Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 170 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 74692 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 78 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 88 Mr. 61 God 59 slave 58 States 58 South 54 New 46 North 43 United 39 man 36 Union 36 England 33 Congress 31 Slavery 30 Virginia 30 Lord 28 Constitution 26 John 24 York 24 Mrs. 24 Carolina 23 Miss 21 War 21 County 20 St. 19 Dr. 18 General 17 House 17 Georgia 16 southern 16 West 16 Mississippi 16 Africa 15 Yankees 15 Society 15 Government 15 CHAPTER 14 old 14 Washington 14 President 13 christian 13 american 13 Footnote 12 come 12 Mary 11 Maryland 11 Indians 11 Bible 10 slavery 10 free 10 Uncle Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 37234 slave 34262 man 25510 time 18875 day 16566 year 15076 slavery 14017 people 12382 law 12143 master 11037 state 10701 place 10171 hand 10142 house 10063 country 9965 child 9779 power 9662 right 9449 thing 9254 way 8069 part 7760 life 7633 night 7572 person 7343 work 7220 mother 7104 word 7086 nothing 6776 war 6612 case 6570 woman 6446 servant 6282 negro 6051 father 6049 friend 5960 land 5950 name 5926 property 5619 one 5577 number 5415 fact 5408 side 5385 government 5289 family 5285 order 5207 plantation 5088 head 5074 question 5028 subject 5005 other 4913 heart Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 105169 _ 18502 Mr. 14419 States 13285 de 8969 General 7886 South 7802 God 7255 United 6793 New 6671 dat 6326 Congress 5845 dey 5804 Virginia 5496 Union 5361 State 5122 North 5079 Constitution 4528 Miss 4431 John 4133 � 4097 Slavery 4077 Carolina 3614 England 3460 Mrs. 3245 President 2966 War 2949 Government 2913 York 2891 Lord 2839 House 2687 Dr. 2685 Washington 2552 Georgia 2523 America 2513 . 2497 Footnote 2410 St. 2320 District 2242 De 2174 Indians 2155 West 2146 Society 2138 Dey 2109 James 2087 Mississippi 2065 c. 2045 George 2009 Thomas 1978 Lincoln 1940 Arkansas Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 144598 i 110930 it 97151 he 70091 they 50503 we 44685 you 39291 them 36297 him 34639 me 28439 she 20381 us 11544 her 6178 himself 5452 themselves 3529 ''em 3354 myself 2745 itself 1310 ourselves 1166 herself 1046 em 874 one 842 thee 723 yourself 468 mine 304 yours 291 sho 288 theirs 286 ours 228 his 207 ye 139 thyself 112 jus 107 ''s 104 hisself 96 yourselves 80 hers 52 uv 20 ob 18 thy 14 iv 12 clo''es 11 oneself 11 duh 10 yo 10 ya 9 whereof 8 ourself 8 eva 7 yuh 7 yerself Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 442155 be 149449 have 56469 do 36235 say 30212 make 27110 go 22983 come 22437 take 21303 see 19351 know 18962 give 16918 get 12914 find 11800 tell 11772 think 9705 leave 8910 call 8526 hear 8421 look 8033 bring 7998 follow 7812 hold 7656 let 7588 live 7563 become 7492 keep 6977 put 6579 work 6540 use 6519 send 6490 pass 6230 ask 6143 bear 6130 seem 5699 feel 5629 want 5626 sell 5387 receive 5382 carry 5367 believe 5294 stand 4995 run 4894 speak 4853 die 4719 turn 4647 show 4338 fall 4248 pay 4154 meet 4098 begin Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 89044 not 26792 so 20509 more 20182 up 19180 now 18846 other 18298 then 15440 great 14932 good 14832 out 14597 only 14417 very 14312 well 14193 old 13778 as 12987 such 12103 much 12074 never 11579 own 11249 most 11134 little 11086 long 10742 first 10713 same 10547 free 10264 many 10235 here 9684 white 9296 down 8538 there 8125 back 8106 too 7952 even 7845 just 7574 also 6832 away 6710 off 6608 few 6593 again 6568 still 6462 ever 6389 about 6308 far 6204 soon 6164 last 6111 thus 6009 young 5984 large 5588 however 5541 on Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2881 good 2612 most 2044 least 1030 high 1018 great 543 bad 401 Most 342 old 332 slight 293 large 288 early 281 low 246 strong 210 near 191 manif 178 fine 154 young 154 small 144 deep 133 rich 129 dear 117 eld 110 able 106 big 90 noble 90 late 80 full 77 wise 73 happy 72 onli 71 poor 67 heavy 64 j 63 hard 62 bright 60 mean 56 warm 54 pure 52 mild 51 fair 48 short 48 dark 47 cheap 43 l 40 safe 39 vile 36 wild 36 simple 36 proud 36 long Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8636 most 409 well 354 least 14 near 10 worst 8 greatest 7 hard 6 jest 4 lest 4 highest 3 youngest 3 eldest 2 strongest 2 ones,--first 2 oldest 2 lookest 2 long 1 wordsworth,--the 1 wisest 1 states?--the 1 smartest 1 servant'';--whether 1 sayest 1 say-- 1 quoted:-- 1 pourest 1 opened,--the 1 nurse"--the 1 negroes''--the 1 neatest 1 latest 1 kindest 1 jes 1 house"--the 1 gayest 1 gavest 1 freest 1 finest 1 farthest 1 deepest 1 comest 1 codes,--the 1 clauses,--the 1 circle,--the 1 brightest Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 gallica.bnf.fr 1 www.hti.umich.edu 1 archive.org Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 3 http://gallica.bnf.fr 1 http://www.hti.umich.edu/m/moa/ 1 http://archive.org/details/fifteendaysanext00putniala Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- 1 dave@pluckerbooks.com 1 nrcgsh@ritvax.isc.rit.edu 1 nrcgsh@ritvax.bitn Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 183 _ is _ 86 slavery is not 65 _ are _ 59 slaves are not 59 slaves were not 58 _ was _ 53 slave is not 48 _ have _ 45 _ did _ 41 _ do _ 41 _ is not 39 _ do n''t 36 _ use _ 36 god is just 35 slavery was not 31 _ had _ 31 slaves did n''t 30 states are not 28 _ know _ 28 _ were _ 28 master did not 27 slavery is _ 27 slaves did not 23 slaves do not 22 _ did not 22 man is not 22 people did not 21 _ see _ 20 _ has _ 20 _ held _ 20 _ knew _ 20 men are equal 19 _ do not 19 _ does not 18 master was not 18 men are not 18 slave was not 18 slaves are free 18 thing is certain 17 men were not 17 states were not 16 _ holding _ 16 children were not 16 day is not 16 law does not 16 people are not 16 people did n''t 16 people do n''t 16 states having slaves 15 _ hold _ Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17 slavery is not only 9 god is no respecter 8 day is not far 8 states having no slaves 8 time is not far 7 _ has not _ 7 slavery was not only 6 _ did not _ 6 _ has no power 6 _ is not far 6 law makes no criminal 6 slave is no palliation 6 slavery is no longer 6 slavery is not sinful 6 states have no power 5 _ were not _ 5 power was not likely 4 _ was no part 4 master did not _ 4 people are not so 4 slave is no less 4 slave is not sin 4 slavery had no existence 4 slaves are not property 4 slaves had no food 4 slaves have no will 4 slaves were not equal 4 states work no longer 3 day is not altogether 3 man is not fit 3 men have no power 3 men were not quite 3 men were not together 3 people have no right 3 people were not fairly 3 powers having no common 3 slave is not always 3 slavery is not sin 3 slaves are not only 3 slaves is not necessarily 3 slaves were not legally 3 slaves were not only 3 south are not more 3 south has no cause 3 south has no literature 3 south were not slow 3 state is not thereby 3 states are not free 3 states are not only 3 states had no knowledge Sizes of items; "Measures in words, how big is each item?" ---------------------------------------------------------- 1108559 57383 989439 11275 357051 11273 310118 11272 249150 11271 242287 7140 226605 22100 198950 11490 194240 11329 174124 8000 158717 12101 148307 37890 144415 38173 137992 55813 128367 10549 124516 4958 123431 18687 122880 27949 122073 32923 116303 36055 115177 45230 114018 18688 113664 12422 112786 31178 110945 31425 106937 19446 106310 40760 106170 18485 105443 11454 103071 16741 102616 32500 102203 45954 101626 21449 99177 31410 99171 18912 98316 13602 97743 9599 97452 11709 96870 13700 96570 21508 95895 11544 93508 22166 92872 21701 92813 22976 92487 11255 92417 32809 91058 18484 87871 35481 86311 28242 85027 34487 84294 45631 84141 31219 83075 10898 82408 11137 81487 32507 81371 55021 77937 67 76218 28170 73146 11274 71886 34594 69838 9580 69076 52113 66088 11422 66080 59834 63828 21472 62515 10637 59011 49745 58368 13984 56714 38716 56709 13579 56622 15698 55539 31844 54485 19949 53870 52782 53373 15398 53283 10619 52996 10611 52726 38855 47792 47050 47075 2127 46493 9595 46297 7135 44054 29055 43860 11489 42417 7134 41074 11920 40878 50020 40426 7133 40056 51855 39474 5205 39441 44736 37583 9171 37178 41709 35362 63254 34653 10859 33535 37296 32730 16516 32126 7137 31906 44579 31532 10386 29595 1052 28962 35222 28757 15130 28545 15096 28004 7138 27639 17851 27572 7136 27485 28197 27213 26123 26594 22089 25579 32058 25519 7139 25461 21448 24612 41173 23978 28064 23380 19932 22523 32239 22346 11552 22257 9941 20973 21251 20687 15128 20320 9915 19584 31191 18021 9575 17298 17864 17206 11171 17174 46091 16403 20005 14488 15118 14034 15036 13504 15006 12369 9577 12329 4048 12054 40698 11874 44761 11874 40799 11297 9576 10618 51371 10385 10448 10071 10075 9566 32615 9300 28021 9208 17820 8472 17971 8216 99 8168 27767 8011 45125 7873 35662 7786 53904 7695 13986 5105 11485 4904 33696 4654 34915 4341 17826 4273 45522 4194 13987 2951 20360 2335 44398 1329 17773 781 16081 660 17604 25277 24503 24194 4055 23956 24613 25653 25154 24968 Readability of items; "How difficult is each item to read?" ----------------------------------------------------------- 99.0 11255 99.0 11544 99.0 21508 98.0 16081 98.0 10448 98.0 22089 98.0 11709 98.0 11422 97.0 17604 97.0 18484 96.0 32615 96.0 22166 96.0 28021 95.0 18485 95.0 13602 94.0 9576 94.0 44398 94.0 11485 93.0 9580 93.0 59834 93.0 51855 93.0 11920 93.0 27949 93.0 18687 93.0 18688 92.0 9575 92.0 9577 92.0 52782 88.0 17864 88.0 4048 87.0 13579 86.0 1052 86.0 55813 86.0 11552 86.0 49745 85.0 21448 84.0 15036 84.0 20360 83.0 45522 83.0 32923 83.0 44579 83.0 52113 83.0 10549 82.0 15096 82.0 32507 82.0 16741 82.0 21472 81.0 20005 81.0 21449 81.0 34487 80.0 31410 80.0 15398 80.0 17826 79.0 9171 79.0 4958 79.0 45631 79.0 55021 79.0 9941 78.0 10075 78.0 9915 78.0 13984 78.0 10898 78.0 17851 78.0 34594 78.0 15130 78.0 21701 77.0 16516 77.0 51371 77.0 15118 77.0 17820 76.0 45125 76.0 38716 76.0 13987 75.0 11271 75.0 19949 75.0 10859 75.0 38855 74.0 47050 74.0 36055 74.0 41709 74.0 15128 73.0 35222 73.0 2127 73.0 15006 73.0 34915 72.0 44736 72.0 44761 72.0 11275 72.0 11137 72.0 15698 72.0 99 71.0 50020 71.0 11273 71.0 11489 70.0 40760 70.0 11272 70.0 22100 70.0 45230 70.0 12101 69.0 21251 69.0 10386 69.0 32809 69.0 37890 68.0 32239 68.0 11274 68.0 45954 68.0 38173 68.0 11329 67.0 41173 67.0 10611 67.0 27767 67.0 28242 67.0 7135 67.0 11490 66.0 35481 66.0 28197 66.0 9599 66.0 57383 65.0 8000 65.0 9595 65.0 7133 65.0 29055 64.0 37296 64.0 17971 64.0 31178 64.0 31191 64.0 12422 63.0 32500 63.0 35662 63.0 67 63.0 7140 63.0 10637 62.0 53904 62.0 7134 62.0 7137 62.0 7138 62.0 33696 61.0 7136 60.0 31844 60.0 5205 60.0 26123 60.0 11454 59.0 32058 58.0 31425 58.0 7139 58.0 10619 56.0 13986 56.0 40799 55.0 40698 53.0 28064 53.0 63254 103.0 46091 103.0 19932 102.0 17773 101.0 18912 101.0 11171 100.0 19446 100.0 13700 100.0 28170 100.0 22976 100.0 31219 25277 24503 24194 4055 23956 24613 25653 25154 24968 Item summaries; "In a narrative form, how can each item be abstracted?" ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 10075 his sister some time I was taken to my master''s place to live. The first of the time of living at my master''s own place, I was pretty For my master having set me off my business to perform that day and master owned a certain Irishman, named Heddy, who about that time Not a long time passed after that, before Heddy was sent by my master About one year and a half after that time, my master One time my master sent me two miles after a barrel of When my master returned from the island, his wife told him of the A short time after my master carried me to Hartford, not appear to redeem me I went, at called at my old master Stanton''s I asked my master one time if he would my master towards redeeming my time, was seventy-one pounds two 10386 planters of Trinidad were sure that no free Negroes would ever work, stated, that our West Indian slaves were to be emancipated _suddenly_, are born into the world; and why is the Negro slave in our colonies to slaves_ then in the British West Indian Islands when put together. I have now considered no less than six cases of slaves emancipated in His slaves did not only three times more work makes an English labourer do more work in the day than a slave, but the That West Indian slaves, when they work for themselves, do much more in But the fact, that the slaves in the West Indies do much more work for little a West Indian slave really does, when he works for his master; labourer does three times as much work as a Negro in the West Indies. [13] All the slave-population was to be emancipated in 18 years; and 10448 To all true friends of the Slave, the Anti-Slavery Harp is While hope, to thy heart, like the rain-bow so cheering, From thy poor little blind boy, the long weary day! Once more let thy poor little blind one be pressed; Yes, trembling slaves in freedom''s land, Pray on, pray on, all hearts resolved--these captives shall be free. Pray on, pray on, all hearts resolved--these captives shall be free. Toil on, toil on, all hearts resolved--these captives shall be free. all hearts resolved--these captives shall be free! Guided on by thy light, freedom''s star. Let his lungs breathe our free northern air! Who shall breathe in its pure mountain air. O, deep was the anguish of the slave mother''s heart, And each wish of thy heart shall be felt as a law." That we poor souls shall all be free? The fettered slave shall yet be free. The fettered slave shall yet be free. 1052 those who profess to love the Lord their God with all the heart, and "''Pears as if my poor old mudder," said Annie, brushing away the tears, that chain of loving-kindnesses by which this little slave-child was to heart of a sweet pine grove, a little way from the house, and Tidy "Tidy is a good child," replied Miss Matilda. abode for Tidy, who found in Mammy Grace even a better mother than old de Lord he hold ''em all in de holler ob his hand," said the old negress, "How I wish I could read,--why can''t I?" asked Tidy; and the little of life; that loved and feared the Lord, and sung and prayed like any prayed, and one night de good Lord comed hissef, and bringd his great, God "leads the blind in the way they know not." Tidy knew nothing of I think that God, in his tender love and pity for Tidy, 10549 "What are you going to do with yourself this evening, Alfred?" said Mr. Royal to his companion, as they issued from his counting-house in New "Let her do as she likes, Rosa dear," said her father. "You would make Taglioni jealous," said Mr. Fitzgerald, addressing the little dancer; and Mr. King silently "Dear Gerald, you didn''t tell us Tulee was here," said Rosa. "But tell me one thing, my little friend," continued Mrs. Delano. "I want you to come again as soon as you can," said Mrs. Delano, "I felt troubled when I went away the other day," said Flora. "I should think something would happen very often then," rejoined Mrs. Delano with a smile, to which she responded with her ready little Flora said, "Rosa, dear, does it pain you very much to hear about Mr. Fitzgerald?" some general conversation, Flora said: "You know Mrs. Fitzgerald is "Poor Mrs. Fitzgerald!" said Flora. 10611 Till this time it does not appear, that any bodies of men, had circumstances, we may reasonably expect to be produced in time) let it slavery: and I have heard these unanimously assert, that Mr. _Ramsay''s_ account is so far from being exaggerated, or taken from Conversion of the African Slaves in the British Sugar Colonies; a work of these the African commerce or _Slave Trade_ consists; that they [Footnote 030: The following short history of the African servitude, is To this consideration we shall add the following, that if men can justly consider themselves as _men_, but us unfortunate Africans, whom this country, than slaves in the colonies, his observation will be just. [Footnote 065: "A boy having received six slaves as a present from his wretched Africans are torn from their country in a state of nature, and [Footnote 112: The _African_ slave is of this description; and we 10619 His Observations Of Life and Manners in the Free and Slave States. subject, the relative position at the time of the negro race in those the most populous parts of the states of New York and Ohio, proceeding, vessel, and we, to our great joy (a case of small pox having occurred The lower part of Wall-street presented a busy mart-like appearance, route lying through a slave-holding state, where a white and coloured southern towns and cities, for the negro population to resort to places first time I called at his residence, I thought him a man of superior United States troops, or travellers like ourselves, and Indians or existing at the time between the Indians and white men. negroes ever before known in the southern states of America. of miscalled justice on negroes in all slave-holding states in America, attending the sufferance of such men at large in the slave states, and 10637 Let us enlist; for the Slave States, on their part, are losing no time. the slavery party had again achieved a victory, the United States would to the car of slavery: to make slave States, to conquer Territories for received in the slave States by Mr. Lincoln prove it a very great Like the United States, it has slavery, but it perilous risks all the great works that do honor to the United States. has been passing in the United States since the South proclaimed its Better than this, a declared adversary of slavery, Mr. Blair, was elected representative by this same slave State, Missouri, on In electing Mr. Lincoln, the United States decided thus: Slavery will The United States do not know how great will be the transformation of the United States by the institution of slavery; it has forbidden perhaps at war with the States that take in hand the cause of slavery, 10859 If Paul complained, his mother pointed to Virginia; and at One day, coming down that mountain, I saw Virginia at the end "At this sight Virginia burst into tears, and pressed her mother''s hand and She took Paul and Virginia in her arms, and, embracing them, cried, Virginia, holding Paul by the hand, drew near, and with much emotion begged Paul said to Virginia, ''My dear sister, it band, approaching Paul and Virginia, said to them, ''Good little white Virginia, affected by this scene, said to Paul, with emotion, ''O, my dear Virginia, upon receiving this little picture from the hands of Paul, said dear friend, no, my beloved children,'' replied Madame de la Tour; ''I will Thither, amidst the heats of summer, Madame de la Tour, Margaret, Virginia, tree had risen but a little from the ground at the time of Virginia''s Madame de la Tour said to Paul, ''My son, go and inform our 10898 that "Peter, American negro-man, 38 years old, [was] _a good cook, New Orleans--the metropolis of a great slave country,--a town in which subject, "The importance of the Sabbath to young men in great cities." The Slave-Auction (continued)--"A Fine Young Woman"--A Man and his The Slave-Auction (continued)--"A Fine Young Woman"--A Man and his him with a young coloured man of about twenty-two years of age, respect_;" and then said to the young man, "Turn this way, and let the Sabbath-School--Proceedings in "Church"--A Sermon on "The New Sabbath-School--Proceedings in "Church"--A Sermon on "The New years old; also a very likely girl, good house-servant and tolerable clean and comely congregation of black and coloured people in New Sunday-School--Visit to a Church of Coloured People--Engagement at the Sunday-School--Visit to a Church of Coloured People--Engagement at the A Fast-Day--Political Sermons--A Church of Coloured People--The A Fast-Day--Political Sermons--A Church of Coloured People--The 11137 Helm was not a good business man, unless we call horse-racing, blights all within its influence: the colored and the white man, the slave it soon passed off, and the sorrowful slaves put the old man''s remains in knew nothing of felling trees, and the poor slaves had rather a hard time colored man named Dunbar, sprang to the helm, and with great difficulty A short time after, the overseer called at the cabin of one of the slaves, Men who have been raised in the Slave States, where, if the laws do not About this time a man named Henry Tower came to Bath to hire "slave boys," in the service of their master''s country, and the slave-owner received "Oh yes, I know it; I heard master to-day making a bargain with the slave the poor slave has no home, no family to protect; no country to defend; 11171 Uncle Tom and Aunt Chloe lived together in a pretty little cottage built Then Haley said, ''Give me that slave of yours called Tom--he is worth a ''I''m running away, Uncle Tom and Aunt Chloe--carrying off my child,'' sold my Harry, and you, Uncle Tom. The man is coming to take you away ''You don''t need to do that,'' said Mrs. Shelby, ''Tom won''t run away.'' ''Please give my love to Mas''r George,'' said Tom, looking round sadly. ''Thank you, my little lady,'' said Tom. Just at this moment, the boat stopped at a small landing-place to take ''Look up, Tom,'' he said to him, ''and see how you like your new master.'' ''Yes, Uncle Tom, it begins to look beautiful,'' said Eva, gazing on it ''Topsy,'' said Miss Ophelia, ''don''t you know it is wicked to tell lies?'' George and Eliza what Tom Loker had said. 11255 I don''t know how long they stayed after the old man died. and tell us tales bout old times like you want to know. old folk were working the larger young uns mongst the children would "Folks like me what got children think the way they do is all right. "Papa run the gin on Mr. Sprangle''s place, then he went to war, come "I reckon I lived in Arkansas about thirty years before I left and come "Mama didn''t live only till I was about three years old, so I don''t know "What little I know, an old white woman taught me. for the white folks how I come to know so much bout it all. "According to my old father and mother, the Patteroles went and got the "I don''t remember what the old man said about freedom coming. My mother said that an old white man came through the quarters one 11271 If thou buy a Hebrew servant, six years shall he serve, and in the If thou buy a Hebrew servant, six years shall he serve, and in the _slavery is a crime against God and man_, and that it is a great sin to slavery, as it is presented to us, in the laws of the slave States; and relation of master and servant is approved of God. It is the slavery "_Thou shall not deliver unto his master the servant which is escaped "_Thou shall not deliver unto his master the servant which is escaped servant flees from his master to the Israelites; God speaks, "He shall That this is American slavery, is shown by the laws of slave states. That this is American slavery, is shown by the laws of slave states. That this is American slavery, is shown by the laws of slave states. 11272 _people_ in any state where slavery exists, have the power to abolish [Footnote A: Virginia made slaves real estate by a law passed in 1705. law of Virginia, passed Dec. 17, 1792, a slave brought into the state slave from being emancipated by the _laws_ of the free states. power by the constitution to abolish slavery and the slave trade in the _present_ Congress concede the power to abolish slavery in the District Island,--Free, cheaper than Slave labor,--More work done, and better the subject of slavery, stating that as we had a vast number of slaves power to abolish slavery and the slave-trade in that District; and, power to abolish slavery and the slave-trade in that District; and, claiming for Congress any direct power over slavery in the slave States, with the slavery of the slave states. abolition of slavery in the slave states, or even in the District of 11273 overseer of slaves in that state, as has been said in the public laws of slave states, and by the testimony of slaveholders and others, men, is shown by the fact, that in all the slave states, we believe years in the south western slave states, says: Illinois, who has spent a number of years in slave states. it, I still continued to live in a slave state, witnessing every day southwestern slave states a number of years, has furnished the slave states, North and South Carolina. [Footnote 20: The following extracts from the laws of slave-states are county, who resided five years in a slave state, and left, disgusted of the slave states has laws providing that the life of no _white_ man the most sacred of human rights, yet the laws of slave states punish advance of all the slave states except Virginia and South Carolina; 11274 slavery, and the emancipation of the slaves already in the States. States of the Union, constitutes a privileged order of men in the distributing legislative power in a free and in a slave State thus: against slavery, cannot travel through the slave States, but at the man and the law of God; by substituting itself as a rule of right, Constitution of the United States, would not believe that slavery or men at the time when the Constitution of the United States was formed, In the slave States generally, no black man can laws of the slave States, "as invading the sacred rights of citizens Free colored men are converted into slaves not only by law, but also States Constitution, without violating his anti-slavery principles, Constitution, "no person held to service, or labor, in one State, Constitution, "no person held to service, or labor, in one State, In every Slave State there are laws 11275 white man, _in any way_, practically licensed in all the slave States? slavery, as it is presented to us, in the laws of the slave States; and slave states.) The law of South Carolina thus lays down the principle, That this is American slavery, is shown by the laws of slave states. That this is American slavery, is shown by the laws of slave states. That this is American slavery, is shown by the laws of slave states. all of these [the slave] states." The law of South Carolina says, law of Virginia, passed Dec. 17, 1792, a slave brought into the state the subject of slavery, stating that as we had a vast number of slaves claiming for Congress any direct power over slavery in the slave States, concern" in the subject of slavery in the slave states, than the fact, of the slave states has laws providing that the life of no _white_ man 11329 In so large a community as that of New York, the supply of water forms a country-house, where I had so often seen an old blind friend amusing on the United States as a nation.[S] Having gone off at a tangent, like United States have taken place long since my departure, and are too "400l., sir." He had left a New England state some eight follows:--The State having passed an act, during a time when religious American friend, who came from England with our party, appeared to the States, but in every country of the Old World, selecting from each seven miles, and the time one hour; but in the United States, you are tone of religious feeling in the New England States,--far from it; but Times_ had spoken of the United States as a great military nation since point in the States far above what it ever has in this country,--except, 11422 "My mother, she was sold from her father when she was four years old. nothing but work in slave times and you got whipped about that. When I come home, I made a lot o'' money for old miss. home to see my old mother.'' ''Tell you what,'' says she, ''I ain''t got nuff knowed or heard of a war, I saw a lot of the funniest wagons coming up "My father died in slave times and my mother died the fourth year after "I remember one time the white folks had some stock tied out, and I know "I been in Pine Bluff bout four years--till I got disabled to work. time of the War. The old man got on his horse and flew. "When New Year day come the white man locked me up in a room in his "Mother and grandma didn''t have a hard time like my father said he come 11454 Appendix A: ANTI-SLAVERY EPISTLE OF "FRIENDS" IN GREAT BRITAIN. commerce of the Slave States had imbued them with pro-slavery views and friends of the anti-slavery cause, and in receiving calls at our hotel. Foreign Anti-slavery Society, is another remarkable man, clear and sound visits from a large number of the friends of the anti-slavery cause, and the designation of the "American Anti-Slavery Society." The State of the second day, a meeting of the Female Anti-Slavery Society was held of the Executive Committee of the State Anti-Slavery Society, be present at an anti-slavery meeting of the State Society, to which I anti-slavery cause in Great Britain from the time of the old right to state, that the memorial refers to slavery and the slave-trade great loss at the time by his fellow-laborers in the anti-slavery cause, to the anti-slavery cause, and the Society of Friends itself, I 11485 On the plantations the slaves usually had a house of their master was raised like this, he has written to me several times, since I "I was about twenty-two years old when I married, and I have raised six Told by Bill Simms, ex slave, age 97 years, Ottawa, Kansas. "I lived on the farm with my mother, and my master, whose name was "A man who owned ten slaves was considered wealthy, and if he got hard "The slaves usually lived in a two-room house made of native lumber. When a slave got too old to work they would give him a small cabin on I worked most of the time for three years off and on, hauling I returned home to my old master, who had stayed there with my mother. Missouri, if a slave wanted to marry a woman on another plantation he 11489 little kingdoms, and have seldom any wars, is the reason the slave trade great number of vessels which come yearly on those coasts for slaves. appears to have been principally calculated to procure Negro slaves, in Gambia,[B] says, "Tho'' some of the Negroes have many house slaves, which oppression and cruelty exercised upon the Negro and Indian slaves, "That if any Negroe or other slave under punishment by his master, or Guinea: _No_ Negroes allowed to be sold for slaves there, but those But if I were even to allow, that a _Negroe slave_ is not a subject, liberty_: though the law makes no mention of Negroe slaves, yet this is any Negro or other slave, under punishment by his master, or his order, _Barbadoes_ (laws of) respecting Negroe slaves, 170. _Negroes_ (in Guinea) generally a humane, sociable people, 2. VIRGINIA (laws), respecting Negro slaves, 172. 11490 [Footnote 6: The leading authority upon slavery and the slave-trade in the importing seven or eight hundred negro slaves each year. taken in war; and negro slaves were imported into every prosperous colony industry was giving the blacks in the South new value as slaves, Northern [Footnote 1: The slave trade enactments by the colonies, the states and of negroes at New York for work on his rice plantation.[3] That the sugar colonies, he conceded, might require the labor of negro slaves, [Footnote 26: _What Became of the Slaves on a Georgia Plantation Auction Slaves | Free Negroes| Whites [Footnote A: The slaves and free negroes in this group were designated which there were counted five free negroes, one slave and no whites.[2] In the second year following, the slave and free negro arrests for being slaves and free negroes in _See also_ negroes and slave trade 11544 we colored folks ain''t got work we can do all the time to live on. "One time when an old white man come along who wanted to preach, the He liked coming to Arkansas because he got to ride on the train a long "After the war I used to work in the house for my white folks--for Dr. Bob Williams way up there in the country on the river. Mama and grandma said Master Coon and old Mistress Mollie was good to the war we stayed on with the white folks who owned my father and worked "I member one time when old master wasn''t at home the Yankees come and I come out here to Arkansas with my mothers old master and mistress and "Mother said she would run hide every time the Yankee men come. "I heard my mother say that in slavery times the man worked all day with 11552 "The slaves lived in good quarters, each house was weather-boarded and "As a slave I worked on the farm with other small boys thinning corn, "The poor white people in Charles County were worse off than the slaves; Father and mother of a large family that was reared on a small farm "My father worked on a small farm with no other slaves, but our family. "We had 60 slaves on the plantation, each family housed in a cabin built "The farm was very large, the slaves worked from sunup to sundown, no "We went to the white church on Sunday, up in the slave gallery where slave days my father gave me money and good clothes to wear. between the slaves, the free people, the patrollers and other white "One time a slave ran away and was seen by a colored man, who was 11709 fo'' him de white folks couldn''t hab lived in dis country, de negroes wuz "Our white folks took us to Texas durin'' of the War. I think my old "Mother got so she wasn''t able to work in the field several years before everything we know, good and bad, we got from the white folks. "Mama come and got me long time after that and I didn''t want to go nor little niggers were kept in one house when the old folks were working in master he worked all time in the shop making things jess like he needed, War, he went far and near to work for the white folks. "The way my mother and father happened to meet--my old master hired my got a daughter over in North Little Rock that is about fifty years old. father died in slavery times, but mother lived several years after. 11920 little negro slave boy living on the farm and he had heard quite a bit two-year old negro child brought about $1,500 in the slave market, an A slave owner, in West Virginia, bought a thirteen year old black girl At this time the slave girl was about twenty-one years of age, and Dr. Davis took her home to Scott County, Virginia where he married her to experiences and observation of an old negro lady who was a slave, Mrs. Amelia Jones, living in North London, Kentucky. The old negro lady slaves would sit in the door way of their little when the old master got mad at his slaves for not working hard enough he they lived in the big house--otherwise in Slave quarters, little cabins old negro slave who, after the close of the Civil War lived near Mrs. Sloan''s mother. 12101 history of the Negro people in the United States, and to present this years New England was more concerned about Indians than about Negroes, later history of the United States, Negroes were present at a very early white persons and three thousand Negroes, the Company having secured generally as Negro slavery advanced white servitude declined. Generally then, in the South, in the colonial period, the free Negro [Footnote 1: See Williams: _History of the Negro Race in America_, I, Negro men sailed from New York for Africa, November 12, 1774; but the passed a law to the effect that all free Negroes must leave the state to prominent Negroes in the free states bringing in question the general for a long time before the Civil War free Negroes could attend schools in the life of the Negro people in the United States to-day. status of the Negro even in the free states ten years before the Civil 12422 I do not think that a residence on a slave plantation is likely to be dozen young slaves were ready to swing little ''missis.'' ----, think of favourite slaves presented to me, and one or two little negro children, population, who, too poor to possess land or slaves, and having no means Irish free labourers and negro slaves will be permitted to work together never to leave his old father and mother, his poor wife and children, and said I thought female labour of the sort exacted from these slaves, and To-day, for the first time since I left the Rice Island, I went out day, a woman, a creature like themselves, who have borne children too, slaves on the plantation, and has to walk to her field labour, and back slaves on the plantation to the little overseer''s wife; I did not tell my 13579 Mrs. Bowman said she never knew want in slave times, as she has known it One day the old mistress caught a slave boy with a book, she "When I was a little bitsy child and still lived with Mr. Gardner," said the old man, "I saw many of the slaves beaten to death. Mrs. Cave said that her master''s father had many young women slaves and "We lived in a cabin at the slave quarters and mother worked in the mother married a negro ex-slave of Ford George and bore children for slaves of "Old Master Stone", but his father was owned by another man, Mrs. Richardson said that the slaves, that worked in the Master''s house, Her mother, a slave hand, worked on the farm until her young master, The day the mistress and master came and told the slaves they were free 13602 rainy spell come and de grass got to growin'' fast, dey wukked dem slaves and if folks lives right dey sho'' is gwine to have a good restin'' place evvy meal, and dey sho was pretty hangin'' dar in dat big old fireplace. "Old Marster was powerful good to his Niggers when dey got sick. "Marse Henry kept a lot of slaves to wuk his big old plantation whar he Nigger 12 or 14 years old dem days was big as a white child 17 or 18 house, an'' us didn''t know nothin'' ''bout no jail dat day an'' time. "And jus'' a few days ago a old man come to see me thinkin'' dat he wuz Marster''s plantation; dey rested up a day and dat wuz all. When slaves got too old to wuk, dey took keer of de chillun in a house Dey lived at home on dat big old plantation. 13700 "Fore I left the old county, I member the boss man, Henry Grady, come by "The times is hard fo old folks cause they ain''t able to work and heap lived wid them white folks till bout nine years and I married. The old folks ain''t got no money an the young ones She said her old miss wouldn''t let her come day when Jessie come to de house to let dat baby suck, Mr. Harvey think "There was an old white man used to come out and teach papa how to read can remember my mama said her old master, Mat Fields, sent my father and six months old when I was born and mama said old master come in and tell "Right after freedom, my folks worked on old man Jim Burdyne''s farm. "Right after the War, my mother worked--washed--for an old white man. 13984 In the following tales the natural man takes a hand, but he is seen Tanner''s "Narrative of a Captivity among the Indians." Tanner, like WhyWhy, had trouble with the chief medicine-man of his community. Against all these forms of soul-destroying error the Rev. Thomas Gowles thundered nobly, "passing," as an admirer said, "like an The old man, who was followed by attendants carrying torches chief sacrificing to idols; of men and young women engaged in the souldestroying practice of promiscuous dancing; there were wild beasts, lions approached, and the old men rose from their places till he had taken a old heathen called Elatreus, a good-natured, dull, absent-minded man, who "Clayville appears to be a lively kind of place," I said. "Peter," said Moore, "you are a good boy, but you will come to a bad black and white, if you want to know, my little dear," said the mother of 13986 grievances, and to be heard upon his petition by this House. of the great right of petition inherent in the People of the United [The question, Shall this petition be received? the constitutional right of petition, as involved in the disposition right of petition, as the liberties of the People demanded. "Congress shall make no law abridging the right of the People to petition the Government for a redress of grievances." The right of The right of petition, I have said, was not conferred on the People find the right to petition that government existing also as an individual one of the People has a right to be heard by petition on by the Constitution; but the People may petition for any thing; for the right of petition is, by the constitution, secured forever lest, in deciding this general question of the right of petition, it 13987 Again, Sir, I ought not to be sentenced, because the Fugitive Slave man, I hold up the Constitution of my adopted country as clear from Constitution of my country: the word slave is not to be found. Can it be, Sir, that these great men, under But, sir, the law under which you may sentence me violates both the Slave Law is designed to carry out. The law, Sir, under which I No sir; in a Court of the United States, where the Constitution liberty and life-long toil without due process of law, without trial Sir, this, law tramples so flagrantly upon the spirit and Sir, under a Constitution unstained by the word slave, we have a law Sir, the partiality of this law is so great, that it stands opposed to Sir, no law can be enacted so Others may have their doubts as to their duty under this law; I, Sir, 15006 No pen or brush can picture life in the old Southern States in the Negro laborers were brought to Virginia and sold as slaves, fifty years Constitution of the United States for the Southern planters to hold as the division line between the free and slave states. Southern colonies were Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina In 1792 Kentucky, cut off from Virginia, entered as a slave state, and in 1796 Tennessee, given up by North Carolina, came in as a slave State. slaves, but the institution was legalized in the Southern States. South wanted her left free to choose slave labor; the North feared that In the same year Texas came in as a slave State. Not quite fifty years ago the Southern States of this Union, having Southern States had hundreds of sympathizers among the men of the North, Through the grand old States of Virginia and South 15036 man; he sold away many slaves. court house every year till my master came of age. When my master came of age, he took all his colored people to himself. It was some time after this that I married a slave belonging to Mr. Enoch Sawyer, who had been so hard a master to me. the owner of the boats; and, on my going away from him to meet Mr. Trewitt for settlement, he said he would go with me, as he wanted When the great kindness of Captain Minner had set me clear of Mr. Sawyer, I went to my old occupation of working the canal boats. between the slave and free States there is a guard; no colored person colored person should be seized as a slave within the free states; colored person who is said to be a slave, may be seized in the free 15096 they carried the little negro boys and girls too small to work. That evening when I went home to father and mother, I said to them, "Mr. Young is whipping me too much now, I shall not stand it, I shall fight The hunter came early to the plantation and took breakfast with Mr. Clarkson on the day they began to hunt for the runaway slave. slave, Mr. Clarkson asked some of the other negroes on the plantation, As I have said, in general, when runaway slaves came home themselves, There was a white man in Richland County, South Carolina, named Mr. Black, who made his living by hunting runaway slaves. Once eight slaves ran away from Col. Singleton''s plantation, and Mr. Black, with twenty-five hound dogs, was hired to hunt them up. negro, and his master, who was his father, sent for him at Col. Singleton''s plantation; but I never learned whether Mr. Black, the 15118 [Footnote A: 175 whites--207 free people of color--and 2,244 slaves. One day, while I was in this state of mind, my father gave me a small Legislature sit in Raleigh every year, I sold these articles considerably remained, nominally only, the slave of Mr. Smith for a year; when, feeling number of her slaves from their families and friends--but not me. master of my wife, Mr. Smith, had separated members of families by remain in the State long enough to purchase my family. remain a limited time within the State, until he can remove his family State, and leave my wife and my children never to see them more. him among other slaves this family; and Freeman removed also to that city. kindness of the friends of the colored man in the North, for assistance, his hand a permit to visit the State for a sufficient time to accomplish 15128 I thought of the old saying amongst us, as stated by our master, that, I took it down, and went to my young master William''s Cobb; when the master said, "I told you to give that nigger thirty-nine had made me confess, I went to him and said--now, master, you see that you Master had an old negro in the family called Uncle Reuben. out, crying, now master, you saw my horses all clean last night before I out and said, now I saw this boy''s horses clean last night and in the night, when master went out to Dick again, he asked if he had made up his Well master, said Dick, I did turn the horses out; but with the patrol, I took one of my master''s horses to go to a negro dance, States, "that the relation of master and slave among us, however we may 15130 did not continue long; my father being a valuable slave, my master was About this time, I began to feel another evil of slavery--I mean the want My master had a deeply pious and exemplary slave, an elderly man, who one In this way the night passed away, and just at the dawn of day I found a excitement that was then going on in my mind, left me little time to think Once in a number of years, each slave, or each man and his wife, had one This good man''s name is remembered dearly, till this day, by slaves Some of my master''s slaves who had families, were regularly married, and slave''s condition is benefited by passing from the old master into the The young master not being able to own as many slaves as his father, In yonder world you can have no slaves--you can be no man''s master--you 15398 I know Gatewood sold his wife and child at a great I was living with Mr. White, whose wife died and left him a widower with one little girl, The Sabbath is not regarded by a large number of the slaves as a day or day the lodging places of slaves; break up the bonds of affection living, a family of slaves at the North, who had run away from Mr. King of Kentucky. night being very dark, in a strange city, among slaveholders and slave breakfast time, I heard the sound of a horn; saw a number of slaves in other person in the house with my mother, and this was a little slave took me and my little family to the work-house, to be kept under lock At the time of sickness among slaves they had but very little During the day we saw a female slave passing from the dwelling house 15698 and discussion of the question of African slavery, in the free States, relinquished all right to interfere with slavery in the slave states, no union of the slave and free states could ever have taken place. states ever could have taken place, had not the right to hold slave than negro-slavery in the Southern States. for the poor slave in the Southern States; whose conditions are with the condition of slaves and free negroes, North and South, must both the slaves and themselves in greater evils than African slavery entire slave population in this country, if both masters and servants free men, (so called), than they have as slaves in the South. best interests of master and slave; and in the fear of God Almighty, they are to the Southern slaves and free negroes. The condition of African slaves in the United States better than the 16081 PRINTED FOR THE ANTI-SLAVERY FAIR. Listen, little children, all, That they buy not slaves again, Tell them of the slave child''s fate, Candy, sweetmeat, pie or cake, Saying "no"--unless ''tis free-"The slave shall not work for me." Thus, dear little children, each A man who wants to free The wretched slave--and give to all When, as the white-man''s _slave_, he toils, From early morn till even. But while we chain our brother man, The slave who runs away, Calls up the little sleeping slave, That little child and mother-He''d whip it till ''twas dead." Who buys what slaves produce-When white men stole him from his home Q is the Quarter, where the slave S is the Sugar, that the slave Raised by slave labor too: Where the poor slave has found To which the slave is bound, A warrior stern was he An earnest pleader for the slave-- 16516 God, that none like us ever may live again until time shall be no people were afflicted with since the world began--I say, if God gives pity us we pray thee, Lord Jesus, Master.--Has Mr. Jefferson declared to the world, that we are inferior to the whites, each of my brethren, who has the spirit of a man, to buy a copy of Mr. Jefferson''s "Notes on Virginia," and put it in the hand of his son. among men until God shall dash worlds together. Beloved brethren--here let me tell you, and believe it, that the Lord black man can put to death six white men; and I give it as a fact, let and make us believe that God made us and our children to be slaves to of the world, both _white_ and _black_, who has any knowledge of Mr. Clay''s public labors for these States--I want you candidly to answer 16741 "Here comes Uncle Bacchus now, Mr. Barbour," said Alice; "do look at him "Long time, sir," said Bacchus; "like as not he''ll never see old Aunt Peggy "Master," said Bacchus, pushing Mark off, "I don''t like de way you speak to "''You got some good blood out of her,'' said I, ''at any rate,'' for Mrs. Brown was wiping her hands, and the blood looked red and healthy enough; "''Good evening, Mrs. White,'' said I, for the old lady was sitting on the ''Now I want to know!'' said Mrs. White; ''why I thought it made me look like a fright.'' "Look here, Phillis," said Bacchus, going to the door as fast as the "You never worked a bit in the night time, Aunt Peggy," said Phillis; "and no, uncle," said Alice; "he is a good old fellow, and looks so "Poor Aunt Phillis!" said Mrs. Weston, looking after him, "I hope she will 17604 [Transcribers note: This book included many illustrations. Amusing Trial, in Which a Yankee Lawyer Rendered a Just Verdict. [Illustration: _A Slave sold at Auction._] He half the time from church would stay; When Cuff his master''s garments wore.-[Illustration: NOTE.--_In some parts of the country, slaves are scantily fed, while their masters live in luxury_.] [Illustration: _Fetters formerly used by the slave traders, to confine [Illustration: _A Cruel Master._] [Illustration: _Emblem of Freedom.--A moth just changed from its [Illustration: NOTE.--_The Lawyer owned a Blacksmith''s shop._] And think that it was time to rise. So Cuff went off. [Illustration: _A man escaping from slavery._] Thinking his slave too rich a prize, [Illustration: _A slave-catcher is worse than a beast of prey._] I''ll take my horse and go for Cuff, Be slave instead of Cuff, and he [Illustration: _Justice freeing the slave._] And Cuff in freedom, went his way. [Illustration: _Emancipation._] 17773 Slavery''s Passed Away and Other Songs Yes, in an old log cabin I was born; For de white folks say Ole Shady''s free, Dat white wheat bread and a dollar a day, Up North, de happy day dat I was free; I''se trabeled night and day to see de dear old place once more; But most of all, where I was born, in happy days before, Dey said dat my complexion was light, And dey''d show dat dey could wash de nigger white. Dey said dey could wash de nigger white. Dey got me very soon, Dis nigger couldn''t tell what dey was after; And den dey got around, Den dey got a lot of hay, And dey rubbed and scrubbed away: dey kept at it all dat night; But den dey found, next day, ''Kase dey neber could wash de nigger white. When I found dat dey was tired, 17820 With mother, father and sister, a pleasant home and surroundings, what Having been brought up in a free State, mother had learned much to her Mrs. Cox, but to run away, as soon as chance offered, to Canada, where On the return of Mrs. Cox to St. Louis she sent for my mother and told I was a small girl at that time, but remember how wildly mother After my mother''s return, she decided to sue for her freedom, and for morning, before the white people had arisen, a friend of my mother At the time my mother entered suit for her freedom, she was not After advice by competent persons, mother went to Judge Edward Bates mother lived at the time of her abduction; also affidavits of Mr. and (Living with Mrs. Posey was a little negro girl, named Polly Crocket, (Living with Mrs. Posey was a little negro girl, named Polly Crocket, 17826 was but five years old, I often felt the overshadowing of the Lord''s was then _taught_ to pray, "Lord, have mercy on me--Christ save me." voice saying, "Art thou willing to be saved?" I said, Yes Lord. exclaimed, "Yes Lord, in thy own way." Immediately a light fell upon repentance, for the day of the Lord was at hand; and this message was way I continued for about a year; many times while my hands were at my work, my spirit was carried away to spiritual things. meetings, occasionally I felt moved to speak a few words therein; but We went on for several years, and the Lord was with us with great the Spirit of the Lord, and meeting with an aged sister, I found upon held many glorious meetings, for the Lord poured out his Spirit in Friend''s meeting house open, I went in; at the same time a Friend and 17851 Mrs. Williams was a kind-hearted good woman, and she treated all her For some time I could scarcely believe that Mrs. Pruden was in earnest, till I received orders for my immediate knows the thoughts of the poor slave''s heart, and the bitter pains which slaves!" said dear Miss Betsey, "you belong to me; and it grieves my heart woman among the slaves called Sarah, who was nearly past work; and, Master I had seen my poor mother during the time I was a slave in Turk''s Island. During the time I worked there, I heard that Mr. John Wood was going to It was a long time before I got well enough to work in the house. About this time my master and mistress were going to England to put their great King of England, till all the poor blacks be given free, and slavery 17864 the big boys got a little brandy and gave us children all a drink, P---River, and about twenty-three miles from Clayton, Ala. One day my master heard that the Yankees were coming our way, and he mistress and the slaves watched for their return day and night for August, six of us children took "Old Yank" and went away back on the rich lady came to our house one day, looking for some one to take care this time Mis'' Mary had given my mother one dollar a month in return seen my sister, a little over a year before she died, she had said, fire by the time mother came home, with something for us to eat, such that there were no little white children to share our meal this time. God bless every soul who shall read this true life story of one born 17971 THE ABOLITION OF SLAVERY THE RIGHT OF THE GOVERNMENT UNDER THE WAR POWER Extracts from the speech of John Quincy Adams, delivered in the U.S. House of Representatives, April 14 and 15, 1842, on War with Great called the slave States have the exclusive right of consultation on the laws of war, and because the moment you place a military commander power beyond the limits of the slave State where such war is raging The war power is limited only by the laws and usages of nations. among the peace powers of Congress, no such authority; but in war, interfere, in any way, with the institution of slavery in the States, Mr. Adams goes on to state how the war power may be used:-"But the war power of Congress over the institution of slavery in government of the slave States possesses no such right. of this war will be permitted now by the Slave Power, except by its 18484 wants to hear ''bout dem old days dat you loves so good to tell about." de larnin'' dat dem two good old folks gimme is done stayed right wid me "Marster was too old to wuk when dey sot us free, so for a long time us days, not even for de white folks, but dem old cord springs went a long "Slaves all et up at de big house in dat long old kitchen. slaves stayed right on wid de Marster; dat was all dey knowed to do. "Old Marster John McCree was sho'' a good white man, I jus'' tells you de "Long ''bout dat time dey wuz killin'' hawgs on de plantation, en it wuz tell uv it, but Mammy said dat when slaves did run away, dey wuz cotched and Old Mist''ess sho'' wuz powerful good when dey Niggers got sick. 18485 "Marster was sho'' good ''bout seein'' dat his Niggers had plenty to eat "Slaves all went to church wid deir white folkses ''cause dere warn''t no wid our good old Marster to look atter us and see dat us had what us ''cause our white folkses day sho'' did take good keer of deir slaves. Mammy said dat most times when slaves got married dey jus'' jumped de preacher man''s house and got married, us come right on here to dis "Dem days it was de custom for marsters to hire out what slaves dey had died, and a long time atter dat us kept on wukin'' for Old Marster. Betsey, and dey moved up to de big house wid old Miss atter Marse Ike jay birds.'' ''Bout dat time a white man come along and told dem Niggers did know how many slaves Marster had, but dat old plantation was plumb 18687 "Daisy has eyes � and a head," said Preston. "But I think it is nice to know things too," said I. "I think � I know very little about it," I said hesitating. "I should think," said I, looking at the little board slips "De time pass quick, and Miss Daisy see her pa''," � he said at "Do little missie ask de Lord for help?" Darry said, his eyes "Come, Daisy, be a little sensible!" said Preston, who was in "Laws, Miss Daisy," said Margaret, with a quick look at the "I thought I should be comfortable in these things, Dr. Sandford," I then said, glancing at the little chinchilla cap "Mrs. Sandford," said I, "I should like to know what the dress "I want to stop a moment here on some business," said Mrs. Sandford, as we came to Miss Cardigan''s corner; "would you 18688 "You know how you like _him_," Dr. Sandford said pointedly. "Daisy, my dear!" said Mrs. Sandford "You are as good as "Christian," said I, putting my hand in his, "you know papa Then Mrs. Sandford said, "Here comes the major, Daisy. "It is a good time to be away, _I_ think," said Mrs. Sandford. "What matters, papa?" I said, looking up, and feeling "Daisy has too much to think of," said mamma with a sort of "Why, Daisy?" said papa, looking at me. "Oh, papa, let us get away while it is time!" I said. "What do you know of places where the heart _was?_" said papa, "Daisy, you are better this day or two," papa said to me, "I do not know what you can mean by that, Daisy," said papa, "Daisy," said papa, "it is something I do not know, and I see 18912 knows dat poor white folks and niggers has got to work to live, Any niggers what like slavery time better, is lazy people dat don''t want Oh, I wishes I did know somethin bout dat old time war cause I dem was free long time fore dey been know it cause de white folks, dey to have a heap of colored people bout dem cause white folks couldn'' work "Honey, I don'' know wha'' to tell yuh ''bout dem times back dere. dese days cause it wusn''t uz white uz de rice dat dey hab ''boat heah dis People back dere didn'' spend money like dey do dese days en dat Dey dat ain'' never got no whipping, you can'' do nothin wid dem dese "I ''member one day dere come uh crowd uv peoples dere dat dey tell us people say dey see dem, but I ain'' take up no time wid nothin like dat. 19446 My mother raised us a heap like old times. "Grandma said their something to eat got mighty slim in war times and "I stayed round the house with the white folks and didn''t know what "Yes sir, Boss Man, I kin tell you all er bout de old slabery times, en "All I know about freedom was Old Man Henry Bibb come out and told us we young mistress little girl bout seven or eight years old. coming in from the field old master called his slaves and told us we was neber knowed dat er Yankee wus er man jes lak my white folks till I seed would tell him, ''You''re my master.'' They said during the War the old man "White people were pretty good to the old colored folks right after the "Colored folks in slavery times didn''t know how old they was. 19932 De chilluns called dem de ''blue mans.'' Mah white folks wuz named Missis en don'' steal fum dem." I stayed wid mah Missis fer a long time "One story mah daddy useter tell us wuz ''bout a slave named Pommpy. "W''en we all wuz freed we had nuthin en no place ter go, so dat mah kum wid de hoss several men ''peahrd en tole Fedd dat dey wuz gonna mah Missis sum body wuz at de do''er wantin'' ter know whar mah Marster Soon as de chillens, wuz seven y''ars ole, dey started dem ter "I wuz tole dat sum ob de white peeples wuz so mean ter dere slaves urthur boys en hit wuz a long thing lak a slip dat kum ter our knees. "Durin'' slavery times de slaves would hab ter git fum dere marster a a slave got whupped hit wuz cose dey disobey dere white folks en de 19949 The Fugitive Slave Act. Few laws have ever been passed better calculated than this to harden measure of its government, will receive a blessing from God. Let America act on her own avowed principles, that every man is born Mary at first trembled, but soon composed herself with trust in God. Albert, taking her arm into his, led her to where Captain Templeton "Ah!" said Mr. Gracelius, "that will depend upon the grace of God. Farewell, young man, and may the Lord convert your soul and give us a natural right, that I said to myself I cannot honor the true God by "Mary, like yourself, I now feel," said Albert, "that a Christian must 4. Anti-slavery men seek to set slaves against their masters, at the into the soul, and acts in the life of man, we know that sin, in its and let us not falter until in God''s own good time the word shall be 20005 and two Children--Great Distress of Mind--Generous Assistance--Church House for the African Baptist Church--Heavy Indebtedness--Account New Testament I read, after I felt the pardoning love of God in my soul. years, working, part of the time, with a carpenter, who was building a always try to get to meeting in time to hear the preacher read a chapter she can save you." But this suggestion appeared to be offensive to God. Then came another thought,--"As my master was a rich man, could he not Son. My soul was filled with love to God and Jesus Christ. my white Baptist friends in Baltimore, through my pastor, Rev. Sam''l continued in this place for nearly a year, teaching the little children, Children--Great Distress of Mind--Generous Assistance--Church Matters. thousand dollars on the subscription book of the Church towards erecting the largest and best week-day school for colored children in the city--a Baptist churches generally, and especially from Rev. Messrs. 20360 Pry''thee, my dearest, dost thou read, 5 Mischief to Trade sits on thy lip, Let''s never have thee on thy legs; 40 THE PEOPLE''S MAN thou art no more. Sure slaves of power are not my theme; Look round this land of freedom, pray, harshly treated in this Poem, let them consider how they should feel if the Slave Trade, by an Old Member of Parliament_;" printed for Stockdale, It is ascribed to John Ranby, Esq. That the evils of the Slave Trade should, like the evils incident to {12} The state of slavery is acknowledged both in the Old Testament and Title page: "By James Boswell, Esq." is handwritten below "P O E M." A POEM ON THE SLAVE TRADE is, ''No Abolition of Slavery: or, the Universal Empire of Love: a is, ''No Abolition of Slavery: or, the Universal Empire of Love: a slave trade, written by himself. 21251 3. Lemen''s Anti-Slavery Mission in Illinois-James Lemen''s Anti-Slavery Influence in the "Jefferson-Lemen Secret Anti-Slavery Compact," the available evidence Territory, marks a crisis in the Lemen anti-slavery campaign in Territory a slave state, that James Lemen, with Jefferson''s approval, anti-slavery church as a means of promoting the free-state cause.[21] full knowledge of the "Jefferson-Lemen Anti-Slavery Compact" and a Jefferson''s connection with Lemen''s anti-slavery mission in Illinois organize a new church on a strictly anti-slavery basis Jefferson sent Rev. James Lemen, Sr., and friends made the anti-slavery contest of When James Lemen''s early anti-slavery Baptist churches went over to anti-slavery labors of his father, Rev. James Lemen, Sr., and also his copy of part first, or the history of the Jefferson Lemen Anti-Slavery but that the anti-slavery contest of your father, Rev. James Lemen, a part of the history of the "Jefferson-Lemen Anti-Slavery Pact," 1787 with its anti-slavery clause, but Mr. Lemen had Jefferson''s 2127 Four years after its publication, St. Pierre gave to the world "Paul and Virginia," which had for some time One day as I was coming down that mountain, I saw Virginia at the end of Paul said to Virginia,--"My dear sister, it is said Paul; "these trees produce no fruit fit to eat; and I shall not be rose-apple trees, planted round a green sward where Virginia and Paul the two families; one was called Paul''s tree, the other, Virginia''s. Paul,--"My brother," said she, "is as old as the great cocoa-tree of the Virginia, on receiving this little present from the hands of Paul, said children." "Young man," said the governor to Paul, "when you have Paul and Virginia for a short time, and provide by this means, for their Virginia, alarmed, said to him,--"Oh, my dear Paul, I call to witness of summer, Madame de la Tour, Margaret, Virginia, Paul, and myself, 21448 "I hope to go as a midshipman on board a man-of-war, sir," I answered. "Cheer up, Harry," said Captain Willis, as the "Chieftain," under all "Wait bit captain," he said, "high water soon, and den ship go in I told the captain when I went into the cabin what the poor mate had "I go when you tell I come on board," answered Paul. "Paul," said the captain one morning, when he felt himself getting a "Captain," said Paul, fixing his eyes steadily on him, "the debil told of the sinner," Paul continued, explaining to the captain God''s plan of "Massa Captain, I do not say dat God expect us to be good; but still He "I''ll pray wid you, captain," said Paul, and he On going on deck I told Paul my fears about the captain. "We will try, Massa Captain," said Paul. "Never fear Massa Harry," said Paul, "we soon right her." 21449 Uncle Denis had not come for some time, when my father Eager to reach Uncle Denis''s farm, my father drove on as fast as the unguarded, my father, Uncle Denis, or Mr Tidey remaining at home with "What has happened, Mr Tidey?" asked my father; "has poor Dio been "Me show de way, dare high ground little ahead, come ''long." the ground selected by Mr Tidey in good time to camp before dark, and looking up, I saw Mr Tidey, leading my horse and followed by Uncle "We will follow his advice," said my father, "and if Indians appear, we you hear or see any Indians coming this way give me timely notice, and I Uncle Denis, Mr Tidey, Dan, and I, Dio, and two of the men. of our men now got off their horses, to allow Mr Tidey, Dio, and me to 21472 "You attend to him, Ned, while I look after Tom," said the lieutenant. The lieutenant made these remarks as Ned and Tom, with the coast-guard "Do not let that thought trouble you, Ned," answered Lieutenant Pack; "That may be so; but had you come, my black man Tom Baraka and Ned here Sally, followed by Ned, Mary, and Tom, hurried out. "It can''t be helped, Ned," said Lieutenant Pack, in a tone which showed tell dem where Tom Baraka is," said the black, as he wrung Ned''s hand. "Thank you for your good intentions, Rhymer," said Ned, picking up the said Ned. At length the Arabs must have discovered the man-of-war. "Try and keep alive until to-morrow morning," said Ned; "by that time and Rhymer said that he would wade on shore, telling Ned to remain in "Is this the way you Arabs treat your followers?" asked Ned, who felt 21508 Dat first hide dey had, white folks would whip it off dem en den went to church in dem days en some of dem go dere till dey die cause dat know nothin bout us was gwine get free in dat day en time. Dat first hide dey had, white folks just took it off dem. clothes no time den like de people be burdened wid dese days. "Oh, de young people, dey ain'' nothin dis day en time. fer yo'' services has come to an end on dis plantation!'' Wid dat ole man Yes, sir, I know all bout how de cloth was made in dat day en time. years dere; den atter I got too old to work, I come to town and lived "De peoples bout dere have good clothes to wear in dat day en time. "Niggers went to white peoples church in dat day en time. 21701 The break of day found Charlie Considine and Hans Marais galloping "_I_ dare!" said Considine sternly; "many a time the word has been on my "Your road diverges here, sir," said Hans, as Brook rode up; "I fell "Did I, sir!" said George, with a simple look; "very likely I did, for "No fear of the rope," said Hans Marais, as he passed at the moment to "Wonders''ll niver cease in this land!" said Sandy Black to Jerry Goldboy "Time enough to think of them when they appear," said Rivers. "Better keep to the jungle and be ready next time," said the young One day Hans Marais was riding with Charlie Considine on the karroo, not Hans turned short round, stretched out his long right arm--the left formed this party were Charlie Considine, Hans Marais, Sandy Black and "Now is our time," said Hans, dragging his wife from the place of 22089 elevated style, shall go forth with its angel voice, like a spirit of slavery, and the blessings of liberty, until every human being shall That we poor souls shall all be free? While hope, to thy heart, like the rain-bow so cheering, That freedom shall slumber, and slavery reign. From thy poor little blind boy, the long weary day! Oh deep was the anguish of the slave mother''s heart, The fetters that bind him, and the slave shall be free. And shall I keep this burning wish to see the slave set free, Rise, free the slave; oh, burst his chains, Of blood-purchased freedom--''tis yielding like slaves. Soon shall the voice of freedom, In the pride of his heart, shall God''s image profane! all hearts resolved--these captives shall be free! And each wish of thy heart shall be felt as a law." Our hearts shall be faithful to liberty still; 22100 Cooper_, Adjutant-General of the United States Army (_a native_ of soldier to quit the army in time of rebellion to follow his State. both the army and navy of the United States, caused many officers Lee as a United States Army officer, corps of engineers, and died as a Colonel in the United States army Confronting Lee''s army was the command of General Reynolds, with addressed to the commanding officer of the United States troops, The War Department ordered from the commands of Generals Cox and both division commanders; the Union losses in officers and men were day after he assumed command of the army its advance corps opened Division, Sixth Army Corps, took position upon the right of this General Sheridan was, by Grant, ordered from the Army of had served as a general officer in the Confederate Army; and on in the United States Army, from which he was appointed a general 22166 "De slaves went to church wid dey marsters. Long ''fore dat time, one of dem white chillun got married and ground; only dem Niggers was in dat field to wuk and dey sho'' did have ''till dey wuz 18 years old." Margaret''s father went to the war with tell ''bout one man named Si what run ''way wid dem yankees when dey come bring a steamer down dere wid a red flag, ''cause dey knowed dem folks laughs when us calls ''em ''good old days,'' and dey wants to know how come gadgets to wuk wid lak dey got now, but I still calls ''em de good old "My Daddy said slaves went to de white folks'' church ''til dey got some "Dere didn''t many folks die out back in dem good old days, ''cause dey "Honey, back in dem good old days us went to church wid our white folks. 22976 dat way ''fore I wuz borned dey uster strip dem niggers start naked an'' I reckon I wuz twelve years old when my mammy come ter de house an'' Yes ''um, I reckon I wuz glad ter git free, case I knows den dat I won''t He says right low dat dey done took marster Jordan ter de Marster Charlie an'' Missus Mary wuz good ter de hundred slaves what tell ''bout marsters dat when dere slaves runned away dey''d set de You wuz axin'' ''bout de slave sales, an'' I want ter tell you dat I has "Way long time atter dat ole Marster Jim come ter visit his niggers, an'' wuz de way dey got married dem days; de pore white folks done de same We went wid de white folks to church; dey were good ter us, dat''s de I knows dat de Yankees wus good ter de niggers but dey warn''t so 23956 24194 24503 24613 24968 25154 25277 25653 26123 spirit to take the place of Christian principle; men who have exhibited and pious men, who opposed the measure; and a great deal was said and Another measure of Abolitionists, calculated to awaken evil feelings, with the Abolitionists, as to the sin and evils of slavery, and the duty duty and rectitude, tend to awaken evil feelings, and indispose the mind friendship; all the feelings of respect accorded to good and useful men; great Abolition Society,--to convince every northern man that slavery at the South, against the evils of slavery, and northern men had free success to the cause of the slave, there will be men from the North and man''s character, feelings, and conduct, all depend upon his opinions. every man, that his fellow-men should _believe right_, and one of his communicating to others any evil respecting any of his fellow-men, when Abolitionists are men who come before the public in the character of 27767 I know it is claimed, by men in the slave States, that slavery gentleman states that they (the non-slaveholders) hold slavery in the the white men in the slave States over twenty-one years of age, there is country by the slave power, was claimed by it as a great triumph of benefit of slavery, and to deprive the people of the free States of many good and humane men in slave States, who deprecate these wrongs; greater rights than to a man from a free State. by no means admitted that men from the South have a right to hold slaves a slave State, I claim, also, that I will take the Constitution of my slave laws, habits, and customs, the people of the free States are to a The slavery party is constantly complaining that the free States enact The people of the slave States have the right to continue 27949 "Daisy has eyes--and a head," said Preston. "I think--I know very little about it," I said hesitating. "I will ask Aunt Gary," I said; "and I think she will let you build my "Reckon He loves rich people de best, Miss Daisy," the girl said, in a "De time pass quick, and Miss Daisy see her pa''," he said at last. "Do little missie ask de Lord for help?" Darry said, his eyes by this "Come, Daisy, be a little sensible!" said Preston, who was in a fume "Laws, Miss Daisy," said Margaret, with a quick look at the other "Daisy, Daisy!" said Preston--"And there you lie, looking like a poor "Mrs. Sandford," said I, "I should like to know what the dress would "I did not know you went there," said Preston, in something so like a _I_ know where to look," said Miss Cardigan. 28021 wicked man was coming to take little Harry away from his mother, and at this moment that poor Eliza and little Harry came to his door. "Nobody shall hurt you here, poor woman," said Mrs. Bird. "When she wakes and feels a little rested, we shall see," said Mrs. Bird, who began to busy herself with her knitting. night before Eliza and little Harry came to their door. "Poor woman," said Mrs. Bird, "it is much further off than you think; wicked trader, and what his poor mother had suffered to bring him away. little Harry to him, and the rest of it was paid with poor Tom. Think "I''s older, ye know," said Tom, stroking the boy''s fine curly head with "Thank you, my little lady," said Tom. The boat here stopped at a small landing to take in wood, and Eva, From that day Tom and Eva were great friends. 28064 sectional end, the Constitution and power of the Federal Union. slavery in any State or territory of the Union. Congress sovereign power over the territories of the United States for or their people for national or Federal purposes, not powers to govern people of a territory when they come to form a State Constitution, are State Constitution, to decide the question of slavery for themselves by State Constitution prohibiting slavery, and was asking admission to the people with the question of slavery, would now have been a Free State the Federal government, to extend slavery into all the territories of Federal government; _first_, to prohibit slavery in all the territories slavery in any territory, can the Federal government bring slaves under exist in any territory of the United States over which the constitution Congress, and full power in the people of the States and territories to 28170 Oh, dat was a tough time cause dey use de whip in dem days. much more for de colored peoples in dat day en time den what dey got to right next de white folks house en is ketch aw de fish dere dat we is de peoples in Marion did ever know bout meet right dere on dat same know bout some white folks dat didn'' half feed dey colored people en chillun got to go to school dis year en dat a good thing cause dere be people does have bout de New Years'' Day. Reckon dat what dey call it, I Dat de reason I won'' cook for none dese white folks dis day en time uv sheep den en dis jes ''bout de time uv de year dat dey shear de sheep. Dey didn'' do nothin bout dere dat I know of. 28197 THE TRIAL OF CRANDALL presents the first case of a man charged with that Crandall gave the witness such a paper to read. said he got of Crandall in Linthicum''s shop, and that the words "read defendant in publishing the libel stated in the first count, any papers libellous matter charged thereon has any evidence of publication been to admit the said alleged libellous pamphlets in evidence has been prove malice in publishing the libel in the first count, to read to the asked to admit certain pamphlets said to be of similar libellous was evidence of malice in the publication of the pamphlet charged in the libellous character, is of itself evidence of malice in the publication, _Witness._ Dr. Crandall in reply to this remark, said, "well let the law Crandall did not state at what time the words "please read and Witness read a paper which contained Crandall''s 28242 the equal rights of man; yet in these two countries slave laws have been [Footnote J: In the new slave States, there are a great many negroes, against a fellow-slave, or free colored man, even in cases affecting _The whole power of the laws is exerted to keep slaves in a state of In most of the slave States the law is silent on this subject; but that In nearly all slaveholding States, a slave emancipated by his master''s Free people of color, like the slaves, are excluded by law from all In Georgia, any slave, or free person of color, is for a similar The children of the slave must be supported by his master; the free man It will, perhaps, be said that the free people of color in the slave in slave states, where the laws afford little or no protection to negro 29055 obliged to promote Religion, Learning, Arts and Trade in _Virginia_, are in the _late Queen_''s Time, did great Good among them in seven Years: In of Learning, Religion and good Manners among the _Heathen Indians of Discretion, in good Favour with the Gentry, and great Esteem and Respect like Leather, unless it be of a good Age. When Land is tired of _Tobacco_, it will bear _Indian Corn_ or _English Laws, and there is some good Living in this large Country, in which is the present Income of the College with good Management will easily allow sent out Missionaries among their own Country-Folks, what great Good Good of the Clergy and Laity; but Works of this Nature, where great Interest and present Trade of the Plantations and _Great Britain_ would and Projects, and do great Good to themselves and the Publick. better have Goods of the Produce of our own People and Countries, than 31178 free people of color--to abolish the foreign slave trade--to reclaim and The annual increase of the free colored and slave population in the THE AMERICAN COLONIZATION SOCIETY RECOGNISES SLAVES AS PROPERTY. THE AMERICAN COLONIZATION SOCIETY RECOGNISES SLAVES AS PROPERTY. THE AMERICAN COLONIZATION SOCIETY INCREASES THE VALUE OF SLAVES. THE AMERICAN COLONIZATION SOCIETY INCREASES THE VALUE OF SLAVES. free people of color will render the slave who remains in colonization in Africa of the free colored people. colonization in Africa of the free colored people. free people of color of the United States on the coast of Africa, offered by ''the American Society for colonizing the free people of color colonization of the free people of color of the United States on Colonization Society to cause the free people of color of these United Colonization Society; which aims to remove us, the free people of color, 31191 of your vote for the Fugitive Slave Law. You had a high and recent Court, Congress has the power to pass a law for the recovery of fugitive Constitution respecting fugitive slaves was the grand compromise State had at that very time a law for catching and returning fugitive an act of Congress secures to the Slave States officers in the navy in Your first excuse for voting for the recent slave-catching law, after was proved to be a slave; while under the new law that power is are omitted in your law, as the word _slave_ is in the Constitution, but _black_ man, the Constitution required a jury trial, recollect, Sir, the Fugitive Slave Act. Such men were, in the language of one of the New congratulate yourself, that, in voting for the Fugitive Slave Law, you 1. "The Fugitive Slave Bill passed by Congress shall remain the law of 31219 De ole missus wus right nice ter ever''body dat day an'' of dem lived ter be named, dat wus Hyacinth, an'' he died ''fore he was a de McGee place got married de marster always said dat dere duty wus ter "Dere wus ''bout fifty slaves on de plantation, an'' dey wurked from "No slaves ever run away from our plantation cause marster wus good to "Yes, suh, de wus'' I knows ''bout slavery times is what dey tols me ain''t had much time, ter do us any damage case dey wus too busy atter "When freedom come mother and father stayed on wid marster cause dey every three slaves who wushed dey wus back wid dere marsters. "Dey said dat Mr. Nat''s oberseer wus kinder mean ter de slaves, an'' "When de Yankees come Marse wus off ter de war so dey tuck de place wid 31410 adventurers that the slaves of the Arab sheik and his followers were passed through the mind of the Arab sheik,) "old Nick burn him!--thinks Golah''s son and the other guard had noticed the old sailor''s suffering food, along with the day''s rest, had caused all the white slaves to turn On Golah being secured, the white slaves, with old Bill at their head, constant watch; and the thought of this caused the old Arab sheik to "Very likely," said Harry; "but how do you know it is Golah''s track?" when, by an order from the old sheik, his followers turned away from the Terence, that Golah would yet kill the Arabs, and take the boy slaves Taking the Krooman by one arm, the Arab sheik led him up to the old said Jim, speaking to the Arab merchants, "but he does not like to 31425 presumed, as in the case of a common-law English or State court, meaning of the word citizen in the Constitution of the United States, Court of the United States, are regulated by different laws, and stand Constitution; and that the Circuit Court of the United States, for extra-territorial effect of a State law and the act of Congress in States, and that by force of the power to govern, laws could be several States; but the court held that Congress had no power to the Constitution of the United States, or any law of Congress. courts of the slave States cannot be called to give effect to the law United States in a case to which the Constitution and laws of the Constitution and laws, are thereby made citizens of the United States, the laws of the United States, respecting slavery in this Territory, necessity of some power to govern the territory of the United States 31844 out of any contract or compact of government: _that constitutional law, written constitution, that are consistent with natural law, and man''s as our national and state constitutions are now the fundamental laws of of the constitution, the persons recognized by the state laws as The state constitutions recognize the right of men to acquire property; Slave acts were not "laws" according to any state constitution the word "free," in the United States constitution, could not have been constitution of the United States; and if, as the slave argument contemporary state constitutions, or to the law of nature, for the constitution, and the laws of the United States that shall be made in _constitutional_ power, in either the national or state governments, constitutional principle, the natural right of personal liberty. constitution of the United States,) to authorize the slavery that exists therefore, the government declare A to be a slave, natural law may be 32058 impunity in the United States, and while a trade in the bodies of slaves state of slavery necessarily produces to the possessors of slaves, we United States, that "a drove of manacled slaves was to him an A slave having escaped from his master, in the state of North In the state of New Jersey, a female slave, several years ago, was their native state, (Delaware) and sold as slaves for life to itinerant people of the United States, considered collectively as a nation, having Colonizing the Free People of Colour of the United States.'' of Colour of the United States;" Therefore, we the Free People of of Colour of the United States;" Therefore, we the Free People of Derangement of the Human Mind, states, that the slaves imported into the states, acknowledged to him, that he held a mulatto man as a slave, 32239 This was the case under the laws of the state; but the Act of 2. prohibit the carrying on the slave trade from the United States to any persons, in respect to their rights, is into freemen and slaves. day, in the persons of our free Negroes and mulattoes; whose civil "The number of Negroe slaves bartered for in one year (viz. different in the case of a slave, and a free-man. also seems to be the law in the case of free Negroes and mulattoes. remain between the punishment of a slave, and a white person, in those it is probable that there are four slaves for one free white man.--To [Footnote 20: The number of slaves in the United States at the time of After twenty-eight years are past, the number of slaves born must The slaves in Virginia in forty-five years will then be, 32500 America and American Ministers; my general policy in the Anti-Slavery ''charges against America, and American Ministers''--as slave-holding the slaves in America; and as to the state of the churches in the Anti-Slavery Societies in America, stated, that they were great minority in the Southern states as pro-slavery men. had said against slavery had been said in the slave states, and had He (Mr. T.) had said last night, that slavery in America was a national sin, American people had admitted the slave states into the Union; and by was an accession to the anti-slavery societies, in the State of New numbers of anti-slavery societies in America, Mr. Thompson had paraded New-Hampshire State Anti-Slavery Society: To return to the Anti-Slavery Societies of the United States. Having stated the principles of the Anti-Slavery Societies in America, still more manifest after examining the charge brought by Mr. Thompson, that the very churches in America own slaves; and several of 32507 America since the days of Captain John Smith has been the land of hope Milner, to William Bassett and James Austin, to Thomas Blunt and Richard by patent.[3-28] In 1693 John Brushood sold to James Grey 200 acres, a orders that all colonial tobacco, whether of Virginia or the West William Dawson, Richard Bell, Robert Browne, Nicholas Browne, John Thomas Crompe and John Russell state that fifty acres was due in each Ames, John Aram, Robert Arnall, Peter Asheley, William Baldwin, Edward Jonathan Ellison, Edward Eastwood, James Fletcher, Thomas Foanes, John Robert Garsell, George Gilbert, Henry Giles, Hector Godbear, Francis "The poverty of Virginia is such," said a certain John Good in 1676, Cato of Mr. William Edwards, Great Jack and Little Jack of Mr. John Colonel William Diggs with 72, John Jones with 69, Mrs. Mary Bolling [5-14] British Public Record Office, CO1-21, Thomas Ludwell to Lord John 32615 Outside the man waited, and Gene moved up close. "How come you''re on this ship?" asked Gene, wincing but letting her Gene looked at Ann, let his eyes rove over her figure. "We''ve _got_ to get off this ship!" said Gene hoarsely. "I didn''t ask for it," said Gene. "I won''t take it sitting down!" said Gene angrily. head seemed on the point of bursting, Gene said: "Yes, sir!" Gene stared, the old man talked in his ear. Gene nodded, asked: "Can I look at the jet assembly?" Gene was convinced the old man knew what he was talking about. Gene laid a hand on Schwenky''s massive shoulder. Schwenky turned a face, red and popeyed, to Gene. "We''ve got to get them," said Gene. us," said Gene. "Call MacNamara," said Gene. "Call MacNamara," said Gene. "He detonated the pile!" said Gene, "He turned himself into an atom 32809 Prisoners transported--English slave-trade--Comparative cost of negroes voyage--Jamaica--Slavery in Africa--Treatment of the West Indian slave. rights--Civil war in Hispaniola--"Perish the colonies"--Great slave our nation who went to the West Indies, but he got his goods sent from English and French did great injury to the Spanish trade. Indians that one of their kings came to England in his vessel, and was made." If Spain wanted peace, why did her people murder a ship''s company of the islands, and Guiana was soon abandoned to the Dutch and French. in the same boat for New England, passing along the Spanish islands, African Company, the great slave-trading corporation of that time, was with English colonies, and had brought a fair number of negroes; and man-of-war bring in a New England vessel and hang five men at the exclusive supply of negro slaves to the Spanish colonies for thirty of the slave-trade as far as Great Britain and her colonies were 32923 American boy told me the Arabs are wicked, and are accursed of God. Said he to me that same day in hearing of the Sultan''s son, as if he was "Sultan, son of Ali," said Khamis, "thou art a strong and wise man. "Simba is a great strong man, but whom dost thou value more, father--thy "Boy," said Tifum, addressing Selim, "Ferodia, chief of the Watuta "Well, Abdullah," said Selim, "the night has come, and thou must decide said, "Come, let us leave Moto and Simba with the pale-faced boy; they One day, Kalulu proposed to Selim, and Simba, and Moto, that they should calling the roll, Kalulu, Selim, Simba, and Moto, left the village by Simba, Moto, Selim, Abdullah, and Kalulu, at once and boys, Selim and Abdullah, and their friends, Simba, Moto, and Niani, "And mine too, Kalulu," said Abdullah; "Selim shall not keep thee all to 33696 of the ten great cotton States of the South! is this: _a separate nationality or the Africanization of the South_. institution of slavery as righteous and just, ordained of God, and to be between the Northern and Southern people, to investigate its true nature The Northern mind has become thoroughly anti-slavery in sentiment. opinion that slavery is a great moral and social evil. would ultimately annihilate the negro race in the South. protect it; the Church of the South is to christianize it; the people of throughout the civilized world, is briefly this: African slavery is no of State rights and Southern equality can preserve the Union. The time for our separation has come, and let all good men unite to Let us prove by our wisdom and our courage that those great principles present and the future, let us be united as one man. 34487 Peter move a little way off on one side of me, while Ready ran about on stopped several times to look at him, but his mouth was watering with and turning round the canoe, Peter and I paddled down the stream, with the man fell, springing into the canoe, seized his left arm, and held came to a small island, on which Marcus ran the canoe on shore. "Come, it is time that we were away," said Marcus. I sprang on shore, followed by Peter and Ready, and the canoe ON THEY COME--ORDER OF BATTLE--NUMBERS PREVAIL--READY AND PETER SAVE MY Indians were too wary to attack the fort till long after our friends had for some long time to come, Peter. Trevor and Swiftfoot went in one canoe, I with Peter and Ready in the for some time as they came up towards our camp Peter went forward, and 34594 records of fugitive slave cases tried at this time within the New England House and Senate for new general fugitive slave acts. personal liberty bills, from the time the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 the use of State jails in fugitive slave cases. to take cognizance of fugitive slave cases, and the use of State jails. punished State officers for participating in fugitive slave cases.[293] =1860, Dec. 12.= To amend the Fugitive Slave Law: _Senate Journal, 36 the Fugitive Slave Law: _House Journal, 36 Cong. =1860, Dec. 12.= To amend the Fugitive Slave Law: _House Journal, 36 =1860, Dec. 12.= To amend the Fugitive Slave Law: _House Journal, 36 =1860, Dec. 12.= To amend the Fugitive Slave Law: _House Journal, 36 =1860, Dec. 12.= To amend the Fugitive Slave Law: _House Journal, 36 of the Fugitive Slave Law by States: _Cong. Julian''s Resolution to amend the Fugitive Slave Law. 34915 At the Anniversary of the American Anti-Slavery Society, Esq., President of the American Anti-Slavery Society, and, upon taking right of appealing to England for aid in overthrowing Slavery in this country, has been called in question, in public meetings and by the America as against England, or against any other country or land. They are men, and the Slave is a man, find moral power in this nation sufficient to overthrow Slavery? overthrow Slavery, and I welcome the aid of England. overwhelming MORAL SENTIMENT against Slavery now flowing into this land. Sir, it is said that, when abroad, I misrepresented my country on this Slavery illegitimately into the World''s Temperance Convention. I heard not a word of the American Slaves, who, if seven prejudices of the English Churches against American Slavery. from Christian America, in England, pouring their leprous pro-slavery The Slave sends no Delegates to the World''s Temperance Convention. 35222 _contrary to the right of Christian freedom_, they had bought as slaves of Europe to treat all captives, taken in war, as slaves. redeem the wretched captives, sold away to Tunis and Algiers. Turks of Algiers, suffered by an English Captive Merchant, with a Christian slaves at Algiers, to the number of four thousand, rose and The story of the efforts to escape from slavery in the Barbary States, viz., _that the American slaves at Algiers are_ WHITE _people, whereas "any Christians whatever, captives in Algiers," making their escape and fugitive "Christians, captives in Algiers," leaving slaves of another Slavery of the Christians at Algiers. on the _history_ of Christian Slavery in the Barbary States. The slavery of Christians by the Barbary States is regarded as an son," he says, "is now a slave in Algier, and but ten years of age, and Christian slavery, says, "In short, there were slaves who left Algiers 35481 Slave Society and of Free Society, of slavery to human Masters and of The negro slave is free, too, when the labors of the day are respectable than negro slavery--for the master works nearly as hard for Southern masters do, because the slaves to capital work harder and cost Free laborers have not a thousandth part of the rights and liberties of protects the slave, encourages the oppression of free laborers--for it profits come ultimately from common laborers)--to live without work, by compulsion over free laborers, than human masters over slaves: for free laborers must at all times work or starve, and slaves are supported Free laborers have less liberty than slaves, to capital in free society is worse than Southern negro slavery; but illustrate the condition of free labor societies we may indeed wages of the free laborer, increases his hours of work, and free laborers work more for others and less for themselves than 35662 our Government, slave States were admitted without objection. admission of a State into the Union when her constitution tolerates slave States shall be admitted into the Union, and because we do not agree Now, sir, what do we find in the Constitution of the United States which not legislate to exclude slavery from the Territories, we are the authors only States that made a question on this African slave trade. In a Confederacy of one-half slave States and one-half free Constitution that new States may be admitted into the Union, _without Kentucky was admitted into the Union as a slave State, without objection, of Kentucky as a slave State. giving the slave States additional representation and power in the Senate and he represented the people of the slave States; and no matter what his Louisiana was admitted into the Union, in 1812, as a slave State. Now, sir, what is the state of parties? 36055 Value of Lands in the Free and in the Slave States--A few Plain Acre of Lands in the States of New York and North Carolina. North and South--Wealth and Population of New-York, Baltimore, show positively how the free and slave States do stand upon the great and single free State of New-York produces more than _three times_ the products of the free and of the slave States--hay, cotton, butter and the rural wealth of the free States is far greater than that of the slave the average time of the abolition of slavery in the Northern States--the value of lands in the Free and the Slave States of the West. convention of non-slaveholders from every slave State in the Union, to Independence, abolished slavery at the same time the Northern States value per acre of land in the State of New York is $36.97; in North 37296 question of the slave-trade is little known; the abolition of it, by the Royal African Company [1], at a time when the traffic in slaves That Irving possessed a native humanity and right feeling, would Irving declined viewing any more of the slaves on that day, and lost no time in making good his purchase of the female slave and her Irving to conceal the transaction of the female slave from the king, good the purchase of Imihie and her poor boy, that his heart was view of oppression, and the free exercise of power over the slaves, young to feel the full magnitude of his loss; yet his little heart poor Samboe, like many a white boy and girl, felt the misery of respecting the slave-trade, frequently formed a part; and Samboe had poor country,'' said Samboe, ''and my generous friends, what a sad 37890 that of the south, was sweeping away all chance of new slave States. be made far more profitably with African slaves than by free white labor, mentioned above, from a time long before the southern States showed a The negro''s work as a slave in the coal and iron mines of the south never the average negro in southern slavery was far better than it was in Africa property of the southern States which, by the law of nations, are good African slavery in the United States to the negro. southern negro is the effect of American slavery; that the cause having deliver the white laborers of the south from the negroes. anti-negro amendments of the constitutions of southern States, and the south, states that in the year 1900 the per cent of negroes was larger in average negro slave of the south and the conditions and effects of slavery 38173 Indian nations--Creeks, Cherokees, Choctaws, and Chickasaws--would annual cost to the United States government of the Indian service west of Confederate States to the Indian tribes west of Arkansas, had accompanied the United States government, the Indians of the Neosho Agency gave[483] a service of the United States, to assist the friendly Creek Indians in confidence of the southern Indians in the United States government. United States government and also, a little later on, to the Indian tribes Commissioner of the Confederate States to the Indian tribes West Ms. in United States Indian Office among the Fort Smith in trust by the United States government for the Indian tribes (House found among the _Fort Smith Papers_ in the United States Indian Office, by said agent.--Indian Office, General Files, _Cherokee, 1859-1865_, Choctaw nations, until such time as said forts, Indian agencies, etc., States Government in Trust for Indian Tribes, being House _Report_, 36th 38716 instruction of the negroes, it is stated that slaves are "connected with "If any person shall teach any slave, negro, or free person of shall procure, suffer, or permit a slave, negro, or person of color, "If any slave or free person of color shall preach to, exhort, or "No person of color, whether free or slave, shall be allowed to "It shall not be lawful for any slave, free negro or mulatto to that, "whenever any negro-slave shall be taken up in this State as a Throughout all the Slave States, the law presumes every free negro to be chance in a thousand that all their new masters would be like Dr. Fuller, or that they would escape the lot of most other slaves,--a state slave in one State under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, slave by his master, which the Constitution of the United States was 38855 of Union Prisoners--Colonel Walter''s second visit--Day of comes a war between the North and the South, let us do as Abraham ALMIGHTY GOD--We would present our country, the United States of guard--Priceville--General Gordon--Bound for Tupelo--The Prisoners Several times a day officers would come in and order a specified number of Yankees, adhesion to the United States government or Unionism, acting as were no guards stationed on the south side of the prison during the day; As the officers passed Captain Bruce, he asked where the prisoners were of the Union men in prison and within the rebel lines. good in the case of Union men who are citizens of the South. night I escaped from prison, were placed under close arrest, and were Soon all the prison-guards on duty during the night, thirty-three in In the slave States all those born north of the "nigger line," are 4048 "Pray, dear Mother," said the boys, "tell us what else you heard in dear old woman, after thinking one moment, said to him, "I have two "As the wig began to speak," said their mother, "he gave a slight and said, "Now, Alice, your hair is all out of the way, and you will to her, one day, "Alice, I see you don''t like to have your hair tied "Nothing, father," said Alice, "only a little headache; mother has When she went home, her mother said, "Why, Alice, your hair is all One day, her father called her to him, and said, "Come, Alice, and In a day or two, the good Squire would look at his baskets, and, "Ah!" said he, "the old head will fall too, before long. laugh at me," said she, "but I will keep the dear old man''s wig. 4055 40698 Constitution of the United States, and the Fugitive Slave Law, passed in Missouri off almost entirely from all territorial connexion with States of the Convention declare, as solely and exclusively a matter of State south-western slaveholding States are as open to emigration from non-slaveholding States as Kansas. of our present form of government, that the slave States should retain The Convention was called to order by Judge Thompson, of Clay county, On motion of Col. Young, of Boone county, Resolved, That a committee of The Convention was called to order by the President, when, on motion of States of Missouri, Arkansas and Texas; this Convention, representing the Constitution and laws of the United States, have equal rights to 9. That this convention and the people they represent, and the State nullifying the Constitution of the United States, and the laws of Constitution of the United States, and the laws of Congress relating to 40760 One Saturday evening, when I came home from the corn field, my master night at a small tavern, and our master said we were within a day''s We passed this day through cotton-fields and pine woods, alternately; off, my young master, whom I had seen on the day of my arrival, came out followed up our work with great industry all night, only taking time to When the night came, the master again told me he should go to bed, not yet I had been compelled to work all the time, by night and by day, I had to work in the day-time, but went every night to witness this to my master''s plantation, and took me from the field to the house, The next day, my new master set off with me to the place of This man was a slave, but hired his time of his master at two hundred 40799 obliging the slaves to live in a state of promiscuous intercourse, attainments among the free people of color--living epistles known and restore their victims to themselves, to the human family, and to God. We know, and we rejoice in the knowledge, that the gift of intellect is If we contemplate the moral character of the colored man we shall meet feeling, which God designed should exist among his creatures; it creates upon our colored brethren and sisters, we feel that it is equally colored man could not rise in his native land to an equality with his "American Society for Colonizing the Free People of Color of the with them in their sufferings, of which the free people of color in the people of color from the slaves, to prevent all coalition between them, our God the blessing promised unto those who consider the poor, the Lord 41173 THE NON-SLAVEHOLDERS OF THE SLAVE STATES. average number of slaves we assign to each slaveholder is probably far Now the number of slaves in the United States by the last taken for granted, that every white man at the South is a slaveholder, price of land in the free and slave States. comparative ignorance of the free and slave States. prevailing in the old States of South Carolina, Virginia, and North were received by the citizens of the slave States. different state of society under freedom and slavery; suffer us now to States Senate, "Let an abolitionist come within the borders of South passed by public meetings in almost every slave State. In some of the slave States laws have been passed establishing a In the Senate, the slave States have precisely as many as the free; and [13] 135 from the free and 88 members from the slave States. In these States slave labor is 41709 orphan house-girl, whenever my mother went from home, was left to her loved servant--says she remembers to this day her joy at my mother''s It was known by the negroes that their old master''s will set them free my mother''s early friends, and those delightful old ladies, in close Some weeks after this conversation we had a visit from a friend--Dr. Bagby--who, having lived in New York, and hearing us express a wish to Like all old homes, Oaklands had its bright as well as its sorrowful The old man, their father, his mind shattered by grief, continued day The house was in charge of an old negro woman--the purchaser not living an old negro who sold himself in this way, and cannot be In 1859 we had a visit from two old friends of our family--a Years have passed, and the old homes have been long deserted where the 44398 [The following poems, with one exception, were written at sea, in the The great work ended, were dismissed and fed Like Luther''s, in the days of old, Like the prophetic voice, that cried From morn till night he followed their flight, With a voice so wild and free, For Death had illumined the Land of Sleep, Their falling chains shall be. A poor old slave, infirm and lame; VOICES OF THE NIGHT. PROFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF GIESSEN, ETC. PROFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF GIESSEN, ETC. PROFESSOR OF MEDICINE AND CHEMISTRY IN THE UNIVERSITY AND KING''S ERVING PROFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY IN HARVARD UNIVERSITY. ERVING PROFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY IN HARVARD UNIVERSITY. PROFESSOR OF MODERN HISTORY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. PROFESSOR OF ANCIENT AND MODERN HISTORY IN HARVARD UNIVERSITY. ERVING PROFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY AND MINERALOGY IN HARVARD UNIVERSITY. AUTHOR OF "VOICES OF THE NIGHT," "HYPERION," ETC. 44579 desired to keep negroes out; that imported slaves were taxed largely As to the number of negroes in Pennsylvania at different times during could purchase negroes, the days of slavery in Pennsylvania were nearly year by the terms of a recorded deed a negro was sold to a new master Negro slaves were subject to another class of restrictions which were restrictions upon the actions of negro slaves in matters in which white When the day''s work was over the negroes of Pennsylvania seem to have slavery in Pennsylvania, there being no active interchange of negroes. crime among the negroes of Pennsylvania during the slavery period--no "Notices of Negro Slavery as connected with Pennsylvania," This freeing of negroes at so early a time in the history of the colony about the negro, slave as well as free.[179] "Negroes or Slaves," Yearly 63, said "there are few negroes or slaves" ... 44736 Let no man touch the great interests of humanity, who does men through the world, that slavery is a grievous wrong to human nature, the right of his nature, and be justly punished with slavery. of the same rational and moral nature, who can make good a right over Our laws know no higher crime than that of reducing a man to slavery. Man, who has by his nature a right to be free. claims, as proprietor, the right to repress the powers of his slaves, to principle in human nature than the consciousness of rights. Having considered the great fundamental right of human nature, Every man has a right to use the means, given by God and sanctioned by nation''s mind by renouncing Right as its Supreme Law. Let a people exalt Prosperity above Rectitude, and a more dangerous end of slavery differ; that the rights of the slave are not as wantonly 44761 slave-holding States Slavery is sanctioned by the church. knows that slave-holding is no disqualification for church membership, if the northern churches countenance the southern in slave-holding, it their sins, then is the northern church guilty of upholding Slavery. voting for a slave-holding warrior, you say that Slavery is right, of Anti-Slavery men; for it will not do to cry out against slave-holders _slave-holding_, and the _extension of Slavery_. true friends of the Slave to leave those churches where ministers or do you not fellowship northern churches, who have slave-holders recognises as lawful the Slavery existing in the several States, or to deliver a Slave proved to be such, under the laws of the State, without prove that in such a State he held the person claimed as his Slave, and slave-holder the Constitution, if he believed it Anti-Slavery. men;" but still we would ask, if the Constitution is as Anti-Slavery as 45125 America, was himself born a slave, and the story of his life begins and the first slaves that were brought from Africa to the United States. Captain Smith, together with the masters of some London slave ships As time went on, and the demand for slave labor increased, the men At this time it had become the custom to gather great numbers of slaves performed, not by Negro slaves, but by white bond servants, who were came about that the slavery of the black man and the servitude of the Negro slave was that the one was a servant for a period of years and the destiny of the man with the black skin to be the servant and the slave the distance between the free white man and the black slave seem greater formerly been slaves on the plantation, continued for a number of years 45230 natural state of mankind is War, and to sustain the exulting language as an important repository of the Law of Nations, defines War as "that law under which nations are set to the bar like common men, War Peace we must prepare for War. _For what use is the Standing Army of the United States?_ For many like individuals, disowning War as a proper Arbiter of Justice, shall must prepare for War. Has not the time come, when man, whom God created War, sanctioned by International Law as a mode of determining _justice_ virtues and fame on earth, till the great consoler, Time, shall come only Universal Man, shall dedicate the labors of a long life, not to "In a time of war, like the present, the militia laws of the State in order to enlist soldiers to make war 45522 That reaches the question of Master and Slave. Shall Slave-craft prevail, and the moralist nod "With stars for the Masters and stripes for the Slaves!" --Or if the Good Gospel be Slavery Law, between the white families; and an increase of the number of slaves, is express abhorrence of the men who make a business of breeding slaves for |L Stands for _Liberty_, Know you the bell By Freedom''s assertion of Slavery Law? |M, Stands for _Master_. You claim the relation of Master and Slave, upon the great truth that the negro is not equal to the white man.... |S Stands for _Slavery_. "Slavery and the Slave Trade pervaded every nation of civilized tenderly for slave mothers as Northern ladies care for poor white Who down in the South become whippers of slaves? For perished shall _then_ be the Slavery rod, And man stand erect in the image of God. 45631 Epps'' Plantation--Discover his Slaves in the Cotton-Field--The entering a slave State, it would be well, before leaving New-York, to "You told that man you came from New-York," said he. plantation, passing the slaves at work in the cotton field. POMEGRANATE TREES--RETURN TO BAYOU BOEUF--MASTER FORD''S REMARKS ON POMEGRANATE TREES--RETURN TO BAYOU BOEUF--MASTER FORD''S REMARKS ON At such times, said he, the heart of man turns COTTON FIELD--THE SLAVE''S LABORS--FEAR ON APPROACHING THE bed time, on Epps'' plantation, any day almost during the entire period Finally, Epps came towards the house, by this time One day, while working on the new house, Bass and Epps became engaged the said Solomon Northup is a free citizen of the State of New-York, the said Solomon Northup was not a slave at the time of the birth of said Solomon Northup, and has not been a slave at any time within the 45954 State legislation on the subject of fugitive slaves was declared entirely inapplicable to State laws on fugitive slaves,--for the simple Mr. President,--You bid me speak for the Senate of the United States. as a Slave State, Slavery was forever prohibited in all the remaining people of the Missouri Territory to form a Constitution and State eminent Senator of that State, but at this time a Representative, while questions of Constitutional Law, his course as a Senator from Maryland Senators from each of the Slave States, Louisiana, Tennessee, Kentucky, organizing a Territory, or even a new State, down to the present time, slaves is recognized by the Constitution of the United States. States, and also by the principles of the Common Law, Slavery is a speech delivered in the Senate of the United States in his day. by the whole Slave Power in the Senate, and for a time he was the 46091 _Pete._ It''s dem black trash, Mas''r George; dis ere property wants _Grace._ Yes, Mas''r George, dey was born here; and old Pete is fonder _George._ ''Tis Zoe. _Scud._ O, I have not spoiled that anyhow. _M''Closky._ Good morning, Mr. Sunnyside; Miss Dora, your servant. _Dora._ Zoe, he''s going; I want him to stay and make love to me _George._ Come, Miss Dora, let me offer you my arm. Zoe, the more I see of George Peyton the better I like him; but he is _George._ The world, Zoe, the free struggle of minds and hands, if _Scud._ [Seeing Dora.] Come, Mrs. Peyton, take my arm. _Enter_ Mrs. Peyton _and_ Scudder, M''Closky _and_ Pointdexter, R. _George._ Zoe, they shall not take you from us while I live. _Enter_ Scudder, George, Ratts, Caillou, Pete, Grace, Minnie, _and _Ratts._ Look here, the boy knows and likes me, Judge; let him come 47050 African slave trade, showing how slavery originated; have defined Slave Code" by Mr. Goodell; "Barnes on Slavery;" "Bible Servitude," by Seven millions of slaves in America--Slavery originated in the Slaves denied an education--Laws--Instances--Slavery disregards a slave--Slavery had no existence in the time of the the law of Moses essentially different from American slavery--Meaning NEW TESTAMENT AND SLAVERY--SERVANTS mentioned but not SLAVES--DOULOS does not mean SLAVE--New Testament does not regulate slavery Apostles--Onesimus not a slave--Character of Roman slavery--Contrary laws--Slaveholders from necessity--Slaves their property--All right Christian citizens--Slavery in the District--Territories--Slave Jubilee--Slavery cannot be reformed--Slaves prepared for freedom--Free "Slaves shall be claimed, held, taken, reputed, and adjudged in law, to a state of slavery it cannot produce any _civil effect_, because slaves WHAT IS EARNED BY THE SLAVE BELONGS TO THE MASTER, by the common law, law of South Carolina provides that slaves shall "not labor to exceed kill." But slavery authorizes in many cases the killing of slaves. 4958 eyes, and child-like he grasps the hand of the young man. the young man, laying his right hand approvingly on Tom''s head. Tom gives his hand to the young man, who, as old Spunyarn enters the The young man thought it well not to interrupt the old woman''s "Nay, good friend," returns the old man, rising from his sofa, old man says he will be all ready when she comes. thoughts did not come out?" And the old man shakes his head, mutters heathen world, and those poor wretches (''Sure enough!'' says Mrs. Swiggs) who eat one another, never have heard of a God, and prefer work of bringing from darkness (''Just as I feel,'' thinks Mrs. Swiggs) unto light those poor benighted wretches of the heathen A little removed from the old Judge (excellent man) sits Anna be placed at the table for Tom. The antiquarian, having, as he says, left the young people to 49745 Walter and Ned went on board the vessel in Boston some days before the "Ned," said Walter, the next day, as he was looking over the Ned''s, Walter having told him about Charlie Bell and his boy companions "Pilot," said the captain, "is there any good place near here where we "I guess you''re right, Ned," said Walter, stretching himself; "and that As they lay with heads pillowed on their packs, "Ned," said Walter, "I "I didn''t know olive trees grew so large," said Walter. "Well," said Ned, who felt that a good part of Walter''s spleen arose As they went on, Walter said, "I shouldn''t think a man in this country "All these people want," said Walter to Ned, "is opportunity. "Suppose we should run up the colors, captain," said Walter, "and stir "Yes, my brave sailor-boy," said the captain, taking Ned on his knee 50020 was ordained that the emancipated laborers were to work six years for estate; and now I am free."'' He said that planters, who retained their emancipation has proved a great blessing to the people, and the planters de free come.'' They told us they worked a great deal better, since they On the first of August, 1834, the people labored on the estates the same planters now encouraged missionaries to labor among their people, and a small estate on the island sold shortly before emancipation, with all At Dominica, Mr. Gurney found the emancipated laborers "working by emancipated laborers, near the estates on which they were formerly years, during slavery, the laboring class in eleven of the islands had In the days of slavery, laborers generally lived in Whether free labor works better results, time will show. emancipated slaves, who had worked so many years without wages_. 51371 fellow men, relative to the subject of slavery, it is necessary that we wrongs inflicted on the poor slave, that they deal in unjust severity of men, were but becoming more secure in their claims of property in God''s said this slaveholder, ''who will read the whole Bible to his slaves. victim of slavery, shut out from all true knowledge of God, deprived by life worn out on a slave plantation, toiling to enrich the hard-hearted let the oppressed go free, who claim that _they_ treat their slaves of heaven, and claim that he bears more of God''s image than his slave? the oppressed and broken hearted slave, as for us, or for the man who fear God or love man, resolve before high Heaven, that they will not your fellow men, look at the wrongs of the slave, and weep and toil for men into obedience to the commands of God. Slavery cannot long live 51855 "If somebody goes back," Dodd said, "the people will know. "This is the place of masters," Cadnan said. "Sure you do," Dodd said, and his voice began to rise. "And I don''t like going alone," Albin said. "It is better to be master than slave," Marvor said sullenly. "But we are not masters," Cadnan said, with the air of a person trying Marvor hissed and at the same time shook his head like a master. Cadnan, not knowing if this were good or bad, said nothing at all, but "The masters are good," Cadnan said stolidly into the silence. "The people know," Dodd said. The master beckoned through the open door of Cadnan''s working-room, and "Marvor," Cadnan said after a second. Cadnan said: "If the masters see us?" Cadnan said: "If the masters see us?" Cadnan said: "If the masters see us?" "I think you like living," Norma said. 5205 on land or sea, the people of each and every State of the Union, with appreciate the purpose of their fathers, the United States will remain territory being the common property of States, equals in the Union, In this state of the case, my friends, why is the country agitated? Democratic States Rights men. The fugitive slave compact in the Constitution of the United States then the Constitution and laws of the United States must be the rules upon the Constitution; to violate the rights of the States; to the States, and the powers of the federal government,--such discussion when as a people they come to form a State government, _when they property of all the States, but that those Territories of right right of all property to the protection of the United States, and to power of the people of a State, nevertheless consider it necessary 52113 When we came within sight of the house, Harry walked rapidly on. The Doctor had hardly done speaking when Harry''s step was heard. Harry had passed a good deal of time in Europe." said, with a good-humored smile; "but I know Harry''s choice in the little boy very much, and hope we shall be good friends. When Tabitha came, she brought the little white vase with Harry''s "He gave them something to begin their new life with," said Harry. morning walk, and Harry had promised to come back and take a hand in that Harry does, as belonging to the man, and never thought of asking little I thought, when the Doctor first took his place among us, that I opened the little gate for the Doctor and Harry to pass in, and I did not keep the Doctor and Harry long in the house. 52782 went down the hill struck into the path that Little Crotchet knew. "Yes, Little Master," responded Aaron, "and I''m thinking the young When Aaron left the negro woman at Gossett''s he went rapidly through "Wait a little while, and Simmons''s dog''ll tell you," replied Aaron. This was one of the reasons why Little Crotchet wanted to see Aaron. It was this Teacher that Little Crotchet wanted Aaron to see, a fact "Fiction," said Little Crotchet to Aaron, with an air of great "Man, give me the Little Master," said Aaron from the top of the as he followed Aaron and Little Crotchet from the horse lot to the The Teacher looked from Aaron to Little Crotchet. When Aaron went out at the window, Little Crotchet was sound asleep, And Aaron, when he came to see the Little Master that night, knew for "She wants to hold you," said Aaron to the Little Master. 53904 necessary result of the long twenty years'' war, waged in the free States and the United States, is possible only to a race that has a physical If we wish to know the capacity of their race present race of Englishmen, in the capacity of self-government. present English race is the work of centuries, and contains the blood of pure blood of the black and white race, he need only witness what I who come into the free States only to drag out a few years in some bestowed on either black or white; but those of the colored race who are If it is true that the two races can never co-exist, in a state the industry of that race which made him free, and then come home Southern States turned into a mixed race, whites, blacks, and improving in many respects the condition of the white race, though 55021 At the time Coacoochee was many miles away from his father''s village, Coacoochee, knowing little of the ways of the whites, had not realized Indian had dared draw his knife on a white man who was only exercising When Coacoochee left the Indian village on the night of his betrothal "Why should Coacoochee halt at the command of a white man?" At length they came to the place where the young Indian said he must white man who comes within reach of Osceola''s vengeance, shall be chiefs, this Indian, dazzled by sight of the white man''s gold, This man had proved himself Coacoochee''s friend, and the young chief white man who had so befriended their young war-chief. "Tell the white chief that in five days Coacoochee will come to him. Are the words of Coacoochee good in the ears of the white war-chief?" of Indians followed Coacoochee to the land. 55813 "Thar comes young Masser, and I is glad, kase he looks so good like. "Right well done," said a clear, manly voice; and, looking up, I saw Mr. Worth standing in the open door. As young Master strode away, Misses Jane and Tildy regarded each other "Well, father," said Miss Jane, whilst she stood beside Mr. Peterkin, Miss Tildy turned toward young master, and said, in what was meant for a "No, Mr. Peterkin, the old woman is really dead," said Miss Bradly, in a "Good-bye, Miss Jane," said the humbled, weeping negro. During young master''s illness I had but little communication with Amy. By Miss Jane''s order she had been brought into the house to assist in Miss Bradly ask Mr. Peterkin when he heard from young master. "Yes, father, Amy needs a good whipping," said Miss Jane, "for she has "How lovely he was in life," said Miss Jane. 57383 On the 19th, just twenty days after the crossing, the city was completely invested and an assault had been made: five distinct battles (besides continuous skirmishing) had been fought and won by the Union forces; the capital of the State had fallen and its arsenals, military manufactories and everything useful for military purposes had been destroyed; an average of about one hundred and eighty miles had been marched by the troops engaged; but five days'' rations had been issued, and no forage; over six thousand prisoners had been captured, and as many more of the enemy had been killed or wounded; twenty-seven heavy cannon and sixty-one field-pieces had fallen into our hands; and four hundred miles of the river, from Vicksburg to Port Hudson, had become ours. 59834 "Yes, I hear it," said Old Master, quivering with rage. "Madam," said Old Master, "let me manage him, if you please. "Yes, that''s all true enough," said Old Master, "but in Dan''s case "Sophistry!" Old Master shouted, and upon the young man he turned with have run away, but I saw Old Master coming, so I stood my ground. "Clem," said Old Master, leaning upon the table and looking at him, "Clem," said Old Master, bending a hard look upon his brother and Old Master looked at Bob and laughed. stringent a measure," said he, turning his eyes upon Old Master and that Old Master had sent for them, Mr. Clem said, "All right, soon "Yes, I know," said Bob, "but when a young man goes into an old "Your eye, sir," said the old man, and the young said that a man outside wanted to see Old Master. 63254 rum, slave and molasses trade" was brought to New England to a condition especially of the slave trade and of slavery in the United States, as well it was ceded to the United States; slavery continuing to exist there under The action of the several States upon the subject of slavery and the slave foreign slave trade was now prohibited in all of the states as well as all of the States, showing that the right to introduce slaves was regarded of the slave trade from foreign countries to the United States, to take In the same year and about the same time that the United States law was abolition of the slave trade by both the United States and Great Britain, new states, slavery would be prohibited and freedom given to the slaves =Action of the Border Slave States--Convention of Virginia= =Action of the Border Slave States--Convention of Virginia= 67 Neither slavery nor the slave trade came to West Africa with the arrival planters, or white laborers, and the ever-growing mass of African slaves. South American planters began importing slaves, slavery already had a against any slave or Black person testifying in court against any white. both black and white, flocked into the South to help prepare the ex-slave groups: new black voters, whites who had come from the North either to the South it had separate black and white organizations. political and civil rights to the ex-slave, but white supremacy advocates black and white, met in New York City and their meeting resulted in the war, black people around the world, including Afro-Americans, hoped that opening large numbers of new jobs to the Afro-American community. a Northern state, New York, had acquired an Afro-American community which the Afro-American community; this spirit was reminiscent of the new Negro 7133 by the few extreme Southern Slave-holding States--South Carolina and Constitution--prohibiting Slavery in the Territories of the North-west; Slavery from all the Territories of the United States south of, as well Rebellion of the Free Trade and Pro-Slavery States of the South in 1861, that Negro, having been held to actual Slavery in a Free State, has, by of Congress to force it upon them, either as a Free State or a Slave of the right of the people to form a State Constitution as they please, Slavery will go into all the Territories of the United States. Slavery will go into all the Territories of the United States. Congress, under the Constitution of the United States, over the carries Slavery into any or all of the Territories of the United States, that Slavery is a right, which, when transplanted from the Slave-States 7134 Secession, and the duty of other Southern States to sustain South forthwith Secede from the Federal Union, known as the United States of President that "the State of South Carolina is now and henceforth a Free "An Ordinance to dissolve the Union between the State of South Carolina "We the people of the State of South Carolina in Convention assembled, State shall assault Fort Sumter, and peril the lives of the handful of speech, when--replying to the temperate but firm Union utterances of Mr. Hale--the Georgia Senator said: "Sir, I do not believe there will be any Seceding States, called by the South Carolina Convention at the time of United States, Congress shall have power to provide by law, and it shall Amendments to the Constitution of the United States, which shall be The United States shall have power to acquire from time to 7135 Said Senator Wigfall, of Texas, March 4, 1861, in the United States "The moment you deny the right of self-government to the free White men Government; and the people of the Southern States are compelled to meet Patterson ordered him off to Charlestown--twelve miles to the Union left advance of McDowell''s Union Army upon Bull Run, but also with the result Artillery, and that of the Enemy from his batteries behind Bull Run. This artillery-duel continues about one hour; and then seems to cease by Army of the United States"--as it was termed--to view the Rebel position within the Rebel lines of Bull Run, resting them on the South side of Enemy''s batteries, on the West Bank of Bull Run, commanding the Stone the Bull Run line,--that is to say, the chief command of the Enemy''s new upon the left flank and rear of the Enemy''s Bull Run line. 7136 the power of the General Government to Emancipate the Slaves, as a War the instant that your Slave-holding States become the theatre of War For instance, in Major-General McClellan''s proclamation to the Union men Insurrection, or in resisting the Laws of the United States, or shall States, That the present deplorable Civil War has been forced upon the held to Service shall be employed in hostility to the United States, the with regard to it, the War Department issued the following General States of the services of all disposed to support the Government, while Government of the United States, frequently escape from the lines of the would be defended under the laws of War. While the Loyal States thus the United States to make proclamations declaring the Slaves of any liberated Slaves, then will our States and people take this proposition "You appeal to the loyal men of the Slave States to sacrifice something 7137 "I, ABRAHAM LINCOLN, President of the United States of America, and engaged in the Military or Naval service of the United States shall, Rebel States, whose Rebellion shall last until the first day of January States adopting abolishment of Slavery, but in such way that no Slave and forever Free; and the Executive Government of the United States, and forever Free; and the Executive Government of the United States, "Now, therefore, I ABRAHAM LINCOLN, President of the United States, by Navy of the United States, in time of actual armed Rebellion against the States shall have declared, by proclamation, that the laws of the be held to Labor or Service under the law of any State shall be States,--had passed Congress, and been approved by President Lincoln. Government to declare the Slaves of any State, Free; that Hunter''s authority of the Government of the United States, on persons or 7138 Emancipation Proclamation; nor shall I return to Slavery any person who the General Government had no lawful power to effect Emancipation in any State, and for a long time it had been hoped that the Rebellion could be Rights; that the Constitution declares that No Person shall be Union arms; of the rehabilitation or reconstruction of the Rebel States; the Senate of the United States were to adopt this Joint-resolution, and Border-state men, that "the time is unpropitious for such a measure as Amendment if resident at the time it takes effect in any State, the laws Northern States,--would more than counteract all that Union men could Union, destructive of the rights of the States and the liberties of the Constitutional amendment in the House, Peace-Democrats of the Senate upon the Country, I demand to-day, of the Congress of the United States, that great Party: "That, as Slavery was the cause, and now constitutes 7139 On the way, I called on President Lincoln, at the White House. Constitution abolishing Slavery throughout the United States, passed the the Border-State and other War-Democratic Representatives as had before between the Government of the United States and the Rebels, but they both the Union and Rebel Army lines, showed to Mr. Lincoln a letter, difficulties by means of a Military Convention, General Ord stated that On that day, organized, armed Rebellion against the United States and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, "SECTION 1.--The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall Republic of the United States) which they termed the "Solid South," and shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of President Lincoln well termed it, "a government of the people, by the guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government." 7140 by the few extreme Southern Slave-holding States--South Carolina and Slavery from all the Territories of the United States south of, as well States, and of amendments thereto, they constituted a General Government Trade by coupling it with questions of slave labor, States Rights, and violation of the Constitution by the General Government, a State may Rebellion of the Free Trade and Pro-Slavery States of the South in 1861, people of the United States will not consent to bring into the Union a Said he: "I deny the right of Congress to force a Slaveholding State of the right of the people to form a State Constitution as they please, bold, the true, and just men in the Free and Slave States, with a united The United States shall have power to acquire from time to Persons held to Labor or Service by the laws of said State." 8000 the improvement of his land, and the returns to labour increase. thus enables men to economize labour and to increase production. land, by men occupying towns and cities placed among the producers. labour from the great and profitable home market, it tended greatly to and exchanging the products of other lands the labour and capital that return to labour, and that as population increased, men were compelled price of that important product of Southern labour and land. The value of land, like that of labour, therefore increases as we pass rights in land acquired by the people of India by all the labour of When the labour market is near, land acquires value and men tendency of prices, whether of land, labour, or their products, is demand for labour in that country drove the poor people to England in produce from that market tends to raising the value of land and labour 9171 learn from the Bible that the relation of master and slave is not sin _God never intended the relation of master and slave to be perpetual_. _God never intended the relation of master and slave to be perpetual_. relations, in which God has placed men under his rule of subjection; natural evil, physical and social, God placed man on a higher platform for This power over life, for the good of the one great family of man, God of master and slave, but the anti-slavery man ran away into the fog of God in the New Testament made no law prohibiting the relation of master three slaves, with a right heart and the approbation of God, he may hold God, when he ordained government over men, gave to the individual man I now ask, Did God intend to make man-stealing and slave-holding the same words:--Did God command the Hebrews to make slaves of their fellow-men, to 9575 Long as one human heart shall swell And men shall learn to speak of thee Say, shall these writhing slaves of Wrong And shall the slave, beneath our eye, The message of Thy love shall hear; And each wish of thy heart shall be felt as a law." Thy home may be lovely, but round it I hear One voice shall thunder, We are free! Shall not the living God of all the earth, When Wrong shall cease, and Liberty and Love her "Friends" at thy warning shall stand Which God''s right arm of power hath riven; Shall strong rebukings thrill on Freedom''s tongue, Freedom from man, and holy peace with God; High words of Truth, for Freedom and for God. And when that truth its perfect work hath done, When not a slave beneath his yoke shall pine, Its freedom-giving voice shall hear; Thy church shall praise. 9576 Shall thy line of battle falter, How stood''st thou then, thy feet on Freedom planting, Through which thy slave-cursed Texas entered in, In the coming strife for Freedom, yet shall bear Freedom yet shall summon allies Thou for the true Shechinah, the present home of God. For, while the jurist, sitting with the slave-whip In thy lone and long night-watches, sky above and In the dark strife closing round ye, let that hand And the masters of the slave-land shall tremble at God willed their freedom; and to-day Blesses the Old World through the New. Take heart! Let all thy sister States rejoice; o''er thy land of slaves Hath called thee from thy task-field shall not lack God hath heard thy prayer for freedom, and his Priest of God, thy mission is; Still as the Old World rolls in light, shall ours in Thy likeness here is doubtless well, 9577 Thy tears upon the living dead Thank God above thy dear ones'' graves, Speed up the heavens thy perfect day, remanded to slavery under the Fugitive Slave Act, and taken down State Fell sudden darkness like the fall people of the State against the Fugitive Slave Act. I SAID I stood upon thy grave, movement of Free State men to occupy the territory of Kansas, and by the Not in vain a heart shall break, Is in thy ears to-day! To-day, please God, we''ll pass, Rise, from lake shore and ocean''s, like waves in a storm, Freedom''s vote in each hand, and her song on each tongue; Like leaves of November erelong shall they fall, Like the grave fathers of your Age of Gold; Her natural home-born right to Freedom give, With prayers of love like dreams on Virgil''s elm. And, South or North, wherever hearts of prayer 9580 Long as one human heart shall swell The message of Thy love shall hear; And each wish of thy heart shall be felt as a law." Thy home may be lovely, but round it I hear Shall not the living God of all the earth, her "Friends" at thy warning shall stand Speed on Thy work, Lord God of Hosts Freedom from man, and holy peace with God; High words of Truth, for Freedom and for God. Its freedom-giving voice shall hear; Hold, while ye may, your struggling slaves, and burden God''s free air How stood''st thou then, thy feet on Freedom planting, Hath called thee from thy task-field shall not lack God hath heard thy prayer for freedom, and his From love of man thy hate of wrong. And let the light of Thy pure day Whom man hath bound let thy right hand unbind. When God and man shall speak as one! 9595 Bound by the United States constitution to protect the slave-holder in slavery: and the number of slaves has increased more than half a million, system of slavery, to remove the fears of the slave-holder, and increase fundamental truth of human liberty, that man cannot hold property in his The slave-holding states are not free. Let, then, the slave-holding states consult their present interest by And when the voice of all the non-slave-holding states shall be heard on overthrow of a great national evil like that of slavery can only be South, between the slave-holder and the free laborer. slave states, subjecting free colored citizens of New England and of slavery in some of the states renders the demand for free laborers their slaves and to their brethren of the free states. claims to human beings as slaves, and employ them as free laborers, under obligations resting upon the people of the free states to remove slavery 9599 fundamental truth of human liberty, that man cannot hold property in his Let, then, the slave-holding states consult their present interest by And when the voice of all the non-slave-holding states shall be heard on overthrow of a great national evil like that of slavery can only be slave states, subjecting free colored citizens of New England and the slave-holding portions of our republic shall no longer sit, like the "If any slave shall suffer in his life, limbs, or members, when no white of slavery in some of the states renders the demand for free laborers the citizens of Augusta County, bearing the signatures of many slaveholders, placed the evils of slavery in a strong light before the claims to human beings as slaves, and employ them as free laborers, under voice of God condemns it in the deep places of the human heart. slave, and now I shall die a free man!" 99 It was the custom in the State of Maryland to require the free colored answered somewhat the purpose of free papers--describing his person, and to the sea in ships." "Free trade and sailors'' rights" just then afternoon, I inquired of a colored man how I could get on to New York. journey, I found myself in the big city of New York, a FREE MAN--one more blood," I lived more in that one day than in a year of my slave life. a letter written to a friend soon after reaching New York, I said: "I people of New York were not to be trusted; that there were hired men of In the country from which I came, a white man holding no slaves only a freeman, but a free working-man, and no "master" stood ready at Federal authority States into which no loyal man from the North may 9915 laws of Slave States do call him "a chattel personal;" _Man_ then, I wife or daughter-in-law of the man who bought her, and the _father_ daughters-in-law of the man who buys them, but to be the abject slaves 2. If thou buy a Hebrew servant, six years shall he serve, and in 5. If the servant shall plainly say, I love my master, my wife, and my children; I will not go out free; then his master shall bring him unto From these laws we learn that Hebrew men servants were bound to serve rigor, but shall fear thy God," remarks, "this law Lev. xxv, 43, it 1. "Thou shall _not_ deliver unto his master the servant that is _against a fellow slave_, or free colored man, even in cases affecting Moses _protected servants_ in their _rights as men and women_, guarded the South _robs the slave of all his rights_ as a _man_, reduces him 9941 Fond Mother Forever--Old Uncle Jack--Wilson Buys Uncle Ben from Ben dare not stay very long at a time in his wife''s cabin, as a strict as slaves could be, and spent all the time we could together--uncle Ben, Wilson finally took Ben''s wife to a man in Oxford, about twenty-five professional slave-hunters to catch Ben if he ever came to see his wife, Wilson came for Ben in due time, and after chaining him securely around Wilson told me when he got home that he had sent Ben to hell, and that Slaves on large plantations in the South were worked in gangs, under the I informed Mr. Dansley that my master, Wilson, wanted thirty dollars per month for my One day James Wilson came to Mr. Dansley''s, and said he had come for me A short time after I came in from the woods Wilson determined to hire me