Tityos - Wikipedia Tityos From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Greek mythological giant Tityos Tityos or Tityus (Ancient Greek: Τιτυός) was a giant from Greek mythology. Contents 1 Mythology 2 Popular culture 3 Notes 4 References 5 External links Mythology[edit] Tityos was the son of Elara; his father was Zeus. Zeus hid Elara from his wife, Hera, by placing her deep beneath the earth.[1] Tityos grew so large that he split his mother's womb, and he was carried to term by Gaia, the Earth. Once grown, Tityos attempted to rape Leto at the behest of Hera. He was slain by Leto's protective children Artemis and Apollo.[2] As punishment, he was stretched out in Tartarus and tortured by two vultures who fed on his liver, which grew back every night. This punishment is comparable to that of the Titan Prometheus. Greek underworld Residents Aeacus Angelos Arae Ascalaphus Cerberus Ceuthonymus Charon Erinyes Eurynomos Hades/Pluto Hecate Hypnos Macaria Melinoë Menoetius Minos Moirai Mormolykeia Persephone Rhadamanthus Thanatos Geography Acheron Asphodel Fields Cocytus Elysium Erebus Lethe Phlegethon Styx Tartarus Famous Tartarus inmates Danaïdes Ixion Salmoneus Sisyphus Tantalus Titans Tityus Visitors Aeneas Dionysus Heracles Hermes Odysseus Orpheus Pirithous Psyche Theseus v t e Jane Ellen Harrison noted that, "To the orthodox worshiper of the Olympians he was the vilest of criminals; as such Homer knew him": I saw Tityus too, son of the mighty Goddess Earth—sprawling there on the ground, spread over nine acres—two vultures hunched on either side of him, digging into his liver, beaking deep in the blood-sac, and he with his frantic hands could never beat them off, for he had once dragged off the famous consort of Zeus in all her glory, Leto, threading her way toward Pytho's ridge over the lovely dancing-rings of Panopeus".[3] Michelangelo, Punishment of Tityus, c. 1532 In the early first century, when the geographer Strabo visited Panopeus (ix.3.423), he was reminded by the local people that it was the abode of Tityos and recalled the fact that the Phaeacians had carried Rhadamanthys in their boats to visit Tityos, according to Homer.[4] There on Euboea at the time of Strabo they were still showing a "cave called Elarion from Elara who was mother to Tityos, and a hero-shrine of Tityos, and some kind of honours are mentioned which are paid him."[5] It is clear that the local hero-cult had been superseded by the cult of the Olympian gods, an Olympian father provided, and the hero demonized. A comparable giant chthonic pre-Olympian of a Titan-like order is Orion. The poet Lucretius restyles the figure of Tityos in book III (lines 978-998) of De rerum natura, a demythologized Tityos who is not in the underworld, eternally punished, but here and now, "the prototypical anguished lover", plagued by winged creatures that are not vultures, as E.J. Kenney argues[6] but cupids. Virgil responds to Lucretius with a retrospective simile of Tityos in the Aeneid (6.595ff), which compares his torment of desire with the unrest of Dido, whose flame of love is eating her marrow.[7] The traveler Pausanias (2nd century A.D.) reports seeing a painting by Polygnotus at Delphi that depicts Tityos among other figures being tormented in Hades for sacrilege: "Tityos too is in the picture; he is no longer being punished, but has been reduced to nothing by continuous torture, an indistinct and mutilated phantom."[8] Tityos had a daughter named Europa who coupled with Poseidon and gave birth to Euphemus, one of the Argonauts. Popular culture[edit] Tityos is referenced in Dante Alighieri's Inferno. He is mentioned to be among the biblical and mythological giants that are frozen onto the rings outside of Hell's Circle of Treachery. Dante and Virgil threatened to go to Tityos and Typhon if Antaeus doesn't lower them into the Circle of Treachery. The Tomb of Tityos is a location in Assassin's Creed Odyssey that features a very large broken statue of Tityos being eaten by vultures. Notes[edit] Harrison, Jane Ellen. Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion. (1903), 1922, p. 336f. Smith, William. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London (1873). "Ti'tyus" References[edit] ^ Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica 1.761 citing Pherecydes ^ Scholia on Pindar, Pythian Odes 4.160 citing Pherecydes ^ Odyssey xi.576-81 (Robert Fagles' translation). ^ Odyssey vii.324. ^ Quoted in Harrison (1903) 1922, p 336. ^ Kenney, "Tityos and the lover", Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society (1970:44-47). ^ Colin I. M. Hamilton, "Dido, Tityos and Prometheus", The Classical Quarterly, New Series, 43.1 (1993:249-254), p. 251f. ^ Pausanias, Descriptions of Greece, 10.29.3: γέγραπται δὲ καὶ Τιτυὸς οὐ κολαζόμενος ἔτι, ἀλλὰ ὑπὸ τοῦ συνεχοῦς τῆς τιμωρίας ἐς ἅπαν ἐξανηλωμένος, ἀμυδρὸν καὶ οὐδὲ ὁλόκληρον εἴδωλον. External links[edit] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tityos. Tityos engraved by N. Beatrizet from the De Verda collection Authority control GND: 12971268X VIAF: 77401349 WorldCat Identities: viaf-77401349 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tityos&oldid=980797700" Categories: Characters in Book VI of the Aeneid Condemned souls into Tartarus Greek giants Children of Zeus Characters in Greek mythology Demigods Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Commons category link is on Wikidata Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Languages Azərbaycanca Български Brezhoneg Català Čeština Deutsch Ελληνικά Español Esperanto فارسی Français Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano Latina Lëtzebuergesch Lietuvių Nederlands 日本語 Polski Português Română Русский Simple English Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Türkçe Українська 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 28 September 2020, at 14:33 (UTC). 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