id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentences	flesch	summary	cache	txt
work_tcnuo2ymgjhe5kz5cq737ob34u	Federica Russo	Interpreting Causality in the Health Sciences	2007	15	.pdf	application/pdf	7143	481	54	We argue that the health sciences make causal claims on the basis of evidence both of physical mechanisms, and of probabilistic dependencies. the health sciences require a theory of causality that unifies its mechanistic and probabilistic infer causal relations from mixed evidence: on the one hand, mechanisms and theoretical knowledge, and, on the other, statistics and probabilities. that the cause makes a difference to the effect, and mechanisms allow causal relationships to explain the occurrence of an effect. mechanisms explain the dependencies, and in the health sciences causal relationships Assessment of causality depends on the presence of a plausible mechanism and on probabilistic evidence, i.e., on cancer frequency in a population or on Probabilistic evidence did not on its own distinguish this common-causal claim from the claim that smoking causes lung cancer. scientists use two types of evidence for a single causal claim, 'C causes E', not for two	./cache/work_tcnuo2ymgjhe5kz5cq737ob34u.pdf	./txt/work_tcnuo2ymgjhe5kz5cq737ob34u.txt