id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentences	flesch	summary	cache	txt
work_n3usfkgy4jfmzjfxh6almgkzhy	Peter H. Schwartz	Defining Dysfunction: Natural Selection, Design, and Drawing a Line*	2007	22	.pdf	application/pdf	9432	554	61	theorists, Christopher Boorse (1977, 1987, 1997) has confronted the linedrawing problem most directly, in his attempt to use the notion of dysfunction to present a value-free definition of "disease." Jerome Wakefield 2. A normal function of a part or process within members of the reference class is a statistically typical contribution by it to their individual survival and reproduction. of Wakefield's approach to the line-drawing problem involves his "explanatory criterion," which requires that "the condition results from the In his comments that apply directly to the line-drawing problem, Wakefield writes that natural selection favors a "range of responses" in organisms (1999a, 379), and he argues that "a range of selected values can be the Frequency approach implies that as long as there is a normal distribution of functional abilities, the lowest 1–2% must count as dysfunctional. And if Wakefield were to adopt the Frequency approach to defining dysfunction, he would still have to address the problem of common disease.	./cache/work_n3usfkgy4jfmzjfxh6almgkzhy.pdf	./txt/work_n3usfkgy4jfmzjfxh6almgkzhy.txt