id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentences	flesch	summary	cache	txt
work_m6legqsn4fgmffw3thok5hl3w4	M. J. Nathan	Causation by Concentration	2012	28	.pdf	application/pdf	9874	549	52	First, I discuss an example from molecular biology to show that concentrations can play an irreducible causal role. provide a preliminary philosophical analysis of this causal role, suggesting some implications for extant theories of causation. 2. The binding of Cro to the operators causes and maintains active lytic growth. In contrast, the causal influence exerted by repressor concentration is not identical to the net sum of all component interactions between molecules which play a potential 'backup' for proteins that actually bind to the operators, constitutes the crucial causal feature of concentrations that makes them irreducible to actual binding of a particular repressor molecule at an operator is a cause of gene expression, The counterfactual-supporting role of concentration challenges any theory of causation and causal explanation that purports to reduce all causal events to actual interactions between their components.21 In contrast, basic counterfactual accounts such as	./cache/work_m6legqsn4fgmffw3thok5hl3w4.pdf	./txt/work_m6legqsn4fgmffw3thok5hl3w4.txt