163 4 . . . 31023 164 1 7 7 CD 31023 164 2 Generator Generator NNP 31023 164 3 -- -- : 31023 164 4 Eclipse Eclipse NNP 31023 164 5 type type NN 31023 164 6 G-1 G-1 NNP 31023 164 7 ; ; : 31023 164 8 6 6 CD 31023 164 9 volts volt NNS 31023 164 10 [ [ -LRB- 31023 164 11 Illustration illustration NN 31023 164 12 : : : 31023 164 13 Figure figure VB 31023 164 14 17.--Longitudinal 17.--longitudinal CD 31023 164 15 cross cross NN 31023 164 16 section section NN 31023 164 17 , , , 31023 164 18 Packard packard NN 31023 164 19 diesel diesel NN 31023 164 20 engine engine NN 31023 164 21 DR-980 DR-980 NNP 31023 164 22 . . . 31023 165 1 ( ( -LRB- 31023 165 2 Smithsonian smithsonian JJ 31023 165 3 photo photo NN 31023 165 4 A48845 A48845 NNP 31023 165 5 . . . 31023 165 6 ) ) -RRB- 31023 165 7 ] ] -RRB- 31023 166 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 166 2 Illustration illustration NN 31023 166 3 : : : 31023 166 4 Figure figure VB 31023 166 5 18.--Transverse 18.--transverse CD 31023 166 6 cross cross NN 31023 166 7 section section NN 31023 166 8 , , , 31023 166 9 Packard packard NN 31023 166 10 diesel diesel NN 31023 166 11 engine engine NN 31023 166 12 DR-980 DR-980 NNP 31023 166 13 . . . 31023 167 1 ( ( -LRB- 31023 167 2 Smithsonian smithsonian JJ 31023 167 3 photo photo NN 31023 167 4 A48847 a48847 NN 31023 167 5 . . . 31023 167 6 ) ) -RRB- 31023 167 7 ] ] -RRB- 31023 168 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 168 2 Illustration illustration NN 31023 168 3 : : : 31023 168 4 Figure figure VB 31023 168 5 19.--Right 19.--right CD 31023 168 6 side side JJ 31023 168 7 view view NN 31023 168 8 of of IN 31023 168 9 engine engine NN 31023 168 10 , , , 31023 168 11 showing show VBG 31023 168 12 accessories accessory NNS 31023 168 13 ; ; : 31023 168 14 Packard Packard NNP 31023 168 15 Motor Motor NNP 31023 168 16 Car Car NNP 31023 168 17 Co. Co. NNP 31023 168 18 50-hour 50-hour CD 31023 168 19 test test NN 31023 168 20 , , , 31023 168 21 1930 1930 CD 31023 168 22 . . . 31023 169 1 A a DT 31023 169 2 , , , 31023 169 3 starter starter NN 31023 169 4 ; ; , 31023 169 5 B b NN 31023 169 6 , , , 31023 169 7 oil oil NN 31023 169 8 filter filter NN 31023 169 9 . . . 31023 170 1 ( ( -LRB- 31023 170 2 Smithsonian Smithsonian NNP 31023 170 3 photo photo NN 31023 170 4 A48323 A48323 NNP 31023 170 5 . . . 31023 170 6 ) ) -RRB- 31023 170 7 ] ] -RRB- 31023 171 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 171 2 Illustration illustration NN 31023 171 3 : : : 31023 171 4 Figure figure NN 31023 171 5 20.--Rear 20.--rear CD 31023 171 6 left leave VBD 31023 171 7 view view NN 31023 171 8 of of IN 31023 171 9 engine engine NN 31023 171 10 , , , 31023 171 11 showing show VBG 31023 171 12 accessories accessory NNS 31023 171 13 , , , 31023 171 14 U.S. U.S. NNP 31023 171 15 Navy Navy NNP 31023 171 16 50-hour 50-hour CD 31023 171 17 test test NN 31023 171 18 , , , 31023 171 19 1931 1931 CD 31023 171 20 . . . 31023 172 1 Barrel Barrel NNP 31023 172 2 valve valve NN 31023 172 3 type type NN 31023 172 4 venturi venturi NN 31023 172 5 throttles throttle NNS 31023 172 6 . . . 31023 173 1 A a DT 31023 173 2 , , , 31023 173 3 starter starter NN 31023 173 4 ; ; , 31023 173 5 B b NN 31023 173 6 , , , 31023 173 7 oil oil NN 31023 173 8 filter filter NN 31023 173 9 ; ; : 31023 173 10 C c NN 31023 173 11 , , , 31023 173 12 fuel fuel NN 31023 173 13 circulating circulate VBG 31023 173 14 pump pump NN 31023 173 15 ; ; : 31023 173 16 D d NN 31023 173 17 , , , 31023 173 18 generator generator NN 31023 173 19 . . . 31023 174 1 ( ( -LRB- 31023 174 2 Smithsonian smithsonian JJ 31023 174 3 photo photo NN 31023 174 4 A48324C. a48324c. NN 31023 174 5 ) ) -RRB- 31023 174 6 ] ] -RRB- 31023 175 1 Operating operate VBG 31023 175 2 Cycles cycle NNS 31023 175 3 The the DT 31023 175 4 sequences sequence NNS 31023 175 5 of of IN 31023 175 6 operation operation NN 31023 175 7 of of IN 31023 175 8 a a DT 31023 175 9 Packard Packard NNP 31023 175 10 diesel diesel NN 31023 175 11 engine engine NN 31023 175 12 compared compare VBN 31023 175 13 with with IN 31023 175 14 those those DT 31023 175 15 of of IN 31023 175 16 a a DT 31023 175 17 4-stroke 4-stroke CD 31023 175 18 cycle cycle NN 31023 175 19 gasoline gasoline NN 31023 175 20 engine engine NN 31023 175 21 are be VBP 31023 175 22 illustrated illustrate VBN 31023 175 23 in in IN 31023 175 24 figure figure NN 31023 175 25 21 21 CD 31023 175 26 . . . 31023 176 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 176 2 Illustration illustration NN 31023 176 3 : : : 31023 176 4 = = NFP 31023 176 5 Brief Brief NNP 31023 176 6 Analysis Analysis NNP 31023 176 7 of of IN 31023 176 8 Action Action NNP 31023 176 9 in in IN 31023 176 10 a a DT 31023 176 11 Four Four NNP 31023 176 12 - - HYPH 31023 176 13 Cycle Cycle NNP 31023 176 14 Gasoline Gasoline NNP 31023 176 15 Engine= engine= NN 31023 176 16 _ _ NNP 31023 176 17 Mixture Mixture NNP 31023 176 18 of of IN 31023 176 19 air air NN 31023 176 20 and and CC 31023 176 21 gasoline gasoline NN 31023 176 22 enters enter VBZ 31023 176 23 cylinder cylinder NN 31023 176 24 from from IN 31023 176 25 carburetor carburetor NN 31023 176 26 . . . 31023 176 27 _ _ NNP 31023 176 28 _ _ NNP 31023 176 29 Mixture Mixture NNP 31023 176 30 is be VBZ 31023 176 31 compressed compress VBN 31023 176 32 into into IN 31023 176 33 smaller small JJR 31023 176 34 volume volume NN 31023 176 35 by by IN 31023 176 36 piston piston NNP 31023 176 37 moving move VBG 31023 176 38 upward upward RB 31023 176 39 . . . 31023 176 40 _ _ NNP 31023 176 41 _ _ NNP 31023 176 42 An an DT 31023 176 43 electric electric JJ 31023 176 44 spark spark NN 31023 176 45 ignites ignite VBZ 31023 176 46 the the DT 31023 176 47 compressed compressed JJ 31023 176 48 mixture mixture NN 31023 176 49 causing cause VBG 31023 176 50 it -PRON- PRP 31023 176 51 to to TO 31023 176 52 explode explode VB 31023 176 53 . . . 31023 176 54 _ _ NNP 31023 176 55 _ _ NNP 31023 176 56 Combustion Combustion NNP 31023 176 57 heat heat NN 31023 176 58 increases increase VBZ 31023 176 59 the the DT 31023 176 60 cylinder cylinder NN 31023 176 61 pressure pressure NN 31023 176 62 forcing force VBG 31023 176 63 piston piston NNP 31023 176 64 downward downward RB 31023 176 65 . . . 31023 176 66 _ _ NNP 31023 176 67 _ _ NNP 31023 176 68 Momentum Momentum NNP 31023 176 69 carries carry VBZ 31023 176 70 piston piston NN 31023 176 71 upward upward RB 31023 176 72 which which WDT 31023 176 73 pushes push VBZ 31023 176 74 burnt burn VBN 31023 176 75 gases gas NNS 31023 176 76 out out RP 31023 176 77 through through IN 31023 176 78 the the DT 31023 176 79 exhaust exhaust NN 31023 176 80 valve valve NN 31023 176 81 . . . 31023 176 82 _ _ NNP 31023 176 83 = = SYM 31023 176 84 Similar Similar NNP 31023 176 85 Action Action NNP 31023 176 86 in in IN 31023 176 87 the the DT 31023 176 88 Packard Packard NNP 31023 176 89 - - HYPH 31023 176 90 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 176 91 Aircraft Aircraft NNP 31023 176 92 Engine= engine= NN 31023 176 93 _ _ NNP 31023 176 94 Atmospheric Atmospheric NNP 31023 176 95 air air NN 31023 176 96 only only RB 31023 176 97 , , , 31023 176 98 enters enter VBZ 31023 176 99 cylinder cylinder NN 31023 176 100 through through IN 31023 176 101 single single JJ 31023 176 102 valve valve NN 31023 176 103 . . . 31023 176 104 _ _ NNP 31023 176 105 _ _ NNP 31023 176 106 Air Air NNP 31023 176 107 is be VBZ 31023 176 108 so so RB 31023 176 109 greatly greatly RB 31023 176 110 compressed compress VBN 31023 176 111 by by IN 31023 176 112 upward upward RB 31023 176 113 moving move VBG 31023 176 114 piston piston NN 31023 176 115 that that WDT 31023 176 116 it -PRON- PRP 31023 176 117 reaches reach VBZ 31023 176 118 temperature temperature NN 31023 176 119 of of IN 31023 176 120 1000 1000 CD 31023 176 121 ° ° , 31023 176 122 F. F. NNP 31023 176 123 _ _ NNP 31023 176 124 _ _ NNP 31023 176 125 Just just RB 31023 176 126 before before IN 31023 176 127 piston piston NN 31023 176 128 is be VBZ 31023 176 129 at at IN 31023 176 130 dead dead JJ 31023 176 131 center center NN 31023 176 132 fuel fuel NN 31023 176 133 oil oil NN 31023 176 134 is be VBZ 31023 176 135 sprayed spray VBN 31023 176 136 into into IN 31023 176 137 cylinder cylinder NN 31023 176 138 and and CC 31023 176 139 spontaneously spontaneously RB 31023 176 140 ignited ignite VBN 31023 176 141 . . . 31023 176 142 _ _ NNP 31023 176 143 _ _ NNP 31023 176 144 Power Power NNP 31023 176 145 of of IN 31023 176 146 this this DT 31023 176 147 explosion explosion NN 31023 176 148 is be VBZ 31023 176 149 passed pass VBN 31023 176 150 to to TO 31023 176 151 crankshaft crankshaft VB 31023 176 152 in in IN 31023 176 153 conventional conventional JJ 31023 176 154 manner manner NN 31023 176 155 . . . 31023 176 156 _ _ NNP 31023 176 157 _ _ NNP 31023 176 158 Piston Piston NNP 31023 176 159 forces force VBZ 31023 176 160 out out RP 31023 176 161 burnt burn VBN 31023 176 162 gases gas NNS 31023 176 163 through through IN 31023 176 164 same same JJ 31023 176 165 single single JJ 31023 176 166 valve valve NN 31023 176 167 which which WDT 31023 176 168 is be VBZ 31023 176 169 cooled cool VBN 31023 176 170 by by IN 31023 176 171 inrush inrush NN 31023 176 172 of of IN 31023 176 173 new new JJ 31023 176 174 air air NN 31023 176 175 as as IN 31023 176 176 cycle cycle NN 31023 176 177 repeats repeat VBZ 31023 176 178 . . . 31023 176 179 _ _ NNP 31023 176 180 Figure Figure NNP 31023 176 181 21.--Operating 21.--operating CD 31023 176 182 cycles cycle NNS 31023 176 183 . . . 31023 177 1 ( ( -LRB- 31023 177 2 Smithsonian smithsonian JJ 31023 177 3 photo photo NN 31023 177 4 A48846 A48846 NNP 31023 177 5 . . . 31023 177 6 ) ) -RRB- 31023 177 7 ] ] -RRB- 31023 178 1 Although although IN 31023 178 2 the the DT 31023 178 3 size size NN 31023 178 4 , , , 31023 178 5 weight weight NN 31023 178 6 , , , 31023 178 7 and and CC 31023 178 8 general general JJ 31023 178 9 arrangement arrangement NN 31023 178 10 of of IN 31023 178 11 the the DT 31023 178 12 Packard Packard NNP 31023 178 13 diesel diesel NN 31023 178 14 did do VBD 31023 178 15 not not RB 31023 178 16 differ differ VB 31023 178 17 radically radically RB 31023 178 18 from from IN 31023 178 19 conventional conventional JJ 31023 178 20 gasoline gasoline NN 31023 178 21 engines engine NNS 31023 178 22 of of IN 31023 178 23 a a DT 31023 178 24 similar similar JJ 31023 178 25 type type NN 31023 178 26 , , , 31023 178 27 there there EX 31023 178 28 were be VBD 31023 178 29 definite definite JJ 31023 178 30 differences difference NNS 31023 178 31 caused cause VBN 31023 178 32 by by IN 31023 178 33 the the DT 31023 178 34 diesel diesel NN 31023 178 35 cycle cycle NN 31023 178 36 . . . 31023 179 1 In in IN 31023 179 2 the the DT 31023 179 3 words word NNS 31023 179 4 of of IN 31023 179 5 Capt Capt NNP 31023 179 6 . . . 31023 180 1 Woolson:[12 Woolson:[12 NNP 31023 180 2 ] ] -RRB- 31023 180 3 As as IN 31023 180 4 this this DT 31023 180 5 engine engine NN 31023 180 6 operates operate VBZ 31023 180 7 on on IN 31023 180 8 an an DT 31023 180 9 entirely entirely RB 31023 180 10 different different JJ 31023 180 11 principle principle NN 31023 180 12 than than IN 31023 180 13 the the DT 31023 180 14 gasoline gasoline NN 31023 180 15 engines engine NNS 31023 180 16 used use VBN 31023 180 17 heretofore heretofore RB 31023 180 18 in in IN 31023 180 19 aircraft aircraft NN 31023 180 20 , , , 31023 180 21 it -PRON- PRP 31023 180 22 is be VBZ 31023 180 23 desirable desirable JJ 31023 180 24 before before IN 31023 180 25 launching launch VBG 31023 180 26 into into IN 31023 180 27 a a DT 31023 180 28 mechanical mechanical JJ 31023 180 29 description description NN 31023 180 30 to to TO 31023 180 31 consider consider VB 31023 180 32 first first RB 31023 180 33 in in IN 31023 180 34 a a DT 31023 180 35 general general JJ 31023 180 36 way way NN 31023 180 37 the the DT 31023 180 38 principles principle NNS 31023 180 39 of of IN 31023 180 40 operation operation NN 31023 180 41 of of IN 31023 180 42 the the DT 31023 180 43 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 180 44 cycle cycle NN 31023 180 45 as as IN 31023 180 46 opposed oppose VBN 31023 180 47 to to IN 31023 180 48 the the DT 31023 180 49 Otto Otto NNP 31023 180 50 cycle cycle NN 31023 180 51 principle principle NN 31023 180 52 on on IN 31023 180 53 which which WDT 31023 180 54 nearly nearly RB 31023 180 55 all all DT 31023 180 56 gasoline gasoline NN 31023 180 57 engines engine NNS 31023 180 58 operate operate VBP 31023 180 59 . . . 31023 181 1 The the DT 31023 181 2 real real JJ 31023 181 3 point point NN 31023 181 4 of of IN 31023 181 5 departure departure NN 31023 181 6 between between IN 31023 181 7 the the DT 31023 181 8 two two CD 31023 181 9 systems system NNS 31023 181 10 of of IN 31023 181 11 operation operation NN 31023 181 12 is be VBZ 31023 181 13 the the DT 31023 181 14 ignition ignition NN 31023 181 15 system system NN 31023 181 16 involved involve VBN 31023 181 17 . . . 31023 182 1 In in IN 31023 182 2 the the DT 31023 182 3 gasoline gasoline NN 31023 182 4 engine engine NN 31023 182 5 an an DT 31023 182 6 electric electric JJ 31023 182 7 spark spark NN 31023 182 8 is be VBZ 31023 182 9 depended depend VBN 31023 182 10 upon upon IN 31023 182 11 to to TO 31023 182 12 fire fire VB 31023 182 13 a a DT 31023 182 14 combustible combustible JJ 31023 182 15 mixture mixture NN 31023 182 16 of of IN 31023 182 17 gasoline gasoline NN 31023 182 18 vapor vapor NN 31023 182 19 and and CC 31023 182 20 air air NN 31023 182 21 which which WDT 31023 182 22 mixture mixture VBP 31023 182 23 ratio ratio NN 31023 182 24 must must MD 31023 182 25 be be VB 31023 182 26 maintained maintain VBN 31023 182 27 within within IN 31023 182 28 rather rather RB 31023 182 29 narrow narrow JJ 31023 182 30 limits limit NNS 31023 182 31 to to TO 31023 182 32 be be VB 31023 182 33 fired fire VBN 31023 182 34 by by IN 31023 182 35 this this DT 31023 182 36 method method NN 31023 182 37 .... .... . 31023 183 1 In in IN 31023 183 2 the the DT 31023 183 3 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 183 4 engine engine NN 31023 183 5 , , , 31023 183 6 air air NN 31023 183 7 alone alone RB 31023 183 8 is be VBZ 31023 183 9 introduced introduce VBN 31023 183 10 into into IN 31023 183 11 the the DT 31023 183 12 cylinders cylinder NNS 31023 183 13 , , , 31023 183 14 instead instead RB 31023 183 15 of of IN 31023 183 16 a a DT 31023 183 17 mixture mixture NN 31023 183 18 of of IN 31023 183 19 air air NN 31023 183 20 and and CC 31023 183 21 fuel fuel NN 31023 183 22 as as IN 31023 183 23 in in IN 31023 183 24 the the DT 31023 183 25 gasoline gasoline NN 31023 183 26 engine engine NN 31023 183 27 , , , 31023 183 28 and and CC 31023 183 29 this this DT 31023 183 30 air air NN 31023 183 31 is be VBZ 31023 183 32 compressed compress VBN 31023 183 33 into into IN 31023 183 34 much much RB 31023 183 35 smaller small JJR 31023 183 36 space space NN 31023 183 37 than than IN 31023 183 38 is be VBZ 31023 183 39 possible possible JJ 31023 183 40 when when WRB 31023 183 41 using use VBG 31023 183 42 a a DT 31023 183 43 mixture mixture NN 31023 183 44 of of IN 31023 183 45 gasoline gasoline NN 31023 183 46 and and CC 31023 183 47 air air NN 31023 183 48 , , , 31023 183 49 which which WDT 31023 183 50 would would MD 31023 183 51 spontaneously spontaneously RB 31023 183 52 and and CC 31023 183 53 prematurely prematurely RB 31023 183 54 detonate detonate VB 31023 183 55 if if IN 31023 183 56 compressed compress VBN 31023 183 57 to to IN 31023 183 58 this this DT 31023 183 59 degree degree NN 31023 183 60 . . . 31023 184 1 The the DT 31023 184 2 temperature temperature NN 31023 184 3 of of IN 31023 184 4 the the DT 31023 184 5 air air NN 31023 184 6 in in IN 31023 184 7 the the DT 31023 184 8 cylinder cylinder NN 31023 184 9 at at IN 31023 184 10 the the DT 31023 184 11 end end NN 31023 184 12 of of IN 31023 184 13 the the DT 31023 184 14 compression compression NN 31023 184 15 stroke stroke NN 31023 184 16 of of IN 31023 184 17 a a DT 31023 184 18 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 184 19 engine engine NN 31023 184 20 operating operate VBG 31023 184 21 with with IN 31023 184 22 a a DT 31023 184 23 compression compression NN 31023 184 24 ratio ratio NN 31023 184 25 of of IN 31023 184 26 about about RB 31023 184 27 16:1 16:1 CD 31023 184 28 is be VBZ 31023 184 29 approximately approximately RB 31023 184 30 1000 1000 CD 31023 184 31 degrees degree NNS 31023 184 32 Fahr Fahr NNPS 31023 184 33 . . . 31023 184 34 , , , 31023 184 35 which which WDT 31023 184 36 is be VBZ 31023 184 37 far far RB 31023 184 38 above above IN 31023 184 39 the the DT 31023 184 40 spontaneous spontaneous JJ 31023 184 41 - - HYPH 31023 184 42 ignition ignition NN 31023 184 43 temperature temperature NN 31023 184 44 of of IN 31023 184 45 the the DT 31023 184 46 fuel fuel NN 31023 184 47 used use VBN 31023 184 48 . . . 31023 185 1 Accordingly accordingly RB 31023 185 2 , , , 31023 185 3 when when WRB 31023 185 4 the the DT 31023 185 5 fuel fuel NN 31023 185 6 is be VBZ 31023 185 7 injected inject VBN 31023 185 8 in in IN 31023 185 9 a a DT 31023 185 10 highly highly RB 31023 185 11 atomized atomize VBN 31023 185 12 condition condition NN 31023 185 13 at at IN 31023 185 14 some some DT 31023 185 15 time time NN 31023 185 16 previous previous JJ 31023 185 17 to to IN 31023 185 18 the the DT 31023 185 19 piston piston NN 31023 185 20 reaching reach VBG 31023 185 21 the the DT 31023 185 22 end end NN 31023 185 23 of of IN 31023 185 24 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 185 25 stroke stroke NN 31023 185 26 , , , 31023 185 27 the the DT 31023 185 28 fuel fuel NN 31023 185 29 burns burn VBZ 31023 185 30 as as IN 31023 185 31 it -PRON- PRP 31023 185 32 comes come VBZ 31023 185 33 in in IN 31023 185 34 contact contact NN 31023 185 35 with with IN 31023 185 36 the the DT 31023 185 37 highly highly RB 31023 185 38 heated heated JJ 31023 185 39 air air NN 31023 185 40 , , , 31023 185 41 and and CC 31023 185 42 the the DT 31023 185 43 greatly greatly RB 31023 185 44 increased increase VBN 31023 185 45 pressures pressure NNS 31023 185 46 resulting result VBG 31023 185 47 from from IN 31023 185 48 the the DT 31023 185 49 tremendous tremendous JJ 31023 185 50 increase increase NN 31023 185 51 in in IN 31023 185 52 temperature temperature NN 31023 185 53 brought bring VBN 31023 185 54 about about RP 31023 185 55 by by IN 31023 185 56 this this DT 31023 185 57 combustion combustion NN 31023 185 58 , , , 31023 185 59 acting act VBG 31023 185 60 on on IN 31023 185 61 the the DT 31023 185 62 pistons piston NNS 31023 185 63 , , , 31023 185 64 drive drive VB 31023 185 65 the the DT 31023 185 66 engine engine NN 31023 185 67 , , , 31023 185 68 as as IN 31023 185 69 in in IN 31023 185 70 the the DT 31023 185 71 case case NN 31023 185 72 of of IN 31023 185 73 the the DT 31023 185 74 gasoline gasoline NN 31023 185 75 engine engine NN 31023 185 76 . . . 31023 186 1 Summing sum VBG 31023 186 2 up up RP 31023 186 3 , , , 31023 186 4 the the DT 31023 186 5 differences difference NNS 31023 186 6 between between IN 31023 186 7 the the DT 31023 186 8 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 186 9 and and CC 31023 186 10 gasoline gasoline NN 31023 186 11 engines engine NNS 31023 186 12 start start VBP 31023 186 13 with with IN 31023 186 14 the the DT 31023 186 15 fact fact NN 31023 186 16 that that IN 31023 186 17 the the DT 31023 186 18 gasoline gasoline NN 31023 186 19 engine engine NN 31023 186 20 requires require VBZ 31023 186 21 a a DT 31023 186 22 complicated complicated JJ 31023 186 23 electrical electrical JJ 31023 186 24 ignition ignition NN 31023 186 25 system system NN 31023 186 26 in in IN 31023 186 27 order order NN 31023 186 28 to to TO 31023 186 29 fire fire VB 31023 186 30 the the DT 31023 186 31 combustible combustible JJ 31023 186 32 mixture mixture NN 31023 186 33 , , , 31023 186 34 whereas whereas IN 31023 186 35 the the DT 31023 186 36 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 186 37 engine engine NN 31023 186 38 generates generate VBZ 31023 186 39 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 186 40 own own JJ 31023 186 41 heat heat NN 31023 186 42 to to TO 31023 186 43 start start VB 31023 186 44 combustion combustion NN 31023 186 45 by by IN 31023 186 46 means mean NNS 31023 186 47 of of IN 31023 186 48 highly highly RB 31023 186 49 compressed compress VBN 31023 186 50 air air NN 31023 186 51 . . . 31023 187 1 This this DT 31023 187 2 brings bring VBZ 31023 187 3 about about RP 31023 187 4 the the DT 31023 187 5 necessity necessity NN 31023 187 6 for for IN 31023 187 7 injecting inject VBG 31023 187 8 the the DT 31023 187 9 fuel fuel NN 31023 187 10 in in IN 31023 187 11 a a DT 31023 187 12 well well RB 31023 187 13 - - HYPH 31023 187 14 atomized atomize VBN 31023 187 15 condition condition NN 31023 187 16 at at IN 31023 187 17 the the DT 31023 187 18 time time NN 31023 187 19 that that IN 31023 187 20 combustion combustion NN 31023 187 21 is be VBZ 31023 187 22 desired desire VBN 31023 187 23 and and CC 31023 187 24 the the DT 31023 187 25 quantities quantity NNS 31023 187 26 of of IN 31023 187 27 fuel fuel NN 31023 187 28 injected inject VBN 31023 187 29 at at IN 31023 187 30 this this DT 31023 187 31 time time NN 31023 187 32 control control VB 31023 187 33 the the DT 31023 187 34 amount amount NN 31023 187 35 of of IN 31023 187 36 heat heat NN 31023 187 37 generated generate VBN 31023 187 38 ; ; : 31023 187 39 that that DT 31023 187 40 is is RB 31023 187 41 , , , 31023 187 42 an an DT 31023 187 43 infinitesimally infinitesimally RB 31023 187 44 small small JJ 31023 187 45 quantity quantity NN 31023 187 46 of of IN 31023 187 47 fuel fuel NN 31023 187 48 will will MD 31023 187 49 be be VB 31023 187 50 burned burn VBN 31023 187 51 just just RB 31023 187 52 as as RB 31023 187 53 efficiently efficiently RB 31023 187 54 in in IN 31023 187 55 the the DT 31023 187 56 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 187 57 engine engine NN 31023 187 58 as as IN 31023 187 59 a a DT 31023 187 60 full full JJ 31023 187 61 charge charge NN 31023 187 62 of of IN 31023 187 63 fuel fuel NN 31023 187 64 , , , 31023 187 65 whereas whereas IN 31023 187 66 in in IN 31023 187 67 the the DT 31023 187 68 gasoline gasoline NN 31023 187 69 engine engine NN 31023 187 70 the the DT 31023 187 71 mixture mixture NN 31023 187 72 ratio ratio NN 31023 187 73 must must MD 31023 187 74 be be VB 31023 187 75 kept keep VBN 31023 187 76 reasonably reasonably RB 31023 187 77 constant constant JJ 31023 187 78 and and CC 31023 187 79 , , , 31023 187 80 if if IN 31023 187 81 the the DT 31023 187 82 supply supply NN 31023 187 83 of of IN 31023 187 84 fuel fuel NN 31023 187 85 is be VBZ 31023 187 86 to to TO 31023 187 87 be be VB 31023 187 88 cut cut VBN 31023 187 89 down down RP 31023 187 90 for for IN 31023 187 91 throttling throttle VBG 31023 187 92 purposes purpose NNS 31023 187 93 , , , 31023 187 94 the the DT 31023 187 95 supply supply NN 31023 187 96 of of IN 31023 187 97 air air NN 31023 187 98 must must MD 31023 187 99 be be VB 31023 187 100 correspondingly correspondingly RB 31023 187 101 reduced reduce VBN 31023 187 102 . . . 31023 188 1 It -PRON- PRP 31023 188 2 is be VBZ 31023 188 3 this this DT 31023 188 4 requirement requirement NN 31023 188 5 in in IN 31023 188 6 a a DT 31023 188 7 gasoline gasoline NN 31023 188 8 engine engine NN 31023 188 9 that that WDT 31023 188 10 necessitates necessitate VBZ 31023 188 11 an an DT 31023 188 12 accurate accurate JJ 31023 188 13 and and CC 31023 188 14 sensitive sensitive JJ 31023 188 15 fuel fuel NN 31023 188 16 - - HYPH 31023 188 17 and and CC 31023 188 18 - - HYPH 31023 188 19 air air NN 31023 188 20 metering metering NN 31023 188 21 device device NN 31023 188 22 known know VBN 31023 188 23 as as IN 31023 188 24 the the DT 31023 188 25 carburetor carburetor NN 31023 188 26 . . . 31023 189 1 The the DT 31023 189 2 fact fact NN 31023 189 3 that that IN 31023 189 4 the the DT 31023 189 5 air air NN 31023 189 6 supply supply NN 31023 189 7 of of IN 31023 189 8 a a DT 31023 189 9 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 189 10 engine engine NN 31023 189 11 is be VBZ 31023 189 12 compressed compress VBN 31023 189 13 and and CC 31023 189 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 189 15 temperature temperature NN 31023 189 16 raised raise VBD 31023 189 17 to to IN 31023 189 18 such such PDT 31023 189 19 a a DT 31023 189 20 high high JJ 31023 189 21 degree degree NN 31023 189 22 permits permit VBZ 31023 189 23 the the DT 31023 189 24 use use NN 31023 189 25 of of IN 31023 189 26 liquid liquid JJ 31023 189 27 fuels fuel NNS 31023 189 28 with with IN 31023 189 29 a a DT 31023 189 30 high high JJ 31023 189 31 ignition ignition NN 31023 189 32 temperature temperature NN 31023 189 33 . . . 31023 190 1 These these DT 31023 190 2 fuels fuel NNS 31023 190 3 correspond correspond VBP 31023 190 4 more more RBR 31023 190 5 nearly nearly RB 31023 190 6 to to IN 31023 190 7 the the DT 31023 190 8 crude crude JJ 31023 190 9 petroleum petroleum NN 31023 190 10 oil oil NN 31023 190 11 as as IN 31023 190 12 it -PRON- PRP 31023 190 13 issues issue VBZ 31023 190 14 from from IN 31023 190 15 the the DT 31023 190 16 wells well NNS 31023 190 17 and and CC 31023 190 18 this this DT 31023 190 19 fact fact NN 31023 190 20 accounts account VBZ 31023 190 21 for for IN 31023 190 22 the the DT 31023 190 23 much much RB 31023 190 24 lower low JJR 31023 190 25 cost cost NN 31023 190 26 of of IN 31023 190 27 Diesel diesel NN 31023 190 28 fuel fuel NN 31023 190 29 as as IN 31023 190 30 compared compare VBN 31023 190 31 to to IN 31023 190 32 the the DT 31023 190 33 highly highly RB 31023 190 34 refined refined JJ 31023 190 35 gasoline gasoline NN 31023 190 36 needed need VBN 31023 190 37 for for IN 31023 190 38 aircraft aircraft NN 31023 190 39 engines engine NNS 31023 190 40 . . . 31023 191 1 Weight weight NN 31023 191 2 - - HYPH 31023 191 3 Saving saving NN 31023 191 4 Features feature NNS 31023 191 5 In in IN 31023 191 6 order order NN 31023 191 7 to to TO 31023 191 8 be be VB 31023 191 9 successful successful JJ 31023 191 10 in in IN 31023 191 11 aviation aviation NN 31023 191 12 use use NN 31023 191 13 , , , 31023 191 14 the the DT 31023 191 15 modern modern JJ 31023 191 16 lightweight lightweight JJ 31023 191 17 diesel diesel NN 31023 191 18 of of IN 31023 191 19 the the DT 31023 191 20 time time NN 31023 191 21 had have VBD 31023 191 22 to to TO 31023 191 23 have have VB 31023 191 24 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 191 25 weight weight NN 31023 191 26 reduced reduce VBN 31023 191 27 from from IN 31023 191 28 25 25 CD 31023 191 29 lb lb NN 31023 191 30 / / SYM 31023 191 31 hp hp UH 31023 191 32 to to IN 31023 191 33 2.5 2.5 CD 31023 191 34 lb lb RB 31023 191 35 / / SYM 31023 191 36 hp hp UH 31023 191 37 . . . 31023 192 1 This this DT 31023 192 2 required require VBD 31023 192 3 unusual unusual JJ 31023 192 4 design design NN 31023 192 5 and and CC 31023 192 6 construction construction NN 31023 192 7 methods method NNS 31023 192 8 , , , 31023 192 9 as as IN 31023 192 10 follows follow VBZ 31023 192 11 : : : 31023 192 12 Crankcase crankcase NN 31023 192 13 : : : 31023 192 14 It -PRON- PRP 31023 192 15 weighed weigh VBD 31023 192 16 only only RB 31023 192 17 34 34 CD 31023 192 18 lb lb RB 31023 192 19 because because IN 31023 192 20 of of IN 31023 192 21 three three CD 31023 192 22 factors factor NNS 31023 192 23 : : : 31023 192 24 Magnesium magnesium NN 31023 192 25 alloy alloy NN 31023 192 26 was be VBD 31023 192 27 used use VBN 31023 192 28 extensively extensively RB 31023 192 29 in in IN 31023 192 30 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 192 31 construction construction NN 31023 192 32 , , , 31023 192 33 thus thus RB 31023 192 34 saving save VBG 31023 192 35 weight weight NN 31023 192 36 as as IN 31023 192 37 compared compare VBN 31023 192 38 with with IN 31023 192 39 aluminum aluminum NN 31023 192 40 alloy alloy NN 31023 192 41 , , , 31023 192 42 which which WDT 31023 192 43 was be VBD 31023 192 44 the the DT 31023 192 45 conventional conventional JJ 31023 192 46 material material NN 31023 192 47 at at IN 31023 192 48 this this DT 31023 192 49 time time NN 31023 192 50 . . . 31023 193 1 It -PRON- PRP 31023 193 2 was be VBD 31023 193 3 a a DT 31023 193 4 single single JJ 31023 193 5 casting casting NN 31023 193 6 . . . 31023 194 1 This this DT 31023 194 2 saved save VBN 31023 194 3 weight weight NN 31023 194 4 because because IN 31023 194 5 heavy heavy JJ 31023 194 6 flanges flange NNS 31023 194 7 , , , 31023 194 8 nuts nut NNS 31023 194 9 , , , 31023 194 10 and and CC 31023 194 11 bolts bolt NNS 31023 194 12 were be VBD 31023 194 13 dispensed dispense VBN 31023 194 14 with with IN 31023 194 15 . . . 31023 195 1 The the DT 31023 195 2 cylinders cylinder NNS 31023 195 3 , , , 31023 195 4 instead instead RB 31023 195 5 of of IN 31023 195 6 being be VBG 31023 195 7 bolted bolt VBN 31023 195 8 to to IN 31023 195 9 the the DT 31023 195 10 crankcase crankcase NN 31023 195 11 , , , 31023 195 12 as as IN 31023 195 13 was be VBD 31023 195 14 normal normal JJ 31023 195 15 practice practice NN 31023 195 16 , , , 31023 195 17 were be VBD 31023 195 18 held hold VBN 31023 195 19 in in IN 31023 195 20 position position NN 31023 195 21 by by IN 31023 195 22 two two CD 31023 195 23 circular circular JJ 31023 195 24 hoops hoop NNS 31023 195 25 of of IN 31023 195 26 alloy alloy NN 31023 195 27 steel steel NN 31023 195 28 passing pass VBG 31023 195 29 over over IN 31023 195 30 the the DT 31023 195 31 cylinder cylinder NN 31023 195 32 flanges flange NNS 31023 195 33 . . . 31023 196 1 They -PRON- PRP 31023 196 2 were be VBD 31023 196 3 tightened tighten VBN 31023 196 4 to to IN 31023 196 5 such such PDT 31023 196 6 an an DT 31023 196 7 extent extent NN 31023 196 8 that that IN 31023 196 9 at at IN 31023 196 10 no no DT 31023 196 11 time time NN 31023 196 12 did do VBD 31023 196 13 the the DT 31023 196 14 cylinders cylinder NNS 31023 196 15 transfer transfer VB 31023 196 16 any any DT 31023 196 17 tension tension NN 31023 196 18 loads load VBZ 31023 196 19 to to IN 31023 196 20 the the DT 31023 196 21 crankcase crankcase NN 31023 196 22 . . . 31023 197 1 This this DT 31023 197 2 type type NN 31023 197 3 of of IN 31023 197 4 fastening fastening NN 31023 197 5 actually actually RB 31023 197 6 strengthened strengthen VBD 31023 197 7 the the DT 31023 197 8 crankcase crankcase NN 31023 197 9 in in IN 31023 197 10 contrast contrast NN 31023 197 11 to to IN 31023 197 12 the the DT 31023 197 13 usual usual JJ 31023 197 14 method method NN 31023 197 15 . . . 31023 198 1 For for IN 31023 198 2 this this DT 31023 198 3 reason reason NN 31023 198 4 it -PRON- PRP 31023 198 5 could could MD 31023 198 6 be be VB 31023 198 7 built build VBN 31023 198 8 lighter light JJR 31023 198 9 . . . 31023 199 1 The the DT 31023 199 2 hoops hoop NNS 31023 199 3 did do VBD 31023 199 4 not not RB 31023 199 5 always always RB 31023 199 6 function function VB 31023 199 7 well well RB 31023 199 8 . . . 31023 200 1 " " `` 31023 200 2 The the DT 31023 200 3 first first JJ 31023 200 4 job job NN 31023 200 5 I -PRON- PRP 31023 200 6 ever ever RB 31023 200 7 did do VBD 31023 200 8 on on IN 31023 200 9 the the DT 31023 200 10 Towle Towle NNP 31023 200 11 was be VBD 31023 200 12 to to TO 31023 200 13 patch patch VB 31023 200 14 the the DT 31023 200 15 holes hole NNS 31023 200 16 in in IN 31023 200 17 the the DT 31023 200 18 top top JJ 31023 200 19 and and CC 31023 200 20 bottom bottom NN 31023 200 21 of of IN 31023 200 22 the the DT 31023 200 23 hull hull NN 31023 200 24 when when WRB 31023 200 25 a a DT 31023 200 26 cylinder cylinder NN 31023 200 27 blew blow VBD 31023 200 28 off off RP 31023 200 29 during during IN 31023 200 30 run run NN 31023 200 31 - - HYPH 31023 200 32 up up NN 31023 200 33 and and CC 31023 200 34 nearly nearly RB 31023 200 35 beheaded behead VBD 31023 200 36 the the DT 31023 200 37 pilot pilot NN 31023 200 38 . . . 31023 201 1 " " `` 31023 201 2 [ [ -LRB- 31023 201 3 13 13 CD 31023 201 4 ] ] -RRB- 31023 201 5 [ [ -LRB- 31023 201 6 Illustration illustration NN 31023 201 7 : : : 31023 201 8 Figure figure NN 31023 201 9 22.--Rear 22.--rear CD 31023 201 10 view view NN 31023 201 11 of of IN 31023 201 12 engine engine NN 31023 201 13 with with IN 31023 201 14 rear rear JJ 31023 201 15 crankcase crankcase NN 31023 201 16 cover cover NN 31023 201 17 removed remove VBN 31023 201 18 , , , 31023 201 19 showing show VBG 31023 201 20 valve valve NN 31023 201 21 and and CC 31023 201 22 injector injector VB 31023 201 23 rocker rocker NN 31023 201 24 levers lever NNS 31023 201 25 and and CC 31023 201 26 injector injector VB 31023 201 27 control control NN 31023 201 28 ring ring NN 31023 201 29 mounted mount VBN 31023 201 30 on on IN 31023 201 31 crankcase crankcase NN 31023 201 32 diaphram diaphram NNP 31023 201 33 . . . 31023 202 1 U.S. U.S. NNP 31023 202 2 Navy Navy NNP 31023 202 3 test test NN 31023 202 4 , , , 31023 202 5 1931 1931 CD 31023 202 6 . . . 31023 203 1 ( ( -LRB- 31023 203 2 Smithsonian smithsonian JJ 31023 203 3 photo photo NN 31023 203 4 A48323D. a48323d. ADD 31023 203 5 ) ) -RRB- 31023 203 6 ] ] -RRB- 31023 204 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 204 2 Illustration illustration NN 31023 204 3 : : : 31023 204 4 Figure figure NN 31023 204 5 23.--Main 23.--Main NNS 31023 204 6 crankcase crankcase NN 31023 204 7 . . . 31023 205 1 U.S. U.S. NNP 31023 205 2 Navy Navy NNP 31023 205 3 test test NN 31023 205 4 , , , 31023 205 5 1931 1931 CD 31023 205 6 . . . 31023 206 1 ( ( -LRB- 31023 206 2 Smithsonian smithsonian JJ 31023 206 3 photo photo NN 31023 206 4 A48325B. a48325b. NN 31023 206 5 ) ) -RRB- 31023 206 6 ] ] -RRB- 31023 207 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 207 2 Illustration illustration NN 31023 207 3 : : : 31023 207 4 Figure figure NN 31023 207 5 24.--Rear 24.--rear CD 31023 207 6 crankcase crankcase NN 31023 207 7 cover cover NN 31023 207 8 and and CC 31023 207 9 gear gear NN 31023 207 10 train train NN 31023 207 11 : : : 31023 207 12 crankshaft crankshaft NN 31023 207 13 gear gear NN 31023 207 14 drives drive NNS 31023 207 15 B b NN 31023 207 16 , , , 31023 207 17 which which WDT 31023 207 18 drives drive VBZ 31023 207 19 oil oil NN 31023 207 20 pump pump NN 31023 207 21 at at IN 31023 207 22 F. F. NNP 31023 207 23 A A NNP 31023 207 24 , , , 31023 207 25 integral integral JJ 31023 207 26 with with IN 31023 207 27 B b NN 31023 207 28 , , , 31023 207 29 drives drive VBZ 31023 207 30 internal internal JJ 31023 207 31 cam cam NN 31023 207 32 gear gear NN 31023 207 33 . . . 31023 208 1 B B NNP 31023 208 2 also also RB 31023 208 3 drives drive VBZ 31023 208 4 C c NN 31023 208 5 on on IN 31023 208 6 fuel fuel NN 31023 208 7 - - HYPH 31023 208 8 circulating circulate VBG 31023 208 9 pump pump NN 31023 208 10 . . . 31023 209 1 D D NNP 31023 209 2 , , , 31023 209 3 driven drive VBN 31023 209 4 by by IN 31023 209 5 crankshaft crankshaft NN 31023 209 6 gear gear NN 31023 209 7 , , , 31023 209 8 drives drive VBZ 31023 209 9 E e NN 31023 209 10 on on IN 31023 209 11 generator generator NN 31023 209 12 shaft shaft NN 31023 209 13 . . . 31023 210 1 U.S. U.S. NNP 31023 210 2 Navy Navy NNP 31023 210 3 test test NN 31023 210 4 , , , 31023 210 5 1931 1931 CD 31023 210 6 . . . 31023 211 1 ( ( -LRB- 31023 211 2 Smithsonian smithsonian JJ 31023 211 3 photo photo NN 31023 211 4 A48325C. a48325c. NN 31023 211 5 ) ) -RRB- 31023 211 6 ] ] -RRB- 31023 212 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 212 2 Illustration illustration NN 31023 212 3 : : : 31023 212 4 Figure figure NN 31023 212 5 25.--Master 25.--master CD 31023 212 6 and and CC 31023 212 7 link link NN 31023 212 8 connecting connect VBG 31023 212 9 rods rod NNS 31023 212 10 . . . 31023 213 1 U.S. U.S. NNP 31023 213 2 Navy Navy NNP 31023 213 3 test test NN 31023 213 4 , , , 31023 213 5 1931 1931 CD 31023 213 6 . . . 31023 214 1 ( ( -LRB- 31023 214 2 Smithsonian smithsonian JJ 31023 214 3 photo photo NN 31023 214 4 A48323A. a48323a. NN 31023 214 5 ) ) -RRB- 31023 214 6 ] ] -RRB- 31023 215 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 215 2 Illustration illustration NN 31023 215 3 : : : 31023 215 4 Figure figure NN 31023 215 5 26.--Crankshaft 26.--crankshaft CD 31023 215 6 with with IN 31023 215 7 automatic automatic JJ 31023 215 8 - - HYPH 31023 215 9 timing timing NN 31023 215 10 retarding retard VBG 31023 215 11 device device NN 31023 215 12 on on IN 31023 215 13 rear rear JJ 31023 215 14 end end NN 31023 215 15 of of IN 31023 215 16 pivoted- pivoted- NN 31023 215 17 and and CC 31023 215 18 spring spring NN 31023 215 19 - - HYPH 31023 215 20 mounted mount VBN 31023 215 21 counterweights counterweight NNS 31023 215 22 . . . 31023 216 1 U.S. U.S. NNP 31023 216 2 Navy Navy NNP 31023 216 3 test test NN 31023 216 4 , , , 31023 216 5 1931 1931 CD 31023 216 6 . . . 31023 217 1 ( ( -LRB- 31023 217 2 Smithsonian smithsonian JJ 31023 217 3 photo photo NN 31023 217 4 A48323B. a48323b. VB 31023 217 5 ) ) -RRB- 31023 217 6 ] ] -RRB- 31023 218 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 218 2 Illustration illustration NN 31023 218 3 : : : 31023 218 4 Figure figure NN 31023 218 5 27.--Propeller 27.--propeller CD 31023 218 6 hub hub NN 31023 218 7 and and CC 31023 218 8 vibration vibration NN 31023 218 9 damper damper NN 31023 218 10 . . . 31023 219 1 U.S. U.S. NNP 31023 219 2 Navy Navy NNP 31023 219 3 test test NN 31023 219 4 , , , 31023 219 5 1931 1931 CD 31023 219 6 . . . 31023 220 1 ( ( -LRB- 31023 220 2 Smithsonian smithsonian JJ 31023 220 3 photo photo NN 31023 220 4 A48325A. a48325a. NN 31023 220 5 ) ) -RRB- 31023 220 6 ] ] -RRB- 31023 221 1 Crankshaft crankshaft NN 31023 221 2 : : : 31023 221 3 Since since IN 31023 221 4 this this DT 31023 221 5 engine engine NN 31023 221 6 developed develop VBD 31023 221 7 the the DT 31023 221 8 high high JJ 31023 221 9 maximum maximum JJ 31023 221 10 cylinder cylinder NN 31023 221 11 pressure pressure NN 31023 221 12 of of IN 31023 221 13 1500 1500 CD 31023 221 14 psi psi NNP 31023 221 15 , , , 31023 221 16 it -PRON- PRP 31023 221 17 was be VBD 31023 221 18 necessary necessary JJ 31023 221 19 to to TO 31023 221 20 protect protect VB 31023 221 21 the the DT 31023 221 22 crankshaft crankshaft NN 31023 221 23 from from IN 31023 221 24 the the DT 31023 221 25 resulting result VBG 31023 221 26 heavy heavy JJ 31023 221 27 stresses stress NNS 31023 221 28 . . . 31023 222 1 Without without IN 31023 222 2 such such JJ 31023 222 3 protection protection NN 31023 222 4 the the DT 31023 222 5 crankshaft crankshaft NN 31023 222 6 would would MD 31023 222 7 be be VB 31023 222 8 too too RB 31023 222 9 large large JJ 31023 222 10 and and CC 31023 222 11 heavy heavy JJ 31023 222 12 for for IN 31023 222 13 practical practical JJ 31023 222 14 aeronautical aeronautical JJ 31023 222 15 applications application NNS 31023 222 16 . . . 31023 223 1 Although although IN 31023 223 2 the the DT 31023 223 3 maximum maximum JJ 31023 223 4 cylinder cylinder NN 31023 223 5 pressures pressure NNS 31023 223 6 were be VBD 31023 223 7 10 10 CD 31023 223 8 times time NNS 31023 223 9 as as RB 31023 223 10 great great JJ 31023 223 11 as as IN 31023 223 12 the the DT 31023 223 13 average average JJ 31023 223 14 ones one NNS 31023 223 15 , , , 31023 223 16 they -PRON- PRP 31023 223 17 were be VBD 31023 223 18 of of IN 31023 223 19 short short JJ 31023 223 20 duration duration NN 31023 223 21 . . . 31023 224 1 The the DT 31023 224 2 method method NN 31023 224 3 of of IN 31023 224 4 protecting protect VBG 31023 224 5 the the DT 31023 224 6 crankshaft crankshaft NN 31023 224 7 took take VBD 31023 224 8 full full JJ 31023 224 9 advantage advantage NN 31023 224 10 of of IN 31023 224 11 this this DT 31023 224 12 fact fact NN 31023 224 13 . . . 31023 225 1 It -PRON- PRP 31023 225 2 consisted consist VBD 31023 225 3 of of IN 31023 225 4 having have VBG 31023 225 5 the the DT 31023 225 6 counterweights counterweight NNS 31023 225 7 flexibly flexibly RB 31023 225 8 mounted mount VBN 31023 225 9 instead instead RB 31023 225 10 of of IN 31023 225 11 being be VBG 31023 225 12 rigidly rigidly RB 31023 225 13 bolted bolt VBN 31023 225 14 , , , 31023 225 15 as as IN 31023 225 16 was be VBD 31023 225 17 common common JJ 31023 225 18 practice practice NN 31023 225 19 . . . 31023 226 1 The the DT 31023 226 2 counterweights counterweight NNS 31023 226 3 were be VBD 31023 226 4 pivoted pivot VBN 31023 226 5 on on IN 31023 226 6 the the DT 31023 226 7 crank crank NN 31023 226 8 cheeks cheek NNS 31023 226 9 . . . 31023 227 1 Powerful powerful JJ 31023 227 2 compression compression NN 31023 227 3 springs spring NNS 31023 227 4 absorbed absorb VBD 31023 227 5 the the DT 31023 227 6 maximum maximum JJ 31023 227 7 impulses impulse NNS 31023 227 8 by by IN 31023 227 9 permitting permit VBG 31023 227 10 the the DT 31023 227 11 counterweights counterweight NNS 31023 227 12 to to TO 31023 227 13 lag lag VB 31023 227 14 slightly slightly RB 31023 227 15 , , , 31023 227 16 yet yet CC 31023 227 17 forced force VBN 31023 227 18 them -PRON- PRP 31023 227 19 to to TO 31023 227 20 travel travel VB 31023 227 21 precisely precisely RB 31023 227 22 with with IN 31023 227 23 the the DT 31023 227 24 crank crank NN 31023 227 25 cheeks cheek NNS 31023 227 26 at at IN 31023 227 27 all all DT 31023 227 28 other other JJ 31023 227 29 times time NNS 31023 227 30 . . . 31023 228 1 Propeller Propeller NNP 31023 228 2 Hub Hub NNP 31023 228 3 : : : 31023 228 4 The the DT 31023 228 5 propeller propeller NN 31023 228 6 is be VBZ 31023 228 7 , , , 31023 228 8 of of IN 31023 228 9 course course NN 31023 228 10 , , , 31023 228 11 subject subject JJ 31023 228 12 to to IN 31023 228 13 the the DT 31023 228 14 same same JJ 31023 228 15 stresses stress NNS 31023 228 16 as as IN 31023 228 17 the the DT 31023 228 18 crankshaft crankshaft NN 31023 228 19 . . . 31023 229 1 Instead instead RB 31023 229 2 of of IN 31023 229 3 being be VBG 31023 229 4 rigidly rigidly RB 31023 229 5 bolted bolt VBN 31023 229 6 to to IN 31023 229 7 the the DT 31023 229 8 shaft shaft NN 31023 229 9 as as IN 31023 229 10 was be VBD 31023 229 11 common common JJ 31023 229 12 practice practice NN 31023 229 13 , , , 31023 229 14 it -PRON- PRP 31023 229 15 was be VBD 31023 229 16 further further RB 31023 229 17 protected protect VBN 31023 229 18 from from IN 31023 229 19 excessive excessive JJ 31023 229 20 acceleration acceleration NN 31023 229 21 forces force NNS 31023 229 22 by by IN 31023 229 23 being be VBG 31023 229 24 mounted mount VBN 31023 229 25 in in IN 31023 229 26 a a DT 31023 229 27 rubber rubber NN 31023 229 28 - - HYPH 31023 229 29 cushioned cushion VBN 31023 229 30 hub hub NN 31023 229 31 . . . 31023 230 1 This this DT 31023 230 2 permitted permit VBD 31023 230 3 the the DT 31023 230 4 use use NN 31023 230 5 of of IN 31023 230 6 a a DT 31023 230 7 lighter light JJR 31023 230 8 propeller propeller NN 31023 230 9 and and CC 31023 230 10 hub hub NN 31023 230 11 . . . 31023 231 1 Valves valve NNS 31023 231 2 : : : 31023 231 3 A a DT 31023 231 4 further further JJ 31023 231 5 weight weight NN 31023 231 6 saving saving NN 31023 231 7 resulted result VBD 31023 231 8 from from IN 31023 231 9 the the DT 31023 231 10 use use NN 31023 231 11 of of IN 31023 231 12 a a DT 31023 231 13 single single JJ 31023 231 14 valve valve NN 31023 231 15 for for IN 31023 231 16 each each DT 31023 231 17 cylinder cylinder NN 31023 231 18 instead instead RB 31023 231 19 of of IN 31023 231 20 two two CD 31023 231 21 as as IN 31023 231 22 in in IN 31023 231 23 the the DT 31023 231 24 case case NN 31023 231 25 of of IN 31023 231 26 conventional conventional JJ 31023 231 27 gasoline gasoline NN 31023 231 28 aircraft aircraft NN 31023 231 29 engines engine NNS 31023 231 30 . . . 31023 232 1 ( ( -LRB- 31023 232 2 A a DT 31023 232 3 diesel diesel NN 31023 232 4 engine engine NN 31023 232 5 designed design VBN 31023 232 6 in in IN 31023 232 7 this this DT 31023 232 8 manner manner NN 31023 232 9 loses lose VBZ 31023 232 10 less less JJR 31023 232 11 efficiency efficiency NN 31023 232 12 than than IN 31023 232 13 a a DT 31023 232 14 gasoline gasoline NN 31023 232 15 one one CD 31023 232 16 because because IN 31023 232 17 only only JJ 31023 232 18 air air NN 31023 232 19 is be VBZ 31023 232 20 drawn draw VBN 31023 232 21 in in RB 31023 232 22 during during IN 31023 232 23 the the DT 31023 232 24 intake intake JJ 31023 232 25 stroke stroke NN 31023 232 26 . . . 31023 232 27 ) ) -RRB- 31023 233 1 In in IN 31023 233 2 addition addition NN 31023 233 3 to to IN 31023 233 4 the the DT 31023 233 5 weight weight NN 31023 233 6 saving saving NN 31023 233 7 brought bring VBN 31023 233 8 about about RP 31023 233 9 by by IN 31023 233 10 having have VBG 31023 233 11 fewer few JJR 31023 233 12 parts part NNS 31023 233 13 in in IN 31023 233 14 the the DT 31023 233 15 valve valve NN 31023 233 16 mechanism mechanism NN 31023 233 17 , , , 31023 233 18 there there EX 31023 233 19 was be VBD 31023 233 20 an an DT 31023 233 21 additional additional JJ 31023 233 22 advantage advantage NN 31023 233 23 since since IN 31023 233 24 the the DT 31023 233 25 cylinder cylinder NN 31023 233 26 heads head NNS 31023 233 27 could could MD 31023 233 28 be be VB 31023 233 29 made make VBN 31023 233 30 considerably considerably RB 31023 233 31 lighter light JJR 31023 233 32 . . . 31023 234 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 234 2 Illustration illustration NN 31023 234 3 : : : 31023 234 4 Figure figure NN 31023 234 5 28.--Cylinder 28.--cylinder CD 31023 234 6 disassembly disassembly RB 31023 234 7 , , , 31023 234 8 showing show VBG 31023 234 9 valve valve NN 31023 234 10 and and CC 31023 234 11 fuel fuel NN 31023 234 12 injector injector NN 31023 234 13 . . . 31023 235 1 U.S. U.S. NNP 31023 235 2 Navy Navy NNP 31023 235 3 test test NN 31023 235 4 , , , 31023 235 5 1931 1931 CD 31023 235 6 . . . 31023 236 1 ( ( -LRB- 31023 236 2 Smithsonian smithsonian JJ 31023 236 3 photo photo NN 31023 236 4 A48324D. a48324d. NN 31023 236 5 ) ) -RRB- 31023 236 6 ] ] -RRB- 31023 237 1 Diesel diesel NN 31023 237 2 Cycle cycle NN 31023 237 3 Features Features NNP 31023 237 4 Although although IN 31023 237 5 Woolson Woolson NNP 31023 237 6 designed design VBD 31023 237 7 the the DT 31023 237 8 ingenious ingenious JJ 31023 237 9 weight weight NN 31023 237 10 - - HYPH 31023 237 11 saving save VBG 31023 237 12 features feature NNS 31023 237 13 , , , 31023 237 14 Dorner Dorner NNP 31023 237 15 was be VBD 31023 237 16 responsible responsible JJ 31023 237 17 for for IN 31023 237 18 the the DT 31023 237 19 engine engine NN 31023 237 20 's 's POS 31023 237 21 diesel diesel NN 31023 237 22 cycle cycle NN 31023 237 23 which which WDT 31023 237 24 employed employ VBD 31023 237 25 the the DT 31023 237 26 " " `` 31023 237 27 solid solid JJ 31023 237 28 " " '' 31023 237 29 type type NN 31023 237 30 of of IN 31023 237 31 fuel fuel NN 31023 237 32 injection injection NN 31023 237 33 . . . 31023 238 1 In in IN 31023 238 2 order order NN 31023 238 3 to to TO 31023 238 4 understand understand VB 31023 238 5 Dorner Dorner NNP 31023 238 6 's 's POS 31023 238 7 contribution contribution NN 31023 238 8 , , , 31023 238 9 a a DT 31023 238 10 brief brief JJ 31023 238 11 description description NN 31023 238 12 of of IN 31023 238 13 the the DT 31023 238 14 type type NN 31023 238 15 of of IN 31023 238 16 diesel diesel NN 31023 238 17 injection injection NN 31023 238 18 pioneered pioneer VBN 31023 238 19 by by IN 31023 238 20 Dr. Dr. NNP 31023 238 21 Rudolf Rudolf NNP 31023 238 22 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 238 23 is be VBZ 31023 238 24 necessary necessary JJ 31023 238 25 . . . 31023 239 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 31023 239 2 system system NN 31023 239 3 injected inject VBD 31023 239 4 the the DT 31023 239 5 fuel fuel NN 31023 239 6 into into IN 31023 239 7 the the DT 31023 239 8 cylinder cylinder NN 31023 239 9 head head NN 31023 239 10 with with IN 31023 239 11 a a DT 31023 239 12 blast blast NN 31023 239 13 of of IN 31023 239 14 air air NN 31023 239 15 supplied supply VBN 31023 239 16 by by IN 31023 239 17 a a DT 31023 239 18 special special JJ 31023 239 19 air air NN 31023 239 20 reservoir reservoir NN 31023 239 21 at at IN 31023 239 22 a a DT 31023 239 23 pressure pressure NN 31023 239 24 of of IN 31023 239 25 1000 1000 CD 31023 239 26 psi psi NNP 31023 239 27 or or CC 31023 239 28 more more JJR 31023 239 29 . . . 31023 240 1 Known know VBN 31023 240 2 as as IN 31023 240 3 the the DT 31023 240 4 " " `` 31023 240 5 air air NN 31023 240 6 blast blast NN 31023 240 7 " " '' 31023 240 8 type type NN 31023 240 9 of of IN 31023 240 10 injection injection NN 31023 240 11 it -PRON- PRP 31023 240 12 produced produce VBD 31023 240 13 good good JJ 31023 240 14 turbulence turbulence NN 31023 240 15 , , , 31023 240 16 with with IN 31023 240 17 the the DT 31023 240 18 fuel fuel NN 31023 240 19 and and CC 31023 240 20 air air NN 31023 240 21 thoroughly thoroughly RB 31023 240 22 mixed mix VBN 31023 240 23 before before IN 31023 240 24 being be VBG 31023 240 25 ignited ignite VBN 31023 240 26 . . . 31023 241 1 Such such JJ 31023 241 2 mixing mix VBG 31023 241 3 increases increase NNS 31023 241 4 engine engine NN 31023 241 5 efficiency efficiency NN 31023 241 6 , , , 31023 241 7 but but CC 31023 241 8 it -PRON- PRP 31023 241 9 involves involve VBZ 31023 241 10 the the DT 31023 241 11 provision provision NN 31023 241 12 of of IN 31023 241 13 bulky bulky JJ 31023 241 14 and and CC 31023 241 15 costly costly JJ 31023 241 16 air air NN 31023 241 17 - - HYPH 31023 241 18 compressing compressing NN 31023 241 19 apparatus apparatus NN 31023 241 20 which which WDT 31023 241 21 can can MD 31023 241 22 absorb absorb VB 31023 241 23 more more JJR 31023 241 24 than than IN 31023 241 25 5 5 CD 31023 241 26 percent percent NN 31023 241 27 of of IN 31023 241 28 the the DT 31023 241 29 engine engine NN 31023 241 30 's 's POS 31023 241 31 power power NN 31023 241 32 . . . 31023 242 1 Naturally naturally RB 31023 242 2 the the DT 31023 242 3 compressor compressor NN 31023 242 4 also also RB 31023 242 5 adds add VBZ 31023 242 6 considerably considerably RB 31023 242 7 to to IN 31023 242 8 the the DT 31023 242 9 engine engine NN 31023 242 10 's 's POS 31023 242 11 weight weight NN 31023 242 12 . . . 31023 243 1 In in IN 31023 243 2 contrast contrast NN 31023 243 3 to to IN 31023 243 4 this this DT 31023 243 5 , , , 31023 243 6 a a DT 31023 243 7 " " `` 31023 243 8 solid solid JJ 31023 243 9 " " '' 31023 243 10 type type NN 31023 243 11 of of IN 31023 243 12 fuel fuel NN 31023 243 13 injection injection NN 31023 243 14 may may MD 31023 243 15 be be VB 31023 243 16 employed employ VBN 31023 243 17 to to TO 31023 243 18 eliminate eliminate VB 31023 243 19 the the DT 31023 243 20 complications complication NNS 31023 243 21 of of IN 31023 243 22 the the DT 31023 243 23 " " `` 31023 243 24 air air NN 31023 243 25 blast blast NN 31023 243 26 " " '' 31023 243 27 system system NN 31023 243 28 . . . 31023 244 1 It -PRON- PRP 31023 244 2 consists consist VBZ 31023 244 3 of of IN 31023 244 4 injecting inject VBG 31023 244 5 only only JJ 31023 244 6 fuel fuel NN 31023 244 7 at at IN 31023 244 8 a a DT 31023 244 9 pressure pressure NN 31023 244 10 of of IN 31023 244 11 1000 1000 CD 31023 244 12 psi psi NNP 31023 244 13 or or CC 31023 244 14 more more JJR 31023 244 15 . . . 31023 245 1 Air air NN 31023 245 2 is be VBZ 31023 245 3 admitted admit VBN 31023 245 4 by by IN 31023 245 5 intake intake JJ 31023 245 6 stroke stroke NN 31023 245 7 , , , 31023 245 8 as as IN 31023 245 9 with with IN 31023 245 10 a a DT 31023 245 11 gasoline gasoline NN 31023 245 12 engine engine NN 31023 245 13 . . . 31023 246 1 Turbulence turbulence NN 31023 246 2 is be VBZ 31023 246 3 induced induce VBN 31023 246 4 by by IN 31023 246 5 designing design VBG 31023 246 6 the the DT 31023 246 7 combustion combustion NN 31023 246 8 chamber chamber NN 31023 246 9 and and CC 31023 246 10 piston piston NNP 31023 246 11 so so IN 31023 246 12 as as IN 31023 246 13 to to TO 31023 246 14 give give VB 31023 246 15 a a DT 31023 246 16 whirling whirl VBG 31023 246 17 motion motion NN 31023 246 18 to to IN 31023 246 19 the the DT 31023 246 20 air air NN 31023 246 21 during during IN 31023 246 22 the the DT 31023 246 23 intake intake JJ 31023 246 24 stroke stroke NN 31023 246 25 . . . 31023 247 1 The the DT 31023 247 2 following following JJ 31023 247 3 quotation quotation NN 31023 247 4 from from IN 31023 247 5 Dorner Dorner NNP 31023 247 6 now now RB 31023 247 7 becomes become VBZ 31023 247 8 readily readily RB 31023 247 9 understandable understandable JJ 31023 247 10 . . . 31023 248 1 " " `` 31023 248 2 Since since IN 31023 248 3 1922 1922 CD 31023 248 4 my -PRON- PRP$ 31023 248 5 invention invention NN 31023 248 6 consisted consist VBD 31023 248 7 in in IN 31023 248 8 eliminating eliminate VBG 31023 248 9 the the DT 31023 248 10 highly highly RB 31023 248 11 complicated complicated JJ 31023 248 12 compressor compressor NN 31023 248 13 and and CC 31023 248 14 in in IN 31023 248 15 injecting inject VBG 31023 248 16 directly directly RB 31023 248 17 such such PDT 31023 248 18 a a DT 31023 248 19 highly highly RB 31023 248 20 diffused diffuse VBN 31023 248 21 fuel fuel NN 31023 248 22 spray spray NN 31023 248 23 so so IN 31023 248 24 that that IN 31023 248 25 a a DT 31023 248 26 quick quick JJ 31023 248 27 first first JJ 31023 248 28 ignition ignition NN 31023 248 29 could could MD 31023 248 30 be be VB 31023 248 31 depended depend VBN 31023 248 32 upon upon IN 31023 248 33 . . . 31023 249 1 By by IN 31023 249 2 means mean NNS 31023 249 3 of of IN 31023 249 4 rotating rotate VBG 31023 249 5 the the DT 31023 249 6 air air NN 31023 249 7 column column NN 31023 249 8 around around IN 31023 249 9 the the DT 31023 249 10 cylinder cylinder NN 31023 249 11 axis axis NN 31023 249 12 , , , 31023 249 13 fresh fresh JJ 31023 249 14 air air NN 31023 249 15 was be VBD 31023 249 16 constantly constantly RB 31023 249 17 led lead VBN 31023 249 18 along along IN 31023 249 19 the the DT 31023 249 20 fuel fuel NN 31023 249 21 spray spray NN 31023 249 22 to to TO 31023 249 23 achieve achieve VB 31023 249 24 completely completely RB 31023 249 25 sootless sootless IN 31023 249 26 burning burning NN 31023 249 27 - - HYPH 31023 249 28 up up NN 31023 249 29 .... .... . 31023 250 1 In in IN 31023 250 2 1930 1930 CD 31023 250 3 I -PRON- PRP 31023 250 4 sold sell VBD 31023 250 5 my -PRON- PRP$ 31023 250 6 U.S.A. U.S.A. NNP 31023 250 7 patents patent NNS 31023 250 8 to to IN 31023 250 9 Packard Packard NNP 31023 250 10 . . . 31023 251 1 " " `` 31023 251 2 [ [ -LRB- 31023 251 3 14 14 CD 31023 251 4 ] ] -RRB- 31023 251 5 Valve Valve NNP 31023 251 6 Ports Ports NNP 31023 251 7 : : : 31023 251 8 The the DT 31023 251 9 inlet inlet JJ 31023 251 10 port port NN 31023 251 11 ( ( -LRB- 31023 251 12 which which WDT 31023 251 13 was be VBD 31023 251 14 also also RB 31023 251 15 the the DT 31023 251 16 exhaust exhaust JJ 31023 251 17 port port NN 31023 251 18 ) ) -RRB- 31023 251 19 was be VBD 31023 251 20 arranged arrange VBN 31023 251 21 tangentially tangentially RB 31023 251 22 to to IN 31023 251 23 the the DT 31023 251 24 cylinder cylinder NN 31023 251 25 . . . 31023 252 1 This this DT 31023 252 2 design design NN 31023 252 3 imparted impart VBD 31023 252 4 a a DT 31023 252 5 very very RB 31023 252 6 rapid rapid JJ 31023 252 7 whirling whirling NN 31023 252 8 motion motion NN 31023 252 9 to to IN 31023 252 10 the the DT 31023 252 11 incoming incoming JJ 31023 252 12 air air NN 31023 252 13 , , , 31023 252 14 thereby thereby RB 31023 252 15 aiding aid VBG 31023 252 16 the the DT 31023 252 17 combustion combustion NN 31023 252 18 process process NN 31023 252 19 . . . 31023 253 1 Engine engine NN 31023 253 2 efficiency efficiency NN 31023 253 3 and and CC 31023 253 4 rpm rpm NN 31023 253 5 were be VBD 31023 253 6 both both DT 31023 253 7 increased increase VBN 31023 253 8 . . . 31023 254 1 Fuel fuel NN 31023 254 2 Injector injector NN 31023 254 3 Pumps pump NNS 31023 254 4 : : : 31023 254 5 A a DT 31023 254 6 combination combination NN 31023 254 7 fuel fuel NN 31023 254 8 pump pump NN 31023 254 9 and and CC 31023 254 10 nozzle nozzle NN 31023 254 11 was be VBD 31023 254 12 provided provide VBN 31023 254 13 for for IN 31023 254 14 each each DT 31023 254 15 cylinder cylinder NN 31023 254 16 in in IN 31023 254 17 contrast contrast NN 31023 254 18 to to IN 31023 254 19 the the DT 31023 254 20 usual usual JJ 31023 254 21 system system NN 31023 254 22 of of IN 31023 254 23 having have VBG 31023 254 24 a a DT 31023 254 25 multiple multiple JJ 31023 254 26 pump pump NN 31023 254 27 unit unit NN 31023 254 28 remotely remotely RB 31023 254 29 placed place VBN 31023 254 30 with with IN 31023 254 31 regard regard NN 31023 254 32 to to IN 31023 254 33 the the DT 31023 254 34 nozzles nozzle NNS 31023 254 35 . . . 31023 255 1 The the DT 31023 255 2 former former JJ 31023 255 3 system system NN 31023 255 4 was be VBD 31023 255 5 adopted adopt VBN 31023 255 6 after after IN 31023 255 7 frequent frequent JJ 31023 255 8 fuel fuel NN 31023 255 9 - - HYPH 31023 255 10 line line NN 31023 255 11 failures failure NNS 31023 255 12 were be VBD 31023 255 13 experienced experience VBN 31023 255 14 due due IN 31023 255 15 to to IN 31023 255 16 the the DT 31023 255 17 engine engine NN 31023 255 18 's 's POS 31023 255 19 vibration vibration NN 31023 255 20 . . . 31023 256 1 Woolson Woolson NNP 31023 256 2 stated state VBD 31023 256 3 that that IN 31023 256 4 his -PRON- PRP$ 31023 256 5 system system NN 31023 256 6 prevented prevent VBD 31023 256 7 pressure pressure NN 31023 256 8 waves wave NNS 31023 256 9 , , , 31023 256 10 which which WDT 31023 256 11 interfered interfere VBD 31023 256 12 with with IN 31023 256 13 the the DT 31023 256 14 correct correct JJ 31023 256 15 timing timing NN 31023 256 16 of of IN 31023 256 17 the the DT 31023 256 18 fuel fuel NN 31023 256 19 injection injection NN 31023 256 20 , , , 31023 256 21 from from IN 31023 256 22 forming form VBG 31023 256 23 in in IN 31023 256 24 the the DT 31023 256 25 tubing tubing NN 31023 256 26 . . . 31023 257 1 Leigh Leigh NNP 31023 257 2 M. M. NNP 31023 257 3 Griffith Griffith NNP 31023 257 4 , , , 31023 257 5 vice vice NN 31023 257 6 president president NN 31023 257 7 of of IN 31023 257 8 Emsco Emsco NNP 31023 257 9 Aero Aero NNP 31023 257 10 , , , 31023 257 11 writing write VBG 31023 257 12 in in IN 31023 257 13 the the DT 31023 257 14 September September NNP 31023 257 15 1930 1930 CD 31023 257 16 , , , 31023 257 17 _ _ NNP 31023 257 18 S.A.E. S.A.E. NNP 31023 258 1 Journal Journal NNP 31023 258 2 _ _ NNP 31023 258 3 stated state VBD 31023 258 4 : : : 31023 258 5 " " `` 31023 258 6 Regarding regard VBG 31023 258 7 the the DT 31023 258 8 superiority superiority NN 31023 258 9 claim claim NN 31023 258 10 for for IN 31023 258 11 the the DT 31023 258 12 simple simple JJ 31023 258 13 combination combination NN 31023 258 14 of of IN 31023 258 15 fuel fuel NN 31023 258 16 pump pump NN 31023 258 17 and and CC 31023 258 18 injection injection NN 31023 258 19 valve valve NN 31023 258 20 into into IN 31023 258 21 one one CD 31023 258 22 unit unit NN 31023 258 23 , , , 31023 258 24 without without IN 31023 258 25 connecting connect VBG 31023 258 26 piping piping NN 31023 258 27 , , , 31023 258 28 the the DT 31023 258 29 author author NN 31023 258 30 entirely entirely RB 31023 258 31 overlooks overlook VBZ 31023 258 32 the the DT 31023 258 33 fact fact NN 31023 258 34 that that IN 31023 258 35 the the DT 31023 258 36 elasticity elasticity NN 31023 258 37 of of IN 31023 258 38 a a DT 31023 258 39 pipe pipe NN 31023 258 40 and and CC 31023 258 41 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 258 42 contained contain VBN 31023 258 43 fuel fuel NN 31023 258 44 can can MD 31023 258 45 be be VB 31023 258 46 important important JJ 31023 258 47 aids aid NNS 31023 258 48 in in IN 31023 258 49 securing secure VBG 31023 258 50 that that IN 31023 258 51 extremely extremely RB 31023 258 52 abrupt abrupt JJ 31023 258 53 beginning beginning NN 31023 258 54 and and CC 31023 258 55 ending ending NN 31023 258 56 of of IN 31023 258 57 injection injection NN 31023 258 58 which which WDT 31023 258 59 is be VBZ 31023 258 60 so so RB 31023 258 61 desirable desirable JJ 31023 258 62 . . . 31023 258 63 " " '' 31023 259 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 259 2 Illustration illustration NN 31023 259 3 : : : 31023 259 4 Figure figure NN 31023 259 5 29.--Fuel 29.--Fuel NNS 31023 259 6 - - : 31023 259 7 injector injector NN 31023 259 8 disassembly disassembly RB 31023 259 9 . . . 31023 260 1 U.S. U.S. NNP 31023 260 2 Navy Navy NNP 31023 260 3 test test NN 31023 260 4 , , , 31023 260 5 1931 1931 CD 31023 260 6 . . . 31023 261 1 ( ( -LRB- 31023 261 2 Smithsonian smithsonian JJ 31023 261 3 photo photo NN 31023 261 4 A48323C. a48323c. NN 31023 261 5 ) ) -RRB- 31023 261 6 ] ] -RRB- 31023 262 1 A a DT 31023 262 2 major major JJ 31023 262 3 advantage advantage NN 31023 262 4 obtained obtain VBN 31023 262 5 from from IN 31023 262 6 combining combine VBG 31023 262 7 the the DT 31023 262 8 fuel fuel NN 31023 262 9 pump pump NN 31023 262 10 and and CC 31023 262 11 injection injection NN 31023 262 12 valve valve NN 31023 262 13 is be VBZ 31023 262 14 the the DT 31023 262 15 ability ability NN 31023 262 16 of of IN 31023 262 17 an an DT 31023 262 18 engine engine NN 31023 262 19 so so RB 31023 262 20 equipped equip VBN 31023 262 21 to to TO 31023 262 22 burn burn VB 31023 262 23 a a DT 31023 262 24 wide wide JJ 31023 262 25 variety variety NN 31023 262 26 of of IN 31023 262 27 fuels fuel NNS 31023 262 28 . . . 31023 263 1 The the DT 31023 263 2 elimination elimination NN 31023 263 3 of of IN 31023 263 4 the the DT 31023 263 5 above above RB 31023 263 6 - - HYPH 31023 263 7 mentioned mention VBN 31023 263 8 type type NN 31023 263 9 of of IN 31023 263 10 high high JJ 31023 263 11 - - HYPH 31023 263 12 pressure pressure NN 31023 263 13 tubing tubing NN 31023 263 14 reduces reduce VBZ 31023 263 15 the the DT 31023 263 16 possibility possibility NN 31023 263 17 of of IN 31023 263 18 a a DT 31023 263 19 vapor vapor NN 31023 263 20 lock lock NN 31023 263 21 occurring occur VBG 31023 263 22 , , , 31023 263 23 thereby thereby RB 31023 263 24 permitting permit VBG 31023 263 25 more more RBR 31023 263 26 volatile volatile JJ 31023 263 27 fuels fuel NNS 31023 263 28 to to TO 31023 263 29 be be VB 31023 263 30 burned burn VBN 31023 263 31 . . . 31023 264 1 This this DT 31023 264 2 increases increase VBZ 31023 264 3 the the DT 31023 264 4 range range NN 31023 264 5 of of IN 31023 264 6 hydrocarbon hydrocarbon NN 31023 264 7 fuels fuel NNS 31023 264 8 the the DT 31023 264 9 engine engine NN 31023 264 10 can can MD 31023 264 11 utilize utilize VB 31023 264 12 . . . 31023 265 1 It -PRON- PRP 31023 265 2 could could MD 31023 265 3 run run VB 31023 265 4 on on IN 31023 265 5 any any DT 31023 265 6 type type NN 31023 265 7 of of IN 31023 265 8 hydrocarbon hydrocarbon NN 31023 265 9 from from IN 31023 265 10 gasoline gasoline NN 31023 265 11 to to IN 31023 265 12 melted melted JJ 31023 265 13 butter butter NN 31023 265 14 . . . 31023 266 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 266 2 15 15 CD 31023 266 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 266 4 Another another DT 31023 266 5 reason reason NN 31023 266 6 for for IN 31023 266 7 combining combine VBG 31023 266 8 the the DT 31023 266 9 fuel fuel NN 31023 266 10 pump pump NN 31023 266 11 and and CC 31023 266 12 injection injection NN 31023 266 13 valve valve NN 31023 266 14 is be VBZ 31023 266 15 given give VBN 31023 266 16 by by IN 31023 266 17 P. P. NNP 31023 266 18 E. E. NNP 31023 266 19 Biggar Biggar NNP 31023 266 20 in in IN 31023 266 21 _ _ NNP 31023 266 22 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 266 23 Engines Engines NNP 31023 266 24 _ _ NNP 31023 266 25 ( ( -LRB- 31023 266 26 published publish VBN 31023 266 27 in in IN 31023 266 28 1936 1936 CD 31023 266 29 by by IN 31023 266 30 the the DT 31023 266 31 Macmillan Macmillan NNP 31023 266 32 Company Company NNP 31023 266 33 of of IN 31023 266 34 Canada Canada NNP 31023 266 35 Ltd. Ltd. NNP 31023 266 36 , , , 31023 266 37 Toronto Toronto NNP 31023 266 38 ) ) -RRB- 31023 266 39 : : : 31023 266 40 " " `` 31023 266 41 In in IN 31023 266 42 the the DT 31023 266 43 Dorner Dorner NNP 31023 266 44 pump pump NN 31023 266 45 , , , 31023 266 46 for for IN 31023 266 47 example example NN 31023 266 48 , , , 31023 266 49 the the DT 31023 266 50 stroke stroke NN 31023 266 51 of of IN 31023 266 52 the the DT 31023 266 53 plunger plunger NN 31023 266 54 is be VBZ 31023 266 55 changed change VBN 31023 266 56 by by IN 31023 266 57 using use VBG 31023 266 58 a a DT 31023 266 59 lever lever NN 31023 266 60 - - HYPH 31023 266 61 type type NN 31023 266 62 lifter lifter NN 31023 266 63 and and CC 31023 266 64 moving move VBG 31023 266 65 the the DT 31023 266 66 push push NN 31023 266 67 - - HYPH 31023 266 68 rod rod NN 31023 266 69 along along IN 31023 266 70 the the DT 31023 266 71 lever lever NN 31023 266 72 to to TO 31023 266 73 vary vary VB 31023 266 74 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 266 75 movement movement NN 31023 266 76 . . . 31023 267 1 Unfortunately unfortunately RB 31023 267 2 , , , 31023 267 3 in in IN 31023 267 4 all all DT 31023 267 5 arrangements arrangement NNS 31023 267 6 of of IN 31023 267 7 this this DT 31023 267 8 sort sort NN 31023 267 9 , , , 31023 267 10 the the DT 31023 267 11 plunger plunger NN 31023 267 12 comes come VBZ 31023 267 13 to to IN 31023 267 14 a a DT 31023 267 15 reluctant reluctant JJ 31023 267 16 and and CC 31023 267 17 weary weary JJ 31023 267 18 stop stop NN 31023 267 19 , , , 31023 267 20 as as IN 31023 267 21 the the DT 31023 267 22 roller roller NN 31023 267 23 of of IN 31023 267 24 the the DT 31023 267 25 lifter lifter NN 31023 267 26 rounds round VBZ 31023 267 27 the the DT 31023 267 28 nose nose NN 31023 267 29 of of IN 31023 267 30 the the DT 31023 267 31 cam cam NN 31023 267 32 . . . 31023 268 1 When when WRB 31023 268 2 the the DT 31023 268 3 movement movement NN 31023 268 4 does do VBZ 31023 268 5 finally finally RB 31023 268 6 end end VB 31023 268 7 , , , 31023 268 8 the the DT 31023 268 9 injection injection NN 31023 268 10 does do VBZ 31023 268 11 not not RB 31023 268 12 necessarily necessarily RB 31023 268 13 stop stop VB 31023 268 14 , , , 31023 268 15 as as IN 31023 268 16 the the DT 31023 268 17 compressed compress VBN 31023 268 18 fuel fuel NN 31023 268 19 in in IN 31023 268 20 the the DT 31023 268 21 injection injection NN 31023 268 22 pipe pipe NN 31023 268 23 is be VBZ 31023 268 24 still still RB 31023 268 25 left leave VBN 31023 268 26 to to TO 31023 268 27 dribble dribble VB 31023 268 28 miserably miserably RB 31023 268 29 into into IN 31023 268 30 the the DT 31023 268 31 combustion combustion NN 31023 268 32 chamber chamber NN 31023 268 33 . . . 31023 269 1 To to TO 31023 269 2 minimize minimize VB 31023 269 3 this this DT 31023 269 4 defect defect NN 31023 269 5 , , , 31023 269 6 the the DT 31023 269 7 designer designer NN 31023 269 8 has have VBZ 31023 269 9 placed place VBN 31023 269 10 the the DT 31023 269 11 pump pump NN 31023 269 12 and and CC 31023 269 13 injector injector VB 31023 269 14 together together RB 31023 269 15 in in IN 31023 269 16 a a DT 31023 269 17 single single JJ 31023 269 18 unit unit NN 31023 269 19 . . . 31023 269 20 " " '' 31023 270 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 270 2 Illustration illustration NN 31023 270 3 : : : 31023 270 4 Figure figure VB 31023 270 5 30.--Mechanism 30.--mechanism NN 31023 270 6 for for IN 31023 270 7 retarding retard VBG 31023 270 8 valve valve NN 31023 270 9 and and CC 31023 270 10 fuel fuel NN 31023 270 11 - - HYPH 31023 270 12 injection injection NN 31023 270 13 timing timing NN 31023 270 14 during during IN 31023 270 15 starting start VBG 31023 270 16 ( ( -LRB- 31023 270 17 see see VB 31023 270 18 also also RB 31023 270 19 fig fig VB 31023 270 20 . . . 31023 271 1 26 26 CD 31023 271 2 ) ) -RRB- 31023 271 3 . . . 31023 272 1 U.S. U.S. NNP 31023 272 2 Navy Navy NNP 31023 272 3 test test NN 31023 272 4 , , , 31023 272 5 1931 1931 CD 31023 272 6 . . . 31023 273 1 ( ( -LRB- 31023 273 2 Smithsonian smithsonian JJ 31023 273 3 photo photo NN 31023 273 4 A48324E. a48324e. NN 31023 273 5 ) ) -RRB- 31023 273 6 ] ] -RRB- 31023 274 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 274 2 Illustration illustration NN 31023 274 3 : : : 31023 274 4 Figure figure NN 31023 274 5 31.--Upper 31.--upper CD 31023 274 6 -- -- : 31023 274 7 valve valve NN 31023 274 8 and and CC 31023 274 9 fuel fuel NN 31023 274 10 injector injector NN 31023 274 11 cam cam NN 31023 274 12 ; ; : 31023 274 13 lower low JJR 31023 274 14 -- -- : 31023 274 15 fuel fuel NN 31023 274 16 - - HYPH 31023 274 17 injector injector NN 31023 274 18 cam cam NN 31023 274 19 used use VBN 31023 274 20 for for IN 31023 274 21 starting start VBG 31023 274 22 . . . 31023 275 1 U.S. U.S. NNP 31023 275 2 Navy Navy NNP 31023 275 3 test test NN 31023 275 4 , , , 31023 275 5 1931 1931 CD 31023 275 6 . . . 31023 276 1 ( ( -LRB- 31023 276 2 Smithsonian smithsonian JJ 31023 276 3 photo photo NN 31023 276 4 A48325 a48325 NN 31023 276 5 . . . 31023 276 6 ) ) -RRB- 31023 276 7 ] ] -RRB- 31023 277 1 Starting start VBG 31023 277 2 System system NN 31023 277 3 : : : 31023 277 4 On on IN 31023 277 5 November November NNP 31023 277 6 1 1 CD 31023 277 7 , , , 31023 277 8 1961 1961 CD 31023 277 9 , , , 31023 277 10 C. C. NNP 31023 277 11 H. H. NNP 31023 277 12 Wiegman Wiegman NNP 31023 277 13 , , , 31023 277 14 vice vice NN 31023 277 15 president president NN 31023 277 16 of of IN 31023 277 17 engineering engineering NN 31023 277 18 of of IN 31023 277 19 the the DT 31023 277 20 Lycoming Lycoming NNP 31023 277 21 Division Division NNP 31023 277 22 of of IN 31023 277 23 Avco Avco NNP 31023 277 24 Corporation Corporation NNP 31023 277 25 wrote write VBD 31023 277 26 to to IN 31023 277 27 the the DT 31023 277 28 Museum Museum NNP 31023 277 29 in in IN 31023 277 30 part part NN 31023 277 31 as as IN 31023 277 32 follows follow VBZ 31023 277 33 : : : 31023 277 34 Early early RB 31023 277 35 in in IN 31023 277 36 the the DT 31023 277 37 development development NN 31023 277 38 it -PRON- PRP 31023 277 39 became become VBD 31023 277 40 quite quite RB 31023 277 41 evident evident JJ 31023 277 42 that that IN 31023 277 43 cold cold JJ 31023 277 44 starting starting NN 31023 277 45 was be VBD 31023 277 46 a a DT 31023 277 47 problem problem NN 31023 277 48 . . . 31023 278 1 This this DT 31023 278 2 was be VBD 31023 278 3 finally finally RB 31023 278 4 worked work VBN 31023 278 5 out out RP 31023 278 6 by by IN 31023 278 7 Packard packard NN 31023 278 8 through through IN 31023 278 9 the the DT 31023 278 10 use use NN 31023 278 11 of of IN 31023 278 12 glow glow JJ 31023 278 13 plugs plug NNS 31023 278 14 and and CC 31023 278 15 speeding speed VBG 31023 278 16 up up RP 31023 278 17 the the DT 31023 278 18 injectors injector NNS 31023 278 19 during during IN 31023 278 20 the the DT 31023 278 21 cranking cranking NN 31023 278 22 period period NN 31023 278 23 . . . 31023 279 1 It -PRON- PRP 31023 279 2 had have VBD 31023 279 3 been be VBN 31023 279 4 felt feel VBN 31023 279 5 that that IN 31023 279 6 during during IN 31023 279 7 the the DT 31023 279 8 slow slow JJ 31023 279 9 cranking cranking NN 31023 279 10 process process NN 31023 279 11 we -PRON- PRP 31023 279 12 were be VBD 31023 279 13 not not RB 31023 279 14 vaporizing vaporize VBG 31023 279 15 the the DT 31023 279 16 fuel fuel NN 31023 279 17 through through IN 31023 279 18 the the DT 31023 279 19 nozzles nozzle NNS 31023 279 20 and and CC 31023 279 21 that that IN 31023 279 22 if if IN 31023 279 23 we -PRON- PRP 31023 279 24 could could MD 31023 279 25 speed speed VB 31023 279 26 up up RP 31023 279 27 the the DT 31023 279 28 injection injection NN 31023 279 29 pumps pump VBZ 31023 279 30 during during IN 31023 279 31 this this DT 31023 279 32 period period NN 31023 279 33 of of IN 31023 279 34 cranking crank VBG 31023 279 35 a a DT 31023 279 36 better well JJR 31023 279 37 vaporization vaporization NN 31023 279 38 could could MD 31023 279 39 be be VB 31023 279 40 obtained obtain VBN 31023 279 41 . . . 31023 280 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ 31023 280 2 tests test NNS 31023 280 3 showed show VBD 31023 280 4 that that IN 31023 280 5 we -PRON- PRP 31023 280 6 were be VBD 31023 280 7 right right JJ 31023 280 8 , , , 31023 280 9 and and CC 31023 280 10 that that IN 31023 280 11 the the DT 31023 280 12 engine engine NN 31023 280 13 could could MD 31023 280 14 be be VB 31023 280 15 started start VBN 31023 280 16 quite quite RB 31023 280 17 easily easily RB 31023 280 18 at at IN 31023 280 19 minus minus CC 31023 280 20 10 10 CD 31023 280 21 ° ° NNS 31023 280 22 F F NNP 31023 280 23 through through IN 31023 280 24 the the DT 31023 280 25 use use NN 31023 280 26 of of IN 31023 280 27 glow glow JJ 31023 280 28 plugs plug NNS 31023 280 29 . . . 31023 281 1 The the DT 31023 281 2 method method NN 31023 281 3 used use VBN 31023 281 4 for for IN 31023 281 5 speeding speed VBG 31023 281 6 up up RP 31023 281 7 the the DT 31023 281 8 injection injection NN 31023 281 9 pumps pump NNS 31023 281 10 was be VBD 31023 281 11 accomplished accomplish VBN 31023 281 12 by by IN 31023 281 13 utilizing utilize VBG 31023 281 14 a a DT 31023 281 15 crankshaft crankshaft NN 31023 281 16 cam cam NN 31023 281 17 during during IN 31023 281 18 the the DT 31023 281 19 cranking cranking NN 31023 281 20 period period NN 31023 281 21 . . . 31023 282 1 The the DT 31023 282 2 starter starter NN 31023 282 3 would would MD 31023 282 4 shift shift VB 31023 282 5 the the DT 31023 282 6 running run VBG 31023 282 7 cam cam NN 31023 282 8 out out IN 31023 282 9 of of IN 31023 282 10 position position NN 31023 282 11 allowing allow VBG 31023 282 12 the the DT 31023 282 13 crankshaft crankshaft NN 31023 282 14 cam cam NN 31023 282 15 to to TO 31023 282 16 take take VB 31023 282 17 over over RP 31023 282 18 . . . 31023 283 1 After after IN 31023 283 2 the the DT 31023 283 3 engine engine NN 31023 283 4 fired fire VBD 31023 283 5 , , , 31023 283 6 the the DT 31023 283 7 starter starter NN 31023 283 8 was be VBD 31023 283 9 disengaged disengaged JJ 31023 283 10 and and CC 31023 283 11 the the DT 31023 283 12 running run VBG 31023 283 13 injector injector NN 31023 283 14 pump pump NN 31023 283 15 cam cam NN 31023 283 16 would would MD 31023 283 17 assume assume VB 31023 283 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 283 19 original original JJ 31023 283 20 position position NN 31023 283 21 . . . 31023 284 1 The the DT 31023 284 2 starting start VBG 31023 284 3 cam cam NN 31023 284 4 would would MD 31023 284 5 be be VB 31023 284 6 run run VBN 31023 284 7 at at IN 31023 284 8 engine engine NN 31023 284 9 speed speed NN 31023 284 10 during during IN 31023 284 11 cranking cranking NN 31023 284 12 , , , 31023 284 13 and and CC 31023 284 14 the the DT 31023 284 15 running run VBG 31023 284 16 cam cam NN 31023 284 17 at at IN 31023 284 18 1/8 1/8 CD 31023 284 19 reverse reverse JJ 31023 284 20 engine engine NN 31023 284 21 speed speed NN 31023 284 22 during during IN 31023 284 23 engine engine NN 31023 284 24 operation operation NN 31023 284 25 . . . 31023 285 1 The the DT 31023 285 2 shifting shifting NN 31023 285 3 was be VBD 31023 285 4 accomplished accomplish VBN 31023 285 5 by by IN 31023 285 6 a a DT 31023 285 7 pin pin VB 31023 285 8 - - HYPH 31023 285 9 in in IN 31023 285 10 - - HYPH 31023 285 11 slot slot NN 31023 285 12 and and CC 31023 285 13 spring spring NN 31023 285 14 arrangement arrangement NN 31023 285 15 to to TO 31023 285 16 change change VB 31023 285 17 the the DT 31023 285 18 indexing indexing NN 31023 285 19 of of IN 31023 285 20 the the DT 31023 285 21 cams cam NNS 31023 285 22 to to IN 31023 285 23 starting start VBG 31023 285 24 position position NN 31023 285 25 and and CC 31023 285 26 return return NN 31023 285 27 . . . 31023 286 1 An an DT 31023 286 2 Eclipse Eclipse NNP 31023 286 3 electric electric JJ 31023 286 4 starter starter NN 31023 286 5 with with IN 31023 286 6 an an DT 31023 286 7 oversized oversized JJ 31023 286 8 flywheel flywheel NN 31023 286 9 was be VBD 31023 286 10 used use VBN 31023 286 11 .... .... . 31023 287 1 This this DT 31023 287 2 was be VBD 31023 287 3 powered power VBN 31023 287 4 by by IN 31023 287 5 a a DT 31023 287 6 double double JJ 31023 287 7 - - HYPH 31023 287 8 sized sized JJ 31023 287 9 battery battery NN 31023 287 10 . . . 31023 288 1 Development Development NNP 31023 288 2 Air Air NNP 31023 288 3 Shutters Shutters NNP 31023 288 4 : : : 31023 288 5 The the DT 31023 288 6 first first JJ 31023 288 7 engines engine NNS 31023 288 8 had have VBD 31023 288 9 no no DT 31023 288 10 provision provision NN 31023 288 11 for for IN 31023 288 12 throttling throttle VBG 31023 288 13 the the DT 31023 288 14 intake intake JJ 31023 288 15 air air NN 31023 288 16 . . . 31023 289 1 This this DT 31023 289 2 allowed allow VBD 31023 289 3 the the DT 31023 289 4 engine engine NN 31023 289 5 to to TO 31023 289 6 run run VB 31023 289 7 on on IN 31023 289 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 289 9 own own JJ 31023 289 10 lubricating lubricating NN 31023 289 11 oil oil NN 31023 289 12 when when WRB 31023 289 13 the the DT 31023 289 14 throttle throttle NN 31023 289 15 was be VBD 31023 289 16 in in IN 31023 289 17 idle idle JJ 31023 289 18 position position NN 31023 289 19 . . . 31023 290 1 As as IN 31023 290 2 a a DT 31023 290 3 result result NN 31023 290 4 the the DT 31023 290 5 engine engine NN 31023 290 6 idled idle VBD 31023 290 7 too too RB 31023 290 8 fast fast RB 31023 290 9 , , , 31023 290 10 thereby thereby RB 31023 290 11 causing cause VBG 31023 290 12 either either CC 31023 290 13 excessive excessive JJ 31023 290 14 taxiing taxiing JJ 31023 290 15 speeds speed NNS 31023 290 16 or or CC 31023 290 17 rapid rapid JJ 31023 290 18 brake brake NN 31023 290 19 wear wear NN 31023 290 20 . . . 31023 291 1 This this DT 31023 291 2 inability inability NN 31023 291 3 to to TO 31023 291 4 idle idle VB 31023 291 5 slowly slowly RB 31023 291 6 also also RB 31023 291 7 caused cause VBD 31023 291 8 high high JJ 31023 291 9 landing landing NN 31023 291 10 speeds speed NNS 31023 291 11 since since IN 31023 291 12 the the DT 31023 291 13 propeller propeller NN 31023 291 14 did do VBD 31023 291 15 not not RB 31023 291 16 turn turn VB 31023 291 17 slowly slowly RB 31023 291 18 enough enough RB 31023 291 19 to to TO 31023 291 20 act act VB 31023 291 21 as as IN 31023 291 22 an an DT 31023 291 23 airbrake airbrake NN 31023 291 24 . . . 31023 292 1 Figure figure NN 31023 292 2 1 1 CD 31023 292 3 shows show VBZ 31023 292 4 the the DT 31023 292 5 first first JJ 31023 292 6 model model NN 31023 292 7 . . . 31023 293 1 Note note VB 31023 293 2 that that IN 31023 293 3 the the DT 31023 293 4 tubular tubular JJ 31023 293 5 air air NN 31023 293 6 intakes intake NNS 31023 293 7 on on IN 31023 293 8 top top NN 31023 293 9 of of IN 31023 293 10 the the DT 31023 293 11 cylinders cylinder NNS 31023 293 12 have have VBP 31023 293 13 no no DT 31023 293 14 valves valve NNS 31023 293 15 . . . 31023 294 1 Figure figure NN 31023 294 2 32 32 CD 31023 294 3 shows show VBZ 31023 294 4 a a DT 31023 294 5 later later JJ 31023 294 6 model model NN 31023 294 7 . . . 31023 295 1 Note note VB 31023 295 2 the the DT 31023 295 3 butterfly butterfly NN 31023 295 4 valves valve VBZ 31023 295 5 in in IN 31023 295 6 the the DT 31023 295 7 U U NNP 31023 295 8 - - HYPH 31023 295 9 shaped shaped JJ 31023 295 10 air air NN 31023 295 11 intakes intake NNS 31023 295 12 . . . 31023 296 1 Here here RB 31023 296 2 they -PRON- PRP 31023 296 3 are be VBP 31023 296 4 shown show VBN 31023 296 5 fully fully RB 31023 296 6 opened open VBN 31023 296 7 . . . 31023 297 1 When when WRB 31023 297 2 the the DT 31023 297 3 throttle throttle NN 31023 297 4 was be VBD 31023 297 5 placed place VBN 31023 297 6 in in IN 31023 297 7 idle idle JJ 31023 297 8 position position NN 31023 297 9 these these DT 31023 297 10 valves valve NNS 31023 297 11 automatically automatically RB 31023 297 12 closed close VBN 31023 297 13 and and CC 31023 297 14 prevented prevent VBN 31023 297 15 air air NN 31023 297 16 from from IN 31023 297 17 flowing flow VBG 31023 297 18 past past IN 31023 297 19 them -PRON- PRP 31023 297 20 . . . 31023 298 1 Air air NN 31023 298 2 could could MD 31023 298 3 then then RB 31023 298 4 only only RB 31023 298 5 enter enter VB 31023 298 6 from from IN 31023 298 7 the the DT 31023 298 8 back back NN 31023 298 9 of of IN 31023 298 10 the the DT 31023 298 11 intakes intake NNS 31023 298 12 . . . 31023 299 1 Since since IN 31023 299 2 less less JJR 31023 299 3 air air NN 31023 299 4 could could MD 31023 299 5 flow flow VB 31023 299 6 into into IN 31023 299 7 the the DT 31023 299 8 cylinders cylinder NNS 31023 299 9 , , , 31023 299 10 the the DT 31023 299 11 force force NN 31023 299 12 of of IN 31023 299 13 their -PRON- PRP$ 31023 299 14 explosions explosion NNS 31023 299 15 was be VBD 31023 299 16 reduced reduce VBN 31023 299 17 , , , 31023 299 18 which which WDT 31023 299 19 , , , 31023 299 20 in in IN 31023 299 21 turn turn NN 31023 299 22 , , , 31023 299 23 lowered lower VBD 31023 299 24 the the DT 31023 299 25 idling idle VBG 31023 299 26 revolutions revolution NNS 31023 299 27 per per IN 31023 299 28 minute minute NN 31023 299 29 . . . 31023 300 1 Figure figure NN 31023 300 2 28 28 CD 31023 300 3 shows show VBZ 31023 300 4 a a DT 31023 300 5 cylinder cylinder NN 31023 300 6 from from IN 31023 300 7 a a DT 31023 300 8 more more RBR 31023 300 9 advanced advanced JJ 31023 300 10 model model NN 31023 300 11 . . . 31023 301 1 Note note VB 31023 301 2 the the DT 31023 301 3 circular circular JJ 31023 301 4 opening opening NN 31023 301 5 between between IN 31023 301 6 the the DT 31023 301 7 air air NN 31023 301 8 intake intake NN 31023 301 9 and and CC 31023 301 10 the the DT 31023 301 11 intake intake JJ 31023 301 12 / / SYM 31023 301 13 exhaust exhaust NN 31023 301 14 housing housing NN 31023 301 15 . . . 31023 302 1 A a DT 31023 302 2 barrel barrel NN 31023 302 3 type type NN 31023 302 4 of of IN 31023 302 5 valve valve NN 31023 302 6 fitted fit VBN 31023 302 7 into into IN 31023 302 8 this this DT 31023 302 9 opening opening NN 31023 302 10 . . . 31023 303 1 One one CD 31023 303 2 of of IN 31023 303 3 these these DT 31023 303 4 valves valve NNS 31023 303 5 can can MD 31023 303 6 be be VB 31023 303 7 seen see VBN 31023 303 8 just just RB 31023 303 9 below below RB 31023 303 10 and and CC 31023 303 11 to to IN 31023 303 12 the the DT 31023 303 13 left left NN 31023 303 14 of of IN 31023 303 15 the the DT 31023 303 16 cylinder cylinder NN 31023 303 17 . . . 31023 304 1 When when WRB 31023 304 2 the the DT 31023 304 3 throttle throttle NN 31023 304 4 was be VBD 31023 304 5 placed place VBN 31023 304 6 in in IN 31023 304 7 idle idle JJ 31023 304 8 position position NN 31023 304 9 this this DT 31023 304 10 valve valve NN 31023 304 11 rotated rotate VBD 31023 304 12 to to IN 31023 304 13 a a DT 31023 304 14 position position NN 31023 304 15 which which WDT 31023 304 16 cut cut VBD 31023 304 17 off off RP 31023 304 18 almost almost RB 31023 304 19 all all DT 31023 304 20 of of IN 31023 304 21 the the DT 31023 304 22 airflow airflow NN 31023 304 23 into into IN 31023 304 24 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 304 25 cylinder cylinder NN 31023 304 26 . . . 31023 305 1 This this DT 31023 305 2 increased increase VBD 31023 305 3 the the DT 31023 305 4 vacuum vacuum NN 31023 305 5 formed form VBN 31023 305 6 toward toward IN 31023 305 7 the the DT 31023 305 8 end end NN 31023 305 9 of of IN 31023 305 10 the the DT 31023 305 11 intake intake JJ 31023 305 12 stroke stroke NN 31023 305 13 , , , 31023 305 14 thereby thereby RB 31023 305 15 causing cause VBG 31023 305 16 more more JJR 31023 305 17 resistance resistance NN 31023 305 18 , , , 31023 305 19 which which WDT 31023 305 20 reduced reduce VBD 31023 305 21 the the DT 31023 305 22 idling idle VBG 31023 305 23 rpm rpm NN 31023 305 24 to to IN 31023 305 25 that that DT 31023 305 26 of of IN 31023 305 27 a a DT 31023 305 28 gasoline gasoline NN 31023 305 29 engine engine NN 31023 305 30 . . . 31023 306 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 306 2 16 16 CD 31023 306 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 306 4 [ [ -LRB- 31023 306 5 Illustration illustration NN 31023 306 6 : : : 31023 306 7 Figure figure NN 31023 306 8 32.--Front 32.--front CD 31023 306 9 left left JJ 31023 306 10 view view NN 31023 306 11 of of IN 31023 306 12 engine engine NN 31023 306 13 from from IN 31023 306 14 Packard Packard NNP 31023 306 15 Motor Motor NNP 31023 306 16 Car Car NNP 31023 306 17 Co. Co. NNP 31023 306 18 50-hour 50-hour CD 31023 306 19 test test NN 31023 306 20 , , , 31023 306 21 1930 1930 CD 31023 306 22 , , , 31023 306 23 showing show VBG 31023 306 24 butterfly butterfly NN 31023 306 25 valve valve NN 31023 306 26 type type NN 31023 306 27 venturi venturi NN 31023 306 28 throttles throttle NNS 31023 306 29 . . . 31023 307 1 ( ( -LRB- 31023 307 2 Smithsonian smithsonian JJ 31023 307 3 photo photo NN 31023 307 4 A48325E. a48325e. NN 31023 307 5 ) ) -RRB- 31023 307 6 ] ] -RRB- 31023 308 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 308 2 Illustration illustration NN 31023 308 3 : : : 31023 308 4 Figure figure NN 31023 308 5 33.--Front 33.--front CD 31023 308 6 left left JJ 31023 308 7 view view NN 31023 308 8 of of IN 31023 308 9 engine engine NN 31023 308 10 from from IN 31023 308 11 U.S. U.S. NNP 31023 308 12 Navy Navy NNP 31023 308 13 test test NN 31023 308 14 , , , 31023 308 15 1931 1931 CD 31023 308 16 , , , 31023 308 17 showing show VBG 31023 308 18 spiral spiral JJ 31023 308 19 oil oil NN 31023 308 20 cooler cooler NN 31023 308 21 . . . 31023 309 1 ( ( -LRB- 31023 309 2 Smithsonian smithsonian JJ 31023 309 3 photo photo NN 31023 309 4 A48324A. a48324a. NN 31023 309 5 ) ) -RRB- 31023 309 6 ] ] -RRB- 31023 310 1 Crankcase crankcase NN 31023 310 2 : : : 31023 310 3 It -PRON- PRP 31023 310 4 was be VBD 31023 310 5 strengthened strengthen VBN 31023 310 6 by by IN 31023 310 7 having have VBG 31023 310 8 external external JJ 31023 310 9 ribs rib NNS 31023 310 10 added add VBN 31023 310 11 . . . 31023 311 1 Note note VB 31023 311 2 the the DT 31023 311 3 contrast contrast NN 31023 311 4 between between IN 31023 311 5 the the DT 31023 311 6 first first JJ 31023 311 7 engine engine NN 31023 311 8 , , , 31023 311 9 figure figure NN 31023 311 10 2 2 CD 31023 311 11 , , , 31023 311 12 and and CC 31023 311 13 a a DT 31023 311 14 later later JJ 31023 311 15 model model NN 31023 311 16 , , , 31023 311 17 figure figure NN 31023 311 18 32 32 CD 31023 311 19 . . . 31023 312 1 Oil oil NN 31023 312 2 Cooler Cooler NNP 31023 312 3 : : : 31023 312 4 The the DT 31023 312 5 drum drum NN 31023 312 6 - - HYPH 31023 312 7 shaped shape VBN 31023 312 8 honeycombed honeycombed JJ 31023 312 9 cooler cooler NN 31023 312 10 was be VBD 31023 312 11 replaced replace VBN 31023 312 12 by by IN 31023 312 13 a a DT 31023 312 14 spiral spiral JJ 31023 312 15 pipe pipe NN 31023 312 16 type type NN 31023 312 17 located locate VBN 31023 312 18 between between IN 31023 312 19 the the DT 31023 312 20 engine engine NN 31023 312 21 cowl cowl NN 31023 312 22 and and CC 31023 312 23 the the DT 31023 312 24 crankcase crankcase NN 31023 312 25 . . . 31023 313 1 Figure figure NN 31023 313 2 3 3 CD 31023 313 3 shows show VBZ 31023 313 4 an an DT 31023 313 5 example example NN 31023 313 6 of of IN 31023 313 7 the the DT 31023 313 8 former former JJ 31023 313 9 type type NN 31023 313 10 of of IN 31023 313 11 cooler cooler NN 31023 313 12 located locate VBN 31023 313 13 at at IN 31023 313 14 the the DT 31023 313 15 top top NN 31023 313 16 of of IN 31023 313 17 the the DT 31023 313 18 engine engine NN 31023 313 19 between between IN 31023 313 20 two two CD 31023 313 21 of of IN 31023 313 22 the the DT 31023 313 23 cylinders cylinder NNS 31023 313 24 . . . 31023 314 1 Figure figure NN 31023 314 2 33 33 CD 31023 314 3 illustrates illustrate VBZ 31023 314 4 the the DT 31023 314 5 latter latter JJ 31023 314 6 type type NN 31023 314 7 located locate VBN 31023 314 8 between between IN 31023 314 9 the the DT 31023 314 10 cowling cowling NN 31023 314 11 and and CC 31023 314 12 the the DT 31023 314 13 crankcase crankcase NN 31023 314 14 . . . 31023 315 1 Cylinder Cylinder NNP 31023 315 2 Fastening fastening NN 31023 315 3 : : : 31023 315 4 Early early JJ 31023 315 5 models model NNS 31023 315 6 had have VBD 31023 315 7 their -PRON- PRP$ 31023 315 8 cylinders cylinder NNS 31023 315 9 strapped strap VBN 31023 315 10 and and CC 31023 315 11 bolted bolt VBN 31023 315 12 to to IN 31023 315 13 the the DT 31023 315 14 crankcase crankcase NN 31023 315 15 . . . 31023 316 1 Later later JJ 31023 316 2 ones one NNS 31023 316 3 had have VBD 31023 316 4 them -PRON- PRP 31023 316 5 only only RB 31023 316 6 strapped strap VBN 31023 316 7 . . . 31023 317 1 Figure figure NN 31023 317 2 2 2 CD 31023 317 3 shows show VBZ 31023 317 4 a a DT 31023 317 5 bolt bolt NN 31023 317 6 - - HYPH 31023 317 7 fastened fasten VBN 31023 317 8 clamp clamp NN 31023 317 9 between between IN 31023 317 10 two two CD 31023 317 11 of of IN 31023 317 12 the the DT 31023 317 13 cylinders cylinder NNS 31023 317 14 on on IN 31023 317 15 the the DT 31023 317 16 first first JJ 31023 317 17 engine engine NN 31023 317 18 . . . 31023 318 1 Figure figure NN 31023 318 2 19 19 CD 31023 318 3 shows show VBZ 31023 318 4 a a DT 31023 318 5 later later JJ 31023 318 6 model model NN 31023 318 7 without without IN 31023 318 8 any any DT 31023 318 9 bolts bolt NNS 31023 318 10 holding hold VBG 31023 318 11 down down IN 31023 318 12 the the DT 31023 318 13 cylinders cylinder NNS 31023 318 14 . . . 31023 319 1 Pistons piston NNS 31023 319 2 : : : 31023 319 3 The the DT 31023 319 4 pistons piston NNS 31023 319 5 used use VBN 31023 319 6 in in IN 31023 319 7 the the DT 31023 319 8 1929 1929 CD 31023 319 9 engine engine NN 31023 319 10 had have VBD 31023 319 11 one one CD 31023 319 12 compression compression NN 31023 319 13 ring ring NN 31023 319 14 and and CC 31023 319 15 one one CD 31023 319 16 oil oil NN 31023 319 17 scraper scraper NN 31023 319 18 ring re VBG 31023 319 19 above above IN 31023 319 20 the the DT 31023 319 21 piston piston NNP 31023 319 22 pin pin NNP 31023 319 23 , , , 31023 319 24 and and CC 31023 319 25 one one CD 31023 319 26 oil oil NN 31023 319 27 scraper scraper NN 31023 319 28 ring re VBG 31023 319 29 below below IN 31023 319 30 it -PRON- PRP 31023 319 31 . . . 31023 320 1 There there EX 31023 320 2 were be VBD 31023 320 3 three three CD 31023 320 4 grooves groove NNS 31023 320 5 , , , 31023 320 6 two two CD 31023 320 7 above above IN 31023 320 8 the the DT 31023 320 9 piston piston NN 31023 320 10 pin pin NNP 31023 320 11 , , , 31023 320 12 and and CC 31023 320 13 one one CD 31023 320 14 below below IN 31023 320 15 it -PRON- PRP 31023 320 16 . . . 31023 321 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 321 2 17 17 CD 31023 321 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 321 4 Pistons piston NNS 31023 321 5 used use VBN 31023 321 6 in in IN 31023 321 7 1930 1930 CD 31023 321 8 had have VBD 31023 321 9 two two CD 31023 321 10 compression compression NN 31023 321 11 rings ring NNS 31023 321 12 , , , 31023 321 13 one one CD 31023 321 14 oil oil NN 31023 321 15 scraper scraper NN 31023 321 16 ring re VBG 31023 321 17 above above IN 31023 321 18 the the DT 31023 321 19 piston piston NNP 31023 321 20 pin pin NNP 31023 321 21 , , , 31023 321 22 and and CC 31023 321 23 one one CD 31023 321 24 oil oil NN 31023 321 25 scraper scraper NN 31023 321 26 ring re VBG 31023 321 27 below below IN 31023 321 28 it -PRON- PRP 31023 321 29 . . . 31023 322 1 There there EX 31023 322 2 were be VBD 31023 322 3 four four CD 31023 322 4 grooves groove NNS 31023 322 5 , , , 31023 322 6 three three CD 31023 322 7 above above IN 31023 322 8 the the DT 31023 322 9 piston piston NNP 31023 322 10 pin pin NNP 31023 322 11 , , , 31023 322 12 and and CC 31023 322 13 one one CD 31023 322 14 below below IN 31023 322 15 it -PRON- PRP 31023 322 16 . . . 31023 323 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 323 2 18 18 CD 31023 323 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 323 4 The the DT 31023 323 5 1931 1931 CD 31023 323 6 pistons piston NNS 31023 323 7 had have VBD 31023 323 8 one one CD 31023 323 9 compression compression NN 31023 323 10 ring ring NN 31023 323 11 above above IN 31023 323 12 the the DT 31023 323 13 piston piston NNP 31023 323 14 pin pin NNP 31023 323 15 , , , 31023 323 16 and and CC 31023 323 17 one one CD 31023 323 18 compression compression NN 31023 323 19 ring ring NN 31023 323 20 and and CC 31023 323 21 four four CD 31023 323 22 oil oil NN 31023 323 23 scraper scraper NN 31023 323 24 rings ring NNS 31023 323 25 below below IN 31023 323 26 it -PRON- PRP 31023 323 27 . . . 31023 324 1 There there EX 31023 324 2 were be VBD 31023 324 3 four four CD 31023 324 4 grooves groove NNS 31023 324 5 , , , 31023 324 6 one one CD 31023 324 7 above above IN 31023 324 8 the the DT 31023 324 9 piston piston NNP 31023 324 10 pin pin NNP 31023 324 11 , , , 31023 324 12 and and CC 31023 324 13 three three CD 31023 324 14 below below IN 31023 324 15 it -PRON- PRP 31023 324 16 . . . 31023 325 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 325 2 19 19 CD 31023 325 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 325 4 [ [ -LRB- 31023 325 5 Illustration illustration NN 31023 325 6 : : : 31023 325 7 Figure figure NN 31023 325 8 34.--Modified 34.--modified CD 31023 325 9 pistons piston NNS 31023 325 10 after after IN 31023 325 11 endurance endurance NN 31023 325 12 run run VBN 31023 325 13 . . . 31023 326 1 U.S. U.S. NNP 31023 326 2 Navy Navy NNP 31023 326 3 test test NN 31023 326 4 , , , 31023 326 5 1931 1931 CD 31023 326 6 . . . 31023 327 1 ( ( -LRB- 31023 327 2 Smithsonian smithsonian JJ 31023 327 3 photo photo NN 31023 327 4 A48325D. a48325d. CD 31023 327 5 ) ) -RRB- 31023 327 6 ] ] -RRB- 31023 328 1 Combustion Combustion NNP 31023 328 2 Chamber Chamber NNP 31023 328 3 : : : 31023 328 4 In in IN 31023 328 5 1931 1931 CD 31023 328 6 the the DT 31023 328 7 contour contour NN 31023 328 8 of of IN 31023 328 9 the the DT 31023 328 10 cylinder cylinder NN 31023 328 11 head head NN 31023 328 12 was be VBD 31023 328 13 changed change VBN 31023 328 14 slightly slightly RB 31023 328 15 . . . 31023 329 1 This this DT 31023 329 2 improved improve VBD 31023 329 3 the the DT 31023 329 4 combustion combustion NN 31023 329 5 efficiency efficiency NN 31023 329 6 to to IN 31023 329 7 the the DT 31023 329 8 extent extent NN 31023 329 9 that that IN 31023 329 10 the the DT 31023 329 11 stroke stroke NN 31023 329 12 of of IN 31023 329 13 the the DT 31023 329 14 fuel fuel NN 31023 329 15 pumps pump NNS 31023 329 16 could could MD 31023 329 17 be be VB 31023 329 18 decreased decrease VBN 31023 329 19 about about RB 31023 329 20 15 15 CD 31023 329 21 percent percent NN 31023 329 22 . . . 31023 330 1 The the DT 31023 330 2 specific specific JJ 31023 330 3 fuel fuel NN 31023 330 4 consumption consumption NN 31023 330 5 then then RB 31023 330 6 decreased decrease VBD 31023 330 7 about about RB 31023 330 8 10 10 CD 31023 330 9 percent percent NN 31023 330 10 . . . 31023 331 1 In in IN 31023 331 2 addition addition NN 31023 331 3 the the DT 31023 331 4 compression compression NN 31023 331 5 ratio ratio NN 31023 331 6 was be VBD 31023 331 7 reduced reduce VBN 31023 331 8 from from IN 31023 331 9 16:1 16:1 CD 31023 331 10 to to IN 31023 331 11 14:1 14:1 CD 31023 331 12 . . . 31023 332 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 332 2 20 20 CD 31023 332 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 332 4 These these DT 31023 332 5 changes change NNS 31023 332 6 were be VBD 31023 332 7 designed design VBN 31023 332 8 to to TO 31023 332 9 eliminate eliminate VB 31023 332 10 smoke smoke NN 31023 332 11 from from IN 31023 332 12 the the DT 31023 332 13 exhaust exhaust NN 31023 332 14 at at IN 31023 332 15 cruising cruise VBG 31023 332 16 speed speed NN 31023 332 17 , , , 31023 332 18 and and CC 31023 332 19 to to TO 31023 332 20 reduce reduce VB 31023 332 21 it -PRON- PRP 31023 332 22 at at IN 31023 332 23 wide wide RB 31023 332 24 - - HYPH 31023 332 25 open open JJ 31023 332 26 throttle throttle NN 31023 332 27 . . . 31023 333 1 Valves valve NNS 31023 333 2 : : : 31023 333 3 A a DT 31023 333 4 two two CD 31023 333 5 - - HYPH 31023 333 6 valve valve NN 31023 333 7 - - HYPH 31023 333 8 per per IN 31023 333 9 - - HYPH 31023 333 10 cylinder cylinder NN 31023 333 11 model model NN 31023 333 12 was be VBD 31023 333 13 built build VBN 31023 333 14 , , , 31023 333 15 but but CC 31023 333 16 not not RB 31023 333 17 put put VB 31023 333 18 into into IN 31023 333 19 production production NN 31023 333 20 . . . 31023 334 1 It -PRON- PRP 31023 334 2 featured feature VBD 31023 334 3 more more JJR 31023 334 4 horsepower horsepower NN 31023 334 5 ( ( -LRB- 31023 334 6 300 300 CD 31023 334 7 ) ) -RRB- 31023 334 8 , , , 31023 334 9 a a DT 31023 334 10 higher high JJR 31023 334 11 rate rate NN 31023 334 12 of of IN 31023 334 13 revolutions revolution NNS 31023 334 14 per per IN 31023 334 15 minute minute NN 31023 334 16 ( ( -LRB- 31023 334 17 2000 2000 CD 31023 334 18 ) ) -RRB- 31023 334 19 , , , 31023 334 20 and and CC 31023 334 21 a a DT 31023 334 22 better well RBR 31023 334 23 specific specific JJ 31023 334 24 fuel fuel NN 31023 334 25 consumption consumption NN 31023 334 26 ( ( -LRB- 31023 334 27 about about RB 31023 334 28 .35 .35 CD 31023 334 29 lb lb JJ 31023 334 30 / / SYM 31023 334 31 hp hp NNP 31023 334 32 / / SYM 31023 334 33 hr hr NNP 31023 334 34 ) ) -RRB- 31023 334 35 . . . 31023 335 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 335 2 21 21 CD 31023 335 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 335 4 Capt capt NN 31023 335 5 . . . 31023 336 1 Woolson Woolson NNP 31023 336 2 designed design VBD 31023 336 3 the the DT 31023 336 4 production production NN 31023 336 5 model model NN 31023 336 6 with with IN 31023 336 7 a a DT 31023 336 8 single single JJ 31023 336 9 large large JJ 31023 336 10 valve valve NN 31023 336 11 for for IN 31023 336 12 each each DT 31023 336 13 cylinder cylinder NN 31023 336 14 . . . 31023 337 1 This this DT 31023 337 2 was be VBD 31023 337 3 done do VBN 31023 337 4 in in IN 31023 337 5 order order NN 31023 337 6 to to TO 31023 337 7 shorten shorten VB 31023 337 8 the the DT 31023 337 9 development development NN 31023 337 10 period period NN 31023 337 11 , , , 31023 337 12 for for IN 31023 337 13 it -PRON- PRP 31023 337 14 is be VBZ 31023 337 15 easier easy JJR 31023 337 16 to to TO 31023 337 17 design design VB 31023 337 18 a a DT 31023 337 19 single single JJ 31023 337 20 valve valve NN 31023 337 21 which which WDT 31023 337 22 serves serve VBZ 31023 337 23 both both CC 31023 337 24 the the DT 31023 337 25 intake intake NN 31023 337 26 and and CC 31023 337 27 exhaust exhaust NN 31023 337 28 functions function NNS 31023 337 29 than than IN 31023 337 30 one one CD 31023 337 31 valve valve NN 31023 337 32 for for IN 31023 337 33 each each DT 31023 337 34 function function NN 31023 337 35 . . . 31023 338 1 Not not RB 31023 338 2 only only RB 31023 338 3 are be VBP 31023 338 4 there there EX 31023 338 5 fewer few JJR 31023 338 6 parts part NNS 31023 338 7 , , , 31023 338 8 but but CC 31023 338 9 more more RBR 31023 338 10 important important JJ 31023 338 11 , , , 31023 338 12 there there EX 31023 338 13 are be VBP 31023 338 14 no no DT 31023 338 15 heat heat NN 31023 338 16 - - HYPH 31023 338 17 dissipating dissipate VBG 31023 338 18 problems problem NNS 31023 338 19 . . . 31023 339 1 Although although IN 31023 339 2 the the DT 31023 339 3 single single JJ 31023 339 4 valve valve NN 31023 339 5 is be VBZ 31023 339 6 heated heat VBN 31023 339 7 when when WRB 31023 339 8 it -PRON- PRP 31023 339 9 releases release VBZ 31023 339 10 the the DT 31023 339 11 exhaust exhaust NN 31023 339 12 gases gas NNS 31023 339 13 , , , 31023 339 14 it -PRON- PRP 31023 339 15 is be VBZ 31023 339 16 immediately immediately RB 31023 339 17 cooled cool VBN 31023 339 18 by by IN 31023 339 19 the the DT 31023 339 20 incoming incoming JJ 31023 339 21 air air NN 31023 339 22 of of IN 31023 339 23 the the DT 31023 339 24 next next JJ 31023 339 25 cycle cycle NN 31023 339 26 . . . 31023 340 1 This this DT 31023 340 2 cooling cool VBG 31023 340 3 advantage advantage NN 31023 340 4 is be VBZ 31023 340 5 not not RB 31023 340 6 shared share VBN 31023 340 7 by by IN 31023 340 8 a a DT 31023 340 9 valve valve NN 31023 340 10 which which WDT 31023 340 11 only only RB 31023 340 12 passes pass VBZ 31023 340 13 exhaust exhaust NN 31023 340 14 gases gas NNS 31023 340 15 . . . 31023 341 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 341 2 22 22 CD 31023 341 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 341 4 Cylinder Cylinder NNP 31023 341 5 Head Head NNP 31023 341 6 : : : 31023 341 7 Ribs Ribs NNP 31023 341 8 were be VBD 31023 341 9 added add VBN 31023 341 10 to to TO 31023 341 11 increase increase VB 31023 341 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 341 13 rigidity rigidity NN 31023 341 14 ( ( -LRB- 31023 341 15 compare compare VB 31023 341 16 fig fig NN 31023 341 17 . . . 31023 342 1 32 32 CD 31023 342 2 with with IN 31023 342 3 fig fig NN 31023 342 4 . . . 31023 343 1 33 33 CD 31023 343 2 ) ) -RRB- 31023 343 3 . . . 31023 344 1 Engine engine NN 31023 344 2 Size size NN 31023 344 3 : : : 31023 344 4 A a DT 31023 344 5 400-hp 400-hp CD 31023 344 6 model model NN 31023 344 7 was be VBD 31023 344 8 developed develop VBN 31023 344 9 in in IN 31023 344 10 1930 1930 CD 31023 344 11 . . . 31023 345 1 It -PRON- PRP 31023 345 2 was be VBD 31023 345 3 not not RB 31023 345 4 put put VBN 31023 345 5 into into IN 31023 345 6 production production NN 31023 345 7 . . . 31023 346 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 346 2 23 23 CD 31023 346 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 346 4 Comments comment NNS 31023 346 5 Comments Comments NNPS 31023 346 6 of of IN 31023 346 7 Aeronautical Aeronautical NNP 31023 346 8 Engineers Engineers NNPS 31023 346 9 : : : 31023 346 10 These these DT 31023 346 11 comments comment NNS 31023 346 12 appeared appear VBD 31023 346 13 in in IN 31023 346 14 _ _ NNP 31023 346 15 Aviation Aviation NNP 31023 346 16 _ _ NNP 31023 346 17 for for IN 31023 346 18 February February NNP 31023 346 19 15 15 CD 31023 346 20 , , , 31023 346 21 1930 1930 CD 31023 346 22 , , , 31023 346 23 just just RB 31023 346 24 a a DT 31023 346 25 month month NN 31023 346 26 before before IN 31023 346 27 the the DT 31023 346 28 Packard Packard NNP 31023 346 29 diesel diesel NN 31023 346 30 received receive VBD 31023 346 31 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 346 32 approved approve VBN 31023 346 33 - - HYPH 31023 346 34 type type NN 31023 346 35 certificate certificate NN 31023 346 36 . . . 31023 347 1 They -PRON- PRP 31023 347 2 were be VBD 31023 347 3 in in IN 31023 347 4 answer answer NN 31023 347 5 to to IN 31023 347 6 the the DT 31023 347 7 question question NN 31023 347 8 , , , 31023 347 9 " " `` 31023 347 10 What what WP 31023 347 11 is be VBZ 31023 347 12 your -PRON- PRP$ 31023 347 13 opinion opinion NN 31023 347 14 of of IN 31023 347 15 the the DT 31023 347 16 probable probable JJ 31023 347 17 early early JJ 31023 347 18 future future NN 31023 347 19 of of IN 31023 347 20 the the DT 31023 347 21 compression compression NN 31023 347 22 ignition ignition NN 31023 347 23 type type NN 31023 347 24 of of IN 31023 347 25 engine engine NN 31023 347 26 in in IN 31023 347 27 aircraft aircraft NN 31023 347 28 powerplants powerplant NNS 31023 347 29 ? ? . 31023 347 30 " " '' 31023 348 1 Most Most JJS 31023 348 2 of of IN 31023 348 3 the the DT 31023 348 4 engineers engineer NNS 31023 348 5 were be VBD 31023 348 6 enthusiastic enthusiastic JJ 31023 348 7 about about IN 31023 348 8 the the DT 31023 348 9 diesel diesel NN 31023 348 10 engine engine NN 31023 348 11 's 's POS 31023 348 12 future future NN 31023 348 13 in in IN 31023 348 14 aviation aviation NN 31023 348 15 ; ; : 31023 348 16 however however RB 31023 348 17 , , , 31023 348 18 neither neither CC 31023 348 19 George George NNP 31023 348 20 J. J. NNP 31023 348 21 Mead Mead NNP 31023 348 22 nor nor CC 31023 348 23 C. C. NNP 31023 348 24 Fayette Fayette NNP 31023 348 25 Taylor Taylor NNP 31023 348 26 shared share VBD 31023 348 27 their -PRON- PRP$ 31023 348 28 colleagues colleague NNS 31023 348 29 ' ' POS 31023 348 30 opinions opinion NNS 31023 348 31 . . . 31023 349 1 Mead Mead NNP 31023 349 2 's 's POS 31023 349 3 prophesy prophesy NN 31023 349 4 was be VBD 31023 349 5 accurate accurate JJ 31023 349 6 except except IN 31023 349 7 for for IN 31023 349 8 his -PRON- PRP$ 31023 349 9 discounting discount VBG 31023 349 10 the the DT 31023 349 11 diesel diesel NN 31023 349 12 's 's POS 31023 349 13 role role NN 31023 349 14 in in IN 31023 349 15 lighter light JJR 31023 349 16 - - HYPH 31023 349 17 than than IN 31023 349 18 - - HYPH 31023 349 19 air air NN 31023 349 20 craft craft NN 31023 349 21 . . . 31023 350 1 Taylor Taylor NNP 31023 350 2 was be VBD 31023 350 3 correct correct JJ 31023 350 4 in in IN 31023 350 5 implying imply VBG 31023 350 6 that that IN 31023 350 7 there there EX 31023 350 8 was be VBD 31023 350 9 a a DT 31023 350 10 future future NN 31023 350 11 for for IN 31023 350 12 the the DT 31023 350 13 diesel diesel NN 31023 350 14 in in IN 31023 350 15 powering power VBG 31023 350 16 airships airship NNS 31023 350 17 . . . 31023 351 1 George George NNP 31023 351 2 J. J. NNP 31023 351 3 Mead Mead NNP 31023 351 4 ( ( -LRB- 31023 351 5 vice vice NN 31023 351 6 president president NN 31023 351 7 and and CC 31023 351 8 technical technical JJ 31023 351 9 director director NN 31023 351 10 , , , 31023 351 11 Pratt Pratt NNP 31023 351 12 & & CC 31023 351 13 Whitney Whitney NNP 31023 351 14 Aircraft Aircraft NNP 31023 351 15 Company Company NNP 31023 351 16 ) ) -RRB- 31023 351 17 : : : 31023 351 18 Compared compare VBN 31023 351 19 with with IN 31023 351 20 the the DT 31023 351 21 present present JJ 31023 351 22 Otto Otto NNP 31023 351 23 cycle cycle NN 31023 351 24 engine engine NN 31023 351 25 , , , 31023 351 26 the the DT 31023 351 27 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 351 28 powerplant powerplant JJ 31023 351 29 weight weight NN 31023 351 30 , , , 31023 351 31 including include VBG 31023 351 32 fuel fuel NN 31023 351 33 for for IN 31023 351 34 a a DT 31023 351 35 long long JJ 31023 351 36 - - HYPH 31023 351 37 distance distance NN 31023 351 38 flight flight NN 31023 351 39 , , , 31023 351 40 would would MD 31023 351 41 apparently apparently RB 31023 351 42 be be VB 31023 351 43 less less JJR 31023 351 44 . . . 31023 352 1 It -PRON- PRP 31023 352 2 is be VBZ 31023 352 3 doubtful doubtful JJ 31023 352 4 whether whether IN 31023 352 5 there there EX 31023 352 6 would would MD 31023 352 7 be be VB 31023 352 8 any any DT 31023 352 9 saving saving NN 31023 352 10 if if IN 31023 352 11 the the DT 31023 352 12 orthodox orthodox JJ 31023 352 13 engine engine NN 31023 352 14 were be VBD 31023 352 15 operated operate VBN 31023 352 16 on on IN 31023 352 17 a a DT 31023 352 18 more more RBR 31023 352 19 suitable suitable JJ 31023 352 20 fuel fuel NN 31023 352 21 . . . 31023 353 1 Inherently inherently RB 31023 353 2 the the DT 31023 353 3 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 353 4 engine engine NN 31023 353 5 must must MD 31023 353 6 stand stand VB 31023 353 7 higher high JJR 31023 353 8 pressures pressure NNS 31023 353 9 and and CC 31023 353 10 therefore therefore RB 31023 353 11 is be VBZ 31023 353 12 heavier heavy JJR 31023 353 13 per per IN 31023 353 14 horsepower horsepower NN 31023 353 15 . . . 31023 354 1 A a DT 31023 354 2 partial partial JJ 31023 354 3 solution solution NN 31023 354 4 of of IN 31023 354 5 this this DT 31023 354 6 difficulty difficulty NN 31023 354 7 is be VBZ 31023 354 8 the the DT 31023 354 9 two two CD 31023 354 10 - - HYPH 31023 354 11 cycle cycle NN 31023 354 12 operation operation NN 31023 354 13 , , , 31023 354 14 which which WDT 31023 354 15 seems seem VBZ 31023 354 16 almost almost RB 31023 354 17 a a DT 31023 354 18 requirement requirement NN 31023 354 19 if if IN 31023 354 20 the the DT 31023 354 21 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 354 22 cycle cycle NN 31023 354 23 is be VBZ 31023 354 24 to to TO 31023 354 25 be be VB 31023 354 26 considered consider VBN 31023 354 27 at at RB 31023 354 28 all all RB 31023 354 29 for for IN 31023 354 30 aircraft aircraft NN 31023 354 31 . . . 31023 355 1 For for IN 31023 355 2 any any DT 31023 355 3 normal normal JJ 31023 355 4 commercial commercial JJ 31023 355 5 operation operation NN 31023 355 6 in in IN 31023 355 7 the the DT 31023 355 8 United United NNP 31023 355 9 States States NNP 31023 355 10 there there EX 31023 355 11 seems seem VBZ 31023 355 12 to to TO 31023 355 13 be be VB 31023 355 14 little little JJ 31023 355 15 or or CC 31023 355 16 no no DT 31023 355 17 improvement improvement NN 31023 355 18 to to TO 31023 355 19 be be VB 31023 355 20 had have VBN 31023 355 21 from from IN 31023 355 22 the the DT 31023 355 23 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 355 24 . . . 31023 356 1 After after RB 31023 356 2 all all RB 31023 356 3 , , , 31023 356 4 it -PRON- PRP 31023 356 5 is be VBZ 31023 356 6 not not RB 31023 356 7 entirely entirely RB 31023 356 8 a a DT 31023 356 9 question question NN 31023 356 10 of of IN 31023 356 11 fuel fuel NN 31023 356 12 cost cost NN 31023 356 13 but but CC 31023 356 14 payloads payload NNS 31023 356 15 carried carry VBN 31023 356 16 for for IN 31023 356 17 a a DT 31023 356 18 given give VBN 31023 356 19 horsepower horsepower NN 31023 356 20 . . . 31023 357 1 It -PRON- PRP 31023 357 2 seemed seem VBD 31023 357 3 at at IN 31023 357 4 one one CD 31023 357 5 time time NN 31023 357 6 as as IN 31023 357 7 though though IN 31023 357 8 the the DT 31023 357 9 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 357 10 was be VBD 31023 357 11 particularly particularly RB 31023 357 12 desirable desirable JJ 31023 357 13 for for IN 31023 357 14 Zeppelin Zeppelin NNP 31023 357 15 work work NN 31023 357 16 . . . 31023 358 1 Now now RB 31023 358 2 that that IN 31023 358 3 blau blau JJ 31023 358 4 gas gas NN 31023 358 5 has have VBZ 31023 358 6 been be VBN 31023 358 7 introduced introduce VBN 31023 358 8 , , , 31023 358 9 which which WDT 31023 358 10 obviates obviate VBZ 31023 358 11 the the DT 31023 358 12 need need NN 31023 358 13 of of IN 31023 358 14 valving valve VBG 31023 358 15 precious precious JJ 31023 358 16 lifting lifting NN 31023 358 17 gas gas NN 31023 358 18 , , , 31023 358 19 the the DT 31023 358 20 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 358 21 cycle cycle NN 31023 358 22 seems seem VBZ 31023 358 23 much much RB 31023 358 24 less less RBR 31023 358 25 interesting interesting JJ 31023 358 26 for for IN 31023 358 27 this this DT 31023 358 28 purpose purpose NN 31023 358 29 . . . 31023 359 1 There there EX 31023 359 2 may may MD 31023 359 3 be be VB 31023 359 4 a a DT 31023 359 5 reduction reduction NN 31023 359 6 in in IN 31023 359 7 fire fire NN 31023 359 8 hazard hazard NN 31023 359 9 and and CC 31023 359 10 radio radio NN 31023 359 11 interference interference NN 31023 359 12 with with IN 31023 359 13 the the DT 31023 359 14 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 359 15 cycle cycle NN 31023 359 16 , , , 31023 359 17 but but CC 31023 359 18 it -PRON- PRP 31023 359 19 is be VBZ 31023 359 20 doubtful doubtful JJ 31023 359 21 whether whether IN 31023 359 22 it -PRON- PRP 31023 359 23 will will MD 31023 359 24 be be VB 31023 359 25 used use VBN 31023 359 26 in in IN 31023 359 27 view view NN 31023 359 28 of of IN 31023 359 29 these these DT 31023 359 30 considerations consideration NNS 31023 359 31 alone alone RB 31023 359 32 . . . 31023 360 1 C. C. NNP 31023 360 2 Fayette Fayette NNP 31023 360 3 Taylor Taylor NNP 31023 360 4 ( ( -LRB- 31023 360 5 professor professor NN 31023 360 6 of of IN 31023 360 7 aeronautical aeronautical JJ 31023 360 8 engineering engineering NN 31023 360 9 , , , 31023 360 10 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP 31023 360 11 Institute Institute NNP 31023 360 12 of of IN 31023 360 13 Technology Technology NNP 31023 360 14 ) ) -RRB- 31023 360 15 : : : 31023 360 16 " " `` 31023 360 17 I -PRON- PRP 31023 360 18 believe believe VBP 31023 360 19 that that IN 31023 360 20 the the DT 31023 360 21 compression compression NN 31023 360 22 ignition ignition NN 31023 360 23 engine engine NN 31023 360 24 will will MD 31023 360 25 continue continue VB 31023 360 26 to to TO 31023 360 27 remain remain VB 31023 360 28 in in IN 31023 360 29 the the DT 31023 360 30 experimental experimental JJ 31023 360 31 stage stage NN 31023 360 32 during during IN 31023 360 33 the the DT 31023 360 34 year year NN 31023 360 35 1930 1930 CD 31023 360 36 . . . 31023 361 1 I -PRON- PRP 31023 361 2 should should MD 31023 361 3 expect expect VB 31023 361 4 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 361 5 first first JJ 31023 361 6 really really RB 31023 361 7 practical practical JJ 31023 361 8 installation installation NN 31023 361 9 to to TO 31023 361 10 be be VB 31023 361 11 in in IN 31023 361 12 lighter light JJR 31023 361 13 - - HYPH 31023 361 14 than than IN 31023 361 15 - - HYPH 31023 361 16 air air NN 31023 361 17 craft craft NN 31023 361 18 . . . 31023 361 19 " " '' 31023 362 1 P. P. NNP 31023 362 2 B. B. NNP 31023 362 3 Taylor Taylor NNP 31023 362 4 ( ( -LRB- 31023 362 5 acting act VBG 31023 362 6 chief chief JJ 31023 362 7 engineer engineer NN 31023 362 8 , , , 31023 362 9 Wright Wright NNP 31023 362 10 Aeronautical Aeronautical NNP 31023 362 11 Corporation Corporation NNP 31023 362 12 ) ) -RRB- 31023 362 13 : : : 31023 362 14 " " `` 31023 362 15 I -PRON- PRP 31023 362 16 believe believe VBP 31023 362 17 the the DT 31023 362 18 compression compression NN 31023 362 19 ignition ignition NN 31023 362 20 engine engine NN 31023 362 21 is be VBZ 31023 362 22 probably probably RB 31023 362 23 the the DT 31023 362 24 type type NN 31023 362 25 which which WDT 31023 362 26 will will MD 31023 362 27 eventually eventually RB 31023 362 28 supersede supersede VB 31023 362 29 the the DT 31023 362 30 present present JJ 31023 362 31 electric electric JJ 31023 362 32 ignition ignition NN 31023 362 33 units unit NNS 31023 362 34 . . . 31023 363 1 This this DT 31023 363 2 development development NN 31023 363 3 will will MD 31023 363 4 come come VB 31023 363 5 slowly slowly RB 31023 363 6 and and CC 31023 363 7 will will MD 31023 363 8 not not RB 31023 363 9 be be VB 31023 363 10 a a DT 31023 363 11 solid solid JJ 31023 363 12 injection injection NN 31023 363 13 engine engine NN 31023 363 14 . . . 31023 363 15 " " '' 31023 364 1 Henry Henry NNP 31023 364 2 M. M. NNP 31023 364 3 Mullinnix Mullinnix NNP 31023 364 4 ( ( -LRB- 31023 364 5 former former JJ 31023 364 6 chief chief NN 31023 364 7 of of IN 31023 364 8 powerplant powerplant JJ 31023 364 9 section section NN 31023 364 10 , , , 31023 364 11 Navy Navy NNP 31023 364 12 Bureau Bureau NNP 31023 364 13 of of IN 31023 364 14 Aeronautics Aeronautics NNP 31023 364 15 ) ) -RRB- 31023 364 16 : : : 31023 364 17 The the DT 31023 364 18 advantages advantage NNS 31023 364 19 of of IN 31023 364 20 compression compression NN 31023 364 21 - - HYPH 31023 364 22 ignition ignition NN 31023 364 23 , , , 31023 364 24 including include VBG 31023 364 25 reduced reduce VBN 31023 364 26 fire fire NN 31023 364 27 hazard hazard NN 31023 364 28 , , , 31023 364 29 more more RBR 31023 364 30 efficient efficient JJ 31023 364 31 cycle cycle NN 31023 364 32 , , , 31023 364 33 elimination elimination NN 31023 364 34 of of IN 31023 364 35 electrical electrical JJ 31023 364 36 apparatus apparatus NN 31023 364 37 and and CC 31023 364 38 hence hence RB 31023 364 39 of of IN 31023 364 40 radio radio NN 31023 364 41 interference interference NN 31023 364 42 , , , 31023 364 43 elimination elimination NN 31023 364 44 of of IN 31023 364 45 carburetion carburetion NN 31023 364 46 problems problem NNS 31023 364 47 , , , 31023 364 48 and and CC 31023 364 49 other other JJ 31023 364 50 benefits benefit NNS 31023 364 51 less less RBR 31023 364 52 evident evident JJ 31023 364 53 , , , 31023 364 54 would would MD 31023 364 55 seem seem VB 31023 364 56 to to TO 31023 364 57 outweigh outweigh VB 31023 364 58 the the DT 31023 364 59 difficulties difficulty NNS 31023 364 60 encountered encounter VBN 31023 364 61 in in IN 31023 364 62 metering metering NN 31023 364 63 and and CC 31023 364 64 injecting inject VBG 31023 364 65 minute minute NN 31023 364 66 quantities quantity NNS 31023 364 67 of of IN 31023 364 68 fuel fuel NN 31023 364 69 at at IN 31023 364 70 the the DT 31023 364 71 proper proper JJ 31023 364 72 instant instant NN 31023 364 73 . . . 31023 365 1 Although although IN 31023 365 2 the the DT 31023 365 3 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 365 4 engine engine NN 31023 365 5 suffers suffer VBZ 31023 365 6 upon upon IN 31023 365 7 comparison comparison NN 31023 365 8 with with IN 31023 365 9 the the DT 31023 365 10 Otto Otto NNP 31023 365 11 cycle cycle NN 31023 365 12 engine engine NN 31023 365 13 in in IN 31023 365 14 flexibility flexibility NN 31023 365 15 there there EX 31023 365 16 seems seem VBZ 31023 365 17 to to TO 31023 365 18 be be VB 31023 365 19 a a DT 31023 365 20 definite definite JJ 31023 365 21 field field NN 31023 365 22 for for IN 31023 365 23 employment employment NN 31023 365 24 of of IN 31023 365 25 Diesels Diesels NNPS 31023 365 26 and and CC 31023 365 27 a a DT 31023 365 28 gradual gradual JJ 31023 365 29 extension extension NN 31023 365 30 of of IN 31023 365 31 their -PRON- PRP$ 31023 365 32 use use NN 31023 365 33 may may MD 31023 365 34 be be VB 31023 365 35 predicted predict VBN 31023 365 36 . . . 31023 366 1 John John NNP 31023 366 2 H. H. NNP 31023 366 3 Geisse Geisse NNP 31023 366 4 ( ( -LRB- 31023 366 5 chief chief JJ 31023 366 6 engineer engineer NN 31023 366 7 , , , 31023 366 8 Comet Comet NNP 31023 366 9 Engine Engine NNP 31023 366 10 Corporation Corporation NNP 31023 366 11 ) ) -RRB- 31023 366 12 : : : 31023 366 13 " " `` 31023 366 14 I -PRON- PRP 31023 366 15 am be VBP 31023 366 16 firmly firmly RB 31023 366 17 convinced convinced JJ 31023 366 18 that that IN 31023 366 19 the the DT 31023 366 20 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 366 21 engine engine NN 31023 366 22 in in IN 31023 366 23 the the DT 31023 366 24 future future NN 31023 366 25 will will MD 31023 366 26 not not RB 31023 366 27 only only RB 31023 366 28 maintain maintain VB 31023 366 29 the the DT 31023 366 30 advantages advantage NNS 31023 366 31 of of IN 31023 366 32 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 366 33 engines engine NNS 31023 366 34 as as IN 31023 366 35 they -PRON- PRP 31023 366 36 are be VBP 31023 366 37 now now RB 31023 366 38 known know VBN 31023 366 39 , , , 31023 366 40 but but CC 31023 366 41 will will MD 31023 366 42 also also RB 31023 366 43 be be VB 31023 366 44 lighter light JJR 31023 366 45 in in IN 31023 366 46 pounds pound NNS 31023 366 47 per per IN 31023 366 48 horsepower horsepower NN 31023 366 49 than than IN 31023 366 50 the the DT 31023 366 51 present present JJ 31023 366 52 Otto Otto NNP 31023 366 53 engines engine NNS 31023 366 54 . . . 31023 366 55 " " '' 31023 367 1 Lt Lt NNP 31023 367 2 . . NNP 31023 367 3 Cdr Cdr NNP 31023 367 4 . . . 31023 368 1 C. C. NNP 31023 368 2 G. G. NNP 31023 368 3 McCord McCord NNP 31023 368 4 ( ( -LRB- 31023 368 5 U.S. U.S. NNP 31023 368 6 Navy Navy NNP 31023 368 7 , , , 31023 368 8 Naval Naval NNP 31023 368 9 Aircraft Aircraft NNP 31023 368 10 Factory Factory NNP 31023 368 11 ) ) -RRB- 31023 368 12 : : : 31023 368 13 " " `` 31023 368 14 The the DT 31023 368 15 use use NN 31023 368 16 of of IN 31023 368 17 compression compression NN 31023 368 18 ignition ignition NN 31023 368 19 in in IN 31023 368 20 due due JJ 31023 368 21 time time NN 31023 368 22 appears appear VBZ 31023 368 23 to to TO 31023 368 24 be be VB 31023 368 25 assured assure VBN 31023 368 26 ; ; : 31023 368 27 but but CC 31023 368 28 increase increase VB 31023 368 29 in in IN 31023 368 30 weights weight NNS 31023 368 31 above above IN 31023 368 32 those those DT 31023 368 33 of of IN 31023 368 34 present present JJ 31023 368 35 Otto Otto NNP 31023 368 36 cycle cycle NN 31023 368 37 engines engine NNS 31023 368 38 , , , 31023 368 39 to to TO 31023 368 40 insure insure VB 31023 368 41 reliability reliability NN 31023 368 42 , , , 31023 368 43 must must MD 31023 368 44 be be VB 31023 368 45 expected expect VBN 31023 368 46 . . . 31023 368 47 " " '' 31023 369 1 L. L. NNP 31023 369 2 M. M. NNP 31023 369 3 Woolson Woolson NNP 31023 369 4 ( ( -LRB- 31023 369 5 aeronautical aeronautical JJ 31023 369 6 engineer engineer NN 31023 369 7 , , , 31023 369 8 Packard Packard NNP 31023 369 9 Motor Motor NNP 31023 369 10 Car Car NNP 31023 369 11 Company Company NNP 31023 369 12 ) ) -RRB- 31023 369 13 : : : 31023 369 14 " " `` 31023 369 15 There there EX 31023 369 16 is be VBZ 31023 369 17 no no DT 31023 369 18 question question NN 31023 369 19 that that IN 31023 369 20 the the DT 31023 369 21 compression compression NN 31023 369 22 ignition ignition NN 31023 369 23 aircraft aircraft NN 31023 369 24 engine engine NN 31023 369 25 will will MD 31023 369 26 in in IN 31023 369 27 time time NN 31023 369 28 offer offer VB 31023 369 29 severe severe JJ 31023 369 30 competition competition NN 31023 369 31 to to IN 31023 369 32 the the DT 31023 369 33 gasoline gasoline NN 31023 369 34 engine engine NN 31023 369 35 . . . 31023 370 1 There there EX 31023 370 2 are be VBP 31023 370 3 , , , 31023 370 4 however however RB 31023 370 5 , , , 31023 370 6 many many JJ 31023 370 7 basic basic JJ 31023 370 8 problems problem NNS 31023 370 9 to to TO 31023 370 10 be be VB 31023 370 11 solved solve VBN 31023 370 12 for for IN 31023 370 13 the the DT 31023 370 14 solution solution NN 31023 370 15 of of IN 31023 370 16 which which WDT 31023 370 17 there there EX 31023 370 18 exists exist VBZ 31023 370 19 no no DT 31023 370 20 precedent precedent NN 31023 370 21 . . . 31023 370 22 " " '' 31023 371 1 N. N. NNP 31023 371 2 N. N. NNP 31023 371 3 Tilley Tilley NNP 31023 371 4 ( ( -LRB- 31023 371 5 chief chief JJ 31023 371 6 engineer engineer NN 31023 371 7 , , , 31023 371 8 Kinner Kinner NNP 31023 371 9 Airplane Airplane NNP 31023 371 10 and and CC 31023 371 11 Motor Motor NNP 31023 371 12 Corp. Corp. NNP 31023 371 13 ) ) -RRB- 31023 371 14 : : : 31023 371 15 Considerable considerable JJ 31023 371 16 development development NN 31023 371 17 of of IN 31023 371 18 the the DT 31023 371 19 compression compression NN 31023 371 20 ignition ignition NN 31023 371 21 type type NN 31023 371 22 of of IN 31023 371 23 engine engine NN 31023 371 24 for for IN 31023 371 25 aircraft aircraft NN 31023 371 26 will will MD 31023 371 27 be be VB 31023 371 28 required require VBN 31023 371 29 before before IN 31023 371 30 it -PRON- PRP 31023 371 31 is be VBZ 31023 371 32 commonly commonly RB 31023 371 33 available available JJ 31023 371 34 . . . 31023 372 1 It -PRON- PRP 31023 372 2 is be VBZ 31023 372 3 believed believe VBN 31023 372 4 that that IN 31023 372 5 the the DT 31023 372 6 weight weight NN 31023 372 7 per per IN 31023 372 8 horsepower horsepower NN 31023 372 9 must must MD 31023 372 10 be be VB 31023 372 11 equal equal JJ 31023 372 12 to to IN 31023 372 13 , , , 31023 372 14 or or CC 31023 372 15 less less JJR 31023 372 16 than than IN 31023 372 17 , , , 31023 372 18 that that DT 31023 372 19 of of IN 31023 372 20 the the DT 31023 372 21 present present JJ 31023 372 22 type type NN 31023 372 23 of of IN 31023 372 24 engines engine NNS 31023 372 25 , , , 31023 372 26 in in IN 31023 372 27 order order NN 31023 372 28 to to TO 31023 372 29 interest interest VB 31023 372 30 the the DT 31023 372 31 public public NN 31023 372 32 , , , 31023 372 33 since since IN 31023 372 34 rapid rapid JJ 31023 372 35 take take NN 31023 372 36 - - HYPH 31023 372 37 off off NN 31023 372 38 , , , 31023 372 39 rate rate NN 31023 372 40 of of IN 31023 372 41 climb climb NN 31023 372 42 , , , 31023 372 43 and and CC 31023 372 44 speed speed NN 31023 372 45 are be VBP 31023 372 46 desired desire VBN 31023 372 47 , , , 31023 372 48 rather rather RB 31023 372 49 than than IN 31023 372 50 low low JJ 31023 372 51 fuel fuel NN 31023 372 52 consumption consumption NN 31023 372 53 or or CC 31023 372 54 high high JJ 31023 372 55 mileage mileage NN 31023 372 56 . . . 31023 373 1 Most Most JJS 31023 373 2 flights flight NNS 31023 373 3 are be VBP 31023 373 4 of of IN 31023 373 5 few few JJ 31023 373 6 hours hour NNS 31023 373 7 duration duration NN 31023 373 8 . . . 31023 374 1 It -PRON- PRP 31023 374 2 is be VBZ 31023 374 3 believed believe VBN 31023 374 4 that that IN 31023 374 5 flights flight NNS 31023 374 6 must must MD 31023 374 7 be be VB 31023 374 8 of of IN 31023 374 9 over over IN 31023 374 10 five five CD 31023 374 11 or or CC 31023 374 12 six six CD 31023 374 13 hours hour NNS 31023 374 14 duration duration NN 31023 374 15 in in IN 31023 374 16 order order NN 31023 374 17 to to TO 31023 374 18 show show VB 31023 374 19 any any DT 31023 374 20 advantage advantage NN 31023 374 21 of of IN 31023 374 22 Diesel diesel NN 31023 374 23 engines engine NNS 31023 374 24 ( ( -LRB- 31023 374 25 with with IN 31023 374 26 low low JJ 31023 374 27 fuel fuel NN 31023 374 28 consumption consumption NN 31023 374 29 ) ) -RRB- 31023 374 30 if if IN 31023 374 31 appreciably appreciably RB 31023 374 32 heavier heavy JJR 31023 374 33 than than IN 31023 374 34 present present JJ 31023 374 35 engines engine NNS 31023 374 36 . . . 31023 375 1 Also also RB 31023 375 2 the the DT 31023 375 3 difference difference NN 31023 375 4 between between IN 31023 375 5 Otto Otto NNP 31023 375 6 cycle cycle NN 31023 375 7 and and CC 31023 375 8 Diesel diesel NN 31023 375 9 becomes become VBZ 31023 375 10 slight slight JJ 31023 375 11 as as IN 31023 375 12 the the DT 31023 375 13 compression compression NN 31023 375 14 ratios ratio NNS 31023 375 15 come come VBP 31023 375 16 closer close RBR 31023 375 17 together together RB 31023 375 18 . . . 31023 376 1 Comments comment NNS 31023 376 2 of of IN 31023 376 3 Flight Flight NNP 31023 376 4 Crews Crews NNPS 31023 376 5 : : : 31023 376 6 The the DT 31023 376 7 preceding precede VBG 31023 376 8 comments comment NNS 31023 376 9 were be VBD 31023 376 10 made make VBN 31023 376 11 by by IN 31023 376 12 engineers engineer NNS 31023 376 13 thinking think VBG 31023 376 14 primarily primarily RB 31023 376 15 of of IN 31023 376 16 the the DT 31023 376 17 commercial commercial JJ 31023 376 18 possibilities possibility NNS 31023 376 19 of of IN 31023 376 20 the the DT 31023 376 21 diesel diesel NN 31023 376 22 . . . 31023 377 1 Following follow VBG 31023 377 2 are be VBP 31023 377 3 comments comment NNS 31023 377 4 by by IN 31023 377 5 flight flight NN 31023 377 6 crewmembers crewmember NNS 31023 377 7 about about IN 31023 377 8 the the DT 31023 377 9 operating operating NN 31023 377 10 characteristics characteristic NNS 31023 377 11 of of IN 31023 377 12 the the DT 31023 377 13 Packard Packard NNP 31023 377 14 diesel diesel NN 31023 377 15 . . . 31023 378 1 The the DT 31023 378 2 former former JJ 31023 378 3 were be VBD 31023 378 4 largely largely RB 31023 378 5 optimistic optimistic JJ 31023 378 6 . . . 31023 379 1 Most Most JJS 31023 379 2 of of IN 31023 379 3 them -PRON- PRP 31023 379 4 were be VBD 31023 379 5 only only RB 31023 379 6 familiar familiar JJ 31023 379 7 with with IN 31023 379 8 the the DT 31023 379 9 aeronautical aeronautical JJ 31023 379 10 diesel diesel NN 31023 379 11 as as IN 31023 379 12 a a DT 31023 379 13 design design NN 31023 379 14 project project NN 31023 379 15 and and CC 31023 379 16 therefore therefore RB 31023 379 17 did do VBD 31023 379 18 not not RB 31023 379 19 have have VB 31023 379 20 the the DT 31023 379 21 practical practical JJ 31023 379 22 experience experience NN 31023 379 23 necessary necessary JJ 31023 379 24 to to TO 31023 379 25 understand understand VB 31023 379 26 all all DT 31023 379 27 of of IN 31023 379 28 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 379 29 limitations limitation NNS 31023 379 30 . . . 31023 380 1 The the DT 31023 380 2 latter latter JJ 31023 380 3 were be VBD 31023 380 4 pessimistic pessimistic JJ 31023 380 5 , , , 31023 380 6 as as IN 31023 380 7 they -PRON- PRP 31023 380 8 knew know VBD 31023 380 9 firsthand firsthand RB 31023 380 10 various various JJ 31023 380 11 shortcomings shortcoming NNS 31023 380 12 of of IN 31023 380 13 the the DT 31023 380 14 engine engine NN 31023 380 15 which which WDT 31023 380 16 only only RB 31023 380 17 became become VBD 31023 380 18 apparent apparent JJ 31023 380 19 when when WRB 31023 380 20 it -PRON- PRP 31023 380 21 was be VBD 31023 380 22 operated operate VBN 31023 380 23 . . . 31023 381 1 Clarence Clarence NNP 31023 381 2 D. D. NNP 31023 381 3 Chamberlin Chamberlin NNP 31023 381 4 , , , 31023 381 5 pioneer pioneer NN 31023 381 6 pilot pilot NN 31023 381 7 : : : 31023 381 8 My -PRON- PRP$ 31023 381 9 only only JJ 31023 381 10 experience experience NN 31023 381 11 with with IN 31023 381 12 the the DT 31023 381 13 Packard Packard NNP 31023 381 14 diesel diesel NN 31023 381 15 was be VBD 31023 381 16 in in IN 31023 381 17 a a DT 31023 381 18 Lockheed Lockheed NNP 31023 381 19 " " `` 31023 381 20 Vega Vega NNP 31023 381 21 " " '' 31023 381 22 which which WDT 31023 381 23 I -PRON- PRP 31023 381 24 owned own VBD 31023 381 25 back back RB 31023 381 26 about about IN 31023 381 27 1932 1932 CD 31023 381 28 . . . 31023 382 1 The the DT 31023 382 2 Wright Wright NNP 31023 382 3 J-5 J-5 NNP 31023 382 4 had have VBD 31023 382 5 been be VBN 31023 382 6 replaced replace VBN 31023 382 7 with with IN 31023 382 8 the the DT 31023 382 9 225 225 CD 31023 382 10 hp hp NNP 31023 382 11 Packard Packard NNP 31023 382 12 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 382 13 . . . 31023 383 1 My -PRON- PRP$ 31023 383 2 main main JJ 31023 383 3 complaint complaint NN 31023 383 4 was be VBD 31023 383 5 the the DT 31023 383 6 excessive excessive JJ 31023 383 7 fumes fume NNS 31023 383 8 . . . 31023 384 1 When when WRB 31023 384 2 I -PRON- PRP 31023 384 3 would would MD 31023 384 4 come come VB 31023 384 5 home home RB 31023 384 6 at at IN 31023 384 7 night night NN 31023 384 8 my -PRON- PRP$ 31023 384 9 wife wife NN 31023 384 10 would would MD 31023 384 11 greet greet VB 31023 384 12 me -PRON- PRP 31023 384 13 with with IN 31023 384 14 , , , 31023 384 15 " " `` 31023 384 16 You -PRON- PRP 31023 384 17 have have VBP 31023 384 18 been be VBN 31023 384 19 flying fly VBG 31023 384 20 that that IN 31023 384 21 oil oil NN 31023 384 22 burner burner NN 31023 384 23 again again RB 31023 384 24 . . . 31023 384 25 " " '' 31023 385 1 It -PRON- PRP 31023 385 2 was be VBD 31023 385 3 so so RB 31023 385 4 bad bad JJ 31023 385 5 that that IN 31023 385 6 passengers passenger NNS 31023 385 7 ' ' POS 31023 385 8 clothing clothing NN 31023 385 9 would would MD 31023 385 10 smell smell VB 31023 385 11 like like IN 31023 385 12 a a DT 31023 385 13 smoky smoky JJ 31023 385 14 oil oil NN 31023 385 15 stove stove NN 31023 385 16 for for IN 31023 385 17 hours hour NNS 31023 385 18 after after IN 31023 385 19 a a DT 31023 385 20 flight flight NN 31023 385 21 . . . 31023 386 1 Looking look VBG 31023 386 2 backward backward RB 31023 386 3 , , , 31023 386 4 it -PRON- PRP 31023 386 5 is be VBZ 31023 386 6 my -PRON- PRP$ 31023 386 7 guess guess NN 31023 386 8 that that IN 31023 386 9 the the DT 31023 386 10 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 386 11 would would MD 31023 386 12 have have VB 31023 386 13 had have VBN 31023 386 14 only only RB 31023 386 15 a a DT 31023 386 16 limited limited JJ 31023 386 17 period period NN 31023 386 18 of of IN 31023 386 19 acceptance acceptance NN 31023 386 20 even even RB 31023 386 21 if if IN 31023 386 22 all all DT 31023 386 23 mistakes mistake NNS 31023 386 24 had have VBD 31023 386 25 been be VBN 31023 386 26 avoided avoid VBN 31023 386 27 . . . 31023 387 1 It -PRON- PRP 31023 387 2 is be VBZ 31023 387 3 easier easy JJR 31023 387 4 and and CC 31023 387 5 cheaper cheap JJR 31023 387 6 to to TO 31023 387 7 get get VB 31023 387 8 performance performance NN 31023 387 9 with with IN 31023 387 10 lighter light JJR 31023 387 11 and and CC 31023 387 12 more more RBR 31023 387 13 powerful powerful JJ 31023 387 14 engines engine NNS 31023 387 15 and and CC 31023 387 16 longer long JJR 31023 387 17 runways runway NNS 31023 387 18 than than IN 31023 387 19 by by IN 31023 387 20 refining refine VBG 31023 387 21 the the DT 31023 387 22 airplane airplane NN 31023 387 23 . . . 31023 388 1 Fuel fuel NN 31023 388 2 economy economy NN 31023 388 3 of of IN 31023 388 4 an an DT 31023 388 5 engine engine NN 31023 388 6 has have VBZ 31023 388 7 ceased cease VBN 31023 388 8 to to TO 31023 388 9 be be VB 31023 388 10 the the DT 31023 388 11 deciding decide VBG 31023 388 12 factor factor NN 31023 388 13 . . . 31023 389 1 Higher high JJR 31023 389 2 utilization utilization NN 31023 389 3 of of IN 31023 389 4 a a DT 31023 389 5 high high JJ 31023 389 6 speed speed NN 31023 389 7 Jet Jet NNP 31023 389 8 at at IN 31023 389 9 least least JJS 31023 389 10 in in IN 31023 389 11 part part NN 31023 389 12 offsets offset VBZ 31023 389 13 the the DT 31023 389 14 inefficient inefficient JJ 31023 389 15 use use NN 31023 389 16 of of IN 31023 389 17 fuel fuel NN 31023 389 18 . . . 31023 390 1 The the DT 31023 390 2 only only JJ 31023 390 3 time time NN 31023 390 4 the the DT 31023 390 5 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 390 6 had have VBD 31023 390 7 a a DT 31023 390 8 chance chance NN 31023 390 9 was be VBD 31023 390 10 from from IN 31023 390 11 the the DT 31023 390 12 middle middle JJ 31023 390 13 20 20 CD 31023 390 14 's 's POS 31023 390 15 perhaps perhaps RB 31023 390 16 on on IN 31023 390 17 thru thru JJ 31023 390 18 WW-2 WW-2 NNP 31023 390 19 for for IN 31023 390 20 certain certain JJ 31023 390 21 things thing NNS 31023 390 22 due due JJ 31023 390 23 to to IN 31023 390 24 gasoline gasoline NN 31023 390 25 shortage shortage NN 31023 390 26 . . . 31023 391 1 To to TO 31023 391 2 sum sum VB 31023 391 3 it -PRON- PRP 31023 391 4 up up RP 31023 391 5 , , , 31023 391 6 the the DT 31023 391 7 thing thing NN 31023 391 8 that that WDT 31023 391 9 licked lick VBD 31023 391 10 them -PRON- PRP 31023 391 11 worst worst RBS 31023 391 12 was be VBD 31023 391 13 the the DT 31023 391 14 use use NN 31023 391 15 of of IN 31023 391 16 a a DT 31023 391 17 single single JJ 31023 391 18 valve valve NN 31023 391 19 for for IN 31023 391 20 inlet inlet NN 31023 391 21 and and CC 31023 391 22 exhaust exhaust NN 31023 391 23 making make VBG 31023 391 24 it -PRON- PRP 31023 391 25 impossible impossible JJ 31023 391 26 to to TO 31023 391 27 collect collect VB 31023 391 28 and and CC 31023 391 29 keep keep VB 31023 391 30 the the DT 31023 391 31 fumes fume NNS 31023 391 32 out out IN 31023 391 33 of of IN 31023 391 34 the the DT 31023 391 35 fuselage fuselage NN 31023 391 36 . . . 31023 392 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 392 2 24 24 CD 31023 392 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 392 4 Ruth Ruth NNP 31023 392 5 Nichols Nichols NNP 31023 392 6 , , , 31023 392 7 prominent prominent JJ 31023 392 8 aviatrix aviatrix NN 31023 392 9 : : : 31023 392 10 I -PRON- PRP 31023 392 11 was be VBD 31023 392 12 flying fly VBG 31023 392 13 Chamberlin Chamberlin NNP 31023 392 14 's 's POS 31023 392 15 diesel diesel NN 31023 392 16 - - HYPH 31023 392 17 powered power VBN 31023 392 18 Lockheed Lockheed NNP 31023 392 19 , , , 31023 392 20 in in IN 31023 392 21 which which WDT 31023 392 22 a a DT 31023 392 23 month month NN 31023 392 24 before before IN 31023 392 25 I -PRON- PRP 31023 392 26 had have VBD 31023 392 27 made make VBN 31023 392 28 an an DT 31023 392 29 official official JJ 31023 392 30 altitude altitude NN 31023 392 31 record record NN 31023 392 32 for for IN 31023 392 33 both both DT 31023 392 34 men man NNS 31023 392 35 and and CC 31023 392 36 women woman NNS 31023 392 37 in in IN 31023 392 38 aircraft aircraft NN 31023 392 39 powered power VBN 31023 392 40 by by IN 31023 392 41 an an DT 31023 392 42 engine engine NN 31023 392 43 of of IN 31023 392 44 that that DT 31023 392 45 type type NN 31023 392 46 . . . 31023 393 1 The the DT 31023 393 2 record record NN 31023 393 3 , , , 31023 393 4 I -PRON- PRP 31023 393 5 believe believe VBP 31023 393 6 , , , 31023 393 7 still still RB 31023 393 8 holds hold VBZ 31023 393 9 . . . 31023 394 1 It -PRON- PRP 31023 394 2 was be VBD 31023 394 3 a a DT 31023 394 4 rugged rugged JJ 31023 394 5 , , , 31023 394 6 dependable dependable JJ 31023 394 7 plane plane NN 31023 394 8 whose whose WP$ 31023 394 9 experimental experimental JJ 31023 394 10 oil oil NN 31023 394 11 - - HYPH 31023 394 12 burning burn VBG 31023 394 13 engine engine NN 31023 394 14 nevertheless nevertheless RB 31023 394 15 had have VBD 31023 394 16 a a DT 31023 394 17 number number NN 31023 394 18 of of IN 31023 394 19 bugs bug NNS 31023 394 20 . . . 31023 395 1 For for IN 31023 395 2 one one CD 31023 395 3 thing thing NN 31023 395 4 , , , 31023 395 5 it -PRON- PRP 31023 395 6 was be VBD 31023 395 7 constantly constantly RB 31023 395 8 blowing blow VBG 31023 395 9 out out RP 31023 395 10 glow glow NN 31023 395 11 - - HYPH 31023 395 12 plugs plug NNS 31023 395 13 used use VBN 31023 395 14 for for IN 31023 395 15 warming warm VBG 31023 395 16 the the DT 31023 395 17 fuel fuel NN 31023 395 18 mixture mixture NN 31023 395 19 , , , 31023 395 20 and and CC 31023 395 21 when when WRB 31023 395 22 that that DT 31023 395 23 happened happen VBD 31023 395 24 long long JJ 31023 395 25 white white JJ 31023 395 26 plumes plume NNS 31023 395 27 of of IN 31023 395 28 smoke smoke NN 31023 395 29 would would MD 31023 395 30 stream stream VB 31023 395 31 out out RP 31023 395 32 , , , 31023 395 33 giving give VBG 31023 395 34 spectators spectator NNS 31023 395 35 the the DT 31023 395 36 impression impression NN 31023 395 37 that that IN 31023 395 38 the the DT 31023 395 39 ship ship NN 31023 395 40 was be VBD 31023 395 41 on on IN 31023 395 42 fire fire NN 31023 395 43 . . . 31023 396 1 For for IN 31023 396 2 another another DT 31023 396 3 , , , 31023 396 4 the the DT 31023 396 5 vibration vibration NN 31023 396 6 was be VBD 31023 396 7 so so RB 31023 396 8 bad bad JJ 31023 396 9 that that IN 31023 396 10 out out IN 31023 396 11 of of IN 31023 396 12 10 10 CD 31023 396 13 standard standard JJ 31023 396 14 instruments instrument NNS 31023 396 15 on on IN 31023 396 16 the the DT 31023 396 17 plane plane NN 31023 396 18 , , , 31023 396 19 7 7 CD 31023 396 20 were be VBD 31023 396 21 broken break VBN 31023 396 22 from from IN 31023 396 23 the the DT 31023 396 24 jarring jarring NN 31023 396 25 before before IN 31023 396 26 my -PRON- PRP$ 31023 396 27 return return NN 31023 396 28 . . . 31023 397 1 The the DT 31023 397 2 diesel diesel NN 31023 397 3 fuel fuel NN 31023 397 4 also also RB 31023 397 5 produced produce VBD 31023 397 6 a a DT 31023 397 7 strong strong JJ 31023 397 8 odor odor NN 31023 397 9 in in IN 31023 397 10 the the DT 31023 397 11 cockpit cockpit NN 31023 397 12 , , , 31023 397 13 the the DT 31023 397 14 fumes fume NNS 31023 397 15 so so RB 31023 397 16 permeating permeate VBG 31023 397 17 my -PRON- PRP$ 31023 397 18 luggage luggage NN 31023 397 19 and and CC 31023 397 20 clothes clothe NNS 31023 397 21 that that WDT 31023 397 22 my -PRON- PRP$ 31023 397 23 public public JJ 31023 397 24 appearances appearance NNS 31023 397 25 during during IN 31023 397 26 the the DT 31023 397 27 tour tour NN 31023 397 28 always always RB 31023 397 29 were be VBD 31023 397 30 highly highly RB 31023 397 31 and and CC 31023 397 32 not not RB 31023 397 33 very very RB 31023 397 34 agreeably agreeably RB 31023 397 35 aromatic aromatic JJ 31023 397 36 . . . 31023 398 1 Having have VBG 31023 398 2 a a DT 31023 398 3 strong strong JJ 31023 398 4 stomach stomach NN 31023 398 5 , , , 31023 398 6 I -PRON- PRP 31023 398 7 soon soon RB 31023 398 8 became become VBD 31023 398 9 accustomed accustomed JJ 31023 398 10 to to IN 31023 398 11 the the DT 31023 398 12 fumes fume NNS 31023 398 13 , , , 31023 398 14 but but CC 31023 398 15 another another DT 31023 398 16 pilot pilot NN 31023 398 17 who who WP 31023 398 18 ferried ferry VBD 31023 398 19 the the DT 31023 398 20 plane plane NN 31023 398 21 between between IN 31023 398 22 cities city NNS 31023 398 23 for for IN 31023 398 24 me -PRON- PRP 31023 398 25 on on IN 31023 398 26 one one CD 31023 398 27 occasion occasion NN 31023 398 28 ... ... : 31023 398 29 was be VBD 31023 398 30 almost almost RB 31023 398 31 overcome overcome VBN 31023 398 32 . . . 31023 399 1 On on IN 31023 399 2 arrival arrival NN 31023 399 3 he -PRON- PRP 31023 399 4 said say VBD 31023 399 5 , , , 31023 399 6 " " `` 31023 399 7 I -PRON- PRP 31023 399 8 would would MD 31023 399 9 n't not RB 31023 399 10 fly fly VB 31023 399 11 that that IN 31023 399 12 oil oil NN 31023 399 13 burner burner NN 31023 399 14 another another DT 31023 399 15 mile mile NN 31023 399 16 . . . 31023 400 1 " " `` 31023 400 2 [ [ -LRB- 31023 400 3 25 25 CD 31023 400 4 ] ] -RRB- 31023 400 5 [ [ -LRB- 31023 400 6 Illustration illustration NN 31023 400 7 : : : 31023 400 8 Figure figure NN 31023 400 9 35.--Ford 35.--ford CD 31023 400 10 11-AT-1 11-AT-1 VBZ 31023 400 11 Trimotor Trimotor NNP 31023 400 12 , , , 31023 400 13 1930 1930 CD 31023 400 14 , , , 31023 400 15 with with IN 31023 400 16 3 3 CD 31023 400 17 Packard Packard NNP 31023 400 18 225-hp 225-hp CD 31023 400 19 DR-980 DR-980 NNP 31023 400 20 diesel diesel NN 31023 400 21 engines engine NNS 31023 400 22 , , , 31023 400 23 right right JJ 31023 400 24 side side JJ 31023 400 25 view view NN 31023 400 26 of of IN 31023 400 27 right right JJ 31023 400 28 engine engine NN 31023 400 29 nacelle nacelle NN 31023 400 30 . . . 31023 401 1 ( ( -LRB- 31023 401 2 Smithsonian smithsonian JJ 31023 401 3 photo photo NN 31023 401 4 A48311 A48311 NNP 31023 401 5 . . . 31023 401 6 ) ) -RRB- 31023 401 7 ] ] -RRB- 31023 402 1 Richard Richard NNP 31023 402 2 Totten,[26 Totten,[26 NNP 31023 402 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 402 4 airplane airplane NN 31023 402 5 mechanic mechanic NN 31023 402 6 : : : 31023 402 7 The the DT 31023 402 8 Ford Ford NNP 31023 402 9 Trimotor Trimotor NNP 31023 402 10 was be VBD 31023 402 11 the the DT 31023 402 12 poorest poor JJS 31023 402 13 of of IN 31023 402 14 the the DT 31023 402 15 lot lot NN 31023 402 16 . . . 31023 403 1 It -PRON- PRP 31023 403 2 was be VBD 31023 403 3 inherently inherently RB 31023 403 4 noisy noisy JJ 31023 403 5 and and CC 31023 403 6 slow slow JJ 31023 403 7 , , , 31023 403 8 and and CC 31023 403 9 with with IN 31023 403 10 the the DT 31023 403 11 Packards Packards NNPS 31023 403 12 installed instal VBD 31023 403 13 it -PRON- PRP 31023 403 14 was be VBD 31023 403 15 on on IN 31023 403 16 the the DT 31023 403 17 point point NN 31023 403 18 of of IN 31023 403 19 being be VBG 31023 403 20 underpowered underpowere VBN 31023 403 21 . . . 31023 404 1 It -PRON- PRP 31023 404 2 was be VBD 31023 404 3 almost almost RB 31023 404 4 impossible impossible JJ 31023 404 5 to to TO 31023 404 6 synchronize synchronize VB 31023 404 7 the the DT 31023 404 8 three three CD 31023 404 9 engines engine NNS 31023 404 10 , , , 31023 404 11 and and CC 31023 404 12 the the DT 31023 404 13 beat beat NN 31023 404 14 was be VBD 31023 404 15 almost almost RB 31023 404 16 unbearable unbearable JJ 31023 404 17 . . . 31023 405 1 It -PRON- PRP 31023 405 2 was be VBD 31023 405 3 not not RB 31023 405 4 flown fly VBN 31023 405 5 much much JJ 31023 405 6 but but CC 31023 405 7 it -PRON- PRP 31023 405 8 made make VBD 31023 405 9 a a DT 31023 405 10 fine fine JJ 31023 405 11 conversation conversation NN 31023 405 12 piece piece NN 31023 405 13 standing stand VBG 31023 405 14 on on IN 31023 405 15 the the DT 31023 405 16 airport airport NN 31023 405 17 apron apron NN 31023 405 18 .... .... . 31023 406 1 The the DT 31023 406 2 Waco Waco NNP 31023 406 3 taperwing taperwing NN 31023 406 4 developed develop VBD 31023 406 5 the the DT 31023 406 6 unnerving unnerving JJ 31023 406 7 habit habit NN 31023 406 8 of of IN 31023 406 9 breaking break VBG 31023 406 10 flying flying NN 31023 406 11 and and CC 31023 406 12 landing land VBG 31023 406 13 wires wire NNS 31023 406 14 from from IN 31023 406 15 the the DT 31023 406 16 vibration vibration NN 31023 406 17 , , , 31023 406 18 and and CC 31023 406 19 most most JJS 31023 406 20 of of IN 31023 406 21 the the DT 31023 406 22 time time NN 31023 406 23 sat sit VBD 31023 406 24 on on IN 31023 406 25 the the DT 31023 406 26 hangar hangar NN 31023 406 27 floor floor NN 31023 406 28 with with IN 31023 406 29 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 406 30 wings wing NNS 31023 406 31 drooping droop VBG 31023 406 32 like like IN 31023 406 33 a a DT 31023 406 34 sick sick JJ 31023 406 35 pigeon pigeon NN 31023 406 36 . . . 31023 407 1 In in IN 31023 407 2 flight flight NN 31023 407 3 the the DT 31023 407 4 open open JJ 31023 407 5 cockpit cockpit NN 31023 407 6 filled fill VBN 31023 407 7 with with IN 31023 407 8 exhaust exhaust NN 31023 407 9 smoke smoke NN 31023 407 10 and and CC 31023 407 11 unburned unburned JJ 31023 407 12 fuel fuel NN 31023 407 13 and and CC 31023 407 14 the the DT 31023 407 15 pilot pilot NN 31023 407 16 would would MD 31023 407 17 land land VB 31023 407 18 after after IN 31023 407 19 an an DT 31023 407 20 hour hour NN 31023 407 21 's 's POS 31023 407 22 flight flight NN 31023 407 23 looking look VBG 31023 407 24 like like IN 31023 407 25 an an DT 31023 407 26 Indianapolis Indianapolis NNP 31023 407 27 500 500 CD 31023 407 28 Mile Mile NNP 31023 407 29 Race race NN 31023 407 30 driver driver NN 31023 407 31 .... .... . 31023 408 1 The the DT 31023 408 2 Stinson Stinson NNP 31023 408 3 " " `` 31023 408 4 Detroiter Detroiter NNP 31023 408 5 , , , 31023 408 6 " " '' 31023 408 7 the the DT 31023 408 8 Bellanca Bellanca NNP 31023 408 9 " " `` 31023 408 10 Pacemaker Pacemaker NNP 31023 408 11 " " '' 31023 408 12 and and CC 31023 408 13 the the DT 31023 408 14 Buhl Buhl NNP 31023 408 15 - - HYPH 31023 408 16 Verville Verville NNP 31023 408 17 " " `` 31023 408 18 Airsedan Airsedan NNP 31023 408 19 " " '' 31023 408 20 were be VBD 31023 408 21 the the DT 31023 408 22 most most RBS 31023 408 23 successful successful JJ 31023 408 24 ships ship NNS 31023 408 25 and and CC 31023 408 26 were be VBD 31023 408 27 the the DT 31023 408 28 most most RBS 31023 408 29 used used JJ 31023 408 30 . . . 31023 409 1 The the DT 31023 409 2 " " `` 31023 409 3 Airsedan Airsedan NNP 31023 409 4 , , , 31023 409 5 " " '' 31023 409 6 in in IN 31023 409 7 which which WDT 31023 409 8 Woolson Woolson NNP 31023 409 9 was be VBD 31023 409 10 killed kill VBN 31023 409 11 , , , 31023 409 12 was be VBD 31023 409 13 his -PRON- PRP$ 31023 409 14 favorite favorite JJ 31023 409 15 ship ship NN 31023 409 16 , , , 31023 409 17 and and CC 31023 409 18 the the DT 31023 409 19 one one NN 31023 409 20 I -PRON- PRP 31023 409 21 believe believe VBP 31023 409 22 that that DT 31023 409 23 was be VBD 31023 409 24 the the DT 31023 409 25 most most RBS 31023 409 26 flown fly VBN 31023 409 27 . . . 31023 410 1 The the DT 31023 410 2 Towle Towle NNP 31023 410 3 TA-3 TA-3 NNP 31023 410 4 amphibian amphibian NNP 31023 410 5 flew fly VBD 31023 410 6 beautifully beautifully RB 31023 410 7 , , , 31023 410 8 but but CC 31023 410 9 not not RB 31023 410 10 for for IN 31023 410 11 long long RB 31023 410 12 . . . 31023 411 1 It -PRON- PRP 31023 411 2 never never RB 31023 411 3 got get VBD 31023 411 4 a a DT 31023 411 5 chance chance NN 31023 411 6 to to TO 31023 411 7 do do VB 31023 411 8 much much RB 31023 411 9 as as IN 31023 411 10 it -PRON- PRP 31023 411 11 was be VBD 31023 411 12 a a DT 31023 411 13 victim victim NN 31023 411 14 of of IN 31023 411 15 the the DT 31023 411 16 depression depression NN 31023 411 17 . . . 31023 412 1 The the DT 31023 412 2 Towle Towle NNP 31023 412 3 was be VBD 31023 412 4 powered power VBN 31023 412 5 by by IN 31023 412 6 2 2 CD 31023 412 7 Packard packard NN 31023 412 8 diesels diesel NNS 31023 412 9 on on IN 31023 412 10 loan loan NN 31023 412 11 from from IN 31023 412 12 the the DT 31023 412 13 Packard Packard NNP 31023 412 14 Motor Motor NNP 31023 412 15 Car Car NNP 31023 412 16 Company Company NNP 31023 412 17 . . . 31023 413 1 It -PRON- PRP 31023 413 2 was be VBD 31023 413 3 built build VBN 31023 413 4 of of IN 31023 413 5 corrugated corrugate VBN 31023 413 6 aluminum aluminum NN 31023 413 7 exactly exactly RB 31023 413 8 like like IN 31023 413 9 the the DT 31023 413 10 Ford Ford NNP 31023 413 11 Trimotor Trimotor NNP 31023 413 12 . . . 31023 414 1 As as IN 31023 414 2 a a DT 31023 414 3 matter matter NN 31023 414 4 of of IN 31023 414 5 fact fact NN 31023 414 6 , , , 31023 414 7 Towle Towle NNP 31023 414 8 had have VBD 31023 414 9 been be VBN 31023 414 10 employed employ VBN 31023 414 11 by by IN 31023 414 12 Ford Ford NNP 31023 414 13 until until IN 31023 414 14 Ford Ford NNP 31023 414 15 cancelled cancel VBD 31023 414 16 airplane airplane NN 31023 414 17 building building NN 31023 414 18 . . . 31023 415 1 Towle Towle NNP 31023 415 2 got get VBD 31023 415 3 his -PRON- PRP$ 31023 415 4 airplane airplane NN 31023 415 5 built build VBN 31023 415 6 at at IN 31023 415 7 the the DT 31023 415 8 hangar hangar NN 31023 415 9 on on IN 31023 415 10 Grosse Grosse NNP 31023 415 11 Isle Isle NNP 31023 415 12 in in IN 31023 415 13 Detroit Detroit NNP 31023 415 14 , , , 31023 415 15 and and CC 31023 415 16 ran run VBD 31023 415 17 out out IN 31023 415 18 of of IN 31023 415 19 money money NN 31023 415 20 during during IN 31023 415 21 the the DT 31023 415 22 flight flight NN 31023 415 23 testing testing NN 31023 415 24 program program NN 31023 415 25 . . . 31023 416 1 He -PRON- PRP 31023 416 2 now now RB 31023 416 3 looked look VBD 31023 416 4 for for IN 31023 416 5 money money NN 31023 416 6 to to TO 31023 416 7 continue continue VB 31023 416 8 with with IN 31023 416 9 and and CC 31023 416 10 found find VBD 31023 416 11 a a DT 31023 416 12 backer backer NN 31023 416 13 in in IN 31023 416 14 the the DT 31023 416 15 person person NN 31023 416 16 of of IN 31023 416 17 one one CD 31023 416 18 Doctor Doctor NNP 31023 416 19 Adams Adams NNP 31023 416 20 , , , 31023 416 21 a a DT 31023 416 22 widely widely RB 31023 416 23 advertised advertise VBN 31023 416 24 " " `` 31023 416 25 Painless Painless NNP 31023 416 26 Dentist dentist NN 31023 416 27 " " '' 31023 416 28 of of IN 31023 416 29 Detroit Detroit NNP 31023 416 30 . . . 31023 417 1 Adams Adams NNP 31023 417 2 wanted want VBD 31023 417 3 a a DT 31023 417 4 quicker quick JJR 31023 417 5 return return NN 31023 417 6 on on IN 31023 417 7 his -PRON- PRP$ 31023 417 8 money money NN 31023 417 9 than than IN 31023 417 10 the the DT 31023 417 11 average average JJ 31023 417 12 backer backer NN 31023 417 13 and and CC 31023 417 14 he -PRON- PRP 31023 417 15 insisted insist VBD 31023 417 16 that that IN 31023 417 17 Towle Towle NNP 31023 417 18 put put VBD 31023 417 19 the the DT 31023 417 20 airplane airplane NN 31023 417 21 in in IN 31023 417 22 service service NN 31023 417 23 so so IN 31023 417 24 it -PRON- PRP 31023 417 25 could could MD 31023 417 26 start start VB 31023 417 27 earning earn VBG 31023 417 28 some some DT 31023 417 29 money money NN 31023 417 30 . . . 31023 418 1 At at IN 31023 418 2 this this DT 31023 418 3 time time NN 31023 418 4 the the DT 31023 418 5 amphibian amphibian NN 31023 418 6 was be VBD 31023 418 7 beginning begin VBG 31023 418 8 to to TO 31023 418 9 become become VB 31023 418 10 popular popular JJ 31023 418 11 for for IN 31023 418 12 intercity intercity NN 31023 418 13 flying flying NN 31023 418 14 , , , 31023 418 15 especially especially RB 31023 418 16 around around IN 31023 418 17 the the DT 31023 418 18 Great Great NNP 31023 418 19 Lakes Lakes NNP 31023 418 20 region region NN 31023 418 21 as as IN 31023 418 22 all all DT 31023 418 23 of of IN 31023 418 24 the the DT 31023 418 25 major major JJ 31023 418 26 cities city NNS 31023 418 27 were be VBD 31023 418 28 located locate VBN 31023 418 29 on on IN 31023 418 30 the the DT 31023 418 31 waterfront waterfront NN 31023 418 32 . . . 31023 419 1 What what WP 31023 419 2 was be VBD 31023 419 3 more more RBR 31023 419 4 natural natural JJ 31023 419 5 than than IN 31023 419 6 an an DT 31023 419 7 airline airline NN 31023 419 8 flying fly VBG 31023 419 9 passengers passenger NNS 31023 419 10 right right RB 31023 419 11 into into IN 31023 419 12 the the DT 31023 419 13 downtown downtown NN 31023 419 14 area area NN 31023 419 15 of of IN 31023 419 16 a a DT 31023 419 17 city city NN 31023 419 18 ? ? . 31023 420 1 Thompson Thompson NNP 31023 420 2 was be VBD 31023 420 3 doing do VBG 31023 420 4 it -PRON- PRP 31023 420 5 between between IN 31023 420 6 Detroit Detroit NNP 31023 420 7 and and CC 31023 420 8 Cleveland Cleveland NNP 31023 420 9 , , , 31023 420 10 Marquette Marquette NNP 31023 420 11 was be VBD 31023 420 12 doing do VBG 31023 420 13 it -PRON- PRP 31023 420 14 between between IN 31023 420 15 Detroit Detroit NNP 31023 420 16 and and CC 31023 420 17 Milwaukee Milwaukee NNP 31023 420 18 , , , 31023 420 19 so so RB 31023 420 20 Adams Adams NNP 31023 420 21 applied apply VBD 31023 420 22 for for IN 31023 420 23 permission permission NN 31023 420 24 to to TO 31023 420 25 operate operate VB 31023 420 26 an an DT 31023 420 27 airplane airplane NN 31023 420 28 between between IN 31023 420 29 Detroit Detroit NNP 31023 420 30 and and CC 31023 420 31 Cleveland Cleveland NNP 31023 420 32 and and CC 31023 420 33 other other JJ 31023 420 34 cities city NNS 31023 420 35 on on IN 31023 420 36 the the DT 31023 420 37 lakes lake NNS 31023 420 38 . . . 31023 421 1 In in IN 31023 421 2 those those DT 31023 421 3 days day NNS 31023 421 4 it -PRON- PRP 31023 421 5 was be VBD 31023 421 6 necessary necessary JJ 31023 421 7 to to TO 31023 421 8 prove prove VB 31023 421 9 an an DT 31023 421 10 airplane airplane NN 31023 421 11 's 's POS 31023 421 12 reliability reliability NN 31023 421 13 by by IN 31023 421 14 flying fly VBG 31023 421 15 a a DT 31023 421 16 certain certain JJ 31023 421 17 number number NN 31023 421 18 of of IN 31023 421 19 trips trip NNS 31023 421 20 over over IN 31023 421 21 the the DT 31023 421 22 proposed propose VBN 31023 421 23 route route NN 31023 421 24 with with IN 31023 421 25 a a DT 31023 421 26 simulated simulated JJ 31023 421 27 payload payload NN 31023 421 28 . . . 31023 422 1 This this DT 31023 422 2 payload payload NN 31023 422 3 was be VBD 31023 422 4 supposed suppose VBN 31023 422 5 to to TO 31023 422 6 consist consist VB 31023 422 7 of of IN 31023 422 8 sand sand NN 31023 422 9 bags bag NNS 31023 422 10 , , , 31023 422 11 but but CC 31023 422 12 usually usually RB 31023 422 13 consisted consist VBD 31023 422 14 of of IN 31023 422 15 any any DT 31023 422 16 mechanic mechanic JJ 31023 422 17 or or CC 31023 422 18 pilot pilot NN 31023 422 19 who who WP 31023 422 20 happened happen VBD 31023 422 21 to to TO 31023 422 22 be be VB 31023 422 23 loose loose JJ 31023 422 24 at at IN 31023 422 25 the the DT 31023 422 26 moment moment NN 31023 422 27 , , , 31023 422 28 and and CC 31023 422 29 who who WP 31023 422 30 had have VBD 31023 422 31 nerve nerve NN 31023 422 32 enough enough JJ 31023 422 33 to to TO 31023 422 34 go go VB 31023 422 35 along along RP 31023 422 36 . . . 31023 423 1 Mechanics mechanic NNS 31023 423 2 were be VBD 31023 423 3 easier easy JJR 31023 423 4 to to TO 31023 423 5 load load VB 31023 423 6 and and CC 31023 423 7 unload unload VB 31023 423 8 than than IN 31023 423 9 sand sand NN 31023 423 10 bags bag NNS 31023 423 11 . . . 31023 424 1 The the DT 31023 424 2 Towle Towle NNP 31023 424 3 was be VBD 31023 424 4 in in IN 31023 424 5 the the DT 31023 424 6 middle middle NN 31023 424 7 of of IN 31023 424 8 the the DT 31023 424 9 qualification qualification NN 31023 424 10 flights flight NNS 31023 424 11 , , , 31023 424 12 and and CC 31023 424 13 the the DT 31023 424 14 publicity publicity NN 31023 424 15 began begin VBD 31023 424 16 to to TO 31023 424 17 appear appear VB 31023 424 18 about about IN 31023 424 19 the the DT 31023 424 20 new new JJ 31023 424 21 airline airline NN 31023 424 22 . . . 31023 425 1 Much much JJ 31023 425 2 newsprint newsprint NN 31023 425 3 was be VBD 31023 425 4 devoted devoted JJ 31023 425 5 to to IN 31023 425 6 the the DT 31023 425 7 fact fact NN 31023 425 8 that that IN 31023 425 9 the the DT 31023 425 10 Towle Towle NNP 31023 425 11 was be VBD 31023 425 12 powered power VBN 31023 425 13 by by IN 31023 425 14 the the DT 31023 425 15 new new JJ 31023 425 16 Packard Packard NNP 31023 425 17 diesel diesel NN 31023 425 18 engine engine NN 31023 425 19 , , , 31023 425 20 and and CC 31023 425 21 this this DT 31023 425 22 , , , 31023 425 23 of of IN 31023 425 24 course course NN 31023 425 25 , , , 31023 425 26 made make VBD 31023 425 27 it -PRON- PRP 31023 425 28 the the DT 31023 425 29 only only JJ 31023 425 30 safe safe JJ 31023 425 31 airline airline NN 31023 425 32 since since IN 31023 425 33 all all DT 31023 425 34 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 425 35 competitors competitor NNS 31023 425 36 were be VBD 31023 425 37 using use VBG 31023 425 38 the the DT 31023 425 39 old old JJ 31023 425 40 - - HYPH 31023 425 41 fashioned fashioned JJ 31023 425 42 dangerous dangerous JJ 31023 425 43 gasoline gasoline NN 31023 425 44 . . . 31023 426 1 On on IN 31023 426 2 the the DT 31023 426 3 last last JJ 31023 426 4 payload payload NN 31023 426 5 trip trip NN 31023 426 6 of of IN 31023 426 7 the the DT 31023 426 8 Towle Towle NNP 31023 426 9 the the DT 31023 426 10 pilot pilot NN 31023 426 11 asked ask VBD 31023 426 12 me -PRON- PRP 31023 426 13 if if IN 31023 426 14 I -PRON- PRP 31023 426 15 wanted want VBD 31023 426 16 to to TO 31023 426 17 go go VB 31023 426 18 along along RP 31023 426 19 , , , 31023 426 20 and and CC 31023 426 21 of of IN 31023 426 22 course course NN 31023 426 23 I -PRON- PRP 31023 426 24 was be VBD 31023 426 25 delighted delighted JJ 31023 426 26 . . . 31023 427 1 I -PRON- PRP 31023 427 2 neglected neglect VBD 31023 427 3 to to TO 31023 427 4 mention mention VB 31023 427 5 that that IN 31023 427 6 I -PRON- PRP 31023 427 7 had have VBD 31023 427 8 been be VBN 31023 427 9 hired hire VBN 31023 427 10 by by IN 31023 427 11 the the DT 31023 427 12 Adams Adams NNP 31023 427 13 airline airline NN 31023 427 14 as as IN 31023 427 15 a a DT 31023 427 16 mechanic mechanic JJ 31023 427 17 because because IN 31023 427 18 of of IN 31023 427 19 my -PRON- PRP$ 31023 427 20 experience experience NN 31023 427 21 in in IN 31023 427 22 repairing repair VBG 31023 427 23 the the DT 31023 427 24 corrugated corrugate VBN 31023 427 25 skin skin NN 31023 427 26 of of IN 31023 427 27 the the DT 31023 427 28 Ford Ford NNP 31023 427 29 Trimotor Trimotor NNP 31023 427 30 owned own VBN 31023 427 31 by by IN 31023 427 32 my -PRON- PRP$ 31023 427 33 employer employer NN 31023 427 34 , , , 31023 427 35 the the DT 31023 427 36 Knowles Knowles NNP 31023 427 37 Flying Flying NNP 31023 427 38 Service Service NNP 31023 427 39 . . . 31023 428 1 The the DT 31023 428 2 mere mere JJ 31023 428 3 fact fact NN 31023 428 4 that that IN 31023 428 5 I -PRON- PRP 31023 428 6 did do VBD 31023 428 7 many many JJ 31023 428 8 repairs repair NNS 31023 428 9 to to IN 31023 428 10 the the DT 31023 428 11 airframe airframe NN 31023 428 12 did do VBD 31023 428 13 not not RB 31023 428 14 preclude preclude VB 31023 428 15 me -PRON- PRP 31023 428 16 from from IN 31023 428 17 getting get VBG 31023 428 18 my -PRON- PRP$ 31023 428 19 share share NN 31023 428 20 of of IN 31023 428 21 the the DT 31023 428 22 engine engine NN 31023 428 23 work work NN 31023 428 24 too too RB 31023 428 25 , , , 31023 428 26 and and CC 31023 428 27 since since IN 31023 428 28 I -PRON- PRP 31023 428 29 was be VBD 31023 428 30 already already RB 31023 428 31 familiar familiar JJ 31023 428 32 with with IN 31023 428 33 the the DT 31023 428 34 Packard packard NN 31023 428 35 diesel diesel NN 31023 428 36 , , , 31023 428 37 I -PRON- PRP 31023 428 38 was be VBD 31023 428 39 quickly quickly RB 31023 428 40 hired hire VBN 31023 428 41 by by IN 31023 428 42 Dr. Dr. NNP 31023 428 43 Adams Adams NNP 31023 428 44 . . . 31023 429 1 The the DT 31023 429 2 last last JJ 31023 429 3 flight flight NN 31023 429 4 was be VBD 31023 429 5 indeed indeed RB 31023 429 6 the the DT 31023 429 7 last last JJ 31023 429 8 flight flight NN 31023 429 9 . . . 31023 430 1 We -PRON- PRP 31023 430 2 took take VBD 31023 430 3 off off RP 31023 430 4 from from IN 31023 430 5 the the DT 31023 430 6 Detroit Detroit NNP 31023 430 7 City City NNP 31023 430 8 Airport Airport NNP 31023 430 9 and and CC 31023 430 10 when when WRB 31023 430 11 we -PRON- PRP 31023 430 12 crossed cross VBD 31023 430 13 the the DT 31023 430 14 Detroit Detroit NNP 31023 430 15 river river NN 31023 430 16 the the DT 31023 430 17 pilot pilot NN 31023 430 18 decided decide VBD 31023 430 19 to to TO 31023 430 20 land land VB 31023 430 21 at at IN 31023 430 22 the the DT 31023 430 23 Solvay Solvay NNP 31023 430 24 Coal Coal NNP 31023 430 25 Company Company NNP 31023 430 26 docks dock VBZ 31023 430 27 and and CC 31023 430 28 fuel fuel VB 31023 430 29 up up RP 31023 430 30 for for IN 31023 430 31 the the DT 31023 430 32 opening opening NN 31023 430 33 of of IN 31023 430 34 the the DT 31023 430 35 airline airline NN 31023 430 36 the the DT 31023 430 37 next next JJ 31023 430 38 day day NN 31023 430 39 . . . 31023 431 1 The the DT 31023 431 2 Solvay Solvay NNP 31023 431 3 Coal Coal NNP 31023 431 4 Company Company NNP 31023 431 5 was be VBD 31023 431 6 the the DT 31023 431 7 only only JJ 31023 431 8 place place NN 31023 431 9 in in IN 31023 431 10 Detroit Detroit NNP 31023 431 11 where where WRB 31023 431 12 diesel diesel NN 31023 431 13 fuel fuel NN 31023 431 14 was be VBD 31023 431 15 obtainable obtainable JJ 31023 431 16 at at IN 31023 431 17 the the DT 31023 431 18 time time NN 31023 431 19 and and CC 31023 431 20 all all DT 31023 431 21 of of IN 31023 431 22 the the DT 31023 431 23 diesel diesel NN 31023 431 24 powered power VBN 31023 431 25 yachts yacht NNS 31023 431 26 got get VBD 31023 431 27 fuel fuel NN 31023 431 28 there there RB 31023 431 29 . . . 31023 432 1 The the DT 31023 432 2 pilot pilot NN 31023 432 3 was be VBD 31023 432 4 not not RB 31023 432 5 too too RB 31023 432 6 experienced experienced JJ 31023 432 7 in in IN 31023 432 8 the the DT 31023 432 9 operation operation NN 31023 432 10 of of IN 31023 432 11 amphibians amphibian NNS 31023 432 12 , , , 31023 432 13 and and CC 31023 432 14 he -PRON- PRP 31023 432 15 put put VBD 31023 432 16 the the DT 31023 432 17 wheels wheel NNS 31023 432 18 down down RP 31023 432 19 as as IN 31023 432 20 we -PRON- PRP 31023 432 21 approached approach VBD 31023 432 22 the the DT 31023 432 23 river river NN 31023 432 24 . . . 31023 433 1 When when WRB 31023 433 2 we -PRON- PRP 31023 433 3 hit hit VBD 31023 433 4 the the DT 31023 433 5 water water NN 31023 433 6 the the DT 31023 433 7 airplane airplane NN 31023 433 8 went go VBD 31023 433 9 over over RP 31023 433 10 on on IN 31023 433 11 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 433 12 back back NN 31023 433 13 and and CC 31023 433 14 sunk sink VBN 31023 433 15 to to IN 31023 433 16 the the DT 31023 433 17 bottom bottom NN 31023 433 18 . . . 31023 434 1 It -PRON- PRP 31023 434 2 came come VBD 31023 434 3 up up RP 31023 434 4 to to IN 31023 434 5 the the DT 31023 434 6 surface surface NN 31023 434 7 again again RB 31023 434 8 , , , 31023 434 9 and and CC 31023 434 10 we -PRON- PRP 31023 434 11 all all DT 31023 434 12 climbed climb VBD 31023 434 13 out out RP 31023 434 14 onto onto IN 31023 434 15 the the DT 31023 434 16 keel keel NN 31023 434 17 , , , 31023 434 18 and and CC 31023 434 19 waited wait VBD 31023 434 20 for for IN 31023 434 21 rescue rescue NN 31023 434 22 . . . 31023 435 1 A a DT 31023 435 2 police police NN 31023 435 3 boat boat NN 31023 435 4 came come VBD 31023 435 5 over over RP 31023 435 6 and and CC 31023 435 7 took take VBD 31023 435 8 us -PRON- PRP 31023 435 9 to to IN 31023 435 10 the the DT 31023 435 11 dock dock NN 31023 435 12 . . . 31023 436 1 The the DT 31023 436 2 police police NNS 31023 436 3 sent send VBD 31023 436 4 us -PRON- PRP 31023 436 5 to to IN 31023 436 6 the the DT 31023 436 7 hospital hospital NN 31023 436 8 and and CC 31023 436 9 then then RB 31023 436 10 went go VBD 31023 436 11 back back RB 31023 436 12 and and CC 31023 436 13 towed tow VBD 31023 436 14 the the DT 31023 436 15 airplane airplane NN 31023 436 16 over over RP 31023 436 17 to to IN 31023 436 18 the the DT 31023 436 19 shipyard shipyard NN 31023 436 20 next next JJ 31023 436 21 door door NN 31023 436 22 to to IN 31023 436 23 Solvay Solvay NNP 31023 436 24 . . . 31023 437 1 While while IN 31023 437 2 we -PRON- PRP 31023 437 3 were be VBD 31023 437 4 at at IN 31023 437 5 the the DT 31023 437 6 hospital hospital NN 31023 437 7 , , , 31023 437 8 the the DT 31023 437 9 crane crane NN 31023 437 10 man man NN 31023 437 11 hooked hook VBD 31023 437 12 onto onto IN 31023 437 13 the the DT 31023 437 14 Towle Towle NNP 31023 437 15 and and CC 31023 437 16 lifted lift VBD 31023 437 17 it -PRON- PRP 31023 437 18 out out IN 31023 437 19 of of IN 31023 437 20 the the DT 31023 437 21 water water NN 31023 437 22 and and CC 31023 437 23 gently gently RB 31023 437 24 set set VBD 31023 437 25 it -PRON- PRP 31023 437 26 down down RP 31023 437 27 on on IN 31023 437 28 the the DT 31023 437 29 dock dock NN 31023 437 30 . . . 31023 438 1 He -PRON- PRP 31023 438 2 was be VBD 31023 438 3 only only RB 31023 438 4 trying try VBG 31023 438 5 to to TO 31023 438 6 help help VB 31023 438 7 , , , 31023 438 8 but but CC 31023 438 9 he -PRON- PRP 31023 438 10 inadvertently inadvertently RB 31023 438 11 set set VBD 31023 438 12 it -PRON- PRP 31023 438 13 down down RP 31023 438 14 on on IN 31023 438 15 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 438 16 back back NN 31023 438 17 instead instead RB 31023 438 18 of of IN 31023 438 19 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 438 20 wheels wheel NNS 31023 438 21 . . . 31023 439 1 That that DT 31023 439 2 was be VBD 31023 439 3 the the DT 31023 439 4 end end NN 31023 439 5 of of IN 31023 439 6 the the DT 31023 439 7 Adams Adams NNP 31023 439 8 airline airline NN 31023 439 9 . . . 31023 440 1 The the DT 31023 440 2 Packard Packard NNP 31023 440 3 Company Company NNP 31023 440 4 took take VBD 31023 440 5 back back RB 31023 440 6 their -PRON- PRP$ 31023 440 7 engines engine NNS 31023 440 8 . . . 31023 441 1 I -PRON- PRP 31023 441 2 helped help VBD 31023 441 3 remove remove VB 31023 441 4 them -PRON- PRP 31023 441 5 the the DT 31023 441 6 next next JJ 31023 441 7 day day NN 31023 441 8 . . . 31023 442 1 We -PRON- PRP 31023 442 2 dismantled dismantle VBD 31023 442 3 the the DT 31023 442 4 airplane airplane NN 31023 442 5 and and CC 31023 442 6 trucked truck VBD 31023 442 7 it -PRON- PRP 31023 442 8 back back RB 31023 442 9 to to IN 31023 442 10 the the DT 31023 442 11 airport airport NN 31023 442 12 where where WRB 31023 442 13 it -PRON- PRP 31023 442 14 sat sit VBD 31023 442 15 in in IN 31023 442 16 a a DT 31023 442 17 state state NN 31023 442 18 of of IN 31023 442 19 neglect neglect NN 31023 442 20 for for IN 31023 442 21 some some DT 31023 442 22 time time NN 31023 442 23 . . . 31023 443 1 The the DT 31023 443 2 pilot pilot NN 31023 443 3 was be VBD 31023 443 4 fired fire VBN 31023 443 5 , , , 31023 443 6 I -PRON- PRP 31023 443 7 lost lose VBD 31023 443 8 my -PRON- PRP$ 31023 443 9 job job NN 31023 443 10 , , , 31023 443 11 and and CC 31023 443 12 Towle Towle NNP 31023 443 13 lost lose VBD 31023 443 14 his -PRON- PRP$ 31023 443 15 airplane airplane NN 31023 443 16 . . . 31023 444 1 Analysis analysis NN 31023 444 2 Advantages advantage NNS 31023 444 3 A a DT 31023 444 4 Packard packard NN 31023 444 5 diesel diesel NN 31023 444 6 advertisement advertisement NN 31023 444 7 which which WDT 31023 444 8 appeared appear VBD 31023 444 9 in in IN 31023 444 10 _ _ NNP 31023 444 11 Aero Aero NNP 31023 444 12 Digest Digest NNP 31023 444 13 _ _ NNP 31023 444 14 for for IN 31023 444 15 June June NNP 31023 444 16 1930 1930 CD 31023 444 17 stated state VBD 31023 444 18 that that IN 31023 444 19 this this DT 31023 444 20 engine engine NN 31023 444 21 had have VBD 31023 444 22 three three CD 31023 444 23 major major JJ 31023 444 24 advantages advantage NNS 31023 444 25 over over IN 31023 444 26 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 444 27 gasoline gasoline NN 31023 444 28 rivals rival NNS 31023 444 29 : : : 31023 444 30 Greater great JJR 31023 444 31 reliability reliability NN 31023 444 32 because because IN 31023 444 33 of of IN 31023 444 34 extreme extreme JJ 31023 444 35 simplicity simplicity NN 31023 444 36 of of IN 31023 444 37 design design NN 31023 444 38 ; ; : 31023 444 39 greater great JJR 31023 444 40 economy economy NN 31023 444 41 because because IN 31023 444 42 of of IN 31023 444 43 lower low JJR 31023 444 44 fuel fuel NN 31023 444 45 cost cost NN 31023 444 46 plus plus CC 31023 444 47 lower low JJR 31023 444 48 fuel fuel NN 31023 444 49 consumption consumption NN 31023 444 50 , , , 31023 444 51 permitting permit VBG 31023 444 52 greater great JJR 31023 444 53 payloads payload NNS 31023 444 54 with with IN 31023 444 55 longer long JJR 31023 444 56 range range NN 31023 444 57 of of IN 31023 444 58 flight flight NN 31023 444 59 ; ; : 31023 444 60 and and CC 31023 444 61 greater great JJR 31023 444 62 safety safety NN 31023 444 63 because because IN 31023 444 64 of of IN 31023 444 65 removal removal NN 31023 444 66 of of IN 31023 444 67 the the DT 31023 444 68 fire fire NN 31023 444 69 hazard hazard NN 31023 444 70 through through IN 31023 444 71 the the DT 31023 444 72 use use NN 31023 444 73 of of IN 31023 444 74 fire fire NN 31023 444 75 - - HYPH 31023 444 76 safe safe JJ 31023 444 77 fuel fuel NN 31023 444 78 and and CC 31023 444 79 absence absence NN 31023 444 80 of of IN 31023 444 81 electrical electrical JJ 31023 444 82 ignition ignition NN 31023 444 83 equipment equipment NN 31023 444 84 . . . 31023 445 1 These these DT 31023 445 2 were be VBD 31023 445 3 the the DT 31023 445 4 engine engine NN 31023 445 5 's 's POS 31023 445 6 principal principal JJ 31023 445 7 advantages advantage NNS 31023 445 8 . . . 31023 446 1 Others other NNS 31023 446 2 are be VBP 31023 446 3 analyzed analyze VBN 31023 446 4 here here RB 31023 446 5 by by IN 31023 446 6 the the DT 31023 446 7 author author NN 31023 446 8 in in IN 31023 446 9 order order NN 31023 446 10 of of IN 31023 446 11 their -PRON- PRP$ 31023 446 12 importance importance NN 31023 446 13 . . . 31023 447 1 At at IN 31023 447 2 low low JJ 31023 447 3 altitudes altitude NNS 31023 447 4 the the DT 31023 447 5 diesel diesel NN 31023 447 6 uses use VBZ 31023 447 7 an an DT 31023 447 8 excess excess NN 31023 447 9 of of IN 31023 447 10 air air NN 31023 447 11 to to TO 31023 447 12 eliminate eliminate VB 31023 447 13 a a DT 31023 447 14 smoking smoking NN 31023 447 15 exhaust exhaust NN 31023 447 16 ; ; : 31023 447 17 consequently consequently RB 31023 447 18 at at IN 31023 447 19 high high JJ 31023 447 20 altitudes altitude NNS 31023 447 21 , , , 31023 447 22 where where WRB 31023 447 23 the the DT 31023 447 24 air air NN 31023 447 25 is be VBZ 31023 447 26 less less RBR 31023 447 27 dense dense JJ 31023 447 28 , , , 31023 447 29 the the DT 31023 447 30 diesel diesel NN 31023 447 31 is be VBZ 31023 447 32 still still RB 31023 447 33 able able JJ 31023 447 34 to to TO 31023 447 35 maintain maintain VB 31023 447 36 much much JJ 31023 447 37 of of IN 31023 447 38 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 447 39 power power NN 31023 447 40 . . . 31023 448 1 In in IN 31023 448 2 contrast contrast NN 31023 448 3 , , , 31023 448 4 the the DT 31023 448 5 carburetored carburetore VBN 31023 448 6 gasoline gasoline NN 31023 448 7 engine engine NN 31023 448 8 is be VBZ 31023 448 9 sensitive sensitive JJ 31023 448 10 to to IN 31023 448 11 the the DT 31023 448 12 fuel fuel NN 31023 448 13 - - HYPH 31023 448 14 air air NN 31023 448 15 ratio ratio NN 31023 448 16 and and CC 31023 448 17 thus thus RB 31023 448 18 has have VBZ 31023 448 19 no no DT 31023 448 20 surplus surplus JJ 31023 448 21 air air NN 31023 448 22 available available JJ 31023 448 23 at at IN 31023 448 24 higher high JJR 31023 448 25 altitudes altitude NNS 31023 448 26 . . . 31023 449 1 A a DT 31023 449 2 malfunctioning malfunction VBG 31023 449 3 carburetor carburetor NN 31023 449 4 could could MD 31023 449 5 cause cause VB 31023 449 6 a a DT 31023 449 7 gasoline gasoline NN 31023 449 8 engine engine NN 31023 449 9 to to TO 31023 449 10 cease cease VB 31023 449 11 operating operating NN 31023 449 12 , , , 31023 449 13 but but CC 31023 449 14 an an DT 31023 449 15 inoperative inoperative JJ 31023 449 16 fuel fuel NN 31023 449 17 injector injector NN 31023 449 18 would would MD 31023 449 19 cause cause VB 31023 449 20 the the DT 31023 449 21 Packard Packard NNP 31023 449 22 diesel diesel NN 31023 449 23 to to TO 31023 449 24 lose lose VB 31023 449 25 one one CD 31023 449 26 ninth ninth NN 31023 449 27 of of IN 31023 449 28 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 449 29 power power NN 31023 449 30 , , , 31023 449 31 since since IN 31023 449 32 each each DT 31023 449 33 cylinder cylinder NN 31023 449 34 had have VBD 31023 449 35 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 449 36 own own JJ 31023 449 37 independently independently RB 31023 449 38 operating operate VBG 31023 449 39 injector injector NN 31023 449 40 . . . 31023 450 1 In in IN 31023 450 2 practice practice NN 31023 450 3 , , , 31023 450 4 however however RB 31023 450 5 , , , 31023 450 6 because because IN 31023 450 7 of of IN 31023 450 8 the the DT 31023 450 9 excessive excessive JJ 31023 450 10 vibration vibration NN 31023 450 11 , , , 31023 450 12 the the DT 31023 450 13 engine engine NN 31023 450 14 was be VBD 31023 450 15 generally generally RB 31023 450 16 shut shut VBN 31023 450 17 off off RP 31023 450 18 immediately immediately RB 31023 450 19 after after IN 31023 450 20 a a DT 31023 450 21 cylinder cylinder NN 31023 450 22 cut cut VBD 31023 450 23 out out RP 31023 450 24 . . . 31023 451 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 451 2 27 27 CD 31023 451 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 451 4 Shielding shielding NN 31023 451 5 was be VBD 31023 451 6 unnecessary unnecessary JJ 31023 451 7 because because IN 31023 451 8 the the DT 31023 451 9 diesel diesel NN 31023 451 10 had have VBD 31023 451 11 no no DT 31023 451 12 electrical electrical JJ 31023 451 13 ignition ignition NN 31023 451 14 system system NN 31023 451 15 . . . 31023 452 1 Carburetor carburetor NN 31023 452 2 icing icing NN 31023 452 3 was be VBD 31023 452 4 an an DT 31023 452 5 impossibility impossibility NN 31023 452 6 because because IN 31023 452 7 there there EX 31023 452 8 was be VBD 31023 452 9 no no DT 31023 452 10 carburetor carburetor NN 31023 452 11 . . . 31023 453 1 Any any DT 31023 453 2 excess excess JJ 31023 453 3 lubricating lubricating NN 31023 453 4 oil oil NN 31023 453 5 in in IN 31023 453 6 a a DT 31023 453 7 diesel diesel NN 31023 453 8 engine engine NN 31023 453 9 's 's POS 31023 453 10 cylinder cylinder NN 31023 453 11 is be VBZ 31023 453 12 consumed consume VBN 31023 453 13 cleanly cleanly RB 31023 453 14 to to TO 31023 453 15 produce produce VB 31023 453 16 power power NN 31023 453 17 . . . 31023 454 1 By by IN 31023 454 2 contrast contrast NN 31023 454 3 , , , 31023 454 4 such such JJ 31023 454 5 oil oil NN 31023 454 6 in in IN 31023 454 7 a a DT 31023 454 8 gasoline gasoline NN 31023 454 9 engine engine NN 31023 454 10 's 's POS 31023 454 11 cylinder cylinder NN 31023 454 12 is be VBZ 31023 454 13 only only RB 31023 454 14 partly partly RB 31023 454 15 burned burn VBN 31023 454 16 . . . 31023 455 1 As as IN 31023 455 2 a a DT 31023 455 3 result result NN 31023 455 4 carbon carbon NN 31023 455 5 deposits deposit NNS 31023 455 6 form form VBP 31023 455 7 that that WDT 31023 455 8 eventually eventually RB 31023 455 9 cause cause VBP 31023 455 10 malfunctioning malfunctioning NN 31023 455 11 of of IN 31023 455 12 the the DT 31023 455 13 spark spark NN 31023 455 14 plugs plug NNS 31023 455 15 , , , 31023 455 16 valves valve NNS 31023 455 17 , , , 31023 455 18 and and CC 31023 455 19 combustion combustion NN 31023 455 20 chambers chamber NNS 31023 455 21 . . . 31023 456 1 This this DT 31023 456 2 advantage advantage NN 31023 456 3 accrued accrue VBN 31023 456 4 to to IN 31023 456 5 the the DT 31023 456 6 diesel diesel NN 31023 456 7 because because IN 31023 456 8 it -PRON- PRP 31023 456 9 utilized utilize VBD 31023 456 10 an an DT 31023 456 11 excess excess NN 31023 456 12 of of IN 31023 456 13 air air NN 31023 456 14 , , , 31023 456 15 and and CC 31023 456 16 in in IN 31023 456 17 addition addition NN 31023 456 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 456 19 cylinder cylinder NN 31023 456 20 walls wall NNS 31023 456 21 were be VBD 31023 456 22 hotter hot JJR 31023 456 23 . . . 31023 457 1 The the DT 31023 457 2 engine engine NN 31023 457 3 was be VBD 31023 457 4 very very RB 31023 457 5 clean clean JJ 31023 457 6 - - HYPH 31023 457 7 running running JJ 31023 457 8 from from IN 31023 457 9 the the DT 31023 457 10 standpoint standpoint NN 31023 457 11 of of IN 31023 457 12 oil oil NN 31023 457 13 leakage leakage NN 31023 457 14 . . . 31023 458 1 This this DT 31023 458 2 was be VBD 31023 458 3 a a DT 31023 458 4 safety safety NN 31023 458 5 factor factor NN 31023 458 6 since since IN 31023 458 7 it -PRON- PRP 31023 458 8 eliminated eliminate VBD 31023 458 9 the the DT 31023 458 10 possibility possibility NN 31023 458 11 of of IN 31023 458 12 a a DT 31023 458 13 fire fire NN 31023 458 14 starting start VBG 31023 458 15 on on IN 31023 458 16 the the DT 31023 458 17 outside outside JJ 31023 458 18 surfaces surface NNS 31023 458 19 of of IN 31023 458 20 the the DT 31023 458 21 engine engine NN 31023 458 22 , , , 31023 458 23 and and CC 31023 458 24 in in IN 31023 458 25 addition addition NN 31023 458 26 it -PRON- PRP 31023 458 27 saved save VBD 31023 458 28 the the DT 31023 458 29 time time NN 31023 458 30 and and CC 31023 458 31 money money NN 31023 458 32 that that WDT 31023 458 33 was be VBD 31023 458 34 normally normally RB 31023 458 35 spent spend VBN 31023 458 36 cleaning cleaning NN 31023 458 37 engines engine NNS 31023 458 38 . . . 31023 459 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 459 2 28 28 CD 31023 459 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 459 4 Since since IN 31023 459 5 the the DT 31023 459 6 diesel diesel NN 31023 459 7 utilized utilize VBD 31023 459 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 459 9 heat heat NN 31023 459 10 of of IN 31023 459 11 combustion combustion NN 31023 459 12 more more RBR 31023 459 13 efficiently efficiently RB 31023 459 14 than than IN 31023 459 15 the the DT 31023 459 16 gasoline gasoline NN 31023 459 17 engine engine NN 31023 459 18 , , , 31023 459 19 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 459 20 cooling cool VBG 31023 459 21 fin fin NN 31023 459 22 area area NN 31023 459 23 could could MD 31023 459 24 be be VB 31023 459 25 reduced reduce VBN 31023 459 26 by by IN 31023 459 27 35 35 CD 31023 459 28 percent percent NN 31023 459 29 . . . 31023 460 1 This this DT 31023 460 2 permitted permit VBD 31023 460 3 better well RBR 31023 460 4 streamlining streamlining NN 31023 460 5 . . . 31023 461 1 Having have VBG 31023 461 2 less less RBR 31023 461 3 cooling cool VBG 31023 461 4 fin fin NN 31023 461 5 area area NN 31023 461 6 , , , 31023 461 7 it -PRON- PRP 31023 461 8 warmed warm VBD 31023 461 9 up up RP 31023 461 10 more more RBR 31023 461 11 rapidly rapidly RB 31023 461 12 than than IN 31023 461 13 a a DT 31023 461 14 gasoline gasoline NN 31023 461 15 engine engine NN 31023 461 16 . . . 31023 462 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 462 2 Illustration illustration NN 31023 462 3 : : : 31023 462 4 The the DT 31023 462 5 PACKARD packard JJ 31023 462 6 - - HYPH 31023 462 7 DIESEL diesel JJ 31023 462 8 AIRCRAFT AIRCRAFT NNP 31023 462 9 ENGINE ENGINE NNP 31023 462 10 Fire Fire NNP 31023 462 11 - - HYPH 31023 462 12 Safe Safe NNP 31023 462 13 Fuel Fuel NNP 31023 462 14 _ _ NNP 31023 462 15 Furnaces Furnaces NNPS 31023 462 16 in in IN 31023 462 17 many many PDT 31023 462 18 a a DT 31023 462 19 home home NN 31023 462 20 burn burn NN 31023 462 21 similar similar JJ 31023 462 22 oil oil NN 31023 462 23 _ _ NNP 31023 462 24 _ _ NNP 31023 462 25 A a DT 31023 462 26 lighted light VBN 31023 462 27 match match NN 31023 462 28 can can MD 31023 462 29 not not RB 31023 462 30 ignite ignite VB 31023 462 31 or or CC 31023 462 32 explode explode VB 31023 462 33 it -PRON- PRP 31023 462 34 _ _ NNP 31023 462 35 _ _ NNP 31023 462 36 Saturated saturate VBN 31023 462 37 cloth cloth NN 31023 462 38 can can MD 31023 462 39 burn burn VB 31023 462 40 only only RB 31023 462 41 like like IN 31023 462 42 a a DT 31023 462 43 wick wick NN 31023 462 44 _ _ NNP 31023 462 45 _ _ NNP 31023 462 46 And and CC 31023 462 47 the the DT 31023 462 48 oil oil NN 31023 462 49 itself -PRON- PRP 31023 462 50 will will MD 31023 462 51 quench quench VB 31023 462 52 this this DT 31023 462 53 fire fire NN 31023 462 54 _ _ NNP 31023 462 55 _ _ NNP 31023 462 56 But but CC 31023 462 57 only only RB 31023 462 58 when when WRB 31023 462 59 property property NN 31023 462 60 atomized atomize VBD 31023 462 61 the the DT 31023 462 62 spray spray NN 31023 462 63 may may MD 31023 462 64 be be VB 31023 462 65 ignited ignite VBN 31023 462 66 _ _ NNP 31023 462 67 Graphic Graphic NNP 31023 462 68 Proof Proof NNP 31023 462 69 of of IN 31023 462 70 fuel fuel NN 31023 462 71 safety safety NN 31023 462 72 in in IN 31023 462 73 the the DT 31023 462 74 Packard Packard NNP 31023 462 75 - - HYPH 31023 462 76 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 462 77 Aircraft Aircraft NNP 31023 462 78 Engine Engine NNP 31023 462 79 Figure Figure NNP 31023 462 80 36.--Advertisement 36.--advertisement CD 31023 462 81 emphasizing emphasize VBG 31023 462 82 the the DT 31023 462 83 advantages advantage NNS 31023 462 84 of of IN 31023 462 85 fire fire NN 31023 462 86 - - HYPH 31023 462 87 safe safe JJ 31023 462 88 fuel fuel NN 31023 462 89 . . . 31023 463 1 ( ( -LRB- 31023 463 2 Smithsonian smithsonian JJ 31023 463 3 photo photo NN 31023 463 4 A48848 A48848 NNP 31023 463 5 . . . 31023 463 6 ) ) -RRB- 31023 463 7 ] ] -RRB- 31023 464 1 Due due IN 31023 464 2 to to IN 31023 464 3 the the DT 31023 464 4 greater great JJR 31023 464 5 simplicity simplicity NN 31023 464 6 , , , 31023 464 7 it -PRON- PRP 31023 464 8 was be VBD 31023 464 9 more more RBR 31023 464 10 practical practical JJ 31023 464 11 to to TO 31023 464 12 build build VB 31023 464 13 a a DT 31023 464 14 large large JJ 31023 464 15 diesel diesel NN 31023 464 16 than than IN 31023 464 17 a a DT 31023 464 18 large large JJ 31023 464 19 gasoline gasoline NN 31023 464 20 engine engine NN 31023 464 21 . . . 31023 465 1 Large large JJ 31023 465 2 airplanes airplane NNS 31023 465 3 would would MD 31023 465 4 therefore therefore RB 31023 465 5 need need VB 31023 465 6 fewer few JJR 31023 465 7 engines engine NNS 31023 465 8 if if IN 31023 465 9 diesel diesel NN 31023 465 10 powered power VBD 31023 465 11 . . . 31023 466 1 Smaller small JJR 31023 466 2 fuel fuel NN 31023 466 3 tanks tank NNS 31023 466 4 could could MD 31023 466 5 be be VB 31023 466 6 used use VBN 31023 466 7 because because IN 31023 466 8 of of IN 31023 466 9 the the DT 31023 466 10 greater great JJR 31023 466 11 fuel fuel NN 31023 466 12 economy economy NN 31023 466 13 of of IN 31023 466 14 the the DT 31023 466 15 diesel diesel NN 31023 466 16 , , , 31023 466 17 and and CC 31023 466 18 also also RB 31023 466 19 because because IN 31023 466 20 of of IN 31023 466 21 the the DT 31023 466 22 high high JJ 31023 466 23 specific specific JJ 31023 466 24 gravity gravity NN 31023 466 25 of of IN 31023 466 26 fuel fuel NN 31023 466 27 oil oil NN 31023 466 28 as as IN 31023 466 29 compared compare VBN 31023 466 30 to to IN 31023 466 31 gasoline gasoline NN 31023 466 32 . . . 31023 467 1 Furthermore furthermore RB 31023 467 2 , , , 31023 467 3 these these DT 31023 467 4 smaller small JJR 31023 467 5 tanks tank NNS 31023 467 6 could could MD 31023 467 7 be be VB 31023 467 8 placed place VBN 31023 467 9 in in IN 31023 467 10 more more RBR 31023 467 11 convenient convenient JJ 31023 467 12 locations location NNS 31023 467 13 . . . 31023 468 1 Not not RB 31023 468 2 having have VBG 31023 468 3 a a DT 31023 468 4 carburetor carburetor NN 31023 468 5 the the DT 31023 468 6 engine engine NN 31023 468 7 could could MD 31023 468 8 not not RB 31023 468 9 backfire backfire VB 31023 468 10 , , , 31023 468 11 further further RB 31023 468 12 reducing reduce VBG 31023 468 13 the the DT 31023 468 14 fire fire NN 31023 468 15 hazard hazard NN 31023 468 16 . . . 31023 469 1 The the DT 31023 469 2 exhaust exhaust JJ 31023 469 3 note note NN 31023 469 4 was be VBD 31023 469 5 lower low JJR 31023 469 6 because because IN 31023 469 7 of of IN 31023 469 8 the the DT 31023 469 9 diesel diesel NN 31023 469 10 's 's POS 31023 469 11 higher high JJR 31023 469 12 expansion expansion NN 31023 469 13 ratio ratio NN 31023 469 14 . . . 31023 470 1 The the DT 31023 470 2 absence absence NN 31023 470 3 of of IN 31023 470 4 an an DT 31023 470 5 ignition ignition NN 31023 470 6 system system NN 31023 470 7 permitted permit VBD 31023 470 8 the the DT 31023 470 9 diesel diesel NN 31023 470 10 to to TO 31023 470 11 operate operate VB 31023 470 12 in in IN 31023 470 13 the the DT 31023 470 14 heaviest heavy JJS 31023 470 15 types type NNS 31023 470 16 of of IN 31023 470 17 precipitation precipitation NN 31023 470 18 . . . 31023 471 1 Such such JJ 31023 471 2 conditions condition NNS 31023 471 3 might may MD 31023 471 4 cause cause VB 31023 471 5 the the DT 31023 471 6 ignition ignition NN 31023 471 7 system system NN 31023 471 8 of of IN 31023 471 9 a a DT 31023 471 10 gasoline gasoline NN 31023 471 11 engine engine NN 31023 471 12 to to IN 31023 471 13 malfunction malfunction NN 31023 471 14 . . . 31023 472 1 The the DT 31023 472 2 Packard Packard NNP 31023 472 3 diesel diesel NN 31023 472 4 was be VBD 31023 472 5 flown fly VBN 31023 472 6 at at IN 31023 472 7 times time NNS 31023 472 8 without without IN 31023 472 9 exhaust exhaust NN 31023 472 10 stacks stack NNS 31023 472 11 or or CC 31023 472 12 manifolds manifold NNS 31023 472 13 ; ; : 31023 472 14 this this DT 31023 472 15 was be VBD 31023 472 16 practical practical JJ 31023 472 17 from from IN 31023 472 18 a a DT 31023 472 19 safety safety NN 31023 472 20 standpoint standpoint NN 31023 472 21 because because IN 31023 472 22 of of IN 31023 472 23 the the DT 31023 472 24 diesel diesel NN 31023 472 25 's 's POS 31023 472 26 lower low JJR 31023 472 27 exhaust exhaust NN 31023 472 28 temperature temperature NN 31023 472 29 due due IN 31023 472 30 to to IN 31023 472 31 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 472 32 higher high JJR 31023 472 33 expansion expansion NN 31023 472 34 ratio ratio NN 31023 472 35 . . . 31023 473 1 Elimination elimination NN 31023 473 2 of of IN 31023 473 3 these these DT 31023 473 4 parts part NNS 31023 473 5 reduced reduce VBD 31023 473 6 the the DT 31023 473 7 weight weight NN 31023 473 8 and and CC 31023 473 9 cost cost NN 31023 473 10 of of IN 31023 473 11 the the DT 31023 473 12 engine engine NN 31023 473 13 installation installation NN 31023 473 14 . . . 31023 474 1 Finally finally RB 31023 474 2 , , , 31023 474 3 the the DT 31023 474 4 engine engine NN 31023 474 5 was be VBD 31023 474 6 ideal ideal JJ 31023 474 7 for for IN 31023 474 8 aerobatics aerobatic NNS 31023 474 9 , , , 31023 474 10 since since IN 31023 474 11 the the DT 31023 474 12 injectors injector NNS 31023 474 13 , , , 31023 474 14 unlike unlike IN 31023 474 15 carburetors carburetor NNS 31023 474 16 , , , 31023 474 17 would would MD 31023 474 18 work work VB 31023 474 19 equally equally RB 31023 474 20 well well RB 31023 474 21 whether whether IN 31023 474 22 right right JJ 31023 474 23 side side NN 31023 474 24 up up RB 31023 474 25 or or CC 31023 474 26 upside upside VB 31023 474 27 down down RB 31023 474 28 . . . 31023 475 1 An an DT 31023 475 2 advantage advantage NN 31023 475 3 peculiar peculiar JJ 31023 475 4 to to IN 31023 475 5 the the DT 31023 475 6 Packard Packard NNP 31023 475 7 among among IN 31023 475 8 aeronautical aeronautical JJ 31023 475 9 diesels diesel NNS 31023 475 10 was be VBD 31023 475 11 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 475 12 light light JJ 31023 475 13 weight weight NN 31023 475 14 . . . 31023 476 1 The the DT 31023 476 2 English English NNP 31023 476 3 Beardmore Beardmore NNP 31023 476 4 " " `` 31023 476 5 Tornado Tornado NNP 31023 476 6 III III NNP 31023 476 7 " " '' 31023 476 8 weighed weigh VBD 31023 476 9 6.9 6.9 CD 31023 476 10 lb lb XX 31023 476 11 / / SYM 31023 476 12 hp hp UH 31023 476 13 , , , 31023 476 14 and and CC 31023 476 15 the the DT 31023 476 16 German German NNP 31023 476 17 Junkers Junkers NNPS 31023 476 18 SL-1 SL-1 NNP 31023 476 19 ( ( -LRB- 31023 476 20 FO-4 FO-4 NNP 31023 476 21 ) ) -RRB- 31023 476 22 weighed weigh VBD 31023 476 23 3.1 3.1 CD 31023 476 24 lb lb RB 31023 476 25 / / SYM 31023 476 26 hp hp UH 31023 476 27 , , , 31023 476 28 while while IN 31023 476 29 the the DT 31023 476 30 Packard Packard NNP 31023 476 31 weighed weigh VBD 31023 476 32 but but CC 31023 476 33 2.3 2.3 CD 31023 476 34 lb lb NNP 31023 476 35 / / SYM 31023 476 36 hp hp UH 31023 476 37 . . . 31023 477 1 In in IN 31023 477 2 fairness fairness NN 31023 477 3 to to IN 31023 477 4 the the DT 31023 477 5 Beardmore Beardmore NNP 31023 477 6 , , , 31023 477 7 it -PRON- PRP 31023 477 8 was be VBD 31023 477 9 the the DT 31023 477 10 only only JJ 31023 477 11 one one CD 31023 477 12 of of IN 31023 477 13 the the DT 31023 477 14 three three CD 31023 477 15 engines engine NNS 31023 477 16 designed design VBN 31023 477 17 for for IN 31023 477 18 airship airship NN 31023 477 19 use use NN 31023 477 20 , , , 31023 477 21 and and CC 31023 477 22 part part NN 31023 477 23 of of IN 31023 477 24 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 477 25 heaviness heaviness NN 31023 477 26 was be VBD 31023 477 27 due due JJ 31023 477 28 to to IN 31023 477 29 the the DT 31023 477 30 special special JJ 31023 477 31 requirements requirement NNS 31023 477 32 of of IN 31023 477 33 lighter light JJR 31023 477 34 - - HYPH 31023 477 35 than than IN 31023 477 36 - - HYPH 31023 477 37 air air NN 31023 477 38 craft craft NN 31023 477 39 . . . 31023 478 1 A a DT 31023 478 2 contemporary contemporary JJ 31023 478 3 and and CC 31023 478 4 comparable comparable JJ 31023 478 5 American american JJ 31023 478 6 gasoline gasoline NN 31023 478 7 engine engine NN 31023 478 8 , , , 31023 478 9 the the DT 31023 478 10 Lycoming Lycoming NNP 31023 478 11 R-680 R-680 NNP 31023 478 12 , , , 31023 478 13 weighed weigh VBD 31023 478 14 2.2 2.2 CD 31023 478 15 lb lb IN 31023 478 16 / / SYM 31023 478 17 hp hp UH 31023 478 18 . . . 31023 479 1 To to TO 31023 479 2 have have VB 31023 479 3 designed design VBN 31023 479 4 a a DT 31023 479 5 diesel diesel NN 31023 479 6 aircraft aircraft NN 31023 479 7 engine engine NN 31023 479 8 as as RB 31023 479 9 light light NN 31023 479 10 as as IN 31023 479 11 a a DT 31023 479 12 gasoline gasoline NN 31023 479 13 one one NN 31023 479 14 was be VBD 31023 479 15 a a DT 31023 479 16 remarkable remarkable JJ 31023 479 17 achievement achievement NN 31023 479 18 . . . 31023 480 1 Disadvantages disadvantage NNS 31023 480 2 There there EX 31023 480 3 are be VBP 31023 480 4 four four CD 31023 480 5 main main JJ 31023 480 6 reasons reason NNS 31023 480 7 why why WRB 31023 480 8 the the DT 31023 480 9 Packard Packard NNP 31023 480 10 diesel diesel NN 31023 480 11 was be VBD 31023 480 12 not not RB 31023 480 13 successful successful JJ 31023 480 14 . . . 31023 481 1 First first RB 31023 481 2 the the DT 31023 481 3 Packard Packard NNP 31023 481 4 Motor Motor NNP 31023 481 5 Car Car NNP 31023 481 6 Company Company NNP 31023 481 7 put put VBD 31023 481 8 the the DT 31023 481 9 engine engine NN 31023 481 10 into into IN 31023 481 11 production production NN 31023 481 12 a a DT 31023 481 13 brief brief JJ 31023 481 14 three three CD 31023 481 15 years year NNS 31023 481 16 after after IN 31023 481 17 it -PRON- PRP 31023 481 18 was be VBD 31023 481 19 created create VBN 31023 481 20 . . . 31023 482 1 The the DT 31023 482 2 only only JJ 31023 482 3 successful successful JJ 31023 482 4 airplane airplane NN 31023 482 5 diesel diesel NN 31023 482 6 , , , 31023 482 7 the the DT 31023 482 8 German german JJ 31023 482 9 Junkers Junkers NNPS 31023 482 10 " " `` 31023 482 11 Jumo Jumo NNP 31023 482 12 , , , 31023 482 13 " " '' 31023 482 14 was be VBD 31023 482 15 in in IN 31023 482 16 development development NN 31023 482 17 more more JJR 31023 482 18 than than IN 31023 482 19 three three CD 31023 482 20 times time NNS 31023 482 21 as as RB 31023 482 22 long long JJ 31023 482 23 ( ( -LRB- 31023 482 24 1912 1912 CD 31023 482 25 - - SYM 31023 482 26 1929 1929 CD 31023 482 27 ) ) -RRB- 31023 482 28 . . . 31023 483 1 The the DT 31023 483 2 following follow VBG 31023 483 3 tests test NNS 31023 483 4 indicate indicate VBP 31023 483 5 that that IN 31023 483 6 the the DT 31023 483 7 Packard Packard NNP 31023 483 8 diesel diesel NN 31023 483 9 was be VBD 31023 483 10 not not RB 31023 483 11 ready ready JJ 31023 483 12 for for IN 31023 483 13 production production NN 31023 483 14 , , , 31023 483 15 and and CC 31023 483 16 hence hence RB 31023 483 17 was be VBD 31023 483 18 unreliable unreliable JJ 31023 483 19 . . . 31023 484 1 Packard Packard NNP 31023 484 2 Motor Motor NNP 31023 484 3 Car Car NNP 31023 484 4 Company Company NNP 31023 484 5 50-Hour 50-Hour NNP 31023 484 6 Test Test NNP 31023 484 7 ( ( -LRB- 31023 484 8 Feb. February NNP 31023 484 9 15 15 CD 31023 484 10 - - SYM 31023 484 11 18 18 CD 31023 484 12 , , , 31023 484 13 1930 1930 CD 31023 484 14 ) ) -RRB- 31023 484 15 : : : 31023 484 16 This this DT 31023 484 17 test test NN 31023 484 18 was be VBD 31023 484 19 identical identical JJ 31023 484 20 to to IN 31023 484 21 the the DT 31023 484 22 standard standard JJ 31023 484 23 Army Army NNP 31023 484 24 50-hour 50-hour CD 31023 484 25 test test NN 31023 484 26 which which WDT 31023 484 27 was be VBD 31023 484 28 used use VBN 31023 484 29 for for IN 31023 484 30 the the DT 31023 484 31 granting granting NN 31023 484 32 of of IN 31023 484 33 the the DT 31023 484 34 Approved Approved NNP 31023 484 35 Type Type NNP 31023 484 36 Certificate Certificate NNP 31023 484 37 . . . 31023 485 1 The the DT 31023 485 2 engine engine NN 31023 485 3 tested test VBN 31023 485 4 was be VBD 31023 485 5 numbered number VBN 31023 485 6 100 100 CD 31023 485 7 , , , 31023 485 8 and and CC 31023 485 9 was be VBD 31023 485 10 the the DT 31023 485 11 first first JJ 31023 485 12 to to TO 31023 485 13 be be VB 31023 485 14 made make VBN 31023 485 15 with with IN 31023 485 16 production production NN 31023 485 17 tools tool NNS 31023 485 18 ( ( -LRB- 31023 485 19 approximately approximately RB 31023 485 20 half half PDT 31023 485 21 a a DT 31023 485 22 dozen dozen NN 31023 485 23 engines engine NNS 31023 485 24 had have VBD 31023 485 25 been be VBN 31023 485 26 handmade handmade JJ 31023 485 27 previously previously RB 31023 485 28 ) ) -RRB- 31023 485 29 . . . 31023 486 1 It -PRON- PRP 31023 486 2 had have VBD 31023 486 3 to to TO 31023 486 4 be be VB 31023 486 5 stopped stop VBN 31023 486 6 three three CD 31023 486 7 times time NNS 31023 486 8 , , , 31023 486 9 twice twice RB 31023 486 10 due due IN 31023 486 11 to to IN 31023 486 12 failure failure NN 31023 486 13 of of IN 31023 486 14 the the DT 31023 486 15 fuel fuel NN 31023 486 16 pump pump NN 31023 486 17 plunger plung JJR 31023 486 18 springs spring NNS 31023 486 19 and and CC 31023 486 20 once once RB 31023 486 21 due due IN 31023 486 22 to to IN 31023 486 23 the the DT 31023 486 24 loosening loosening NN 31023 486 25 of of IN 31023 486 26 the the DT 31023 486 27 oil oil NN 31023 486 28 connection connection NN 31023 486 29 ring ring NN 31023 486 30 . . . 31023 487 1 These these DT 31023 487 2 failures failure NNS 31023 487 3 were be VBD 31023 487 4 attributed attribute VBN 31023 487 5 to to IN 31023 487 6 manufacturing manufacturing NN 31023 487 7 discrepancies discrepancy NNS 31023 487 8 . . . 31023 488 1 In in IN 31023 488 2 addition addition NN 31023 488 3 , , , 31023 488 4 4 4 CD 31023 488 5 out out IN 31023 488 6 of of IN 31023 488 7 a a DT 31023 488 8 total total NN 31023 488 9 of of IN 31023 488 10 103 103 CD 31023 488 11 valve valve NN 31023 488 12 springs spring NNS 31023 488 13 broke break VBD 31023 488 14 . . . 31023 489 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 489 2 29 29 CD 31023 489 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 489 4 U.S. U.S. NNP 31023 489 5 Navy Navy NNP 31023 489 6 50-Hour 50-Hour NNP 31023 489 7 Test Test NNP 31023 489 8 ( ( -LRB- 31023 489 9 Jan. January NNP 31023 489 10 22 22 CD 31023 489 11 , , , 31023 489 12 1931 1931 CD 31023 489 13 , , , 31023 489 14 to to IN 31023 489 15 March March NNP 31023 489 16 15 15 CD 31023 489 17 , , , 31023 489 18 1931 1931 CD 31023 489 19 ) ) -RRB- 31023 489 20 : : : 31023 489 21 The the DT 31023 489 22 engine engine NN 31023 489 23 used use VBN 31023 489 24 in in IN 31023 489 25 the the DT 31023 489 26 Navy Navy NNP 31023 489 27 test test NN 31023 489 28 was be VBD 31023 489 29 numbered number VBN 31023 489 30 120 120 CD 31023 489 31 . . . 31023 490 1 ( ( -LRB- 31023 490 2 Apparently apparently RB 31023 490 3 only only RB 31023 490 4 20 20 CD 31023 490 5 production production NN 31023 490 6 engines engine NNS 31023 490 7 had have VBD 31023 490 8 been be VBN 31023 490 9 built build VBN 31023 490 10 during during IN 31023 490 11 the the DT 31023 490 12 preceding precede VBG 31023 490 13 12 12 CD 31023 490 14 months month NNS 31023 490 15 ; ; : 31023 490 16 Dorner Dorner NNP 31023 490 17 in in IN 31023 490 18 a a DT 31023 490 19 letter letter NN 31023 490 20 of of IN 31023 490 21 March March NNP 31023 490 22 3 3 CD 31023 490 23 , , , 31023 490 24 1962 1962 CD 31023 490 25 , , , 31023 490 26 states state VBZ 31023 490 27 that that IN 31023 490 28 the the DT 31023 490 29 total total JJ 31023 490 30 number number NN 31023 490 31 of of IN 31023 490 32 Packard packard NN 31023 490 33 diesels diesel NNS 31023 490 34 produced produce VBN 31023 490 35 was be VBD 31023 490 36 approximately approximately RB 31023 490 37 25 25 CD 31023 490 38 . . . 31023 490 39 ) ) -RRB- 31023 491 1 The the DT 31023 491 2 engine engine NN 31023 491 3 had have VBD 31023 491 4 to to TO 31023 491 5 be be VB 31023 491 6 stopped stop VBN 31023 491 7 three three CD 31023 491 8 times time NNS 31023 491 9 , , , 31023 491 10 twice twice RB 31023 491 11 due due IN 31023 491 12 to to IN 31023 491 13 valve valve VB 31023 491 14 - - HYPH 31023 491 15 spring spring VB 31023 491 16 collar collar NN 31023 491 17 failures failure NNS 31023 491 18 and and CC 31023 491 19 once once RB 31023 491 20 due due IN 31023 491 21 to to IN 31023 491 22 a a DT 31023 491 23 valve valve JJ 31023 491 24 head head NN 31023 491 25 breaking break VBG 31023 491 26 . . . 31023 492 1 Because because IN 31023 492 2 of of IN 31023 492 3 these these DT 31023 492 4 failures failure NNS 31023 492 5 this this DT 31023 492 6 test test NN 31023 492 7 was be VBD 31023 492 8 not not RB 31023 492 9 completed complete VBN 31023 492 10 . . . 31023 493 1 The the DT 31023 493 2 following follow VBG 31023 493 3 significant significant JJ 31023 493 4 quotations quotation NNS 31023 493 5 have have VBP 31023 493 6 been be VBN 31023 493 7 extracted extract VBN 31023 493 8 from from IN 31023 493 9 the the DT 31023 493 10 test test NN 31023 493 11 : : : 31023 493 12 " " `` 31023 493 13 The the DT 31023 493 14 engine engine NN 31023 493 15 is be VBZ 31023 493 16 not not RB 31023 493 17 recommended recommend VBN 31023 493 18 for for IN 31023 493 19 service service NN 31023 493 20 use use NN 31023 493 21 .... .... . 31023 494 1 Flight flight NN 31023 494 2 tests test NNS 31023 494 3 , , , 31023 494 4 until until IN 31023 494 5 the the DT 31023 494 6 durability durability NN 31023 494 7 of of IN 31023 494 8 the the DT 31023 494 9 engine engine NN 31023 494 10 is be VBZ 31023 494 11 improved improve VBN 31023 494 12 , , , 31023 494 13 be be VB 31023 494 14 limited limit VBN 31023 494 15 to to IN 31023 494 16 a a DT 31023 494 17 determination determination NN 31023 494 18 of of IN 31023 494 19 the the DT 31023 494 20 critical critical JJ 31023 494 21 engine engine NN 31023 494 22 speeds speed NNS 31023 494 23 , , , 31023 494 24 and and CC 31023 494 25 to to IN 31023 494 26 short short JJ 31023 494 27 hops hop NNS 31023 494 28 in in IN 31023 494 29 seaplanes seaplane NNS 31023 494 30 .... .... . 31023 495 1 It -PRON- PRP 31023 495 2 is be VBZ 31023 495 3 believed believe VBN 31023 495 4 that that IN 31023 495 5 this this DT 31023 495 6 size size NN 31023 495 7 engine engine NN 31023 495 8 should should MD 31023 495 9 be be VB 31023 495 10 made make VBN 31023 495 11 suitable suitable JJ 31023 495 12 for for IN 31023 495 13 service service NN 31023 495 14 use use NN 31023 495 15 before before IN 31023 495 16 this this DT 31023 495 17 type type NN 31023 495 18 in in IN 31023 495 19 a a DT 31023 495 20 larger large JJR 31023 495 21 class class NN 31023 495 22 is be VBZ 31023 495 23 attempted attempt VBN 31023 495 24 . . . 31023 495 25 " " '' 31023 496 1 This this DT 31023 496 2 latter latter JJ 31023 496 3 statement statement NN 31023 496 4 probably probably RB 31023 496 5 refers refer VBZ 31023 496 6 to to IN 31023 496 7 the the DT 31023 496 8 400-hp 400-hp CD 31023 496 9 model model NN 31023 496 10 . . . 31023 497 1 A a DT 31023 497 2 year year NN 31023 497 3 had have VBD 31023 497 4 passed pass VBN 31023 497 5 between between IN 31023 497 6 the the DT 31023 497 7 making making NN 31023 497 8 of of IN 31023 497 9 engine engine NN 31023 497 10 100 100 CD 31023 497 11 and and CC 31023 497 12 120 120 CD 31023 497 13 , , , 31023 497 14 yet yet CC 31023 497 15 the the DT 31023 497 16 reliability reliability NN 31023 497 17 had have VBD 31023 497 18 not not RB 31023 497 19 improved improve VBN 31023 497 20 . . . 31023 498 1 Although although IN 31023 498 2 unreliability unreliability NN 31023 498 3 was be VBD 31023 498 4 the the DT 31023 498 5 immediate immediate JJ 31023 498 6 cause cause NN 31023 498 7 of of IN 31023 498 8 failure failure NN 31023 498 9 , , , 31023 498 10 there there EX 31023 498 11 were be VBD 31023 498 12 two two CD 31023 498 13 design design NN 31023 498 14 defects defect NNS 31023 498 15 which which WDT 31023 498 16 would would MD 31023 498 17 have have VB 31023 498 18 doomed doom VBN 31023 498 19 the the DT 31023 498 20 engine engine NN 31023 498 21 even even RB 31023 498 22 if if IN 31023 498 23 it -PRON- PRP 31023 498 24 had have VBD 31023 498 25 been be VBN 31023 498 26 reliable reliable JJ 31023 498 27 . . . 31023 499 1 All all PDT 31023 499 2 the the DT 31023 499 3 Packard packard NN 31023 499 4 diesels diesel NNS 31023 499 5 were be VBD 31023 499 6 of of IN 31023 499 7 the the DT 31023 499 8 4-stroke 4-stroke CD 31023 499 9 cycle cycle NN 31023 499 10 unblown unblown JJ 31023 499 11 type type NN 31023 499 12 , , , 31023 499 13 yet yet CC 31023 499 14 the the DT 31023 499 15 most most RBS 31023 499 16 successful successful JJ 31023 499 17 airplane airplane NN 31023 499 18 diesels diesel NNS 31023 499 19 were be VBD 31023 499 20 of of IN 31023 499 21 the the DT 31023 499 22 2-stroke 2-stroke CD 31023 499 23 cycle cycle NN 31023 499 24 blown blow VBN 31023 499 25 type type NN 31023 499 26 . . . 31023 500 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 500 2 30 30 CD 31023 500 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 500 4 The the DT 31023 500 5 advantages advantage NNS 31023 500 6 of of IN 31023 500 7 the the DT 31023 500 8 latter latter JJ 31023 500 9 type type NN 31023 500 10 for for IN 31023 500 11 aeronautical aeronautical JJ 31023 500 12 use use NN 31023 500 13 are be VBP 31023 500 14 that that IN 31023 500 15 it -PRON- PRP 31023 500 16 is be VBZ 31023 500 17 of of IN 31023 500 18 a a DT 31023 500 19 more more RBR 31023 500 20 compact compact JJ 31023 500 21 engine engine NN 31023 500 22 , , , 31023 500 23 of of IN 31023 500 24 lower low JJR 31023 500 25 weight weight NN 31023 500 26 and and CC 31023 500 27 greater great JJR 31023 500 28 efficiency efficiency NN 31023 500 29 . . . 31023 501 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 501 2 31 31 CD 31023 501 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 501 4 The the DT 31023 501 5 engine engine NN 31023 501 6 was be VBD 31023 501 7 therefore therefore RB 31023 501 8 built build VBN 31023 501 9 around around IN 31023 501 10 the the DT 31023 501 11 wrong wrong JJ 31023 501 12 cycle cycle NN 31023 501 13 . . . 31023 502 1 The the DT 31023 502 2 Packard Packard NNP 31023 502 3 diesel diesel NN 31023 502 4 of of IN 31023 502 5 1928 1928 CD 31023 502 6 was be VBD 31023 502 7 designed design VBN 31023 502 8 to to TO 31023 502 9 compete compete VB 31023 502 10 with with IN 31023 502 11 the the DT 31023 502 12 Wright Wright NNP 31023 502 13 J-5 J-5 NNP 31023 502 14 " " `` 31023 502 15 Whirlwind Whirlwind NNP 31023 502 16 " " '' 31023 502 17 which which WDT 31023 502 18 powered power VBD 31023 502 19 Lindbergh Lindbergh NNP 31023 502 20 's 's POS 31023 502 21 " " `` 31023 502 22 Spirit Spirit NNP 31023 502 23 of of IN 31023 502 24 St. St. NNP 31023 502 25 Louis Louis NNP 31023 502 26 " " '' 31023 502 27 in in IN 31023 502 28 1927 1927 CD 31023 502 29 . . . 31023 503 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 503 2 32 32 CD 31023 503 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 503 4 The the DT 31023 503 5 specifications specification NNS 31023 503 6 were be VBD 31023 503 7 within within IN 31023 503 8 two two CD 31023 503 9 percent percent NN 31023 503 10 of of IN 31023 503 11 each each DT 31023 503 12 other other JJ 31023 503 13 . . . 31023 504 1 The the DT 31023 504 2 diesel diesel NN 31023 504 3 engine engine NN 31023 504 4 's 's POS 31023 504 5 fuel fuel NN 31023 504 6 consumption consumption NN 31023 504 7 was be VBD 31023 504 8 far far RB 31023 504 9 less less JJR 31023 504 10 although although IN 31023 504 11 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 504 12 price price NN 31023 504 13 was be VBD 31023 504 14 considerably considerably RB 31023 504 15 higher high JJR 31023 504 16 . . . 31023 505 1 _ _ NNP 31023 505 2 Packard Packard NNP 31023 505 3 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 505 4 _ _ NNP 31023 505 5 _ _ NNP 31023 505 6 Wright Wright NNP 31023 505 7 J-5 J-5 NNP 31023 505 8 _ _ NNP 31023 505 9 _ _ NNP 31023 505 10 DR-980 DR-980 NNP 31023 505 11 _ _ NNP 31023 505 12 _ _ NNP 31023 505 13 " " `` 31023 505 14 Whirlwind Whirlwind NNP 31023 505 15 " " '' 31023 505 16 _ _ NNP 31023 505 17 Diameter Diameter NNP 31023 505 18 ( ( -LRB- 31023 505 19 in in RB 31023 505 20 . . . 31023 505 21 ) ) -RRB- 31023 506 1 45 45 CD 31023 506 2 - - SYM 31023 506 3 11/16 11/16 CD 31023 506 4 45 45 CD 31023 506 5 Horsepower Horsepower NNP 31023 506 6 225 225 CD 31023 506 7 225 225 CD 31023 506 8 Weight Weight NNP 31023 506 9 ( ( -LRB- 31023 506 10 lb lb RB 31023 506 11 ) ) -RRB- 31023 506 12 510 510 CD 31023 506 13 510 510 CD 31023 506 14 Weight Weight NNP 31023 506 15 - - HYPH 31023 506 16 horsepower horsepower NN 31023 506 17 ratio ratio NN 31023 506 18 2.26 2.26 CD 31023 506 19 2.26 2.26 CD 31023 506 20 Fuel fuel NN 31023 506 21 consumption consumption NN 31023 506 22 ( ( -LRB- 31023 506 23 lb lb RB 31023 506 24 per per FW 31023 506 25 hp hp NNP 31023 506 26 / / SYM 31023 506 27 hr hr NN 31023 506 28 at at IN 31023 506 29 0.40 0.40 CD 31023 506 30 0.60 0.60 CD 31023 506 31 cruising cruise VBG 31023 506 32 ) ) -RRB- 31023 506 33 . . . 31023 507 1 Cost cost VB 31023 507 2 $ $ $ 31023 507 3 4025 4025 CD 31023 507 4 $ $ $ 31023 507 5 3000 3000 CD 31023 507 6 The the DT 31023 507 7 advantages advantage NNS 31023 507 8 of of IN 31023 507 9 lower low JJR 31023 507 10 fuel fuel NN 31023 507 11 cost cost NN 31023 507 12 and and CC 31023 507 13 greater great JJR 31023 507 14 cruising cruise VBG 31023 507 15 range range NN 31023 507 16 offered offer VBN 31023 507 17 by by IN 31023 507 18 the the DT 31023 507 19 diesel diesel NN 31023 507 20 engine engine NN 31023 507 21 would would MD 31023 507 22 be be VB 31023 507 23 relatively relatively RB 31023 507 24 unimportant unimportant JJ 31023 507 25 to to IN 31023 507 26 a a DT 31023 507 27 private private JJ 31023 507 28 pilot pilot NN 31023 507 29 flying fly VBG 31023 507 30 for for IN 31023 507 31 pleasure pleasure NN 31023 507 32 , , , 31023 507 33 but but CC 31023 507 34 would would MD 31023 507 35 be be VB 31023 507 36 vital vital JJ 31023 507 37 to to IN 31023 507 38 the the DT 31023 507 39 commercial commercial JJ 31023 507 40 operator operator NN 31023 507 41 using use VBG 31023 507 42 airplanes airplane NNS 31023 507 43 powered power VBN 31023 507 44 by by IN 31023 507 45 engines engine NNS 31023 507 46 having have VBG 31023 507 47 several several JJ 31023 507 48 times time NNS 31023 507 49 the the DT 31023 507 50 horsepower horsepower NN 31023 507 51 of of IN 31023 507 52 the the DT 31023 507 53 Packard Packard NNP 31023 507 54 diesel diesel NN 31023 507 55 . . . 31023 508 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 508 2 size size NN 31023 508 3 , , , 31023 508 4 moreover moreover RB 31023 508 5 , , , 31023 508 6 was be VBD 31023 508 7 too too RB 31023 508 8 small small JJ 31023 508 9 for for IN 31023 508 10 the the DT 31023 508 11 technology technology NN 31023 508 12 of of IN 31023 508 13 fuel fuel NN 31023 508 14 injectors injector NNS 31023 508 15 . . . 31023 509 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 509 2 33 33 CD 31023 509 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 509 4 The the DT 31023 509 5 Packard Packard NNP 31023 509 6 Company Company NNP 31023 509 7 realized realize VBD 31023 509 8 that that IN 31023 509 9 the the DT 31023 509 10 production production NN 31023 509 11 engine engine NN 31023 509 12 was be VBD 31023 509 13 too too RB 31023 509 14 small small JJ 31023 509 15 . . . 31023 510 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 510 2 34 34 CD 31023 510 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 510 4 In in IN 31023 510 5 1930 1930 CD 31023 510 6 a a DT 31023 510 7 400-hp 400-hp CD 31023 510 8 version version NN 31023 510 9 was be VBD 31023 510 10 built build VBN 31023 510 11 but but CC 31023 510 12 was be VBD 31023 510 13 not not RB 31023 510 14 put put VBN 31023 510 15 into into IN 31023 510 16 production production NN 31023 510 17 , , , 31023 510 18 probably probably RB 31023 510 19 because because IN 31023 510 20 of of IN 31023 510 21 the the DT 31023 510 22 unreliability unreliability NN 31023 510 23 of of IN 31023 510 24 the the DT 31023 510 25 225-hp 225-hp CD 31023 510 26 model model NN 31023 510 27 . . . 31023 511 1 The the DT 31023 511 2 fourth fourth JJ 31023 511 3 principal principal JJ 31023 511 4 reason reason NN 31023 511 5 why why WRB 31023 511 6 the the DT 31023 511 7 engine engine NN 31023 511 8 failed fail VBD 31023 511 9 is be VBZ 31023 511 10 explained explain VBN 31023 511 11 by by IN 31023 511 12 the the DT 31023 511 13 following following JJ 31023 511 14 quotation quotation NN 31023 511 15 from from IN 31023 511 16 _ _ NNP 31023 511 17 The the DT 31023 511 18 Propulsion Propulsion NNP 31023 511 19 of of IN 31023 511 20 Aircraft Aircraft NNP 31023 511 21 _ _ NNP 31023 511 22 , , , 31023 511 23 by by IN 31023 511 24 M. M. NNP 31023 511 25 J. J. NNP 31023 512 1 B. B. NNP 31023 512 2 Davy Davy NNP 31023 512 3 ( ( -LRB- 31023 512 4 published publish VBN 31023 512 5 in in IN 31023 512 6 1936 1936 CD 31023 512 7 by by IN 31023 512 8 His -PRON- PRP$ 31023 512 9 Majesty Majesty NNP 31023 512 10 's 's POS 31023 512 11 Stationery Stationery NNP 31023 512 12 Office Office NNP 31023 512 13 , , , 31023 512 14 London London NNP 31023 512 15 ) ) -RRB- 31023 512 16 : : : 31023 512 17 Although although IN 31023 512 18 the the DT 31023 512 19 development development NN 31023 512 20 and and CC 31023 512 21 adoption adoption NN 31023 512 22 for for IN 31023 512 23 transport transport NN 31023 512 24 purposes purpose NNS 31023 512 25 of of IN 31023 512 26 the the DT 31023 512 27 relatively relatively RB 31023 512 28 high high JJ 31023 512 29 - - HYPH 31023 512 30 speed speed NN 31023 512 31 compression compression NN 31023 512 32 ignition ignition NN 31023 512 33 engine engine NN 31023 512 34 has have VBZ 31023 512 35 been be VBN 31023 512 36 rapid rapid JJ 31023 512 37 during during IN 31023 512 38 the the DT 31023 512 39 last last JJ 31023 512 40 few few JJ 31023 512 41 years year NNS 31023 512 42 , , , 31023 512 43 there there EX 31023 512 44 has have VBZ 31023 512 45 been be VBN 31023 512 46 no no DT 31023 512 47 corresponding corresponding JJ 31023 512 48 advance advance NN 31023 512 49 in in IN 31023 512 50 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 512 51 adoption adoption NN 31023 512 52 for for IN 31023 512 53 aircraft aircraft NN 31023 512 54 propulsion propulsion NN 31023 512 55 . . . 31023 513 1 A a DT 31023 513 2 reason reason NN 31023 513 3 for for IN 31023 513 4 this this DT 31023 513 5 is be VBZ 31023 513 6 the the DT 31023 513 7 recent recent JJ 31023 513 8 great great JJ 31023 513 9 advance advance NN 31023 513 10 in in IN 31023 513 11 " " `` 31023 513 12 take take VB 31023 513 13 - - HYPH 31023 513 14 off off RP 31023 513 15 " " '' 31023 513 16 power power NN 31023 513 17 in in IN 31023 513 18 the the DT 31023 513 19 petrol petrol NN 31023 513 20 ( ( -LRB- 31023 513 21 gasoline gasoline NN 31023 513 22 ) ) -RRB- 31023 513 23 engine engine NN 31023 513 24 due due IN 31023 513 25 to to IN 31023 513 26 the the DT 31023 513 27 introduction introduction NN 31023 513 28 of of IN 31023 513 29 87 87 CD 31023 513 30 octane octane NN 31023 513 31 fuel fuel NN 31023 513 32 ( ( -LRB- 31023 513 33 which which WDT 31023 513 34 permits permit VBZ 31023 513 35 higher high JJR 31023 513 36 compression compression NN 31023 513 37 ratios ratio NNS 31023 513 38 ) ) -RRB- 31023 513 39 and and CC 31023 513 40 the the DT 31023 513 41 strong strong JJ 31023 513 42 probability probability NN 31023 513 43 of of IN 31023 513 44 100 100 CD 31023 513 45 octane octane NN 31023 513 46 fuels fuel NNS 31023 513 47 in in IN 31023 513 48 the the DT 31023 513 49 near near JJ 31023 513 50 future future NN 31023 513 51 , , , 31023 513 52 still still RB 31023 513 53 further further RB 31023 513 54 increasing increase VBG 31023 513 55 this this DT 31023 513 56 power power NN 31023 513 57 . . . 31023 514 1 The the DT 31023 514 2 need need NN 31023 514 3 for for IN 31023 514 4 increased increase VBN 31023 514 5 take take VB 31023 514 6 - - HYPH 31023 514 7 off off RP 31023 514 8 power power NN 31023 514 9 results result NNS 31023 514 10 from from IN 31023 514 11 the the DT 31023 514 12 higher high JJR 31023 514 13 wing wing NN 31023 514 14 loading loading NN 31023 514 15 necessitated necessitate VBN 31023 514 16 by by IN 31023 514 17 the the DT 31023 514 18 modern modern JJ 31023 514 19 demand demand NN 31023 514 20 for for IN 31023 514 21 commercial commercial JJ 31023 514 22 aircraft aircraft NN 31023 514 23 with with IN 31023 514 24 higher high JJR 31023 514 25 cruising cruising JJ 31023 514 26 speeds speed NNS 31023 514 27 with with IN 31023 514 28 reasonable reasonable JJ 31023 514 29 power power NN 31023 514 30 expenditure expenditure NN 31023 514 31 . . . 31023 515 1 Production production NN 31023 515 2 of of IN 31023 515 3 the the DT 31023 515 4 Packard Packard NNP 31023 515 5 diesel diesel NN 31023 515 6 ceased cease VBD 31023 515 7 in in IN 31023 515 8 1933 1933 CD 31023 515 9 . . . 31023 516 1 During during IN 31023 516 2 that that DT 31023 516 3 same same JJ 31023 516 4 year year NN 31023 516 5 the the DT 31023 516 6 Pratt Pratt NNP 31023 516 7 & & CC 31023 516 8 Whitney Whitney NNP 31023 516 9 Aircraft Aircraft NNP 31023 516 10 Company Company NNP 31023 516 11 and and CC 31023 516 12 the the DT 31023 516 13 Wright Wright NNP 31023 516 14 Aeronautical Aeronautical NNP 31023 516 15 Corporation Corporation NNP 31023 516 16 specified specify VBD 31023 516 17 87-octane 87-octane CD 31023 516 18 fuel fuel NN 31023 516 19 for for IN 31023 516 20 certain certain JJ 31023 516 21 of of IN 31023 516 22 their -PRON- PRP$ 31023 516 23 engines engine NNS 31023 516 24 . . . 31023 517 1 Less Less JJR 31023 517 2 than than IN 31023 517 3 10 10 CD 31023 517 4 years year NNS 31023 517 5 later later RB 31023 517 6 octane octane NN 31023 517 7 ratings rating NNS 31023 517 8 had have VBD 31023 517 9 increased increase VBN 31023 517 10 to to IN 31023 517 11 over over IN 31023 517 12 100 100 CD 31023 517 13 , , , 31023 517 14 putting put VBG 31023 517 15 the the DT 31023 517 16 diesel diesel NN 31023 517 17 at at IN 31023 517 18 a a DT 31023 517 19 further further JJ 31023 517 20 disadvantage disadvantage NN 31023 517 21 . . . 31023 518 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 518 2 35 35 CD 31023 518 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 518 4 Although although IN 31023 518 5 the the DT 31023 518 6 above above JJ 31023 518 7 disadvantages disadvantage NNS 31023 518 8 sealed seal VBD 31023 518 9 the the DT 31023 518 10 Packard Packard NNP 31023 518 11 diesel diesel NN 31023 518 12 's 's POS 31023 518 13 fate fate NN 31023 518 14 , , , 31023 518 15 there there EX 31023 518 16 were be VBD 31023 518 17 other other JJ 31023 518 18 minor minor JJ 31023 518 19 reasons reason NNS 31023 518 20 for for IN 31023 518 21 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 518 22 failure failure NN 31023 518 23 . . . 31023 519 1 The the DT 31023 519 2 Packard Packard NNP 31023 519 3 diesel diesel NN 31023 519 4 had have VBD 31023 519 5 the the DT 31023 519 6 highest high JJS 31023 519 7 maximum maximum JJ 31023 519 8 cylinder cylinder NN 31023 519 9 pressure pressure NN 31023 519 10 ( ( -LRB- 31023 519 11 up up IN 31023 519 12 to to TO 31023 519 13 1500 1500 CD 31023 519 14 psi psi VBD 31023 519 15 at at IN 31023 519 16 peak peak NNP 31023 519 17 rpm rpm NNP 31023 519 18 ) ) -RRB- 31023 519 19 of of IN 31023 519 20 any any DT 31023 519 21 proven prove VBN 31023 519 22 contemporary contemporary JJ 31023 519 23 aircraft aircraft NN 31023 519 24 diesel diesel NN 31023 519 25 engine engine NN 31023 519 26 . . . 31023 520 1 Leigh Leigh NNP 31023 520 2 M. M. NNP 31023 520 3 Griffith Griffith NNP 31023 520 4 , , , 31023 520 5 vice vice NN 31023 520 6 president president NN 31023 520 7 and and CC 31023 520 8 general general JJ 31023 520 9 manager manager NN 31023 520 10 , , , 31023 520 11 Emsco Emsco NNP 31023 520 12 Aero Aero NNP 31023 520 13 Engine Engine NNP 31023 520 14 Company Company NNP 31023 520 15 , , , 31023 520 16 had have VBD 31023 520 17 this this DT 31023 520 18 to to TO 31023 520 19 say say VB 31023 520 20 about about IN 31023 520 21 the the DT 31023 520 22 Packard Packard NNP 31023 520 23 diesel diesel NN 31023 520 24 's 's POS 31023 520 25 high high JJ 31023 520 26 maximum maximum JJ 31023 520 27 cylinder cylinder NN 31023 520 28 pressure pressure NN 31023 520 29 in in IN 31023 520 30 the the DT 31023 520 31 September September NNP 31023 520 32 1930 1930 CD 31023 520 33 _ _ NNP 31023 520 34 S.A.E. S.A.E. NNP 31023 521 1 Journal Journal NNP 31023 521 2 _ _ NNP 31023 521 3 : : : 31023 521 4 The the DT 31023 521 5 designers designer NNS 31023 521 6 considered consider VBD 31023 521 7 it -PRON- PRP 31023 521 8 necessary necessary JJ 31023 521 9 to to TO 31023 521 10 adopt adopt VB 31023 521 11 unusual unusual JJ 31023 521 12 but but CC 31023 521 13 admittedly admittedly RB 31023 521 14 clever clever JJ 31023 521 15 expedients expedient NNS 31023 521 16 to to TO 31023 521 17 counteract counteract VB 31023 521 18 the the DT 31023 521 19 great great JJ 31023 521 20 torque torque NN 31023 521 21 irregularity irregularity NN 31023 521 22 caused cause VBN 31023 521 23 by by IN 31023 521 24 the the DT 31023 521 25 excessive excessive JJ 31023 521 26 maximum maximum JJ 31023 521 27 pressure pressure NN 31023 521 28 . . . 31023 522 1 The the DT 31023 522 2 adoption adoption NN 31023 522 3 of of IN 31023 522 4 the the DT 31023 522 5 lower low JJR 31023 522 6 pressure pressure NN 31023 522 7 of of IN 31023 522 8 800 800 CD 31023 522 9 lbs lb NNS 31023 522 10 . . . 31023 523 1 would would MD 31023 523 2 have have VB 31023 523 3 eliminated eliminate VBN 31023 523 4 the the DT 31023 523 5 necessity necessity NN 31023 523 6 for for IN 31023 523 7 the the DT 31023 523 8 pivoted pivot VBN 31023 523 9 spring spring NN 31023 523 10 - - HYPH 31023 523 11 mounted mount VBN 31023 523 12 counterweights counterweight NNS 31023 523 13 and and CC 31023 523 14 the the DT 31023 523 15 shock shock NN 31023 523 16 - - HYPH 31023 523 17 absorbing absorb VBG 31023 523 18 rubber rubber NN 31023 523 19 propeller propeller NN 31023 523 20 - - HYPH 31023 523 21 drive drive NN 31023 523 22 .... .... . 31023 524 1 The the DT 31023 524 2 use use NN 31023 524 3 of of IN 31023 524 4 such such JJ 31023 524 5 high high JJ 31023 524 6 pressures pressure NNS 31023 524 7 is be VBZ 31023 524 8 in in IN 31023 524 9 reality reality NN 31023 524 10 the the DT 31023 524 11 quick quick JJ 31023 524 12 and and CC 31023 524 13 easy easy JJ 31023 524 14 way way NN 31023 524 15 to to TO 31023 524 16 secure secure VB 31023 524 17 high high JJ 31023 524 18 - - HYPH 31023 524 19 speed speed NN 31023 524 20 operation operation NN 31023 524 21 and and CC 31023 524 22 can can MD 31023 524 23 be be VB 31023 524 24 justified justify VBN 31023 524 25 only only RB 31023 524 26 from from IN 31023 524 27 this this DT 31023 524 28 standpoint standpoint NN 31023 524 29 , , , 31023 524 30 although although IN 31023 524 31 the the DT 31023 524 32 resulting result VBG 31023 524 33 increased increase VBN 31023 524 34 difficulty difficulty NN 31023 524 35 in in IN 31023 524 36 keeping keep VBG 31023 524 37 the the DT 31023 524 38 engine engine NN 31023 524 39 light light NN 31023 524 40 enough enough RB 31023 524 41 was be VBD 31023 524 42 a a DT 31023 524 43 strong strong JJ 31023 524 44 offsetting offsetting JJ 31023 524 45 factor factor NN 31023 524 46 . . . 31023 525 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 525 2 36 36 CD 31023 525 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 525 4 Insofar insofar RB 31023 525 5 as as IN 31023 525 6 the the DT 31023 525 7 engine engine NN 31023 525 8 life life NN 31023 525 9 was be VBD 31023 525 10 concerned concern VBN 31023 525 11 it -PRON- PRP 31023 525 12 is be VBZ 31023 525 13 true true JJ 31023 525 14 that that IN 31023 525 15 1,500-psi 1,500-psi CD 31023 525 16 peak peak NN 31023 525 17 pressures pressure NNS 31023 525 18 were be VBD 31023 525 19 observed observe VBN 31023 525 20 but but CC 31023 525 21 the the DT 31023 525 22 engine engine NN 31023 525 23 was be VBD 31023 525 24 so so RB 31023 525 25 developed develop VBN 31023 525 26 to to TO 31023 525 27 withstand withstand VB 31023 525 28 these these DT 31023 525 29 pressures pressure NNS 31023 525 30 .... .... . 31023 525 31 One one CD 31023 525 32 of of IN 31023 525 33 the the DT 31023 525 34 most most RBS 31023 525 35 severe severe JJ 31023 525 36 problems problem NNS 31023 525 37 connected connect VBN 31023 525 38 with with IN 31023 525 39 the the DT 31023 525 40 development development NN 31023 525 41 of of IN 31023 525 42 this this DT 31023 525 43 engine engine NN 31023 525 44 was be VBD 31023 525 45 the the DT 31023 525 46 piston piston NN 31023 525 47 ring ring NN 31023 525 48 sealing sealing NN 31023 525 49 . . . 31023 526 1 Special special JJ 31023 526 2 compression compression NN 31023 526 3 rings ring NNS 31023 526 4 were be VBD 31023 526 5 made make VBN 31023 526 6 with with IN 31023 526 7 no no DT 31023 526 8 gaps gap NNS 31023 526 9 and and CC 31023 526 10 further further JJ 31023 526 11 work work NN 31023 526 12 in in IN 31023 526 13 this this DT 31023 526 14 respect respect NN 31023 526 15 could could MD 31023 526 16 have have VB 31023 526 17 been be VBN 31023 526 18 used use VBN 31023 526 19 to to TO 31023 526 20 advantage advantage VB 31023 526 21 had have VBD 31023 526 22 the the DT 31023 526 23 engine engine NN 31023 526 24 been be VBN 31023 526 25 kept keep VBN 31023 526 26 in in IN 31023 526 27 production production NN 31023 526 28 . . . 31023 527 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 527 2 37 37 CD 31023 527 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 527 4 It -PRON- PRP 31023 527 5 is be VBZ 31023 527 6 significant significant JJ 31023 527 7 that that IN 31023 527 8 in in IN 31023 527 9 1930 1930 CD 31023 527 10 the the DT 31023 527 11 Packard Packard NNP 31023 527 12 diesel diesel NN 31023 527 13 had have VBD 31023 527 14 a a DT 31023 527 15 compression compression NN 31023 527 16 ratio ratio NN 31023 527 17 of of IN 31023 527 18 16:1 16:1 CD 31023 527 19 , , , 31023 527 20 whereas whereas IN 31023 527 21 in in IN 31023 527 22 1931 1931 CD 31023 527 23 it -PRON- PRP 31023 527 24 has have VBZ 31023 527 25 been be VBN 31023 527 26 reduced reduce VBN 31023 527 27 to to IN 31023 527 28 14:1 14:1 CD 31023 527 29 . . . 31023 528 1 This this DT 31023 528 2 was be VBD 31023 528 3 probably probably RB 31023 528 4 done do VBN 31023 528 5 to to TO 31023 528 6 reduce reduce VB 31023 528 7 vibration vibration NN 31023 528 8 and and CC 31023 528 9 the the DT 31023 528 10 problem problem NN 31023 528 11 of of IN 31023 528 12 piston piston NN 31023 528 13 - - HYPH 31023 528 14 ring ring NN 31023 528 15 sealing sealing NN 31023 528 16 . . . 31023 529 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 529 2 38 38 CD 31023 529 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 529 4 The the DT 31023 529 5 exhaust exhaust NN 31023 529 6 products product NNS 31023 529 7 had have VBD 31023 529 8 an an DT 31023 529 9 unpleasant unpleasant JJ 31023 529 10 odor odor NN 31023 529 11 which which WDT 31023 529 12 was be VBD 31023 529 13 particularly particularly RB 31023 529 14 objectionable objectionable JJ 31023 529 15 during during IN 31023 529 16 taxiing taxi VBG 31023 529 17 . . . 31023 530 1 Professor Professor NNP 31023 530 2 C. C. NNP 31023 530 3 Fayette Fayette NNP 31023 530 4 Taylor Taylor NNP 31023 530 5 , , , 31023 530 6 writing write VBG 31023 530 7 in in IN 31023 530 8 the the DT 31023 530 9 January January NNP 31023 530 10 1931 1931 CD 31023 530 11 issue issue NN 31023 530 12 of of IN 31023 530 13 _ _ NNP 31023 530 14 Aviation Aviation NNP 31023 530 15 _ _ NNP 31023 530 16 , , , 31023 530 17 remarked remark VBN 31023 530 18 about about IN 31023 530 19 this this DT 31023 530 20 fault fault NN 31023 530 21 : : : 31023 530 22 " " `` 31023 530 23 One one CD 31023 530 24 is be VBZ 31023 530 25 inclined inclined JJ 31023 530 26 to to TO 31023 530 27 question question VB 31023 530 28 whether whether IN 31023 530 29 the the DT 31023 530 30 disagreeable disagreeable JJ 31023 530 31 escaping escaping NN 31023 530 32 of of IN 31023 530 33 exhaust exhaust NN 31023 530 34 gas gas NN 31023 530 35 from from IN 31023 530 36 the the DT 31023 530 37 intake intake JJ 31023 530 38 ports port NNS 31023 530 39 can can MD 31023 530 40 be be VB 31023 530 41 overcome overcome VBN 31023 530 42 , , , 31023 530 43 while while IN 31023 530 44 still still RB 31023 530 45 retaining retain VBG 31023 530 46 the the DT 31023 530 47 obvious obvious JJ 31023 530 48 advantages advantage NNS 31023 530 49 in in IN 31023 530 50 weight weight NN 31023 530 51 and and CC 31023 530 52 simplicity simplicity NN 31023 530 53 of of IN 31023 530 54 the the DT 31023 530 55 single single JJ 31023 530 56 valve valve NN 31023 530 57 . . . 31023 530 58 " " '' 31023 531 1 The the DT 31023 531 2 engine engine NN 31023 531 3 exhaust exhaust NN 31023 531 4 deposited deposit VBD 31023 531 5 a a DT 31023 531 6 black black JJ 31023 531 7 oily oily JJ 31023 531 8 film film NN 31023 531 9 . . . 31023 532 1 In in IN 31023 532 2 fact fact NN 31023 532 3 some some DT 31023 532 4 airplanes airplane NNS 31023 532 5 fitted fit VBN 31023 532 6 with with IN 31023 532 7 the the DT 31023 532 8 Packard Packard NNP 31023 532 9 diesel diesel NN 31023 532 10 engine engine NN 31023 532 11 were be VBD 31023 532 12 painted paint VBN 31023 532 13 black black JJ 31023 532 14 , , , 31023 532 15 so so IN 31023 532 16 that that IN 31023 532 17 soot soot NN 31023 532 18 deposits deposit NNS 31023 532 19 from from IN 31023 532 20 the the DT 31023 532 21 exhaust exhaust NN 31023 532 22 would would MD 31023 532 23 not not RB 31023 532 24 be be VB 31023 532 25 noticed notice VBN 31023 532 26 . . . 31023 533 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 533 2 39 39 CD 31023 533 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 533 4 Since since IN 31023 533 5 the the DT 31023 533 6 passengers passenger NNS 31023 533 7 ' ' POS 31023 533 8 and and CC 31023 533 9 pilots pilot NNS 31023 533 10 ' ' POS 31023 533 11 compartments compartment NNS 31023 533 12 were be VBD 31023 533 13 generally generally RB 31023 533 14 located locate VBN 31023 533 15 behind behind IN 31023 533 16 the the DT 31023 533 17 engines engine NNS 31023 533 18 , , , 31023 533 19 and and CC 31023 533 20 were be VBD 31023 533 21 not not RB 31023 533 22 airtight airtight JJ 31023 533 23 , , , 31023 533 24 damage damage NN 31023 533 25 to to IN 31023 533 26 clothing clothing NN 31023 533 27 resulted result VBD 31023 533 28 . . . 31023 534 1 This this DT 31023 534 2 fault fault NN 31023 534 3 could could MD 31023 534 4 have have VB 31023 534 5 been be VBN 31023 534 6 eliminated eliminate VBN 31023 534 7 by by IN 31023 534 8 the the DT 31023 534 9 use use NN 31023 534 10 of of IN 31023 534 11 separate separate JJ 31023 534 12 valves valve NNS 31023 534 13 for for IN 31023 534 14 the the DT 31023 534 15 intake intake NN 31023 534 16 and and CC 31023 534 17 exhaust exhaust NN 31023 534 18 systems system NNS 31023 534 19 . . . 31023 535 1 It -PRON- PRP 31023 535 2 was be VBD 31023 535 3 not not RB 31023 535 4 possible possible JJ 31023 535 5 to to TO 31023 535 6 start start VB 31023 535 7 the the DT 31023 535 8 engine engine NN 31023 535 9 when when WRB 31023 535 10 the the DT 31023 535 11 temperature temperature NN 31023 535 12 dropped drop VBD 31023 535 13 much much RB 31023 535 14 below below IN 31023 535 15 32 32 CD 31023 535 16 ° ° , 31023 535 17 F F NNP 31023 535 18 unless unless IN 31023 535 19 glow glow JJ 31023 535 20 plugs plug NNS 31023 535 21 were be VBD 31023 535 22 used use VBN 31023 535 23 . . . 31023 536 1 These these DT 31023 536 2 spark spark NN 31023 536 3 - - HYPH 31023 536 4 plug plug NN 31023 536 5 - - HYPH 31023 536 6 like like JJ 31023 536 7 devices device NNS 31023 536 8 , , , 31023 536 9 which which WDT 31023 536 10 were be VBD 31023 536 11 only only RB 31023 536 12 used use VBN 31023 536 13 for for IN 31023 536 14 starting starting NN 31023 536 15 , , , 31023 536 16 had have VBD 31023 536 17 resistance resistance NN 31023 536 18 windings winding NNS 31023 536 19 which which WDT 31023 536 20 glowed glow VBD 31023 536 21 continuously continuously RB 31023 536 22 when when WRB 31023 536 23 turned turn VBN 31023 536 24 on on RP 31023 536 25 . . . 31023 537 1 The the DT 31023 537 2 additional additional JJ 31023 537 3 heat heat NN 31023 537 4 glow glow VBP 31023 537 5 plugs plug NNS 31023 537 6 provided provide VBD 31023 537 7 made make VBD 31023 537 8 starting start VBG 31023 537 9 an an DT 31023 537 10 easy easy JJ 31023 537 11 matter matter NN 31023 537 12 in in IN 31023 537 13 the the DT 31023 537 14 coldest cold JJS 31023 537 15 weather weather NN 31023 537 16 ; ; : 31023 537 17 however however RB 31023 537 18 , , , 31023 537 19 they -PRON- PRP 31023 537 20 complicated complicate VBD 31023 537 21 the the DT 31023 537 22 design design NN 31023 537 23 of of IN 31023 537 24 an an DT 31023 537 25 engine engine NN 31023 537 26 noted note VBN 31023 537 27 for for IN 31023 537 28 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 537 29 simplicity simplicity NN 31023 537 30 , , , 31023 537 31 and and CC 31023 537 32 they -PRON- PRP 31023 537 33 used use VBD 31023 537 34 so so RB 31023 537 35 much much JJ 31023 537 36 electricity electricity NN 31023 537 37 that that WDT 31023 537 38 only only RB 31023 537 39 a a DT 31023 537 40 long long JJ 31023 537 41 flight flight NN 31023 537 42 would would MD 31023 537 43 allow allow VB 31023 537 44 the the DT 31023 537 45 generator generator NN 31023 537 46 to to TO 31023 537 47 fully fully RB 31023 537 48 recharge recharge VB 31023 537 49 the the DT 31023 537 50 battery battery NN 31023 537 51 . . . 31023 538 1 H. H. NNP 31023 538 2 R. R. NNP 31023 538 3 Ricardo Ricardo NNP 31023 538 4 , , , 31023 538 5 writing write VBG 31023 538 6 in in IN 31023 538 7 the the DT 31023 538 8 June June NNP 31023 538 9 4 4 CD 31023 538 10 , , , 31023 538 11 1930 1930 CD 31023 538 12 , , , 31023 538 13 issue issue NN 31023 538 14 of of IN 31023 538 15 _ _ NNP 31023 538 16 The the DT 31023 538 17 Aeroplane Aeroplane NNP 31023 538 18 _ _ NNP 31023 538 19 said say VBD 31023 538 20 : : : 31023 538 21 " " `` 31023 538 22 Referring refer VBG 31023 538 23 to to IN 31023 538 24 the the DT 31023 538 25 very very RB 31023 538 26 fine fine JJ 31023 538 27 achievement achievement NN 31023 538 28 of of IN 31023 538 29 the the DT 31023 538 30 Packard Packard NNP 31023 538 31 Company Company NNP 31023 538 32 of of IN 31023 538 33 America America NNP 31023 538 34 in in IN 31023 538 35 producing produce VBG 31023 538 36 a a DT 31023 538 37 small small JJ 31023 538 38 radial radial JJ 31023 538 39 air air NN 31023 538 40 - - HYPH 31023 538 41 cooled cool VBN 31023 538 42 heavy heavy JJ 31023 538 43 - - HYPH 31023 538 44 oil oil NN 31023 538 45 engine engine NN 31023 538 46 , , , 31023 538 47 a a DT 31023 538 48 petrol petrol NN 31023 538 49 engine engine NN 31023 538 50 of of IN 31023 538 51 similar similar JJ 31023 538 52 design design NN 31023 538 53 and and CC 31023 538 54 with with IN 31023 538 55 the the DT 31023 538 56 same same JJ 31023 538 57 margin margin NN 31023 538 58 of of IN 31023 538 59 safety safety NN 31023 538 60 would would MD 31023 538 61 weigh weigh VB 31023 538 62 less less JJR 31023 538 63 than than IN 31023 538 64 1 1 CD 31023 538 65 - - HYPH 31023 538 66 1/2 1/2 CD 31023 538 67 lbs lbs NN 31023 538 68 . . . 31023 539 1 per per IN 31023 539 2 hp hp NNP 31023 539 3 . . . 31023 539 4 " " '' 31023 540 1 The the DT 31023 540 2 important important JJ 31023 540 3 point point NN 31023 540 4 made make VBN 31023 540 5 is be VBZ 31023 540 6 that that IN 31023 540 7 a a DT 31023 540 8 gasoline gasoline NN 31023 540 9 engine engine NN 31023 540 10 designed design VBN 31023 540 11 along along IN 31023 540 12 the the DT 31023 540 13 same same JJ 31023 540 14 lines line NNS 31023 540 15 as as IN 31023 540 16 the the DT 31023 540 17 Packard Packard NNP 31023 540 18 diesel diesel NN 31023 540 19 would would MD 31023 540 20 weigh weigh VB 31023 540 21 considerably considerably RB 31023 540 22 less less RBR 31023 540 23 , , , 31023 540 24 but but CC 31023 540 25 would would MD 31023 540 26 then then RB 31023 540 27 suffer suffer VB 31023 540 28 from from IN 31023 540 29 the the DT 31023 540 30 Packard Packard NNP 31023 540 31 's 's POS 31023 540 32 reduced reduce VBN 31023 540 33 structural structural JJ 31023 540 34 safety safety NN 31023 540 35 factor factor NN 31023 540 36 . . . 31023 541 1 It -PRON- PRP 31023 541 2 is be VBZ 31023 541 3 significant significant JJ 31023 541 4 that that IN 31023 541 5 as as IN 31023 541 6 the the DT 31023 541 7 Packard Packard NNP 31023 541 8 developed develop VBD 31023 541 9 , , , 31023 541 10 it -PRON- PRP 31023 541 11 became become VBD 31023 541 12 heavier heavy JJR 31023 541 13 . . . 31023 542 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 542 2 40 40 CD 31023 542 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 542 4 Like like IN 31023 542 5 other other JJ 31023 542 6 diesels diesel NNS 31023 542 7 , , , 31023 542 8 the the DT 31023 542 9 Packard Packard NNP 31023 542 10 cost cost NN 31023 542 11 more more JJR 31023 542 12 to to TO 31023 542 13 build build VB 31023 542 14 than than IN 31023 542 15 a a DT 31023 542 16 comparable comparable JJ 31023 542 17 gasoline gasoline NN 31023 542 18 engine engine NN 31023 542 19 , , , 31023 542 20 because because IN 31023 542 21 of of IN 31023 542 22 the the DT 31023 542 23 type type NN 31023 542 24 of of IN 31023 542 25 construction construction NN 31023 542 26 required require VBN 31023 542 27 for for IN 31023 542 28 the the DT 31023 542 29 diesel diesel NN 31023 542 30 's 's POS 31023 542 31 higher high JJR 31023 542 32 maximum maximum JJ 31023 542 33 cylinder cylinder NN 31023 542 34 pressures pressure NNS 31023 542 35 and and CC 31023 542 36 the the DT 31023 542 37 difficulty difficulty NN 31023 542 38 of of IN 31023 542 39 machining machine VBG 31023 542 40 the the DT 31023 542 41 fuel fuel NN 31023 542 42 injectors injector NNS 31023 542 43 . . . 31023 543 1 Having have VBG 31023 543 2 fuel fuel NN 31023 543 3 injectors injector NNS 31023 543 4 , , , 31023 543 5 the the DT 31023 543 6 engine engine NN 31023 543 7 was be VBD 31023 543 8 more more RBR 31023 543 9 sensitive sensitive JJ 31023 543 10 to to IN 31023 543 11 dirt dirt NN 31023 543 12 in in IN 31023 543 13 the the DT 31023 543 14 fuel fuel NN 31023 543 15 system system NN 31023 543 16 than than IN 31023 543 17 a a DT 31023 543 18 carburetor carburetor NN 31023 543 19 - - HYPH 31023 543 20 equipped equip VBN 31023 543 21 gasoline gasoline NN 31023 543 22 engine engine NN 31023 543 23 . . . 31023 544 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 544 2 41 41 CD 31023 544 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 544 4 The the DT 31023 544 5 fuel fuel NN 31023 544 6 injectors injector NNS 31023 544 7 were be VBD 31023 544 8 " " `` 31023 544 9 a a DT 31023 544 10 crude crude JJ 31023 544 11 and and CC 31023 544 12 deficient deficient JJ 31023 544 13 mechanism mechanism NN 31023 544 14 " " '' 31023 544 15 subject subject JJ 31023 544 16 to to IN 31023 544 17 rapid rapid JJ 31023 544 18 wear wear NN 31023 544 19 , , , 31023 544 20 and and CC 31023 544 21 often often RB 31023 544 22 these these DT 31023 544 23 injectors injector NNS 31023 544 24 caused cause VBD 31023 544 25 smoking smoking NN 31023 544 26 exhausts exhaust NNS 31023 544 27 and and CC 31023 544 28 high high JJ 31023 544 29 fuel fuel NN 31023 544 30 consumptions consumption NNS 31023 544 31 . . . 31023 545 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 545 2 42 42 CD 31023 545 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 545 4 In in IN 31023 545 5 the the DT 31023 545 6 event event NN 31023 545 7 of of IN 31023 545 8 battery battery NN 31023 545 9 or or CC 31023 545 10 starter starter NN 31023 545 11 failure failure NN 31023 545 12 , , , 31023 545 13 a a DT 31023 545 14 comparable comparable JJ 31023 545 15 gasoline gasoline NN 31023 545 16 engine engine NN 31023 545 17 could could MD 31023 545 18 be be VB 31023 545 19 started start VBN 31023 545 20 by by IN 31023 545 21 swinging swinge VBG 31023 545 22 the the DT 31023 545 23 propeller propeller NN 31023 545 24 . . . 31023 546 1 Because because IN 31023 546 2 of of IN 31023 546 3 the the DT 31023 546 4 engine engine NN 31023 546 5 's 's POS 31023 546 6 high high JJ 31023 546 7 compression compression NN 31023 546 8 , , , 31023 546 9 it -PRON- PRP 31023 546 10 would would MD 31023 546 11 have have VB 31023 546 12 been be VBN 31023 546 13 impossible impossible JJ 31023 546 14 to to TO 31023 546 15 have have VB 31023 546 16 hand hand NN 31023 546 17 - - , 31023 546 18 started start VBD 31023 546 19 a a DT 31023 546 20 Packard Packard NNP 31023 546 21 diesel diesel NN 31023 546 22 this this DT 31023 546 23 way way NN 31023 546 24 . . . 31023 547 1 In in IN 31023 547 2 a a DT 31023 547 3 letter letter NN 31023 547 4 to to IN 31023 547 5 the the DT 31023 547 6 Air Air NNP 31023 547 7 Museum Museum NNP 31023 547 8 , , , 31023 547 9 January January NNP 31023 547 10 15 15 CD 31023 547 11 , , , 31023 547 12 1962 1962 CD 31023 547 13 , , , 31023 547 14 Dorner Dorner NNP 31023 547 15 commented comment VBD 31023 547 16 : : : 31023 547 17 " " `` 31023 547 18 During during IN 31023 547 19 my -PRON- PRP$ 31023 547 20 first first JJ 31023 547 21 demonstration demonstration NN 31023 547 22 ( ( -LRB- 31023 547 23 of of IN 31023 547 24 high high JJ 31023 547 25 - - HYPH 31023 547 26 speed speed NN 31023 547 27 diesel diesel NN 31023 547 28 engines engine NNS 31023 547 29 ) ) -RRB- 31023 547 30 in in IN 31023 547 31 1926 1926 CD 31023 547 32 in in IN 31023 547 33 California California NNP 31023 547 34 and and CC 31023 547 35 later later RBR 31023 547 36 in in IN 31023 547 37 Detroit Detroit NNP 31023 547 38 I -PRON- PRP 31023 547 39 learned learn VBD 31023 547 40 from from IN 31023 547 41 Capt Capt NNP 31023 547 42 . . . 31023 548 1 Woolson woolson NN 31023 548 2 that that IN 31023 548 3 the the DT 31023 548 4 large large JJ 31023 548 5 transport transport NN 31023 548 6 airlines airline NNS 31023 548 7 were be VBD 31023 548 8 controlled control VBN 31023 548 9 by by IN 31023 548 10 oil oil NN 31023 548 11 companies company NNS 31023 548 12 which which WDT 31023 548 13 were be VBD 31023 548 14 not not RB 31023 548 15 interested interested JJ 31023 548 16 in in IN 31023 548 17 ( ( -LRB- 31023 548 18 supplying supply VBG 31023 548 19 ) ) -RRB- 31023 548 20 two two CD 31023 548 21 different different JJ 31023 548 22 kinds kind NNS 31023 548 23 of of IN 31023 548 24 aircraft aircraft NN 31023 548 25 fuel fuel NN 31023 548 26 , , , 31023 548 27 and and CC 31023 548 28 in in IN 31023 548 29 savings saving NNS 31023 548 30 of of IN 31023 548 31 fuel fuel NN 31023 548 32 . . . 31023 548 33 " " '' 31023 549 1 The the DT 31023 549 2 May May NNP 31023 549 3 issue issue NN 31023 549 4 of of IN 31023 549 5 _ _ NNP 31023 549 6 Aero Aero NNP 31023 549 7 Digest Digest NNP 31023 549 8 _ _ NNP 31023 549 9 had have VBD 31023 549 10 a a DT 31023 549 11 full full JJ 31023 549 12 - - HYPH 31023 549 13 page page NN 31023 549 14 illustrated illustrate VBN 31023 549 15 advertisement advertisement NN 31023 549 16 titled title VBN 31023 549 17 " " `` 31023 549 18 Announcing announce VBG 31023 549 19 National national JJ 31023 549 20 Distribution distribution NN 31023 549 21 for for IN 31023 549 22 Texaco Texaco NNP 31023 549 23 Aerodiesel Aerodiesel NNP 31023 549 24 Fuel Fuel NNP 31023 549 25 . . . 31023 549 26 " " '' 31023 550 1 Although although IN 31023 550 2 distribution distribution NN 31023 550 3 was be VBD 31023 550 4 limited limit VBN 31023 550 5 , , , 31023 550 6 the the DT 31023 550 7 American american JJ 31023 550 8 oil oil NN 31023 550 9 industry industry NN 31023 550 10 did do VBD 31023 550 11 not not RB 31023 550 12 prevent prevent VB 31023 550 13 the the DT 31023 550 14 airplane airplane NN 31023 550 15 diesel diesel NN 31023 550 16 from from IN 31023 550 17 becoming become VBG 31023 550 18 a a DT 31023 550 19 success success NN 31023 550 20 in in IN 31023 550 21 the the DT 31023 550 22 civil civil JJ 31023 550 23 market market NN 31023 550 24 . . . 31023 551 1 However however RB 31023 551 2 , , , 31023 551 3 it -PRON- PRP 31023 551 4 is be VBZ 31023 551 5 significant significant JJ 31023 551 6 that that IN 31023 551 7 the the DT 31023 551 8 advertisement advertisement NN 31023 551 9 was be VBD 31023 551 10 placed place VBN 31023 551 11 by by IN 31023 551 12 Frank Frank NNP 31023 551 13 Hawks Hawks NNP 31023 551 14 of of IN 31023 551 15 the the DT 31023 551 16 Texas Texas NNP 31023 551 17 Company Company NNP 31023 551 18 largely largely RB 31023 551 19 as as IN 31023 551 20 a a DT 31023 551 21 gesture gesture NN 31023 551 22 of of IN 31023 551 23 friendship friendship NN 31023 551 24 to to IN 31023 551 25 Woolson Woolson NNP 31023 551 26 . . . 31023 552 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 552 2 43 43 CD 31023 552 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 552 4 The the DT 31023 552 5 situation situation NN 31023 552 6 in in IN 31023 552 7 the the DT 31023 552 8 military military JJ 31023 552 9 market market NN 31023 552 10 was be VBD 31023 552 11 different different JJ 31023 552 12 , , , 31023 552 13 however however RB 31023 552 14 , , , 31023 552 15 as as IN 31023 552 16 testified testify VBN 31023 552 17 by by IN 31023 552 18 this this DT 31023 552 19 quotation quotation NN 31023 552 20 from from IN 31023 552 21 the the DT 31023 552 22 same same JJ 31023 552 23 letter letter NN 31023 552 24 . . . 31023 553 1 " " `` 31023 553 2 The the DT 31023 553 3 military military JJ 31023 553 4 administration administration NN 31023 553 5 , , , 31023 553 6 having have VBG 31023 553 7 paid pay VBN 31023 553 8 all all DT 31023 553 9 of of IN 31023 553 10 the the DT 31023 553 11 expenses expense NNS 31023 553 12 for for IN 31023 553 13 the the DT 31023 553 14 testing testing NN 31023 553 15 period period NN 31023 553 16 to to IN 31023 553 17 that that DT 31023 553 18 date date NN 31023 553 19 ( ( -LRB- 31023 553 20 1931 1931 CD 31023 553 21 ) ) -RRB- 31023 553 22 , , , 31023 553 23 came come VBD 31023 553 24 after after IN 31023 553 25 the the DT 31023 553 26 tests test NNS 31023 553 27 to to IN 31023 553 28 the the DT 31023 553 29 conclusion conclusion NN 31023 553 30 that that IN 31023 553 31 the the DT 31023 553 32 advantages advantage NNS 31023 553 33 of of IN 31023 553 34 the the DT 31023 553 35 diesel diesel NN 31023 553 36 as as IN 31023 553 37 compared compare VBN 31023 553 38 to to IN 31023 553 39 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 553 40 disadvantages disadvantage NNS 31023 553 41 did do VBD 31023 553 42 not not RB 31023 553 43 justify justify VB 31023 553 44 the the DT 31023 553 45 great great JJ 31023 553 46 risk risk NN 31023 553 47 to to TO 31023 553 48 procure procure VB 31023 553 49 and and CC 31023 553 50 distribute distribute VB 31023 553 51 two two CD 31023 553 52 different different JJ 31023 553 53 kinds kind NNS 31023 553 54 of of IN 31023 553 55 fuel fuel NN 31023 553 56 in in IN 31023 553 57 case case NN 31023 553 58 of of IN 31023 553 59 war war NN 31023 553 60 . . . 31023 553 61 " " '' 31023 554 1 Two two CD 31023 554 2 accidents accident NNS 31023 554 3 , , , 31023 554 4 which which WDT 31023 554 5 received receive VBD 31023 554 6 wide wide JJ 31023 554 7 publicity publicity NN 31023 554 8 and and CC 31023 554 9 no no RB 31023 554 10 doubt doubt RB 31023 554 11 did do VBD 31023 554 12 considerable considerable JJ 31023 554 13 harm harm NN 31023 554 14 to to IN 31023 554 15 the the DT 31023 554 16 entire entire JJ 31023 554 17 project project NN 31023 554 18 , , , 31023 554 19 occurred occur VBD 31023 554 20 to to IN 31023 554 21 Packard Packard NNP 31023 554 22 diesel diesel NN 31023 554 23 - - HYPH 31023 554 24 powered power VBN 31023 554 25 airplanes airplane NNS 31023 554 26 . . . 31023 555 1 The the DT 31023 555 2 following following JJ 31023 555 3 quotation quotation NN 31023 555 4 is be VBZ 31023 555 5 from from IN 31023 555 6 the the DT 31023 555 7 _ _ NNP 31023 555 8 Herald Herald NNP 31023 555 9 Tribune Tribune NNP 31023 555 10 _ _ NNP 31023 555 11 for for IN 31023 555 12 April April NNP 31023 555 13 23 23 CD 31023 555 14 , , , 31023 555 15 1930 1930 CD 31023 555 16 : : : 31023 555 17 " " `` 31023 555 18 Attica Attica NNP 31023 555 19 , , , 31023 555 20 New New NNP 31023 555 21 York York NNP 31023 555 22 -- -- : 31023 555 23 Losing lose VBG 31023 555 24 their -PRON- PRP$ 31023 555 25 bearings bearing NNS 31023 555 26 in in IN 31023 555 27 a a DT 31023 555 28 blinding blind VBG 31023 555 29 snowstorm snowstorm NN 31023 555 30 and and CC 31023 555 31 mistaking mistake VBG 31023 555 32 the the DT 31023 555 33 side side NN 31023 555 34 of of IN 31023 555 35 a a DT 31023 555 36 snow snow NN 31023 555 37 - - HYPH 31023 555 38 covered cover VBN 31023 555 39 hill hill NN 31023 555 40 for for IN 31023 555 41 a a DT 31023 555 42 suitable suitable JJ 31023 555 43 landing landing NN 31023 555 44 place place NN 31023 555 45 , , , 31023 555 46 three three CD 31023 555 47 men man NNS 31023 555 48 , , , 31023 555 49 one one CD 31023 555 50 of of IN 31023 555 51 them -PRON- PRP 31023 555 52 Capt Capt NNP 31023 555 53 . . . 31023 556 1 Lionel Lionel NNP 31023 556 2 M. M. NNP 31023 556 3 Woolson Woolson NNP 31023 556 4 , , , 31023 556 5 aeronautical aeronautical JJ 31023 556 6 engineer engineer NN 31023 556 7 for for IN 31023 556 8 the the DT 31023 556 9 Packard Packard NNP 31023 556 10 Motor Motor NNP 31023 556 11 Company Company NNP 31023 556 12 and and CC 31023 556 13 adapter adapter NN 31023 556 14 of of IN 31023 556 15 the the DT 31023 556 16 diesel diesel NN 31023 556 17 engine engine NN 31023 556 18 to to IN 31023 556 19 airplanes airplane NNS 31023 556 20 , , , 31023 556 21 were be VBD 31023 556 22 killed kill VBN 31023 556 23 here here RB 31023 556 24 today today NN 31023 556 25 . . . 31023 556 26 " " '' 31023 557 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 557 2 Illustration illustration NN 31023 557 3 : : : 31023 557 4 Figure figure VB 31023 557 5 37.--Interior 37.--interior CD 31023 557 6 of of IN 31023 557 7 Bellanca Bellanca NNP 31023 557 8 , , , 31023 557 9 showing show VBG 31023 557 10 Parker Parker NNP 31023 557 11 D. D. NNP 31023 557 12 Cramer Cramer NNP 31023 557 13 , , , 31023 557 14 pilot pilot NN 31023 557 15 ( ( -LRB- 31023 557 16 left left RB 31023 557 17 ) ) -RRB- 31023 557 18 , , , 31023 557 19 and and CC 31023 557 20 Oliver Oliver NNP 31023 557 21 L. L. NNP 31023 557 22 Paquette Paquette NNP 31023 557 23 , , , 31023 557 24 radio radio NN 31023 557 25 operator operator NN 31023 557 26 , , , 31023 557 27 just just RB 31023 557 28 before before IN 31023 557 29 taking take VBG 31023 557 30 off off RP 31023 557 31 from from IN 31023 557 32 Detroit Detroit NNP 31023 557 33 , , , 31023 557 34 Michigan Michigan NNP 31023 557 35 , , , 31023 557 36 on on IN 31023 557 37 July July NNP 31023 557 38 28 28 CD 31023 557 39 , , , 31023 557 40 1931 1931 CD 31023 557 41 . . . 31023 558 1 ( ( -LRB- 31023 558 2 Smithsonian smithsonian JJ 31023 558 3 photo photo NN 31023 558 4 A202 a202 CD 31023 558 5 . . . 31023 558 6 ) ) -RRB- 31023 558 7 ] ] -RRB- 31023 559 1 The the DT 31023 559 2 second second JJ 31023 559 3 of of IN 31023 559 4 these these DT 31023 559 5 accidents accident NNS 31023 559 6 is be VBZ 31023 559 7 described describe VBN 31023 559 8 in in IN 31023 559 9 the the DT 31023 559 10 September September NNP 31023 559 11 1931 1931 CD 31023 559 12 issue issue NN 31023 559 13 of of IN 31023 559 14 _ _ NNP 31023 559 15 U.S. U.S. NNP 31023 560 1 Air Air NNP 31023 560 2 Services Services NNP 31023 560 3 _ _ NNP 31023 560 4 : : : 31023 560 5 Columbus Columbus NNP 31023 560 6 wanted want VBD 31023 560 7 to to TO 31023 560 8 sail sail VB 31023 560 9 west west RB 31023 560 10 beyond beyond IN 31023 560 11 the the DT 31023 560 12 limits limit NNS 31023 560 13 set set VBN 31023 560 14 by by IN 31023 560 15 the the DT 31023 560 16 learned learn VBN 31023 560 17 navigators navigator NNS 31023 560 18 of of IN 31023 560 19 his -PRON- PRP$ 31023 560 20 time time NN 31023 560 21 , , , 31023 560 22 and and CC 31023 560 23 in in IN 31023 560 24 much much RB 31023 560 25 the the DT 31023 560 26 same same JJ 31023 560 27 consuming consuming NN 31023 560 28 fashion fashion NN 31023 560 29 Parker Parker NNP 31023 560 30 D. D. NNP 31023 560 31 Cramer Cramer NNP 31023 560 32 wanted want VBD 31023 560 33 to to TO 31023 560 34 show show VB 31023 560 35 his -PRON- PRP$ 31023 560 36 generation generation NN 31023 560 37 and and CC 31023 560 38 posterity posterity NN 31023 560 39 that that IN 31023 560 40 a a DT 31023 560 41 subarctic subarctic JJ 31023 560 42 air air NN 31023 560 43 route route NN 31023 560 44 to to IN 31023 560 45 Europe Europe NNP 31023 560 46 via via IN 31023 560 47 Canada Canada NNP 31023 560 48 , , , 31023 560 49 Greenland Greenland NNP 31023 560 50 , , , 31023 560 51 Iceland Iceland NNP 31023 560 52 , , , 31023 560 53 Norway Norway NNP 31023 560 54 , , , 31023 560 55 and and CC 31023 560 56 Denmark Denmark NNP 31023 560 57 was be VBD 31023 560 58 feasible feasible JJ 31023 560 59 .... .... . 31023 560 60 On on IN 31023 560 61 July July NNP 31023 560 62 27 27 CD 31023 560 63 , , , 31023 560 64 without without IN 31023 560 65 any any DT 31023 560 66 preliminary preliminary JJ 31023 560 67 announcement announcement NN 31023 560 68 , , , 31023 560 69 Cramer Cramer NNP 31023 560 70 left leave VBD 31023 560 71 Detroit Detroit NNP 31023 560 72 in in IN 31023 560 73 a a DT 31023 560 74 Diesel diesel NN 31023 560 75 - - HYPH 31023 560 76 engined engine VBN 31023 560 77 Bellanca Bellanca NNP 31023 560 78 , , , 31023 560 79 and and CC 31023 560 80 following follow VBG 31023 560 81 the the DT 31023 560 82 course course NN 31023 560 83 he -PRON- PRP 31023 560 84 took take VBD 31023 560 85 with with IN 31023 560 86 Bert Bert NNP 31023 560 87 Hassel Hassel NNP 31023 560 88 three three CD 31023 560 89 years year NNS 31023 560 90 ago ago RB 31023 560 91 , , , 31023 560 92 he -PRON- PRP 31023 560 93 flew fly VBD 31023 560 94 first first RB 31023 560 95 to to IN 31023 560 96 Cochrane Cochrane NNP 31023 560 97 , , , 31023 560 98 on on IN 31023 560 99 Hudson Hudson NNP 31023 560 100 Bay Bay NNP 31023 560 101 . . . 31023 561 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 31023 561 2 next next JJ 31023 561 3 stop stop NN 31023 561 4 was be VBD 31023 561 5 Great Great NNP 31023 561 6 Whales Whales NNPS 31023 561 7 and and CC 31023 561 8 then then RB 31023 561 9 Wakeham Wakeham NNP 31023 561 10 Bay Bay NNP 31023 561 11 . . . 31023 562 1 From from IN 31023 562 2 there there RB 31023 562 3 he -PRON- PRP 31023 562 4 flew fly VBD 31023 562 5 to to IN 31023 562 6 Pangnirtum Pangnirtum NNP 31023 562 7 , , , 31023 562 8 Baffin Baffin NNP 31023 562 9 Land Land NNP 31023 562 10 , , , 31023 562 11 and and CC 31023 562 12 across across IN 31023 562 13 the the DT 31023 562 14 Hudson Hudson NNP 31023 562 15 Straits Straits NNPS 31023 562 16 to to IN 31023 562 17 Holsteinborg Holsteinborg NNP 31023 562 18 , , , 31023 562 19 Greenland Greenland NNP 31023 562 20 . . . 31023 563 1 He -PRON- PRP 31023 563 2 crossed cross VBD 31023 563 3 the the DT 31023 563 4 icecap icecap NN 31023 563 5 at at IN 31023 563 6 a a DT 31023 563 7 point point NN 31023 563 8 farther far RBR 31023 563 9 north north RB 31023 563 10 than than IN 31023 563 11 the the DT 31023 563 12 routes route NNS 31023 563 13 that that WDT 31023 563 14 have have VBP 31023 563 15 been be VBN 31023 563 16 discussed discuss VBN 31023 563 17 heretofore heretofore RB 31023 563 18 , , , 31023 563 19 but but CC 31023 563 20 almost almost RB 31023 563 21 on on IN 31023 563 22 the the DT 31023 563 23 most most RBS 31023 563 24 direct direct JJ 31023 563 25 or or CC 31023 563 26 Great Great NNP 31023 563 27 Circle Circle NNP 31023 563 28 route route NN 31023 563 29 from from IN 31023 563 30 Detroit Detroit NNP 31023 563 31 to to IN 31023 563 32 Copenhagen Copenhagen NNP 31023 563 33 . . . 31023 564 1 He -PRON- PRP 31023 564 2 was be VBD 31023 564 3 accompanied accompany VBN 31023 564 4 by by IN 31023 564 5 Oliver Oliver NNP 31023 564 6 Paquette Paquette NNP 31023 564 7 , , , 31023 564 8 radio radio NN 31023 564 9 operator operator NN 31023 564 10 . . . 31023 565 1 They -PRON- PRP 31023 565 2 were be VBD 31023 565 3 on on IN 31023 565 4 their -PRON- PRP$ 31023 565 5 way way NN 31023 565 6 more more JJR 31023 565 7 than than IN 31023 565 8 a a DT 31023 565 9 week week NN 31023 565 10 before before IN 31023 565 11 they -PRON- PRP 31023 565 12 were be VBD 31023 565 13 discovered discover VBN 31023 565 14 . . . 31023 566 1 To to IN 31023 566 2 Iceland Iceland NNP 31023 566 3 , , , 31023 566 4 to to IN 31023 566 5 the the DT 31023 566 6 Faroe Faroe NNP 31023 566 7 Islands Islands NNPS 31023 566 8 , , , 31023 566 9 to to IN 31023 566 10 the the DT 31023 566 11 Shetlands Shetlands NNPS 31023 566 12 . . . 31023 567 1 They -PRON- PRP 31023 567 2 were be VBD 31023 567 3 taxiing taxi VBG 31023 567 4 across across IN 31023 567 5 the the DT 31023 567 6 little little JJ 31023 567 7 harbor harbor NN 31023 567 8 of of IN 31023 567 9 Lerwick Lerwick NNP 31023 567 10 , , , 31023 567 11 Shetland Shetland NNP 31023 567 12 Islands Islands NNP 31023 567 13 , , , 31023 567 14 when when WRB 31023 567 15 a a DT 31023 567 16 messenger messenger NN 31023 567 17 from from IN 31023 567 18 the the DT 31023 567 19 bank bank NN 31023 567 20 waved wave VBD 31023 567 21 a a DT 31023 567 22 yellow yellow JJ 31023 567 23 paper paper NN 31023 567 24 . . . 31023 568 1 It -PRON- PRP 31023 568 2 was be VBD 31023 568 3 a a DT 31023 568 4 warning warning NN 31023 568 5 of of IN 31023 568 6 gales gale NNS 31023 568 7 on on IN 31023 568 8 the the DT 31023 568 9 coast coast NN 31023 568 10 east east NNP 31023 568 11 to to IN 31023 568 12 Copenhagen Copenhagen NNP 31023 568 13 . . . 31023 569 1 Cramer Cramer NNP 31023 569 2 apparently apparently RB 31023 569 3 thought think VBD 31023 569 4 it -PRON- PRP 31023 569 5 was be VBD 31023 569 6 an an DT 31023 569 7 enthusiastic enthusiastic JJ 31023 569 8 bon bon FW 31023 569 9 voyage voyage NN 31023 569 10 , , , 31023 569 11 and and CC 31023 569 12 , , , 31023 569 13 after after IN 31023 569 14 circling circle VBG 31023 569 15 the the DT 31023 569 16 town town NN 31023 569 17 , , , 31023 569 18 flew fly VBD 31023 569 19 away away RB 31023 569 20 . . . 31023 570 1 A a DT 31023 570 2 Swedish swedish JJ 31023 570 3 radio radio NN 31023 570 4 station station NN 31023 570 5 reported report VBD 31023 570 6 a a DT 31023 570 7 faint faint JJ 31023 570 8 " " `` 31023 570 9 Hello hello UH 31023 570 10 , , , 31023 570 11 Hello hello UH 31023 570 12 , , , 31023 570 13 Hello hello UH 31023 570 14 " " '' 31023 570 15 in in IN 31023 570 16 English English NNP 31023 570 17 , , , 31023 570 18 but but CC 31023 570 19 the the DT 31023 570 20 plane plane NN 31023 570 21 was be VBD 31023 570 22 not not RB 31023 570 23 seen see VBN 31023 570 24 again again RB 31023 570 25 . . . 31023 571 1 As as IN 31023 571 2 the the DT 31023 571 3 result result NN 31023 571 4 of of IN 31023 571 5 a a DT 31023 571 6 personal personal JJ 31023 571 7 conversation conversation NN 31023 571 8 with with IN 31023 571 9 his -PRON- PRP$ 31023 571 10 brother brother NN 31023 571 11 , , , 31023 571 12 William William NNP 31023 571 13 A. A. NNP 31023 571 14 Cramer Cramer NNP 31023 571 15 , , , 31023 571 16 in in IN 31023 571 17 1964 1964 CD 31023 571 18 , , , 31023 571 19 the the DT 31023 571 20 author author NN 31023 571 21 learned learn VBD 31023 571 22 that that IN 31023 571 23 the the DT 31023 571 24 fuselage fuselage NN 31023 571 25 and and CC 31023 571 26 floats float NNS 31023 571 27 of of IN 31023 571 28 the the DT 31023 571 29 airplane airplane NN 31023 571 30 were be VBD 31023 571 31 found find VBN 31023 571 32 six six CD 31023 571 33 weeks week NNS 31023 571 34 later later RB 31023 571 35 . . . 31023 572 1 Since since IN 31023 572 2 there there EX 31023 572 3 was be VBD 31023 572 4 no no DT 31023 572 5 indication indication NN 31023 572 6 of of IN 31023 572 7 a a DT 31023 572 8 heavy heavy JJ 31023 572 9 impact impact NN 31023 572 10 ( ( -LRB- 31023 572 11 not not RB 31023 572 12 a a DT 31023 572 13 single single JJ 31023 572 14 glass glass NN 31023 572 15 dial dial NN 31023 572 16 on on IN 31023 572 17 the the DT 31023 572 18 instrument instrument NN 31023 572 19 panel panel NN 31023 572 20 was be VBD 31023 572 21 broken break VBN 31023 572 22 ) ) -RRB- 31023 572 23 , , , 31023 572 24 a a DT 31023 572 25 successful successful JJ 31023 572 26 landing landing NN 31023 572 27 must must MD 31023 572 28 have have VB 31023 572 29 been be VBN 31023 572 30 made make VBN 31023 572 31 . . . 31023 573 1 Several several JJ 31023 573 2 weeks week NNS 31023 573 3 later later RB 31023 573 4 , , , 31023 573 5 a a DT 31023 573 6 package package NN 31023 573 7 was be VBD 31023 573 8 found find VBN 31023 573 9 wrapped wrap VBN 31023 573 10 in in IN 31023 573 11 a a DT 31023 573 12 torn tear VBN 31023 573 13 oilskin oilskin NN 31023 573 14 containing contain VBG 31023 573 15 instruments instrument NNS 31023 573 16 , , , 31023 573 17 maps map NNS 31023 573 18 , , , 31023 573 19 and and CC 31023 573 20 a a DT 31023 573 21 personal personal JJ 31023 573 22 letter letter NN 31023 573 23 , , , 31023 573 24 all all DT 31023 573 25 substantiating substantiate VBG 31023 573 26 the the DT 31023 573 27 evidence evidence NN 31023 573 28 that that IN 31023 573 29 the the DT 31023 573 30 landing landing NN 31023 573 31 was be VBD 31023 573 32 successful successful JJ 31023 573 33 . . . 31023 574 1 It -PRON- PRP 31023 574 2 can can MD 31023 574 3 only only RB 31023 574 4 be be VB 31023 574 5 surmised surmise VBN 31023 574 6 that that IN 31023 574 7 there there EX 31023 574 8 was be VBD 31023 574 9 engine engine NN 31023 574 10 failure failure NN 31023 574 11 , , , 31023 574 12 probably probably RB 31023 574 13 due due IN 31023 574 14 to to IN 31023 574 15 a a DT 31023 574 16 clogged clog VBN 31023 574 17 oil oil NN 31023 574 18 filter filter NN 31023 574 19 . . . 31023 575 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 575 2 44 44 CD 31023 575 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 575 4 Once once RB 31023 575 5 before before RB 31023 575 6 during during IN 31023 575 7 the the DT 31023 575 8 trip trip NN 31023 575 9 a a DT 31023 575 10 forced force VBN 31023 575 11 landing landing NN 31023 575 12 had have VBD 31023 575 13 been be VBN 31023 575 14 made make VBN 31023 575 15 due due JJ 31023 575 16 to to IN 31023 575 17 engine engine NN 31023 575 18 malfunctioning malfunctioning NN 31023 575 19 , , , 31023 575 20 and and CC 31023 575 21 a a DT 31023 575 22 successful successful JJ 31023 575 23 takeoff takeoff NN 31023 575 24 was be VBD 31023 575 25 accomplished accomplish VBN 31023 575 26 in in IN 31023 575 27 spite spite NN 31023 575 28 of of IN 31023 575 29 a a DT 31023 575 30 moderately moderately RB 31023 575 31 rough rough JJ 31023 575 32 sea sea NN 31023 575 33 . . . 31023 576 1 This this DT 31023 576 2 time time NN 31023 576 3 , , , 31023 576 4 however however RB 31023 576 5 , , , 31023 576 6 storm storm NN 31023 576 7 conditions condition NNS 31023 576 8 probably probably RB 31023 576 9 made make VBD 31023 576 10 the the DT 31023 576 11 takeoff takeoff NN 31023 576 12 impossible impossible JJ 31023 576 13 . . . 31023 577 1 As as IN 31023 577 2 a a DT 31023 577 3 final final JJ 31023 577 4 summary summary NN 31023 577 5 of of IN 31023 577 6 the the DT 31023 577 7 author author NN 31023 577 8 's 's POS 31023 577 9 analysis analysis NN 31023 577 10 of of IN 31023 577 11 the the DT 31023 577 12 Packard Packard NNP 31023 577 13 diesel diesel NN 31023 577 14 engine engine NN 31023 577 15 , , , 31023 577 16 it -PRON- PRP 31023 577 17 must must MD 31023 577 18 be be VB 31023 577 19 emphasized emphasize VBN 31023 577 20 that that IN 31023 577 21 although although IN 31023 577 22 the the DT 31023 577 23 engine engine NN 31023 577 24 burned burn VBD 31023 577 25 a a DT 31023 577 26 much much RB 31023 577 27 cheaper cheap JJR 31023 577 28 and and CC 31023 577 29 safer safe JJR 31023 577 30 fuel fuel NN 31023 577 31 more more RBR 31023 577 32 efficiently efficiently RB 31023 577 33 than than IN 31023 577 34 any any DT 31023 577 35 of of IN 31023 577 36 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 577 37 gasoline gasoline NN 31023 577 38 rivals rival NNS 31023 577 39 , , , 31023 577 40 it -PRON- PRP 31023 577 41 was be VBD 31023 577 42 too too RB 31023 577 43 unreliable unreliable JJ 31023 577 44 to to TO 31023 577 45 compete compete VB 31023 577 46 with with IN 31023 577 47 them -PRON- PRP 31023 577 48 . . . 31023 578 1 Even even RB 31023 578 2 if if IN 31023 578 3 it -PRON- PRP 31023 578 4 had have VBD 31023 578 5 been be VBN 31023 578 6 reliable reliable JJ 31023 578 7 , , , 31023 578 8 it -PRON- PRP 31023 578 9 was be VBD 31023 578 10 too too RB 31023 578 11 small small JJ 31023 578 12 to to TO 31023 578 13 be be VB 31023 578 14 useful useful JJ 31023 578 15 to to IN 31023 578 16 the the DT 31023 578 17 large large JJ 31023 578 18 transport transport NN 31023 578 19 operators operator NNS 31023 578 20 , , , 31023 578 21 to to TO 31023 578 22 whom whom WP 31023 578 23 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 578 24 fuel fuel NN 31023 578 25 economy economy NN 31023 578 26 would would MD 31023 578 27 have have VB 31023 578 28 appealed appeal VBN 31023 578 29 . . . 31023 579 1 In in IN 31023 579 2 addition addition NN 31023 579 3 , , , 31023 579 4 this this DT 31023 579 5 mechanism mechanism NN 31023 579 6 operated operate VBD 31023 579 7 on on IN 31023 579 8 the the DT 31023 579 9 wrong wrong JJ 31023 579 10 cycle cycle NN 31023 579 11 : : : 31023 579 12 4-stroke 4-stroke CD 31023 579 13 , , , 31023 579 14 rather rather RB 31023 579 15 than than IN 31023 579 16 the the DT 31023 579 17 lighter light JJR 31023 579 18 , , , 31023 579 19 more more RBR 31023 579 20 compact compact JJ 31023 579 21 , , , 31023 579 22 and and CC 31023 579 23 more more RBR 31023 579 24 efficient efficient JJ 31023 579 25 blown blow VBN 31023 579 26 2-stroke 2-stroke CD 31023 579 27 cycle cycle NN 31023 579 28 . . . 31023 580 1 Lastly lastly RB 31023 580 2 , , , 31023 580 3 it -PRON- PRP 31023 580 4 was be VBD 31023 580 5 doomed doom VBN 31023 580 6 by by IN 31023 580 7 the the DT 31023 580 8 advent advent NN 31023 580 9 of of IN 31023 580 10 high high JJ 31023 580 11 octane octane NN 31023 580 12 gasolines gasoline NNS 31023 580 13 , , , 31023 580 14 first first RB 31023 580 15 used use VBN 31023 580 16 while while IN 31023 580 17 it -PRON- PRP 31023 580 18 was be VBD 31023 580 19 still still RB 31023 580 20 in in IN 31023 580 21 the the DT 31023 580 22 development development NN 31023 580 23 stage stage NN 31023 580 24 . . . 31023 581 1 These these DT 31023 581 2 new new JJ 31023 581 3 fuels fuel NNS 31023 581 4 reduced reduce VBD 31023 581 5 the the DT 31023 581 6 diesel diesel NN 31023 581 7 's 's POS 31023 581 8 advantage advantage NN 31023 581 9 resulting result VBG 31023 581 10 from from IN 31023 581 11 low low JJ 31023 581 12 fuel fuel NN 31023 581 13 consumption consumption NN 31023 581 14 , , , 31023 581 15 and and CC 31023 581 16 , , , 31023 581 17 in in IN 31023 581 18 addition addition NN 31023 581 19 , , , 31023 581 20 gave give VBD 31023 581 21 the the DT 31023 581 22 gasoline gasoline NN 31023 581 23 engine engine NN 31023 581 24 a a DT 31023 581 25 definite definite JJ 31023 581 26 advantage advantage NN 31023 581 27 from from IN 31023 581 28 the the DT 31023 581 29 standpoint standpoint NN 31023 581 30 of of IN 31023 581 31 performance performance NN 31023 581 32 . . . 31023 582 1 The the DT 31023 582 2 Packard Packard NNP 31023 582 3 diesel diesel NN 31023 582 4 was be VBD 31023 582 5 a a DT 31023 582 6 daring daring JJ 31023 582 7 design design NN 31023 582 8 but but CC 31023 582 9 , , , 31023 582 10 for for IN 31023 582 11 the the DT 31023 582 12 reasons reason NNS 31023 582 13 analyzed analyze VBN 31023 582 14 in in IN 31023 582 15 this this DT 31023 582 16 chapter chapter NN 31023 582 17 , , , 31023 582 18 it -PRON- PRP 31023 582 19 could could MD 31023 582 20 not not RB 31023 582 21 meet meet VB 31023 582 22 this this DT 31023 582 23 competition competition NN 31023 582 24 , , , 31023 582 25 and and CC 31023 582 26 therefore therefore RB 31023 582 27 failed fail VBD 31023 582 28 to to TO 31023 582 29 survive survive VB 31023 582 30 . . . 31023 583 1 Appendix Appendix NNP 31023 583 2 1 1 CD 31023 583 3 . . . 31023 584 1 Agreement agreement NN 31023 584 2 between between IN 31023 584 3 Hermann Hermann NNP 31023 584 4 I. I. NNP 31023 585 1 A. A. NNP 31023 585 2 Dorner Dorner NNP 31023 585 3 and and CC 31023 585 4 Packard Packard NNP 31023 585 5 Motor Motor NNP 31023 585 6 Car Car NNP 31023 585 7 Company Company NNP 31023 585 8 THIS THIS NNP 31023 585 9 AGREEMENT AGREEMENT NNP 31023 585 10 made make VBD 31023 585 11 this this DT 31023 585 12 18th 18th JJ 31023 585 13 day day NN 31023 585 14 of of IN 31023 585 15 August August NNP 31023 585 16 1927 1927 CD 31023 585 17 , , , 31023 585 18 by by IN 31023 585 19 and and CC 31023 585 20 between between IN 31023 585 21 HERMANN HERMANN NNP 31023 585 22 DORNER dorner NN 31023 585 23 , , , 31023 585 24 of of IN 31023 585 25 Hanover Hanover NNP 31023 585 26 , , , 31023 585 27 Germany Germany NNP 31023 585 28 , , , 31023 585 29 hereinafter hereinafter NN 31023 585 30 referred refer VBD 31023 585 31 to to IN 31023 585 32 as as IN 31023 585 33 " " `` 31023 585 34 Licensor Licensor NNP 31023 585 35 " " '' 31023 585 36 , , , 31023 585 37 and and CC 31023 585 38 PACKARD PACKARD NNP 31023 585 39 MOTOR MOTOR NNP 31023 585 40 CAR CAR NNP 31023 585 41 COMPANY COMPANY NNP 31023 585 42 , , , 31023 585 43 a a DT 31023 585 44 Corporation Corporation NNP 31023 585 45 of of IN 31023 585 46 the the DT 31023 585 47 State State NNP 31023 585 48 of of IN 31023 585 49 Michigan Michigan NNP 31023 585 50 , , , 31023 585 51 United United NNP 31023 585 52 States States NNP 31023 585 53 of of IN 31023 585 54 America America NNP 31023 585 55 , , , 31023 585 56 of of IN 31023 585 57 Detroit Detroit NNP 31023 585 58 , , , 31023 585 59 Michigan Michigan NNP 31023 585 60 , , , 31023 585 61 hereinafter hereinafter NN 31023 585 62 referred refer VBD 31023 585 63 to to IN 31023 585 64 as as IN 31023 585 65 " " `` 31023 585 66 Licensee Licensee NNP 31023 585 67 " " '' 31023 585 68 ; ; : 31023 585 69 WITNESSETH WITNESSETH NNP 31023 585 70 , , , 31023 585 71 that that IN 31023 585 72 WHEREAS WHEREAS NNP 31023 585 73 , , , 31023 585 74 Licensor Licensor NNP 31023 585 75 owns own VBZ 31023 585 76 certain certain JJ 31023 585 77 Letters Letters NNPS 31023 585 78 Patent Patent NNP 31023 585 79 of of IN 31023 585 80 the the DT 31023 585 81 United United NNP 31023 585 82 States States NNP 31023 585 83 and and CC 31023 585 84 other other JJ 31023 585 85 countries country NNS 31023 585 86 relating relate VBG 31023 585 87 to to IN 31023 585 88 oil oil NN 31023 585 89 burning burn VBG 31023 585 90 engines engine NNS 31023 585 91 under under IN 31023 585 92 which which WDT 31023 585 93 he -PRON- PRP 31023 585 94 desires desire VBZ 31023 585 95 to to TO 31023 585 96 license license VB 31023 585 97 the the DT 31023 585 98 Licensee Licensee NNP 31023 585 99 ; ; : 31023 585 100 WHEREAS WHEREAS NNP 31023 585 101 , , , 31023 585 102 Licensee Licensee NNP 31023 585 103 desires desire VBZ 31023 585 104 rights right NNS 31023 585 105 under under IN 31023 585 106 said say VBD 31023 585 107 Letters Letters NNPS 31023 585 108 Patent Patent NNP 31023 585 109 ; ; : 31023 585 110 NOW now RB 31023 585 111 , , , 31023 585 112 THEREFORE THEREFORE NNP 31023 585 113 , , , 31023 585 114 for for IN 31023 585 115 the the DT 31023 585 116 mutual mutual JJ 31023 585 117 considerations consideration NNS 31023 585 118 hereinafter hereinafter NN 31023 585 119 set set VBD 31023 585 120 forth forth RB 31023 585 121 , , , 31023 585 122 the the DT 31023 585 123 parties party NNS 31023 585 124 have have VBP 31023 585 125 agreed agree VBN 31023 585 126 as as IN 31023 585 127 follows follow VBZ 31023 585 128 : : : 31023 585 129 1 1 CD 31023 585 130 . . . 31023 586 1 Licensor licensor NN 31023 586 2 warrants warrant NNS 31023 586 3 that that IN 31023 586 4 he -PRON- PRP 31023 586 5 is be VBZ 31023 586 6 the the DT 31023 586 7 inventor inventor NN 31023 586 8 of of IN 31023 586 9 an an DT 31023 586 10 oil oil NN 31023 586 11 burning burn VBG 31023 586 12 engine engine NN 31023 586 13 , , , 31023 586 14 is be VBZ 31023 586 15 the the DT 31023 586 16 sole sole JJ 31023 586 17 owner owner NN 31023 586 18 of of IN 31023 586 19 United United NNP 31023 586 20 States States NNP 31023 586 21 patent patent NN 31023 586 22 Number Number NNP 31023 586 23 1,628,657 1,628,657 CD 31023 586 24 , , , 31023 586 25 dated date VBN 31023 586 26 May May NNP 31023 586 27 17 17 CD 31023 586 28 , , , 31023 586 29 1927 1927 CD 31023 586 30 , , , 31023 586 31 and and CC 31023 586 32 United United NNP 31023 586 33 States States NNP 31023 586 34 patent patent NN 31023 586 35 applications application NNS 31023 586 36 , , , 31023 586 37 Serial Serial NNP 31023 586 38 Numbers Numbers NNPS 31023 586 39 46,383 46,383 CD 31023 586 40 filed file VBD 31023 586 41 July July NNP 31023 586 42 27 27 CD 31023 586 43 , , , 31023 586 44 1925 1925 CD 31023 586 45 , , , 31023 586 46 and and CC 31023 586 47 88,409 88,409 CD 31023 586 48 and and CC 31023 586 49 88,411 88,411 CD 31023 586 50 , , , 31023 586 51 filed file VBD 31023 586 52 February February NNP 31023 586 53 15 15 CD 31023 586 54 , , , 31023 586 55 1926 1926 CD 31023 586 56 , , , 31023 586 57 relating relate VBG 31023 586 58 to to IN 31023 586 59 such such JJ 31023 586 60 engines engine NNS 31023 586 61 and and CC 31023 586 62 is be VBZ 31023 586 63 joint joint JJ 31023 586 64 or or CC 31023 586 65 sole sole JJ 31023 586 66 owner owner NN 31023 586 67 of of IN 31023 586 68 patents patent NNS 31023 586 69 or or CC 31023 586 70 patent patent NN 31023 586 71 rights right NNS 31023 586 72 relating relate VBG 31023 586 73 to to IN 31023 586 74 said said JJ 31023 586 75 engines engine NNS 31023 586 76 in in IN 31023 586 77 England England NNP 31023 586 78 , , , 31023 586 79 Germany Germany NNP 31023 586 80 and and CC 31023 586 81 Sweden Sweden NNP 31023 586 82 . . . 31023 587 1 2 2 LS 31023 587 2 . . . 31023 588 1 Licensor Licensor NNP 31023 588 2 agrees agree VBZ 31023 588 3 to to TO 31023 588 4 furnish furnish VB 31023 588 5 the the DT 31023 588 6 Licensee Licensee NNP 31023 588 7 at at IN 31023 588 8 cost cost NN 31023 588 9 price price NN 31023 588 10 but but CC 31023 588 11 not not RB 31023 588 12 exceeding exceed VBG 31023 588 13 Thirty Thirty NNP 31023 588 14 Dollars dollar NNS 31023 588 15 ( ( -LRB- 31023 588 16 $ $ $ 31023 588 17 30.00 30.00 CD 31023 588 18 ) ) -RRB- 31023 588 19 cash cash NN 31023 588 20 , , , 31023 588 21 as as IN 31023 588 22 many many JJ 31023 588 23 pump pump VBP 31023 588 24 and and CC 31023 588 25 nozzle nozzle VBP 31023 588 26 units unit NNS 31023 588 27 as as IN 31023 588 28 are be VBP 31023 588 29 needed need VBN 31023 588 30 for for IN 31023 588 31 use use NN 31023 588 32 in in IN 31023 588 33 building build VBG 31023 588 34 one one CD 31023 588 35 or or CC 31023 588 36 more more JJR 31023 588 37 experimental experimental JJ 31023 588 38 engines engine NNS 31023 588 39 . . . 31023 589 1 3 3 LS 31023 589 2 . . . 31023 590 1 Licensor Licensor NNP 31023 590 2 hereby hereby NNP 31023 590 3 gives give VBZ 31023 590 4 and and CC 31023 590 5 grants grant NNS 31023 590 6 unto unto IN 31023 590 7 Licensee Licensee NNP 31023 590 8 an an DT 31023 590 9 exclusive exclusive JJ 31023 590 10 license license NN 31023 590 11 for for IN 31023 590 12 the the DT 31023 590 13 manufacture manufacture NN 31023 590 14 , , , 31023 590 15 within within IN 31023 590 16 the the DT 31023 590 17 United United NNP 31023 590 18 States States NNP 31023 590 19 and and CC 31023 590 20 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 590 21 dependencies dependency NNS 31023 590 22 , , , 31023 590 23 and and CC 31023 590 24 a a DT 31023 590 25 non non JJ 31023 590 26 - - JJ 31023 590 27 exclusive exclusive JJ 31023 590 28 license license NN 31023 590 29 for for IN 31023 590 30 the the DT 31023 590 31 use use NN 31023 590 32 and and CC 31023 590 33 sale sale NN 31023 590 34 , , , 31023 590 35 of of IN 31023 590 36 engines engine NNS 31023 590 37 for for IN 31023 590 38 aircraft aircraft NN 31023 590 39 , , , 31023 590 40 and and CC 31023 590 41 a a DT 31023 590 42 non non JJ 31023 590 43 - - JJ 31023 590 44 exclusive exclusive JJ 31023 590 45 license license NN 31023 590 46 for for IN 31023 590 47 the the DT 31023 590 48 manufacture manufacture NN 31023 590 49 , , , 31023 590 50 use use NN 31023 590 51 , , , 31023 590 52 and and CC 31023 590 53 sale sale NN 31023 590 54 of of IN 31023 590 55 engines engine NNS 31023 590 56 for for IN 31023 590 57 motor motor NN 31023 590 58 vehicles vehicle NNS 31023 590 59 and and CC 31023 590 60 motor motor NN 31023 590 61 boats boat NNS 31023 590 62 , , , 31023 590 63 under under IN 31023 590 64 said say VBD 31023 590 65 United United NNP 31023 590 66 States States NNP 31023 590 67 patent patent NN 31023 590 68 Number Number NNP 31023 590 69 1,628,657 1,628,657 CD 31023 590 70 , , , 31023 590 71 under under IN 31023 590 72 all all DT 31023 590 73 after after RB 31023 590 74 - - HYPH 31023 590 75 acquired acquire VBN 31023 590 76 patents patent NNS 31023 590 77 and and CC 31023 590 78 under under IN 31023 590 79 all all DT 31023 590 80 patents patent NNS 31023 590 81 that that WDT 31023 590 82 may may MD 31023 590 83 result result VB 31023 590 84 from from IN 31023 590 85 said say VBD 31023 590 86 patent patent NN 31023 590 87 applications application NNS 31023 590 88 , , , 31023 590 89 and and CC 31023 590 90 from from IN 31023 590 91 all all DT 31023 590 92 other other JJ 31023 590 93 patent patent NN 31023 590 94 applications application NNS 31023 590 95 pertaining pertain VBG 31023 590 96 to to IN 31023 590 97 his -PRON- PRP$ 31023 590 98 present present JJ 31023 590 99 oil oil NN 31023 590 100 burning burn VBG 31023 590 101 engine engine NN 31023 590 102 or or CC 31023 590 103 reasonable reasonable JJ 31023 590 104 variations variation NNS 31023 590 105 thereof thereof RB 31023 590 106 , , , 31023 590 107 such such JJ 31023 590 108 licenses license NNS 31023 590 109 to to TO 31023 590 110 extend extend VB 31023 590 111 for for IN 31023 590 112 the the DT 31023 590 113 full full JJ 31023 590 114 life life NN 31023 590 115 and and CC 31023 590 116 term term NN 31023 590 117 of of IN 31023 590 118 all all DT 31023 590 119 such such JJ 31023 590 120 patents patent NNS 31023 590 121 , , , 31023 590 122 provided provide VBN 31023 590 123 however however RB 31023 590 124 , , , 31023 590 125 that that IN 31023 590 126 there there EX 31023 590 127 is be VBZ 31023 590 128 specially specially RB 31023 590 129 excepted except VBN 31023 590 130 from from IN 31023 590 131 this this DT 31023 590 132 grant grant NN 31023 590 133 -- -- : 31023 590 134 stationary stationary JJ 31023 590 135 engines engine NNS 31023 590 136 , , , 31023 590 137 tractor tractor NN 31023 590 138 engines engine NNS 31023 590 139 , , , 31023 590 140 and and CC 31023 590 141 engines engine NNS 31023 590 142 for for IN 31023 590 143 agricultural agricultural JJ 31023 590 144 purposes purpose NNS 31023 590 145 . . . 31023 591 1 4 4 LS 31023 591 2 . . . 31023 592 1 Licensor Licensor NNP 31023 592 2 further further JJ 31023 592 3 hereby hereby NNP 31023 592 4 permits permit NNS 31023 592 5 said say VBD 31023 592 6 Licensee Licensee NNP 31023 592 7 to to TO 31023 592 8 export export VB 31023 592 9 to to IN 31023 592 10 all all DT 31023 592 11 other other JJ 31023 592 12 countries country NNS 31023 592 13 and and CC 31023 592 14 sell sell VB 31023 592 15 and and CC 31023 592 16 use use VB 31023 592 17 there there RB 31023 592 18 , , , 31023 592 19 without without IN 31023 592 20 further further JJ 31023 592 21 royalty royalty NN 31023 592 22 , , , 31023 592 23 all all DT 31023 592 24 engines engine NNS 31023 592 25 made make VBN 31023 592 26 by by IN 31023 592 27 Licensee Licensee NNP 31023 592 28 in in IN 31023 592 29 the the DT 31023 592 30 United United NNP 31023 592 31 States States NNP 31023 592 32 under under IN 31023 592 33 this this DT 31023 592 34 license license NN 31023 592 35 . . . 31023 593 1 5 5 CD 31023 593 2 . . . 31023 594 1 Licensor Licensor NNP 31023 594 2 acknowledges acknowledge VBZ 31023 594 3 receipt receipt NN 31023 594 4 of of IN 31023 594 5 One one CD 31023 594 6 Thousand thousand CD 31023 594 7 Dollars Dollars NNPS 31023 594 8 ( ( -LRB- 31023 594 9 $ $ $ 31023 594 10 1,000.00 1,000.00 CD 31023 594 11 ) ) -RRB- 31023 594 12 in in IN 31023 594 13 payment payment NN 31023 594 14 of of IN 31023 594 15 a a DT 31023 594 16 portion portion NN 31023 594 17 of of IN 31023 594 18 the the DT 31023 594 19 expenses expense NNS 31023 594 20 heretofore heretofore RB 31023 594 21 incurred incur VBN 31023 594 22 by by IN 31023 594 23 him -PRON- PRP 31023 594 24 and and CC 31023 594 25 as as IN 31023 594 26 one one CD 31023 594 27 of of IN 31023 594 28 the the DT 31023 594 29 considerations consideration NNS 31023 594 30 for for IN 31023 594 31 this this DT 31023 594 32 agreement agreement NN 31023 594 33 . . . 31023 595 1 6 6 CD 31023 595 2 . . . 31023 596 1 Licensor Licensor NNP 31023 596 2 agrees agree VBZ 31023 596 3 to to TO 31023 596 4 devote devote VB 31023 596 5 all all DT 31023 596 6 time time NN 31023 596 7 necessary necessary JJ 31023 596 8 from from IN 31023 596 9 this this DT 31023 596 10 date date NN 31023 596 11 to to IN 31023 596 12 November November NNP 31023 596 13 1 1 CD 31023 596 14 , , , 31023 596 15 1928 1928 CD 31023 596 16 to to IN 31023 596 17 supervision supervision NN 31023 596 18 of of IN 31023 596 19 the the DT 31023 596 20 design design NN 31023 596 21 of of IN 31023 596 22 an an DT 31023 596 23 engine engine NN 31023 596 24 and and CC 31023 596 25 construction construction NN 31023 596 26 thereof thereof RB 31023 596 27 at at IN 31023 596 28 the the DT 31023 596 29 plant plant NN 31023 596 30 of of IN 31023 596 31 the the DT 31023 596 32 Licensee Licensee NNP 31023 596 33 and and CC 31023 596 34 will will MD 31023 596 35 in in IN 31023 596 36 his -PRON- PRP$ 31023 596 37 absence absence NN 31023 596 38 furnish furnish VB 31023 596 39 the the DT 31023 596 40 services service NNS 31023 596 41 of of IN 31023 596 42 a a DT 31023 596 43 competent competent JJ 31023 596 44 assistant assistant NN 31023 596 45 , , , 31023 596 46 the the DT 31023 596 47 expenses expense NNS 31023 596 48 of of IN 31023 596 49 Licensor Licensor NNP 31023 596 50 and and CC 31023 596 51 assistant assistant NN 31023 596 52 to to TO 31023 596 53 be be VB 31023 596 54 paid pay VBN 31023 596 55 for for IN 31023 596 56 by by IN 31023 596 57 Licensee Licensee NNP 31023 596 58 at at IN 31023 596 59 the the DT 31023 596 60 rate rate NN 31023 596 61 of of IN 31023 596 62 One one CD 31023 596 63 Thousand thousand CD 31023 596 64 Dollars Dollars NNPS 31023 596 65 ( ( -LRB- 31023 596 66 $ $ $ 31023 596 67 1,000.00 1,000.00 CD 31023 596 68 ) ) -RRB- 31023 596 69 per per IN 31023 596 70 month month NN 31023 596 71 for for IN 31023 596 72 the the DT 31023 596 73 first first JJ 31023 596 74 three three CD 31023 596 75 ( ( -LRB- 31023 596 76 3 3 CD 31023 596 77 ) ) -RRB- 31023 596 78 months month NNS 31023 596 79 , , , 31023 596 80 and and CC 31023 596 81 Five five CD 31023 596 82 Hundred hundred CD 31023 596 83 Dollars dollar NNS 31023 596 84 ( ( -LRB- 31023 596 85 $ $ $ 31023 596 86 500.00 500.00 CD 31023 596 87 ) ) -RRB- 31023 596 88 per per IN 31023 596 89 month month NN 31023 596 90 thereafter thereafter RB 31023 596 91 until until IN 31023 596 92 the the DT 31023 596 93 decision decision NN 31023 596 94 in in IN 31023 596 95 paragraph paragraph NN 31023 596 96 eight eight CD 31023 596 97 has have VBZ 31023 596 98 been be VBN 31023 596 99 made make VBN 31023 596 100 by by IN 31023 596 101 Licensee Licensee NNP 31023 596 102 . . . 31023 597 1 7 7 LS 31023 597 2 . . . 31023 598 1 Licensee Licensee NNP 31023 598 2 agrees agree VBZ 31023 598 3 to to TO 31023 598 4 build build VB 31023 598 5 and and CC 31023 598 6 test test VB 31023 598 7 at at RB 31023 598 8 least least RBS 31023 598 9 one one CD 31023 598 10 experimental experimental JJ 31023 598 11 aircraft aircraft NN 31023 598 12 engine engine NN 31023 598 13 with with IN 31023 598 14 special special JJ 31023 598 15 Dorner Dorner NNP 31023 598 16 features feature NNS 31023 598 17 , , , 31023 598 18 and and CC 31023 598 19 to to TO 31023 598 20 take take VB 31023 598 21 all all DT 31023 598 22 reasonable reasonable JJ 31023 598 23 measures measure NNS 31023 598 24 to to TO 31023 598 25 reach reach VB 31023 598 26 the the DT 31023 598 27 stage stage NN 31023 598 28 of of IN 31023 598 29 final final JJ 31023 598 30 test test NN 31023 598 31 . . . 31023 599 1 All all DT 31023 599 2 Dorner Dorner NNP 31023 599 3 feature feature NN 31023 599 4 engines engine NNS 31023 599 5 made make VBN 31023 599 6 by by IN 31023 599 7 Licensee Licensee NNP 31023 599 8 will will MD 31023 599 9 be be VB 31023 599 10 marked mark VBN 31023 599 11 " " `` 31023 599 12 Licensed license VBN 31023 599 13 Under under IN 31023 599 14 Dorner Dorner NNP 31023 599 15 Patents Patents NNPS 31023 599 16 . . . 31023 599 17 " " '' 31023 600 1 8 8 LS 31023 600 2 . . . 31023 601 1 Within within IN 31023 601 2 one one CD 31023 601 3 year year NN 31023 601 4 after after IN 31023 601 5 the the DT 31023 601 6 completion completion NN 31023 601 7 of of IN 31023 601 8 tests test NNS 31023 601 9 of of IN 31023 601 10 the the DT 31023 601 11 aircraft aircraft NN 31023 601 12 engine engine NN 31023 601 13 built build VBN 31023 601 14 by by IN 31023 601 15 Licensee Licensee NNP 31023 601 16 hereunder hereunder NN 31023 601 17 , , , 31023 601 18 or or CC 31023 601 19 in in IN 31023 601 20 any any DT 31023 601 21 event event NN 31023 601 22 not not RB 31023 601 23 later later RB 31023 601 24 than than IN 31023 601 25 November November NNP 31023 601 26 1 1 CD 31023 601 27 , , , 31023 601 28 1928 1928 CD 31023 601 29 , , , 31023 601 30 Licensee Licensee NNP 31023 601 31 will will MD 31023 601 32 decide decide VB 31023 601 33 whether whether IN 31023 601 34 it -PRON- PRP 31023 601 35 will will MD 31023 601 36 proceed proceed VB 31023 601 37 with with IN 31023 601 38 the the DT 31023 601 39 manufacture manufacture NN 31023 601 40 of of IN 31023 601 41 engines engine NNS 31023 601 42 hereunder hereunder NN 31023 601 43 , , , 31023 601 44 or or CC 31023 601 45 not not RB 31023 601 46 . . . 31023 602 1 If if IN 31023 602 2 Licensee Licensee NNP 31023 602 3 decides decide VBZ 31023 602 4 in in IN 31023 602 5 the the DT 31023 602 6 affirmative affirmative NN 31023 602 7 then then RB 31023 602 8 it -PRON- PRP 31023 602 9 will will MD 31023 602 10 pay pay VB 31023 602 11 Licensor Licensor NNP 31023 602 12 forthwith forthwith IN 31023 602 13 the the DT 31023 602 14 sum sum NN 31023 602 15 of of IN 31023 602 16 Five five CD 31023 602 17 Thousand thousand CD 31023 602 18 Dollars dollar NNS 31023 602 19 ( ( -LRB- 31023 602 20 $ $ $ 31023 602 21 5,000.00 5,000.00 CD 31023 602 22 ) ) -RRB- 31023 602 23 as as IN 31023 602 24 advance advance NN 31023 602 25 on on IN 31023 602 26 royalties royalty NNS 31023 602 27 and and CC 31023 602 28 as as IN 31023 602 29 minimum minimum JJ 31023 602 30 royalty royalty NN 31023 602 31 for for IN 31023 602 32 the the DT 31023 602 33 first first JJ 31023 602 34 production production NN 31023 602 35 year year NN 31023 602 36 . . . 31023 603 1 If if IN 31023 603 2 Licensee Licensee NNP 31023 603 3 decides decide VBZ 31023 603 4 in in IN 31023 603 5 the the DT 31023 603 6 negative negative NN 31023 603 7 for for IN 31023 603 8 reasons reason NNS 31023 603 9 which which WDT 31023 603 10 are be VBP 31023 603 11 under under IN 31023 603 12 the the DT 31023 603 13 influence influence NN 31023 603 14 of of IN 31023 603 15 Licensor Licensor NNP 31023 603 16 , , , 31023 603 17 then then RB 31023 603 18 Licensee Licensee NNP 31023 603 19 will will MD 31023 603 20 give give VB 31023 603 21 Licensor Licensor NNP 31023 603 22 notice notice NN 31023 603 23 and and CC 31023 603 24 sufficient sufficient JJ 31023 603 25 time time NN 31023 603 26 to to TO 31023 603 27 try try VB 31023 603 28 to to TO 31023 603 29 correct correct VB 31023 603 30 possible possible JJ 31023 603 31 imperfections imperfection NNS 31023 603 32 , , , 31023 603 33 and and CC 31023 603 34 the the DT 31023 603 35 time time NN 31023 603 36 for for IN 31023 603 37 final final JJ 31023 603 38 decision decision NN 31023 603 39 will will MD 31023 603 40 be be VB 31023 603 41 correspondingly correspondingly RB 31023 603 42 extended extend VBN 31023 603 43 . . . 31023 604 1 If if IN 31023 604 2 the the DT 31023 604 3 reasons reason NNS 31023 604 4 for for IN 31023 604 5 the the DT 31023 604 6 negative negative JJ 31023 604 7 decision decision NN 31023 604 8 are be VBP 31023 604 9 under under IN 31023 604 10 the the DT 31023 604 11 influence influence NN 31023 604 12 of of IN 31023 604 13 Licensee Licensee NNP 31023 604 14 , , , 31023 604 15 then then RB 31023 604 16 Licensee Licensee NNP 31023 604 17 will will MD 31023 604 18 grant grant VB 31023 604 19 to to IN 31023 604 20 Licensor Licensor NNP 31023 604 21 an an DT 31023 604 22 oral oral JJ 31023 604 23 conference conference NN 31023 604 24 at at IN 31023 604 25 Detroit Detroit NNP 31023 604 26 and and CC 31023 604 27 explain explain VB 31023 604 28 the the DT 31023 604 29 reasons reason NNS 31023 604 30 in in IN 31023 604 31 detail detail NN 31023 604 32 . . . 31023 605 1 In in IN 31023 605 2 event event NN 31023 605 3 a a DT 31023 605 4 negative negative JJ 31023 605 5 decision decision NN 31023 605 6 is be VBZ 31023 605 7 finally finally RB 31023 605 8 rendered render VBN 31023 605 9 by by IN 31023 605 10 Licensee Licensee NNP 31023 605 11 this this DT 31023 605 12 agreement agreement NN 31023 605 13 may may MD 31023 605 14 be be VB 31023 605 15 terminated terminate VBN 31023 605 16 at at IN 31023 605 17 any any DT 31023 605 18 time time NN 31023 605 19 thereafter thereafter RB 31023 605 20 upon upon IN 31023 605 21 sixty sixty CD 31023 605 22 ( ( -LRB- 31023 605 23 60 60 CD 31023 605 24 ) ) -RRB- 31023 605 25 days day NNS 31023 605 26 ' ' POS 31023 605 27 notice notice NN 31023 605 28 in in IN 31023 605 29 writing writing NN 31023 605 30 to to IN 31023 605 31 Licensee Licensee NNP 31023 605 32 and and CC 31023 605 33 both both DT 31023 605 34 parties party NNS 31023 605 35 released release VBN 31023 605 36 from from IN 31023 605 37 all all DT 31023 605 38 further further JJ 31023 605 39 obligations obligation NNS 31023 605 40 hereunder hereunder NN 31023 605 41 . . . 31023 606 1 9 9 CD 31023 606 2 . . . 31023 607 1 Licensee Licensee NNP 31023 607 2 agrees agree VBZ 31023 607 3 that that IN 31023 607 4 if if IN 31023 607 5 after after IN 31023 607 6 three three CD 31023 607 7 ( ( -LRB- 31023 607 8 3 3 CD 31023 607 9 ) ) -RRB- 31023 607 10 years year NNS 31023 607 11 from from IN 31023 607 12 the the DT 31023 607 13 date date NN 31023 607 14 hereof hereof NNP 31023 607 15 Licensee Licensee NNP 31023 607 16 is be VBZ 31023 607 17 not not RB 31023 607 18 manufacturing manufacture VBG 31023 607 19 and and CC 31023 607 20 does do VBZ 31023 607 21 not not RB 31023 607 22 contemplate contemplate VB 31023 607 23 the the DT 31023 607 24 manufacture manufacture NN 31023 607 25 of of IN 31023 607 26 , , , 31023 607 27 a a DT 31023 607 28 certain certain JJ 31023 607 29 size size NN 31023 607 30 and and CC 31023 607 31 type type NN 31023 607 32 of of IN 31023 607 33 aircraft aircraft NN 31023 607 34 engine engine NN 31023 607 35 which which WDT 31023 607 36 Licensor Licensor NNP 31023 607 37 would would MD 31023 607 38 like like VB 31023 607 39 to to TO 31023 607 40 grant grant VB 31023 607 41 another another DT 31023 607 42 manufacturer manufacturer NN 31023 607 43 the the DT 31023 607 44 right right NN 31023 607 45 to to TO 31023 607 46 build build VB 31023 607 47 and and CC 31023 607 48 which which WDT 31023 607 49 would would MD 31023 607 50 not not RB 31023 607 51 reasonably reasonably RB 31023 607 52 compete compete VB 31023 607 53 with with IN 31023 607 54 anything anything NN 31023 607 55 manufactured manufacture VBN 31023 607 56 by by IN 31023 607 57 Licensee Licensee NNP 31023 607 58 , , , 31023 607 59 Licensee Licensee NNP 31023 607 60 will will MD 31023 607 61 release release VB 31023 607 62 such such JJ 31023 607 63 size size NN 31023 607 64 and and CC 31023 607 65 type type NN 31023 607 66 aircraft aircraft NN 31023 607 67 engine engine NN 31023 607 68 from from IN 31023 607 69 the the DT 31023 607 70 exclusiveness exclusiveness NN 31023 607 71 of of IN 31023 607 72 this this DT 31023 607 73 license license NN 31023 607 74 and and CC 31023 607 75 thereby thereby RB 31023 607 76 permit permit NN 31023 607 77 Licensor Licensor NNP 31023 607 78 to to TO 31023 607 79 grant grant VB 31023 607 80 a a DT 31023 607 81 license license NN 31023 607 82 to to IN 31023 607 83 such such JJ 31023 607 84 other other JJ 31023 607 85 manufacturer manufacturer NN 31023 607 86 to to TO 31023 607 87 make make VB 31023 607 88 , , , 31023 607 89 use use VB 31023 607 90 and and CC 31023 607 91 sell sell VB 31023 607 92 such such JJ 31023 607 93 engine engine NN 31023 607 94 and and CC 31023 607 95 such such JJ 31023 607 96 engine engine NN 31023 607 97 only only RB 31023 607 98 . . . 31023 608 1 10 10 CD 31023 608 2 . . . 31023 609 1 Licensee Licensee NNP 31023 609 2 agrees agree VBZ 31023 609 3 to to TO 31023 609 4 pay pay VB 31023 609 5 royalty royalty NN 31023 609 6 on on IN 31023 609 7 all all DT 31023 609 8 engines engine NNS 31023 609 9 manufactured manufacture VBN 31023 609 10 and and CC 31023 609 11 sold sell VBD 31023 609 12 or or CC 31023 609 13 used use VBN 31023 609 14 under under IN 31023 609 15 this this DT 31023 609 16 agreement agreement NN 31023 609 17 , , , 31023 609 18 based base VBN 31023 609 19 on on IN 31023 609 20 effective effective JJ 31023 609 21 brake brake NN 31023 609 22 horsepower horsepower NN 31023 609 23 under under IN 31023 609 24 normal normal JJ 31023 609 25 load load NN 31023 609 26 , , , 31023 609 27 as as IN 31023 609 28 follows follow VBZ 31023 609 29 : : : 31023 609 30 On on IN 31023 609 31 each each DT 31023 609 32 of of IN 31023 609 33 the the DT 31023 609 34 first first JJ 31023 609 35 Five five CD 31023 609 36 Thousand thousand CD 31023 609 37 ( ( -LRB- 31023 609 38 5,000 5,000 CD 31023 609 39 ) ) -RRB- 31023 609 40 such such JJ 31023 609 41 engines engine NNS 31023 609 42 produced produce VBN 31023 609 43 and and CC 31023 609 44 sold sell VBN 31023 609 45 in in IN 31023 609 46 any any DT 31023 609 47 one one CD 31023 609 48 calendar calendar NN 31023 609 49 year year NN 31023 609 50 , , , 31023 609 51 the the DT 31023 609 52 royalty royalty NN 31023 609 53 shall shall MD 31023 609 54 be be VB 31023 609 55 at at IN 31023 609 56 the the DT 31023 609 57 rate rate NN 31023 609 58 of of IN 31023 609 59 Twenty twenty CD 31023 609 60 - - HYPH 31023 609 61 five five CD 31023 609 62 Cents cent NNS 31023 609 63 ( ( -LRB- 31023 609 64 $ $ $ 31023 609 65 .25 .25 CD 31023 609 66 ) ) -RRB- 31023 609 67 per per IN 31023 609 68 horsepower horsepower NN 31023 609 69 ; ; : 31023 609 70 and and CC 31023 609 71 on on IN 31023 609 72 all all DT 31023 609 73 over over IN 31023 609 74 Five five CD 31023 609 75 Thousand thousand CD 31023 609 76 ( ( -LRB- 31023 609 77 5,000 5,000 CD 31023 609 78 ) ) -RRB- 31023 609 79 in in IN 31023 609 80 such such JJ 31023 609 81 calendar calendar NN 31023 609 82 year year NN 31023 609 83 , , , 31023 609 84 at at IN 31023 609 85 the the DT 31023 609 86 rate rate NN 31023 609 87 of of IN 31023 609 88 Ten ten CD 31023 609 89 Cents cent NNS 31023 609 90 ( ( -LRB- 31023 609 91 $ $ $ 31023 609 92 .10 .10 CD 31023 609 93 ) ) -RRB- 31023 609 94 per per IN 31023 609 95 horsepower horsepower NN 31023 609 96 ; ; , 31023 609 97 provided provide VBN 31023 609 98 that that IN 31023 609 99 , , , 31023 609 100 after after IN 31023 609 101 a a DT 31023 609 102 total total NN 31023 609 103 of of IN 31023 609 104 Fifty Fifty NNP 31023 609 105 Thousand thousand CD 31023 609 106 Dollars Dollars NNPS 31023 609 107 ( ( -LRB- 31023 609 108 $ $ $ 31023 609 109 50,000.00 50,000.00 CD 31023 609 110 ) ) -RRB- 31023 609 111 has have VBZ 31023 609 112 been be VBN 31023 609 113 paid pay VBN 31023 609 114 in in IN 31023 609 115 royalties royalty NNS 31023 609 116 the the DT 31023 609 117 royalties royalty NNS 31023 609 118 shall shall MD 31023 609 119 be be VB 31023 609 120 reduced reduce VBN 31023 609 121 one one CD 31023 609 122 - - HYPH 31023 609 123 half half NN 31023 609 124 ( ( -LRB- 31023 609 125 1/2 1/2 CD 31023 609 126 ) ) -RRB- 31023 609 127 . . . 31023 610 1 11 11 CD 31023 610 2 . . . 31023 611 1 After after IN 31023 611 2 the the DT 31023 611 3 beginning beginning NN 31023 611 4 of of IN 31023 611 5 the the DT 31023 611 6 second second JJ 31023 611 7 year year NN 31023 611 8 of of IN 31023 611 9 production production NN 31023 611 10 , , , 31023 611 11 Licensee Licensee NNP 31023 611 12 agrees agree VBZ 31023 611 13 that that IN 31023 611 14 if if IN 31023 611 15 the the DT 31023 611 16 royalties royalty NNS 31023 611 17 under under IN 31023 611 18 the the DT 31023 611 19 above above JJ 31023 611 20 schedule schedule NN 31023 611 21 amount amount NN 31023 611 22 to to IN 31023 611 23 less less JJR 31023 611 24 than than IN 31023 611 25 Ten ten CD 31023 611 26 Thousand thousand CD 31023 611 27 Dollars Dollars NNPS 31023 611 28 ( ( -LRB- 31023 611 29 $ $ $ 31023 611 30 10,000.00 10,000.00 CD 31023 611 31 ) ) -RRB- 31023 611 32 per per IN 31023 611 33 year year NN 31023 611 34 then then RB 31023 611 35 the the DT 31023 611 36 royalty royalty NN 31023 611 37 shall shall MD 31023 611 38 be be VB 31023 611 39 Ten ten CD 31023 611 40 Thousand thousand CD 31023 611 41 Dollars Dollars NNPS 31023 611 42 ( ( -LRB- 31023 611 43 $ $ $ 31023 611 44 10,000.00 10,000.00 CD 31023 611 45 ) ) -RRB- 31023 611 46 per per IN 31023 611 47 year year NN 31023 611 48 payable payable JJ 31023 611 49 in in IN 31023 611 50 quarterly quarterly JJ 31023 611 51 instalments instalment NNS 31023 611 52 of of IN 31023 611 53 Two two CD 31023 611 54 Thousand thousand CD 31023 611 55 Five five CD 31023 611 56 Hundred hundred CD 31023 611 57 Dollars dollar NNS 31023 611 58 ( ( -LRB- 31023 611 59 $ $ $ 31023 611 60 2,500.00 2,500.00 CD 31023 611 61 ) ) -RRB- 31023 611 62 each each DT 31023 611 63 , , , 31023 611 64 or or CC 31023 611 65 in in IN 31023 611 66 other other JJ 31023 611 67 words word NNS 31023 611 68 , , , 31023 611 69 the the DT 31023 611 70 minimum minimum JJ 31023 611 71 royalty royalty NN 31023 611 72 payable payable NN 31023 611 73 shall shall MD 31023 611 74 be be VB 31023 611 75 Ten ten CD 31023 611 76 Thousand thousand CD 31023 611 77 Dollars Dollars NNPS 31023 611 78 ( ( -LRB- 31023 611 79 $ $ $ 31023 611 80 10,000.00 10,000.00 CD 31023 611 81 ) ) -RRB- 31023 611 82 per per IN 31023 611 83 year year NN 31023 611 84 . . . 31023 612 1 12 12 CD 31023 612 2 . . . 31023 613 1 Royalties royalty NNS 31023 613 2 shall shall MD 31023 613 3 continue continue VB 31023 613 4 only only RB 31023 613 5 during during IN 31023 613 6 the the DT 31023 613 7 life life NN 31023 613 8 of of IN 31023 613 9 said say VBD 31023 613 10 patent patent NN 31023 613 11 Number Number NNP 31023 613 12 1,628,657 1,628,657 CD 31023 613 13 , , , 31023 613 14 and and CC 31023 613 15 when when WRB 31023 613 16 a a DT 31023 613 17 total total NN 31023 613 18 of of IN 31023 613 19 Two two CD 31023 613 20 Hundred hundred CD 31023 613 21 Fifty Fifty NNP 31023 613 22 Thousand thousand CD 31023 613 23 Dollars Dollars NNPS 31023 613 24 ( ( -LRB- 31023 613 25 $ $ $ 31023 613 26 250,000.00 250,000.00 CD 31023 613 27 ) ) -RRB- 31023 613 28 has have VBZ 31023 613 29 been be VBN 31023 613 30 paid pay VBN 31023 613 31 by by IN 31023 613 32 Licensee Licensee NNP 31023 613 33 to to IN 31023 613 34 Licensor Licensor NNP 31023 613 35 , , , 31023 613 36 all all DT 31023 613 37 royalties royalty NNS 31023 613 38 shall shall MD 31023 613 39 cease cease VB 31023 613 40 and and CC 31023 613 41 the the DT 31023 613 42 license license NN 31023 613 43 hereunder hereunder NN 31023 613 44 shall shall MD 31023 613 45 be be VB 31023 613 46 free free JJ 31023 613 47 thereafter thereafter RB 31023 613 48 . . . 31023 614 1 13 13 CD 31023 614 2 . . . 31023 615 1 Licensor Licensor NNP 31023 615 2 agrees agree VBZ 31023 615 3 that that IN 31023 615 4 Licensee Licensee NNP 31023 615 5 shall shall MD 31023 615 6 have have VB 31023 615 7 the the DT 31023 615 8 benefit benefit NN 31023 615 9 of of IN 31023 615 10 any any DT 31023 615 11 more more RBR 31023 615 12 favorable favorable JJ 31023 615 13 royalty royalty NN 31023 615 14 rates rate NNS 31023 615 15 that that WDT 31023 615 16 may may MD 31023 615 17 be be VB 31023 615 18 hereafter hereafter RB 31023 615 19 granted grant VBN 31023 615 20 to to IN 31023 615 21 or or CC 31023 615 22 enjoyed enjoy VBN 31023 615 23 by by IN 31023 615 24 any any DT 31023 615 25 other other JJ 31023 615 26 manufacturer manufacturer NN 31023 615 27 of of IN 31023 615 28 engines engine NNS 31023 615 29 other other JJ 31023 615 30 than than IN 31023 615 31 aircraft aircraft NN 31023 615 32 engines engine NNS 31023 615 33 . . . 31023 616 1 14 14 CD 31023 616 2 . . . 31023 617 1 Licensee Licensee NNP 31023 617 2 agrees agree VBZ 31023 617 3 to to TO 31023 617 4 keep keep VB 31023 617 5 proper proper JJ 31023 617 6 books book NNS 31023 617 7 of of IN 31023 617 8 account account NN 31023 617 9 showing show VBG 31023 617 10 the the DT 31023 617 11 number number NN 31023 617 12 of of IN 31023 617 13 engines engine NNS 31023 617 14 manufactured manufacture VBN 31023 617 15 and and CC 31023 617 16 sold sell VBD 31023 617 17 or or CC 31023 617 18 used use VBN 31023 617 19 under under IN 31023 617 20 this this DT 31023 617 21 agreement agreement NN 31023 617 22 and and CC 31023 617 23 to to TO 31023 617 24 report report VB 31023 617 25 quarterly quarterly RB 31023 617 26 to to IN 31023 617 27 Licensor Licensor NNP 31023 617 28 . . . 31023 618 1 15 15 CD 31023 618 2 . . . 31023 619 1 In in IN 31023 619 2 case case NN 31023 619 3 of of IN 31023 619 4 suit suit NN 31023 619 5 against against IN 31023 619 6 the the DT 31023 619 7 Licensee Licensee NNP 31023 619 8 for for IN 31023 619 9 infringement infringement NN 31023 619 10 of of IN 31023 619 11 patents patent NNS 31023 619 12 by by IN 31023 619 13 any any DT 31023 619 14 of of IN 31023 619 15 the the DT 31023 619 16 Dorner Dorner NNP 31023 619 17 features feature NNS 31023 619 18 built build VBN 31023 619 19 under under IN 31023 619 20 this this DT 31023 619 21 license license NN 31023 619 22 Licensor Licensor NNP 31023 619 23 agrees agree VBZ 31023 619 24 to to TO 31023 619 25 assist assist VB 31023 619 26 in in IN 31023 619 27 the the DT 31023 619 28 defense defense NN 31023 619 29 of of IN 31023 619 30 any any DT 31023 619 31 such such JJ 31023 619 32 suit suit NN 31023 619 33 and and CC 31023 619 34 pay pay VB 31023 619 35 the the DT 31023 619 36 expenses expense NNS 31023 619 37 thereof thereof VBP 31023 619 38 up up RP 31023 619 39 to to IN 31023 619 40 an an DT 31023 619 41 amount amount NN 31023 619 42 equal equal JJ 31023 619 43 to to IN 31023 619 44 Ten ten CD 31023 619 45 Percent Percent NNP 31023 619 46 ( ( -LRB- 31023 619 47 10 10 CD 31023 619 48 % % NN 31023 619 49 ) ) -RRB- 31023 619 50 of of IN 31023 619 51 all all DT 31023 619 52 royalties royalty NNS 31023 619 53 paid pay VBN 31023 619 54 by by IN 31023 619 55 Licensee Licensee NNP 31023 619 56 to to IN 31023 619 57 Licensor Licensor NNP 31023 619 58 hereunder hereunder NN 31023 619 59 . . . 31023 620 1 16 16 CD 31023 620 2 . . . 31023 621 1 In in IN 31023 621 2 event event NN 31023 621 3 of of IN 31023 621 4 default default NN 31023 621 5 of of IN 31023 621 6 the the DT 31023 621 7 Licensee Licensee NNP 31023 621 8 in in IN 31023 621 9 the the DT 31023 621 10 payment payment NN 31023 621 11 of of IN 31023 621 12 any any DT 31023 621 13 of of IN 31023 621 14 the the DT 31023 621 15 sums sum NNS 31023 621 16 herein herein NNP 31023 621 17 provided provide VBN 31023 621 18 for for IN 31023 621 19 , , , 31023 621 20 Licensor Licensor NNP 31023 621 21 may may MD 31023 621 22 terminate terminate VB 31023 621 23 this this DT 31023 621 24 license license NN 31023 621 25 agreement agreement NN 31023 621 26 by by IN 31023 621 27 serving serve VBG 31023 621 28 upon upon IN 31023 621 29 the the DT 31023 621 30 Licensee Licensee NNP 31023 621 31 Sixty Sixty NNP 31023 621 32 ( ( -LRB- 31023 621 33 60 60 CD 31023 621 34 ) ) -RRB- 31023 621 35 days day NNS 31023 621 36 ' ' POS 31023 621 37 notice notice NN 31023 621 38 in in IN 31023 621 39 writing writing NN 31023 621 40 of of IN 31023 621 41 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 621 42 desire desire NN 31023 621 43 and and CC 31023 621 44 determination determination NN 31023 621 45 so so RB 31023 621 46 to to TO 31023 621 47 do do VB 31023 621 48 and and CC 31023 621 49 stating state VBG 31023 621 50 the the DT 31023 621 51 default default NN 31023 621 52 upon upon IN 31023 621 53 which which WDT 31023 621 54 the the DT 31023 621 55 notice notice NN 31023 621 56 is be VBZ 31023 621 57 based base VBN 31023 621 58 , , , 31023 621 59 and and CC 31023 621 60 at at IN 31023 621 61 the the DT 31023 621 62 expiration expiration NN 31023 621 63 of of IN 31023 621 64 such such JJ 31023 621 65 Sixty Sixty NNP 31023 621 66 ( ( -LRB- 31023 621 67 60 60 CD 31023 621 68 ) ) -RRB- 31023 621 69 days day NNS 31023 621 70 this this DT 31023 621 71 license license NN 31023 621 72 shall shall MD 31023 621 73 thereupon thereupon RB 31023 621 74 be be VB 31023 621 75 terminated terminate VBN 31023 621 76 , , , 31023 621 77 provided provide VBN 31023 621 78 however however RB 31023 621 79 that that IN 31023 621 80 such such JJ 31023 621 81 termination termination NN 31023 621 82 shall shall MD 31023 621 83 not not RB 31023 621 84 release release VB 31023 621 85 the the DT 31023 621 86 Licensee Licensee NNP 31023 621 87 from from IN 31023 621 88 obligations obligation NNS 31023 621 89 already already RB 31023 621 90 accrued accrue VBN 31023 621 91 hereunder hereunder NN 31023 621 92 and and CC 31023 621 93 not not RB 31023 621 94 performed perform VBN 31023 621 95 , , , 31023 621 96 and and CC 31023 621 97 provided provide VBD 31023 621 98 further further RB 31023 621 99 that that IN 31023 621 100 if if IN 31023 621 101 , , , 31023 621 102 during during IN 31023 621 103 said say VBD 31023 621 104 Sixty Sixty NNP 31023 621 105 ( ( -LRB- 31023 621 106 60 60 CD 31023 621 107 ) ) -RRB- 31023 621 108 days day NNS 31023 621 109 ' ' '' 31023 621 110 notice notice NN 31023 621 111 period period NN 31023 621 112 , , , 31023 621 113 the the DT 31023 621 114 default default NN 31023 621 115 named name VBN 31023 621 116 in in IN 31023 621 117 said say VBN 31023 621 118 notice notice NN 31023 621 119 shall shall MD 31023 621 120 have have VB 31023 621 121 been be VBN 31023 621 122 made make VBN 31023 621 123 good good JJ 31023 621 124 then then RB 31023 621 125 this this DT 31023 621 126 license license NN 31023 621 127 to to TO 31023 621 128 continue continue VB 31023 621 129 as as IN 31023 621 130 if if IN 31023 621 131 no no DT 31023 621 132 default default NN 31023 621 133 and and CC 31023 621 134 notice notice NN 31023 621 135 had have VBD 31023 621 136 been be VBN 31023 621 137 made make VBN 31023 621 138 or or CC 31023 621 139 given give VBN 31023 621 140 . . . 31023 622 1 17 17 CD 31023 622 2 . . . 31023 623 1 At at IN 31023 623 2 the the DT 31023 623 3 expiration expiration NN 31023 623 4 of of IN 31023 623 5 any any DT 31023 623 6 one one CD 31023 623 7 year year NN 31023 623 8 from from IN 31023 623 9 November November NNP 31023 623 10 1 1 CD 31023 623 11 , , , 31023 623 12 1929 1929 CD 31023 623 13 , , , 31023 623 14 Licensee Licensee NNP 31023 623 15 may may MD 31023 623 16 terminate terminate VB 31023 623 17 this this DT 31023 623 18 agreement agreement NN 31023 623 19 upon upon IN 31023 623 20 Sixty Sixty NNP 31023 623 21 ( ( -LRB- 31023 623 22 60 60 CD 31023 623 23 ) ) -RRB- 31023 623 24 days day NNS 31023 623 25 ' ' POS 31023 623 26 notice notice NN 31023 623 27 in in IN 31023 623 28 writing write VBG 31023 623 29 to to IN 31023 623 30 Licensor Licensor NNP 31023 623 31 of of IN 31023 623 32 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 623 33 desire desire NN 31023 623 34 and and CC 31023 623 35 determination determination NN 31023 623 36 so so RB 31023 623 37 to to TO 31023 623 38 do do VB 31023 623 39 , , , 31023 623 40 provided provide VBN 31023 623 41 however however RB 31023 623 42 , , , 31023 623 43 that that IN 31023 623 44 such such JJ 31023 623 45 termination termination NN 31023 623 46 shall shall MD 31023 623 47 not not RB 31023 623 48 release release VB 31023 623 49 the the DT 31023 623 50 Licensee Licensee NNP 31023 623 51 from from IN 31023 623 52 obligations obligation NNS 31023 623 53 already already RB 31023 623 54 accrued accrue VBN 31023 623 55 hereunder hereunder NN 31023 623 56 and and CC 31023 623 57 not not RB 31023 623 58 performed perform VBN 31023 623 59 . . . 31023 624 1 18 18 CD 31023 624 2 . . . 31023 625 1 In in IN 31023 625 2 case case NN 31023 625 3 of of IN 31023 625 4 differences difference NNS 31023 625 5 of of IN 31023 625 6 opinion opinion NN 31023 625 7 regarding regard VBG 31023 625 8 any any DT 31023 625 9 of of IN 31023 625 10 the the DT 31023 625 11 terms term NNS 31023 625 12 of of IN 31023 625 13 this this DT 31023 625 14 agreement agreement NN 31023 625 15 , , , 31023 625 16 the the DT 31023 625 17 dispute dispute NN 31023 625 18 shall shall MD 31023 625 19 be be VB 31023 625 20 submitted submit VBN 31023 625 21 to to IN 31023 625 22 arbitration arbitration NN 31023 625 23 . . . 31023 626 1 Each each DT 31023 626 2 party party NN 31023 626 3 shall shall MD 31023 626 4 select select VB 31023 626 5 one one CD 31023 626 6 arbitrator arbitrator NN 31023 626 7 and and CC 31023 626 8 if if IN 31023 626 9 they -PRON- PRP 31023 626 10 , , , 31023 626 11 after after IN 31023 626 12 five five CD 31023 626 13 days day NNS 31023 626 14 , , , 31023 626 15 fail fail VBP 31023 626 16 to to TO 31023 626 17 agree agree VB 31023 626 18 upon upon IN 31023 626 19 a a DT 31023 626 20 third third JJ 31023 626 21 , , , 31023 626 22 the the DT 31023 626 23 United United NNP 31023 626 24 States States NNP 31023 626 25 Court Court NNP 31023 626 26 for for IN 31023 626 27 the the DT 31023 626 28 Detroit Detroit NNP 31023 626 29 District District NNP 31023 626 30 shall shall MD 31023 626 31 be be VB 31023 626 32 asked ask VBN 31023 626 33 to to TO 31023 626 34 appoint appoint VB 31023 626 35 such such PDT 31023 626 36 a a DT 31023 626 37 third third JJ 31023 626 38 arbitrator arbitrator NN 31023 626 39 , , , 31023 626 40 and and CC 31023 626 41 the the DT 31023 626 42 decision decision NN 31023 626 43 of of IN 31023 626 44 a a DT 31023 626 45 majority majority NN 31023 626 46 of of IN 31023 626 47 the the DT 31023 626 48 arbitrators arbitrator NNS 31023 626 49 shall shall MD 31023 626 50 be be VB 31023 626 51 binding bind VBG 31023 626 52 upon upon IN 31023 626 53 both both DT 31023 626 54 parties party NNS 31023 626 55 . . . 31023 627 1 In in IN 31023 627 2 witness witness NN 31023 627 3 whereof whereof NNP 31023 627 4 , , , 31023 627 5 we -PRON- PRP 31023 627 6 have have VBP 31023 627 7 hereto hereto NN 31023 627 8 set set VBN 31023 627 9 our -PRON- PRP$ 31023 627 10 hands hand NNS 31023 627 11 and and CC 31023 627 12 seals seal NNS 31023 627 13 at at IN 31023 627 14 Detroit Detroit NNP 31023 627 15 , , , 31023 627 16 Michigan Michigan NNP 31023 627 17 , , , 31023 627 18 on on IN 31023 627 19 the the DT 31023 627 20 day day NN 31023 627 21 and and CC 31023 627 22 year year NN 31023 627 23 first first RB 31023 627 24 above above IN 31023 627 25 written write VBN 31023 627 26 . . . 31023 628 1 Witnesses--(Signatures Witnesses--(Signatures NNP 31023 628 2 ) ) -RRB- 31023 628 3 : : : 31023 628 4 Hermann Hermann NNP 31023 628 5 Dorner Dorner NNP 31023 628 6 L. L. NNP 31023 628 7 A. A. NNP 31023 628 8 Wright Wright NNP 31023 628 9 Adolf Adolf NNP 31023 628 10 Widmann Widmann NNP 31023 628 11 PACKARD PACKARD NNP 31023 628 12 MOTOR MOTOR NNP 31023 628 13 CAR CAR NNP 31023 628 14 COMPANY COMPANY NNP 31023 628 15 Alvan Alvan NNP 31023 628 16 Macauley Macauley NNP 31023 628 17 President President NNP 31023 628 18 ( ( -LRB- 31023 628 19 Seal Seal NNP 31023 628 20 ) ) -RRB- 31023 628 21 Attest attest RB 31023 628 22 : : : 31023 628 23 Milton Milton NNP 31023 628 24 Tibbetts Tibbetts NNP 31023 628 25 Assistant Assistant NNP 31023 628 26 Secretary Secretary NNP 31023 628 27 2 2 CD 31023 628 28 . . . 31023 629 1 Packard packard NN 31023 629 2 to to TO 31023 629 3 Begin begin VB 31023 629 4 Building Building NNP 31023 629 5 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 629 6 Plane Plane NNP 31023 629 7 Engines Engines NNP 31023 629 8 Soon soon RB 31023 629 9 _ _ NNP 31023 629 10 Will Will MD 31023 629 11 Start start VB 31023 629 12 Construction Construction NNP 31023 629 13 at at IN 31023 629 14 Once once RB 31023 629 15 on on IN 31023 629 16 New New NNP 31023 629 17 Three Three NNP 31023 629 18 Story Story NNP 31023 629 19 Factory Factory NNP 31023 629 20 to to TO 31023 629 21 Handle handle VB 31023 629 22 Work Work NNP 31023 629 23 _ _ NNP 31023 629 24 [ [ -LRB- 31023 629 25 From from IN 31023 629 26 _ _ NNP 31023 629 27 Aviation Aviation NNP 31023 629 28 _ _ NNP 31023 629 29 , , , 31023 629 30 March March NNP 31023 629 31 2 2 CD 31023 629 32 , , , 31023 629 33 1929 1929 CD 31023 629 34 , , , 31023 629 35 vol vol NNP 31023 629 36 . . . 31023 630 1 26 26 CD 31023 630 2 , , , 31023 630 3 no no UH 31023 630 4 . . . 31023 631 1 10 10 LS 31023 631 2 ] ] -RRB- 31023 631 3 DETROIT DETROIT NNP 31023 631 4 , , , 31023 631 5 MICH.--Indications mich.--indication NNS 31023 631 6 that that IN 31023 631 7 the the DT 31023 631 8 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 631 9 type type NN 31023 631 10 airplane airplane NN 31023 631 11 engine engine NN 31023 631 12 , , , 31023 631 13 recently recently RB 31023 631 14 developed develop VBN 31023 631 15 by by IN 31023 631 16 Capt Capt NNP 31023 631 17 . . . 31023 632 1 L. L. NNP 31023 632 2 M. M. NNP 31023 632 3 Woolson Woolson NNP 31023 632 4 , , , 31023 632 5 chief chief JJ 31023 632 6 aeronautical aeronautical JJ 31023 632 7 engineer engineer NN 31023 632 8 of of IN 31023 632 9 the the DT 31023 632 10 Packard Packard NNP 31023 632 11 Motor Motor NNP 31023 632 12 Car Car NNP 31023 632 13 Co. Co. NNP 31023 632 14 , , , 31023 632 15 will will MD 31023 632 16 become become VB 31023 632 17 a a DT 31023 632 18 commercial commercial JJ 31023 632 19 reality reality NN 31023 632 20 and and CC 31023 632 21 possibly possibly RB 31023 632 22 a a DT 31023 632 23 revolutionary revolutionary JJ 31023 632 24 factor factor NN 31023 632 25 in in IN 31023 632 26 airplane airplane NN 31023 632 27 engine engine NN 31023 632 28 design design NN 31023 632 29 , , , 31023 632 30 is be VBZ 31023 632 31 seen see VBN 31023 632 32 here here RB 31023 632 33 in in IN 31023 632 34 the the DT 31023 632 35 announcement announcement NN 31023 632 36 of of IN 31023 632 37 the the DT 31023 632 38 concern concern NN 31023 632 39 that that IN 31023 632 40 it -PRON- PRP 31023 632 41 will will MD 31023 632 42 begin begin VB 31023 632 43 construction construction NN 31023 632 44 immediately immediately RB 31023 632 45 of of IN 31023 632 46 a a DT 31023 632 47 $ $ $ 31023 632 48 650,000 650,000 CD 31023 632 49 plant plant NN 31023 632 50 to to TO 31023 632 51 produce produce VB 31023 632 52 the the DT 31023 632 53 engines engine NNS 31023 632 54 in in IN 31023 632 55 large large JJ 31023 632 56 quantity quantity NN 31023 632 57 for for IN 31023 632 58 the the DT 31023 632 59 commercial commercial JJ 31023 632 60 market market NN 31023 632 61 . . . 31023 633 1 The the DT 31023 633 2 new new JJ 31023 633 3 plant plant NN 31023 633 4 , , , 31023 633 5 according accord VBG 31023 633 6 to to IN 31023 633 7 the the DT 31023 633 8 announcement announcement NN 31023 633 9 by by IN 31023 633 10 Hugh Hugh NNP 31023 633 11 J. J. NNP 31023 634 1 Ferry ferry NN 31023 634 2 , , , 31023 634 3 treasurer treasurer NN 31023 634 4 of of IN 31023 634 5 the the DT 31023 634 6 Packard Packard NNP 31023 634 7 firm firm NN 31023 634 8 , , , 31023 634 9 will will MD 31023 634 10 be be VB 31023 634 11 completed complete VBN 31023 634 12 and and CC 31023 634 13 in in IN 31023 634 14 operation operation NN 31023 634 15 within within IN 31023 634 16 five five CD 31023 634 17 weeks week NNS 31023 634 18 . . . 31023 635 1 Between between IN 31023 635 2 600 600 CD 31023 635 3 and and CC 31023 635 4 700 700 CD 31023 635 5 men man NNS 31023 635 6 will will MD 31023 635 7 be be VB 31023 635 8 employed employ VBN 31023 635 9 and and CC 31023 635 10 , , , 31023 635 11 according accord VBG 31023 635 12 to to IN 31023 635 13 expectations expectation NNS 31023 635 14 , , , 31023 635 15 production production NN 31023 635 16 will will MD 31023 635 17 be be VB 31023 635 18 carried carry VBN 31023 635 19 on on RP 31023 635 20 at at IN 31023 635 21 the the DT 31023 635 22 rate rate NN 31023 635 23 of of IN 31023 635 24 about about RB 31023 635 25 500 500 CD 31023 635 26 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 635 27 engines engine NNS 31023 635 28 per per IN 31023 635 29 month month NN 31023 635 30 by by IN 31023 635 31 July July NNP 31023 635 32 . . . 31023 636 1 The the DT 31023 636 2 Packard Packard NNP 31023 636 3 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 636 4 was be VBD 31023 636 5 announced announce VBN 31023 636 6 first first RB 31023 636 7 in in IN 31023 636 8 October October NNP 31023 636 9 , , , 31023 636 10 following follow VBG 31023 636 11 experiments experiment NNS 31023 636 12 covering cover VBG 31023 636 13 several several JJ 31023 636 14 years year NNS 31023 636 15 . . . 31023 637 1 The the DT 31023 637 2 original original JJ 31023 637 3 engine engine NN 31023 637 4 was be VBD 31023 637 5 placed place VBN 31023 637 6 in in IN 31023 637 7 a a DT 31023 637 8 Stinson Stinson NNP 31023 637 9 - - HYPH 31023 637 10 Detroiter Detroiter NNP 31023 637 11 , , , 31023 637 12 which which WDT 31023 637 13 was be VBD 31023 637 14 flown fly VBN 31023 637 15 successfully successfully RB 31023 637 16 by by IN 31023 637 17 Captain Captain NNP 31023 637 18 Woolson Woolson NNP 31023 637 19 and and CC 31023 637 20 Walter Walter NNP 31023 637 21 Lees Lees NNP 31023 637 22 , , , 31023 637 23 Packard packard NN 31023 637 24 pilot pilot NN 31023 637 25 . . . 31023 638 1 Since since IN 31023 638 2 that that DT 31023 638 3 time time NN 31023 638 4 Captain Captain NNP 31023 638 5 Woolson Woolson NNP 31023 638 6 has have VBZ 31023 638 7 built build VBN 31023 638 8 four four CD 31023 638 9 of of IN 31023 638 10 the the DT 31023 638 11 engines engine NNS 31023 638 12 , , , 31023 638 13 all all DT 31023 638 14 of of IN 31023 638 15 200 200 CD 31023 638 16 hp hp NN 31023 638 17 . . . 31023 639 1 capacity capacity NN 31023 639 2 , , , 31023 639 3 developing develop VBG 31023 639 4 1 1 CD 31023 639 5 hp hp NN 31023 639 6 . . . 31023 640 1 for for IN 31023 640 2 every every DT 31023 640 3 2 2 CD 31023 640 4 lb lb IN 31023 640 5 . . . 31023 641 1 of of IN 31023 641 2 weight weight NN 31023 641 3 . . . 31023 642 1 The the DT 31023 642 2 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 642 3 , , , 31023 642 4 installed instal VBN 31023 642 5 on on IN 31023 642 6 the the DT 31023 642 7 Stinson Stinson NNP 31023 642 8 - - HYPH 31023 642 9 Detroiter Detroiter NNP 31023 642 10 , , , 31023 642 11 it -PRON- PRP 31023 642 12 was be VBD 31023 642 13 said say VBN 31023 642 14 , , , 31023 642 15 now now RB 31023 642 16 has have VBZ 31023 642 17 had have VBN 31023 642 18 200 200 CD 31023 642 19 hr hr NN 31023 642 20 . . . 31023 643 1 flying fly VBG 31023 643 2 time time NN 31023 643 3 , , , 31023 643 4 and and CC 31023 643 5 gives give VBZ 31023 643 6 not not RB 31023 643 7 the the DT 31023 643 8 slightest slight JJS 31023 643 9 indication indication NN 31023 643 10 that that IN 31023 643 11 it -PRON- PRP 31023 643 12 will will MD 31023 643 13 need need VB 31023 643 14 an an DT 31023 643 15 overhauling overhauling NN 31023 643 16 for for IN 31023 643 17 some some DT 31023 643 18 time time NN 31023 643 19 . . . 31023 644 1 The the DT 31023 644 2 other other JJ 31023 644 3 three three CD 31023 644 4 engines engine NNS 31023 644 5 have have VBP 31023 644 6 been be VBN 31023 644 7 tested test VBN 31023 644 8 on on IN 31023 644 9 the the DT 31023 644 10 block block NN 31023 644 11 in in IN 31023 644 12 the the DT 31023 644 13 company company NN 31023 644 14 's 's POS 31023 644 15 research research NN 31023 644 16 plant plant NN 31023 644 17 . . . 31023 645 1 It -PRON- PRP 31023 645 2 is be VBZ 31023 645 3 claimed claim VBN 31023 645 4 by by IN 31023 645 5 the the DT 31023 645 6 builders builder NNS 31023 645 7 that that WDT 31023 645 8 the the DT 31023 645 9 Packard Packard NNP 31023 645 10 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 645 11 will will MD 31023 645 12 produce produce VB 31023 645 13 a a DT 31023 645 14 saving saving NN 31023 645 15 of of IN 31023 645 16 about about RB 31023 645 17 20 20 CD 31023 645 18 per per NN 31023 645 19 cent cent NN 31023 645 20 . . . 31023 646 1 in in IN 31023 646 2 fuel fuel NN 31023 646 3 consumption consumption NN 31023 646 4 as as IN 31023 646 5 compared compare VBN 31023 646 6 with with IN 31023 646 7 engines engine NNS 31023 646 8 using use VBG 31023 646 9 gasoline gasoline NN 31023 646 10 . . . 31023 647 1 It -PRON- PRP 31023 647 2 is be VBZ 31023 647 3 claimed claim VBN 31023 647 4 further further RB 31023 647 5 that that IN 31023 647 6 the the DT 31023 647 7 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 647 8 will will MD 31023 647 9 prove prove VB 31023 647 10 far far RB 31023 647 11 more more RBR 31023 647 12 reliable reliable JJ 31023 647 13 in in IN 31023 647 14 construction construction NN 31023 647 15 than than IN 31023 647 16 any any DT 31023 647 17 airplane airplane NN 31023 647 18 engine engine NN 31023 647 19 yet yet RB 31023 647 20 developed develop VBN 31023 647 21 . . . 31023 648 1 Evidence evidence NN 31023 648 2 of of IN 31023 648 3 this this DT 31023 648 4 , , , 31023 648 5 it -PRON- PRP 31023 648 6 was be VBD 31023 648 7 pointed point VBN 31023 648 8 out out RP 31023 648 9 , , , 31023 648 10 is be VBZ 31023 648 11 seen see VBN 31023 648 12 in in IN 31023 648 13 the the DT 31023 648 14 performance performance NN 31023 648 15 of of IN 31023 648 16 the the DT 31023 648 17 initial initial JJ 31023 648 18 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 648 19 . . . 31023 649 1 DETAILS DETAILS NNP 31023 649 2 NOT not RB 31023 649 3 ANNOUNCED announced XX 31023 649 4 Although although IN 31023 649 5 neither neither DT 31023 649 6 Mr. Mr. NNP 31023 650 1 Ferry ferry NN 31023 650 2 , , , 31023 650 3 nor nor CC 31023 650 4 Captain Captain NNP 31023 650 5 Woolson Woolson NNP 31023 650 6 , , , 31023 650 7 would would MD 31023 650 8 disclose disclose VB 31023 650 9 any any DT 31023 650 10 technical technical JJ 31023 650 11 details detail NNS 31023 650 12 as as IN 31023 650 13 to to IN 31023 650 14 the the DT 31023 650 15 engine engine NN 31023 650 16 's 's POS 31023 650 17 construction construction NN 31023 650 18 in in IN 31023 650 19 making make VBG 31023 650 20 it -PRON- PRP 31023 650 21 applicable applicable JJ 31023 650 22 to to IN 31023 650 23 airplane airplane NN 31023 650 24 use use NN 31023 650 25 , , , 31023 650 26 the the DT 31023 650 27 secret secret NN 31023 650 28 of of IN 31023 650 29 its -PRON- PRP$ 31023 650 30 success success NN 31023 650 31 was be VBD 31023 650 32 reported report VBN 31023 650 33 to to TO 31023 650 34 be be VB 31023 650 35 an an DT 31023 650 36 especially especially RB 31023 650 37 designed design VBN 31023 650 38 pumping pump VBG 31023 650 39 device device NN 31023 650 40 creating create VBG 31023 650 41 high high JJ 31023 650 42 compression compression NN 31023 650 43 necessary necessary JJ 31023 650 44 for for IN 31023 650 45 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 650 46 firing firing NN 31023 650 47 . . . 31023 651 1 Since since IN 31023 651 2 announcement announcement NN 31023 651 3 of of IN 31023 651 4 the the DT 31023 651 5 engine engine NN 31023 651 6 , , , 31023 651 7 the the DT 31023 651 8 Packard Packard NNP 31023 651 9 factory factory NN 31023 651 10 has have VBZ 31023 651 11 been be VBN 31023 651 12 literally literally RB 31023 651 13 a a DT 31023 651 14 Mecca Mecca NNP 31023 651 15 for for IN 31023 651 16 engineers engineer NNS 31023 651 17 from from IN 31023 651 18 many many JJ 31023 651 19 parts part NNS 31023 651 20 of of IN 31023 651 21 the the DT 31023 651 22 world world NN 31023 651 23 wishing wish VBG 31023 651 24 to to TO 31023 651 25 see see VB 31023 651 26 the the DT 31023 651 27 engine engine NN 31023 651 28 . . . 31023 652 1 The the DT 31023 652 2 Crown Crown NNP 31023 652 3 Prince Prince NNP 31023 652 4 of of IN 31023 652 5 Spain Spain NNP 31023 652 6 , , , 31023 652 7 in in IN 31023 652 8 Detroit Detroit NNP 31023 652 9 last last JJ 31023 652 10 fall fall NN 31023 652 11 , , , 31023 652 12 was be VBD 31023 652 13 given give VBN 31023 652 14 a a DT 31023 652 15 flight flight NN 31023 652 16 in in IN 31023 652 17 the the DT 31023 652 18 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 652 19 powered power VBD 31023 652 20 Stinson Stinson NNP 31023 652 21 . . . 31023 653 1 None none NN 31023 653 2 of of IN 31023 653 3 the the DT 31023 653 4 construction construction NN 31023 653 5 secrets secret NNS 31023 653 6 , , , 31023 653 7 however however RB 31023 653 8 , , , 31023 653 9 have have VBP 31023 653 10 been be VBN 31023 653 11 divulged divulge VBN 31023 653 12 , , , 31023 653 13 it -PRON- PRP 31023 653 14 was be VBD 31023 653 15 said say VBN 31023 653 16 . . . 31023 654 1 The the DT 31023 654 2 Packard Packard NNP 31023 654 3 announcement announcement NN 31023 654 4 set set VBD 31023 654 5 at at IN 31023 654 6 rest rest NN 31023 654 7 rumors rumor NNS 31023 654 8 that that IN 31023 654 9 the the DT 31023 654 10 company company NN 31023 654 11 planned plan VBD 31023 654 12 construction construction NN 31023 654 13 of of IN 31023 654 14 a a DT 31023 654 15 plant plant NN 31023 654 16 costing cost VBG 31023 654 17 several several JJ 31023 654 18 million million CD 31023 654 19 dollars dollar NNS 31023 654 20 , , , 31023 654 21 as as RB 31023 654 22 well well RB 31023 654 23 as as IN 31023 654 24 reports report NNS 31023 654 25 that that IN 31023 654 26 the the DT 31023 654 27 company company NN 31023 654 28 was be VBD 31023 654 29 going go VBG 31023 654 30 into into IN 31023 654 31 the the DT 31023 654 32 production production NN 31023 654 33 of of IN 31023 654 34 airplanes airplane NNS 31023 654 35 . . . 31023 655 1 " " `` 31023 655 2 Our -PRON- PRP$ 31023 655 3 efforts effort NNS 31023 655 4 , , , 31023 655 5 " " '' 31023 655 6 Mr. Mr. NNP 31023 656 1 Ferry Ferry NNP 31023 656 2 said say VBD 31023 656 3 , , , 31023 656 4 " " `` 31023 656 5 will will MD 31023 656 6 be be VB 31023 656 7 confined confine VBN 31023 656 8 to to IN 31023 656 9 the the DT 31023 656 10 engine engine NN 31023 656 11 , , , 31023 656 12 or or CC 31023 656 13 power power NN 31023 656 14 plant plant NN 31023 656 15 end end NN 31023 656 16 of of IN 31023 656 17 the the DT 31023 656 18 aircraft aircraft NN 31023 656 19 industry industry NN 31023 656 20 . . . 31023 657 1 We -PRON- PRP 31023 657 2 will will MD 31023 657 3 continue continue VB 31023 657 4 to to TO 31023 657 5 build build VB 31023 657 6 the the DT 31023 657 7 water water NN 31023 657 8 - - HYPH 31023 657 9 cooled cool VBN 31023 657 10 type type NN 31023 657 11 we -PRON- PRP 31023 657 12 have have VBP 31023 657 13 been be VBN 31023 657 14 producing produce VBG 31023 657 15 for for IN 31023 657 16 years year NNS 31023 657 17 . . . 31023 657 18 " " '' 31023 658 1 The the DT 31023 658 2 new new JJ 31023 658 3 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 658 4 plant plant NN 31023 658 5 will will MD 31023 658 6 be be VB 31023 658 7 primarily primarily RB 31023 658 8 an an DT 31023 658 9 assembly assembly NN 31023 658 10 plant plant NN 31023 658 11 , , , 31023 658 12 although although IN 31023 658 13 some some DT 31023 658 14 machine machine NN 31023 658 15 work work NN 31023 658 16 will will MD 31023 658 17 be be VB 31023 658 18 done do VBN 31023 658 19 there there RB 31023 658 20 . . . 31023 659 1 The the DT 31023 659 2 bulk bulk NN 31023 659 3 of of IN 31023 659 4 the the DT 31023 659 5 machine machine NN 31023 659 6 work work NN 31023 659 7 , , , 31023 659 8 however however RB 31023 659 9 , , , 31023 659 10 will will MD 31023 659 11 be be VB 31023 659 12 done do VBN 31023 659 13 in in IN 31023 659 14 the the DT 31023 659 15 present present JJ 31023 659 16 Packard Packard NNP 31023 659 17 machine machine NN 31023 659 18 shops shop NNS 31023 659 19 . . . 31023 660 1 Although although IN 31023 660 2 no no DT 31023 660 3 approximation approximation NN 31023 660 4 of of IN 31023 660 5 selling sell VBG 31023 660 6 price price NN 31023 660 7 on on IN 31023 660 8 the the DT 31023 660 9 new new JJ 31023 660 10 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 660 11 was be VBD 31023 660 12 divulged divulge VBN 31023 660 13 , , , 31023 660 14 it -PRON- PRP 31023 660 15 was be VBD 31023 660 16 intimated intimate VBN 31023 660 17 that that IN 31023 660 18 the the DT 31023 660 19 engine engine NN 31023 660 20 will will MD 31023 660 21 retail retail VB 31023 660 22 at at IN 31023 660 23 a a DT 31023 660 24 price price NN 31023 660 25 competitive competitive JJ 31023 660 26 with with IN 31023 660 27 or or CC 31023 660 28 slightly slightly RB 31023 660 29 under under IN 31023 660 30 the the DT 31023 660 31 price price NN 31023 660 32 of of IN 31023 660 33 present present JJ 31023 660 34 gasoline gasoline NN 31023 660 35 consuming consume VBG 31023 660 36 air air NN 31023 660 37 - - HYPH 31023 660 38 cooled cool VBN 31023 660 39 engines engine NNS 31023 660 40 of of IN 31023 660 41 that that DT 31023 660 42 horsepower horsepower NN 31023 660 43 range range NN 31023 660 44 . . . 31023 661 1 Captain Captain NNP 31023 661 2 Woolson Woolson NNP 31023 661 3 will will MD 31023 661 4 have have VB 31023 661 5 complete complete JJ 31023 661 6 charge charge NN 31023 661 7 of of IN 31023 661 8 the the DT 31023 661 9 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 661 10 plant plant NN 31023 661 11 , , , 31023 661 12 it -PRON- PRP 31023 661 13 was be VBD 31023 661 14 announced announce VBN 31023 661 15 . . . 31023 662 1 3 3 LS 31023 662 2 . . . 31023 663 1 Effect effect NN 31023 663 2 of of IN 31023 663 3 Oxygen Oxygen NNP 31023 663 4 Boosting boost VBG 31023 663 5 on on IN 31023 663 6 Power Power NNP 31023 663 7 and and CC 31023 663 8 Weight Weight NNP 31023 663 9 [ [ -LRB- 31023 663 10 From from IN 31023 663 11 P. P. NNP 31023 663 12 H. H. NNP 31023 663 13 SCHWEITZER SCHWEITZER NNP 31023 663 14 and and CC 31023 663 15 E. E. NNP 31023 663 16 R. R. NNP 31023 663 17 KLINGE KLINGE NNP 31023 663 18 , , , 31023 663 19 " " `` 31023 663 20 Oxygen oxygen NN 31023 663 21 - - HYPH 31023 663 22 Boosting boosting NN 31023 663 23 of of IN 31023 663 24 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 663 25 Engines Engines NNPS 31023 663 26 for for IN 31023 663 27 Take Take NNP 31023 663 28 - - HYPH 31023 663 29 Off Off NNP 31023 663 30 , , , 31023 663 31 " " '' 31023 663 32 _ _ NNP 31023 663 33 The the DT 31023 663 34 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania NNP 31023 663 35 State State NNP 31023 663 36 College College NNP 31023 663 37 Bulletin Bulletin NNP 31023 663 38 _ _ NNP 31023 663 39 ( ( -LRB- 31023 663 40 April April NNP 31023 663 41 1 1 CD 31023 663 42 , , , 31023 663 43 1941 1941 CD 31023 663 44 ) ) -RRB- 31023 663 45 , , , 31023 663 46 vol vol NNP 31023 663 47 . . . 31023 664 1 35 35 CD 31023 664 2 , , , 31023 664 3 no no UH 31023 664 4 . . . 31023 665 1 14 14 CD 31023 665 2 , , , 31023 665 3 p. p. NN 31023 666 1 25 25 CD 31023 666 2 . . . 31023 666 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 667 1 _ _ NNP 31023 667 2 Practical Practical NNP 31023 667 3 Conclusions Conclusions NNPS 31023 667 4 _ _ NNP 31023 667 5 Airplanes Airplanes NNPS 31023 667 6 require require VBP 31023 667 7 about about RB 31023 667 8 one one CD 31023 667 9 third third JJ 31023 667 10 more more JJR 31023 667 11 power power NN 31023 667 12 during during IN 31023 667 13 the the DT 31023 667 14 take take NN 31023 667 15 - - HYPH 31023 667 16 off off NN 31023 667 17 than than IN 31023 667 18 in in IN 31023 667 19 flight flight NN 31023 667 20 . . . 31023 668 1 In in IN 31023 668 2 diesel diesel NN 31023 668 3 - - HYPH 31023 668 4 engined engine VBN 31023 668 5 airplanes airplane NNS 31023 668 6 the the DT 31023 668 7 size size NN 31023 668 8 of of IN 31023 668 9 the the DT 31023 668 10 engine engine NN 31023 668 11 could could MD 31023 668 12 be be VB 31023 668 13 reduced reduce VBN 31023 668 14 by by IN 31023 668 15 25 25 CD 31023 668 16 percent percent NN 31023 668 17 by by IN 31023 668 18 feeding feed VBG 31023 668 19 oxygen oxygen NN 31023 668 20 into into IN 31023 668 21 the the DT 31023 668 22 intake intake JJ 31023 668 23 air air NN 31023 668 24 during during IN 31023 668 25 the the DT 31023 668 26 takeoff takeoff NN 31023 668 27 . . . 31023 669 1 Applying apply VBG 31023 669 2 the the DT 31023 669 3 results result NNS 31023 669 4 of of IN 31023 669 5 the the DT 31023 669 6 experiments experiment NNS 31023 669 7 to to IN 31023 669 8 a a DT 31023 669 9 transport transport NN 31023 669 10 plane plane NN 31023 669 11 , , , 31023 669 12 Fig Fig NNP 31023 669 13 . . . 31023 670 1 31 31 CD 31023 670 2 shows show VBZ 31023 670 3 the the DT 31023 670 4 possible possible JJ 31023 670 5 weight weight NN 31023 670 6 saving save VBG 31023 670 7 with with IN 31023 670 8 various various JJ 31023 670 9 oxygen oxygen NN 31023 670 10 boosts boost NNS 31023 670 11 . . . 31023 671 1 The the DT 31023 671 2 curves curve NNS 31023 671 3 are be VBP 31023 671 4 based base VBN 31023 671 5 on on IN 31023 671 6 6000 6000 CD 31023 671 7 cruising cruise VBG 31023 671 8 horsepower horsepower NN 31023 671 9 and and CC 31023 671 10 an an DT 31023 671 11 estimated estimate VBN 31023 671 12 engine engine NN 31023 671 13 weight weight NN 31023 671 14 of of IN 31023 671 15 2 2 CD 31023 671 16 lb lb XX 31023 671 17 per per IN 31023 671 18 hp hp FW 31023 671 19 . . . 31023 672 1 For for IN 31023 672 2 the the DT 31023 672 3 take take VB 31023 672 4 - - HYPH 31023 672 5 off off RP 31023 672 6 8000 8000 CD 31023 672 7 hp hp UH 31023 672 8 are be VBP 31023 672 9 necessary necessary JJ 31023 672 10 . . . 31023 673 1 To to TO 31023 673 2 supply supply VB 31023 673 3 the the DT 31023 673 4 additional additional JJ 31023 673 5 2000 2000 CD 31023 673 6 hp hp UH 31023 673 7 , , , 31023 673 8 200 200 CD 31023 673 9 lb lb NN 31023 673 10 of of IN 31023 673 11 oxygen oxygen NN 31023 673 12 are be VBP 31023 673 13 fed feed VBN 31023 673 14 into into IN 31023 673 15 the the DT 31023 673 16 intake intake JJ 31023 673 17 air air NN 31023 673 18 during during IN 31023 673 19 the the DT 31023 673 20 take take NN 31023 673 21 - - HYPH 31023 673 22 off off NN 31023 673 23 . . . 31023 674 1 The the DT 31023 674 2 volume volume NN 31023 674 3 of of IN 31023 674 4 200 200 CD 31023 674 5 lb lb NN 31023 674 6 of of IN 31023 674 7 liquid liquid JJ 31023 674 8 oxygen oxygen NN 31023 674 9 is be VBZ 31023 674 10 approximately approximately RB 31023 674 11 20 20 CD 31023 674 12 gal gal NN 31023 674 13 . . . 31023 675 1 Standard standard JJ 31023 675 2 liquid liquid JJ 31023 675 3 air air NN 31023 675 4 containers container NNS 31023 675 5 of of IN 31023 675 6 55 55 CD 31023 675 7 litre litre NN 31023 675 8 capacity capacity NN 31023 675 9 weigh weigh NNP 31023 675 10 75 75 CD 31023 675 11 lb lb IN 31023 675 12 . . . 31023 676 1 Therefore therefore RB 31023 676 2 the the DT 31023 676 3 weight weight NN 31023 676 4 of of IN 31023 676 5 the the DT 31023 676 6 oxygen oxygen NN 31023 676 7 and and CC 31023 676 8 container container NN 31023 676 9 is be VBZ 31023 676 10 350 350 CD 31023 676 11 lb lb IN 31023 676 12 while while IN 31023 676 13 the the DT 31023 676 14 possible possible JJ 31023 676 15 saving saving NN 31023 676 16 in in IN 31023 676 17 engine engine NN 31023 676 18 weight weight NN 31023 676 19 is be VBZ 31023 676 20 4000 4000 CD 31023 676 21 lb lb IN 31023 676 22 . . . 31023 677 1 The the DT 31023 677 2 weight weight NN 31023 677 3 per per IN 31023 677 4 take take VB 31023 677 5 - - HYPH 31023 677 6 off off RP 31023 677 7 horsepower horsepower NN 31023 677 8 is be VBZ 31023 677 9 thereby thereby RB 31023 677 10 reduced reduce VBN 31023 677 11 from from IN 31023 677 12 2 2 CD 31023 677 13 to to IN 31023 677 14 1.54 1.54 CD 31023 677 15 lb lb RB 31023 677 16 . . . 31023 678 1 The the DT 31023 678 2 calculation calculation NN 31023 678 3 is be VBZ 31023 678 4 shown show VBN 31023 678 5 in in IN 31023 678 6 Table table NN 31023 678 7 1 1 CD 31023 678 8 . . . 31023 679 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 679 2 Illustration illustration NN 31023 679 3 : : : 31023 679 4 Figure figure NN 31023 679 5 38.--Effect 38.--effect CD 31023 679 6 of of IN 31023 679 7 Oxygen Oxygen NNP 31023 679 8 Boost Boost NNP 31023 679 9 on on IN 31023 679 10 Power Power NNP 31023 679 11 and and CC 31023 679 12 Weight Weight NNP 31023 679 13 . . . 31023 680 1 ( ( -LRB- 31023 680 2 Cruising cruise VBG 31023 680 3 horsepower horsepower NN 31023 680 4 6000 6000 CD 31023 680 5 , , , 31023 680 6 takeoff takeoff NNP 31023 680 7 horsepower horsepower NNP 31023 680 8 8000 8000 CD 31023 680 9 . . . 31023 680 10 ) ) -RRB- 31023 680 11 ] ] -RRB- 31023 681 1 Oxygen oxygen NN 31023 681 2 addition addition NN 31023 681 3 may may MD 31023 681 4 be be VB 31023 681 5 used use VBN 31023 681 6 for for IN 31023 681 7 starting start VBG 31023 681 8 diesel diesel NN 31023 681 9 engines engine NNS 31023 681 10 . . . 31023 682 1 The the DT 31023 682 2 raising raising NN 31023 682 3 of of IN 31023 682 4 the the DT 31023 682 5 oxygen oxygen NN 31023 682 6 concentration concentration NN 31023 682 7 from from IN 31023 682 8 the the DT 31023 682 9 normal normal JJ 31023 682 10 21 21 CD 31023 682 11 per per NN 31023 682 12 cent cent NN 31023 682 13 to to IN 31023 682 14 45 45 CD 31023 682 15 per per NN 31023 682 16 cent cent NN 31023 682 17 was be VBD 31023 682 18 found find VBN 31023 682 19 to to TO 31023 682 20 be be VB 31023 682 21 equivalent equivalent JJ 31023 682 22 to to IN 31023 682 23 a a DT 31023 682 24 raise raise NN 31023 682 25 of of IN 31023 682 26 approximately approximately RB 31023 682 27 10 10 CD 31023 682 28 cetane cetane JJ 31023 682 29 numbers number NNS 31023 682 30 as as RB 31023 682 31 far far RB 31023 682 32 as as IN 31023 682 33 starting start VBG 31023 682 34 is be VBZ 31023 682 35 concerned concern VBN 31023 682 36 . . . 31023 683 1 Five five CD 31023 683 2 per per IN 31023 683 3 cent cent NN 31023 683 4 increase increase NN 31023 683 5 in in IN 31023 683 6 oxygen oxygen NN 31023 683 7 concentration concentration NN 31023 683 8 eliminated eliminate VBD 31023 683 9 exhaust exhaust NN 31023 683 10 smoke smoke NN 31023 683 11 completely completely RB 31023 683 12 . . . 31023 684 1 TABLE TABLE NNP 31023 684 2 1 1 CD 31023 684 3 Normal normal JJ 31023 684 4 horsepower horsepower NN 31023 684 5 6000 6000 CD 31023 684 6 Take take VB 31023 684 7 - - HYPH 31023 684 8 off off RP 31023 684 9 horsepower horsepower NN 31023 684 10 8000 8000 CD 31023 684 11 Normal normal JJ 31023 684 12 fuel fuel NN 31023 684 13 consumption consumption NN 31023 684 14 0.4 0.4 CD 31023 684 15 lb lb XX 31023 684 16 per per FW 31023 684 17 hp hp FW 31023 684 18 - - HYPH 31023 684 19 hr hr NNP 31023 684 20 , , , 31023 684 21 or or CC 31023 684 22 53.5 53.5 CD 31023 684 23 lb lb XX 31023 684 24 per per IN 31023 684 25 min min FW 31023 684 26 Normal normal JJ 31023 684 27 air air NN 31023 684 28 consumption consumption NN 31023 684 29 900 900 CD 31023 684 30 lb lb XX 31023 684 31 per per IN 31023 684 32 min min FW 31023 684 33 Normal normal JJ 31023 684 34 oxygen oxygen NN 31023 684 35 consumption consumption NN 31023 684 36 , , , 31023 684 37 21 21 CD 31023 684 38 per per NN 31023 684 39 cent cent NN 31023 684 40 oxygen oxygen NN 31023 684 41 189 189 CD 31023 684 42 lb lb XX 31023 684 43 per per IN 31023 684 44 min min NNP 31023 684 45 concentration concentration NN 31023 684 46 Boosted boosted JJ 31023 684 47 oxygen oxygen NN 31023 684 48 consumption consumption NN 31023 684 49 , , , 31023 684 50 32 32 CD 31023 684 51 per per NN 31023 684 52 cent cent NN 31023 684 53 oxygen oxygen NN 31023 684 54 289 289 CD 31023 684 55 lb lb RB 31023 684 56 per per IN 31023 684 57 min min NNP 31023 684 58 concentration concentration NN 31023 684 59 Oxygen Oxygen NNP 31023 684 60 to to TO 31023 684 61 be be VB 31023 684 62 supplied supply VBN 31023 684 63 100 100 CD 31023 684 64 lb lb RB 31023 684 65 per per IN 31023 684 66 min min NN 31023 684 67 Weight Weight NNP 31023 684 68 of of IN 31023 684 69 8000-hp 8000-hp CD 31023 684 70 engine engine NN 31023 684 71 16,000 16,000 CD 31023 684 72 lb lb IN 31023 684 73 Weight Weight NNP 31023 684 74 of of IN 31023 684 75 boosted boost VBN 31023 684 76 6000-hp 6000-hp CD 31023 684 77 engine engine NN 31023 684 78 12,000 12,000 CD 31023 684 79 lb lb IN 31023 684 80 Weight Weight NNP 31023 684 81 of of IN 31023 684 82 oxygen oxygen NN 31023 684 83 for for IN 31023 684 84 2-min 2-min NNP 31023 684 85 boost boost NN 31023 684 86 200 200 CD 31023 684 87 lb lb IN 31023 684 88 Weight Weight NNP 31023 684 89 of of IN 31023 684 90 container container NN 31023 684 91 for for IN 31023 684 92 29 29 CD 31023 684 93 lb lb NN 31023 684 94 of of IN 31023 684 95 liquid liquid JJ 31023 684 96 oxygen oxygen NN 31023 684 97 150 150 CD 31023 684 98 lb lb NNP 31023 684 99 Net net JJ 31023 684 100 weight weight NN 31023 684 101 saving save VBG 31023 684 102 by by IN 31023 684 103 oxygen oxygen NN 31023 684 104 boost boost NN 31023 684 105 3650 3650 CD 31023 684 106 lb lb IN 31023 684 107 Weight Weight NNP 31023 684 108 per per IN 31023 684 109 horsepower horsepower NN 31023 684 110 , , , 31023 684 111 nonboosted nonbooste VBD 31023 684 112 engine engine NN 31023 684 113 2 2 CD 31023 684 114 lb lb IN 31023 684 115 Weight Weight NNP 31023 684 116 per per IN 31023 684 117 horsepower horsepower NN 31023 684 118 , , , 31023 684 119 boosted boost VBD 31023 684 120 engine engine NN 31023 684 121 1.54 1.54 CD 31023 684 122 lb lb IN 31023 684 123 Footnotes footnote NNS 31023 684 124 : : : 31023 684 125 [ [ -LRB- 31023 684 126 1 1 LS 31023 684 127 ] ] -RRB- 31023 684 128 Appendix Appendix NNP 31023 684 129 , , , 31023 684 130 p. p. NN 31023 684 131 43 43 CD 31023 684 132 . . . 31023 685 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 685 2 2 2 LS 31023 685 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 685 4 Letter Letter NNP 31023 685 5 , , , 31023 685 6 Hermann Hermann NNP 31023 685 7 I. I. NNP 31023 686 1 A. a. JJ 31023 686 2 Dorner Dorner NNP 31023 686 3 to to IN 31023 686 4 National National NNP 31023 686 5 Air Air NNP 31023 686 6 Museum Museum NNP 31023 686 7 , , , 31023 686 8 March March NNP 31023 686 9 3 3 CD 31023 686 10 , , , 31023 686 11 1962 1962 CD 31023 686 12 . . . 31023 687 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 687 2 3 3 LS 31023 687 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 687 4 See see VB 31023 687 5 p. p. NN 31023 687 6 20 20 CD 31023 687 7 ff ff NNS 31023 687 8 . . . 31023 688 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 688 2 4 4 LS 31023 688 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 688 4 Appendix Appendix NNP 31023 688 5 , , , 31023 688 6 p. p. NN 31023 688 7 46 46 CD 31023 688 8 . . . 31023 689 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 689 2 5 5 CD 31023 689 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 689 4 _ _ NNP 31023 689 5 Aeronautics Aeronautics NNP 31023 689 6 _ _ NNP 31023 689 7 ( ( -LRB- 31023 689 8 October October NNP 31023 689 9 1929 1929 CD 31023 689 10 ) ) -RRB- 31023 689 11 , , , 31023 689 12 vol vol NNP 31023 689 13 . . . 31023 690 1 5 5 CD 31023 690 2 , , , 31023 690 3 no no UH 31023 690 4 . . . 31023 691 1 4 4 CD 31023 691 2 , , , 31023 691 3 p. p. NN 31023 691 4 32 32 CD 31023 691 5 . . . 31023 692 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 692 2 6 6 CD 31023 692 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 692 4 _ _ NNP 31023 692 5 The the DT 31023 692 6 Packard Packard NNP 31023 692 7 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 692 8 Aircraft Aircraft NNP 31023 692 9 Engine Engine NNP 31023 692 10 -- -- : 31023 692 11 A a DT 31023 692 12 New New NNP 31023 692 13 Chapter chapter NN 31023 692 14 in in IN 31023 692 15 Transportation Transportation NNP 31023 692 16 Progress Progress NNP 31023 692 17 _ _ NNP 31023 692 18 ( ( -LRB- 31023 692 19 Detroit Detroit NNP 31023 692 20 : : : 31023 692 21 Packard Packard NNP 31023 692 22 Motor Motor NNP 31023 692 23 Car Car NNP 31023 692 24 Co. Co. NNP 31023 692 25 , , , 31023 692 26 1930 1930 CD 31023 692 27 ) ) -RRB- 31023 692 28 , , , 31023 692 29 p. p. NN 31023 692 30 5 5 CD 31023 692 31 . . . 31023 693 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 693 2 7 7 LS 31023 693 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 693 4 A a DT 31023 693 5 memorial memorial NN 31023 693 6 to to IN 31023 693 7 Woolson Woolson NNP 31023 693 8 who who WP 31023 693 9 was be VBD 31023 693 10 killed kill VBN 31023 693 11 in in IN 31023 693 12 the the DT 31023 693 13 crash crash NN 31023 693 14 of of IN 31023 693 15 a a DT 31023 693 16 Packard Packard NNP 31023 693 17 diesel diesel NN 31023 693 18 - - HYPH 31023 693 19 powered power VBN 31023 693 20 Verville Verville NNP 31023 693 21 " " `` 31023 693 22 Air Air NNP 31023 693 23 Sedan Sedan NNP 31023 693 24 " " '' 31023 693 25 on on IN 31023 693 26 April April NNP 31023 693 27 23 23 CD 31023 693 28 , , , 31023 693 29 1930 1930 CD 31023 693 30 . . . 31023 694 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 694 2 8 8 CD 31023 694 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 694 4 _ _ NNP 31023 694 5 Packard Packard NNP 31023 694 6 Inner Inner NNP 31023 694 7 Circle Circle NNP 31023 694 8 _ _ NNP 31023 694 9 ( ( -LRB- 31023 694 10 April April NNP 31023 694 11 18 18 CD 31023 694 12 , , , 31023 694 13 1932 1932 CD 31023 694 14 ) ) -RRB- 31023 694 15 , , , 31023 694 16 vol vol NNP 31023 694 17 . . . 31023 695 1 17 17 CD 31023 695 2 , , , 31023 695 3 no no UH 31023 695 4 . . . 31023 696 1 6 6 CD 31023 696 2 , , , 31023 696 3 p. p. NN 31023 696 4 1 1 CD 31023 696 5 . . . 31023 697 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 697 2 9 9 CD 31023 697 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 697 4 _ _ NNP 31023 697 5 Aero Aero NNP 31023 697 6 Digest Digest NNP 31023 697 7 _ _ NNP 31023 697 8 ( ( -LRB- 31023 697 9 February February NNP 31023 697 10 1932 1932 CD 31023 697 11 ) ) -RRB- 31023 697 12 , , , 31023 697 13 vol vol NNP 31023 697 14 . . . 31023 698 1 20 20 CD 31023 698 2 , , , 31023 698 3 no no UH 31023 698 4 . . . 31023 699 1 2 2 CD 31023 699 2 , , , 31023 699 3 p. p. NN 31023 699 4 54 54 CD 31023 699 5 . . . 31023 700 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 700 2 10 10 CD 31023 700 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 700 4 Letter Letter NNP 31023 700 5 , , , 31023 700 6 Richard Richard NNP 31023 700 7 Totten Totten NNP 31023 700 8 to to IN 31023 700 9 National National NNP 31023 700 10 Air Air NNP 31023 700 11 Museum Museum NNP 31023 700 12 , , , 31023 700 13 January January NNP 31023 700 14 28 28 CD 31023 700 15 , , , 31023 700 16 1964 1964 CD 31023 700 17 . . . 31023 701 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 701 2 11 11 CD 31023 701 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 701 4 _ _ NNP 31023 701 5 Instruction Instruction NNP 31023 701 6 Book Book NNP 31023 701 7 for for IN 31023 701 8 the the DT 31023 701 9 Packard Packard NNP 31023 701 10 - - HYPH 31023 701 11 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 701 12 Aircraft Aircraft NNP 31023 701 13 Engine Engine NNP 31023 701 14 _ _ NNP 31023 701 15 ( ( -LRB- 31023 701 16 Detroit Detroit NNP 31023 701 17 : : : 31023 701 18 Packard Packard NNP 31023 701 19 Motor Motor NNP 31023 701 20 Car Car NNP 31023 701 21 Company Company NNP 31023 701 22 , , , 31023 701 23 1931 1931 CD 31023 701 24 ) ) -RRB- 31023 701 25 , , , 31023 701 26 p. p. NN 31023 701 27 3 3 CD 31023 701 28 . . . 31023 702 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 702 2 12 12 CD 31023 702 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 702 4 _ _ NNP 31023 702 5 S.A.E. S.A.E. NNP 31023 703 1 Journal Journal NNP 31023 703 2 _ _ NNP 31023 703 3 ( ( -LRB- 31023 703 4 April April NNP 31023 703 5 1930 1930 CD 31023 703 6 ) ) -RRB- 31023 703 7 , , , 31023 703 8 vol vol NNP 31023 703 9 . . . 31023 704 1 24 24 CD 31023 704 2 , , , 31023 704 3 no no UH 31023 704 4 . . . 31023 705 1 4 4 LS 31023 705 2 , , , 31023 705 3 pp pp NNP 31023 705 4 . . . 31023 706 1 431 431 CD 31023 706 2 and and CC 31023 706 3 432 432 CD 31023 706 4 . . . 31023 707 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 707 2 13 13 CD 31023 707 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 707 4 Letter Letter NNP 31023 707 5 , , , 31023 707 6 Richard Richard NNP 31023 707 7 Totten Totten NNP 31023 707 8 to to IN 31023 707 9 National National NNP 31023 707 10 Air Air NNP 31023 707 11 Museum Museum NNP 31023 707 12 , , , 31023 707 13 January January NNP 31023 707 14 28 28 CD 31023 707 15 , , , 31023 707 16 1964 1964 CD 31023 707 17 . . . 31023 708 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 708 2 14 14 CD 31023 708 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 708 4 Letter Letter NNP 31023 708 5 , , , 31023 708 6 Hermann Hermann NNP 31023 708 7 I. I. NNP 31023 709 1 A. a. JJ 31023 709 2 Dorner Dorner NNP 31023 709 3 to to IN 31023 709 4 National National NNP 31023 709 5 Air Air NNP 31023 709 6 Museum Museum NNP 31023 709 7 , , , 31023 709 8 December December NNP 31023 709 9 16 16 CD 31023 709 10 , , , 31023 709 11 1961 1961 CD 31023 709 12 . . . 31023 710 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 710 2 15 15 CD 31023 710 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 710 4 _ _ NNP 31023 710 5 The the DT 31023 710 6 National National NNP 31023 710 7 Aeronautic Aeronautic NNP 31023 710 8 Magazine Magazine NNP 31023 710 9 _ _ NNP 31023 710 10 ( ( -LRB- 31023 710 11 April April NNP 31023 710 12 1932 1932 CD 31023 710 13 ) ) -RRB- 31023 710 14 , , , 31023 710 15 vol vol NNP 31023 710 16 . . . 31023 711 1 10 10 CD 31023 711 2 , , , 31023 711 3 no no UH 31023 711 4 . . . 31023 712 1 4 4 LS 31023 712 2 . . . 31023 712 3 p. p. NN 31023 712 4 18 18 CD 31023 712 5 . . . 31023 713 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 713 2 16 16 CD 31023 713 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 713 4 _ _ NNP 31023 713 5 Aviation Aviation NNP 31023 713 6 _ _ NNP 31023 713 7 ( ( -LRB- 31023 713 8 May May NNP 31023 713 9 1931 1931 CD 31023 713 10 ) ) -RRB- 31023 713 11 , , , 31023 713 12 vol vol NNP 31023 713 13 . . . 31023 714 1 30 30 CD 31023 714 2 , , , 31023 714 3 no no UH 31023 714 4 . . . 31023 715 1 5 5 CD 31023 715 2 , , , 31023 715 3 p. p. NN 31023 715 4 281 281 CD 31023 715 5 . . . 31023 716 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 716 2 17 17 CD 31023 716 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 716 4 _ _ NNP 31023 716 5 The the DT 31023 716 6 Packard Packard NNP 31023 716 7 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 716 8 Aircraft Aircraft NNP 31023 716 9 Engine Engine NNP 31023 716 10 _ _ NNP 31023 716 11 , , , 31023 716 12 p. p. NN 31023 716 13 5 5 CD 31023 716 14 . . . 31023 717 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 717 2 18 18 CD 31023 717 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 717 4 _ _ NNP 31023 717 5 Instruction Instruction NNP 31023 717 6 Book Book NNP 31023 717 7 for for IN 31023 717 8 the the DT 31023 717 9 Packard Packard NNP 31023 717 10 - - HYPH 31023 717 11 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 717 12 Aircraft Aircraft NNP 31023 717 13 Engine Engine NNP 31023 717 14 _ _ NNP 31023 717 15 , , , 31023 717 16 p. p. NN 31023 717 17 3 3 CD 31023 717 18 . . . 31023 718 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 718 2 19 19 CD 31023 718 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 718 4 " " `` 31023 718 5 Test Test NNP 31023 718 6 of of IN 31023 718 7 Packard Packard NNP 31023 718 8 - - HYPH 31023 718 9 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 718 10 radial radial JJ 31023 718 11 air air NN 31023 718 12 - - HYPH 31023 718 13 cooled cool VBN 31023 718 14 engine engine NN 31023 718 15 , , , 31023 718 16 " " '' 31023 718 17 Navy Navy NNP 31023 718 18 Department Department NNP 31023 718 19 , , , 31023 718 20 Bureau Bureau NNP 31023 718 21 of of IN 31023 718 22 Aeronautics Aeronautics NNP 31023 718 23 , , , 31023 718 24 Report Report NNP 31023 718 25 AEL-335 ael-335 CD 31023 718 26 , , , 31023 718 27 July July NNP 31023 718 28 13 13 CD 31023 718 29 , , , 31023 718 30 1931 1931 CD 31023 718 31 , , , 31023 718 32 Bu Bu NNP 31023 718 33 . . . 31023 719 1 Aer Aer NNP 31023 719 2 . . . 31023 720 1 Proj Proj VBN 31023 720 2 . . . 31023 721 1 2265 2265 CD 31023 721 2 . . . 31023 722 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 722 2 20 20 CD 31023 722 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 722 4 _ _ NNP 31023 722 5 Aviation Aviation NNP 31023 722 6 _ _ NNP 31023 722 7 ( ( -LRB- 31023 722 8 May May NNP 31023 722 9 1931 1931 CD 31023 722 10 ) ) -RRB- 31023 722 11 , , , 31023 722 12 vol vol NNP 31023 722 13 . . . 31023 723 1 30 30 CD 31023 723 2 , , , 31023 723 3 no no UH 31023 723 4 . . . 31023 724 1 5 5 CD 31023 724 2 , , , 31023 724 3 p. p. NN 31023 724 4 281 281 CD 31023 724 5 . . . 31023 725 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 725 2 21 21 CD 31023 725 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 725 4 Letter Letter NNP 31023 725 5 , , , 31023 725 6 Clarence Clarence NNP 31023 725 7 H. H. NNP 31023 725 8 Wiegman Wiegman NNP 31023 725 9 to to IN 31023 725 10 National National NNP 31023 725 11 Air Air NNP 31023 725 12 Museum Museum NNP 31023 725 13 , , , 31023 725 14 November November NNP 31023 725 15 1 1 CD 31023 725 16 , , , 31023 725 17 1961 1961 CD 31023 725 18 . . . 31023 726 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 726 2 22 22 CD 31023 726 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 726 4 Letter Letter NNP 31023 726 5 , , , 31023 726 6 Dorner Dorner NNP 31023 726 7 to to IN 31023 726 8 National National NNP 31023 726 9 Air Air NNP 31023 726 10 Museum Museum NNP 31023 726 11 , , , 31023 726 12 January January NNP 31023 726 13 15 15 CD 31023 726 14 , , , 31023 726 15 1962 1962 CD 31023 726 16 . . . 31023 727 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 727 2 23 23 CD 31023 727 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 727 4 Letter Letter NNP 31023 727 5 , , , 31023 727 6 Hugo Hugo NNP 31023 727 7 T. T. NNP 31023 727 8 Byttebier Byttebier NNP 31023 727 9 to to IN 31023 727 10 National National NNP 31023 727 11 Air Air NNP 31023 727 12 Museum Museum NNP 31023 727 13 , , , 31023 727 14 October October NNP 31023 727 15 20 20 CD 31023 727 16 , , , 31023 727 17 1961 1961 CD 31023 727 18 . . . 31023 728 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 728 2 24 24 CD 31023 728 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 728 4 Letter Letter NNP 31023 728 5 , , , 31023 728 6 Clarence Clarence NNP 31023 728 7 D. D. NNP 31023 728 8 Chamberlin Chamberlin NNP 31023 728 9 to to IN 31023 728 10 National National NNP 31023 728 11 Air Air NNP 31023 728 12 Museum Museum NNP 31023 728 13 , , , 31023 728 14 February February NNP 31023 728 15 8 8 CD 31023 728 16 , , , 31023 728 17 1964 1964 CD 31023 728 18 . . . 31023 729 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 729 2 25 25 CD 31023 729 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 729 4 RUTH RUTH NNP 31023 729 5 NICHOLS NICHOLS NNP 31023 729 6 , , , 31023 729 7 _ _ NNP 31023 729 8 Wings Wings NNPS 31023 729 9 For for IN 31023 729 10 Life Life NNP 31023 729 11 _ _ NNP 31023 729 12 ( ( -LRB- 31023 729 13 Philadelphia Philadelphia NNP 31023 729 14 and and CC 31023 729 15 New New NNP 31023 729 16 York York NNP 31023 729 17 : : : 31023 729 18 J. J. NNP 31023 730 1 B. B. NNP 31023 730 2 Lippincott Lippincott NNP 31023 730 3 Co. Co. NNP 31023 730 4 , , , 31023 730 5 1957 1957 CD 31023 730 6 ) ) -RRB- 31023 730 7 , , , 31023 730 8 p. p. NN 31023 730 9 205 205 CD 31023 730 10 . . . 31023 731 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 731 2 26 26 CD 31023 731 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 731 4 Letter Letter NNP 31023 731 5 , , , 31023 731 6 Richard Richard NNP 31023 731 7 Totten Totten NNP 31023 731 8 to to IN 31023 731 9 National National NNP 31023 731 10 Air Air NNP 31023 731 11 Museum Museum NNP 31023 731 12 , , , 31023 731 13 January January NNP 31023 731 14 28 28 CD 31023 731 15 , , , 31023 731 16 1964 1964 CD 31023 731 17 . . . 31023 732 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 732 2 27 27 CD 31023 732 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 732 4 Letter Letter NNP 31023 732 5 , , , 31023 732 6 Richard Richard NNP 31023 732 7 Totten Totten NNP 31023 732 8 to to IN 31023 732 9 National National NNP 31023 732 10 Air Air NNP 31023 732 11 Museum Museum NNP 31023 732 12 , , , 31023 732 13 January January NNP 31023 732 14 28 28 CD 31023 732 15 , , , 31023 732 16 1961 1961 CD 31023 732 17 . . . 31023 733 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 733 2 28 28 CD 31023 733 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 733 4 _ _ NNP 31023 733 5 Aero Aero NNP 31023 733 6 Digest Digest NNP 31023 733 7 _ _ NNP 31023 733 8 ( ( -LRB- 31023 733 9 February February NNP 31023 733 10 1931 1931 CD 31023 733 11 ) ) -RRB- 31023 733 12 , , , 31023 733 13 vol vol NNP 31023 733 14 . . . 31023 734 1 18 18 CD 31023 734 2 , , , 31023 734 3 no no UH 31023 734 4 . . . 31023 735 1 2 2 CD 31023 735 2 , , , 31023 735 3 p. p. NN 31023 735 4 58 58 CD 31023 735 5 . . . 31023 736 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 736 2 29 29 CD 31023 736 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 736 4 " " `` 31023 736 5 50-Hour 50-hour CD 31023 736 6 Test test NN 31023 736 7 of of IN 31023 736 8 Packard Packard NNP 31023 736 9 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 736 10 Aircraft Aircraft NNP 31023 736 11 Engine Engine NNP 31023 736 12 , , , 31023 736 13 " " '' 31023 736 14 Packard Packard NNP 31023 736 15 Motor Motor NNP 31023 736 16 Car Car NNP 31023 736 17 Company Company NNP 31023 736 18 , , , 31023 736 19 Detroit Detroit NNP 31023 736 20 , , , 31023 736 21 Michigan Michigan NNP 31023 736 22 , , , 31023 736 23 serial serial JJ 31023 736 24 no no UH 31023 736 25 . . . 31023 737 1 426 426 CD 31023 737 2 , , , 31023 737 3 test test VB 31023 737 4 no no UH 31023 737 5 . . . 31023 738 1 234 234 CD 31023 738 2 - - SYM 31023 738 3 73 73 CD 31023 738 4 , , , 31023 738 5 February February NNP 31023 738 6 19 19 CD 31023 738 7 , , , 31023 738 8 1930 1930 CD 31023 738 9 . . . 31023 739 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 739 2 30 30 CD 31023 739 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 739 4 Blower blower NN 31023 739 5 in in IN 31023 739 6 this this DT 31023 739 7 sense sense NN 31023 739 8 refers refer VBZ 31023 739 9 to to IN 31023 739 10 a a DT 31023 739 11 low low JJ 31023 739 12 - - HYPH 31023 739 13 pressure pressure NN 31023 739 14 air air NN 31023 739 15 pump pump NN 31023 739 16 ( ( -LRB- 31023 739 17 supercharger supercharger NNP 31023 739 18 ) ) -RRB- 31023 739 19 designed design VBN 31023 739 20 to to TO 31023 739 21 increase increase VB 31023 739 22 cylinder cylinder NN 31023 739 23 scavenging scavenge VBG 31023 739 24 efficiency efficiency NN 31023 739 25 by by IN 31023 739 26 blowing blow VBG 31023 739 27 out out RP 31023 739 28 exhaust exhaust NN 31023 739 29 gasses gas NNS 31023 739 30 . . . 31023 740 1 In in IN 31023 740 2 doing do VBG 31023 740 3 this this DT 31023 740 4 it -PRON- PRP 31023 740 5 also also RB 31023 740 6 increases increase VBZ 31023 740 7 somewhat somewhat RB 31023 740 8 the the DT 31023 740 9 amount amount NN 31023 740 10 of of IN 31023 740 11 fresh fresh JJ 31023 740 12 air air NN 31023 740 13 introduced introduce VBN 31023 740 14 into into IN 31023 740 15 the the DT 31023 740 16 cylinders cylinder NNS 31023 740 17 . . . 31023 741 1 Woolson Woolson NNP 31023 741 2 invented invent VBD 31023 741 3 a a DT 31023 741 4 2-stroke 2-stroke CD 31023 741 5 cycle cycle NN 31023 741 6 blown blown JJ 31023 741 7 engine engine NN 31023 741 8 ; ; : 31023 741 9 the the DT 31023 741 10 patent patent NN 31023 741 11 was be VBD 31023 741 12 issued issue VBN 31023 741 13 in in IN 31023 741 14 1932 1932 CD 31023 741 15 ( ( -LRB- 31023 741 16 patent patent NN 31023 741 17 1853714 1853714 CD 31023 741 18 ) ) -RRB- 31023 741 19 with with IN 31023 741 20 rights right NNS 31023 741 21 assigned assign VBN 31023 741 22 to to IN 31023 741 23 the the DT 31023 741 24 Packard Packard NNP 31023 741 25 Motor Motor NNP 31023 741 26 Car Car NNP 31023 741 27 Company Company NNP 31023 741 28 . . . 31023 742 1 ( ( -LRB- 31023 742 2 Woolson Woolson NNP 31023 742 3 himself -PRON- PRP 31023 742 4 died die VBD 31023 742 5 in in IN 31023 742 6 1930 1930 CD 31023 742 7 . . . 31023 742 8 ) ) -RRB- 31023 743 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 743 2 31 31 CD 31023 743 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 743 4 A a DT 31023 743 5 2-stroke 2-stroke CD 31023 743 6 cycle cycle NN 31023 743 7 engine engine NN 31023 743 8 completes complete VBZ 31023 743 9 360 360 CD 31023 743 10 ° ° NNS 31023 743 11 of of IN 31023 743 12 crankshaft crankshaft NN 31023 743 13 rotation rotation NN 31023 743 14 in in IN 31023 743 15 what what WP 31023 743 16 it -PRON- PRP 31023 743 17 takes take VBZ 31023 743 18 a a DT 31023 743 19 4-stroke 4-stroke CD 31023 743 20 cycle cycle NN 31023 743 21 engine engine NN 31023 743 22 720 720 CD 31023 743 23 ° ° NNS 31023 743 24 to to TO 31023 743 25 accomplish accomplish VB 31023 743 26 . . . 31023 744 1 A a DT 31023 744 2 3-cylinder 3-cylinder CD 31023 744 3 two two CD 31023 744 4 - - HYPH 31023 744 5 stroke stroke NN 31023 744 6 cycle cycle NN 31023 744 7 engine engine NN 31023 744 8 therefore therefore RB 31023 744 9 has have VBZ 31023 744 10 the the DT 31023 744 11 same same JJ 31023 744 12 capacity capacity NN 31023 744 13 to to TO 31023 744 14 do do VB 31023 744 15 work work NN 31023 744 16 as as IN 31023 744 17 a a DT 31023 744 18 6-cylinder 6-cylinder CD 31023 744 19 four four CD 31023 744 20 - - HYPH 31023 744 21 stroke stroke NN 31023 744 22 cycle cycle NN 31023 744 23 engine engine NN 31023 744 24 . . . 31023 745 1 For for IN 31023 745 2 this this DT 31023 745 3 reason reason NN 31023 745 4 the the DT 31023 745 5 former former JJ 31023 745 6 type type NN 31023 745 7 of of IN 31023 745 8 engine engine NN 31023 745 9 is be VBZ 31023 745 10 both both CC 31023 745 11 more more RBR 31023 745 12 compact compact JJ 31023 745 13 and and CC 31023 745 14 lighter light JJR 31023 745 15 than than IN 31023 745 16 the the DT 31023 745 17 latter latter JJ 31023 745 18 type type NN 31023 745 19 . . . 31023 746 1 The the DT 31023 746 2 above above JJ 31023 746 3 advantages advantage NNS 31023 746 4 , , , 31023 746 5 plus plus CC 31023 746 6 the the DT 31023 746 7 increased increase VBN 31023 746 8 efficiency efficiency NN 31023 746 9 of of IN 31023 746 10 the the DT 31023 746 11 blown blown JJ 31023 746 12 2-cycle 2-cycle CD 31023 746 13 diesel diesel NN 31023 746 14 , , , 31023 746 15 are be VBP 31023 746 16 discussed discuss VBN 31023 746 17 in in IN 31023 746 18 _ _ NNP 31023 746 19 Flight Flight NNP 31023 746 20 -- -- : 31023 746 21 The the DT 31023 746 22 Aeronautical Aeronautical NNP 31023 746 23 Engineer Engineer NNP 31023 746 24 Supplement Supplement NNP 31023 746 25 _ _ NNP 31023 746 26 ( ( -LRB- 31023 746 27 December December NNP 31023 746 28 26 26 CD 31023 746 29 , , , 31023 746 30 1940 1940 CD 31023 746 31 ) ) -RRB- 31023 746 32 , , , 31023 746 33 vol vol NNP 31023 746 34 . . . 31023 747 1 19 19 CD 31023 747 2 , , , 31023 747 3 no no UH 31023 747 4 . . . 31023 748 1 11 11 CD 31023 748 2 , , , 31023 748 3 pp pp NNP 31023 748 4 . . . 31023 749 1 545 545 CD 31023 749 2 and and CC 31023 749 3 552 552 CD 31023 749 4 . . . 31023 750 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 750 2 32 32 CD 31023 750 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 750 4 Packard Packard NNP 31023 750 5 advertisement--_Aero advertisement--_Aero NNP 31023 750 6 Digest Digest NNP 31023 750 7 _ _ NNP 31023 750 8 ( ( -LRB- 31023 750 9 June June NNP 31023 750 10 1930 1930 CD 31023 750 11 ) ) -RRB- 31023 750 12 , , , 31023 750 13 vol vol NNP 31023 750 14 . . . 31023 751 1 16 16 CD 31023 751 2 , , , 31023 751 3 no no UH 31023 751 4 . . . 31023 752 1 6 6 CD 31023 752 2 , , , 31023 752 3 p. p. NN 31023 752 4 23 23 CD 31023 752 5 . . . 31023 753 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 753 2 33 33 CD 31023 753 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 753 4 _ _ NNP 31023 753 5 Aviation Aviation NNP 31023 753 6 _ _ NNP 31023 753 7 ( ( -LRB- 31023 753 8 March March NNP 31023 753 9 15 15 CD 31023 753 10 , , , 31023 753 11 1930 1930 CD 31023 753 12 ) ) -RRB- 31023 753 13 , , , 31023 753 14 vol vol NNP 31023 753 15 . . . 31023 754 1 28 28 CD 31023 754 2 , , , 31023 754 3 no no UH 31023 754 4 . . . 31023 755 1 11 11 CD 31023 755 2 , , , 31023 755 3 p. p. NN 31023 755 4 531 531 CD 31023 755 5 . . . 31023 756 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 756 2 34 34 CD 31023 756 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 756 4 _ _ NNP 31023 756 5 The the DT 31023 756 6 National National NNP 31023 756 7 Aeronautic Aeronautic NNP 31023 756 8 Magazine Magazine NNP 31023 756 9 _ _ NNP 31023 756 10 ( ( -LRB- 31023 756 11 April April NNP 31023 756 12 1932 1932 CD 31023 756 13 ) ) -RRB- 31023 756 14 , , , 31023 756 15 vol vol NNP 31023 756 16 . . . 31023 757 1 10 10 CD 31023 757 2 , , , 31023 757 3 no no UH 31023 757 4 . . . 31023 758 1 4 4 LS 31023 758 2 . . CD 31023 758 3 , , , 31023 758 4 p. p. NN 31023 758 5 18 18 CD 31023 758 6 . . . 31023 759 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 759 2 35 35 CD 31023 759 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 759 4 Appendix Appendix NNP 31023 759 5 , , , 31023 759 6 p. p. NN 31023 759 7 47 47 CD 31023 759 8 . . . 31023 760 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 760 2 36 36 CD 31023 760 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 760 4 See See NNP 31023 760 5 Woolson Woolson NNP 31023 760 6 's 's POS 31023 760 7 patent patent NN 31023 760 8 1794047 1794047 CD 31023 760 9 , , , 31023 760 10 issued issue VBN 31023 760 11 in in IN 31023 760 12 1931 1931 CD 31023 760 13 and and CC 31023 760 14 assigned assign VBN 31023 760 15 to to IN 31023 760 16 the the DT 31023 760 17 Packard Packard NNP 31023 760 18 Motor Motor NNP 31023 760 19 Car Car NNP 31023 760 20 Company Company NNP 31023 760 21 . . . 31023 761 1 " " `` 31023 761 2 An an DT 31023 761 3 object object NN 31023 761 4 of of IN 31023 761 5 my -PRON- PRP$ 31023 761 6 invention invention NN 31023 761 7 is be VBZ 31023 761 8 to to TO 31023 761 9 automatically automatically RB 31023 761 10 regulate regulate VB 31023 761 11 the the DT 31023 761 12 compression compression NN 31023 761 13 ratio ratio NN 31023 761 14 in in IN 31023 761 15 an an DT 31023 761 16 engine engine NN 31023 761 17 inversely inversely RB 31023 761 18 to to IN 31023 761 19 the the DT 31023 761 20 speed speed NN 31023 761 21 .... .... . 31023 761 22 " " '' 31023 761 23 See see VB 31023 761 24 also also RB 31023 761 25 his -PRON- PRP$ 31023 761 26 patent patent NN 31023 761 27 1891321 1891321 CD 31023 761 28 , , , 31023 761 29 issued issue VBN 31023 761 30 in in IN 31023 761 31 1932 1932 CD 31023 761 32 and and CC 31023 761 33 assigned assign VBN 31023 761 34 to to IN 31023 761 35 the the DT 31023 761 36 Packard Packard NNP 31023 761 37 Motor Motor NNP 31023 761 38 Car Car NNP 31023 761 39 Company Company NNP 31023 761 40 . . . 31023 762 1 It -PRON- PRP 31023 762 2 describes describe VBZ 31023 762 3 a a DT 31023 762 4 similar similar JJ 31023 762 5 but but CC 31023 762 6 nonautomatic nonautomatic JJ 31023 762 7 system system NN 31023 762 8 . . . 31023 763 1 Woolson Woolson NNP 31023 763 2 therefore therefore RB 31023 763 3 fully fully RB 31023 763 4 realized realize VBD 31023 763 5 the the DT 31023 763 6 disadvantages disadvantage NNS 31023 763 7 of of IN 31023 763 8 the the DT 31023 763 9 high high JJ 31023 763 10 cylinder cylinder NN 31023 763 11 pressures pressure VBZ 31023 763 12 his -PRON- PRP$ 31023 763 13 engine engine NN 31023 763 14 developed develop VBN 31023 763 15 at at IN 31023 763 16 high high NNP 31023 763 17 rpm rpm NNP 31023 763 18 's 's POS 31023 763 19 . . . 31023 764 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 764 2 37 37 CD 31023 764 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 764 4 Letter Letter NNP 31023 764 5 , , , 31023 764 6 Clarence Clarence NNP 31023 764 7 H. H. NNP 31023 764 8 Wiegman Wiegman NNP 31023 764 9 to to IN 31023 764 10 National National NNP 31023 764 11 Air Air NNP 31023 764 12 Museum Museum NNP 31023 764 13 , , , 31023 764 14 November November NNP 31023 764 15 1 1 CD 31023 764 16 , , , 31023 764 17 1961 1961 CD 31023 764 18 . . . 31023 765 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 765 2 38 38 CD 31023 765 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 765 4 Ibid Ibid NNP 31023 765 5 . . . 31023 766 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 766 2 39 39 CD 31023 766 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 766 4 Major Major NNP 31023 766 5 George George NNP 31023 766 6 E. E. NNP 31023 766 7 A. a. NN 31023 766 8 Hallet Hallet NNP 31023 766 9 , , , 31023 766 10 U.S. U.S. NNP 31023 766 11 Air Air NNP 31023 766 12 Service Service NNP 31023 766 13 , , , 31023 766 14 former former JJ 31023 766 15 director director NN 31023 766 16 of of IN 31023 766 17 engineering engineering NN 31023 766 18 division division NN 31023 766 19 , , , 31023 766 20 McCook McCook NNP 31023 766 21 Field Field NNP 31023 766 22 , , , 31023 766 23 Dayton Dayton NNP 31023 766 24 , , , 31023 766 25 Ohio Ohio NNP 31023 766 26 . . . 31023 767 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 767 2 40 40 CD 31023 767 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 767 4 " " `` 31023 767 5 Test Test NNP 31023 767 6 of of IN 31023 767 7 Packard Packard NNP 31023 767 8 - - HYPH 31023 767 9 Diesel Diesel NNP 31023 767 10 radial radial JJ 31023 767 11 air air NN 31023 767 12 - - HYPH 31023 767 13 cooled cool VBN 31023 767 14 engine engine NN 31023 767 15 , , , 31023 767 16 " " '' 31023 767 17 Navy Navy NNP 31023 767 18 Department Department NNP 31023 767 19 , , , 31023 767 20 Bureau Bureau NNP 31023 767 21 of of IN 31023 767 22 Aeronautics Aeronautics NNP 31023 767 23 , , , 31023 767 24 Report Report NNP 31023 767 25 AEL-335 ael-335 CD 31023 767 26 , , , 31023 767 27 July July NNP 31023 767 28 13 13 CD 31023 767 29 , , , 31023 767 30 1931 1931 CD 31023 767 31 , , , 31023 767 32 BuAer BuAer NNP 31023 767 33 Proj Proj NNP 31023 767 34 . . . 31023 768 1 2265 2265 CD 31023 768 2 . . . 31023 769 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 769 2 41 41 CD 31023 769 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 769 4 _ _ NNP 31023 769 5 Aviation Aviation NNP 31023 769 6 Week Week NNP 31023 769 7 and and CC 31023 769 8 Space Space NNP 31023 769 9 Technology Technology NNP 31023 769 10 _ _ NNP 31023 769 11 ( ( -LRB- 31023 769 12 February February NNP 31023 769 13 19 19 CD 31023 769 14 , , , 31023 769 15 1962 1962 CD 31023 769 16 ) ) -RRB- 31023 769 17 , , , 31023 769 18 vol vol NNP 31023 769 19 . . . 31023 770 1 76 76 CD 31023 770 2 , , , 31023 770 3 no no UH 31023 770 4 . . . 31023 771 1 8 8 CD 31023 771 2 , , , 31023 771 3 p. p. NN 31023 771 4 101 101 CD 31023 771 5 . . . 31023 772 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 772 2 42 42 CD 31023 772 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 772 4 _ _ NNP 31023 772 5 Aeronautics Aeronautics NNP 31023 772 6 _ _ NNP 31023 772 7 ( ( -LRB- 31023 772 8 October October NNP 31023 772 9 1929 1929 CD 31023 772 10 ) ) -RRB- 31023 772 11 , , , 31023 772 12 vol vol NNP 31023 772 13 . . . 31023 773 1 5 5 CD 31023 773 2 , , , 31023 773 3 no no UH 31023 773 4 . . . 31023 774 1 4 4 CD 31023 774 2 , , , 31023 774 3 p. p. NN 31023 774 4 31 31 CD 31023 774 5 . . . 31023 775 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 775 2 43 43 CD 31023 775 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 775 4 Letter Letter NNP 31023 775 5 , , , 31023 775 6 Richard Richard NNP 31023 775 7 Totten Totten NNP 31023 775 8 to to IN 31023 775 9 National National NNP 31023 775 10 Air Air NNP 31023 775 11 Museum Museum NNP 31023 775 12 , , , 31023 775 13 January January NNP 31023 775 14 28 28 CD 31023 775 15 , , , 31023 775 16 1964 1964 CD 31023 775 17 . . . 31023 776 1 [ [ -LRB- 31023 776 2 44 44 CD 31023 776 3 ] ] -RRB- 31023 776 4 According accord VBG 31023 776 5 to to IN 31023 776 6 Frederic Frederic NNP 31023 776 7 E. E. NNP 31023 776 8 Hatch Hatch NNP 31023 776 9 of of IN 31023 776 10 the the DT 31023 776 11 National National NNP 31023 776 12 Air Air NNP 31023 776 13 Museum Museum NNP 31023 776 14 , , , 31023 776 15 it -PRON- PRP 31023 776 16 is be VBZ 31023 776 17 possible possible JJ 31023 776 18 that that IN 31023 776 19 the the DT 31023 776 20 engine engine NN 31023 776 21 failed fail VBD 31023 776 22 because because IN 31023 776 23 the the DT 31023 776 24 fuel fuel NN 31023 776 25 injectors injector NNS 31023 776 26 became become VBD 31023 776 27 clogged clogged JJ 31023 776 28 . . . 31023 777 1 He -PRON- PRP 31023 777 2 notes note VBZ 31023 777 3 that that IN 31023 777 4 the the DT 31023 777 5 airplane airplane NN 31023 777 6 refueled refuel VBD 31023 777 7 at at IN 31023 777 8 several several JJ 31023 777 9 fishing fishing NN 31023 777 10 ports port NNS 31023 777 11 , , , 31023 777 12 and and CC 31023 777 13 therefore therefore RB 31023 777 14 must must MD 31023 777 15 have have VB 31023 777 16 used use VBN 31023 777 17 diesel diesel NN 31023 777 18 oil oil NN 31023 777 19 set set VBN 31023 777 20 aside aside RB 31023 777 21 for for IN 31023 777 22 fishing fishing NN 31023 777 23 boats boat NNS 31023 777 24 . . . 31023 778 1 This this DT 31023 778 2 oil oil NN 31023 778 3 was be VBD 31023 778 4 generally generally RB 31023 778 5 quite quite RB 31023 778 6 dirty dirty JJ 31023 778 7 . . . 31023 779 1 As as IN 31023 779 2 a a DT 31023 779 3 result result NN 31023 779 4 it -PRON- PRP 31023 779 5 was be VBD 31023 779 6 routine routine JJ 31023 779 7 for for IN 31023 779 8 the the DT 31023 779 9 fishermen fisherman NNS 31023 779 10 to to TO 31023 779 11 have have VB 31023 779 12 to to TO 31023 779 13 clean clean VB 31023 779 14 engine engine NN 31023 779 15 oil oil NN 31023 779 16 filters filter NNS 31023 779 17 frequently frequently RB 31023 779 18 enroute enroute VBP 31023 779 19 . . . 31023 780 1 The the DT 31023 780 2 oil oil NN 31023 780 3 filters filter NNS 31023 780 4 of of IN 31023 780 5 the the DT 31023 780 6 Packard Packard NNP 31023 780 7 diesel diesel NN 31023 780 8 could could MD 31023 780 9 not not RB 31023 780 10 be be VB 31023 780 11 cleaned clean VBN 31023 780 12 in in IN 31023 780 13 flight flight NN 31023 780 14 . . . 31023 781 1 Transcriber Transcriber NNP 31023 781 2 's 's POS 31023 781 3 Notes note NNS 31023 781 4 : : : 31023 781 5 Passages passage NNS 31023 781 6 in in IN 31023 781 7 italics italic NNS 31023 781 8 are be VBP 31023 781 9 indicated indicate VBN 31023 781 10 by by IN 31023 781 11 _ _ NNP 31023 781 12 underscore underscore NNP 31023 781 13 _ _ NNP 31023 781 14 . . . 31023 782 1 Passages passage NNS 31023 782 2 in in IN 31023 782 3 bold bold JJ 31023 782 4 are be VBP 31023 782 5 indicated indicate VBN 31023 782 6 by by IN 31023 782 7 = = NNS 31023 782 8 bold=. bold=. . 31023 783 1 The the DT 31023 783 2 following follow VBG 31023 783 3 misprints misprint NNS 31023 783 4 have have VBP 31023 783 5 been be VBN 31023 783 6 corrected correct VBN 31023 783 7 : : : 31023 783 8 " " `` 31023 783 9 crackcase crackcase NN 31023 783 10 " " '' 31023 783 11 corrected correct VBN 31023 783 12 to to TO 31023 783 13 " " `` 31023 783 14 crankcase crankcase VB 31023 783 15 " " '' 31023 783 16 ( ( -LRB- 31023 783 17 page page NN 31023 783 18 16 16 CD 31023 783 19 ) ) -RRB- 31023 783 20 " " `` 31023 783 21 is be VBZ 31023 783 22 is be VBZ 31023 783 23 " " `` 31023 783 24 corrected correct VBN 31023 783 25 to to IN 31023 783 26 " " `` 31023 783 27 it -PRON- PRP 31023 783 28 is be VBZ 31023 783 29 " " '' 31023 783 30 ( ( -LRB- 31023 783 31 page page NN 31023 783 32 36 36 CD 31023 783 33 ) ) -RRB- 31023 783 34 Other other JJ 31023 783 35 than than IN 31023 783 36 the the DT 31023 783 37 corrections correction NNS 31023 783 38 listed list VBN 31023 783 39 above above RB 31023 783 40 , , , 31023 783 41 printer printer NNP 31023 783 42 's 's POS 31023 783 43 inconsistencies inconsistency NNS 31023 783 44 in in IN 31023 783 45 spelling spelling NN 31023 783 46 , , , 31023 783 47 punctuation punctuation NN 31023 783 48 , , , 31023 783 49 and and CC 31023 783 50 hyphenation hyphenation NN 31023 783 51 usage usage NN 31023 783 52 have have VBP 31023 783 53 been be VBN 31023 783 54 retained retain VBN 31023 783 55 . . .