In Memoriam

lege of Arts and Sciences. Peter-
son's award, the first in the college,
was for her work in the West Vir-
ginia Statewide Consortium for
Faculty and Course Development
in International Studies (FACDIS)
and for her involvement with the
West Virginia public schools.

Joel Rodgers, professor of law, po-
litical science and sociology, Uni-
versity of Wisconsin-Madison has
been awarded a 1995 MacArthur
Foundation Grant.

Kaare Strom, professor, depart-
ment of political science, Univer-
sity of Minnesota, has been
awarded the ISSC Stein Rokkan
Prize in Comparative Social Sci-
ence Research for his study Minor-
ity Government and Majority Rule.

Myron Weiner, professor of politi-
cal science, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, has been selected
as the winner of the University of
London's Edgar Graham Book
Prize for 1994 for The Child and
the State in India. The prize is
awarded every two years for a
work of original scholarship on ag-
ricultural and/or industrial develop-
ment in Asia and/or Africa.

In Memoriam

Evron M. Kirkpatrick

Evron Maurice Kirkpatrick, 83,
affectionately known as "Kirk" to
a generation of political scientists,
died of congestive heart failure at
his home in Bethesda, Maryland,
on April 26, 1995. He is survived
by his wife, professor and former
U.S. Ambassador to the United
Nations Jeane J. Kirkpatrick; three
sons, Douglas J. of Bethesda,
John E. of Miami, Florida, and
Stuart A. of Ann Arbor, Michigan;
two daughters, Mary E. Evans of
Austin, Texas and Anna Kirk-
patrick of Aix-en-Provence,
France; and six grandchildren.

Kirk's obituaries in the Washing-
ton Post, Washington Times, and
New York Times quite properly de-
voted much of their attention to his
teaching career at the University of
Minnesota (1935-1948), Howard
University (1957-1961), and Geor-

getown University (1959-1984); to
his wartime service in the Office of
Strategic Services, his postwar ser-
vice in the Department of State as
Chief of the External Research
Staff (1948-1952) and Chief of the
Psychological Intelligence and Re-
search Staff (1952-1954); to his ser-
vice as a member of President
Kennedy's Commission on Regis-
tration and Voting Participation
(1963-1964); as a member of other
advisory bodies, including Presi-
dent Lyndon Johnson's Task Force
on Career Advancement in the
Federal Service (1966); and as a
charter director of the U.S. Insti-
tute for Peace.

This obituary, however, appears
in PS, a journal which he helped to
found and named. So it seems fit-
ting that we should focus here on
Kirk's long (1954-1981) service as
the second Executive Director of
the American Political Science As-
sociation.

Kirk was nominated by APSA
President Ralph J. Bunche and ap-
proved by the Council in 1954 to
succeed Edward Litchfield. Prior to
Kirk's installation, the fledgling Na-
tional Office had concentrated al-
most entirely on making arrange-
ments for the Association's annual
meetings, and had run up a debt of
$14,000. Kirk's first action on tak-
ing office was to borrow money to
meet the office's payroll. Since
then the Association, following
strategies initiated by Kirk and
built upon by his successors, Tom
Mann and Cathy Rudder, has be-
come one of most prosperous and
respected of the national offices of
learned societies.

Early in his term Kirk concluded
that the Association should own its
own building. In 1968, with consid-
erable help from Kirk's former stu-
dent and APSA treasurer and legal
counsel, Max Kampelman, the As-
sociation purchased its own build-
ing at 1527 New Hampshire Ave-
nue, NW., in Washington, D.C.,
and now owns it free and clear. In
the late 1950s, Kirk and then-APSA
president V.O. Key started the As-
sociation's Trust and Development
Fund. Contributions and invest-
ments made during and since
Kirk's service have built the fund
to its present balance of $1.8 mil-

lion. In 1982, the Association also
established the Evron M. Kirk-
patrick Fund, supported by founda-
tion grants and individuals' contri-
butions, to fund other activities,
including the APSA Archives and
the Pi Sigma Alpha Oral History
Project.

As head of the National Office,
Kirk helped to open the Associa-
tion to African-Americans and
women. He actively encouraged
the Council to establish the Com-
mittee on the Status of Blacks in
the Profession and the Committee
on the Status of Women in the Pro-
fession, and to establish and fund
the APSA Black Fellowships. One
of his proudest moments came in
1980 when, in recognition of his
encouragement of black political
scientists, the Committee on the
Status of Blacks in the Profession
honored Kirk with its Annual
Award. Another came in 1980
when the Association gave him the
Charles E. Merriam award for "sig-
nificant contributions to the art of
government through the application
of social science."

During his 27 years as Executive
Director, Kirk pursued two main
goals: professionalizing the Na-
tional Office so as to maximize its
ability to serve APSA members in
their teaching, research, and public
service; and enhancing the visibility
and reputation of political science.

One of his early initiatives in the
pursuit of the first goal was to con-
vince the program committees for
the Association's annual meetings
to go beyond the ex tempore un-
written statements that had too
long been the center of the panels
and replace them with article-length
papers prepared in advance of the
meeting, duplicated by the paper
givers' institutions, distributed to
the panel discussants, and sold to
any interested buyer. He also en-
couraged publishers to rent space
at the annual meetings to display
and discuss their books with inter-
ested members. Most political sci-
entists today take these arrange-
ments for granted, but in the 1950s
they were major innovations.

Under Kirk's leadership, the As-
sociation obtained several grants
from private foundations to fund
summer seminars bringing political

September 1995 543



People in Political Science

scientists from smaller colleges to-
gether with colleagues from the
large research universities so that
both could refresh their knowledge
of current research findings and
give and receive tips about effec-
tive teaching. Since that initial
foray into educational improve-
ment, the Association, under the
leadership of Sheilah Mann, has
developed an extraordinarily rich
array of education programs,
funded by private foundations and
public agencies, designed to im-
prove the quality of teaching and
learning at all levels from K-12 to
undergraduate, graduate, and con-
tinuing professional education.

Kirk also secured a number of
grants to support other Association
activities. For example, he negoti-
ated a large multiyear grant from
the Ford Foundation to support
one of the Association's most suc-
cessful ventures, the Congressional
Fellowship Program. Years later,
under Cathy Rudder's leadership,
the Association received a large
grant from MCI for a permanent
endowment of the program.

During Kirk's tenure the Associ-
ation also won grants to fund such
activities as the orientation pro-
grams for newly elected members
of Congress, seminars for leaders
of state legislatures, selection of
journalists for excellence in politi-
cal reporting and bringing them to-
gether in summer seminars with
leading political scientists. Other
grants won by the Association un-
der Kirk's leadership funded for-
eign political scientists' travel to
and participation in APSA's annual
meetings.

When Kirk took office, the Na-
tional Science Foundation's pro-
gram of fellowships and grants for
the social and behavioral sciences
did not include political science.
Kirk, with the help of many politi-
cal scientists and members of Con-
gress who had benefited from the
Congressional Fellowship Program,
persuaded NSF to include political
science. Consequently, since 1960,
doctoral candidates in political sci-
ence have received NSF grants for
dissertation research, political sci-
ence faculty members have re-
ceived NSF research grants, and
several multi-institutional grants

have been made, notably for the
establishment and continuing sup-
port of the National Election
Studies.

His experience with NSF
prompted Kirk to have regular con-
sultations with his counterparts in
the national offices of other social
science associations, and after sev-
eral years of informal consultation
the associations joined in establish-
ing the Consortium of Social Sci-
ence Associations (COSSA), which
has since played a major role in
advocating continued federal sup-
port for teaching and research in
the social sciences.

Thus, Kirk had remarkable suc-
cess in his many efforts to improve
the quality, support, and public vis-
ibility and reputation of political
science. No small part of his suc-
cess came from the able and expe-
rienced staff he recruited for the
national office. His style as an ad-
ministrator was to choose good
people, give them full responsibility
for their assignments, refrain from
peering over their shoulders when
they were carrying out those as-
signments, and give them full psy-
chological and logistical support.
Walter Beach, Mark Ferber, Mae
King, Sheilah Mann, Tom Mann,
Nancy Ranney, John Stewart, and
Maurice Woodard, among others,
found working for him profession-
ally enriching and personally re-
warding. They and other staff mem-
bers speak warmly of their loyalty
and affection for him. Indeed, it is
widely said that under Kirk's lead-
ership the APSA national office be-
came a model for its counterparts
in other disciplines, several of have
which adapted Kirk's policies for
the reorganization of their own of-
fices and operations.

One of the sources for Kirk's
great success as Executive Director
was his experience and success as
a teacher. During his service at the
University of Minnesota (1935-
1948), Kirk inspired a number of
talented students not only to study
political science but also to take an
active part in politics. The best-
known of these students was Hu-
bert Humphrey, who often called
on Kirk for counsel and support
throughout his long and distin-
guished career. The list of Kirk's

Minnesota students also includes
such eminent public figures as Or-
ville Freeman, Max Kampelman,
Arthur Naftalin, Richard Scammon,
Elmer Staats, and Eric Sevareid,
and such eminent academics as
Herbert McClosky and Howard
Penniman. Many other political sci-
entists who never took a course
from Kirk nevertheless regard
themselves as his students as well
as his friends—a group that cer-
tainly includes Heinz Eulau, Tom
Mann, Warren Miller, Nelson
Polsby, Jack Peltason, and Austin
Ranney.

So every political scientist should
remember Kirk's great contribu-
tions to our Association and profes-
sion. Those of us who were fortu-
nate to know him personally will
also remember Kirk's rich human
qualities: his love of good food (es-
pecially provencal), good wine (any
burgundy), good football teams (the
Redskins), and good books (any-
thing by Karl Popper and Harold
Lasswell, but especially Popper's
The Open Society and Its Enemies).
We will also remember his unflap-
pable disposition through many dis-
ciplinary disputes and organiza-
tional crises (it helped, someone
once observed, that he was deaf in
one ear). Perhaps most of all, we
will remember how generously he
gave us good counsel, warm friend-
ship, and unfailing support.

In his essay On Self-Reliance,
Ralph Waldo Emerson said, "An
institution is the lengthened shadow
of one man." Of no institution or
man is that more true than of the
American Political Science Associ-
ation and Kirk. Much of what is
good about teaching and research
in political science and satisfying in
the careers of political scientists is
Kirk's legacy to us. We will never
forget him.

Austin Ranney
University of California, Berkeley

James D. Cochrane
James D. Cochrane was born in

1938 in Cherokee, Iowa. He died on
March 23, 1995, in New Orleans,
after a long illness. He received his
B.A. degree at Morningside Col-
lege, in Sioux City, and his M.A.

544 PS: Political Science & Politics