2 KShearer Open is not enough! Sustainability, equality, and innovation in scholarly communication Who is COAR? • Over 100 members and partners from 35 countries in 5 continents • Universities, libraries, government agencies, open access organizations, not-for-profit organizations, and platform developers • Diverse perspectives that share a common vision Contac ts Us http:// www.coar-repositories.org Email: office@coar-repositories.org Phone: + 49 551 39 22215 Fax: + 49 551 39 5222 Facebook: COAReV Twitter: @COAR_eV How to participate? • Organizations can join COAR for €500 Euros per year (about $600 US) • Join as a single, consortial, or special member or partner • Download the membership application (https://www.coar-repositories.org/about/join/become-a-member) Major Ac tivities International voice Raising the visibility of repository networks as key infrastructure for open science Cultivating relationships Supporting an international community of practice for repositories and open access Building capacity Advancing skills and competencies for repository and research data management Alignment and interoperability Building a global knowledge commons through harmonization of standards and practices Adopting value-added services Promoting the use of web-friendly technologies and new functionalities for repositories Working for a sustainable, global knowledge commons based on a network of open access digital repositories 3 (1) Sustainability - Research, education and knowledge are critical for sustainable development But our system for sharing and disseminating knowledge must also be sustainable The ridiculous $$$$ for scholarly journals International Journals L Bid deals lock-ins Slide from Stéphanie Gagnon, Université de Montréal Libraries (and thanks to Richard Dumont) Open access via Article Processing Charges? Jisc 2016: Average APC cost was about £1745 (~$2400 US) Published on May 9, 2016 9 (2) Equality Juan Pablo Alperin: http://jalperin.github.io/d3-cartogram/ Example: Chagas Disease Number of publications: 3,011 Years: 2004-2013 Nepalese research outputs - with Major Clusters Image produced by Pitambar Gautam, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan Word maps created using VosViewer, a free software (Leiden University) , Vaby Eck & Waltman (2010) Example: Nepal “Openness is not simply about gaining access to knowledge, but about the right to participate in the knowledge production process, driven by issues that are of local relevance, rather than research agendas set elsewhere or from the top down” Leslie Chan (3) Innovation The application of better solutions that meet new requirements, unarticulated needs, or existing market needs 350 years of the academic journal! 350 years of the journal, despite… Innovation in scholarly communication is stifled because of “perverse incentives” “The pressure to publish in "luxury" journals encourages researchers to cut corners and pursue trendy fields of science instead of doing more important work.” (Randy Schekman, University of California, Berkeley ) The way we assess research contributions is too heavily dependent on publishing in the international journals The case of Chilé • Researchers that publish in a Scielo journal, get 6 points towards promotion and tenure • Researchers that publish in an “international journal” get 10 points towards promotion and tenure The top five most prolific publishers account for more than 50% of all papers published in 2013. YES! > 1 billion EUR Increasing horizontal and vertical integration Increasing publisher integration of the research lifecycle By Jeroen Bosman and Bianca Kramer - 101 Innovations in Scholarly Communication https://101innovations.wordpress.com/workflows/ Example: Elsevier’s services Publishers are increasingly in control of scholarly infrastructure and why we should care Case Study of Elsevier Written by: Alejandro Posada and George Chen, University of Toronto Scarborough Scholarly communications Strengthen and expand the institutional role in managing scholarly output Our solution 31 Lorcan Dempsey (OCLC) 2012. Our environment has now changed. We live in an age of information abundance and transaction costs are reduced on the web. This makes the locally assembled collection less central. At the same time, institutions are generating new forms of data—research data, learning materials, preprints, videos, expertise profiles, etc.—which they wish to share with others. Libraries as an Open Global Platform An idea that is not new, but who’s time has come MIT Future of Libraries Report (2017) But… repository systems are using old technologies developed over 15 years ago that do not support the functionalities we need. And… in their current form, repositories only perpetuate the flawed system Next Generation Repositories Working Group (launched in April 2016) Eloy Rodrigues, chair (COAR, Portugal) Andrea Bollini (4Science, Italy) Alberto Cabezas (LA Referencia, Chile) Donatella Castelli (OpenAIRE/CNR, Italy) Les Carr (Southampton University, UK) Leslie Chan (University of Toronto at Scarborough, Canada) Chuck Humphrey (Portage, Canada) Rick Johnson (SHARE/University of Notre Dame, US) Petr Knoth (Open University, UK) Paolo Manghi (CNR, Italy) Lazarus Matizirofa (NRF, South Africa) Pandelis Perakakis (Open Scholar, Spain) Jochen Schirrwagen (University of Bielefeld, Germany) Daisy Selematsela (NRF, South Africa) Kathleen Shearer (COAR, Canada) Tim Smith (CERN, Switzerland) Herbert Van de Sompel (Los Alamos National Laboratory, US) Paul Walk (EDINA, UK) David Wilcox (Duraspace/Fedora, Canada) Kazu Yamaji (National Institute of Informatics, Japan) http://ngr.coar-repositories.org/ “to position repositories as the foundation for a distributed, globally networked infrastructure for scholarly communication, on top of which layers of value added services will be deployed, thereby transforming the system, making it more research- centric, open to and supportive of innovation, while also collectively managed by the scholarly community.” Vision http://ngr.coar-repositories.org/ • Distribution of control • Inclusiveness and diversity • Public good • Intelligent openness and accessibility • Sustainability • Interoperability • Trust and privacy Guiding principles 1. Common behaviors of repositories (interoperability) 1. Value added services on top of the resources in repositories 2 critical aspects to this vision 38By Petr Knoth, Open University, UK Key functionalities of a global repository-based network • Preserves and provides access to a wide variety of research outputs • Enables better discovery including batch, navigation and notification • Will support research assessment including open peer review and standard usage metrics • Provides the foundation for a transparent social network including annotation, notification feeds, and recommender systems Beyond the journal All valuable research contributions should be available and recognized The NGR network enables Open Science! http://ngr.coar-repositories.org/ 11 Behaviors 1. Exposing Identifiers 2. Declaring Licenses at the Resource Level 3. Discovery Through Navigation 4. Interacting with Resources (Annotation, Commentary, and Review) 5. Resource Transfer 6. Batch Discovery 7. Collecting and Exposing Activities 8. Identification of Users 9. Authentication of Users 10. Exposing Standardized Usage Metrics 11. Preserving Resources Next Generation Repositories Technologies, Standards and Protocols 43 1. Activity Streams 2.0 2. COUNTER 3. Creative Commons Licenses 4. ETag 5. HTTP Signatures 6. IPFS 7. IIIF - International Image Interoperability Framework 8. Linked Data Notifications 9. ORCID and other author IDs 10. OpenID Connect 10. ResourceSync 11. SUSHI 12. SWORD 13. Signposting 14. Sitemaps 15. Social Network Identities 16. Web Annotation Model and Protocol 17. WebID and WebID/TLS 18. WebSub 19. Webmention Next Generation Repositories Technologies, Standards and Protocols • A snapshot of the current status of technology, standards and protocols available to support each behaviour. • Focused on the generic technologies required by all repositories to support the adoption of common behaviours. 44 Implementation Status …3 key strategies 1. Implementing technologies and protocols into repository systems 2. Supporting the development of value added services 3. Ongoing monitoring of new technologies 2. Research is global: we need interoperable hubs to support information exchange across repositories Next generation repository networks or hubs 14 repository networks meeting in Hamburg – May 14 & 15 (3) Monitoring of new technologies, standards and protocols COAR Next Generation Repositories Editorial Group Andrea Bollini Kathleen Shearer Rick Johnson Herbert Van de Sompel Paolo Manghi Paul Walk Petr Knoth Kazu Yamaji Eloy Rodrigues (1) New technologies in repositories Already progress - many platforms are implementing our recommendations • OpenAIRE – Europe • National Institute of Informatics (NII) - Japan • US Next Generation Repositories Implementers Group • CARL Open Repositories Working Group - Canada • Meeting of open source platforms at open source repository platforms at Open Repository 2018