id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentences	flesch	summary	cache	txt
work_ysycdvbkzzab7d6fjod2n6disu	Angela Potochnik	The Limitations of Hierarchical Organization*	2012	22	.pdf	application/pdf	9250	702	52	The concept of levels of organization is prominent in science and central to a variety Investigating causal processes at different scales allows for a notion of quasi levels that entities are composed of (and only of ) lower-level entities, but the prevalent concept of hierarchical organization involves stronger claims as well. Feibleman claims that entities at each successive higher level of organization cannot be predicted, explained, or reduced by lower-level properties, insofar as the organization of components is crucial to the properties' emergence (Kim 1999; Mitchell, forthcoming). more causally complex than their lower-level parts.1 O'Neill et al. Many ecologists look for ecological explanations at lower levels of organization, whether in population dynamics (MacArthur 1968; Wilson levels of organization in science and philosophy of science is a compositional hierarchy. [2007] argues that uniformity of composition fails at higher levels.) Guttman provides a variety of examples demonstrating that objects at some different from the causal significance attributed to classic levels of organization.	./cache/work_ysycdvbkzzab7d6fjod2n6disu.pdf	./txt/work_ysycdvbkzzab7d6fjod2n6disu.txt