Distant Reader

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created from a curated subset of CORD, a collection of more than 100,000 scholarly journal articles surrounding the topic of COVID-19. This resulted in a set of 11 item(s). The original versions of these items have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This website is a more verbose version of the narrative report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Provenance

This study carrel was originally named love-and-war. It was created on 2020-12-02 at 17:58 by eric. The following query, applied against the local copy of our CORD database, was ( ( * NOT ( pdf_json:nan ) ) OR ( * NOT ( pmc_json:nan ) ) ) AND (title:love OR title:war) .

Size & Scope

Your study carrel is 117,779 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 10,707 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following illustrate the overall size of your study carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, your documents have an average readability score of 53. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following illustrate the overall readability of your study carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of your carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

research, genetic, war, also, verschuer, health, institute, race, fischer, one, time, may, i, care, human, military, medical, even, patients, first, well, troops, work, will, new, however, family, since, two, kwi, department, children, many, gene, must, disease, nachtsheim, pathology, experiments, case, reich, lenz, mengele, diseases, cases, blood, china, among, project, scientific

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are: 1) In the Realm of Opportunity: The Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, Human Heredity and Eugenics during World War II, 1938/42–1945, 2) China’s “Gene War of the Century” and Its Aftermath: The Contest Goes On, and 3) Gulf War Servicemen and Servicewomen: The Long Road Home and the Role of Health Care Professionals to Enhance the Troops'' Health and Healing.

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

genetic pathology, race hygiene, health care, gulf war, world war, blood samples, war ii, mental health, human genetics, specific proteins, persian gulf, national socialist, returning troops, genetic resources, fiscal year, substance abuse, eugen fischer, experimental genetic, proteins project, race policy, kaiser wilhelm, infectious diseases, medical care, military service, fritz lenz, united states, genetic research, tuberculosis research, research office, primary care, german research, general administration, oxygen deprivation, third reich, genetic health, pathology research, complex diseases, von verschuer, mpg archive, war zone, national guard, concentration camp, human genome, genetic biology, family members, research council, middle east, research projects, brain research, research association

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are: 1) In the Realm of Opportunity: The Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, Human Heredity and Eugenics during World War II, 1938/42–1945, 2) Gulf War Servicemen and Servicewomen: The Long Road Home and the Role of Health Care Professionals to Enhance the Troops'' Health and Healing, and 3) Letter: Neurosurgery at war with the COVID-19 pandemic: patient’s management from an African neurosurgical center.

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in your study carrel include:

war, patient, genetic, covid-19, wwii, verschuer, verbeek, u.s., time, technology, tbi, stiegler, sars, research, reich, refugee, race, ptsd, pgw, persian, pakistan, office, nachtsheim, military, mengele, magnussen, lenz, kwi, iraq, institute, injury, hospital, harvard, gulf, grebe, german, gene, fischer, dna, disease, diehl, department, dahlem, conti, chinese, china, care, berlin, auschwitz, anhui

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If your study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be research, and A newly found handbook for developing vaccines during World War II in China: the legacy of global responses to crises is most about that word.

If your study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If your study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

research, verschuer, fischer - In the Realm of Opportunity: The Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, Human Heredity and Eugenics during World War II, 1938/42–1945
war, care, military - Gulf War Servicemen and Servicewomen: The Long Road Home and the Role of Health Care Professionals to Enhance the Troops'' Health and Healing
china, gene, genetic - China’s “Gene War of the Century” and Its Aftermath: The Contest Goes On
sars, covid, patients - Let Him Who Desires Peace Prepare for War: United States Hospitals and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Preparedness
camps, refugees, covid - Refugees besieged: The lurking threat of COVID-19 in Syrian war refugee camps

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

research, war, time, health, institute, care, race, patients, gene, troops, family, children, work, experiments, case, disease, project, cases, diseases, blood, years, studies, genes, resources, rabbits, veterans, injuries, patient, p., question, tuberculosis, genetics, study, people, year, pathology, number, interest, scientists, material, fact, report, projects, camp, symptoms, population, part, women, risk, staff

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

taken, including, made, work, returning, using, provided, given, became, reported, performed, come, remain, continue, know, found, developed, followed, receiving, called, occur, according, holding, require, increases, based, wrote, presenting, caused, seeing, involved, going, begun, establish, appears, brought, associated, treating, shown, suggest, deployed, result, related, published, led, needed, mention, identify, experienced, emerging

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

Verschuer, Fischer, Nachtsheim, China, Mengele, KWI, Lenz, Reich, Magnussen, War, Department, Research, A, Auschwitz, U.S., Gulf, Xu, Institute, Abel, der, PTSD, Dahlem, Race, National, Office, Iraq, Berlin, Genetic, University, Diehl, SS, March, II, Conti, Horneck, Health, Grebe, World, SARS, Afghanistan, VA, Hans, German, Frankfurt, Telschow, October, Medical, Gypsy, Pathology, TBI

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

it, his, he, their, i, they, its, we, our, her, them, she, him, you, my, himself, us, your, me, one, themselves, itself, herself, myself, 's, yours, themelves, ourselves, ours, mine

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

genetic, human, medical, new, military, many, first, scientific, possible, important, mental, clinical, several, able, significant, certain, high, different, available, physical, chinese, large, specific, sexual, german, great, epileptic, civilian, early, various, clear, political, general, primary, foreign, traumatic, surgical, infectious, complex, social, low, late, jewish, common, biological, young, active, respiratory, long, special

also, even, well, however, often, especially, now, still, already, yet, far, just, later, apparently, nevertheless, first, clearly, back, never, finally, nearly, moreover, rather, hardly, completely, quite, certainly, long, ultimately, therefore, longer, almost, always, much, actually, perhaps, highly, usually, soon, presumably, initially, extremely, directly, together, simply, previously, sometimes, probably, less, immediately

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

Thank you for using the Distant Reader.

Study carrel