Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 22 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 43393 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 68 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 God 8 slave 7 slavery 7 british West Indies 7 United States 6 emancipation 5 british Government 4 negro 4 british 4 West Indies 4 West Indian slavery 4 West India 4 Great Britain 3 west indian produce 3 slavery Society 3 Virginia 3 Rev. Mr. 3 New Orleans 3 Jamaica 3 British 3 Africa 2 work equal 2 west indian slavery 2 west indian 2 useful work 2 unmitigated slavery 2 slavery spirit 2 remarkable work 2 man 2 great 2 good men 2 free 2 excellent work 2 e r 2 colored man 2 colonial slavery 2 christian 2 british slavery 2 black man 2 West Indian slave labours 2 West Indian produce 2 West Indian oppression 2 West Indian enormities 2 West Indian colonies 2 West Indian barbarity 2 West Indian Committee 2 West India sugar 2 West India Emancipation 2 West India Colonies 2 West Africa Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 4269 slave 2338 man 2264 slavery 1477 time 1398 year 1222 emancipation 1139 day 1096 people 991 master 959 law 949 negro 924 state 924 country 799 work 773 child 753 right 723 system 685 part 675 estate 670 subject 668 person 657 tion 643 number 640 place 633 planter 629 hand 626 power 625 cause 589 friend 586 freedom 577 thing 575 life 571 land 566 island 562 case 528 colony 527 principle 520 house 510 justice 507 heart 503 fact 502 way 502 interest 498 mean 497 duty 496 labor 464 liberty 461 property 448 object 442 other Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 1160 Mr. 790 || 605 Society 602 States 599 West 588 | 534 God 419 United 396 New 379 India 359 c. 328 St. 319 England 302 Slavery 302 America 301 Jamaica 240 Rev. 240 . 239 Indies 239 Africa 230 Antigua 223 John 216 York 215 Virginia 215 South 213 Government 209 Lord 204 C. 194 State 193 B. 188 H. 187 Colonization 181 Justitia 179 Fiat 172 American 171 Emancipation 167 Ruat 163 Britain 162 Esq 161 AMERICAN 159 Canada 152 Mr 151 House 151 East 151 British 149 S. 149 Carolina 147 Cælum 143 Anti 140 Dr. Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 8717 it 5842 they 5318 we 5134 i 5082 he 3407 them 1917 him 1357 us 1304 me 1287 you 790 she 674 themselves 378 her 365 himself 213 itself 177 ourselves 155 myself 79 thee 44 one 43 herself 25 ex- 24 ye 17 yourself 16 theirs 16 his 14 ours 13 thyself 13 mine 10 o’er 8 'em 7 yours 7 thither 6 be- 6 at- 4 hi- 4 em 4 as- 3 ther 3 him- 2 withal 2 unto 2 thy 2 sin,”-sin 2 right”—he 2 reward;—they 2 pos- 2 poison'd 2 i- 2 him,—and 2 hath Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 35269 be 11150 have 2945 do 1736 make 1669 say 1335 take 1237 give 1135 see 1055 go 884 find 857 know 845 come 737 let 596 leave 589 call 565 work 558 follow 556 become 548 think 539 hold 505 get 490 receive 487 tell 478 hear 473 keep 462 bring 426 put 415 pay 409 feel 406 pass 392 speak 385 bear 382 appear 373 seem 369 believe 361 send 350 prove 348 sell 340 suffer 335 admit 332 live 331 remain 326 continue 324 show 321 consider 318 carry 316 exist 308 look 305 use 296 ask Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 5758 not 2062 more 1905 so 1452 other 1447 great 1425 free 1345 now 1306 well 1303 most 1294 such 1237 very 1199 as 1177 own 1174 only 1024 much 1018 good 1006 then 989 many 849 up 837 same 821 first 820 long 760 out 745 even 694 few 641 little 610 never 589 still 583 also 569 ever 560 far 544 present 543 colored 537 white 495 general 492 human 491 thus 483 british 479 here 478 soon 467 less 462 too 460 high 454 last 453 large 447 there 445 about 442 public 435 yet 403 poor Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 289 good 224 least 221 most 100 high 98 great 73 bad 44 strong 42 low 38 slight 37 large 23 deep 21 Most 19 wise 16 severe 16 early 15 small 14 dark 12 strict 12 gross 12 fair 11 old 11 dear 11 bright 10 young 10 warm 10 mean 10 able 9 poor 9 plain 8 sure 8 noble 8 near 8 late 8 happy 8 full 8 fine 7 safe 7 rude 7 pure 7 free 7 cheap 6 vile 6 ter 6 simple 6 hard 6 foul 6 coarse 5 rich 5 mild 5 lively Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1082 most 44 well 30 least 2 soon 1 worst 1 standest 1 hard 1 fondliest 1 -this 1 -still 1 -most Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13 slavery is not 6 emancipation took place 6 persons are eligible 5 slave is not 5 work are well 4 emancipation has not 4 estates were never 4 planters were not 4 slavery is hereditary 4 slavery is so 4 slaves were not 4 time is fully 4 time is not 3 country is well 3 emancipation is practicable 3 law does not 3 law has not 3 master did not 3 master was not 3 people became con- 3 slavery is wrong 3 slaves are incapable 3 slaves are more 3 slaves are not 3 system has not 2 children were not 2 children were slaves 2 country been unfortunately 2 country does not 2 country has never 2 country is cultiva- 2 country is lit- 2 country were ever 2 day was chiefly 2 day was not 2 days are over 2 emancipation are groundless 2 emancipation has already 2 emancipation has utterly 2 emancipation is not 2 emancipation take advantage 2 estate is much 2 estate was never 2 law has ever 2 law is alto- 2 law is here 2 laws are uncompromising 2 laws do not 2 man are citizens 2 man has power Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 time is not far 2 emancipation has no ground 2 master takes no pains 2 slavery is not emancipation 2 slavery is not inconsistent 2 time is no more 1 child was not worth 1 day was not far 1 day was not less 1 days have not yet 1 emancipation be not now 1 law are not sufficient 1 law knows no more 1 law makes no provision 1 laws are not so 1 man had no business 1 man had no claim 1 master has no power 1 master was not worth 1 masters have no right 1 masters making no inquiry 1 men had no money 1 negro is not bloodthirsty 1 negro sees no hope 1 negroes are not yet 1 negroes be not fit 1 negroes did no t 1 negroes have no disposition 1 negroes have no regular 1 people are not quite 1 people have no fear 1 people was not able 1 people were no better 1 people were not more 1 planters are not such 1 planters are not wary 1 planters have no control 1 planters have no corn 1 planters is not sufficient 1 planters left no means 1 right are not synonims 1 slave does not american 1 slave has no more 1 slave has no motive 1 slave has no personal 1 slave having no rights 1 slave knows no other 1 slavery had no power 1 slavery had not wholly 1 slavery has no limits Sizes of items; "Measures in words, how big is each item?" ---------------------------------------------------------- 199160 nyp.33433075936785 146575 nyp.33433075912919 107407 uiuc.1524221_001 100990 umn.319510023440719 70793 hvd.hn2guj 59684 uc1.32106000602976 47403 nyp.33433075912828 32592 hvd.32044020090494 23269 miun.abj1204.0001.001 23060 nyp.33433075912802 21665 hvd.32044019222702 13885 hvd.32044080378417 11464 mdp.39015028086281 11135 pst.000055472449 10322 hvd.32044019672443 7582 hvd.32044010282382 7307 hvd.32044080378227 5861 njp.32101037454467 5747 hvd.32044050943943 3142 mdp.39015016479068 2220 hvd.32044080377930 yale.39002002553197 Readability of items; "How difficult is each item to read?" ----------------------------------------------------------- 83.0 uc1.32106000602976 81.0 uiuc.1524221_001 76.0 pst.000055472449 74.0 hvd.32044019672443 74.0 nyp.33433075936785 73.0 hvd.32044010282382 73.0 nyp.33433075912919 71.0 njp.32101037454467 71.0 hvd.32044019222702 69.0 hvd.32044080378417 68.0 mdp.39015028086281 68.0 hvd.32044020090494 67.0 hvd.32044050943943 66.0 hvd.32044080377930 65.0 hvd.hn2guj 63.0 nyp.33433075912802 62.0 nyp.33433075912828 61.0 umn.319510023440719 58.0 hvd.32044080378227 58.0 miun.abj1204.0001.001 57.0 mdp.39015016479068 yale.39002002553197 Item summaries; "In a narrative form, how can each item be abstracted?" ----------------------------------------------------------------------- hvd.32044010282382 —who then stood up before the world disenthralled, emancipated—their rights as men recognized, guarantied, secured to them, by the government of the British Empire. abroad—the event we this day celebrate reveals the cheering fact, that there are true hearted, noble minded philanthropists among her people; and that by the power of truth, cause of the slave, God has been witness—to these, (however now despised) will the praise be due, for that deliverance, which is to come to the oppressed, down trodden We rejoice this day in the act of West India Emancipation, not because it gives us a formula, by which the great We rejoice in anticipation of the effect, which the abolition of slavery in the West Indies must produce upon our But it may not be denied, that much was gained to the cause of humanity, when the British Parliament, and the American Congress were brought to denounce the Slave Trade as piracy. hvd.32044019222702 the Society of Friends, and Granville Sharp, an English philanthropist, at London, were at the same time blowing the bugle horn of human liberty and the natural equality of mankind, against the institution of slavery practiced from time immemorial by all nations, ancient and modern. the Society of Friends, and Granville Sharp, an English philanthropist, at London, were at the same time blowing the bugle horn of human liberty and the natural equality of mankind, against the institution of slavery practiced from time immemorial by all nations, ancient and modern. Slavery in the British Colony of Jamaica, tolerated The prosperity of Jamaica, like that of the neighboring colony of French St. Domingo, (the present empire of Hayti,) thus ceded first to France, and afterwards to England, the privilege of introducing, annually, a certain number of negro slaves into her colonies, with hvd.32044019672443 2. They maintain, that the masters are solemnly bound instantly to emancipate their slaves; to afford them the protection of law; and to treat them, not as merchandize, but as men. Let those who say, that one man may innocently enslave another on account of his ignorance, tell us how much knowledge The ignorance of the slaves, so far from excusing the masters for retaining them in servitude, is one of the strongest reasons which can be urged in favor of their emancipation. * "Slaves shall be deemed, sold, taken, reputed and adjudged in law to be chattels personal in the hands of their owners and possessors, and their executors, administrators and assigns, to all intents, constructions and purposes whatsoever.''— American Anti-Slavery Society, said—''I have facts; but I forbear to state themfacts which have fallen under my own observation, startling enough to arouse the of the free States have no concern with slavery Suppose the hvd.32044020090494 It was formed in October 1833, after a series of Lectures on the subject of slavery by Mr GEORGE THOMPSON, whose labours in this country, in the great cause of Negro emancipation, had It was formed in October 1833, after a series of Lectures on the subject of slavery by Mr GEORGE THOMPSON, whose labours in this country, in the great cause of Negro emancipation, had It was formed in October 1833, after a series of Lectures on the subject of slavery by Mr GEORGE THOMPSON, whose labours in this country, in the great cause of Negro emancipation, had GEORGE THOMPSON, in every respect so highly qualified for proceeding to the United States, having been cordially and unanimously invited on the same day (the 7th October 1833), by the Emancipation Societies of Edinburgh and Glasgow to undertake this arduous hvd.32044050943943 nations, to whom, on a scale so magnificent, you are sending devoted, undaunted Missionaries P Why molest their household true God, and one true religion ; and plead the consequent necessity laid upon us, to press the universal adoption of that faith, and principles of the oracles of God, to American Christians, who are population that defend the Slavery of America? population that defend the Slavery of America? population that defend the Slavery of America? population that defend the Slavery of America? Already our Christian influence with America has been tested Already our Christian influence with America has been tested to liberate America''s oppressed millions, by speaking the truth. to liberate America''s oppressed millions, by speaking the truth. America, where shall it survive P With such desertion from its America, where shall it survive P With such desertion from its hvd.32044080377930 cheapness, between free and forced labour, is particularly important; and, on the whole, it is fondly object of a full and final emancipation, to tranquillize the natural fears of the slave-holders, and, achievement, this conversion of slaves into freemen; and therefore the more important for its ultimate success, that in every step of its prosecution there should be an even-handed justice to all slave population of the British colonies be 800,000. proprietors, one day''s free labour to each slave and forced labour, that an ordinary working slave But, secondly, the slave who idled his free population-an experience, on the part of planters, of the superior advantage of free labour, that emancipation as well as he, and all his labours calm which it is fitted to impart to the now restless and ruffled mind of the slave population-not peace and good order of the colony, and to be than one sixth of the negro population at a time, hvd.32044080378227 by the Government of this country—but Slavery is still perpetuated in our West India colonies, and the horrors of the Slave to the friends of emancipation, or of perpetual slavery? right of the slave, and the interest of the planter, are distinct questions ; they belong to separate departments, ''to different provinces of consideration. " But, (it will be objected) it is not an immediate, but a gradual emancipation, which the most enlightened and judicious of West Indian slavery, would produce such a general insurrection of sympathetic and indignant feeling; such abhorrence gradual emancipation, the prince of slave holders, " transformed himself, with astonishing dexterity, into an angel of It is no marvel that slave holders, should cry out against immediate emancipation, as they have done against all propositions gradual emancipation,-let them remember, that the miseries more just and humane,--than gradual emancipation. If the great work of emancipation be not now accomplished, hvd.32044080378417 " Scarcely was this opinion transmitted, and the new slave law promulgated, than a negro came before him with a collar rivetted round The negroes continually increasing, the price of labor would proportionably diminish, and facilitate the opening of new lands; cattle, I reply, it is true that the negroes were still slaves, legally, but practically they were free: they were secured from all arbitrary punishments; their few crimes were tried by their peers; they received to be entirely provided for by him; but whether, in all cases, generally, it is better for a poor man to be the subject of just and equal laws, British slave masters have vastly better means for securing the happiness of the negroes, than by keeping them in slavery? fundamentally, in the Negro slave system, being removed by its abolition; and every mind in the colonies being left free to bring its negro slave party, will have it, that a man labors most profitably for hvd.hn2guj To test the truth of these two assertions, let it be recollected, first, that no evidence existed that any other seminary for blacks was at this time contemplated in Connecticut; and that the free colored people are, as a class, sunk the second place, there are in the constitution, three talismanic words, which through the influence of existing prejudices have blinded the eyes of these good men to the practical operation of the Society on the colored people. " Resolved, that the Society, to effect its purpose, the removal of free people of color (not the slaves) through its seen that they are men indeed ; let the degrading associations which follow them be broken up by the actual improvement of their character as a people, and negro slavery must wither and die." New-Haven Christian Spectator for March, 1833. mdp.39015016479068 hear a plan suggested for preparing the Slave for free applying to the state of Slavery be absolutely repealed; and that, in all cases not hereafter specified, of British subjects, and governed by the same laws and Slave about to be manumitted be registered in the presence of commissioners appointed for that purpose. labour, be required to hire themselves to some Master, for å period of one year, at the ordinary rate of some others, exceptions must occur in processes requiring continued labour : these should be specified by abolition of Slavery, and of all persons who shall become incapable of labour during the five years next the case of the free labourer, the only serious difficulty that embarrasses the question of Colonial Slavery; but who administer the laws by which the wages of labour The last measure to be considered is the appointment of Commissioners, which is the subject of the mdp.39015028086281 the importance of the subject, as may be seen by the following report of the Minister of the Marine and the colonies, presented to Louis Philippe in May last, and which on giving to a slave the thoughts, the habits, and morals of a free man, is to condemn him to remain always The terror of poison is great in this country; by its power the slave governs his master." When, on the contrary, the slaves receive their liberty one by one, and by a concurrence of circumstances which appear accidental, the social change thus One of these colonies, Jamaica, counted for herself alone three hundred and twentytwo thousand slaves, and thirty-five thousand whites; this colony as yet has only 5,000 free inhabitants and 16,000 slaves. slavery should be abolished in all the English colonies; and that the slave should then pass forever from emancipation, but 29,370 slaves, 4,066 free blacks, and miun.abj1204.0001.001 " One of the most able works which have been written in recent times on criminal jurisprudence viewed in its relation to cerebral organization; and to the merits, sound judgment, Slavery, that the negroes, in their present state, are first effects shall lead to disaster,-that the immediate consequence of a return to obedience must inevitably be bitter-it will of course be our duty to But, even if we admit the necessity of enforcing the labour of the negro for a certain term either with the slave or free produce of other countries; and although, even under the recent alteration of the sugar duties, an amount of about a million of the debt which he owed to the State for his freedom." From this it is evident that while the Government at times recognized the inherent claim of the what is understood, however, of the views of the British Government at the present time, it is believed njp.32101037454467 hour of emancipation is advancing in the march of time. * Free colored people if they go out of the State, for any reason Let any man of spirit and feeling, for a moment cast his thoughts over the land of slavery-think of Let any man of spirit and feeling, for a moment cast his thoughts over the land of slavery-think of state of things in our own country, at the present time. British cruisers, the French had no time to attend to St. Domingo, and the colonists were left to govern themselves. And what was the conduct of the emancipated slaves, emancipated from their long and cruel bondage, and admitted by law to all the rights and privileges of the white Britain emancipated the slaves in all her colonies, of which The slaves were to continue to work six persons or property, by eight hundred thousand emancipated slaves. nyp.33433075912802 " One of the most able works which have been written in recent times on criminal jurisprudence viewed in its relation to cerebral organization; and to the merits, sound judgment, Slavery, that the negroes, in their present state, are first effects shall lead to disaster,—that the immediate consequence of a return to obedience must inevitably be bitter—it will of course be our duty to But, even if we admit the necessity of enforcing the labour of the negro for a certain term either with the slave or free produce of other countries; and although, even under the recent alteration of the sugar duties, an amount of about a million of the debt which he owed to the State for his freedom." From this it is evident that while the Government at times recognized the inherent claim of the what is understood, however, of the views of the British Government at the present time, it is believed nyp.33433075912828 Successful result of personal visits for the purpose of diffusing wider information on the nature of slavery. of slave-cultivated sugar for the produce of free labour.The appalling " view of Negro slavery existing in the British Colonies," drawn up and circulated by your Committee, in April, 1823, is is operating like a powerful opiate on our feelings and principles ;—it is neutralizing our sympathy, palsying our exertion, and benumbing our on the nature and effects of West Indian slavery, emancipation of our West-Indian slaves ? We must remind you who are tired of the subject of West Indian slavery, that the emancipation and slave labour, may ultimately effect the destruction of slavery,—but christian charity will oppressive of West Indian slave labours ;—as the moral principle, right feeling, and christian charity, with regard to the great object in question, the African slave-trade nor West Indian slavery nyp.33433075912919 In Antigua and Barbados, manager is the word in general use; in Jamaica it is oversee,—both meaning the practical conductor, or immediate superintendent of an estate. 349—Causes of the diminution of crops, 351—Anticipated consequences of full emancipation, 353—Examination of those anticipations, 354—Views of Colored People, Magistrates, Missionaries, He said, the planters all conceded that emancipation had been a great blessing to the island, and he did not At short intervals were seen the buildings of the different estates thrown together in small groups, consisting of the manager''s mansion and out-houses, negro huts, boiling house, cooling estates, said that he was in England at the time the bill for immediate emancipation passed the legislature. Another planter, by way of replying to our inquiry on this subject, sent for a negro child of five years, who read with great employs much of his time in laboring among the colored people in the town, and among the apprentices on the estates, in the nyp.33433075936785 I have received a letter from Mr. Rees | obscure village in New Hampshire, who wishAlexander, of Arkansas, a gentleman of high led to know where these Free Goods could be obrespectability, in which he says: "I must not tained, and said that a society would be immediforget to tell you that the papers (Genius of ately formed in his village, if they could be free colored persons, who inay arrive within in the human mind, all distinction between virtheir limits, without reference to sex, cause, or TUE and vice: by banishing all correct reascondition; and to be sold as slaves where ihey | oning, and feeling, from the head and heart. It has long been the ardent desire of the ed-display of liberal and virtuous professionsitor to devote a portion of his time to other taunting foreign nations for their despotic regumatters, connected with the great and impor-| lations, while we were, ourselves, far more destant subject of African Emancipation:—but he potic than many of them-indulging in bachanregrets—exceedingly regrets-to find, that no alian carousals, and chanting pæns to "LIBER. pst.000055472449 The emancipation in the West Indies, whether viewed in itself, or in its immediate results, or in the spirit from which On this day a few years ago, Eight Hundred Thousand human beings were set free from slavery; and to comprehend the fare; the terrible thing in slavery is the spirit of a slave, the extinction of the spirit of a man. spirit of a man, and would be less wronged than other men, if slave rising into a man, looking on the white race with a steady But in the most enlightened countries in Europe, the man of African descent is received into the society of the great and good, as an equal and Humanity, justice, Christian sympathy, the love of liberty, found Nearly a million of men, at no great distance from our land, passed from the most degrading bondage into the ranks of freedom, with hardly a welcome, from uc1.32106000602976 In response to our request for a few words introductory to "Uncle Tom''s Life," we have the following from GEORGE STURGE. young master in vain.-Man''s extremity, God''s opportunity 72 leave him to die.—Meet a "Friend."—A poor white man . The laws of slave states proviſie means and opportunities for revenge so ample, that miscreants like line of stages with the horses, and lived near Montgomery Court House; Riley carried on blacksmithing day''s work of a man; and it was not long before I and ask master to let you go down and hear Mr. McKenny preach." I said to my mother: "I do proceeds, or that Master Amos, in fear of my running away, had resolved to turn me into riches LEAVE IIIM TO DIE.-MEET A "FRIEND."—A Poor white MAN. He and his wife lived in Canada for a long time uiuc.1524221_001 mother, but they never stood high in favor with her ; indeed any thing like humanity or kindness to a slave, was faces shall greet him % The master tells him, that abolitionists decoy slaves off into the free states, to catch them we went up to the house of a good friend of the slave at wrath of the slave-holders, because he ran away, Monday morning she went down, in great distress, to the recollections of his family matters, to illustrate the workings of good society among slave-holders, The deacon easy time ; lives as well as a man can and be a slave ; good or bad masters allow their slaves round about Savannah on the plantations. The legal allowance of food for slaves in North Carolina, is in the words of the law, " a quart of corn per day." A slave man came to jail one day, and worked on the doors umn.319510023440719 of slave-cultivated sugar for the produce of free labour.and slave labour, may ultimately effect the destruction of slavery,--but christian charity will disuse of West Indian sugar would be alike injurious to the slave and his master, inasmuch East India sugar is not the production of free labour, but of a system of slavery more severe than these personal visits, especially among the humbler classes, for the purpose of conveying information on the subject of West Indian slavery the African slave-trade nor West Indian slavery race of slaves, under 7 years of age at the time of general emancipation, so freed, and all afterwards born, may, The total number of slaves in our West India colonies has been variously stated from 7 to 800,000-let not it will be most for the interest of West India proprietors to substitute free for slave labour, is more their yale.39002002553197