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For information on how to proceed, first see the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful. Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked You can view and copy the source of this page: == Mythology == {{Greek myth (Hades)}} === Reign === Sisyphus was the founder and first king of Ephyra (supposedly the original name of [[Ancient Corinth|Corinth]]). King Sisyphus promoted navigation and commerce but was avaricious and deceitful. He also killed guests to his palace and travellers, a violation of ''[[Xenia (Greek)|xenia]]'', which fell under [[Zeus]]' domain, thus angering the god. He took pleasure in these killings because they allowed him to maintain his iron-fisted rule. === Conflict with Salmoneus === Sisyphus and his brother Salmoneus were known to hate each other, and Sisyphus consulted the [[oracle]] of [[Delphi]] on just how to kill Salmoneus without incurring any severe consequences for himself. From [[Homer]] onward, Sisyphus was famed as the craftiest of men. He seduced Salmoneus' daughter [[Tyro]] in one of his plots to kill Salmoneus, only for Tyro to slay the children she bore him when she discovered that Sisyphus was planning on using them eventually to dethrone her father. === Cheating death === Sisyphus betrayed one of Zeus' secrets by revealing the whereabouts of the [[Asopides|Asopid]] [[Aegina (mythology)|Aegina]] to her father, the river god [[Asopus]], in return for causing a spring to flow on the Corinthian [[acropolis]]. Zeus then ordered [[Thanatos]] to chain Sisyphus in [[Tartarus]]. Sisyphus was curious as to why [[Charon]], whose job it was to guide souls to the underworld, had not appeared on this occasion. Sisyphus slyly asked Thanatos to demonstrate how the chains worked. As Thanatos was granting him his wish, Sisyphus seized the opportunity and trapped Thanatos in the chains instead. Once Thanatos was bound by the strong chains, no one died on Earth. This caused an uproar and [[Ares]], annoyed that his battles had lost their fun because his opponents would not die, intervened. The exasperated Ares freed Thanatos and turned Sisyphus over to him.{{sfn|Morford|Lenardon|1999|p=491}} In another version, [[Hades]] was sent to chain Sisyphus and was chained himself. As long as Hades was tied up, nobody could die. Because of this, sacrifices could not be made to the gods, and those that were old and sick were suffering. The gods finally threatened to make life so miserable for Sisyphus that he would wish he were dead. He then had no choice but to release Hades.{{cite web |url=http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Death.htm |title=Ancient Greeks: Is death necessary and can death actually harm us? |publisher=Mlahanas.de |access-date=2014-02-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702053105/http://mlahanas.de/Greeks/Death.htm |archive-date=2 July 2014}} Before Sisyphus died, he had told his wife to throw his naked body into the middle of the public square (purportedly as a test of his wife's love for him). This caused Sisyphus to end up on the shores of the river [[Styx]]. Then, complaining to [[Persephone]], goddess of the underworld, that this was a sign of his wife's disrespect for him, Sisyphus persuaded her to allow him to return to the upper world. Once back in Ephyra, the spirit of Sisyphus scolded his wife for not burying his body and giving it a proper funeral as a loving wife should. When Sisyphus refused to return to the underworld, he was forcibly dragged back there by [[Hermes]].{{Cite web|url=http://www.mythweb.com/encyc/entries/sisyphus.html|title=Encyclopedia of Greek Mythology: Sisyphus|website=www.mythweb.com|access-date=2019-07-01}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.greekmythology.com/Myths/Mortals/Sisyphus/sisyphus.html|title=Sisyphus|website=www.greekmythology.com}} In another version of the myth, Persephone was tricked by Sisyphus that he had been conducted to [[Tartarus]] by mistake, and so she ordered that he be released.{{sfn|Evslin|2006|p=209-210}} In ''[[Philoctetes (Sophocles play)|Philoctetes]]'' by [[Sophocles]], there is a reference to the father of [[Odysseus]] (rumoured to have been Sisyphus, and not [[Laërtes]], whom we know as the father in the ''[[Odyssey]]'') upon having returned from the dead. [[Euripides]], in ''[[Cyclops (play)|Cyclops]]'', also identifies Sisyphus as Odysseus' father. === Punishment in the underworld === As a punishment for his trickery, Hades made Sisyphus roll a huge boulder endlessly up a steep hill.{{cite web|url=http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-eng2:11.13-11.13 |title=Homeros, Odyssey, 11.13 |publisher=Perseus Digital Library |access-date=2014-10-09}}''[[Odyssey]]'', xi. 593 The maddening nature of the punishment was reserved for Sisyphus due to his [[hubris]]tic belief that his cleverness surpassed that of Zeus himself. Hades accordingly displayed his own cleverness by enchanting the boulder into rolling away from Sisyphus before he reached the top, which ended up consigning Sisyphus to an eternity of useless efforts and unending frustration. Thus it came to pass that pointless or interminable activities are sometimes described as ''Sisyphean''. Sisyphus was a common subject for ancient writers and was depicted by the painter [[Polygnotus]] on the walls of the [[Lesche]] at [[Delphi]].[[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]] x. 31 Return to Sisyphus. Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisyphus" Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Page information Wikidata item Languages Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers Contact Wikipedia Mobile view Developers Statistics Cookie statement