id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentences	flesch	summary	cache	txt
work_gxl72uy2ubdlfld6tfpddhap3u	W. Ford Doolittle	Making the Most of Clade Selection	2017	24	.pdf	application/pdf	9954	805	58	(proliferation of contained species) substitutes for clade reproduction in the evolution of complex adaptation, (2) clade-level properties favoring persistence – species richness, species-level traits, (3) such properties can be maintained by selection on clades, and (4) genes, cells, organisms and species (multi-level selection or MLS theory). (increase speciation or suppress extinction) will be selected for at the level of species. Species in a genus or higher-level clade, (and, as we shall see, bacteria in a clone) do not unlike lower-level entities (arguably including species), are clades collectively "interactors" a constituent species: there is no distinct genusor higher clade-level reproductive from selection or drift at the levels of genes, cells, organisms and species, they are not the organisms and mine is on understanding clades above species as entities under selection What selection sees at the species level (specialization) is not what it sees at the clade 	./cache/work_gxl72uy2ubdlfld6tfpddhap3u.pdf	./txt/work_gxl72uy2ubdlfld6tfpddhap3u.txt