Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques P M 40007777 R 9824 Cambridge Core For futher information about this journal please go to the journal website at: cambridge.org/cjn The offi cial Journal of The Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation: Canadian Neurological Society Canadian Neurosurgical Society Canadian Society of Clinical Neurophysiologists Canadian Association of Child Neurology Canadian Society of Neuroradioogy Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques P M 40007777 R 9824 Cambridge Core For futher information about this journal please go to the journal website at: cambridge.org/cjn The official Journal of The Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation: Canadian Neurological Society Canadian Neurosurgical Society Canadian Society of Clinical Neurophysiologists Canadian Association of Child Neurology Canadian Society of Neuroradioogy V O L U M E 47 , N O . 5 T H E C A N A D IA N JO U R N A L O F N E U R O L O G IC A L S C IE N C E S S E P T E M B E R 2020 (435-587) Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques P M 40007777 R 9824 Cambridge Core For futher information about this journal please go to the journal website at: cambridge.org/cjn The official Journal of The Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation: Canadian Neurological Society Canadian Neurosurgical Society Canadian Society of Clinical Neurophysiologists Canadian Association of Child Neurology Canadian Society of Neuroradioogy V O L U M E 47 , N O . 5 T H E C A N A D IA N JO U R N A L O F N E U R O L O G IC A L S C IE N C E S S E P T E M B E R 2020 (435-587) Volume 47 Number 6 November 2020 V O L U M E 4 7 , N O . 6 T H E C A N A D IA N J O U R N A L O F N E U R O L O G IC A L S C IE N C E S N O V E M B E R 2 0 2 0 (7 3 1 -8 7 2 ) Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques P M 40007777 R 9824 Cambridge Core For futher information about this journal please go to the journal website at: cambridge.org/cjn The official Journal of The Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation: Canadian Neurological Society Canadian Neurosurgical Society Canadian Society of Clinical Neurophysiologists Canadian Association of Child Neurology Canadian Society of Neuroradioogy V O L U M E 47 , N O . 5 T H E C A N A D IA N JO U R N A L O F N E U R O L O G IC A L S C IE N C E S S E P T E M B E R 2020 (435-587) https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2020.232 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. Carnegie Mellon University, on 06 Apr 2021 at 00:36:59, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms https://doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2020.232 https://www.cambridge.org/core TMPr NEW AJOVY™ is a trademark of Teva Canada Limited. Teva Support Solutions® is a registered trademark of Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. and is used under licence.TEVA and the design version thereof are registered trademarks of Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. and are used under licence. © 2020 Teva Canada Innovation G.P. – S.E.N.C., Montreal, Quebec H2Z 1S8 AJO20-PMH12E Indicated for the prevention of migraine in adults who have at least 4 migraine days per month.1 Backed by the AJOVY™ Teva Support Solutions® (AJOVY TSS) Patient Support Program! Available from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. ET, Monday to Friday 1-833-302-0121 TSS@ajovycanada.ca Clinical use: AJOVY™ should be initiated by healthcare professionals experienced in the diagnosis and treatment of migraine. Pediatric patients (< 18 years): Safety and efficacy have not been established. Geriatric patients (≥ 65 years): Clinical studies of AJOVY™ did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently than younger subjects. Warnings and precautions: › Hypersensitivity reactions. › Patients with hepatic or renal impairment. › Patients with cardiovascular diseases. › Pregnancy. › Breastfeeding. For more information: Please consult the Product Monograph at https://TevaCanada.com/en-Ajovy for important information relating to adverse reactions, drug interactions, and dosing information that has not been discussed in this piece. The Product Monograph is also available by calling us at 1-855-514-8382. References: 1. AJOVY Product Monograph. Teva Canada Innovation. April 9, 2020. CGRP: calcitonin gene-related peptide *Comparative clinical significance unknown. †Fictional patient. May not represent all patients. Indicated for the prevention of migraine in adults KATHERINE, 31 † The only anti-CGRP with both quarterly (every 3 months) and monthly dosing options indicated in migraine prevention*,1 https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2020.232 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. Carnegie Mellon University, on 06 Apr 2021 at 00:36:59, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms https://doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2020.232 https://www.cambridge.org/core Volume 47 / Number 6 / November 2020 A-1 Editorial 731 Screening for Cognitive Impairment, Being Cognizant of the Liminal Deities and Demons Chetan Vekhande, Bei Jiang, Mahesh Kate 734 Canada, Neurosurgery, and 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA): The Long and Winding Road Joseph F. Megyesi rEViEW artiClEs 736 Embryology of Spinal Dysraphism and its Relationship to Surgical Treatment Matthew E. Eagles, Nalin Gupta 747 A Focused Update on Tardive Dyskinesia Pierre J. Blanchet original artiClEs 756 Methods for Improving Screening for Vascular Cognitive Impairment Using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Khush-Bakht Zaidi, Jill B. Rich, Kelly M. Sunderland, Malcolm A. Binns, Linda Truong, Paula M. McLaughlin, Bradley Pugh, Donna Kwan, Derek Beaton, Brian Levine, Demetrios J. Sahlas, Dariush Dowlatshahi, Ayman Hassan, Jennifer Mandzia, The ONDRI Investigators, Angela K. Troyer, Richard H. Swartz 764 Call 911: Lower Ambulance Utilization Among Young Adults, Especially Women, with Stroke Arunima Kapoor, M. Patrice Lindsay, Amy Y.X. Yu, Cristina Goia, Sheldon Cheskes, P. Richard Verbeek, Richard H. Swartz 770 Delayed Thrombectomy Center Arrival is Associated with Decreased Treatment Probability Meah M. Gao, Jeffrey Z. Wang, Jane Liao, Stephanie D. Reiter, Manav V. Vyas, Elizabeth Linkewich, Richard H. Swartz, Leodante da Costa, Charles D. Kassardjian, Amy Y. X. Yu 775 Determining Corticospinal Tract Injury from Stroke Using Computed Tomography Timothy K. Lam, Daniel K. Cheung, Seth A. Climans, Sandra E. Black, Fuqiang Gao, Gregory M. Szilagyi, George Mochizuki, Joyce L. Chen 785 Readiness for First-In-Human Neuromodulatory Interventions Iris Coates McCall, Nicole Minielly, Allison Bethune, Nir Lipsman, Patrick J. McDonald, Judy Illes 793 The Cost-Effectiveness of 5-ALA in High-Grade Glioma Surgery: A Quality-Based Systematic Review Nebras M. Warsi, Rahel Zewude, Brij Karmur, Neda Pirouzmand, Laureen Hachem, Alireza Mansouri 800 Variants in CHRNB2 and CHRNA4 Identified in Patients with Insular Epilepsy Maxime Cadieux-Dion, Simone Meneghinia, Chiara Villa, Dènahin Hinnoutondji Toffa, Ronny Wickstrom, Alain Bouthillier, Ulrika Sandvik, Bengt Gustavsson, Ismail Mohamed, Patrick Cossette, Romina Combi, Andrea Becchetti, Dang Khoa Nguyen 810 A National Spinal Muscular Atrophy Registry for Real-World Evidence Victoria L. Hodgkinson, Maryam Oskoui, Joshua Lounsberry, Saïd M’Dahoma, Emily Butler, Craig Campbell, Alex MacKenzie, Hugh J. McMillan, Louise Simard, Jiri Vajsar, Bernard Brais, Kristine M. Chapman, Nicolas Chrestian, Meghan Crone, Peter Dobrowolski, Susan Dojeiji, James J. Dowling, Nicolas Dupré, Angela Genge, Hernan Gonorazky, Simona Hasal, Aaron Izenberg, Wendy Johnston, Edward Leung, Hanns Lochmüller, Jean K. Mah, Alier Marerro, Rami Massie, Laura McAdam, Anna McCormick, Michel Melanson, Michelle M. Mezei, Cam-Tu E. Nguyen, Colleen O’Connell, Erin K. O’Ferrall, Gerald Pfeffer, Cecile Phan, Stephanie Plamondon, Chantal Poulin, Xavier Rodrigue, Kerri L. Schellenberg, Kathy Selby, Jordan Sheriko, Christen Shoesmith, Garth Smith, Monique Taillon, Sean Taylor, Jodi Warman Chardon, Scott Worley, Lawrence Korngut 816 Poor Yield of Routine Transthyretin Screening in Patients with Idiopathic Neuropathy Dina Namiranian, Colin Chalk, Rami Massie Volume 47 / Number 5 / September 2020 A-1 COMMENTARIES 589 Practical Guidance for Outpatient Spasticity Management During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: Canadian Spasticity COVID-19 Task Force Rajiv Reebye, Heather Finlayson, Curtis May, Lalith Satkunam, Theodore Wein, Thomas Miller, Chris Boulias, Colleen O’Connell, Anibal Bohorquez, Sean Dukelow, Karen Ethans, Farooq Ismail, Waill Khalil, Omar Khan, Philippe Lagnau, Stephen McNeil, Patricia Mills, Geneviève Sirois, Paul Winston 594 Tackling the Burden of Neurological Diseases in Canada with Virtual Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond Ramana Appireddy, Shirin Jalini, Garima Shukla, Lysa Boissé Lomax ORIGINAL ARTICLES 598 The Virtual Neurologic Exam: Instructional Videos and Guidance for the COVID-19 Era Mariam Al Hussona, Monica Maher, David Chan, Jonathan A. Micieli, Jennifer D. Jain, Houman Khosravani, Aaron Izenberg, Charles D. Kassardjian, Sara B. Mitchell 604 Early Dabigatran Treatment After Transient Ischemic Attack and Minor Ischemic Stroke Does Not Result in Hemorrhagic Transformation Anas Alrohimi, Kelvin Ng, Dar Dowlatshahi, Brian Buck, Grant Stotts, Sibi Thirunavukkarasu, Michel Shamy, Hayrapet Kalashyan, Leka Sivakumar, Ashfaq Shuaib, Mike Sharma, Ken Butcher 612 Endovascular Thrombectomy for Low ASPECTS Large Vessel Occlusion Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Jose Danilo B. Diestro, Adam A. Dmytriw, Gabriel Broocks, Karen Chen, Joshua A. Hirsch, Andre Kemmling, Kevin Phan, Aditya Bharatha 620 Detecting Subtle Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Kim Charest, Alexandra Tremblay, Roxane Langlois, Élaine Roger, Pierre Duquette, Isabelle Rouleau 627 Effect of Sleep Disorder on Delirium in Post-Cardiac Surgery Patients Hongbai Wang, Liang Zhang, Qipeng Luo, Yinan Li, Fuxia Yan 634 Efficacy and Acceptance of a Lombard-response Device for Hypophonia in Parkinson’s Disease Scott Adams, Niraj Kumar, Philippe Rizek, Angeline Hong, Jenny Zhang, Anita Senthinathan, Cynthia Mancinelli, Thea Knowles, Mandar Jog 642 Disparities in Deep Brain Stimulation Use for Parkinson’s Disease in Ontario, Canada James A.G. Crispo, Melody Lam, Britney Le, Lucie Richard, Salimah Z. Shariff, Dominique R. Ansell, Melanie Squarzolo, Connie Marras, Allison W. Willis, Dallas Seitz 656 Diagnostic Yield of MRI for Sensorineural Hearing Loss – An Audit Helen Wong, Yaw Amoako-Tuffour, Khunsa Faiz, Jai Jai Shiva Shankar 661 Influence of Optic Nerve Appearance on Visual Outcome in Pediatric Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Jonathan A. Micieli, Beau B. Bruce, Caroline Vasseneix, Richard J. Blanch, Damian E. Berezovsky, Nancy J. Newman, Valérie Biousse, Jason H. Peragallo 666 Association between Graduate Degrees and Publication Productivity in Academic Neurosurgery Michael B. Keough, Christopher Newell, Alan R. Rheaume, Tejas Sankar 675 A Diverse Specialty: What Students Teach Us About Neurology and “Neurophobia” Fraser G. A. Moore NEUROIMAGING HIGHLIGHTS 681 Multiphase CT Angiography for Evaluation and Diagnosis of Complex Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Sudharsan Srinivasan, Zachary M. Wilseck, Joseph R. Linzey, Neeraj Chaudhary, Ashok Srinivasan, Aditya S. Pandey https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2020.232 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. Carnegie Mellon University, on 06 Apr 2021 at 00:36:59, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms https://doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2020.232 https://www.cambridge.org/core Volume 47 / Number 6 / November 2020 A-2 nEUroiMaging HigHligHts 820 Congenital Herniation of the Gyrus Rectus Resulting in Compressive Optic Neuropathy Kia Gilani, Pejman Jabehdar Maralani, Arun NE Sundaram 822 Supranuclear Horizontal Gaze Palsy Following Anterior Internal Capsule Hemorrhage Nathan Chu, Grayson Beecher, Mohammed Wasif Hussain 824 Superior Oblique Myokymia Presumed Due to Large Posterior Fossa Arteriovenous Malformation Laura Donaldson, Brian van Adel, Amadeo R. Rodriguez 826 Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Reconstruction Unmasks Shunt Disconnection in a Child Jignesh K. Tailor, Ian C. Coulter, Michael C. Dewan, Helen M. Branson, Peter B. Dirks, James T. Rutka 828 Megalencephaly–Capillary Malformation–Polymicrogyria with Cerebral Venous Thrombosis Olivier Fortin, Mohammed Ashour, Caroline Lacroix, Christine A. Sabapathy, Kenneth A. Myers BriEF CoMMUniCations 830 Access to Allied Health Care Services in Canadian Interdisciplinary Complex Nerve Injury Programs Kristine M. Chapman, Chris Doherty, Sean G. Bristol, Russell O’Connor, Michael J. Berger 834 Access to Focal Spasticity Care: A Cross Canada Survey of Physiatrists Kevin E. Liang, Pham Vivian Ngo, Paul Winston 839 Successful Management of Glioblastoma Chemotherapy- Associated Dysgeusia with Gabapentin Karen Turcotte, Charles Jean Touchette, Christian Iorio-Morin, David Fortin 842 Low Seroprevalence of Lyme Disease Among Multiple Sclerosis Patients in New Brunswick Gregg MacLean, Peggy Cook, L. Robbin Lindsay, Todd F. Hatchette, Duncan Webster rEFlECtions 845 Michael W. Nicolle: Canadian Leader in Neurology Ario Mirian lEttErs to tHE Editor 847 The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Stroke Volume Christopher R. Pasarikovski, Leodante da Costa 849 COVID-19 Presenting With Thalamic Hemorrhage Unmasking Moyamoya Angiopathy Ritwik Ghosh, Souvik Dubey, Biman Kanti Ray, Subhankar Chatterjee, Julián Benito-León 852 Guillain-Barré Syndrome with Facial Diplegia Related to SARS-CoV-2 Infection Jason L. Chan, Hamid Ebadi, Justyna R. Sarna 855 Association Between Hypomimia and Mild Cognitive Impairment in De Novo Parkinson’s Disease Patients Carmen Gasca-Salas, Daniele Urso 858 FA2H Mutations in a Young Adult Presenting as an Isolated Cognitive Impairment Syndrome Luis André Leal Ferman, Mathieu Lévesque, Sébastien Lévesque, Christian Bocti 861 Alien Limb Phenomenon as a Heralding Manifestation of Toxic Leukoencephalopathy Pranjal Gupta, Deepa Dash, Rajesh Kumar Singh, Leve Joseph Devarajan Sebastian, Manjari Tripathi Volume 47 / Number 5 / September 2020 A-2 683 Heavy Eye Syndrome Mimicking Abducens Nerve Palsies Caberry W. Yu, Jonathan A. Micieli 685 Vertical One-and-a-Half Syndrome Due to Metastatic Spindle Cell Carcinoma of the Lung Elie Côté, Jonathan A. Micieli 687 Prolonged Hyperperfusion in a Child With ATP1A2 Defect-Related Hemiplegic Migraine Katherine Cobb-Pitstick, Dana D. Cummings, Giulio Zuccoli 689 Marchiafava–Bignami Disease: Two Chronologically Distinct Stages in the Same Patient Miguel Quintas-Neves, José Manuel Amorim, João Paulo Soares-Fernandes 691 A Glioma Presenting as a Posterior Circulation Stroke Fangshi Lu, Amy Fowler, Keith Tam, Carlos R. Camara-Lemarroy BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS 693 COVID-19: Stroke Admissions, Emergency Department Visits, and Prevention Clinic Referrals Maria Bres Bullrich, Sebastian Fridman, Jennifer L. Mandzia, Lauren M. Mai, Alexander Khaw, Juan Camilo Vargas Gonzalez, Rodrigo Bagur, Luciano A. Sposato 697 Ischemic Monomelic Neuropathy: The Case for Reintroducing a Little-Known Term Paul Winston, Dannika Bakker 700 Perception of Healthcare Access and Utility of Telehealth Among Parkinson’s Disease Patients Dakota Peacock, Peter Baumeister, Alex Monaghan, Jodi Siever, Joshua Yoneda, Daryl Wile LETTERS TO THE EDITOR 705 Effects of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep in Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis With Extreme Delta Brush Pattern Dhruv Jain, Marcus C. Ng 709 AMPA-R Limbic Encephalitis Associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Zoya Zaeem, Collin C. Luk, Dustin Anderson, Gregg Blevins, Zaeem A. Siddiqi 711 Crossed Zoster Syndrome: A Rare Clinical Presentation Following Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus Andrea M. Kuczynski, Carla J. Wallace, Ryan Wada, Kenneth L. Tyler, Ronak K. Kapadia 714 Recurrent Abducens Palsy in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Sanskriti Sasikumar, Chantal Roy-Hewitson, Caroline Geenen, Dale Robinson, Felix Tyndel 716 Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgia Secondary to Spontaneous Trigeminal Hemorrhage Mathieu Levesque, Christian Bocti, François Moreau 719 Cluster Headache with Temporomandibular Joint Pain Tommy Lik Hang Chan, David Dongkyung Kim, Werner J. Becker 721 Location, Location: The Clue to Aetiology in Cerebellar Bleeds Stephen A. Ryan, Sandra E. Black, Julia Keith, Richard Aviv, Victor X.D. Yang, Mario Masellis, Julia J. Hopyan 724 Aerococcus Urinae Endocarditis Presenting with Bilateral Cerebellar Infarcts Kaie Rosborough, Bryce A. Durafourt, Winnie Chan, Peggy DeJong, Ramana Appireddy 727 Unexpected Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in a Hemodialysis Patient Bryce A. Durafourt, John P. Rossiter, Moogeh Baharnoori Cover image: Prolonged Hyperperfusion in a Child With ATP1A2 Defect-Related Hemiplegic Migraine. Katherine Cobb-Pitstick, Dana D. Cummings, Giulio Zuccoli See pages 687-688. https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2020.232 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. Carnegie Mellon University, on 06 Apr 2021 at 00:36:59, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms https://doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2020.232 https://www.cambridge.org/core Volume 47 / Number 6 / November 2020 A-3 864 Recurrent MOG-IgG Optic Neuritis Initially Attributed to Sjögren’s Syndrome Jennifer Ling, Jonathan A. Micieli 866 Unruptured Posterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysm Presenting with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Leeor S. Yefet, Mostafa Fatehi, Yahya Aghakhani, Gary Redekop 869 Glioblastoma Spinal Cord Metastasis With Short-Term Clinical Improvement After Radiation Seth A. Climans, Indu S. Voruganti, David G. Munoz, Warren P. Mason addEndUM 872 Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep Behavior Disorder and REM Sleep with Atonia in the Young – ADDENDUM Garima Shukla, Anupama Gupta, Kamalesh Chakravarty, Angela Ann Joseph, Aathira Ravindranath, Manju Mehta, Sheffali Gulati, Madhulika Kabra, Afsar Mohammed, Shivani Poornima Cover image: Embryology of Spinal Dysraphism and its Relationship to Surgical Treatment. Matthew E. Eagles, Nalin Gupta See pages 736-746. Volume 47 / Number 5 / September 2020 A-3 Editor-in-Chief/Rédactueur en chef Robert Chen t o ro n t o, o n Associate Editors/Rédacteurs associés Robert Hammond london, on Philippe Hout m o n t rea l, qc Mahendranath Moharir t oron t o, on Tejas Sankar e dmo n t on, a b Manas Sharma lo n do n, o n Jeanne Teitelbaum mo n t re a l, qc Richard Wennberg toronto, on Past Editors/Anciens rédacteurs en chef G. Bryan Young lo n do n, o n Douglas W. Zochodne ca lg a ry, a b James A. Sharpe to ron t o, o n Robert G. Lee ca lg a ry, ab Robert T. Ross w i n n i p eg, mb (Emeritus Editor, Founding Editor) Editorial Board/Comité éditorial Jorge Burneo, lo n do n, o n Jodie Burton, ca lga ry, a b Colin Chalk, mo n trea l, qc K. Ming Chan, e dmo n to n, a b Alan Goodridge, st. jo h n’s, n l Mark Hamilton, ca lg a ry, ab Michael Hill, ca lga ry, ab Alan C. Jackson, w i n n i p eg, mb Draga Jichici, ha m i lto n, o n Suneil Kalia, to ro n t o, o n Daniel Keene, o t towa, o n Julia Keith, to ro n t o, on Nir Lipsman, to ro n to, o n Stephen Lownie, lo n do n, o n Jian-Qiang Lu, h ami lt o n, o n Patrick McDonald, van co u v e r, bc Joseph Megyesi, lo n do n, o n Tiago Mestre, o t t owa, o n Sarah Morrow, lo n do n, o n Michael Nicolle, lo n don, on Ian Parney, rochester, mn Narayan Prasad, l o n do n, o n Alex Rajput, saskat oo n, sk Kesh Reddy, hami lt on, o n Larry Robinson, toro n to, o n Ramesh Sahpaul, n ort h van cou ver, bc Dipanka Sarma, t o ro n to, o n Madeleine Sharpe, mon t re al, qc Sean Symons, t oro n t o, o n Brian Toyota, va n co u ver, bc Brian Weinshenker, roc h est e r, m n Sam Wiebe, ca lga ry, a b Jefferson Wilson, to ro n t o, o n Eugene Yu, to ro n to, o n Journal Staff/Effectif du Journal Dan Morin ca l ga ry, a b Chief Executive Officer Donna Irvin ca lga ry, a b CNSF Membership Services / Communications Officer The official journal of: / La Revue officielle de: The Canadian Neurological Society La Société Canadienne de Neurologie The Canadian Neurosurgical Society La Société Canadienne de Neurochirurgie The Canadian Society of Clinical Neurophysiologists La Société Canadienne de Neurophysiologie Clinique The Canadian Association of Child Neurology L’ Association Canadienne de Neurologie Pédiatrique The Canadian Society of Neuroradiology La Société Canadienne de Neuroradiologie The permanent secretariat for the five societies and the Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation is at: Le sécretariat des cinq associations et de la Fédération des sciences neurologiques du Canada est situe en permanence à : 143N – 8500 Macleod Trail SE Calgary, Alberta T2H 2N1 Canada CNSF (403) 229-9544 Fax (403) 229-1661 The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences is published bi-monthly. 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This journal is indexed by / Cette revue est indexée par: Adis International, ArticleFirst, BIOBASE, BioLAb, BiolSci, BIOSIS Prev, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CSA, CurAb, CurCont, De Gruyter Saur, E-psyche, EBSCO, Elsevier, EMBASE, FRANCIS, IBZ, Internationale Bibliographie der Rezensionen Geistes-und Sozialwissenschaftlicher Literatur, MEDLINE, MetaPress, National Library of Medicine, OCLC, PE&ON,Personal Alert, PsycFIRST, PsycINFO, PubMed, Reac, RefZh, SCI, SCOPUS, Thomson Reuters, TOCprem, VINITI RAN, Web of Science. ISSN: 0317-1671 EISSN: 2057-0155 COPYRIGHT © 2020 by THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES INC. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, electronic, photocopying, or otherwise, without permission in writing from Cambridge University Press. Policies, request forms and contacts are available at: http://www.cambridge.org/about-us/rights-permissions. 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Carnegie Mellon University, on 06 Apr 2021 at 00:36:59, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms https://doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2020.232 https://www.cambridge.org/core Volume 47 / Number 6 / November 2020Volume 47 / Number 5 / September 2020 A-3 Editor-in-Chief/Rédactueur en chef Robert Chen t o ro n t o, o n Associate Editors/Rédacteurs associés Robert Hammond london, on Philippe Hout m o n t rea l, qc Mahendranath Moharir t oron t o, on Tejas Sankar e dmo n t on, a b Manas Sharma lo n do n, o n Jeanne Teitelbaum mo n t re a l, qc Richard Wennberg toronto, on Past Editors/Anciens rédacteurs en chef G. Bryan Young lo n do n, o n Douglas W. Zochodne ca lg a ry, a b James A. Sharpe to ron t o, o n Robert G. Lee ca lg a ry, ab Robert T. Ross w i n n i p eg, mb (Emeritus Editor, Founding Editor) Editorial Board/Comité éditorial Jorge Burneo, lo n do n, o n Jodie Burton, ca lga ry, a b Colin Chalk, mo n trea l, qc K. Ming Chan, e dmo n to n, a b Alan Goodridge, st. jo h n’s, n l Mark Hamilton, ca lg a ry, ab Michael Hill, ca lga ry, ab Alan C. Jackson, w i n n i p eg, mb Draga Jichici, ha m i lto n, o n Suneil Kalia, to ro n t o, o n Daniel Keene, o t towa, o n Julia Keith, to ro n t o, on Nir Lipsman, to ro n to, o n Stephen Lownie, lo n do n, o n Jian-Qiang Lu, h ami lt o n, o n Patrick McDonald, van co u v e r, bc Joseph Megyesi, lo n do n, o n Tiago Mestre, o t t owa, o n Sarah Morrow, lo n do n, o n Michael Nicolle, lo n don, on Ian Parney, rochester, mn Narayan Prasad, l o n do n, o n Alex Rajput, saskat oo n, sk Kesh Reddy, hami lt on, o n Larry Robinson, toro n to, o n Ramesh Sahpaul, n ort h van cou ver, bc Dipanka Sarma, t o ro n to, o n Madeleine Sharpe, mon t re al, qc Sean Symons, t oro n t o, o n Brian Toyota, va n co u ver, bc Brian Weinshenker, roc h est e r, m n Sam Wiebe, ca lga ry, a b Jefferson Wilson, to ro n t o, o n Eugene Yu, to ro n to, o n Journal Staff/Effectif du Journal Dan Morin ca l ga ry, a b Chief Executive Officer Donna Irvin ca lga ry, a b CNSF Membership Services / Communications Officer The official journal of: / La Revue officielle de: The Canadian Neurological Society La Société Canadienne de Neurologie The Canadian Neurosurgical Society La Société Canadienne de Neurochirurgie The Canadian Society of Clinical Neurophysiologists La Société Canadienne de Neurophysiologie Clinique The Canadian Association of Child Neurology L’ Association Canadienne de Neurologie Pédiatrique The Canadian Society of Neuroradiology La Société Canadienne de Neuroradiologie The permanent secretariat for the five societies and the Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation is at: Le sécretariat des cinq associations et de la Fédération des sciences neurologiques du Canada est situe en permanence à : 143N – 8500 Macleod Trail SE Calgary, Alberta T2H 2N1 Canada CNSF (403) 229-9544 Fax (403) 229-1661 The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences is published bi-monthly. The annual subscription rate for Individuals (electronic) is £149/US$245. The annual subscription rate for Institutions (electronic) is £197/US$327. See for full details including taxes; e-mail: subscriptions_ newyork@cambridge.org. Send address changes to Journals Fulfillment Department, Cambridge University Press, One Liberty Plaza, New York, NY 10006 USA; usmemberservices@cambridge.org. The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences is included in the Cambridge Core service, which can be accessed at cambridge.org/ cjn. For information on other Cambridge titles, visit www.cambridge.org. For advertising rates contact M. J. Mrvica Associates, 2 West Taunton Avenue, Berlin, NJ 08009; Phone: 856-768-9360; Fax: 856-753-0064; Email: mjmrvica@mrvica.com. Le Journal Canadien des Sciences Neuorlogiques est publié tous les deux mois. Le prix d’abonnement annuel pour les individus (électronique) est 149£/245US$. Le prix d’abonnement annuel pour les établissements (électronique) est 197£/327US$. Veuillez consulter pour tous les détails, y compris les taxes; email: subscriptions_newyork@cambridge.org. Envoyer les changements d’adresses aux Journals Fulfillment Department, Cambridge University Press, One Liberty Plaza, New York, NY 10006 USA; usmemberservices@cambridge.org. Le Journal canadien des sciences neurologiques est inclus dans le service Cambridge Journals Online, accessible à cambridge.org/cjn. Pour plus d’informations sur les titres disponible chez Cambridge, veuillez consulter www. cambridge.org. Pour les tarifs de publicité, contacter M. J. Mrvica Associates, 2 West Taunton Avenue, Berlin, NJ 08009; Téléphone: (1)856-768-9360; Email: mjmrvica@mrvica.com. This journal is indexed by / Cette revue est indexée par: Adis International, ArticleFirst, BIOBASE, BioLAb, BiolSci, BIOSIS Prev, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CSA, CurAb, CurCont, De Gruyter Saur, E-psyche, EBSCO, Elsevier, EMBASE, FRANCIS, IBZ, Internationale Bibliographie der Rezensionen Geistes-und Sozialwissenschaftlicher Literatur, MEDLINE, MetaPress, National Library of Medicine, OCLC, PE&ON,Personal Alert, PsycFIRST, PsycINFO, PubMed, Reac, RefZh, SCI, SCOPUS, Thomson Reuters, TOCprem, VINITI RAN, Web of Science. ISSN: 0317-1671 EISSN: 2057-0155 COPYRIGHT © 2020 by THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES INC. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, electronic, photocopying, or otherwise, without permission in writing from Cambridge University Press. Policies, request forms and contacts are available at: http://www.cambridge.org/about-us/rights-permissions. Permission to copy (for users in the U.S.A.) is available from Copyright Clearance Center: http://www.copyright.com, email: info@copyright.com. COPYRIGHT © 2020 du THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES I NC. Tous droits réservés. Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite, sous quelque forme ou par quelque procédé que ce soit, électronique ou autre, y compris la photocopie, sans l’accord écrit de Cambridge University Press. Les politiques, les formulaires de demande et les contacts sont disponibles à: http://www.cambridge.org/about- us/rights-permissions. La permission de copier (pour les utilisateurs aux États- Unis) est disponible auprès Copyright Clearance Center: http://www.copyright. com, email: info@copyright.com. 4 Editor-in-Chief/Rédactueur en chef Robert Chen toronto, on Associate Editors/Rédacteurs associés Robert Hammond london, on Philippe Hout montreal, qc Mahendranath Moharir toronto, on Tejas Sankar edmonton, ab Manas Sharma london, on Jeanne Teitelbaum montreal, qc Richard Wennberg toronto, on Past Editors/Anciens rédacteurs en chef G. Bryan Young london, on Douglas W. Zochodne calgary, ab James A. Sharpe toronto, on Robert G. Lee calgary, ab Robert T. Ross winnipeg, mb (Emeritus Editor, Founding Editor) Editorial Board/Comité éditorial Jorge Burneo, london, on Jodie Burton, calgary, ab Colin Chalk, montreal, qc K. Ming Chan, edmonton, ab Alan Goodridge, st. john’s, nl Mark Hamilton, calgary, ab Michael Hill, calgary, ab Alan C. Jackson, winnipeg, mb Draga Jichici, hamilton, on Suneil Kalia, toronto, on Daniel Keene, ottowa, on Julia Keith, toronto, on Nir Lipsman, toronto, on Stephen Lownie, london, on Jian-Qiang Lu, hamilton, on Patrick McDonald, vancouver, bc Joseph Megyesi, london, on Tiago Mestre, ottowa, on Sarah Morrow, london, on Michael Nicolle, london, on Ian Parney, rochester, mn Narayan Prasad, london, on Alex Rajput, saskatoon, sk Kesh Reddy, hamilton, on Larry Robinson, toronto, on Ramesh Sahpaul, north vancouver, bc Dipanka Sarma, toronto, on Madeleine Sharpe, montreal, qc Sean Symons, toronto, on Brian Toyota, vancouver, bc Brian Weinshenker, rochester, mn Sam Wiebe, calgary, ab Jefferson Wilson, toronto, on Eugene Yu, toronto, on Journal Staff/Effectif du Journal Dan Morin calgary, ab Chief Executive Officer Donna Irvin calgary, ab CNSF Membership Services / Communications Officer The official journal of: / La Revue officielle de: the Canadian neurological society la société Canadienne de neurologie the Canadian neurosurgical society la société Canadienne de neurochirurgie the Canadian society of Clinical neurophysiologists la société Canadienne de neurophysiologie Clinique the Canadian association of Child neurology l’ association Canadienne de neurologie Pédiatrique the Canadian society of neuroradiology la société Canadienne de neuroradiologie The permanent secretariat for the five societies and the Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation is at: Le sécretariat des cinq associations et de la Fédération des sciences neurologiques du Canada est situe en permanence à : 143N – 8500 Macleod Trail SE Calgary, Alberta T2H 2N1 Canada CNSF (403) 229-9544 Fax (403) 229-1661 The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences is published bi-monthly. The annual subscription rate for Individuals (electronic) is £149/US$245. The annual subscription rate for Institutions (electronic) is £197/US$327. See for full details including taxes; e-mail: subscriptions_ newyork@cambridge.org. Send address changes to Journals Fulfillment Department, Cambridge University Press, One Liberty Plaza, New York, NY 10006 USA; usmemberservices@cambridge.org. The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences is included in the Cambridge Core service, which can be accessed at cambridge.org/ cjn. For information on other Cambridge titles, visit www.cambridge.org. For advertising rates contact M. J. Mrvica Associates, 2 West Taunton Avenue, Berlin, NJ 08009; Phone: 856-768-9360; Fax: 856-753-0064; Email: mjmrvica@mrvica.com. Le Journal Canadien des Sciences Neuorlogiques est publié tous les deux mois. Le prix d’abonnement annuel pour les individus (électronique) est 149£/245US$. Le prix d’abonnement annuel pour les établissements (électronique) est 197£/327US$. Veuillez consulter pour tous les détails, y compris les taxes; email: subscriptions_newyork@cambridge.org. Envoyer les changements d’adresses aux Journals Fulfillment Department, Cambridge University Press, One Liberty Plaza, New York, NY 10006 USA; usmemberservices@cambridge.org. Le Journal canadien des sciences neurologiques est inclus dans le service Cambridge Journals Online, accessible à cambridge.org/cjn. Pour plus d’informations sur les titres disponible chez Cambridge, veuillez consulter www. cambridge.org. Pour les tarifs de publicité, contacter M. J. Mrvica Associates, 2 West Taunton Avenue, Berlin, NJ 08009; Téléphone: (1)856-768-9360; Email: mjmrvica@mrvica.com. This journal is indexed by / Cette revue est indexée par: Adis International, ArticleFirst, BIOBASE, BioLAb, BiolSci, BIOSIS Prev, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CSA, CurAb, CurCont, De Gruyter Saur, E-psyche, EBSCO, Elsevier, EMBASE, FRANCIS, IBZ, Internationale Bibliographie der Rezensionen Geistes-und Sozialwissenschaftlicher Literatur, MEDLINE, MetaPress, National Library of Medicine, OCLC, PE&ON,Personal Alert, PsycFIRST, PsycINFO, PubMed, Reac, RefZh, SCI, SCOPUS, Thomson Reuters, TOCprem, VINITI RAN, Web of Science. ISSN: 0317-1671 EISSN: 2057-0155 COPYRIGHT © 2020 by THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES INC. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, electronic, photocopying, or otherwise, without permission in writing from Cambridge University Press. Policies, request forms and contacts are available at: http://www.cambridge.org/about-us/rights-permissions. Permission to copy (for users in the U.S.A.) is available from Copyright Clearance Center: http://www.copyright.com, email: info@copyright.com. COPYRIGHT © 2020 du THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES I NC. Tous droits réservés. Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite, sous quelque forme ou par quelque procédé que ce soit, électronique ou autre, y compris la photocopie, sans l’accord écrit de Cambridge University Press. Les politiques, les formulaires de demande et les contacts sont disponibles à: http://www.cambridge.org/about- us/rights-permissions. La permission de copier (pour les utilisateurs aux États- Unis) est disponible auprès Copyright Clearance Center: http://www.copyright. com, email: info@copyright.com. Volume 47 / Number 5 / September 2020 A-3 Editor-in-Chief/Rédactueur en chef Robert Chen t o ro n t o, o n Associate Editors/Rédacteurs associés Robert Hammond london, on Philippe Hout m o n t rea l, qc Mahendranath Moharir t oron t o, on Tejas Sankar e dmo n t on, a b Manas Sharma lo n do n, o n Jeanne Teitelbaum mo n t re a l, qc Richard Wennberg toronto, on Past Editors/Anciens rédacteurs en chef G. Bryan Young lo n do n, o n Douglas W. Zochodne ca lg a ry, a b James A. Sharpe to ron t o, o n Robert G. Lee ca lg a ry, ab Robert T. Ross w i n n i p eg, mb (Emeritus Editor, Founding Editor) Editorial Board/Comité éditorial Jorge Burneo, lo n do n, o n Jodie Burton, ca lga ry, a b Colin Chalk, mo n trea l, qc K. Ming Chan, e dmo n to n, a b Alan Goodridge, st. jo h n’s, n l Mark Hamilton, ca lg a ry, ab Michael Hill, ca lga ry, ab Alan C. Jackson, w i n n i p eg, mb Draga Jichici, ha m i lto n, o n Suneil Kalia, to ro n t o, o n Daniel Keene, o t towa, o n Julia Keith, to ro n t o, on Nir Lipsman, to ro n to, o n Stephen Lownie, lo n do n, o n Jian-Qiang Lu, h ami lt o n, o n Patrick McDonald, van co u v e r, bc Joseph Megyesi, lo n do n, o n Tiago Mestre, o t t owa, o n Sarah Morrow, lo n do n, o n Michael Nicolle, lo n don, on Ian Parney, rochester, mn Narayan Prasad, l o n do n, o n Alex Rajput, saskat oo n, sk Kesh Reddy, hami lt on, o n Larry Robinson, toro n to, o n Ramesh Sahpaul, n ort h van cou ver, bc Dipanka Sarma, t o ro n to, o n Madeleine Sharpe, mon t re al, qc Sean Symons, t oro n t o, o n Brian Toyota, va n co u ver, bc Brian Weinshenker, roc h est e r, m n Sam Wiebe, ca lga ry, a b Jefferson Wilson, to ro n t o, o n Eugene Yu, to ro n to, o n Journal Staff/Effectif du Journal Dan Morin ca l ga ry, a b Chief Executive Officer Donna Irvin ca lga ry, a b CNSF Membership Services / Communications Officer The official journal of: / La Revue officielle de: The Canadian Neurological Society La Société Canadienne de Neurologie The Canadian Neurosurgical Society La Société Canadienne de Neurochirurgie The Canadian Society of Clinical Neurophysiologists La Société Canadienne de Neurophysiologie Clinique The Canadian Association of Child Neurology L’ Association Canadienne de Neurologie Pédiatrique The Canadian Society of Neuroradiology La Société Canadienne de Neuroradiologie The permanent secretariat for the five societies and the Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation is at: Le sécretariat des cinq associations et de la Fédération des sciences neurologiques du Canada est situe en permanence à : 143N – 8500 Macleod Trail SE Calgary, Alberta T2H 2N1 Canada CNSF (403) 229-9544 Fax (403) 229-1661 The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences is published bi-monthly. The annual subscription rate for Individuals (electronic) is £149/US$245. The annual subscription rate for Institutions (electronic) is £197/US$327. See for full details including taxes; e-mail: subscriptions_ newyork@cambridge.org. Send address changes to Journals Fulfillment Department, Cambridge University Press, One Liberty Plaza, New York, NY 10006 USA; usmemberservices@cambridge.org. The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences is included in the Cambridge Core service, which can be accessed at cambridge.org/ cjn. For information on other Cambridge titles, visit www.cambridge.org. For advertising rates contact M. J. Mrvica Associates, 2 West Taunton Avenue, Berlin, NJ 08009; Phone: 856-768-9360; Fax: 856-753-0064; Email: mjmrvica@mrvica.com. Le Journal Canadien des Sciences Neuorlogiques est publié tous les deux mois. Le prix d’abonnement annuel pour les individus (électronique) est 149£/245US$. Le prix d’abonnement annuel pour les établissements (électronique) est 197£/327US$. Veuillez consulter pour tous les détails, y compris les taxes; email: subscriptions_newyork@cambridge.org. Envoyer les changements d’adresses aux Journals Fulfillment Department, Cambridge University Press, One Liberty Plaza, New York, NY 10006 USA; usmemberservices@cambridge.org. Le Journal canadien des sciences neurologiques est inclus dans le service Cambridge Journals Online, accessible à cambridge.org/cjn. Pour plus d’informations sur les titres disponible chez Cambridge, veuillez consulter www. cambridge.org. Pour les tarifs de publicité, contacter M. J. Mrvica Associates, 2 West Taunton Avenue, Berlin, NJ 08009; Téléphone: (1)856-768-9360; Email: mjmrvica@mrvica.com. This journal is indexed by / Cette revue est indexée par: Adis International, ArticleFirst, BIOBASE, BioLAb, BiolSci, BIOSIS Prev, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CSA, CurAb, CurCont, De Gruyter Saur, E-psyche, EBSCO, Elsevier, EMBASE, FRANCIS, IBZ, Internationale Bibliographie der Rezensionen Geistes-und Sozialwissenschaftlicher Literatur, MEDLINE, MetaPress, National Library of Medicine, OCLC, PE&ON,Personal Alert, PsycFIRST, PsycINFO, PubMed, Reac, RefZh, SCI, SCOPUS, Thomson Reuters, TOCprem, VINITI RAN, Web of Science. ISSN: 0317-1671 EISSN: 2057-0155 COPYRIGHT © 2020 by THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES INC. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, electronic, photocopying, or otherwise, without permission in writing from Cambridge University Press. Policies, request forms and contacts are available at: http://www.cambridge.org/about-us/rights-permissions. Permission to copy (for users in the U.S.A.) is available from Copyright Clearance Center: http://www.copyright.com, email: info@copyright.com. COPYRIGHT © 2020 du THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES I NC. Tous droits réservés. Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite, sous quelque forme ou par quelque procédé que ce soit, électronique ou autre, y compris la photocopie, sans l’accord écrit de Cambridge University Press. Les politiques, les formulaires de demande et les contacts sont disponibles à: http://www.cambridge.org/about- us/rights-permissions. La permission de copier (pour les utilisateurs aux États- Unis) est disponible auprès Copyright Clearance Center: http://www.copyright. com, email: info@copyright.com. https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2020.232 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. Carnegie Mellon University, on 06 Apr 2021 at 00:36:59, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms https://doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2020.232 https://www.cambridge.org/core