id sid tid token lemma pos 32855 1 1 UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY NNP 32855 1 2 OF of IN 32855 1 3 KANSAS KANSAS NNP 32855 1 4 PUBLICATIONS PUBLICATIONS NNP 32855 1 5 MUSEUM MUSEUM NNP 32855 1 6 OF of IN 32855 1 7 NATURAL natural JJ 32855 1 8 HISTORY HISTORY NNP 32855 1 9 Volume volume NN 32855 1 10 12 12 CD 32855 1 11 , , , 32855 1 12 No no UH 32855 1 13 . . . 32855 2 1 5 5 CD 32855 2 2 , , , 32855 2 3 pp pp NNP 32855 2 4 . . . 32855 3 1 241 241 CD 32855 3 2 - - SYM 32855 3 3 296 296 CD 32855 3 4 , , , 32855 3 5 6 6 CD 32855 3 6 figs fig NNS 32855 3 7 . . . 32855 4 1 March March NNP 32855 4 2 7 7 CD 32855 4 3 , , , 32855 4 4 1962 1962 CD 32855 4 5 Natural natural JJ 32855 4 6 History history NN 32855 4 7 of of IN 32855 4 8 the the DT 32855 4 9 Bell Bell NNP 32855 4 10 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 4 11 , , , 32855 4 12 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 4 13 bellii bellii NN 32855 4 14 Audubon Audubon NNP 32855 4 15 BY by IN 32855 4 16 JON JON NNP 32855 4 17 C. C. NNP 32855 4 18 BARLOW BARLOW NNP 32855 4 19 UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY NNP 32855 4 20 OF of IN 32855 4 21 KANSAS KANSAS NNP 32855 4 22 LAWRENCE LAWRENCE NNP 32855 4 23 1962 1962 CD 32855 4 24 UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY NNP 32855 4 25 OF of IN 32855 4 26 KANSAS KANSAS NNP 32855 4 27 PUBLICATIONS PUBLICATIONS NNP 32855 4 28 , , , 32855 4 29 MUSEUM MUSEUM NNP 32855 4 30 OF of IN 32855 4 31 NATURAL natural JJ 32855 4 32 HISTORY HISTORY NNP 32855 4 33 Editors Editors NNPS 32855 4 34 : : : 32855 4 35 E. E. NNP 32855 4 36 Raymond Raymond NNP 32855 4 37 Hall Hall NNP 32855 4 38 , , , 32855 4 39 Chairman Chairman NNP 32855 4 40 , , , 32855 4 41 Theodore Theodore NNP 32855 4 42 H. H. NNP 32855 4 43 Eaton Eaton NNP 32855 4 44 , , , 32855 4 45 Jr. Jr. NNP 32855 4 46 , , , 32855 4 47 Henry Henry NNP 32855 4 48 S. S. NNP 32855 4 49 Fitch Fitch NNP 32855 4 50 Volume Volume NNP 32855 4 51 12 12 CD 32855 4 52 , , , 32855 4 53 No no UH 32855 4 54 . . . 32855 5 1 5 5 CD 32855 5 2 , , , 32855 5 3 pp pp NNP 32855 5 4 . . . 32855 6 1 241 241 CD 32855 6 2 - - SYM 32855 6 3 296 296 CD 32855 6 4 , , , 32855 6 5 6 6 CD 32855 6 6 figs fig NNS 32855 6 7 . . . 32855 7 1 Published Published NNP 32855 7 2 March March NNP 32855 7 3 7 7 CD 32855 7 4 , , , 32855 7 5 1962 1962 CD 32855 7 6 UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY NNP 32855 7 7 OF of IN 32855 7 8 KANSAS KANSAS NNP 32855 7 9 Lawrence Lawrence NNP 32855 7 10 , , , 32855 7 11 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 7 12 PRINTED print VBD 32855 7 13 BY by IN 32855 7 14 JEAN JEAN NNP 32855 7 15 M. M. NNP 32855 7 16 NEIBARGER NEIBARGER NNP 32855 7 17 , , , 32855 7 18 STATE STATE NNP 32855 7 19 PRINTER PRINTER NNP 32855 7 20 TOPEKA TOPEKA NNP 32855 7 21 , , , 32855 7 22 KANSAS KANSAS NNP 32855 7 23 1962 1962 CD 32855 7 24 29 29 CD 32855 7 25 - - SYM 32855 7 26 1506 1506 CD 32855 7 27 Natural Natural NNP 32855 7 28 History history NN 32855 7 29 of of IN 32855 7 30 the the DT 32855 7 31 Bell Bell NNP 32855 7 32 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 7 33 , , , 32855 7 34 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 7 35 bellii bellii NN 32855 7 36 Audubon Audubon NNP 32855 7 37 BY by IN 32855 7 38 JON JON NNP 32855 7 39 C. C. NNP 32855 7 40 BARLOW BARLOW NNP 32855 7 41 CONTENTS CONTENTS NNP 32855 7 42 PAGE page NN 32855 7 43 CONTENTS content NNS 32855 7 44 243 243 CD 32855 7 45 INTRODUCTION introduction NN 32855 7 46 245 245 CD 32855 7 47 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS acknowledgment NNS 32855 7 48 245 245 CD 32855 7 49 METHODS method NNS 32855 7 50 OF of IN 32855 7 51 STUDY STUDY NNP 32855 7 52 246 246 CD 32855 7 53 STUDY STUDY NNP 32855 7 54 AREA area NN 32855 7 55 247 247 CD 32855 7 56 Considerations Considerations NNPS 32855 7 57 of of IN 32855 7 58 Habitat Habitat NNP 32855 7 59 248 248 CD 32855 7 60 SEASONAL seasonal NN 32855 7 61 MOVEMENT MOVEMENT NNP 32855 7 62 250 250 CD 32855 7 63 Arrival Arrival NNP 32855 7 64 in in IN 32855 7 65 Spring Spring NNP 32855 7 66 250 250 CD 32855 7 67 Fall Fall NNP 32855 7 68 Departure Departure NNP 32855 7 69 251 251 CD 32855 7 70 GENERAL general NN 32855 7 71 BEHAVIOR BEHAVIOR NNP 32855 7 72 252 252 CD 32855 7 73 Flight flight NN 32855 7 74 252 252 CD 32855 7 75 Foraging forage VBG 32855 7 76 and and CC 32855 7 77 Food food NN 32855 7 78 Habits Habits NNPS 32855 7 79 252 252 CD 32855 7 80 Bathing bathe VBG 32855 7 81 253 253 CD 32855 7 82 VOCALIZATIONS vocalizations NN 32855 7 83 254 254 CD 32855 7 84 Singing singing NN 32855 7 85 Postures Postures NNPS 32855 7 86 255 255 CD 32855 7 87 Flight Flight NNP 32855 7 88 Song Song NNP 32855 7 89 255 255 CD 32855 7 90 Daily Daily NNP 32855 7 91 Frequency Frequency NNP 32855 7 92 of of IN 32855 7 93 Song Song NNP 32855 7 94 255 255 CD 32855 7 95 Types Types NNPS 32855 7 96 of of IN 32855 7 97 Vocalizations vocalization NNS 32855 7 98 255 255 CD 32855 7 99 TERRITORIALITY TERRITORIALITY NNP 32855 7 100 258 258 CD 32855 7 101 Establishment Establishment NNP 32855 7 102 of of IN 32855 7 103 Territory Territory NNP 32855 7 104 259 259 CD 32855 7 105 Size Size NNP 32855 7 106 of of IN 32855 7 107 Territories Territories NNP 32855 7 108 259 259 CD 32855 7 109 Permanence permanence NN 32855 7 110 of of IN 32855 7 111 Territories Territories NNP 32855 7 112 260 260 CD 32855 7 113 Maintenance maintenance NN 32855 7 114 of of IN 32855 7 115 Territory territory NN 32855 7 116 260 260 CD 32855 7 117 Aggressive aggressive JJ 32855 7 118 Behavior Behavior NNP 32855 7 119 of of IN 32855 7 120 the the DT 32855 7 121 Female Female NNP 32855 7 122 264 264 CD 32855 7 123 Interspecific Interspecific NNP 32855 7 124 Relationships Relationships NNP 32855 7 125 264 264 CD 32855 7 126 Discussion Discussion NNP 32855 7 127 265 265 CD 32855 7 128 COURTSHIP COURTSHIP NNP 32855 7 129 BEHAVIOR BEHAVIOR NNP 32855 7 130 267 267 CD 32855 7 131 Displays Displays NNPS 32855 7 132 and and CC 32855 7 133 Postures Postures NNPS 32855 7 134 268 268 CD 32855 7 135 Discussion discussion NN 32855 7 136 270 270 CD 32855 7 137 SELECTION selection NN 32855 7 138 OF of IN 32855 7 139 NEST nest NN 32855 7 140 - - HYPH 32855 7 141 SITE SITE NNP 32855 7 142 AND and CC 32855 7 143 NESTBUILDING nestbuilde VBG 32855 7 144 272 272 CD 32855 7 145 Building build VBG 32855 7 146 274 274 CD 32855 7 147 Gathering gathering NN 32855 7 148 of of IN 32855 7 149 Nesting Nesting NNP 32855 7 150 Materials Materials NNP 32855 7 151 276 276 CD 32855 7 152 Length Length NNP 32855 7 153 and and CC 32855 7 154 Hours hour NNS 32855 7 155 of of IN 32855 7 156 Nestbuilding nestbuilde VBG 32855 7 157 277 277 CD 32855 7 158 Abortive Abortive NNP 32855 7 159 Nestbuilding Nestbuilding NNP 32855 7 160 Efforts effort NNS 32855 7 161 277 277 CD 32855 7 162 Renesting reneste VBG 32855 7 163 277 277 CD 32855 7 164 The the DT 32855 7 165 Nest Nest NNP 32855 7 166 277 277 CD 32855 7 167 EGGLAYING EGGLAYING NNS 32855 7 168 AND and CC 32855 7 169 INCUBATION INCUBATION NNP 32855 7 170 278 278 CD 32855 7 171 Egglaying egglaye VBG 32855 7 172 278 278 CD 32855 7 173 Clutch clutch NN 32855 7 174 - - HYPH 32855 7 175 size size NN 32855 7 176 279 279 CD 32855 7 177 Incubation incubation NN 32855 7 178 280 280 CD 32855 7 179 The the DT 32855 7 180 Roles Roles NNPS 32855 7 181 of of IN 32855 7 182 the the DT 32855 7 183 Sexes Sexes NNP 32855 7 184 in in IN 32855 7 185 Incubation Incubation NNP 32855 7 186 280 280 CD 32855 7 187 Relief relief NN 32855 7 188 of of IN 32855 7 189 Partners Partners NNPS 32855 7 190 in in IN 32855 7 191 Incubation Incubation NNP 32855 7 192 283 283 CD 32855 7 193 NESTLING NESTLING NNP 32855 7 194 PERIOD PERIOD NNP 32855 7 195 283 283 CD 32855 7 196 Hatching Hatching NNP 32855 7 197 Sequence Sequence NNP 32855 7 198 283 283 CD 32855 7 199 Development Development NNP 32855 7 200 of of IN 32855 7 201 the the DT 32855 7 202 Nestlings Nestlings NNP 32855 7 203 284 284 CD 32855 7 204 Parental Parental NNP 32855 7 205 Behavior Behavior NNP 32855 7 206 285 285 CD 32855 7 207 Feeding feed VBG 32855 7 208 of of IN 32855 7 209 the the DT 32855 7 210 Nestlings Nestlings NNP 32855 7 211 286 286 CD 32855 7 212 Nest Nest NNP 32855 7 213 Sanitation Sanitation NNP 32855 7 214 287 287 CD 32855 7 215 Fledging fledge VBG 32855 7 216 287 287 CD 32855 7 217 Nest nest NN 32855 7 218 Parasites parasite NNS 32855 7 219 287 287 CD 32855 7 220 FLEDGLING fledgling NN 32855 7 221 LIFE life NN 32855 7 222 288 288 CD 32855 7 223 Second Second NNP 32855 7 224 Broods Broods NNP 32855 7 225 288 288 CD 32855 7 226 REPRODUCTIVE reproductive NN 32855 7 227 SUCCESS SUCCESS NNP 32855 7 228 289 289 CD 32855 7 229 Behavior Behavior NNP 32855 7 230 290 290 CD 32855 7 231 Predation Predation NNP 32855 7 232 291 291 CD 32855 7 233 Cowbird Cowbird NNP 32855 7 234 Parasitism Parasitism NNP 32855 7 235 291 291 CD 32855 7 236 SUMMARY summary NN 32855 7 237 292 292 CD 32855 7 238 LITERATURE LITERATURE NNP 32855 7 239 CITED cite VBD 32855 7 240 294 294 CD 32855 7 241 INTRODUCTION introduction NN 32855 7 242 The the DT 32855 7 243 Bell Bell NNP 32855 7 244 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 7 245 ( ( -LRB- 32855 7 246 _ _ NNP 32855 7 247 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 7 248 bellii bellii RB 32855 7 249 _ _ NNP 32855 7 250 Aud Aud NNP 32855 7 251 . . . 32855 7 252 ) ) -RRB- 32855 8 1 is be VBZ 32855 8 2 a a DT 32855 8 3 summer summer NN 32855 8 4 resident resident NN 32855 8 5 in in IN 32855 8 6 riparian riparian JJ 32855 8 7 and and CC 32855 8 8 second second JJ 32855 8 9 growth growth NN 32855 8 10 situations situation NNS 32855 8 11 in in IN 32855 8 12 the the DT 32855 8 13 central central JJ 32855 8 14 United United NNP 32855 8 15 States States NNP 32855 8 16 south south RB 32855 8 17 of of IN 32855 8 18 North North NNP 32855 8 19 Dakota Dakota NNP 32855 8 20 . . . 32855 9 1 In in IN 32855 9 2 the the DT 32855 9 3 last last JJ 32855 9 4 two two CD 32855 9 5 decades decade NNS 32855 9 6 this this DT 32855 9 7 bird bird NN 32855 9 8 has have VBZ 32855 9 9 become become VBN 32855 9 10 fairly fairly RB 32855 9 11 common common JJ 32855 9 12 in in IN 32855 9 13 western western JJ 32855 9 14 , , , 32855 9 15 and and CC 32855 9 16 to to IN 32855 9 17 a a DT 32855 9 18 lesser less JJR 32855 9 19 extent extent NN 32855 9 20 in in IN 32855 9 21 central central JJ 32855 9 22 , , , 32855 9 23 Indiana Indiana NNP 32855 9 24 and and CC 32855 9 25 is be VBZ 32855 9 26 apparently apparently RB 32855 9 27 shifting shift VBG 32855 9 28 its -PRON- PRP$ 32855 9 29 breeding breeding NN 32855 9 30 range range NN 32855 9 31 eastward eastward RB 32855 9 32 in in IN 32855 9 33 that that DT 32855 9 34 state state NN 32855 9 35 ( ( -LRB- 32855 9 36 Mumford Mumford NNP 32855 9 37 , , , 32855 9 38 1952 1952 CD 32855 9 39 ; ; : 32855 9 40 Nolan Nolan NNP 32855 9 41 , , , 32855 9 42 1960 1960 CD 32855 9 43 ) ) -RRB- 32855 9 44 . . . 32855 10 1 In in IN 32855 10 2 northeastern northeastern JJ 32855 10 3 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 10 4 the the DT 32855 10 5 species species NN 32855 10 6 breeds breed VBZ 32855 10 7 commonly commonly RB 32855 10 8 and and CC 32855 10 9 occurs occur VBZ 32855 10 10 in in IN 32855 10 11 most most JJS 32855 10 12 tracts tract NNS 32855 10 13 of of IN 32855 10 14 suitable suitable JJ 32855 10 15 habitat habitat NN 32855 10 16 . . . 32855 11 1 The the DT 32855 11 2 literature literature NN 32855 11 3 contains contain VBZ 32855 11 4 several several JJ 32855 11 5 reports report NNS 32855 11 6 dealing deal VBG 32855 11 7 exclusively exclusively RB 32855 11 8 with with IN 32855 11 9 the the DT 32855 11 10 Bell Bell NNP 32855 11 11 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 11 12 , , , 32855 11 13 notably notably RB 32855 11 14 those those DT 32855 11 15 of of IN 32855 11 16 Bennett Bennett NNP 32855 11 17 ( ( -LRB- 32855 11 18 1917 1917 CD 32855 11 19 ) ) -RRB- 32855 11 20 , , , 32855 11 21 Nice Nice NNP 32855 11 22 ( ( -LRB- 32855 11 23 1929 1929 CD 32855 11 24 ) ) -RRB- 32855 11 25 , , , 32855 11 26 Du Du NNP 32855 11 27 Bois Bois NNP 32855 11 28 ( ( -LRB- 32855 11 29 1940 1940 CD 32855 11 30 ) ) -RRB- 32855 11 31 , , , 32855 11 32 Pitelka Pitelka NNP 32855 11 33 and and CC 32855 11 34 Koestner Koestner NNP 32855 11 35 ( ( -LRB- 32855 11 36 1942 1942 CD 32855 11 37 ) ) -RRB- 32855 11 38 , , , 32855 11 39 Hensley Hensley NNP 32855 11 40 ( ( -LRB- 32855 11 41 1950 1950 CD 32855 11 42 ) ) -RRB- 32855 11 43 and and CC 32855 11 44 Mumford Mumford NNP 32855 11 45 ( ( -LRB- 32855 11 46 1952 1952 CD 32855 11 47 ) ) -RRB- 32855 11 48 . . . 32855 12 1 Bent bent NN 32855 12 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 12 3 1950 1950 CD 32855 12 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 12 5 has have VBZ 32855 12 6 summarized summarize VBN 32855 12 7 the the DT 32855 12 8 information information NN 32855 12 9 available available JJ 32855 12 10 on on IN 32855 12 11 the the DT 32855 12 12 species species NN 32855 12 13 through through IN 32855 12 14 1943 1943 CD 32855 12 15 . . . 32855 13 1 Nolan Nolan NNP 32855 13 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 13 3 1960 1960 CD 32855 13 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 13 5 recently recently RB 32855 13 6 completed complete VBD 32855 13 7 an an DT 32855 13 8 extensive extensive JJ 32855 13 9 report report NN 32855 13 10 based base VBN 32855 13 11 on on IN 32855 13 12 a a DT 32855 13 13 small small JJ 32855 13 14 , , , 32855 13 15 banded banded JJ 32855 13 16 population population NN 32855 13 17 at at IN 32855 13 18 Bloomington Bloomington NNP 32855 13 19 , , , 32855 13 20 Monroe Monroe NNP 32855 13 21 County County NNP 32855 13 22 , , , 32855 13 23 Indiana Indiana NNP 32855 13 24 . . . 32855 14 1 He -PRON- PRP 32855 14 2 validated validate VBD 32855 14 3 for for IN 32855 14 4 this this DT 32855 14 5 species specie NNS 32855 14 6 many many JJ 32855 14 7 points point NNS 32855 14 8 of of IN 32855 14 9 natural natural JJ 32855 14 10 history history NN 32855 14 11 previously previously RB 32855 14 12 based base VBN 32855 14 13 on on IN 32855 14 14 estimates estimate NNS 32855 14 15 and and CC 32855 14 16 approximations approximation NNS 32855 14 17 , , , 32855 14 18 especially especially RB 32855 14 19 concerning concern VBG 32855 14 20 the the DT 32855 14 21 post post NN 32855 14 22 - - JJ 32855 14 23 fledging fledging JJ 32855 14 24 life life NN 32855 14 25 of of IN 32855 14 26 the the DT 32855 14 27 young young JJ 32855 14 28 and and CC 32855 14 29 the the DT 32855 14 30 movement movement NN 32855 14 31 of of IN 32855 14 32 the the DT 32855 14 33 adults adult NNS 32855 14 34 from from IN 32855 14 35 one one CD 32855 14 36 " " `` 32855 14 37 home home NN 32855 14 38 range range NN 32855 14 39 " " '' 32855 14 40 to to IN 32855 14 41 another another DT 32855 14 42 in in IN 32855 14 43 the the DT 32855 14 44 course course NN 32855 14 45 of of IN 32855 14 46 a a DT 32855 14 47 single single JJ 32855 14 48 season season NN 32855 14 49 . . . 32855 15 1 None none NN 32855 15 2 of of IN 32855 15 3 these these DT 32855 15 4 reports report NNS 32855 15 5 , , , 32855 15 6 however however RB 32855 15 7 , , , 32855 15 8 has have VBZ 32855 15 9 emphasized emphasize VBN 32855 15 10 the the DT 32855 15 11 ritualized ritualized JJ 32855 15 12 behavioral behavioral JJ 32855 15 13 patterns pattern NNS 32855 15 14 associated associate VBN 32855 15 15 with with IN 32855 15 16 the the DT 32855 15 17 maintenance maintenance NN 32855 15 18 of of IN 32855 15 19 territory territory NN 32855 15 20 and and CC 32855 15 21 with with IN 32855 15 22 courtship courtship NN 32855 15 23 . . . 32855 16 1 Among among IN 32855 16 2 the the DT 32855 16 3 North north JJ 32855 16 4 American American NNP 32855 16 5 Vireonidae Vireonidae NNP 32855 16 6 , , , 32855 16 7 the the DT 32855 16 8 behavior behavior NN 32855 16 9 of of IN 32855 16 10 the the DT 32855 16 11 Red red JJ 32855 16 12 - - HYPH 32855 16 13 eyed eyed JJ 32855 16 14 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 16 15 ( ( -LRB- 32855 16 16 _ _ NNP 32855 16 17 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 16 18 olivaceus olivaceus JJ 32855 16 19 _ _ NNP 32855 16 20 ) ) -RRB- 32855 16 21 is be VBZ 32855 16 22 best well RBS 32855 16 23 documented document VBN 32855 16 24 ( ( -LRB- 32855 16 25 Sutton Sutton NNP 32855 16 26 , , , 32855 16 27 1949 1949 CD 32855 16 28 ; ; : 32855 16 29 Lawrence Lawrence NNP 32855 16 30 , , , 32855 16 31 1953 1953 CD 32855 16 32 ; ; : 32855 16 33 Southern Southern NNP 32855 16 34 , , , 32855 16 35 1958 1958 CD 32855 16 36 ) ) -RRB- 32855 16 37 . . . 32855 17 1 With with IN 32855 17 2 this this DT 32855 17 3 species specie NNS 32855 17 4 authors author NNS 32855 17 5 have have VBP 32855 17 6 concentrated concentrate VBN 32855 17 7 on on IN 32855 17 8 the the DT 32855 17 9 mechanics mechanic NNS 32855 17 10 of of IN 32855 17 11 the the DT 32855 17 12 breeding breeding NN 32855 17 13 season season NN 32855 17 14 and and CC 32855 17 15 their -PRON- PRP$ 32855 17 16 reports report NNS 32855 17 17 contain contain VBP 32855 17 18 little little JJ 32855 17 19 discussion discussion NN 32855 17 20 of of IN 32855 17 21 the the DT 32855 17 22 aggressive aggressive JJ 32855 17 23 and and CC 32855 17 24 epigamic epigamic JJ 32855 17 25 behavior behavior NN 32855 17 26 of of IN 32855 17 27 the the DT 32855 17 28 bird bird NN 32855 17 29 . . . 32855 18 1 The the DT 32855 18 2 amount amount NN 32855 18 3 of of IN 32855 18 4 information information NN 32855 18 5 on on IN 32855 18 6 the the DT 32855 18 7 ritualized ritualized JJ 32855 18 8 behavior behavior NN 32855 18 9 of of IN 32855 18 10 the the DT 32855 18 11 Bell Bell NNP 32855 18 12 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 18 13 and and CC 32855 18 14 related related JJ 32855 18 15 species specie NNS 32855 18 16 heretofore heretofore RB 32855 18 17 has have VBZ 32855 18 18 been be VBN 32855 18 19 meager meager JJ 32855 18 20 . . . 32855 19 1 I -PRON- PRP 32855 19 2 observed observe VBD 32855 19 3 breeding breed VBG 32855 19 4 behavior behavior NN 32855 19 5 from from IN 32855 19 6 its -PRON- PRP$ 32855 19 7 inception inception NN 32855 19 8 in in IN 32855 19 9 early early JJ 32855 19 10 May May NNP 32855 19 11 through through IN 32855 19 12 the the DT 32855 19 13 summer summer NN 32855 19 14 of of IN 32855 19 15 1960 1960 CD 32855 19 16 . . . 32855 20 1 It -PRON- PRP 32855 20 2 is be VBZ 32855 20 3 hoped hope VBN 32855 20 4 the the DT 32855 20 5 resulting result VBG 32855 20 6 information information NN 32855 20 7 will will MD 32855 20 8 serve serve VB 32855 20 9 as as IN 32855 20 10 a a DT 32855 20 11 basis basis NN 32855 20 12 of of IN 32855 20 13 comparison comparison NN 32855 20 14 in in IN 32855 20 15 future future JJ 32855 20 16 studies study NNS 32855 20 17 of of IN 32855 20 18 behavior behavior NN 32855 20 19 of of IN 32855 20 20 vireos vireo NNS 32855 20 21 ; ; , 32855 20 22 such such JJ 32855 20 23 ethological ethological JJ 32855 20 24 data datum NNS 32855 20 25 are be VBP 32855 20 26 becoming become VBG 32855 20 27 increasingly increasingly RB 32855 20 28 important important JJ 32855 20 29 , , , 32855 20 30 especially especially RB 32855 20 31 as as IN 32855 20 32 an an DT 32855 20 33 aid aid NN 32855 20 34 in in IN 32855 20 35 systematics systematic NNS 32855 20 36 . . . 32855 21 1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS acknowledgment NNS 32855 21 2 To to IN 32855 21 3 professors professor NNS 32855 21 4 Frank Frank NNP 32855 21 5 B. B. NNP 32855 22 1 Cross Cross NNP 32855 22 2 , , , 32855 22 3 Henry Henry NNP 32855 22 4 S. S. NNP 32855 22 5 Fitch Fitch NNP 32855 22 6 , , , 32855 22 7 and and CC 32855 22 8 Richard Richard NNP 32855 22 9 F. F. NNP 32855 22 10 Johnston Johnston NNP 32855 22 11 of of IN 32855 22 12 the the DT 32855 22 13 Department Department NNP 32855 22 14 of of IN 32855 22 15 Zoology Zoology NNP 32855 22 16 of of IN 32855 22 17 the the DT 32855 22 18 University University NNP 32855 22 19 of of IN 32855 22 20 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 22 21 I -PRON- PRP 32855 22 22 am be VBP 32855 22 23 grateful grateful JJ 32855 22 24 for for IN 32855 22 25 comments comment NNS 32855 22 26 and and CC 32855 22 27 suggestions suggestion NNS 32855 22 28 in in IN 32855 22 29 various various JJ 32855 22 30 phases phase NNS 32855 22 31 of of IN 32855 22 32 the the DT 32855 22 33 study study NN 32855 22 34 and and CC 32855 22 35 the the DT 32855 22 36 preparation preparation NN 32855 22 37 of of IN 32855 22 38 the the DT 32855 22 39 manuscript manuscript NN 32855 22 40 . . . 32855 23 1 Professor Professor NNP 32855 23 2 Johnston Johnston NNP 32855 23 3 also also RB 32855 23 4 made make VBD 32855 23 5 available available JJ 32855 23 6 data datum NNS 32855 23 7 on on IN 32855 23 8 the the DT 32855 23 9 breeding breeding NN 32855 23 10 of of IN 32855 23 11 the the DT 32855 23 12 Bell Bell NNP 32855 23 13 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 23 14 from from IN 32855 23 15 the the DT 32855 23 16 files file NNS 32855 23 17 of of IN 32855 23 18 the the DT 32855 23 19 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 23 20 Ornithological Ornithological NNP 32855 23 21 Society Society NNP 32855 23 22 . . . 32855 24 1 I -PRON- PRP 32855 24 2 am be VBP 32855 24 3 indebted indebted JJ 32855 24 4 to to IN 32855 24 5 my -PRON- PRP$ 32855 24 6 wife wife NN 32855 24 7 , , , 32855 24 8 Judith Judith NNP 32855 24 9 Barlow Barlow NNP 32855 24 10 , , , 32855 24 11 for for IN 32855 24 12 many many JJ 32855 24 13 hours hour NNS 32855 24 14 of of IN 32855 24 15 typing typing NN 32855 24 16 and and CC 32855 24 17 copy copy NN 32855 24 18 reading reading NN 32855 24 19 . . . 32855 25 1 Mrs. Mrs. NNP 32855 25 2 Lorna Lorna NNP 32855 25 3 Cordonnier Cordonnier NNP 32855 25 4 prepared prepare VBD 32855 25 5 the the DT 32855 25 6 map map NN 32855 25 7 , , , 32855 25 8 Thomas Thomas NNP 32855 25 9 H. H. NNP 32855 25 10 Swearingen Swearingen NNP 32855 25 11 drew draw VBD 32855 25 12 the the DT 32855 25 13 histograms histogram NNS 32855 25 14 , , , 32855 25 15 and and CC 32855 25 16 Professor Professor NNP 32855 25 17 A. A. NNP 32855 26 1 B. B. NNP 32855 26 2 Leonard Leonard NNP 32855 26 3 photographed photograph VBD 32855 26 4 and and CC 32855 26 5 developed develop VBD 32855 26 6 the the DT 32855 26 7 histograms histogram NNS 32855 26 8 . . . 32855 27 1 Dr. Dr. NNP 32855 27 2 Robert Robert NNP 32855 27 3 M. M. NNP 32855 27 4 Mengel Mengel NNP 32855 27 5 contributed contribute VBD 32855 27 6 the the DT 32855 27 7 sketch sketch NN 32855 27 8 of of IN 32855 27 9 the the DT 32855 27 10 Bell Bell NNP 32855 27 11 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 27 12 and and CC 32855 27 13 George George NNP 32855 27 14 P. P. NNP 32855 27 15 Young Young NNP 32855 27 16 prepared prepare VBD 32855 27 17 the the DT 32855 27 18 dummy dummy NN 32855 27 19 Bell Bell NNP 32855 27 20 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 27 21 used use VBN 32855 27 22 in in IN 32855 27 23 the the DT 32855 27 24 field field NN 32855 27 25 work work NN 32855 27 26 . . . 32855 28 1 Thomas Thomas NNP 32855 28 2 R. R. NNP 32855 28 3 Barlow Barlow NNP 32855 28 4 , , , 32855 28 5 Donald Donald NNP 32855 28 6 A. A. NNP 32855 28 7 Distler Distler NNP 32855 28 8 , , , 32855 28 9 Abbot Abbot NNP 32855 28 10 S. S. NNP 32855 28 11 Gaunt Gaunt NNP 32855 28 12 , , , 32855 28 13 John John NNP 32855 28 14 L. L. NNP 32855 28 15 Lenz Lenz NNP 32855 28 16 , , , 32855 28 17 Gary Gary NNP 32855 28 18 L. L. NNP 32855 28 19 Packard Packard NNP 32855 28 20 , , , 32855 28 21 A. a. NN 32855 28 22 Wayne Wayne NNP 32855 28 23 Wiens Wiens NNP 32855 28 24 , , , 32855 28 25 and and CC 32855 28 26 John John NNP 32855 28 27 Wellman Wellman NNP 32855 28 28 assisted assist VBD 32855 28 29 in in IN 32855 28 30 various various JJ 32855 28 31 phases phase NNS 32855 28 32 of of IN 32855 28 33 the the DT 32855 28 34 field field NN 32855 28 35 work work NN 32855 28 36 . . . 32855 29 1 METHODS methods JJ 32855 29 2 OF of IN 32855 29 3 STUDY STUDY NNP 32855 29 4 Daily Daily NNP 32855 29 5 observations observation NNS 32855 29 6 were be VBD 32855 29 7 made make VBN 32855 29 8 from from IN 32855 29 9 May May NNP 32855 29 10 11 11 CD 32855 29 11 to to IN 32855 29 12 June June NNP 32855 29 13 26 26 CD 32855 29 14 in in IN 32855 29 15 1959 1959 CD 32855 29 16 and and CC 32855 29 17 from from IN 32855 29 18 April April NNP 32855 29 19 15 15 CD 32855 29 20 through through IN 32855 29 21 July July NNP 32855 29 22 15 15 CD 32855 29 23 in in IN 32855 29 24 1960 1960 CD 32855 29 25 . . . 32855 30 1 Six six CD 32855 30 2 additional additional JJ 32855 30 3 visits visit NNS 32855 30 4 were be VBD 32855 30 5 made make VBN 32855 30 6 to to IN 32855 30 7 the the DT 32855 30 8 study study NN 32855 30 9 area area NN 32855 30 10 in in IN 32855 30 11 September September NNP 32855 30 12 of of IN 32855 30 13 1959 1959 CD 32855 30 14 , , , 32855 30 15 and and CC 32855 30 16 ten ten CD 32855 30 17 others other NNS 32855 30 18 in in IN 32855 30 19 July July NNP 32855 30 20 and and CC 32855 30 21 August August NNP 32855 30 22 , , , 32855 30 23 1960 1960 CD 32855 30 24 . . . 32855 31 1 Periods period NNS 32855 31 2 of of IN 32855 31 3 from from IN 32855 31 4 one one CD 32855 31 5 hour hour NN 32855 31 6 to to IN 32855 31 7 eleven eleven CD 32855 31 8 hours hour NNS 32855 31 9 were be VBD 32855 31 10 spent spend VBN 32855 31 11 in in IN 32855 31 12 the the DT 32855 31 13 field field NN 32855 31 14 each each DT 32855 31 15 day day NN 32855 31 16 , , , 32855 31 17 and and CC 32855 31 18 a a DT 32855 31 19 total total NN 32855 31 20 of of IN 32855 31 21 about about RB 32855 31 22 five five CD 32855 31 23 hundred hundred CD 32855 31 24 hours hour NNS 32855 31 25 were be VBD 32855 31 26 logged log VBN 32855 31 27 in in IN 32855 31 28 the the DT 32855 31 29 field field NN 32855 31 30 . . . 32855 32 1 Each each DT 32855 32 2 territory territory NN 32855 32 3 was be VBD 32855 32 4 visited visit VBN 32855 32 5 for for IN 32855 32 6 at at RB 32855 32 7 least least RBS 32855 32 8 five five CD 32855 32 9 minutes minute NNS 32855 32 10 each each DT 32855 32 11 day day NN 32855 32 12 but but CC 32855 32 13 more more RBR 32855 32 14 often often RB 32855 32 15 for for IN 32855 32 16 twenty twenty CD 32855 32 17 minutes minute NNS 32855 32 18 . . . 32855 33 1 The the DT 32855 33 2 breeding breeding NN 32855 33 3 activities activity NNS 32855 33 4 of of IN 32855 33 5 the the DT 32855 33 6 pairs pair NNS 32855 33 7 were be VBD 32855 33 8 rarely rarely RB 32855 33 9 synchronous synchronous JJ 32855 33 10 . . . 32855 34 1 Consequently consequently RB 32855 34 2 several several JJ 32855 34 3 stages stage NNS 32855 34 4 in in IN 32855 34 5 the the DT 32855 34 6 cycle cycle NN 32855 34 7 of of IN 32855 34 8 building building NN 32855 34 9 were be VBD 32855 34 10 simultaneously simultaneously RB 32855 34 11 available available JJ 32855 34 12 for for IN 32855 34 13 study study NN 32855 34 14 . . . 32855 35 1 Nine nine CD 32855 35 2 young young JJ 32855 35 3 and and CC 32855 35 4 one one CD 32855 35 5 adult adult NN 32855 35 6 were be VBD 32855 35 7 banded band VBN 32855 35 8 in in IN 32855 35 9 1959 1959 CD 32855 35 10 . . . 32855 36 1 No no DT 32855 36 2 Bell Bell NNP 32855 36 3 Vireos vireo NNS 32855 36 4 were be VBD 32855 36 5 banded band VBN 32855 36 6 in in IN 32855 36 7 1960 1960 CD 32855 36 8 . . . 32855 37 1 Individual individual JJ 32855 37 2 pairs pair NNS 32855 37 3 could could MD 32855 37 4 be be VB 32855 37 5 recognized recognize VBN 32855 37 6 because because IN 32855 37 7 of of IN 32855 37 8 their -PRON- PRP$ 32855 37 9 exclusive exclusive JJ 32855 37 10 use use NN 32855 37 11 of of IN 32855 37 12 certain certain JJ 32855 37 13 segments segment NNS 32855 37 14 of of IN 32855 37 15 the the DT 32855 37 16 study study NN 32855 37 17 area area NN 32855 37 18 and and CC 32855 37 19 by by IN 32855 37 20 the the DT 32855 37 21 individual individual JJ 32855 37 22 variation variation NN 32855 37 23 in in IN 32855 37 24 the the DT 32855 37 25 song song NN 32855 37 26 of of IN 32855 37 27 the the DT 32855 37 28 males male NNS 32855 37 29 . . . 32855 38 1 Sexes sex NNS 32855 38 2 were be VBD 32855 38 3 distinguishable distinguishable JJ 32855 38 4 on on IN 32855 38 5 the the DT 32855 38 6 basis basis NN 32855 38 7 of of IN 32855 38 8 differences difference NNS 32855 38 9 in in IN 32855 38 10 vocalizations vocalization NNS 32855 38 11 and and CC 32855 38 12 plumages plumage NNS 32855 38 13 . . . 32855 39 1 Most Most JJS 32855 39 2 nests nest NNS 32855 39 3 were be VBD 32855 39 4 located locate VBN 32855 39 5 by by IN 32855 39 6 the the DT 32855 39 7 observer observer NN 32855 39 8 searching search VBG 32855 39 9 , , , 32855 39 10 watching watch VBG 32855 39 11 a a DT 32855 39 12 pair pair NN 32855 39 13 engaged engage VBN 32855 39 14 in in IN 32855 39 15 building building NN 32855 39 16 , , , 32855 39 17 or or CC 32855 39 18 following follow VBG 32855 39 19 a a DT 32855 39 20 singing singing NN 32855 39 21 male male NN 32855 39 22 until until IN 32855 39 23 the the DT 32855 39 24 increased increase VBN 32855 39 25 tempo tempo NN 32855 39 26 of of IN 32855 39 27 his -PRON- PRP$ 32855 39 28 song song NN 32855 39 29 indicated indicate VBD 32855 39 30 proximity proximity NN 32855 39 31 to to IN 32855 39 32 a a DT 32855 39 33 nest nest NN 32855 39 34 . . . 32855 40 1 As as IN 32855 40 2 the the DT 32855 40 3 season season NN 32855 40 4 progressed progress VBD 32855 40 5 and and CC 32855 40 6 the the DT 32855 40 7 foliage foliage NN 32855 40 8 grew grow VBD 32855 40 9 more more RBR 32855 40 10 dense dense JJ 32855 40 11 , , , 32855 40 12 it -PRON- PRP 32855 40 13 became become VBD 32855 40 14 increasingly increasingly RB 32855 40 15 difficult difficult JJ 32855 40 16 to to TO 32855 40 17 locate locate VB 32855 40 18 completed complete VBN 32855 40 19 nests nest NNS 32855 40 20 . . . 32855 41 1 Blinds blind NNS 32855 41 2 were be VBD 32855 41 3 unnecessary unnecessary JJ 32855 41 4 because because IN 32855 41 5 of of IN 32855 41 6 the the DT 32855 41 7 density density NN 32855 41 8 of of IN 32855 41 9 vegetation vegetation NN 32855 41 10 . . . 32855 42 1 Observations observation NNS 32855 42 2 were be VBD 32855 42 3 facilitated facilitate VBN 32855 42 4 by by IN 32855 42 5 a a DT 32855 42 6 7 7 CD 32855 42 7 x x SYM 32855 42 8 50 50 CD 32855 42 9 binocular binocular NN 32855 42 10 . . . 32855 43 1 Data datum NNS 32855 43 2 were be VBD 32855 43 3 recorded record VBN 32855 43 4 on on IN 32855 43 5 the the DT 32855 43 6 spot spot NN 32855 43 7 in in IN 32855 43 8 a a DT 32855 43 9 field field NN 32855 43 10 notebook notebook NN 32855 43 11 . . . 32855 44 1 Eggs egg NNS 32855 44 2 were be VBD 32855 44 3 numbered number VBN 32855 44 4 by by IN 32855 44 5 means mean NNS 32855 44 6 of of IN 32855 44 7 Higgins Higgins NNP 32855 44 8 Engrossing Engrossing NNP 32855 44 9 ink ink NN 32855 44 10 as as IN 32855 44 11 they -PRON- PRP 32855 44 12 were be VBD 32855 44 13 laid lay VBN 32855 44 14 . . . 32855 45 1 Individual individual JJ 32855 45 2 trees tree NNS 32855 45 3 in in IN 32855 45 4 which which WDT 32855 45 5 males male NNS 32855 45 6 sang sing VBD 32855 45 7 most most RBS 32855 45 8 were be VBD 32855 45 9 marked mark VBN 32855 45 10 over over IN 32855 45 11 a a DT 32855 45 12 three three CD 32855 45 13 - - HYPH 32855 45 14 week week NN 32855 45 15 period period NN 32855 45 16 . . . 32855 46 1 Then then RB 32855 46 2 the the DT 32855 46 3 distances distance NNS 32855 46 4 between between IN 32855 46 5 the the DT 32855 46 6 most most RBS 32855 46 7 remote remote JJ 32855 46 8 perches perch NNS 32855 46 9 were be VBD 32855 46 10 paced pace VBN 32855 46 11 . . . 32855 47 1 These these DT 32855 47 2 distances distance NNS 32855 47 3 aided aid VBD 32855 47 4 in in IN 32855 47 5 determining determine VBG 32855 47 6 the the DT 32855 47 7 size size NN 32855 47 8 of of IN 32855 47 9 the the DT 32855 47 10 territories territory NNS 32855 47 11 . . . 32855 48 1 The the DT 32855 48 2 general general JJ 32855 48 3 configuration configuration NN 32855 48 4 of of IN 32855 48 5 the the DT 32855 48 6 vegetation vegetation NN 32855 48 7 within within IN 32855 48 8 each each DT 32855 48 9 territory territory NN 32855 48 10 determined determine VBD 32855 48 11 the the DT 32855 48 12 location location NN 32855 48 13 of of IN 32855 48 14 one one CD 32855 48 15 or or CC 32855 48 16 more more JJR 32855 48 17 boundaries boundary NNS 32855 48 18 of of IN 32855 48 19 the the DT 32855 48 20 territory territory NN 32855 48 21 . . . 32855 49 1 Each each DT 32855 49 2 territory territory NN 32855 49 3 was be VBD 32855 49 4 given give VBN 32855 49 5 a a DT 32855 49 6 number number NN 32855 49 7 , , , 32855 49 8 1 1 CD 32855 49 9 , , , 32855 49 10 2 2 CD 32855 49 11 , , , 32855 49 12 3 3 CD 32855 49 13 , , , 32855 49 14 etc etc FW 32855 49 15 . . FW 32855 49 16 , , , 32855 49 17 as as IN 32855 49 18 it -PRON- PRP 32855 49 19 was be VBD 32855 49 20 discovered discover VBN 32855 49 21 ; ; : 32855 49 22 consequently consequently RB 32855 49 23 there there EX 32855 49 24 is be VBZ 32855 49 25 no no DT 32855 49 26 numerical numerical JJ 32855 49 27 relationship relationship NN 32855 49 28 between between IN 32855 49 29 the the DT 32855 49 30 designations designation NNS 32855 49 31 of of IN 32855 49 32 the the DT 32855 49 33 territories territory NNS 32855 49 34 established establish VBN 32855 49 35 in in IN 32855 49 36 1959 1959 CD 32855 49 37 and and CC 32855 49 38 1960 1960 CD 32855 49 39 . . . 32855 50 1 Nests nest NNS 32855 50 2 within within IN 32855 50 3 a a DT 32855 50 4 territory territory NN 32855 50 5 were be VBD 32855 50 6 designated designate VBN 32855 50 7 as as IN 32855 50 8 1-a 1-a CD 32855 50 9 , , , 32855 50 10 1-b 1-b CD 32855 50 11 , , , 32855 50 12 1-c 1-c CD 32855 50 13 , , , 32855 50 14 etc etc FW 32855 50 15 . . . 32855 51 1 Although although IN 32855 51 2 experimentation experimentation NN 32855 51 3 was be VBD 32855 51 4 not not RB 32855 51 5 a a DT 32855 51 6 primary primary JJ 32855 51 7 source source NN 32855 51 8 of of IN 32855 51 9 data datum NNS 32855 51 10 , , , 32855 51 11 it -PRON- PRP 32855 51 12 proved prove VBD 32855 51 13 useful useful JJ 32855 51 14 in in IN 32855 51 15 certain certain JJ 32855 51 16 instances instance NNS 32855 51 17 . . . 32855 52 1 A a DT 32855 52 2 stuffed stuffed JJ 32855 52 3 Blue Blue NNP 32855 52 4 Jay Jay NNP 32855 52 5 elicited elicit VBD 32855 52 6 mobbing mob VBG 32855 52 7 behavior behavior NN 32855 52 8 from from IN 32855 52 9 nesting nest VBG 32855 52 10 pairs pair NNS 32855 52 11 . . . 32855 53 1 A a DT 32855 53 2 dummy dummy NN 32855 53 3 Bell Bell NNP 32855 53 4 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 53 5 elicited elicit VBD 32855 53 6 both both CC 32855 53 7 agonistic agonistic JJ 32855 53 8 and and CC 32855 53 9 epigamic epigamic JJ 32855 53 10 behavior behavior NN 32855 53 11 from from IN 32855 53 12 nesting nest VBG 32855 53 13 pairs pair NNS 32855 53 14 , , , 32855 53 15 depending depend VBG 32855 53 16 on on IN 32855 53 17 the the DT 32855 53 18 phase phase NN 32855 53 19 of of IN 32855 53 20 the the DT 32855 53 21 nesting nest VBG 32855 53 22 cycle cycle NN 32855 53 23 . . . 32855 54 1 The the DT 32855 54 2 temperature temperature NN 32855 54 3 at at IN 32855 54 4 the the DT 32855 54 5 beginning beginning NN 32855 54 6 of of IN 32855 54 7 each each DT 32855 54 8 day day NN 32855 54 9 's 's POS 32855 54 10 work work NN 32855 54 11 was be VBD 32855 54 12 taken take VBN 32855 54 13 by by IN 32855 54 14 means mean NNS 32855 54 15 of of IN 32855 54 16 a a DT 32855 54 17 Weston Weston NNP 32855 54 18 dial dial NN 32855 54 19 thermometer thermometer NN 32855 54 20 . . . 32855 55 1 A a DT 32855 55 2 hand hand NN 32855 55 3 counter counter NN 32855 55 4 and and CC 32855 55 5 a a DT 32855 55 6 pocket pocket NN 32855 55 7 watch watch NN 32855 55 8 having have VBG 32855 55 9 a a DT 32855 55 10 second second JJ 32855 55 11 hand hand NN 32855 55 12 were be VBD 32855 55 13 used use VBN 32855 55 14 in in IN 32855 55 15 determining determine VBG 32855 55 16 such such JJ 32855 55 17 data datum NNS 32855 55 18 as as IN 32855 55 19 frequency frequency NN 32855 55 20 of of IN 32855 55 21 song song NN 32855 55 22 and and CC 32855 55 23 periods period NNS 32855 55 24 of of IN 32855 55 25 attentiveness attentiveness NN 32855 55 26 by by IN 32855 55 27 the the DT 32855 55 28 sexes sex NNS 32855 55 29 . . . 32855 56 1 Histological histological JJ 32855 56 2 cross cross NN 32855 56 3 - - NNS 32855 56 4 sections section NNS 32855 56 5 , , , 32855 56 6 prepared prepare VBN 32855 56 7 by by IN 32855 56 8 A. a. NN 32855 56 9 Wayne Wayne NNP 32855 56 10 Wiens Wiens NNP 32855 56 11 , , , 32855 56 12 of of IN 32855 56 13 the the DT 32855 56 14 ventral ventral JJ 32855 56 15 epidermis epidermis NN 32855 56 16 of of IN 32855 56 17 both both DT 32855 56 18 sexes sex NNS 32855 56 19 were be VBD 32855 56 20 used use VBN 32855 56 21 to to TO 32855 56 22 study study VB 32855 56 23 brood brood NN 32855 56 24 patches patch NNS 32855 56 25 . . . 32855 57 1 STUDY STUDY NNP 32855 57 2 AREA area VBP 32855 57 3 The the DT 32855 57 4 intensive intensive JJ 32855 57 5 field field NN 32855 57 6 work work NN 32855 57 7 was be VBD 32855 57 8 on on IN 32855 57 9 a a DT 32855 57 10 39-acre 39-acre CD 32855 57 11 tract tract NN 32855 57 12 ( ( -LRB- 32855 57 13 fig fig NN 32855 57 14 . . . 32855 58 1 1 1 LS 32855 58 2 ) ) -RRB- 32855 58 3 extending extend VBG 32855 58 4 approximately approximately RB 32855 58 5 7/10 7/10 CD 32855 58 6 of of IN 32855 58 7 a a DT 32855 58 8 mile mile NN 32855 58 9 west west NN 32855 58 10 from from IN 32855 58 11 U. U. NNP 32855 58 12 S. S. NNP 32855 58 13 highway highway NN 32855 58 14 59 59 CD 32855 58 15 , , , 32855 58 16 which which WDT 32855 58 17 in in IN 32855 58 18 1959 1959 CD 32855 58 19 - - SYM 32855 58 20 1960 1960 CD 32855 58 21 constituted constitute VBD 32855 58 22 the the DT 32855 58 23 western western JJ 32855 58 24 city city NN 32855 58 25 limit limit NN 32855 58 26 of of IN 32855 58 27 Lawrence Lawrence NNP 32855 58 28 , , , 32855 58 29 Douglas Douglas NNP 32855 58 30 County County NNP 32855 58 31 , , , 32855 58 32 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 58 33 . . . 32855 59 1 The the DT 32855 59 2 eastern eastern JJ 32855 59 3 boundary boundary NN 32855 59 4 of of IN 32855 59 5 the the DT 32855 59 6 study study NN 32855 59 7 area area NN 32855 59 8 is be VBZ 32855 59 9 approximately approximately RB 32855 59 10 1 1 CD 32855 59 11 - - SYM 32855 59 12 1/2 1/2 CD 32855 59 13 miles mile NNS 32855 59 14 southwest southwest RB 32855 59 15 of of IN 32855 59 16 the the DT 32855 59 17 County County NNP 32855 59 18 Courthouse Courthouse NNP 32855 59 19 in in IN 32855 59 20 Lawrence Lawrence NNP 32855 59 21 . . . 32855 60 1 The the DT 32855 60 2 eastern eastern JJ 32855 60 3 ten ten CD 32855 60 4 acres acre NNS 32855 60 5 is be VBZ 32855 60 6 associated associate VBN 32855 60 7 with with IN 32855 60 8 the the DT 32855 60 9 Laboratory Laboratory NNP 32855 60 10 of of IN 32855 60 11 Aquatic Aquatic NNP 32855 60 12 Biology Biology NNP 32855 60 13 of of IN 32855 60 14 the the DT 32855 60 15 University University NNP 32855 60 16 of of IN 32855 60 17 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 60 18 . . . 32855 61 1 The the DT 32855 61 2 15 15 CD 32855 61 3 acres acre NNS 32855 61 4 adjacent adjacent JJ 32855 61 5 to to IN 32855 61 6 this this DT 32855 61 7 on on IN 32855 61 8 the the DT 32855 61 9 southwest southwest NN 32855 61 10 is be VBZ 32855 61 11 owned own VBN 32855 61 12 by by IN 32855 61 13 the the DT 32855 61 14 University University NNP 32855 61 15 of of IN 32855 61 16 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 61 17 Endowment Endowment NNP 32855 61 18 Association Association NNP 32855 61 19 , , , 32855 61 20 but but CC 32855 61 21 is be VBZ 32855 61 22 used use VBN 32855 61 23 by by IN 32855 61 24 Mr. Mr. NNP 32855 61 25 E. E. NNP 32855 61 26 H. H. NNP 32855 61 27 Chamney Chamney NNP 32855 61 28 for for IN 32855 61 29 the the DT 32855 61 30 grazing grazing NN 32855 61 31 of of IN 32855 61 32 cattle cattle NNS 32855 61 33 . . . 32855 62 1 This this DT 32855 62 2 portion portion NN 32855 62 3 is be VBZ 32855 62 4 bounded bound VBN 32855 62 5 on on IN 32855 62 6 the the DT 32855 62 7 west west NN 32855 62 8 by by IN 32855 62 9 a a DT 32855 62 10 stone stone NN 32855 62 11 fence fence NN 32855 62 12 , , , 32855 62 13 beyond beyond IN 32855 62 14 which which WDT 32855 62 15 lies lie VBZ 32855 62 16 a a DT 32855 62 17 14-acre 14-acre CD 32855 62 18 field field NN 32855 62 19 of of IN 32855 62 20 natural natural JJ 32855 62 21 prairie prairie NN 32855 62 22 owned own VBN 32855 62 23 by by IN 32855 62 24 Dr. Dr. NNP 32855 62 25 C. C. NNP 32855 62 26 D. D. NNP 32855 62 27 Clark Clark NNP 32855 62 28 that that WDT 32855 62 29 is be VBZ 32855 62 30 bordered border VBN 32855 62 31 on on IN 32855 62 32 the the DT 32855 62 33 extreme extreme JJ 32855 62 34 west west NN 32855 62 35 by by IN 32855 62 36 a a DT 32855 62 37 narrow narrow JJ 32855 62 38 thicket thicket NN 32855 62 39 of of IN 32855 62 40 elm elm NNP 32855 62 41 saplings sapling NNS 32855 62 42 . . . 32855 63 1 The the DT 32855 63 2 principal principal JJ 32855 63 3 topographic topographic JJ 32855 63 4 feature feature NN 32855 63 5 of of IN 32855 63 6 the the DT 32855 63 7 area area NN 32855 63 8 is be VBZ 32855 63 9 an an DT 32855 63 10 arm arm NN 32855 63 11 of of IN 32855 63 12 Mount Mount NNP 32855 63 13 Oread Oread NNP 32855 63 14 , , , 32855 63 15 that that DT 32855 63 16 rises rise VBZ 32855 63 17 some some DT 32855 63 18 80 80 CD 32855 63 19 feet foot NNS 32855 63 20 above above IN 32855 63 21 the the DT 32855 63 22 surrounding surround VBG 32855 63 23 countryside countryside NN 32855 63 24 . . . 32855 64 1 About about RB 32855 64 2 200 200 CD 32855 64 3 feet foot NNS 32855 64 4 from from IN 32855 64 5 the the DT 32855 64 6 crest crest NN 32855 64 7 of of IN 32855 64 8 the the DT 32855 64 9 southwestern southwestern JJ 32855 64 10 slope slope NN 32855 64 11 of of IN 32855 64 12 the the DT 32855 64 13 hill hill NN 32855 64 14 a a DT 32855 64 15 40-foot 40-foot CD 32855 64 16 - - HYPH 32855 64 17 wide wide JJ 32855 64 18 diversion diversion NN 32855 64 19 terrace terrace NN 32855 64 20 directs direct VBZ 32855 64 21 run run VBN 32855 64 22 - - HYPH 32855 64 23 off off NN 32855 64 24 toward toward IN 32855 64 25 the the DT 32855 64 26 two two CD 32855 64 27 - - HYPH 32855 64 28 acre acre NN 32855 64 29 reservoir reservoir NN 32855 64 30 that that WDT 32855 64 31 is be VBZ 32855 64 32 the the DT 32855 64 33 source source NN 32855 64 34 of of IN 32855 64 35 water water NN 32855 64 36 for for IN 32855 64 37 eight eight CD 32855 64 38 experimental experimental JJ 32855 64 39 fish fish NN 32855 64 40 ponds pond NNS 32855 64 41 of of IN 32855 64 42 the the DT 32855 64 43 laboratory laboratory NN 32855 64 44 . . . 32855 65 1 The the DT 32855 65 2 predominant predominant JJ 32855 65 3 shrub shrub JJ 32855 65 4 - - HYPH 32855 65 5 vegetation vegetation NN 32855 65 6 consists consist VBZ 32855 65 7 of of IN 32855 65 8 Osage osage NN 32855 65 9 orange orange NN 32855 65 10 ( ( -LRB- 32855 65 11 _ _ NNP 32855 65 12 Maclura Maclura NNP 32855 65 13 pomifera pomifera NN 32855 65 14 _ _ NNP 32855 65 15 ) ) -RRB- 32855 65 16 , , , 32855 65 17 honey honey NN 32855 65 18 locust locust NNP 32855 65 19 ( ( -LRB- 32855 65 20 _ _ NNP 32855 65 21 Gleditsia Gleditsia NNP 32855 65 22 triacanthos triacanthos NN 32855 65 23 _ _ NNP 32855 65 24 ) ) -RRB- 32855 65 25 , , , 32855 65 26 and and CC 32855 65 27 American american JJ 32855 65 28 elm elm NN 32855 65 29 ( ( -LRB- 32855 65 30 _ _ NNP 32855 65 31 Ulmus Ulmus NNP 32855 65 32 americana americana VBZ 32855 65 33 _ _ NNP 32855 65 34 ) ) -RRB- 32855 65 35 . . . 32855 66 1 These these DT 32855 66 2 saplings sapling NNS 32855 66 3 , , , 32855 66 4 ranging range VBG 32855 66 5 in in IN 32855 66 6 height height NN 32855 66 7 from from IN 32855 66 8 3 3 CD 32855 66 9 to to IN 32855 66 10 25 25 CD 32855 66 11 feet foot NNS 32855 66 12 , , , 32855 66 13 grow grow VB 32855 66 14 in in IN 32855 66 15 dense dense JJ 32855 66 16 thickets thicket NNS 32855 66 17 as as RB 32855 66 18 well well RB 32855 66 19 as as IN 32855 66 20 singly singly RB 32855 66 21 and and CC 32855 66 22 in in IN 32855 66 23 clumps clump NNS 32855 66 24 of of IN 32855 66 25 twos two NNS 32855 66 26 and and CC 32855 66 27 threes three NNS 32855 66 28 . . . 32855 67 1 Larger large JJR 32855 67 2 trees tree NNS 32855 67 3 of of IN 32855 67 4 these these DT 32855 67 5 same same JJ 32855 67 6 species specie NNS 32855 67 7 grow grow VB 32855 67 8 along along IN 32855 67 9 the the DT 32855 67 10 crest crest NN 32855 67 11 of of IN 32855 67 12 the the DT 32855 67 13 hill hill NN 32855 67 14 , , , 32855 67 15 along along IN 32855 67 16 the the DT 32855 67 17 eastern eastern JJ 32855 67 18 and and CC 32855 67 19 southeastern southeastern JJ 32855 67 20 boundaries boundary NNS 32855 67 21 of of IN 32855 67 22 the the DT 32855 67 23 area area NN 32855 67 24 , , , 32855 67 25 and and CC 32855 67 26 along along IN 32855 67 27 the the DT 32855 67 28 stone stone NN 32855 67 29 fence fence NN 32855 67 30 separating separate VBG 32855 67 31 University University NNP 32855 67 32 land land NN 32855 67 33 from from IN 32855 67 34 that that DT 32855 67 35 owned own VBN 32855 67 36 by by IN 32855 67 37 Dr. Dr. NNP 32855 67 38 Clark Clark NNP 32855 67 39 . . . 32855 68 1 A a DT 32855 68 2 dense dense JJ 32855 68 3 growth growth NN 32855 68 4 of of IN 32855 68 5 coralberry coralberry NN 32855 68 6 ( ( -LRB- 32855 68 7 _ _ NNP 32855 68 8 Symphoricarpos Symphoricarpos NNP 32855 68 9 orbiculatus orbiculatus NNP 32855 68 10 _ _ NNP 32855 68 11 ) ) -RRB- 32855 68 12 forms form VBZ 32855 68 13 the the DT 32855 68 14 understory understory NN 32855 68 15 just just RB 32855 68 16 below below IN 32855 68 17 the the DT 32855 68 18 crest crest NN 32855 68 19 of of IN 32855 68 20 the the DT 32855 68 21 hill hill NN 32855 68 22 . . . 32855 69 1 Isolated isolated JJ 32855 69 2 clumps clump NNS 32855 69 3 of of IN 32855 69 4 dogwood dogwood NN 32855 69 5 ( ( -LRB- 32855 69 6 _ _ NNP 32855 69 7 Cornus Cornus NNP 32855 69 8 drummondi drummondi VBD 32855 69 9 _ _ NNP 32855 69 10 ) ) -RRB- 32855 69 11 and and CC 32855 69 12 hawthorn hawthorn NNP 32855 69 13 ( ( -LRB- 32855 69 14 _ _ NNP 32855 69 15 Crataegus Crataegus NNP 32855 69 16 mollis mollis NNP 32855 69 17 _ _ NNP 32855 69 18 ) ) -RRB- 32855 69 19 are be VBP 32855 69 20 scattered scatter VBN 32855 69 21 throughout throughout IN 32855 69 22 the the DT 32855 69 23 area area NN 32855 69 24 . . . 32855 70 1 These these DT 32855 70 2 species specie NNS 32855 70 3 of of IN 32855 70 4 shrubs shrub NNS 32855 70 5 grow grow VBP 32855 70 6 densely densely RB 32855 70 7 along along IN 32855 70 8 the the DT 32855 70 9 stone stone NN 32855 70 10 fence fence NN 32855 70 11 . . . 32855 71 1 The the DT 32855 71 2 isolated isolated JJ 32855 71 3 thicket thicket NN 32855 71 4 on on IN 32855 71 5 the the DT 32855 71 6 Clark Clark NNP 32855 71 7 land land NN 32855 71 8 is be VBZ 32855 71 9 composed compose VBN 32855 71 10 primarily primarily RB 32855 71 11 of of IN 32855 71 12 elm elm NN 32855 71 13 and and CC 32855 71 14 boxelder boxelder NNP 32855 71 15 ( ( -LRB- 32855 71 16 _ _ NNP 32855 71 17 Acer Acer NNP 32855 71 18 negundo negundo NNP 32855 71 19 _ _ NNP 32855 71 20 ) ) -RRB- 32855 71 21 , , , 32855 71 22 but but CC 32855 71 23 includes include VBZ 32855 71 24 scattered scatter VBN 32855 71 25 clumps clump NNS 32855 71 26 of of IN 32855 71 27 dogwood dogwood NN 32855 71 28 , , , 32855 71 29 Osage osage NN 32855 71 30 orange orange NN 32855 71 31 , , , 32855 71 32 and and CC 32855 71 33 honey honey NNP 32855 71 34 locust locust NNP 32855 71 35 . . . 32855 72 1 Poplars poplar NNS 32855 72 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 72 3 _ _ NNP 32855 72 4 Populus Populus NNP 32855 72 5 deltoides deltoide NNS 32855 72 6 _ _ NNP 32855 72 7 ) ) -RRB- 32855 72 8 are be VBP 32855 72 9 the the DT 32855 72 10 only only JJ 32855 72 11 large large JJ 32855 72 12 trees tree NNS 32855 72 13 in in IN 32855 72 14 this this DT 32855 72 15 area area NN 32855 72 16 . . . 32855 73 1 [ [ -LRB- 32855 73 2 Illustration illustration NN 32855 73 3 : : : 32855 73 4 FIG FIG NNP 32855 73 5 . . . 32855 74 1 1 1 LS 32855 74 2 . . . 32855 75 1 Map Map NNP 32855 75 2 of of IN 32855 75 3 the the DT 32855 75 4 study study NN 32855 75 5 area area NN 32855 75 6 near near IN 32855 75 7 the the DT 32855 75 8 University University NNP 32855 75 9 of of IN 32855 75 10 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 75 11 Laboratory Laboratory NNP 32855 75 12 of of IN 32855 75 13 Aquatic Aquatic NNP 32855 75 14 Biology Biology NNP 32855 75 15 . . . 32855 76 1 The the DT 32855 76 2 dashed dash VBN 32855 76 3 lines line NNS 32855 76 4 mark mark VBP 32855 76 5 the the DT 32855 76 6 approximate approximate JJ 32855 76 7 territorial territorial JJ 32855 76 8 boundaries boundary NNS 32855 76 9 of of IN 32855 76 10 the the DT 32855 76 11 original original JJ 32855 76 12 nine nine CD 32855 76 13 pairs pair NNS 32855 76 14 of of IN 32855 76 15 Bell Bell NNP 32855 76 16 Vireos Vireos NNP 32855 76 17 from from IN 32855 76 18 May May NNP 32855 76 19 1960 1960 CD 32855 76 20 to to IN 32855 76 21 early early JJ 32855 76 22 June June NNP 32855 76 23 1960 1960 CD 32855 76 24 . . . 32855 76 25 ] ] -RRB- 32855 77 1 The the DT 32855 77 2 open open JJ 32855 77 3 areas area NNS 32855 77 4 between between IN 32855 77 5 the the DT 32855 77 6 thickets thicket NNS 32855 77 7 are be VBP 32855 77 8 grown grow VBN 32855 77 9 up up RP 32855 77 10 in in IN 32855 77 11 red red JJ 32855 77 12 top top NN 32855 77 13 ( ( -LRB- 32855 77 14 _ _ NNP 32855 77 15 Triodia Triodia NNP 32855 77 16 flava flava NN 32855 77 17 _ _ NNP 32855 77 18 ) ) -RRB- 32855 77 19 , , , 32855 77 20 bluestem bluestem NN 32855 77 21 ( ( -LRB- 32855 77 22 _ _ NNP 32855 77 23 Andropogon Andropogon NNP 32855 77 24 scoparius scoparius NN 32855 77 25 _ _ NNP 32855 77 26 ) ) -RRB- 32855 77 27 , , , 32855 77 28 Switchgrass Switchgrass NNP 32855 77 29 ( ( -LRB- 32855 77 30 _ _ NNP 32855 77 31 Panicum Panicum NNP 32855 77 32 virgatum virgatum NN 32855 77 33 _ _ NNP 32855 77 34 ) ) -RRB- 32855 77 35 , , , 32855 77 36 Kentucky Kentucky NNP 32855 77 37 bluegrass bluegrass NN 32855 77 38 ( ( -LRB- 32855 77 39 _ _ NNP 32855 77 40 Poa Poa NNP 32855 77 41 pratensis pratensis NN 32855 77 42 _ _ NNP 32855 77 43 ) ) -RRB- 32855 77 44 , , , 32855 77 45 bush bush NNP 32855 77 46 clover clover NN 32855 77 47 ( ( -LRB- 32855 77 48 _ _ NNP 32855 77 49 Lespedeza Lespedeza NNP 32855 77 50 capitata capitata NN 32855 77 51 _ _ NNP 32855 77 52 ) ) -RRB- 32855 77 53 and and CC 32855 77 54 mullen mullen JJ 32855 77 55 ( ( -LRB- 32855 77 56 _ _ NNP 32855 77 57 Verbascum Verbascum NNP 32855 77 58 thapsus thapsus NNP 32855 77 59 _ _ NNP 32855 77 60 ) ) -RRB- 32855 77 61 . . . 32855 78 1 Shrubby shrubby NN 32855 78 2 vegetation vegetation NN 32855 78 3 occupies occupy VBZ 32855 78 4 about about RB 32855 78 5 65 65 CD 32855 78 6 per per NN 32855 78 7 cent cent NN 32855 78 8 of of IN 32855 78 9 the the DT 32855 78 10 total total JJ 32855 78 11 area area NN 32855 78 12 , , , 32855 78 13 but but CC 32855 78 14 in in IN 32855 78 15 the the DT 32855 78 16 Clark Clark NNP 32855 78 17 portion portion NN 32855 78 18 constitutes constitute VBZ 32855 78 19 only only RB 32855 78 20 about about RB 32855 78 21 35 35 CD 32855 78 22 per per NN 32855 78 23 cent cent NN 32855 78 24 of of IN 32855 78 25 the the DT 32855 78 26 ground ground NN 32855 78 27 cover cover NN 32855 78 28 . . . 32855 79 1 _ _ NNP 32855 79 2 Considerations Considerations NNPS 32855 79 3 of of IN 32855 79 4 Habitat Habitat NNP 32855 79 5 _ _ NNP 32855 79 6 Nolan Nolan NNP 32855 79 7 ( ( -LRB- 32855 79 8 1960:226 1960:226 CD 32855 79 9 ) ) -RRB- 32855 79 10 , , , 32855 79 11 summarizing summarize VBG 32855 79 12 the the DT 32855 79 13 available available JJ 32855 79 14 information information NN 32855 79 15 on on IN 32855 79 16 habitat habitat JJ 32855 79 17 preferences preference NNS 32855 79 18 of of IN 32855 79 19 the the DT 32855 79 20 Bell Bell NNP 32855 79 21 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 79 22 , , , 32855 79 23 indicates indicate VBZ 32855 79 24 that that IN 32855 79 25 this this DT 32855 79 26 species specie NNS 32855 79 27 tolerates tolerate NNS 32855 79 28 " " `` 32855 79 29 a a DT 32855 79 30 rather rather RB 32855 79 31 wide wide JJ 32855 79 32 range range NN 32855 79 33 of of IN 32855 79 34 differences difference NNS 32855 79 35 in in IN 32855 79 36 cover cover NN 32855 79 37 . . . 32855 79 38 " " '' 32855 80 1 He -PRON- PRP 32855 80 2 pointed point VBD 32855 80 3 out out RP 32855 80 4 that that IN 32855 80 5 a a DT 32855 80 6 significant significant JJ 32855 80 7 factor factor NN 32855 80 8 in in IN 32855 80 9 habitat habitat NN 32855 80 10 selection selection NN 32855 80 11 by by IN 32855 80 12 this this DT 32855 80 13 species species NN 32855 80 14 may may MD 32855 80 15 be be VB 32855 80 16 avoidance avoidance NN 32855 80 17 of of IN 32855 80 18 the the DT 32855 80 19 White white JJ 32855 80 20 - - HYPH 32855 80 21 eyed eyed JJ 32855 80 22 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 80 23 ( ( -LRB- 32855 80 24 _ _ NNP 32855 80 25 V. V. NNP 32855 81 1 griseus griseus NNP 32855 81 2 _ _ NNP 32855 81 3 ) ) -RRB- 32855 81 4 where where WRB 32855 81 5 the the DT 32855 81 6 two two CD 32855 81 7 species specie NNS 32855 81 8 are be VBP 32855 81 9 sympatric sympatric JJ 32855 81 10 . . . 32855 82 1 In in IN 32855 82 2 Douglas Douglas NNP 32855 82 3 County County NNP 32855 82 4 where where WRB 32855 82 5 the the DT 32855 82 6 Bell Bell NNP 32855 82 7 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 82 8 is be VBZ 32855 82 9 the the DT 32855 82 10 common common JJ 32855 82 11 species specie NNS 32855 82 12 , , , 32855 82 13 the the DT 32855 82 14 White white JJ 32855 82 15 - - HYPH 32855 82 16 eyed eye VBN 32855 82 17 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 82 18 reaches reach VBZ 32855 82 19 the the DT 32855 82 20 western western JJ 32855 82 21 extent extent NN 32855 82 22 of of IN 32855 82 23 its -PRON- PRP$ 32855 82 24 known know VBN 32855 82 25 breeding breeding NN 32855 82 26 range range NN 32855 82 27 in in IN 32855 82 28 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 82 29 . . . 32855 83 1 At at IN 32855 83 2 the the DT 32855 83 3 Natural Natural NNP 32855 83 4 History History NNP 32855 83 5 Reservation Reservation NNP 32855 83 6 of of IN 32855 83 7 the the DT 32855 83 8 University University NNP 32855 83 9 of of IN 32855 83 10 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 83 11 , , , 32855 83 12 where where WRB 32855 83 13 both both DT 32855 83 14 species specie NNS 32855 83 15 breed breed VBP 32855 83 16 , , , 32855 83 17 the the DT 32855 83 18 Bell Bell NNP 32855 83 19 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 83 20 occurs occur VBZ 32855 83 21 in in IN 32855 83 22 " " `` 32855 83 23 brush brush NN 32855 83 24 thickets thicket NNS 32855 83 25 in in IN 32855 83 26 open open JJ 32855 83 27 places place NNS 32855 83 28 " " '' 32855 83 29 ( ( -LRB- 32855 83 30 Fitch Fitch NNP 32855 83 31 , , , 32855 83 32 1958:270 1958:270 CD 32855 83 33 ) ) -RRB- 32855 83 34 and and CC 32855 83 35 the the DT 32855 83 36 White white JJ 32855 83 37 - - HYPH 32855 83 38 eyed eye VBN 32855 83 39 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 83 40 occupies occupie NNS 32855 83 41 " " `` 32855 83 42 brush brush NN 32855 83 43 thickets thicket NNS 32855 83 44 , , , 32855 83 45 scrubby scrubby NNP 32855 83 46 woodland woodland NN 32855 83 47 and and CC 32855 83 48 woodland woodland JJ 32855 83 49 edge edge NN 32855 83 50 " " '' 32855 83 51 ( ( -LRB- 32855 83 52 Fitch Fitch NNP 32855 83 53 , , , 32855 83 54 _ _ NNP 32855 83 55 op op NN 32855 83 56 . . . 32855 84 1 cit cit NNP 32855 84 2 . . . 32855 84 3 _ _ NNP 32855 84 4 , , , 32855 84 5 268 268 CD 32855 84 6 ) ) -RRB- 32855 84 7 . . . 32855 85 1 Along along IN 32855 85 2 the the DT 32855 85 3 Missouri Missouri NNP 32855 85 4 River River NNP 32855 85 5 in in IN 32855 85 6 extreme extreme JJ 32855 85 7 northeastern northeastern JJ 32855 85 8 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 85 9 , , , 32855 85 10 Linsdale Linsdale NNP 32855 85 11 ( ( -LRB- 32855 85 12 1928:588 1928:588 CD 32855 85 13 - - SYM 32855 85 14 589 589 CD 32855 85 15 ) ) -RRB- 32855 85 16 found find VBD 32855 85 17 the the DT 32855 85 18 White white JJ 32855 85 19 - - HYPH 32855 85 20 eyed eye VBN 32855 85 21 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 85 22 " " '' 32855 85 23 at at IN 32855 85 24 the the DT 32855 85 25 edge edge NN 32855 85 26 of of IN 32855 85 27 the the DT 32855 85 28 timber timber NN 32855 85 29 on on IN 32855 85 30 the the DT 32855 85 31 bluff bluff NNP 32855 85 32 , , , 32855 85 33 and and CC 32855 85 34 in in IN 32855 85 35 small small JJ 32855 85 36 clearings clearing NNS 32855 85 37 in in IN 32855 85 38 the the DT 32855 85 39 timber timber NN 32855 85 40 , , , 32855 85 41 " " `` 32855 85 42 while while IN 32855 85 43 " " `` 32855 85 44 the the DT 32855 85 45 Bell Bell NNP 32855 85 46 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 85 47 was be VBD 32855 85 48 characteristic characteristic JJ 32855 85 49 of of IN 32855 85 50 the the DT 32855 85 51 growths growth NNS 32855 85 52 of of IN 32855 85 53 willow willow NN 32855 85 54 thickets thicket NNS 32855 85 55 on on IN 32855 85 56 newly newly RB 32855 85 57 formed form VBN 32855 85 58 sand sand NN 32855 85 59 bars bar NNS 32855 85 60 . . . 32855 85 61 " " '' 32855 86 1 Elsewhere elsewhere RB 32855 86 2 in in IN 32855 86 3 northeastern northeastern JJ 32855 86 4 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 86 5 I -PRON- PRP 32855 86 6 have have VBP 32855 86 7 found find VBN 32855 86 8 the the DT 32855 86 9 Bell Bell NNP 32855 86 10 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 86 11 in in IN 32855 86 12 shrubbery shrubbery NN 32855 86 13 of of IN 32855 86 14 varying varying NN 32855 86 15 density density NN 32855 86 16 and and CC 32855 86 17 often often RB 32855 86 18 in in IN 32855 86 19 habitat habitat NN 32855 86 20 indistinguishable indistinguishable JJ 32855 86 21 from from IN 32855 86 22 that that DT 32855 86 23 occupied occupy VBN 32855 86 24 by by IN 32855 86 25 White white JJ 32855 86 26 - - HYPH 32855 86 27 eyed eyed JJ 32855 86 28 Vireos vireos RB 32855 86 29 at at IN 32855 86 30 the the DT 32855 86 31 Natural Natural NNP 32855 86 32 History History NNP 32855 86 33 Reservation Reservation NNP 32855 86 34 . . . 32855 87 1 In in IN 32855 87 2 the the DT 32855 87 3 periphery periphery NN 32855 87 4 of of IN 32855 87 5 the the DT 32855 87 6 region region NN 32855 87 7 of of IN 32855 87 8 sympatry sympatry NNP 32855 87 9 the the DT 32855 87 10 rarer rarer NN 32855 87 11 species specie NNS 32855 87 12 is be VBZ 32855 87 13 confronted confront VBN 32855 87 14 with with IN 32855 87 15 a a DT 32855 87 16 much much RB 32855 87 17 higher high JJR 32855 87 18 population population NN 32855 87 19 density density NN 32855 87 20 of of IN 32855 87 21 the the DT 32855 87 22 common common JJ 32855 87 23 species specie NNS 32855 87 24 and and CC 32855 87 25 consequently consequently RB 32855 87 26 might may MD 32855 87 27 well well RB 32855 87 28 be be VB 32855 87 29 limited limit VBN 32855 87 30 primarily primarily RB 32855 87 31 to to IN 32855 87 32 habitat habitat VB 32855 87 33 less less RBR 32855 87 34 suitable suitable JJ 32855 87 35 for for IN 32855 87 36 the the DT 32855 87 37 common common JJ 32855 87 38 species specie NNS 32855 87 39 . . . 32855 88 1 This this DT 32855 88 2 would would MD 32855 88 3 seem seem VB 32855 88 4 to to TO 32855 88 5 be be VB 32855 88 6 the the DT 32855 88 7 case case NN 32855 88 8 in in IN 32855 88 9 eastern eastern JJ 32855 88 10 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 88 11 , , , 32855 88 12 presuming presume VBG 32855 88 13 that that IN 32855 88 14 interspecific interspecific JJ 32855 88 15 competition competition NN 32855 88 16 exists exist VBZ 32855 88 17 . . . 32855 89 1 The the DT 32855 89 2 Bell Bell NNP 32855 89 3 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 89 4 has have VBZ 32855 89 5 followed follow VBN 32855 89 6 the the DT 32855 89 7 prairie prairie NN 32855 89 8 peninsula peninsula NN 32855 89 9 into into IN 32855 89 10 Indiana Indiana NNP 32855 89 11 , , , 32855 89 12 aided aid VBN 32855 89 13 by by IN 32855 89 14 the the DT 32855 89 15 development development NN 32855 89 16 of of IN 32855 89 17 land land NN 32855 89 18 for for IN 32855 89 19 agriculture agriculture NN 32855 89 20 . . . 32855 90 1 In in IN 32855 90 2 nearby nearby JJ 32855 90 3 Kentucky Kentucky NNP 32855 90 4 where where WRB 32855 90 5 thousands thousand NNS 32855 90 6 of of IN 32855 90 7 miles mile NNS 32855 90 8 of of IN 32855 90 9 forest forest NN 32855 90 10 edge edge NN 32855 90 11 are be VBP 32855 90 12 found find VBN 32855 90 13 , , , 32855 90 14 and and CC 32855 90 15 where where WRB 32855 90 16 little little JJ 32855 90 17 brushy brushy JJ 32855 90 18 habitat habitat NN 32855 90 19 of of IN 32855 90 20 the the DT 32855 90 21 type type NN 32855 90 22 preferred prefer VBN 32855 90 23 by by IN 32855 90 24 the the DT 32855 90 25 Bell Bell NNP 32855 90 26 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 90 27 occurs occur VBZ 32855 90 28 , , , 32855 90 29 the the DT 32855 90 30 White white JJ 32855 90 31 - - HYPH 32855 90 32 eyed eye VBN 32855 90 33 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 90 34 is be VBZ 32855 90 35 abundant abundant JJ 32855 90 36 whereas whereas IN 32855 90 37 the the DT 32855 90 38 Bell Bell NNP 32855 90 39 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 90 40 is be VBZ 32855 90 41 unknown unknown JJ 32855 90 42 as as IN 32855 90 43 a a DT 32855 90 44 breeding breeding NN 32855 90 45 bird bird NN 32855 90 46 ( ( -LRB- 32855 90 47 R. R. NNP 32855 90 48 M. M. NNP 32855 90 49 Mengel Mengel NNP 32855 90 50 , , , 32855 90 51 personal personal JJ 32855 90 52 communication communication NN 32855 90 53 ) ) -RRB- 32855 90 54 . . . 32855 91 1 In in IN 32855 91 2 more more JJR 32855 91 3 central central JJ 32855 91 4 portions portion NNS 32855 91 5 of of IN 32855 91 6 the the DT 32855 91 7 area area NN 32855 91 8 of of IN 32855 91 9 sympatry sympatry NNP 32855 91 10 , , , 32855 91 11 nevertheless nevertheless RB 32855 91 12 , , , 32855 91 13 the the DT 32855 91 14 two two CD 32855 91 15 species specie NNS 32855 91 16 do do VBP 32855 91 17 occur occur VB 32855 91 18 within within IN 32855 91 19 the the DT 32855 91 20 same same JJ 32855 91 21 habitat habitat NN 32855 91 22 ( ( -LRB- 32855 91 23 Ridgway Ridgway NNP 32855 91 24 , , , 32855 91 25 1889:191 1889:191 CD 32855 91 26 ; ; : 32855 91 27 Bent Bent NNP 32855 91 28 , , , 32855 91 29 1950:254 1950:254 CD 32855 91 30 ) ) -RRB- 32855 91 31 and and CC 32855 91 32 occasionally occasionally RB 32855 91 33 within within IN 32855 91 34 the the DT 32855 91 35 same same JJ 32855 91 36 thicket thicket NN 32855 91 37 ( ( -LRB- 32855 91 38 Ridgway Ridgway NNP 32855 91 39 , , , 32855 91 40 in in IN 32855 91 41 Pitelka Pitelka NNP 32855 91 42 and and CC 32855 91 43 Koestner Koestner NNP 32855 91 44 , , , 32855 91 45 1942:105 1942:105 CD 32855 91 46 ) ) -RRB- 32855 91 47 ; ; : 32855 91 48 their -PRON- PRP$ 32855 91 49 morphological morphological JJ 32855 91 50 and and CC 32855 91 51 behavioral behavioral JJ 32855 91 52 differences difference NNS 32855 91 53 , , , 32855 91 54 although although IN 32855 91 55 slight slight JJ 32855 91 56 , , , 32855 91 57 probably probably RB 32855 91 58 minimize minimize VB 32855 91 59 interspecific interspecific NN 32855 91 60 conflict conflict NN 32855 91 61 . . . 32855 92 1 The the DT 32855 92 2 Bell Bell NNP 32855 92 3 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 92 4 and and CC 32855 92 5 the the DT 32855 92 6 Black Black NNP 32855 92 7 - - HYPH 32855 92 8 capped cap VBN 32855 92 9 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 92 10 ( ( -LRB- 32855 92 11 _ _ NNP 32855 92 12 V. V. NNP 32855 93 1 atricapillus atricapillus NNP 32855 93 2 _ _ NNP 32855 93 3 ) ) -RRB- 32855 93 4 have have VBP 32855 93 5 been be VBN 32855 93 6 found find VBN 32855 93 7 nesting nest VBG 32855 93 8 in in IN 32855 93 9 the the DT 32855 93 10 same same JJ 32855 93 11 tree tree NN 32855 93 12 in in IN 32855 93 13 Oklahoma Oklahoma NNP 32855 93 14 by by IN 32855 93 15 Bunker Bunker NNP 32855 93 16 ( ( -LRB- 32855 93 17 1910:72 1910:72 CD 32855 93 18 ) ) -RRB- 32855 93 19 ; ; : 32855 93 20 the the DT 32855 93 21 nest nest NN 32855 93 22 of of IN 32855 93 23 the the DT 32855 93 24 black black NN 32855 93 25 - - HYPH 32855 93 26 cap cap NN 32855 93 27 was be VBD 32855 93 28 situated situate VBN 32855 93 29 centrally centrally RB 32855 93 30 and and CC 32855 93 31 that that DT 32855 93 32 of of IN 32855 93 33 the the DT 32855 93 34 Bell Bell NNP 32855 93 35 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 93 36 peripherally peripherally RB 32855 93 37 in in IN 32855 93 38 the the DT 32855 93 39 tree tree NN 32855 93 40 . . . 32855 94 1 Bell Bell NNP 32855 94 2 Vireos vireos RB 32855 94 3 invariably invariably RB 32855 94 4 place place VBP 32855 94 5 their -PRON- PRP$ 32855 94 6 nests nest NNS 32855 94 7 in in IN 32855 94 8 the the DT 32855 94 9 outer outer JJ 32855 94 10 portions portion NNS 32855 94 11 of of IN 32855 94 12 trees tree NNS 32855 94 13 and and CC 32855 94 14 peripherally peripherally RB 32855 94 15 in in IN 32855 94 16 thickets thicket NNS 32855 94 17 . . . 32855 95 1 This this DT 32855 95 2 placement placement NN 32855 95 3 would would MD 32855 95 4 further further RB 32855 95 5 obviate obviate VB 32855 95 6 interspecific interspecific NN 32855 95 7 conflict conflict NN 32855 95 8 with with IN 32855 95 9 the the DT 32855 95 10 white white JJ 32855 95 11 - - HYPH 32855 95 12 eye eye NN 32855 95 13 since since IN 32855 95 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 32855 95 15 nests nest NNS 32855 95 16 are be VBP 32855 95 17 placed place VBN 32855 95 18 centrally centrally RB 32855 95 19 in in IN 32855 95 20 the the DT 32855 95 21 denser denser NN 32855 95 22 portions portion NNS 32855 95 23 of of IN 32855 95 24 a a DT 32855 95 25 thicket thicket NN 32855 95 26 . . . 32855 96 1 A a DT 32855 96 2 critical critical JJ 32855 96 3 feature feature NN 32855 96 4 of of IN 32855 96 5 the the DT 32855 96 6 habitat habitat NN 32855 96 7 preferred prefer VBN 32855 96 8 by by IN 32855 96 9 the the DT 32855 96 10 Bell Bell NNP 32855 96 11 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 96 12 is be VBZ 32855 96 13 the the DT 32855 96 14 presence presence NN 32855 96 15 of of IN 32855 96 16 water water NN 32855 96 17 . . . 32855 97 1 In in IN 32855 97 2 far far RB 32855 97 3 western western JJ 32855 97 4 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 97 5 this this DT 32855 97 6 species species NN 32855 97 7 is be VBZ 32855 97 8 restricted restrict VBN 32855 97 9 to to TO 32855 97 10 riparian riparian JJ 32855 97 11 growth growth NN 32855 97 12 along along IN 32855 97 13 the the DT 32855 97 14 more more RBR 32855 97 15 permanent permanent JJ 32855 97 16 waterways waterway NNS 32855 97 17 . . . 32855 98 1 This this DT 32855 98 2 in in IN 32855 98 3 itself -PRON- PRP 32855 98 4 is be VBZ 32855 98 5 not not RB 32855 98 6 adequate adequate JJ 32855 98 7 proof proof NN 32855 98 8 of of IN 32855 98 9 the the DT 32855 98 10 significance significance NN 32855 98 11 of of IN 32855 98 12 water water NN 32855 98 13 supply supply NN 32855 98 14 because because IN 32855 98 15 thicket thicket NN 32855 98 16 growth growth NN 32855 98 17 in in IN 32855 98 18 that that DT 32855 98 19 part part NN 32855 98 20 of of IN 32855 98 21 the the DT 32855 98 22 state state NN 32855 98 23 is be VBZ 32855 98 24 found find VBN 32855 98 25 only only RB 32855 98 26 along along IN 32855 98 27 waterways waterway NNS 32855 98 28 . . . 32855 99 1 The the DT 32855 99 2 20 20 CD 32855 99 3 areas area NNS 32855 99 4 over over IN 32855 99 5 the the DT 32855 99 6 state state NN 32855 99 7 that that WDT 32855 99 8 I -PRON- PRP 32855 99 9 have have VBP 32855 99 10 visited visit VBN 32855 99 11 where where WRB 32855 99 12 Bell Bell NNP 32855 99 13 Vireos Vireos NNP 32855 99 14 were be VBD 32855 99 15 present present JJ 32855 99 16 were be VBD 32855 99 17 closely closely RB 32855 99 18 associated associate VBN 32855 99 19 with with IN 32855 99 20 at at IN 32855 99 21 least least JJS 32855 99 22 a a DT 32855 99 23 semi semi JJ 32855 99 24 - - JJ 32855 99 25 permanent permanent JJ 32855 99 26 source source NN 32855 99 27 of of IN 32855 99 28 water water NN 32855 99 29 . . . 32855 100 1 Fifteen fifteen CD 32855 100 2 other other JJ 32855 100 3 areas area NNS 32855 100 4 indistinguishable indistinguishable JJ 32855 100 5 from from IN 32855 100 6 the the DT 32855 100 7 20 20 CD 32855 100 8 just just RB 32855 100 9 mentioned mention VBN 32855 100 10 , , , 32855 100 11 but but CC 32855 100 12 lacking lack VBG 32855 100 13 a a DT 32855 100 14 permanent permanent JJ 32855 100 15 supply supply NN 32855 100 16 of of IN 32855 100 17 water water NN 32855 100 18 , , , 32855 100 19 also also RB 32855 100 20 lacked lack VBD 32855 100 21 Bell Bell NNP 32855 100 22 Vireos Vireos NNP 32855 100 23 . . . 32855 101 1 Nevertheless nevertheless JJ 32855 101 2 areas area NNS 32855 101 3 in in IN 32855 101 4 which which WDT 32855 101 5 Bell Bell NNP 32855 101 6 Vireos vireos RB 32855 101 7 typically typically RB 32855 101 8 nest nest NN 32855 101 9 are be VBP 32855 101 10 decidedly decidedly RB 32855 101 11 less less RBR 32855 101 12 mesic mesic JJ 32855 101 13 than than IN 32855 101 14 those those DT 32855 101 15 frequented frequent VBN 32855 101 16 by by IN 32855 101 17 White white JJ 32855 101 18 - - HYPH 32855 101 19 eyed eyed JJ 32855 101 20 Vireos Vireos NNP 32855 101 21 . . . 32855 102 1 Once once IN 32855 102 2 the the DT 32855 102 3 Bell Bell NNP 32855 102 4 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 102 5 was be VBD 32855 102 6 probably probably RB 32855 102 7 more more RBR 32855 102 8 local local JJ 32855 102 9 in in IN 32855 102 10 its -PRON- PRP$ 32855 102 11 distribution distribution NN 32855 102 12 being be VBG 32855 102 13 restricted restrict VBN 32855 102 14 to to IN 32855 102 15 thickets thicket NNS 32855 102 16 associated associate VBN 32855 102 17 with with IN 32855 102 18 permanent permanent JJ 32855 102 19 water water NN 32855 102 20 . . . 32855 103 1 Clearing clear VBG 32855 103 2 of of IN 32855 103 3 woodland woodland NN 32855 103 4 for for IN 32855 103 5 agricultural agricultural JJ 32855 103 6 and and CC 32855 103 7 other other JJ 32855 103 8 use use NN 32855 103 9 , , , 32855 103 10 and and CC 32855 103 11 subsequent subsequent JJ 32855 103 12 encroachment encroachment NN 32855 103 13 of of IN 32855 103 14 second second JJ 32855 103 15 growth growth NN 32855 103 16 concomitant concomitant NN 32855 103 17 with with IN 32855 103 18 the the DT 32855 103 19 creation creation NN 32855 103 20 of of IN 32855 103 21 man man NN 32855 103 22 - - HYPH 32855 103 23 made make VBN 32855 103 24 lakes lake NNS 32855 103 25 and and CC 32855 103 26 ponds pond NNS 32855 103 27 , , , 32855 103 28 has have VBZ 32855 103 29 greatly greatly RB 32855 103 30 increased increase VBN 32855 103 31 the the DT 32855 103 32 available available JJ 32855 103 33 habitat habitat NN 32855 103 34 for for IN 32855 103 35 this this DT 32855 103 36 bird bird NN 32855 103 37 . . . 32855 104 1 The the DT 32855 104 2 preferred preferred JJ 32855 104 3 species species NN 32855 104 4 of of IN 32855 104 5 shrubs shrub NNS 32855 104 6 for for IN 32855 104 7 nesting nest VBG 32855 104 8 are be VBP 32855 104 9 reported report VBN 32855 104 10 ( ( -LRB- 32855 104 11 Bent Bent NNP 32855 104 12 , , , 32855 104 13 1950:254 1950:254 CD 32855 104 14 ) ) -RRB- 32855 104 15 to to TO 32855 104 16 be be VB 32855 104 17 various various JJ 32855 104 18 wild wild JJ 32855 104 19 plums plum NNS 32855 104 20 ( ( -LRB- 32855 104 21 _ _ NNP 32855 104 22 Prunus Prunus NNP 32855 104 23 sp sp NNP 32855 104 24 . . . 32855 104 25 _ _ NNP 32855 104 26 ) ) -RRB- 32855 104 27 . . . 32855 105 1 The the DT 32855 105 2 widespread widespread JJ 32855 105 3 distribution distribution NN 32855 105 4 and and CC 32855 105 5 abundance abundance NN 32855 105 6 of of IN 32855 105 7 the the DT 32855 105 8 exotic exotic JJ 32855 105 9 Osage Osage NNP 32855 105 10 orange orange NN 32855 105 11 has have VBZ 32855 105 12 greatly greatly RB 32855 105 13 augmented augment VBN 32855 105 14 the the DT 32855 105 15 supply supply NN 32855 105 16 of of IN 32855 105 17 trees tree NNS 32855 105 18 suitable suitable JJ 32855 105 19 for for IN 32855 105 20 nesting nest VBG 32855 105 21 . . . 32855 106 1 SEASONAL SEASONAL NNP 32855 106 2 MOVEMENT MOVEMENT NNP 32855 106 3 _ _ NNP 32855 106 4 Arrival Arrival NNP 32855 106 5 in in IN 32855 106 6 Spring Spring NNP 32855 106 7 _ _ NNP 32855 106 8 The the DT 32855 106 9 subspecies subspecie NNS 32855 106 10 of of IN 32855 106 11 the the DT 32855 106 12 Bell Bell NNP 32855 106 13 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 106 14 breeding breed VBG 32855 106 15 in in IN 32855 106 16 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 106 17 , , , 32855 106 18 _ _ NNP 32855 106 19 V. V. NNP 32855 107 1 b. b. NNP 32855 107 2 bellii bellii NNP 32855 107 3 _ _ NNP 32855 107 4 , , , 32855 107 5 winters winter NNS 32855 107 6 regularly regularly RB 32855 107 7 from from IN 32855 107 8 Guerrero Guerrero NNP 32855 107 9 and and CC 32855 107 10 the the DT 32855 107 11 Isthmus Isthmus NNP 32855 107 12 of of IN 32855 107 13 Tehuantepec Tehuantepec NNP 32855 107 14 south south RB 32855 107 15 to to IN 32855 107 16 Guatemala Guatemala NNP 32855 107 17 , , , 32855 107 18 El El NNP 32855 107 19 Salvador Salvador NNP 32855 107 20 , , , 32855 107 21 and and CC 32855 107 22 northern northern JJ 32855 107 23 Nicaragua Nicaragua NNP 32855 107 24 ( ( -LRB- 32855 107 25 A. A. NNP 32855 107 26 O. O. NNP 32855 107 27 U. U. NNP 32855 107 28 Check Check NNP 32855 107 29 - - HYPH 32855 107 30 list list NN 32855 107 31 , , , 32855 107 32 Fifth Fifth NNP 32855 107 33 Edition Edition NNP 32855 107 34 , , , 32855 107 35 1957:469 1957:469 CD 32855 107 36 - - SYM 32855 107 37 470 470 CD 32855 107 38 ) ) -RRB- 32855 107 39 . . . 32855 108 1 In in IN 32855 108 2 the the DT 32855 108 3 United United NNP 32855 108 4 States States NNP 32855 108 5 migrating migrating NN 32855 108 6 birds bird NNS 32855 108 7 are be VBP 32855 108 8 first first RB 32855 108 9 recorded record VBN 32855 108 10 in in IN 32855 108 11 early early JJ 32855 108 12 March March NNP 32855 108 13 ( ( -LRB- 32855 108 14 Cooke Cooke NNP 32855 108 15 , , , 32855 108 16 1909:119 1909:119 CD 32855 108 17 ) ) -RRB- 32855 108 18 . . . 32855 109 1 The the DT 32855 109 2 Bell Bell NNP 32855 109 3 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 109 4 is be VBZ 32855 109 5 a a DT 32855 109 6 relatively relatively RB 32855 109 7 slow slow JJ 32855 109 8 migrator migrator NN 32855 109 9 , , , 32855 109 10 moving move VBG 32855 109 11 primarily primarily RB 32855 109 12 at at IN 32855 109 13 night night NN 32855 109 14 and and CC 32855 109 15 covering cover VBG 32855 109 16 little little JJ 32855 109 17 more more JJR 32855 109 18 than than IN 32855 109 19 20 20 CD 32855 109 20 miles mile NNS 32855 109 21 at at IN 32855 109 22 a a DT 32855 109 23 time time NN 32855 109 24 ( ( -LRB- 32855 109 25 Cooke Cooke NNP 32855 109 26 , , , 32855 109 27 _ _ NNP 32855 109 28 op op NN 32855 109 29 . . . 32855 110 1 cit cit NNP 32855 110 2 . . . 32855 110 3 _ _ NNP 32855 110 4 119 119 CD 32855 110 5 ) ) -RRB- 32855 110 6 . . . 32855 111 1 The the DT 32855 111 2 average average JJ 32855 111 3 date date NN 32855 111 4 of of IN 32855 111 5 arrival arrival NN 32855 111 6 , , , 32855 111 7 based base VBN 32855 111 8 on on IN 32855 111 9 27 27 CD 32855 111 10 records record NNS 32855 111 11 , , , 32855 111 12 for for IN 32855 111 13 northeastern northeastern JJ 32855 111 14 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 111 15 is be VBZ 32855 111 16 May May NNP 32855 111 17 8 8 CD 32855 111 18 ; ; : 32855 111 19 the the DT 32855 111 20 earliest early JJS 32855 111 21 record record NN 32855 111 22 is be VBZ 32855 111 23 April April NNP 32855 111 24 22 22 CD 32855 111 25 , , , 32855 111 26 1925 1925 CD 32855 111 27 , , , 32855 111 28 from from IN 32855 111 29 Manhattan Manhattan NNP 32855 111 30 , , , 32855 111 31 Riley Riley NNP 32855 111 32 County County NNP 32855 111 33 , , , 32855 111 34 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 111 35 ( ( -LRB- 32855 111 36 fig fig NNP 32855 111 37 . . . 32855 112 1 2-A 2-a LS 32855 112 2 ) ) -RRB- 32855 112 3 . . . 32855 113 1 In in IN 32855 113 2 1959 1959 CD 32855 113 3 the the DT 32855 113 4 first first JJ 32855 113 5 bird bird NN 32855 113 6 arrived arrive VBD 32855 113 7 at at IN 32855 113 8 the the DT 32855 113 9 study study NN 32855 113 10 tract tract NN 32855 113 11 about about IN 32855 113 12 May May NNP 32855 113 13 5 5 CD 32855 113 14 . . . 32855 114 1 No no DT 32855 114 2 additional additional JJ 32855 114 3 birds bird NNS 32855 114 4 were be VBD 32855 114 5 heard hear VBN 32855 114 6 singing singe VBG 32855 114 7 until until IN 32855 114 8 the the DT 32855 114 9 third third JJ 32855 114 10 week week NN 32855 114 11 of of IN 32855 114 12 the the DT 32855 114 13 month month NN 32855 114 14 , , , 32855 114 15 in in IN 32855 114 16 which which WDT 32855 114 17 eight eight CD 32855 114 18 new new JJ 32855 114 19 males male NNS 32855 114 20 were be VBD 32855 114 21 noted note VBN 32855 114 22 . . . 32855 115 1 As as IN 32855 115 2 mentioned mention VBN 32855 115 3 , , , 32855 115 4 in in IN 32855 115 5 1960 1960 CD 32855 115 6 field field NN 32855 115 7 work work NN 32855 115 8 was be VBD 32855 115 9 begun begin VBN 32855 115 10 in in IN 32855 115 11 mid mid NNP 32855 115 12 - - NNP 32855 115 13 April April NNP 32855 115 14 and and CC 32855 115 15 the the DT 32855 115 16 study study NN 32855 115 17 area area NN 32855 115 18 was be VBD 32855 115 19 traversed traverse VBN 32855 115 20 daily daily RB 32855 115 21 . . . 32855 116 1 No no DT 32855 116 2 birds bird NNS 32855 116 3 were be VBD 32855 116 4 detected detect VBN 32855 116 5 until until IN 32855 116 6 late late JJ 32855 116 7 afternoon afternoon NN 32855 116 8 of of IN 32855 116 9 May May NNP 32855 116 10 3 3 CD 32855 116 11 , , , 32855 116 12 when when WRB 32855 116 13 one one CD 32855 116 14 , , , 32855 116 15 presumably presumably RB 32855 116 16 a a DT 32855 116 17 male male NN 32855 116 18 , , , 32855 116 19 was be VBD 32855 116 20 seen see VBN 32855 116 21 foraging forage VBG 32855 116 22 . . . 32855 117 1 Lawrence Lawrence NNP 32855 117 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 117 3 1953:50 1953:50 CD 32855 117 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 117 5 has have VBZ 32855 117 6 reported report VBN 32855 117 7 that that IN 32855 117 8 males male NNS 32855 117 9 of of IN 32855 117 10 the the DT 32855 117 11 Red red JJ 32855 117 12 - - HYPH 32855 117 13 eyed eyed JJ 32855 117 14 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 117 15 precede precede NN 32855 117 16 females female NNS 32855 117 17 in in IN 32855 117 18 the the DT 32855 117 19 breeding breeding NN 32855 117 20 area area NN 32855 117 21 by by IN 32855 117 22 as as RB 32855 117 23 much much JJ 32855 117 24 as as IN 32855 117 25 two two CD 32855 117 26 weeks week NNS 32855 117 27 ; ; : 32855 117 28 the the DT 32855 117 29 male male JJ 32855 117 30 Red red JJ 32855 117 31 - - HYPH 32855 117 32 eyed eyed JJ 32855 117 33 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 117 34 forages forage NNS 32855 117 35 but but CC 32855 117 36 sings sing VBZ 32855 117 37 little little JJ 32855 117 38 in in IN 32855 117 39 the the DT 32855 117 40 pre pre JJ 32855 117 41 - - JJ 32855 117 42 nesting nesting JJ 32855 117 43 period period NN 32855 117 44 . . . 32855 118 1 The the DT 32855 118 2 male male NN 32855 118 3 Bell Bell NNP 32855 118 4 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 118 5 arrives arrive VBZ 32855 118 6 first first RB 32855 118 7 at at IN 32855 118 8 the the DT 32855 118 9 breeding breeding NN 32855 118 10 area area NN 32855 118 11 but but CC 32855 118 12 precedes precede VBZ 32855 118 13 the the DT 32855 118 14 female female NN 32855 118 15 by by IN 32855 118 16 only only RB 32855 118 17 a a DT 32855 118 18 few few JJ 32855 118 19 days day NNS 32855 118 20 . . . 32855 119 1 On on IN 32855 119 2 the the DT 32855 119 3 morning morning NN 32855 119 4 of of IN 32855 119 5 May May NNP 32855 119 6 4 4 CD 32855 119 7 the the DT 32855 119 8 first first JJ 32855 119 9 male male NN 32855 119 10 was be VBD 32855 119 11 singing singe VBG 32855 119 12 from from IN 32855 119 13 a a DT 32855 119 14 number number NN 32855 119 15 of of IN 32855 119 16 perches perch NNS 32855 119 17 while while IN 32855 119 18 ranging range VBG 32855 119 19 over over IN 32855 119 20 an an DT 32855 119 21 area area NN 32855 119 22 of of IN 32855 119 23 seven seven CD 32855 119 24 acres acre NNS 32855 119 25 . . . 32855 120 1 This this DT 32855 120 2 area area NN 32855 120 3 encompassed encompass VBD 32855 120 4 territories territory NNS 32855 120 5 later later RB 32855 120 6 occupied occupy VBN 32855 120 7 by by IN 32855 120 8 three three CD 32855 120 9 pairs pair NNS 32855 120 10 , , , 32855 120 11 2 2 CD 32855 120 12 ( ( -LRB- 32855 120 13 1960 1960 CD 32855 120 14 ) ) -RRB- 32855 120 15 , , , 32855 120 16 4 4 CD 32855 120 17 ( ( -LRB- 32855 120 18 1960 1960 CD 32855 120 19 ) ) -RRB- 32855 120 20 , , , 32855 120 21 and and CC 32855 120 22 5 5 CD 32855 120 23 ( ( -LRB- 32855 120 24 1960 1960 CD 32855 120 25 ) ) -RRB- 32855 120 26 . . . 32855 121 1 Late late RB 32855 121 2 on on IN 32855 121 3 the the DT 32855 121 4 afternoon afternoon NN 32855 121 5 of of IN 32855 121 6 May May NNP 32855 121 7 4 4 CD 32855 121 8 the the DT 32855 121 9 first first JJ 32855 121 10 courtship courtship NN 32855 121 11 songs song NNS 32855 121 12 were be VBD 32855 121 13 heard hear VBN 32855 121 14 and and CC 32855 121 15 the the DT 32855 121 16 first first JJ 32855 121 17 male male NN 32855 121 18 was be VBD 32855 121 19 seen see VBN 32855 121 20 with with IN 32855 121 21 a a DT 32855 121 22 mate mate NN 32855 121 23 at at IN 32855 121 24 6:20 6:20 CD 32855 121 25 p.m. p.m. NN 32855 122 1 Eight eight CD 32855 122 2 additional additional JJ 32855 122 3 males male NNS 32855 122 4 arrived arrive VBD 32855 122 5 from from IN 32855 122 6 May May NNP 32855 122 7 6 6 CD 32855 122 8 through through IN 32855 122 9 May May NNP 32855 122 10 18 18 CD 32855 122 11 . . . 32855 123 1 A a DT 32855 123 2 tenth tenth JJ 32855 123 3 male male NN 32855 123 4 was be VBD 32855 123 5 discovered discover VBN 32855 123 6 in in IN 32855 123 7 the the DT 32855 123 8 vicinity vicinity NN 32855 123 9 of of IN 32855 123 10 territory territory NN 32855 123 11 9 9 CD 32855 123 12 ( ( -LRB- 32855 123 13 1960 1960 CD 32855 123 14 ) ) -RRB- 32855 123 15 on on IN 32855 123 16 June June NNP 32855 123 17 18 18 CD 32855 123 18 , , , 32855 123 19 1960 1960 CD 32855 123 20 . . . 32855 124 1 [ [ -LRB- 32855 124 2 Illustration illustration NN 32855 124 3 : : : 32855 124 4 FIG FIG NNP 32855 124 5 . . . 32855 125 1 2 2 LS 32855 125 2 . . . 32855 126 1 Seasonal seasonal JJ 32855 126 2 movement movement NN 32855 126 3 as as IN 32855 126 4 indicated indicate VBN 32855 126 5 by by IN 32855 126 6 the the DT 32855 126 7 curve curve NN 32855 126 8 for for IN 32855 126 9 spring spring NN 32855 126 10 arrival arrival NN 32855 126 11 ( ( -LRB- 32855 126 12 A a NN 32855 126 13 ) ) -RRB- 32855 126 14 , , , 32855 126 15 based base VBN 32855 126 16 on on IN 32855 126 17 the the DT 32855 126 18 earliest early JJS 32855 126 19 dates date NNS 32855 126 20 for for IN 32855 126 21 27 27 CD 32855 126 22 years year NNS 32855 126 23 , , , 32855 126 24 and and CC 32855 126 25 the the DT 32855 126 26 curve curve NN 32855 126 27 for for IN 32855 126 28 autumn autumn NN 32855 126 29 departure departure NN 32855 126 30 ( ( -LRB- 32855 126 31 B b NN 32855 126 32 ) ) -RRB- 32855 126 33 , , , 32855 126 34 based base VBN 32855 126 35 on on IN 32855 126 36 the the DT 32855 126 37 latest late JJS 32855 126 38 dates date NNS 32855 126 39 for for IN 32855 126 40 21 21 CD 32855 126 41 years year NNS 32855 126 42 in in IN 32855 126 43 northeastern northeastern JJ 32855 126 44 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 126 45 . . . 32855 126 46 ] ] -RRB- 32855 127 1 _ _ NNP 32855 127 2 Fall Fall NNP 32855 127 3 Departure Departure NNP 32855 127 4 _ _ NNP 32855 127 5 The the DT 32855 127 6 average average JJ 32855 127 7 date date NN 32855 127 8 of of IN 32855 127 9 departure departure NN 32855 127 10 for for IN 32855 127 11 21 21 CD 32855 127 12 years year NNS 32855 127 13 in in IN 32855 127 14 northeastern northeastern JJ 32855 127 15 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 127 16 is be VBZ 32855 127 17 September September NNP 32855 127 18 3 3 CD 32855 127 19 ( ( -LRB- 32855 127 20 fig fig NN 32855 127 21 . . . 32855 128 1 2-B 2-b LS 32855 128 2 ) ) -RRB- 32855 128 3 . . . 32855 129 1 The the DT 32855 129 2 earliest early JJS 32855 129 3 date date NN 32855 129 4 is be VBZ 32855 129 5 August August NNP 32855 129 6 14 14 CD 32855 129 7 from from IN 32855 129 8 Concordia Concordia NNP 32855 129 9 , , , 32855 129 10 Cloud Cloud NNP 32855 129 11 County County NNP 32855 129 12 , , , 32855 129 13 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 129 14 ( ( -LRB- 32855 129 15 Porter Porter NNP 32855 129 16 , , , 32855 129 17 unpublished unpublished JJ 32855 129 18 field field NN 32855 129 19 notes note NNS 32855 129 20 ) ) -RRB- 32855 129 21 . . . 32855 130 1 The the DT 32855 130 2 latest late JJS 32855 130 3 date date NN 32855 130 4 is be VBZ 32855 130 5 September September NNP 32855 130 6 27 27 CD 32855 130 7 ( ( -LRB- 32855 130 8 Bent bent NN 32855 130 9 , , , 32855 130 10 1950:262 1950:262 CD 32855 130 11 ) ) -RRB- 32855 130 12 from from IN 32855 130 13 Onaga Onaga NNP 32855 130 14 , , , 32855 130 15 Pottawatomie Pottawatomie NNP 32855 130 16 County County NNP 32855 130 17 , , , 32855 130 18 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 130 19 . . . 32855 131 1 In in IN 32855 131 2 1959 1959 CD 32855 131 3 the the DT 32855 131 4 last last JJ 32855 131 5 vireo vireo NN 32855 131 6 was be VBD 32855 131 7 seen see VBN 32855 131 8 at at IN 32855 131 9 the the DT 32855 131 10 study study NN 32855 131 11 tract tract NN 32855 131 12 on on IN 32855 131 13 September September NNP 32855 131 14 14 14 CD 32855 131 15 . . . 32855 132 1 The the DT 32855 132 2 birds bird NNS 32855 132 3 do do VBP 32855 132 4 not not RB 32855 132 5 all all DT 32855 132 6 depart depart VB 32855 132 7 at at IN 32855 132 8 the the DT 32855 132 9 same same JJ 32855 132 10 time time NN 32855 132 11 . . . 32855 133 1 On on IN 32855 133 2 September September NNP 32855 133 3 1 1 CD 32855 133 4 there there EX 32855 133 5 were be VBD 32855 133 6 still still RB 32855 133 7 five five CD 32855 133 8 singing singing NN 32855 133 9 males male NNS 32855 133 10 in in IN 32855 133 11 the the DT 32855 133 12 study study NN 32855 133 13 area area NN 32855 133 14 ; ; : 32855 133 15 by by IN 32855 133 16 September September NNP 32855 133 17 10 10 CD 32855 133 18 there there EX 32855 133 19 were be VBD 32855 133 20 three three CD 32855 133 21 and and CC 32855 133 22 on on IN 32855 133 23 September September NNP 32855 133 24 13 13 CD 32855 133 25 , , , 32855 133 26 only only RB 32855 133 27 one one CD 32855 133 28 . . . 32855 134 1 GENERAL GENERAL NNP 32855 134 2 BEHAVIOR BEHAVIOR NNP 32855 134 3 _ _ NNP 32855 134 4 Flight Flight NNP 32855 134 5 _ _ NNP 32855 134 6 In in IN 32855 134 7 " " `` 32855 134 8 straight straight RB 32855 134 9 - - HYPH 32855 134 10 away away RB 32855 134 11 " " '' 32855 134 12 flight flight NN 32855 134 13 the the DT 32855 134 14 Bell Bell NNP 32855 134 15 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 134 16 undulates undulate VBZ 32855 134 17 slightly slightly RB 32855 134 18 . . . 32855 135 1 In in IN 32855 135 2 a a DT 32855 135 3 typical typical JJ 32855 135 4 flight flight NN 32855 135 5 several several JJ 32855 135 6 rapid rapid JJ 32855 135 7 , , , 32855 135 8 but but CC 32855 135 9 shallow shallow JJ 32855 135 10 , , , 32855 135 11 wing wing NN 32855 135 12 beats beat NNS 32855 135 13 precede precede VBP 32855 135 14 a a DT 32855 135 15 fixed fix VBN 32855 135 16 - - HYPH 32855 135 17 wing wing NN 32855 135 18 glide glide NN 32855 135 19 of of IN 32855 135 20 from from IN 32855 135 21 1 1 CD 32855 135 22 to to IN 32855 135 23 15 15 CD 32855 135 24 feet foot NNS 32855 135 25 in in IN 32855 135 26 length length NN 32855 135 27 . . . 32855 136 1 Because because IN 32855 136 2 the the DT 32855 136 3 wings wing NNS 32855 136 4 are be VBP 32855 136 5 extended extend VBN 32855 136 6 horizontally horizontally RB 32855 136 7 during during IN 32855 136 8 the the DT 32855 136 9 glide glide NN 32855 136 10 , , , 32855 136 11 the the DT 32855 136 12 bird bird NN 32855 136 13 does do VBZ 32855 136 14 not not RB 32855 136 15 move move VB 32855 136 16 distinctly distinctly RB 32855 136 17 above above IN 32855 136 18 or or CC 32855 136 19 below below IN 32855 136 20 the the DT 32855 136 21 plane plane NN 32855 136 22 of of IN 32855 136 23 flight flight NN 32855 136 24 . . . 32855 137 1 The the DT 32855 137 2 White white JJ 32855 137 3 - - HYPH 32855 137 4 eyed eye VBN 32855 137 5 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 137 6 generally generally RB 32855 137 7 appears appear VBZ 32855 137 8 to to TO 32855 137 9 be be VB 32855 137 10 slower slow JJR 32855 137 11 and and CC 32855 137 12 more more RBR 32855 137 13 lethargic lethargic JJ 32855 137 14 in in IN 32855 137 15 flight flight NN 32855 137 16 than than IN 32855 137 17 the the DT 32855 137 18 Bell Bell NNP 32855 137 19 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 137 20 . . . 32855 138 1 In in IN 32855 138 2 the the DT 32855 138 3 breeding breeding NN 32855 138 4 season season NN 32855 138 5 most most JJS 32855 138 6 flights flight NNS 32855 138 7 of of IN 32855 138 8 the the DT 32855 138 9 Bell Bell NNP 32855 138 10 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 138 11 are be VBP 32855 138 12 no no RB 32855 138 13 longer long JJR 32855 138 14 than than IN 32855 138 15 a a DT 32855 138 16 few few JJ 32855 138 17 feet foot NNS 32855 138 18 between between IN 32855 138 19 adjacent adjacent JJ 32855 138 20 shrubs shrub NNS 32855 138 21 and and CC 32855 138 22 trees tree NNS 32855 138 23 , , , 32855 138 24 but but CC 32855 138 25 occasional occasional JJ 32855 138 26 sustained sustained JJ 32855 138 27 flights flight NNS 32855 138 28 are be VBP 32855 138 29 as as RB 32855 138 30 long long JJ 32855 138 31 as as IN 32855 138 32 300 300 CD 32855 138 33 feet foot NNS 32855 138 34 . . . 32855 139 1 The the DT 32855 139 2 birds bird NNS 32855 139 3 fly fly VBP 32855 139 4 as as RB 32855 139 5 low low JJ 32855 139 6 as as IN 32855 139 7 2 2 CD 32855 139 8 feet foot NNS 32855 139 9 above above IN 32855 139 10 ground ground NN 32855 139 11 , , , 32855 139 12 but but CC 32855 139 13 have have VBP 32855 139 14 often often RB 32855 139 15 been be VBN 32855 139 16 observed observe VBN 32855 139 17 as as RB 32855 139 18 high high JJ 32855 139 19 as as IN 32855 139 20 70 70 CD 32855 139 21 feet foot NNS 32855 139 22 above above IN 32855 139 23 the the DT 32855 139 24 ground ground NN 32855 139 25 . . . 32855 140 1 In in IN 32855 140 2 courtship courtship NN 32855 140 3 and and CC 32855 140 4 protracted protract VBD 32855 140 5 territorial territorial JJ 32855 140 6 disputes dispute NNS 32855 140 7 , , , 32855 140 8 where where WRB 32855 140 9 chase chase NN 32855 140 10 between between IN 32855 140 11 sexual sexual JJ 32855 140 12 partners partner NNS 32855 140 13 or or CC 32855 140 14 a a DT 32855 140 15 pair pair NN 32855 140 16 of of IN 32855 140 17 antagonists antagonist NNS 32855 140 18 occurs occur VBZ 32855 140 19 , , , 32855 140 20 looping looping JJ 32855 140 21 flights flight NNS 32855 140 22 are be VBP 32855 140 23 observed observe VBN 32855 140 24 . . . 32855 141 1 The the DT 32855 141 2 wings wing NNS 32855 141 3 are be VBP 32855 141 4 beaten beat VBN 32855 141 5 as as IN 32855 141 6 the the DT 32855 141 7 birds bird NNS 32855 141 8 climb climb NN 32855 141 9 and and CC 32855 141 10 many many JJ 32855 141 11 aerial aerial JJ 32855 141 12 maneuvers maneuver NNS 32855 141 13 are be VBP 32855 141 14 performed perform VBN 32855 141 15 in in IN 32855 141 16 the the DT 32855 141 17 course course NN 32855 141 18 of of IN 32855 141 19 the the DT 32855 141 20 glide glide NN 32855 141 21 . . . 32855 142 1 _ _ NNP 32855 142 2 Foraging Foraging NNP 32855 142 3 and and CC 32855 142 4 Food Food NNP 32855 142 5 Habits Habits NNPS 32855 142 6 _ _ NNP 32855 142 7 The the DT 32855 142 8 Bell Bell NNP 32855 142 9 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 142 10 has have VBZ 32855 142 11 been be VBN 32855 142 12 characterized characterize VBN 32855 142 13 as as IN 32855 142 14 a a DT 32855 142 15 thicket thicket NN 32855 142 16 forager forager NN 32855 142 17 ( ( -LRB- 32855 142 18 Hamilton Hamilton NNP 32855 142 19 , , , 32855 142 20 1958:311 1958:311 CD 32855 142 21 ; ; : 32855 142 22 Pitelka Pitelka NNP 32855 142 23 and and CC 32855 142 24 Koestner Koestner NNP 32855 142 25 , , , 32855 142 26 1942:104 1942:104 CD 32855 142 27 ) ) -RRB- 32855 142 28 , , , 32855 142 29 but but CC 32855 142 30 in in IN 32855 142 31 my -PRON- PRP$ 32855 142 32 experience experience NN 32855 142 33 it -PRON- PRP 32855 142 34 is be VBZ 32855 142 35 not not RB 32855 142 36 restricted restrict VBN 32855 142 37 to to IN 32855 142 38 low low JJ 32855 142 39 level level NN 32855 142 40 strata stratum NNS 32855 142 41 ; ; : 32855 142 42 birds bird NNS 32855 142 43 forage forage VBP 32855 142 44 from from IN 32855 142 45 ground ground NN 32855 142 46 level level NN 32855 142 47 upward upward RB 32855 142 48 , , , 32855 142 49 both both DT 32855 142 50 in in IN 32855 142 51 thickets thicket NNS 32855 142 52 and and CC 32855 142 53 isolated isolate VBN 32855 142 54 trees tree NNS 32855 142 55 ranging range VBG 32855 142 56 in in IN 32855 142 57 height height NN 32855 142 58 from from IN 32855 142 59 3 3 CD 32855 142 60 feet foot NNS 32855 142 61 to to IN 32855 142 62 65 65 CD 32855 142 63 feet foot NNS 32855 142 64 . . . 32855 143 1 The the DT 32855 143 2 tendency tendency NN 32855 143 3 to to TO 32855 143 4 forage forage VB 32855 143 5 at at IN 32855 143 6 higher high JJR 32855 143 7 levels level NNS 32855 143 8 is be VBZ 32855 143 9 in in IN 32855 143 10 part part NN 32855 143 11 dictated dictate VBN 32855 143 12 by by IN 32855 143 13 the the DT 32855 143 14 presence presence NN 32855 143 15 of of IN 32855 143 16 tall tall JJ 32855 143 17 trees tree NNS 32855 143 18 within within IN 32855 143 19 the the DT 32855 143 20 various various JJ 32855 143 21 territories territory NNS 32855 143 22 . . . 32855 144 1 Territories territory NNS 32855 144 2 1 1 CD 32855 144 3 through through IN 32855 144 4 7 7 CD 32855 144 5 ( ( -LRB- 32855 144 6 1960 1960 CD 32855 144 7 ) ) -RRB- 32855 144 8 contained contain VBD 32855 144 9 from from IN 32855 144 10 three three CD 32855 144 11 to to TO 32855 144 12 ten ten CD 32855 144 13 trees tree NNS 32855 144 14 surpassing surpass VBG 32855 144 15 40 40 CD 32855 144 16 feet foot NNS 32855 144 17 in in IN 32855 144 18 height height NN 32855 144 19 . . . 32855 145 1 They -PRON- PRP 32855 145 2 grew grow VBD 32855 145 3 singly singly RB 32855 145 4 or or CC 32855 145 5 in in IN 32855 145 6 small small JJ 32855 145 7 groves grove NNS 32855 145 8 . . . 32855 146 1 The the DT 32855 146 2 Bell Bell NNP 32855 146 3 Vireos vireos RB 32855 146 4 foraged forage VBD 32855 146 5 fully fully RB 32855 146 6 20 20 CD 32855 146 7 per per IN 32855 146 8 cent cent NN 32855 146 9 of of IN 32855 146 10 the the DT 32855 146 11 time time NN 32855 146 12 in in IN 32855 146 13 these these DT 32855 146 14 trees tree NNS 32855 146 15 . . . 32855 147 1 Food food NN 32855 147 2 was be VBD 32855 147 3 sought seek VBN 32855 147 4 throughout throughout IN 32855 147 5 the the DT 32855 147 6 leaf leaf NN 32855 147 7 canopy canopy NN 32855 147 8 . . . 32855 148 1 Behavior behavior NN 32855 148 2 in in IN 32855 148 3 foraging forage VBG 32855 148 4 in in IN 32855 148 5 larger large JJR 32855 148 6 trees tree NNS 32855 148 7 followed follow VBD 32855 148 8 a a DT 32855 148 9 routine routine JJ 32855 148 10 pattern pattern NN 32855 148 11 . . . 32855 149 1 Typically typically RB 32855 149 2 a a DT 32855 149 3 pair pair NN 32855 149 4 alighted alight VBN 32855 149 5 in in IN 32855 149 6 a a DT 32855 149 7 tree tree NN 32855 149 8 at at IN 32855 149 9 a a DT 32855 149 10 height height NN 32855 149 11 of of IN 32855 149 12 15 15 CD 32855 149 13 feet foot NNS 32855 149 14 . . . 32855 150 1 Then then RB 32855 150 2 the the DT 32855 150 3 female female NN 32855 150 4 hopped hop VBD 32855 150 5 to to IN 32855 150 6 a a DT 32855 150 7 perch perch NN 32855 150 8 a a DT 32855 150 9 foot foot NN 32855 150 10 above above IN 32855 150 11 the the DT 32855 150 12 one one NN 32855 150 13 upon upon IN 32855 150 14 which which WDT 32855 150 15 she -PRON- PRP 32855 150 16 landed land VBD 32855 150 17 . . . 32855 151 1 The the DT 32855 151 2 male male NN 32855 151 3 succeeded succeed VBD 32855 151 4 her -PRON- PRP 32855 151 5 to to IN 32855 151 6 the the DT 32855 151 7 perch perch NN 32855 151 8 she -PRON- PRP 32855 151 9 had have VBD 32855 151 10 previously previously RB 32855 151 11 occupied occupy VBN 32855 151 12 . . . 32855 152 1 The the DT 32855 152 2 pair pair NN 32855 152 3 in in IN 32855 152 4 effect effect NN 32855 152 5 spiraled spiral VBD 32855 152 6 around around RB 32855 152 7 some some DT 32855 152 8 large large JJ 32855 152 9 , , , 32855 152 10 essentially essentially RB 32855 152 11 upright upright JJ 32855 152 12 , , , 32855 152 13 branch branch NN 32855 152 14 , , , 32855 152 15 in in IN 32855 152 16 foraging forage VBG 32855 152 17 . . . 32855 153 1 The the DT 32855 153 2 birds bird NNS 32855 153 3 usually usually RB 32855 153 4 reached reach VBD 32855 153 5 higher high JJR 32855 153 6 perches perch NNS 32855 153 7 in in IN 32855 153 8 this this DT 32855 153 9 manner manner NN 32855 153 10 rather rather RB 32855 153 11 than than IN 32855 153 12 by by IN 32855 153 13 flying fly VBG 32855 153 14 upward upward RB 32855 153 15 10 10 CD 32855 153 16 to to TO 32855 153 17 15 15 CD 32855 153 18 feet foot NNS 32855 153 19 to to IN 32855 153 20 them -PRON- PRP 32855 153 21 . . . 32855 154 1 This this DT 32855 154 2 manner manner NN 32855 154 3 of of IN 32855 154 4 progression progression NN 32855 154 5 within within IN 32855 154 6 a a DT 32855 154 7 tree tree NN 32855 154 8 is be VBZ 32855 154 9 reminiscent reminiscent JJ 32855 154 10 of of IN 32855 154 11 a a DT 32855 154 12 similar similar JJ 32855 154 13 habit habit NN 32855 154 14 of of IN 32855 154 15 the the DT 32855 154 16 _ _ NNP 32855 154 17 Cyanocitta Cyanocitta NNP 32855 154 18 _ _ NNP 32855 154 19 jays jay NNS 32855 154 20 . . . 32855 155 1 Presumably presumably RB 32855 155 2 , , , 32855 155 3 the the DT 32855 155 4 habit habit NN 32855 155 5 of of IN 32855 155 6 the the DT 32855 155 7 Bell Bell NNP 32855 155 8 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 155 9 of of IN 32855 155 10 foraging forage VBG 32855 155 11 in in IN 32855 155 12 higher high JJR 32855 155 13 strata strata NN 32855 155 14 is be VBZ 32855 155 15 facilitated facilitate VBN 32855 155 16 by by IN 32855 155 17 the the DT 32855 155 18 absence absence NN 32855 155 19 of of IN 32855 155 20 other other JJ 32855 155 21 species specie NNS 32855 155 22 of of IN 32855 155 23 arboreal arboreal JJ 32855 155 24 foraging forage VBG 32855 155 25 vireos vireos RB 32855 155 26 . . . 32855 156 1 Chapin Chapin NNP 32855 156 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 156 3 1925:25 1925:25 CD 32855 156 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 156 5 found find VBD 32855 156 6 the the DT 32855 156 7 Bell Bell NNP 32855 156 8 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 156 9 to to TO 32855 156 10 be be VB 32855 156 11 more more RBR 32855 156 12 insectivorous insectivorous JJ 32855 156 13 in in IN 32855 156 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 32855 156 15 food food NN 32855 156 16 habits habit NNS 32855 156 17 than than IN 32855 156 18 any any DT 32855 156 19 other other JJ 32855 156 20 North north JJ 32855 156 21 American american JJ 32855 156 22 vireo vireo NN 32855 156 23 . . . 32855 157 1 He -PRON- PRP 32855 157 2 found find VBD 32855 157 3 99.3 99.3 CD 32855 157 4 per per IN 32855 157 5 cent cent NN 32855 157 6 of of IN 32855 157 7 all all DT 32855 157 8 food food NN 32855 157 9 contained contain VBN 32855 157 10 in in IN 32855 157 11 52 52 CD 32855 157 12 stomachs stomach NNS 32855 157 13 to to TO 32855 157 14 be be VB 32855 157 15 of of IN 32855 157 16 animal animal NN 32855 157 17 origin origin NN 32855 157 18 . . . 32855 158 1 Only only RB 32855 158 2 three three CD 32855 158 3 times time NNS 32855 158 4 have have VBP 32855 158 5 I -PRON- PRP 32855 158 6 seen see VBN 32855 158 7 a a DT 32855 158 8 Bell Bell NNP 32855 158 9 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 158 10 take take VB 32855 158 11 food food NN 32855 158 12 of of IN 32855 158 13 vegetable vegetable NN 32855 158 14 origin origin NN 32855 158 15 . . . 32855 159 1 On on IN 32855 159 2 September September NNP 32855 159 3 9 9 CD 32855 159 4 , , , 32855 159 5 10 10 CD 32855 159 6 , , , 32855 159 7 and and CC 32855 159 8 14 14 CD 32855 159 9 , , , 32855 159 10 1959 1959 CD 32855 159 11 , , , 32855 159 12 I -PRON- PRP 32855 159 13 noted note VBD 32855 159 14 a a DT 32855 159 15 male male NN 32855 159 16 eating eat VBG 32855 159 17 wild wild JJ 32855 159 18 cherries cherry NNS 32855 159 19 over over IN 32855 159 20 a a DT 32855 159 21 period period NN 32855 159 22 of of IN 32855 159 23 65 65 CD 32855 159 24 minutes minute NNS 32855 159 25 of of IN 32855 159 26 observation observation NN 32855 159 27 . . . 32855 160 1 Chapin Chapin NNP 32855 160 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 160 3 1925:27 1925:27 CD 32855 160 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 160 5 noted note VBD 32855 160 6 that that IN 32855 160 7 beginning begin VBG 32855 160 8 in in IN 32855 160 9 July July NNP 32855 160 10 vegetable vegetable NN 32855 160 11 matter matter NN 32855 160 12 represented represent VBD 32855 160 13 1.57 1.57 CD 32855 160 14 per per IN 32855 160 15 cent cent NN 32855 160 16 of of IN 32855 160 17 the the DT 32855 160 18 bird bird NN 32855 160 19 's 's POS 32855 160 20 subsistence subsistence NN 32855 160 21 , , , 32855 160 22 and and CC 32855 160 23 thereafter thereafter RB 32855 160 24 slightly slightly RB 32855 160 25 more more JJR 32855 160 26 until until IN 32855 160 27 fall fall VB 32855 160 28 migration migration NN 32855 160 29 . . . 32855 161 1 Animal animal NN 32855 161 2 food food NN 32855 161 3 , , , 32855 161 4 consisting consist VBG 32855 161 5 primarily primarily RB 32855 161 6 of of IN 32855 161 7 insects insect NNS 32855 161 8 and and CC 32855 161 9 spiders spider NNS 32855 161 10 , , , 32855 161 11 is be VBZ 32855 161 12 actively actively RB 32855 161 13 sought seek VBN 32855 161 14 along along IN 32855 161 15 branches branch NNS 32855 161 16 and and CC 32855 161 17 under under IN 32855 161 18 leaves leave NNS 32855 161 19 . . . 32855 162 1 Often often RB 32855 162 2 a a DT 32855 162 3 foraging foraging JJ 32855 162 4 bird bird NN 32855 162 5 will will MD 32855 162 6 leap leap VB 32855 162 7 to to IN 32855 162 8 the the DT 32855 162 9 underside underside NN 32855 162 10 of of IN 32855 162 11 a a DT 32855 162 12 branch branch NN 32855 162 13 and and CC 32855 162 14 hover hover NN 32855 162 15 , , , 32855 162 16 mothlike mothlike UH 32855 162 17 , , , 32855 162 18 beneath beneath IN 32855 162 19 a a DT 32855 162 20 cluster cluster NN 32855 162 21 of of IN 32855 162 22 leaves leave NNS 32855 162 23 while while IN 32855 162 24 extracting extract VBG 32855 162 25 some some DT 32855 162 26 insect insect NN 32855 162 27 . . . 32855 163 1 Some some DT 32855 163 2 individuals individual NNS 32855 163 3 hung hang VBD 32855 163 4 upside upside RB 32855 163 5 down down RB 32855 163 6 on on IN 32855 163 7 small small JJ 32855 163 8 branches branch NNS 32855 163 9 , , , 32855 163 10 paridlike paridlike JJ 32855 163 11 , , , 32855 163 12 while while IN 32855 163 13 foraging forage VBG 32855 163 14 . . . 32855 164 1 Lawrence Lawrence NNP 32855 164 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 164 3 1953:710 1953:710 CD 32855 164 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 164 5 , , , 32855 164 6 and and CC 32855 164 7 Southern southern JJ 32855 164 8 ( ( -LRB- 32855 164 9 1958:201 1958:201 CD 32855 164 10 ) ) -RRB- 32855 164 11 have have VBP 32855 164 12 recorded record VBN 32855 164 13 similar similar JJ 32855 164 14 behavior behavior NN 32855 164 15 of of IN 32855 164 16 the the DT 32855 164 17 Red red JJ 32855 164 18 - - HYPH 32855 164 19 eyed eye VBN 32855 164 20 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 164 21 . . . 32855 165 1 Occasionally occasionally RB 32855 165 2 , , , 32855 165 3 I -PRON- PRP 32855 165 4 have have VBP 32855 165 5 seen see VBN 32855 165 6 a a DT 32855 165 7 Bell Bell NNP 32855 165 8 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 165 9 fly fly VBP 32855 165 10 from from IN 32855 165 11 a a DT 32855 165 12 perch perch NN 32855 165 13 and and CC 32855 165 14 capture capture VB 32855 165 15 an an DT 32855 165 16 insect insect NN 32855 165 17 in in IN 32855 165 18 the the DT 32855 165 19 manner manner NN 32855 165 20 of of IN 32855 165 21 a a DT 32855 165 22 flycatcher flycatcher NN 32855 165 23 . . . 32855 166 1 The the DT 32855 166 2 birds bird NNS 32855 166 3 do do VBP 32855 166 4 not not RB 32855 166 5 appear appear VB 32855 166 6 to to TO 32855 166 7 be be VB 32855 166 8 adept adept JJ 32855 166 9 at at IN 32855 166 10 this this DT 32855 166 11 type type NN 32855 166 12 of of IN 32855 166 13 food food NN 32855 166 14 - - HYPH 32855 166 15 getting getting NN 32855 166 16 . . . 32855 167 1 Nolan Nolan NNP 32855 167 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 167 3 1960:242 1960:242 CD 32855 167 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 167 5 mentions mention VBZ 32855 167 6 Bell Bell NNP 32855 167 7 Vireos vireos RB 32855 167 8 holding hold VBG 32855 167 9 hard hard RB 32855 167 10 - - HYPH 32855 167 11 bodied bodied JJ 32855 167 12 insects insect NNS 32855 167 13 by by IN 32855 167 14 means mean NNS 32855 167 15 of of IN 32855 167 16 their -PRON- PRP$ 32855 167 17 feet foot NNS 32855 167 18 while while IN 32855 167 19 breaking break VBG 32855 167 20 the the DT 32855 167 21 exoskeleton exoskeleton NN 32855 167 22 with with IN 32855 167 23 the the DT 32855 167 24 beak beak NN 32855 167 25 to to TO 32855 167 26 obtain obtain VB 32855 167 27 the the DT 32855 167 28 soft soft JJ 32855 167 29 parts part NNS 32855 167 30 . . . 32855 168 1 Southern southern JJ 32855 168 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 168 3 1958:201 1958:201 CD 32855 168 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 168 5 recorded record VBD 32855 168 6 a a DT 32855 168 7 female female JJ 32855 168 8 Red red JJ 32855 168 9 - - HYPH 32855 168 10 eyed eyed JJ 32855 168 11 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 168 12 foraging forage VBG 32855 168 13 on on IN 32855 168 14 the the DT 32855 168 15 ground ground NN 32855 168 16 ; ; : 32855 168 17 I -PRON- PRP 32855 168 18 have have VBP 32855 168 19 seen see VBN 32855 168 20 a a DT 32855 168 21 Bell Bell NNP 32855 168 22 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 168 23 on on IN 32855 168 24 the the DT 32855 168 25 ground ground NN 32855 168 26 but but CC 32855 168 27 once once RB 32855 168 28 , , , 32855 168 29 and and CC 32855 168 30 it -PRON- PRP 32855 168 31 was be VBD 32855 168 32 gathering gather VBG 32855 168 33 nesting nesting JJ 32855 168 34 material material NN 32855 168 35 . . . 32855 169 1 _ _ NNP 32855 169 2 Bathing Bathing NNP 32855 169 3 _ _ NNP 32855 169 4 On on IN 32855 169 5 May May NNP 32855 169 6 14 14 CD 32855 169 7 , , , 32855 169 8 1960 1960 CD 32855 169 9 , , , 32855 169 10 in in IN 32855 169 11 a a DT 32855 169 12 rill rill NN 32855 169 13 that that WDT 32855 169 14 empties empty VBZ 32855 169 15 into into IN 32855 169 16 the the DT 32855 169 17 northeastern northeastern JJ 32855 169 18 edge edge NN 32855 169 19 of of IN 32855 169 20 the the DT 32855 169 21 reservoir reservoir NN 32855 169 22 a a DT 32855 169 23 female female NN 32855 169 24 flew fly VBD 32855 169 25 down down RB 32855 169 26 from from IN 32855 169 27 a a DT 32855 169 28 perch perch NN 32855 169 29 six six CD 32855 169 30 inches inch NNS 32855 169 31 above above IN 32855 169 32 the the DT 32855 169 33 surface surface NN 32855 169 34 , , , 32855 169 35 barely barely RB 32855 169 36 dipped dip VBD 32855 169 37 into into IN 32855 169 38 the the DT 32855 169 39 water water NN 32855 169 40 , , , 32855 169 41 flew fly VBD 32855 169 42 to to IN 32855 169 43 a a DT 32855 169 44 perch perch NN 32855 169 45 12 12 CD 32855 169 46 inches inch NNS 32855 169 47 above above IN 32855 169 48 the the DT 32855 169 49 water water NN 32855 169 50 , , , 32855 169 51 violently violently RB 32855 169 52 shook shake VBD 32855 169 53 her -PRON- PRP$ 32855 169 54 ruffled ruffle VBN 32855 169 55 body body NN 32855 169 56 feathers feather NNS 32855 169 57 , , , 32855 169 58 quivered quiver VBD 32855 169 59 her -PRON- PRP$ 32855 169 60 wings wing NNS 32855 169 61 , , , 32855 169 62 and and CC 32855 169 63 rapidly rapidly RB 32855 169 64 flicked flick VBD 32855 169 65 her -PRON- PRP$ 32855 169 66 fanned fan VBN 32855 169 67 tail tail NN 32855 169 68 . . . 32855 170 1 The the DT 32855 170 2 entire entire JJ 32855 170 3 procedure procedure NN 32855 170 4 was be VBD 32855 170 5 repeated repeat VBN 32855 170 6 three three CD 32855 170 7 times time NNS 32855 170 8 in in IN 32855 170 9 five five CD 32855 170 10 minutes minute NNS 32855 170 11 . . . 32855 171 1 She -PRON- PRP 32855 171 2 was be VBD 32855 171 3 accompanied accompany VBN 32855 171 4 by by IN 32855 171 5 a a DT 32855 171 6 singing singing NN 32855 171 7 male male NN 32855 171 8 that that WDT 32855 171 9 did do VBD 32855 171 10 not not RB 32855 171 11 bathe bathe VB 32855 171 12 . . . 32855 172 1 Nolan Nolan NNP 32855 172 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 172 3 1960:241 1960:241 CD 32855 172 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 172 5 reports report VBZ 32855 172 6 a a DT 32855 172 7 male male JJ 32855 172 8 Bell Bell NNP 32855 172 9 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 172 10 bathing bathe VBG 32855 172 11 by by IN 32855 172 12 rubbing rub VBG 32855 172 13 against against IN 32855 172 14 leaves leave NNS 32855 172 15 wet wet JJ 32855 172 16 with with IN 32855 172 17 dew dew NN 32855 172 18 ; ; : 32855 172 19 he -PRON- PRP 32855 172 20 notes note VBZ 32855 172 21 that that IN 32855 172 22 the the DT 32855 172 23 White white JJ 32855 172 24 - - HYPH 32855 172 25 eyed eye VBN 32855 172 26 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 172 27 bathes bathe NNS 32855 172 28 in in IN 32855 172 29 a a DT 32855 172 30 similar similar JJ 32855 172 31 manner manner NN 32855 172 32 . . . 32855 173 1 Southern southern JJ 32855 173 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 173 3 1958:201 1958:201 LS 32855 173 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 173 5 twice twice RB 32855 173 6 observed observe VBD 32855 173 7 Red red JJ 32855 173 8 - - HYPH 32855 173 9 eyed eyed JJ 32855 173 10 Vireos Vireos NNP 32855 173 11 bathing bathe VBG 32855 173 12 in in IN 32855 173 13 water water NN 32855 173 14 that that WDT 32855 173 15 dropped drop VBD 32855 173 16 from from IN 32855 173 17 wet wet JJ 32855 173 18 leaves leave NNS 32855 173 19 . . . 32855 174 1 In in IN 32855 174 2 my -PRON- PRP$ 32855 174 3 study study NN 32855 174 4 area area NN 32855 174 5 in in IN 32855 174 6 1960 1960 CD 32855 174 7 , , , 32855 174 8 only only RB 32855 174 9 territories territory NNS 32855 174 10 7 7 CD 32855 174 11 , , , 32855 174 12 8 8 CD 32855 174 13 , , , 32855 174 14 9 9 CD 32855 174 15 , , , 32855 174 16 and and CC 32855 174 17 10 10 CD 32855 174 18 were be VBD 32855 174 19 not not RB 32855 174 20 immediately immediately RB 32855 174 21 adjacent adjacent JJ 32855 174 22 to to IN 32855 174 23 permanent permanent JJ 32855 174 24 water water NN 32855 174 25 . . . 32855 175 1 The the DT 32855 175 2 pairs pair NNS 32855 175 3 of of IN 32855 175 4 Bell Bell NNP 32855 175 5 Vireos Vireos NNP 32855 175 6 in in IN 32855 175 7 those those DT 32855 175 8 territories territory NNS 32855 175 9 presumably presumably RB 32855 175 10 had have VBD 32855 175 11 to to TO 32855 175 12 reply reply VB 32855 175 13 on on IN 32855 175 14 wet wet JJ 32855 175 15 vegetation vegetation NN 32855 175 16 for for IN 32855 175 17 bathing bathe VBG 32855 175 18 . . . 32855 176 1 VOCALIZATIONS vocalizations VB 32855 176 2 The the DT 32855 176 3 male male NN 32855 176 4 Bell Bell NNP 32855 176 5 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 176 6 begins begin VBZ 32855 176 7 to to TO 32855 176 8 sing sing VB 32855 176 9 regularly regularly RB 32855 176 10 soon soon RB 32855 176 11 after after IN 32855 176 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 32855 176 13 arrival arrival NN 32855 176 14 in in IN 32855 176 15 spring spring NN 32855 176 16 . . . 32855 177 1 Some some DT 32855 177 2 daily daily JJ 32855 177 3 singing singing NN 32855 177 4 continues continue VBZ 32855 177 5 following follow VBG 32855 177 6 the the DT 32855 177 7 cessation cessation NN 32855 177 8 of of IN 32855 177 9 breeding breed VBG 32855 177 10 activities activity NNS 32855 177 11 until until IN 32855 177 12 departure departure NN 32855 177 13 of of IN 32855 177 14 the the DT 32855 177 15 species specie NNS 32855 177 16 in in IN 32855 177 17 late late JJ 32855 177 18 summer summer NN 32855 177 19 or or CC 32855 177 20 early early JJ 32855 177 21 fall fall NN 32855 177 22 . . . 32855 178 1 The the DT 32855 178 2 highest highest RBS 32855 178 3 sustained sustained JJ 32855 178 4 rate rate NN 32855 178 5 of of IN 32855 178 6 song song NN 32855 178 7 occurs occur VBZ 32855 178 8 on on IN 32855 178 9 the the DT 32855 178 10 first first JJ 32855 178 11 and and CC 32855 178 12 second second JJ 32855 178 13 days day NNS 32855 178 14 of of IN 32855 178 15 nest nest NN 32855 178 16 building building NN 32855 178 17 . . . 32855 179 1 Because because IN 32855 179 2 careful careful JJ 32855 179 3 records record NNS 32855 179 4 of of IN 32855 179 5 meteorological meteorological JJ 32855 179 6 data datum NNS 32855 179 7 were be VBD 32855 179 8 not not RB 32855 179 9 kept keep VBN 32855 179 10 , , , 32855 179 11 I -PRON- PRP 32855 179 12 can can MD 32855 179 13 not not RB 32855 179 14 significantly significantly RB 32855 179 15 correlate correlate VB 32855 179 16 rates rate NNS 32855 179 17 of of IN 32855 179 18 song song NN 32855 179 19 and and CC 32855 179 20 specific specific JJ 32855 179 21 temperatures temperature NNS 32855 179 22 and and CC 32855 179 23 other other JJ 32855 179 24 weather weather NN 32855 179 25 conditions condition NNS 32855 179 26 . . . 32855 180 1 Frequency frequency NN 32855 180 2 of of IN 32855 180 3 song song NN 32855 180 4 was be VBD 32855 180 5 reduced reduce VBN 32855 180 6 when when WRB 32855 180 7 the the DT 32855 180 8 temperature temperature NN 32855 180 9 rose rise VBD 32855 180 10 above above IN 32855 180 11 90 90 NNP 32855 180 12 ° ° , 32855 180 13 F. F. NNP 32855 180 14 , , , 32855 180 15 as as IN 32855 180 16 it -PRON- PRP 32855 180 17 did do VBD 32855 180 18 on on IN 32855 180 19 many many JJ 32855 180 20 days day NNS 32855 180 21 in in IN 32855 180 22 June June NNP 32855 180 23 , , , 32855 180 24 1960 1960 CD 32855 180 25 . . . 32855 181 1 Nice Nice NNP 32855 181 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 181 3 1929:17 1929:17 NNP 32855 181 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 181 5 mentions mention VBZ 32855 181 6 a a DT 32855 181 7 similar similar JJ 32855 181 8 decrease decrease NN 32855 181 9 in in IN 32855 181 10 singing singe VBG 32855 181 11 when when WRB 32855 181 12 the the DT 32855 181 13 temperature temperature NN 32855 181 14 exceeded exceed VBD 32855 181 15 85 85 NNP 32855 181 16 ° ° , 32855 181 17 F. F. NNP 32855 181 18 Passerine Passerine NNP 32855 181 19 birds bird NNS 32855 181 20 typically typically RB 32855 181 21 sing sing VBP 32855 181 22 at at IN 32855 181 23 a a DT 32855 181 24 high high JJ 32855 181 25 rate rate NN 32855 181 26 throughout throughout IN 32855 181 27 courtship courtship NN 32855 181 28 and and CC 32855 181 29 nestbuilding nestbuilding NN 32855 181 30 , , , 32855 181 31 but but CC 32855 181 32 at at IN 32855 181 33 a a DT 32855 181 34 markedly markedly RB 32855 181 35 lower low JJR 32855 181 36 rate rate NN 32855 181 37 thereafter thereafter RB 32855 181 38 . . . 32855 182 1 Most Most JJS 32855 182 2 vireos vireo NNS 32855 182 3 are be VBP 32855 182 4 atypical atypical JJ 32855 182 5 in in IN 32855 182 6 this this DT 32855 182 7 respect respect NN 32855 182 8 . . . 32855 183 1 In in IN 32855 183 2 the the DT 32855 183 3 study study NN 32855 183 4 area area NN 32855 183 5 in in IN 32855 183 6 1960 1960 CD 32855 183 7 Bell Bell NNP 32855 183 8 Vireos Vireos NNP 32855 183 9 sang sing VBD 32855 183 10 more more RBR 32855 183 11 often often RB 32855 183 12 than than IN 32855 183 13 Robins Robins NNP 32855 183 14 , , , 32855 183 15 Mockingbirds Mockingbirds NNP 32855 183 16 , , , 32855 183 17 Field Field NNP 32855 183 18 Sparrows Sparrows NNPS 32855 183 19 , , , 32855 183 20 Brown Brown NNP 32855 183 21 Thrashers Thrashers NNP 32855 183 22 , , , 32855 183 23 Catbirds Catbirds NNPS 32855 183 24 , , , 32855 183 25 and and CC 32855 183 26 Doves dove NNS 32855 183 27 breeding breed VBG 32855 183 28 in in IN 32855 183 29 the the DT 32855 183 30 same same JJ 32855 183 31 habitat habitat NN 32855 183 32 , , , 32855 183 33 about about IN 32855 183 34 as as RB 32855 183 35 often often RB 32855 183 36 as as IN 32855 183 37 the the DT 32855 183 38 Meadow Meadow NNP 32855 183 39 Larks Larks NNPS 32855 183 40 in in IN 32855 183 41 the the DT 32855 183 42 adjacent adjacent JJ 32855 183 43 fields field NNS 32855 183 44 , , , 32855 183 45 and and CC 32855 183 46 less less RBR 32855 183 47 often often RB 32855 183 48 than than IN 32855 183 49 Painted Painted NNP 32855 183 50 Buntings Buntings NNPS 32855 183 51 . . . 32855 184 1 The the DT 32855 184 2 Bell Bell NNP 32855 184 3 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 184 4 seems seem VBZ 32855 184 5 to to TO 32855 184 6 sing sing VB 32855 184 7 less less RBR 32855 184 8 often often RB 32855 184 9 in in IN 32855 184 10 the the DT 32855 184 11 undisturbed undisturbed JJ 32855 184 12 state state NN 32855 184 13 than than IN 32855 184 14 when when WRB 32855 184 15 aware aware JJ 32855 184 16 of of IN 32855 184 17 the the DT 32855 184 18 presence presence NN 32855 184 19 of of IN 32855 184 20 an an DT 32855 184 21 observer observer NN 32855 184 22 . . . 32855 185 1 Observations observation NNS 32855 185 2 from from IN 32855 185 3 my -PRON- PRP$ 32855 185 4 car car NN 32855 185 5 , , , 32855 185 6 at at IN 32855 185 7 a a DT 32855 185 8 site site NN 32855 185 9 approximately approximately RB 32855 185 10 equidistant equidistant JJ 32855 185 11 from from IN 32855 185 12 territories territory NNS 32855 185 13 1 1 CD 32855 185 14 ( ( -LRB- 32855 185 15 1960 1960 CD 32855 185 16 ) ) -RRB- 32855 185 17 , , , 32855 185 18 2 2 CD 32855 185 19 ( ( -LRB- 32855 185 20 1960 1960 CD 32855 185 21 ) ) -RRB- 32855 185 22 , , , 32855 185 23 4 4 CD 32855 185 24 ( ( -LRB- 32855 185 25 1960 1960 CD 32855 185 26 ) ) -RRB- 32855 185 27 , , , 32855 185 28 and and CC 32855 185 29 6 6 CD 32855 185 30 ( ( -LRB- 32855 185 31 1960 1960 CD 32855 185 32 ) ) -RRB- 32855 185 33 indicate indicate VBP 32855 185 34 that that IN 32855 185 35 the the DT 32855 185 36 rate rate NN 32855 185 37 of of IN 32855 185 38 song song NN 32855 185 39 during during IN 32855 185 40 incubation incubation NN 32855 185 41 is be VBZ 32855 185 42 decidedly decidedly RB 32855 185 43 less less JJR 32855 185 44 when when WRB 32855 185 45 no no DT 32855 185 46 disturbing disturbing JJ 32855 185 47 influence influence NN 32855 185 48 is be VBZ 32855 185 49 present present JJ 32855 185 50 . . . 32855 186 1 Normally normally RB 32855 186 2 , , , 32855 186 3 in in IN 32855 186 4 this this DT 32855 186 5 period period NN 32855 186 6 , , , 32855 186 7 song song NNP 32855 186 8 aids aids NNP 32855 186 9 in in IN 32855 186 10 maintaining maintain VBG 32855 186 11 contact contact NN 32855 186 12 between between IN 32855 186 13 the the DT 32855 186 14 members member NNS 32855 186 15 of of IN 32855 186 16 a a DT 32855 186 17 pair pair NN 32855 186 18 , , , 32855 186 19 serving serve VBG 32855 186 20 to to TO 32855 186 21 locate locate VB 32855 186 22 the the DT 32855 186 23 male male NN 32855 186 24 as as IN 32855 186 25 he -PRON- PRP 32855 186 26 forages forage VBZ 32855 186 27 . . . 32855 187 1 Mumford Mumford NNP 32855 187 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 187 3 1952:230 1952:230 CD 32855 187 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 187 5 noted note VBD 32855 187 6 that that IN 32855 187 7 the the DT 32855 187 8 males male NNS 32855 187 9 often often RB 32855 187 10 came come VBD 32855 187 11 out out RP 32855 187 12 to to TO 32855 187 13 meet meet VB 32855 187 14 him -PRON- PRP 32855 187 15 as as IN 32855 187 16 he -PRON- PRP 32855 187 17 entered enter VBD 32855 187 18 their -PRON- PRP$ 32855 187 19 territories territory NNS 32855 187 20 , , , 32855 187 21 singing singe VBG 32855 187 22 as as IN 32855 187 23 they -PRON- PRP 32855 187 24 approached approach VBD 32855 187 25 . . . 32855 188 1 The the DT 32855 188 2 male male NN 32855 188 3 typically typically RB 32855 188 4 continues continue VBZ 32855 188 5 to to TO 32855 188 6 sing sing VB 32855 188 7 for for IN 32855 188 8 some some DT 32855 188 9 time time NN 32855 188 10 after after IN 32855 188 11 the the DT 32855 188 12 intruder intruder NN 32855 188 13 has have VBZ 32855 188 14 departed depart VBN 32855 188 15 . . . 32855 189 1 Here here RB 32855 189 2 the the DT 32855 189 3 song song NN 32855 189 4 acquires acquire VBZ 32855 189 5 the the DT 32855 189 6 additional additional JJ 32855 189 7 functions function NNS 32855 189 8 of of IN 32855 189 9 alerting alert VBG 32855 189 10 the the DT 32855 189 11 female female NN 32855 189 12 to to IN 32855 189 13 danger danger NN 32855 189 14 and and CC 32855 189 15 threatening threaten VBG 32855 189 16 the the DT 32855 189 17 trespasser trespasser NN 32855 189 18 . . . 32855 190 1 Even even RB 32855 190 2 after after IN 32855 190 3 allowance allowance NN 32855 190 4 is be VBZ 32855 190 5 made make VBN 32855 190 6 for for IN 32855 190 7 this this DT 32855 190 8 reaction reaction NN 32855 190 9 to to IN 32855 190 10 disturbance disturbance NN 32855 190 11 , , , 32855 190 12 Bell Bell NNP 32855 190 13 Vireos vireos RB 32855 190 14 sing sing VBP 32855 190 15 more more RBR 32855 190 16 often often RB 32855 190 17 than than IN 32855 190 18 most most JJS 32855 190 19 of of IN 32855 190 20 their -PRON- PRP$ 32855 190 21 nesting nesting JJ 32855 190 22 associates associate NNS 32855 190 23 , , , 32855 190 24 and and CC 32855 190 25 , , , 32855 190 26 on on IN 32855 190 27 a a DT 32855 190 28 seasonal seasonal JJ 32855 190 29 basis basis NN 32855 190 30 , , , 32855 190 31 they -PRON- PRP 32855 190 32 are be VBP 32855 190 33 vocal vocal JJ 32855 190 34 for for IN 32855 190 35 a a DT 32855 190 36 much much RB 32855 190 37 longer long JJR 32855 190 38 time time NN 32855 190 39 . . . 32855 191 1 _ _ NNP 32855 191 2 Singing Singing NNP 32855 191 3 Postures Postures NNPS 32855 191 4 _ _ NNP 32855 191 5 In in IN 32855 191 6 the the DT 32855 191 7 normal normal JJ 32855 191 8 singing singing NN 32855 191 9 posture posture NN 32855 191 10 the the DT 32855 191 11 body body NN 32855 191 12 of of IN 32855 191 13 the the DT 32855 191 14 Bell Bell NNP 32855 191 15 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 191 16 is be VBZ 32855 191 17 maintained maintain VBN 32855 191 18 at at IN 32855 191 19 an an DT 32855 191 20 angle angle NN 32855 191 21 of of IN 32855 191 22 35 35 NNP 32855 191 23 ° ° NNS 32855 191 24 to to IN 32855 191 25 the the DT 32855 191 26 horizontal horizontal NN 32855 191 27 . . . 32855 192 1 Occasionally occasionally RB 32855 192 2 , , , 32855 192 3 during during IN 32855 192 4 nest nest NN 32855 192 5 building building NN 32855 192 6 , , , 32855 192 7 I -PRON- PRP 32855 192 8 have have VBP 32855 192 9 observed observe VBN 32855 192 10 the the DT 32855 192 11 body body NN 32855 192 12 held hold VBN 32855 192 13 at at IN 32855 192 14 angles angle NNS 32855 192 15 as as RB 32855 192 16 severe severe JJ 32855 192 17 as as IN 32855 192 18 80 80â CD 32855 192 19 ° ° NNS 32855 192 20 from from IN 32855 192 21 the the DT 32855 192 22 horizontal horizontal NN 32855 192 23 . . . 32855 193 1 The the DT 32855 193 2 head head NN 32855 193 3 of of IN 32855 193 4 the the DT 32855 193 5 White white JJ 32855 193 6 - - HYPH 32855 193 7 eyed eye VBN 32855 193 8 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 193 9 is be VBZ 32855 193 10 distinctly distinctly RB 32855 193 11 bobbed bob VBN 32855 193 12 up up RP 32855 193 13 and and CC 32855 193 14 down down RB 32855 193 15 , , , 32855 193 16 two two CD 32855 193 17 or or CC 32855 193 18 three three CD 32855 193 19 times time NNS 32855 193 20 , , , 32855 193 21 during during IN 32855 193 22 the the DT 32855 193 23 utterance utterance NN 32855 193 24 of of IN 32855 193 25 a a DT 32855 193 26 song song NN 32855 193 27 phrase phrase NN 32855 193 28 . . . 32855 194 1 A a DT 32855 194 2 bob bob NNP 32855 194 3 involves involve VBZ 32855 194 4 a a DT 32855 194 5 deliberate deliberate JJ 32855 194 6 withdrawal withdrawal NN 32855 194 7 of of IN 32855 194 8 the the DT 32855 194 9 head head NN 32855 194 10 towards towards IN 32855 194 11 the the DT 32855 194 12 body body NN 32855 194 13 and and CC 32855 194 14 subsequent subsequent JJ 32855 194 15 sharp sharp JJ 32855 194 16 , , , 32855 194 17 almost almost RB 32855 194 18 vertical vertical JJ 32855 194 19 , , , 32855 194 20 extension extension NN 32855 194 21 of of IN 32855 194 22 the the DT 32855 194 23 neck neck NN 32855 194 24 . . . 32855 195 1 The the DT 32855 195 2 head head NN 32855 195 3 of of IN 32855 195 4 the the DT 32855 195 5 Bell Bell NNP 32855 195 6 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 195 7 does do VBZ 32855 195 8 not not RB 32855 195 9 bob bob VB 32855 195 10 , , , 32855 195 11 although although IN 32855 195 12 it -PRON- PRP 32855 195 13 vibrates vibrate VBZ 32855 195 14 as as IN 32855 195 15 the the DT 32855 195 16 song song NN 32855 195 17 is be VBZ 32855 195 18 delivered deliver VBN 32855 195 19 . . . 32855 196 1 _ _ NNP 32855 196 2 Flight Flight NNP 32855 196 3 Song Song NNP 32855 196 4 _ _ NNP 32855 196 5 The the DT 32855 196 6 Bell Bell NNP 32855 196 7 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 196 8 does do VBZ 32855 196 9 not not RB 32855 196 10 have have VB 32855 196 11 a a DT 32855 196 12 distinctive distinctive JJ 32855 196 13 flight flight NN 32855 196 14 song song NN 32855 196 15 ; ; : 32855 196 16 in in IN 32855 196 17 fact fact NN 32855 196 18 , , , 32855 196 19 it -PRON- PRP 32855 196 20 rarely rarely RB 32855 196 21 sings sing VBZ 32855 196 22 or or CC 32855 196 23 calls call NNS 32855 196 24 while while IN 32855 196 25 in in IN 32855 196 26 flight flight NN 32855 196 27 . . . 32855 197 1 Nolan Nolan NNP 32855 197 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 197 3 1960:240 1960:240 CD 32855 197 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 197 5 has have VBZ 32855 197 6 recorded record VBN 32855 197 7 a a DT 32855 197 8 male male NN 32855 197 9 singing singe VBG 32855 197 10 the the DT 32855 197 11 normal normal JJ 32855 197 12 song song NN 32855 197 13 while while IN 32855 197 14 in in IN 32855 197 15 flight flight NN 32855 197 16 . . . 32855 198 1 Sharp sharp JJ 32855 198 2 scold scold NN 32855 198 3 - - HYPH 32855 198 4 notes note NNS 32855 198 5 are be VBP 32855 198 6 uttered utter VBN 32855 198 7 in in IN 32855 198 8 mid mid NN 32855 198 9 - - NN 32855 198 10 air air NN 32855 198 11 when when WRB 32855 198 12 a a DT 32855 198 13 bird bird NN 32855 198 14 is be VBZ 32855 198 15 agitated agitate VBN 32855 198 16 or or CC 32855 198 17 actually actually RB 32855 198 18 attacking attack VBG 32855 198 19 an an DT 32855 198 20 enemy enemy NN 32855 198 21 . . . 32855 199 1 These these DT 32855 199 2 notes note NNS 32855 199 3 and and CC 32855 199 4 songs song NNS 32855 199 5 recorded record VBN 32855 199 6 by by IN 32855 199 7 Nolan Nolan NNP 32855 199 8 hardly hardly RB 32855 199 9 qualify qualify VBP 32855 199 10 as as IN 32855 199 11 flight flight NN 32855 199 12 song song NN 32855 199 13 , , , 32855 199 14 for for IN 32855 199 15 this this DT 32855 199 16 term term NN 32855 199 17 implies imply VBZ 32855 199 18 use use NN 32855 199 19 of of IN 32855 199 20 a a DT 32855 199 21 distinctive distinctive JJ 32855 199 22 vocalization vocalization NN 32855 199 23 not not RB 32855 199 24 uttered utter VBN 32855 199 25 in in IN 32855 199 26 other other JJ 32855 199 27 circumstances circumstance NNS 32855 199 28 . . . 32855 200 1 _ _ NNP 32855 200 2 Daily Daily NNP 32855 200 3 Frequency Frequency NNP 32855 200 4 of of IN 32855 200 5 Song Song NNP 32855 200 6 _ _ NNP 32855 200 7 In in IN 32855 200 8 the the DT 32855 200 9 morning morning NN 32855 200 10 , , , 32855 200 11 Bell Bell NNP 32855 200 12 Vireos Vireos NNP 32855 200 13 usually usually RB 32855 200 14 began begin VBD 32855 200 15 singing singe VBG 32855 200 16 a a DT 32855 200 17 few few JJ 32855 200 18 minutes minute NNS 32855 200 19 before before IN 32855 200 20 sunrise sunrise NN 32855 200 21 . . . 32855 201 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ 32855 201 2 songs song NNS 32855 201 3 were be VBD 32855 201 4 invariably invariably RB 32855 201 5 preceded precede VBN 32855 201 6 in in IN 32855 201 7 the the DT 32855 201 8 study study NN 32855 201 9 area area NN 32855 201 10 by by IN 32855 201 11 those those DT 32855 201 12 of of IN 32855 201 13 Western Western NNP 32855 201 14 Kingbirds Kingbirds NNPS 32855 201 15 , , , 32855 201 16 Robins Robins NNP 32855 201 17 , , , 32855 201 18 Mourning Mourning NNP 32855 201 19 Doves Doves NNP 32855 201 20 , , , 32855 201 21 Mockingbirds Mockingbirds NNPS 32855 201 22 , , , 32855 201 23 Cardinals Cardinals NNPS 32855 201 24 and and CC 32855 201 25 Meadow Meadow NNP 32855 201 26 Larks Larks NNP 32855 201 27 . . . 32855 202 1 Bell Bell NNP 32855 202 2 Vireos Vireos NNP 32855 202 3 sang sing VBD 32855 202 4 relatively relatively RB 32855 202 5 little little JJ 32855 202 6 after after IN 32855 202 7 6:30 6:30 CD 32855 202 8 p.m. p.m. NN 32855 202 9 , , , 32855 202 10 even even RB 32855 202 11 on on IN 32855 202 12 the the DT 32855 202 13 longest long JJS 32855 202 14 days day NNS 32855 202 15 of of IN 32855 202 16 the the DT 32855 202 17 year year NN 32855 202 18 . . . 32855 203 1 The the DT 32855 203 2 latest late JJS 32855 203 3 daytime daytime JJ 32855 203 4 singing singing NN 32855 203 5 that that WDT 32855 203 6 was be VBD 32855 203 7 recorded record VBN 32855 203 8 was be VBD 32855 203 9 seven seven CD 32855 203 10 songs song NNS 32855 203 11 at at IN 32855 203 12 7:18 7:18 CD 32855 203 13 p.m. p.m. NN 32855 203 14 on on IN 32855 203 15 June June NNP 32855 203 16 20 20 CD 32855 203 17 , , , 32855 203 18 1960 1960 CD 32855 203 19 . . . 32855 204 1 A a DT 32855 204 2 Cardinal Cardinal NNP 32855 204 3 in in IN 32855 204 4 the the DT 32855 204 5 vicinity vicinity NN 32855 204 6 sang sing VBD 32855 204 7 for for IN 32855 204 8 a a DT 32855 204 9 full full JJ 32855 204 10 hour hour NN 32855 204 11 after after IN 32855 204 12 this this DT 32855 204 13 . . . 32855 205 1 _ _ NNP 32855 205 2 Types Types NNPS 32855 205 3 of of IN 32855 205 4 Vocalizations Vocalizations NNPS 32855 205 5 _ _ NNP 32855 205 6 Six six CD 32855 205 7 vocalizations vocalization NNS 32855 205 8 were be VBD 32855 205 9 readily readily RB 32855 205 10 distinguishable distinguishable JJ 32855 205 11 in in IN 32855 205 12 the the DT 32855 205 13 field field NN 32855 205 14 . . . 32855 206 1 These these DT 32855 206 2 are be VBP 32855 206 3 divisible divisible JJ 32855 206 4 into into IN 32855 206 5 songs song NNS 32855 206 6 and and CC 32855 206 7 call call VBP 32855 206 8 notes note NNS 32855 206 9 . . . 32855 207 1 1 1 LS 32855 207 2 . . . 32855 208 1 Primary primary JJ 32855 208 2 song song NN 32855 208 3 . . . 32855 209 1 It -PRON- PRP 32855 209 2 has have VBZ 32855 209 3 been be VBN 32855 209 4 described describe VBN 32855 209 5 by by IN 32855 209 6 Pitelka Pitelka NNP 32855 209 7 and and CC 32855 209 8 Koestner Koestner NNP 32855 209 9 ( ( -LRB- 32855 209 10 1942:103 1942:103 CD 32855 209 11 ) ) -RRB- 32855 209 12 as as IN 32855 209 13 an an DT 32855 209 14 " " `` 32855 209 15 irregular irregular JJ 32855 209 16 series series NN 32855 209 17 of of IN 32855 209 18 harsh harsh JJ 32855 209 19 and and CC 32855 209 20 sharp sharp JJ 32855 209 21 , , , 32855 209 22 but but CC 32855 209 23 slurred slurred JJ 32855 209 24 notes note NNS 32855 209 25 preceded precede VBN 32855 209 26 by by IN 32855 209 27 a a DT 32855 209 28 few few JJ 32855 209 29 distinct distinct JJ 32855 209 30 notes note NNS 32855 209 31 of of IN 32855 209 32 the the DT 32855 209 33 same same JJ 32855 209 34 quality quality NN 32855 209 35 and and CC 32855 209 36 ending end VBG 32855 209 37 with with IN 32855 209 38 a a DT 32855 209 39 decided decide VBN 32855 209 40 ascending ascend VBG 32855 209 41 or or CC 32855 209 42 descending descend VBG 32855 209 43 note note NN 32855 209 44 of of IN 32855 209 45 similar similar JJ 32855 209 46 harshness harshness NN 32855 209 47 . . . 32855 209 48 " " '' 32855 210 1 The the DT 32855 210 2 terminal terminal JJ 32855 210 3 note note NN 32855 210 4 may may MD 32855 210 5 also also RB 32855 210 6 be be VB 32855 210 7 somewhat somewhat RB 32855 210 8 abbreviated abbreviate VBN 32855 210 9 and and CC 32855 210 10 intermediate intermediate JJ 32855 210 11 between between IN 32855 210 12 an an DT 32855 210 13 ascending ascending NN 32855 210 14 or or CC 32855 210 15 descending descend VBG 32855 210 16 note note NN 32855 210 17 . . . 32855 211 1 The the DT 32855 211 2 song song NN 32855 211 3 is be VBZ 32855 211 4 sometimes sometimes RB 32855 211 5 delivered deliver VBN 32855 211 6 as as IN 32855 211 7 a a DT 32855 211 8 couplet couplet NN 32855 211 9 that that WDT 32855 211 10 consists consist VBZ 32855 211 11 of of IN 32855 211 12 a a DT 32855 211 13 phrase phrase NN 32855 211 14 ending end VBG 32855 211 15 on on IN 32855 211 16 a a DT 32855 211 17 descending descending JJ 32855 211 18 note note NN 32855 211 19 . . . 32855 212 1 This this DT 32855 212 2 delivery delivery NN 32855 212 3 is be VBZ 32855 212 4 typical typical JJ 32855 212 5 of of IN 32855 212 6 incubation incubation NN 32855 212 7 and and CC 32855 212 8 later later RB 32855 212 9 renesting reneste VBG 32855 212 10 . . . 32855 213 1 During during IN 32855 213 2 early early JJ 32855 213 3 season season NN 32855 213 4 activities activity NNS 32855 213 5 , , , 32855 213 6 the the DT 32855 213 7 bird bird NN 32855 213 8 utters utter NNS 32855 213 9 a a DT 32855 213 10 phrase phrase NN 32855 213 11 ending end VBG 32855 213 12 on on IN 32855 213 13 the the DT 32855 213 14 descending descending NN 32855 213 15 note note NN 32855 213 16 as as RB 32855 213 17 many many JJ 32855 213 18 as as IN 32855 213 19 15 15 CD 32855 213 20 times time NNS 32855 213 21 before before IN 32855 213 22 a a DT 32855 213 23 phrase phrase NN 32855 213 24 ending end VBG 32855 213 25 on on IN 32855 213 26 an an DT 32855 213 27 ascending ascend VBG 32855 213 28 note note NN 32855 213 29 is be VBZ 32855 213 30 heard hear VBN 32855 213 31 . . . 32855 214 1 A a DT 32855 214 2 sonagram sonagram NN 32855 214 3 of of IN 32855 214 4 a a DT 32855 214 5 single single JJ 32855 214 6 phrase phrase NN 32855 214 7 , , , 32855 214 8 one one CD 32855 214 9 of of IN 32855 214 10 several several JJ 32855 214 11 recorded record VBN 32855 214 12 on on IN 32855 214 13 May May NNP 32855 214 14 9 9 CD 32855 214 15 , , , 32855 214 16 1960 1960 CD 32855 214 17 ( ( -LRB- 32855 214 18 the the DT 32855 214 19 third third JJ 32855 214 20 day day NN 32855 214 21 of of IN 32855 214 22 building building NN 32855 214 23 of of IN 32855 214 24 nest nest NN 32855 214 25 1-b 1-b CD 32855 214 26 1960 1960 CD 32855 214 27 ) ) -RRB- 32855 214 28 , , , 32855 214 29 consists consist VBZ 32855 214 30 of of IN 32855 214 31 10 10 CD 32855 214 32 notes note NNS 32855 214 33 , , , 32855 214 34 the the DT 32855 214 35 first first JJ 32855 214 36 of of IN 32855 214 37 which which WDT 32855 214 38 is be VBZ 32855 214 39 distinct distinct JJ 32855 214 40 . . . 32855 215 1 The the DT 32855 215 2 remaining remain VBG 32855 215 3 notes note NNS 32855 215 4 are be VBP 32855 215 5 slurred slur VBN 32855 215 6 . . . 32855 216 1 This this DT 32855 216 2 phrase phrase NN 32855 216 3 is be VBZ 32855 216 4 1.4 1.4 CD 32855 216 5 seconds second NNS 32855 216 6 in in IN 32855 216 7 length length NN 32855 216 8 . . . 32855 217 1 Songs song NNS 32855 217 2 are be VBP 32855 217 3 delivered deliver VBN 32855 217 4 most most RBS 32855 217 5 rapidly rapidly RB 32855 217 6 in in IN 32855 217 7 the the DT 32855 217 8 course course NN 32855 217 9 of of IN 32855 217 10 territorial territorial JJ 32855 217 11 disputes dispute NNS 32855 217 12 and and CC 32855 217 13 defense defense NN 32855 217 14 . . . 32855 218 1 The the DT 32855 218 2 song song NN 32855 218 3 is be VBZ 32855 218 4 loudest loud JJS 32855 218 5 in in IN 32855 218 6 times time NNS 32855 218 7 of of IN 32855 218 8 nestbuilding nestbuilding NN 32855 218 9 and and CC 32855 218 10 periods period NNS 32855 218 11 of of IN 32855 218 12 aggressive aggressive JJ 32855 218 13 behavior behavior NN 32855 218 14 . . . 32855 219 1 At at IN 32855 219 2 these these DT 32855 219 3 times time NNS 32855 219 4 , , , 32855 219 5 on on IN 32855 219 6 clear clear JJ 32855 219 7 , , , 32855 219 8 calm calm JJ 32855 219 9 days day NNS 32855 219 10 , , , 32855 219 11 the the DT 32855 219 12 songs song NNS 32855 219 13 are be VBP 32855 219 14 audible audible JJ 32855 219 15 100 100 CD 32855 219 16 yards yard NNS 32855 219 17 away away RB 32855 219 18 . . . 32855 220 1 Singing singe VBG 32855 220 2 in in IN 32855 220 3 the the DT 32855 220 4 nestling nestle VBG 32855 220 5 period period NN 32855 220 6 and and CC 32855 220 7 post post JJ 32855 220 8 - - JJ 32855 220 9 breeding breeding JJ 32855 220 10 season season NN 32855 220 11 is be VBZ 32855 220 12 audible audible JJ 32855 220 13 at at IN 32855 220 14 distances distance NNS 32855 220 15 of of IN 32855 220 16 no no DT 32855 220 17 more more JJR 32855 220 18 than than IN 32855 220 19 50 50 CD 32855 220 20 feet foot NNS 32855 220 21 ; ; , 32855 220 22 such such JJ 32855 220 23 notes note NNS 32855 220 24 have have VBP 32855 220 25 been be VBN 32855 220 26 termed term VBN 32855 220 27 " " `` 32855 220 28 whisper whisper NN 32855 220 29 songs song NNS 32855 220 30 . . . 32855 220 31 " " '' 32855 221 1 Table table NN 32855 221 2 1 1 CD 32855 221 3 summarizes summarize VBZ 32855 221 4 singing singing NN 32855 221 5 rates rate NNS 32855 221 6 at at IN 32855 221 7 different different JJ 32855 221 8 periods period NNS 32855 221 9 of of IN 32855 221 10 the the DT 32855 221 11 nesting nest VBG 32855 221 12 cycle cycle NN 32855 221 13 in in IN 32855 221 14 several several JJ 32855 221 15 situations situation NNS 32855 221 16 and and CC 32855 221 17 under under IN 32855 221 18 various various JJ 32855 221 19 weather weather NN 32855 221 20 conditions condition NNS 32855 221 21 . . . 32855 222 1 Songs song NNS 32855 222 2 are be VBP 32855 222 3 of of IN 32855 222 4 equal equal JJ 32855 222 5 frequency frequency NN 32855 222 6 in in IN 32855 222 7 the the DT 32855 222 8 immediate immediate JJ 32855 222 9 vicinity vicinity NN 32855 222 10 of of IN 32855 222 11 the the DT 32855 222 12 nest nest NN 32855 222 13 and and CC 32855 222 14 elsewhere elsewhere RB 32855 222 15 in in IN 32855 222 16 the the DT 32855 222 17 territory territory NN 32855 222 18 . . . 32855 223 1 Nice Nice NNP 32855 223 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 223 3 1929:17 1929:17 NN 32855 223 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 223 5 also also RB 32855 223 6 found find VBD 32855 223 7 this this DT 32855 223 8 to to TO 32855 223 9 be be VB 32855 223 10 true true JJ 32855 223 11 . . . 32855 224 1 Perches perch NNS 32855 224 2 can can MD 32855 224 3 be be VB 32855 224 4 almost almost RB 32855 224 5 at at IN 32855 224 6 ground ground NN 32855 224 7 level level NN 32855 224 8 or or CC 32855 224 9 as as RB 32855 224 10 high high JJ 32855 224 11 as as IN 32855 224 12 60 60 CD 32855 224 13 feet foot NNS 32855 224 14 . . . 32855 225 1 Forty forty CD 32855 225 2 per per IN 32855 225 3 cent cent NN 32855 225 4 of of IN 32855 225 5 my -PRON- PRP$ 32855 225 6 data datum NNS 32855 225 7 on on IN 32855 225 8 song song NN 32855 225 9 concern concern NN 32855 225 10 singing singing NN 32855 225 11 at at IN 32855 225 12 heights height NNS 32855 225 13 of of IN 32855 225 14 more more JJR 32855 225 15 than than IN 32855 225 16 20 20 CD 32855 225 17 feet foot NNS 32855 225 18 . . . 32855 226 1 As as IN 32855 226 2 indicated indicate VBN 32855 226 3 in in IN 32855 226 4 foraging forage VBG 32855 226 5 , , , 32855 226 6 the the DT 32855 226 7 lack lack NN 32855 226 8 of of IN 32855 226 9 competition competition NN 32855 226 10 from from IN 32855 226 11 aboreal aboreal NN 32855 226 12 species specie NNS 32855 226 13 of of IN 32855 226 14 vireos vireo NNS 32855 226 15 presumably presumably RB 32855 226 16 contributes contribute VBZ 32855 226 17 to to IN 32855 226 18 the the DT 32855 226 19 use use NN 32855 226 20 of of IN 32855 226 21 higher high JJR 32855 226 22 perches perch NNS 32855 226 23 by by IN 32855 226 24 Bell Bell NNP 32855 226 25 Vireos Vireos NNP 32855 226 26 . . . 32855 227 1 No no DT 32855 227 2 female female JJ 32855 227 3 song song NN 32855 227 4 was be VBD 32855 227 5 recorded record VBN 32855 227 6 in in IN 32855 227 7 1959 1959 CD 32855 227 8 , , , 32855 227 9 but but CC 32855 227 10 on on IN 32855 227 11 May May NNP 32855 227 12 26 26 CD 32855 227 13 , , , 32855 227 14 1960 1960 CD 32855 227 15 , , , 32855 227 16 a a DT 32855 227 17 female female NN 32855 227 18 was be VBD 32855 227 19 heard hear VBN 32855 227 20 to to TO 32855 227 21 sing sing VB 32855 227 22 once once RB 32855 227 23 . . . 32855 228 1 She -PRON- PRP 32855 228 2 appeared appear VBD 32855 228 3 at at IN 32855 228 4 nest nest NN 32855 228 5 1-f 1-f CD 32855 228 6 ( ( -LRB- 32855 228 7 1960 1960 CD 32855 228 8 ) ) -RRB- 32855 228 9 shortly shortly RB 32855 228 10 after after IN 32855 228 11 the the DT 32855 228 12 male male NN 32855 228 13 arrived arrive VBD 32855 228 14 . . . 32855 229 1 Unlike unlike IN 32855 229 2 him -PRON- PRP 32855 229 3 , , , 32855 229 4 she -PRON- PRP 32855 229 5 did do VBD 32855 229 6 not not RB 32855 229 7 participate participate VB 32855 229 8 in in IN 32855 229 9 building building NN 32855 229 10 , , , 32855 229 11 but but CC 32855 229 12 seemed seem VBD 32855 229 13 to to TO 32855 229 14 be be VB 32855 229 15 inspecting inspect VBG 32855 229 16 the the DT 32855 229 17 nest nest NN 32855 229 18 . . . 32855 230 1 After after IN 32855 230 2 30 30 CD 32855 230 3 seconds second NNS 32855 230 4 she -PRON- PRP 32855 230 5 sang sing VBD 32855 230 6 once once RB 32855 230 7 -- -- : 32855 230 8 a a DT 32855 230 9 low low JJ 32855 230 10 garbled garble VBN 32855 230 11 phrase phrase NN 32855 230 12 -- -- : 32855 230 13 and and CC 32855 230 14 also also RB 32855 230 15 scolded scold VBN 32855 230 16 once once RB 32855 230 17 . . . 32855 231 1 After after IN 32855 231 2 this this DT 32855 231 3 she -PRON- PRP 32855 231 4 left leave VBD 32855 231 5 . . . 32855 232 1 In in IN 32855 232 2 the the DT 32855 232 3 meantime meantime NN 32855 232 4 the the DT 32855 232 5 continuously continuously RB 32855 232 6 singing singe VBG 32855 232 7 male male NN 32855 232 8 moved move VBD 32855 232 9 two two CD 32855 232 10 feet foot NNS 32855 232 11 away away RB 32855 232 12 from from IN 32855 232 13 the the DT 32855 232 14 nest nest NN 32855 232 15 , , , 32855 232 16 then then RB 32855 232 17 back back RB 32855 232 18 to to IN 32855 232 19 it -PRON- PRP 32855 232 20 and and CC 32855 232 21 resumed resume VBD 32855 232 22 construction construction NN 32855 232 23 . . . 32855 233 1 The the DT 32855 233 2 song song NN 32855 233 3 of of IN 32855 233 4 the the DT 32855 233 5 female female NN 32855 233 6 signaled signal VBN 32855 233 7 to to IN 32855 233 8 the the DT 32855 233 9 male male JJ 32855 233 10 her -PRON- PRP$ 32855 233 11 departure departure NN 32855 233 12 . . . 32855 234 1 Pitelka Pitelka NNP 32855 234 2 and and CC 32855 234 3 Koestner Koestner NNP 32855 234 4 ( ( -LRB- 32855 234 5 1942:103 1942:103 CD 32855 234 6 ) ) -RRB- 32855 234 7 heard hear VBD 32855 234 8 a a DT 32855 234 9 female female JJ 32855 234 10 sing sing NN 32855 234 11 twice twice RB 32855 234 12 after after IN 32855 234 13 she -PRON- PRP 32855 234 14 replaced replace VBD 32855 234 15 the the DT 32855 234 16 male male NN 32855 234 17 on on IN 32855 234 18 the the DT 32855 234 19 nest nest NN 32855 234 20 . . . 32855 235 1 Females female NNS 32855 235 2 of of IN 32855 235 3 three three CD 32855 235 4 other other JJ 32855 235 5 species specie NNS 32855 235 6 of of IN 32855 235 7 vireos vireo NNS 32855 235 8 , , , 32855 235 9 the the DT 32855 235 10 Black Black NNP 32855 235 11 - - HYPH 32855 235 12 capped cap VBN 32855 235 13 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 235 14 , , , 32855 235 15 _ _ NNP 32855 235 16 V. V. NNP 32855 236 1 atricapillus atricapillus NNP 32855 236 2 _ _ NNP 32855 236 3 ( ( -LRB- 32855 236 4 Lloyd Lloyd NNP 32855 236 5 , , , 32855 236 6 1887:295 1887:295 CD 32855 236 7 ) ) -RRB- 32855 236 8 , , , 32855 236 9 the the DT 32855 236 10 Philadelphia Philadelphia NNP 32855 236 11 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 236 12 , , , 32855 236 13 _ _ NNP 32855 236 14 V. V. NNP 32855 237 1 philadelphicus philadelphicus NNP 32855 237 2 _ _ NNP 32855 237 3 ( ( -LRB- 32855 237 4 Lewis Lewis NNP 32855 237 5 , , , 32855 237 6 1921:33 1921:33 CD 32855 237 7 ) ) -RRB- 32855 237 8 , , , 32855 237 9 and and CC 32855 237 10 the the DT 32855 237 11 Latimer Latimer NNP 32855 237 12 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 237 13 , , , 32855 237 14 _ _ NNP 32855 237 15 V. V. NNP 32855 238 1 latimeri latimeri NNP 32855 238 2 _ _ NNP 32855 238 3 ( ( -LRB- 32855 238 4 Spaulding Spaulding NNP 32855 238 5 _ _ NNP 32855 238 6 in in IN 32855 238 7 _ _ NNP 32855 238 8 Pitelka Pitelka NNP 32855 238 9 and and CC 32855 238 10 Koestner Koestner NNP 32855 238 11 , , , 32855 238 12 1942:103 1942:103 CD 32855 238 13 ) ) -RRB- 32855 238 14 have have VBP 32855 238 15 been be VBN 32855 238 16 heard hear VBN 32855 238 17 singing singe VBG 32855 238 18 . . . 32855 239 1 Lewis Lewis NNP 32855 239 2 and and CC 32855 239 3 Spaulding Spaulding NNP 32855 239 4 also also RB 32855 239 5 suggest suggest VBP 32855 239 6 that that IN 32855 239 7 the the DT 32855 239 8 song song NN 32855 239 9 of of IN 32855 239 10 the the DT 32855 239 11 female female JJ 32855 239 12 functions function NNS 32855 239 13 as as IN 32855 239 14 a a DT 32855 239 15 signal signal NN 32855 239 16 prior prior RB 32855 239 17 to to TO 32855 239 18 exchange exchange NN 32855 239 19 at at IN 32855 239 20 the the DT 32855 239 21 nest nest NN 32855 239 22 . . . 32855 240 1 The the DT 32855 240 2 primary primary JJ 32855 240 3 song song NN 32855 240 4 identifies identify VBZ 32855 240 5 the the DT 32855 240 6 singer singer NN 32855 240 7 as as IN 32855 240 8 a a DT 32855 240 9 male male JJ 32855 240 10 Bell Bell NNP 32855 240 11 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 240 12 . . . 32855 241 1 It -PRON- PRP 32855 241 2 aids aid VBZ 32855 241 3 in in IN 32855 241 4 securing secure VBG 32855 241 5 a a DT 32855 241 6 mate mate NN 32855 241 7 and and CC 32855 241 8 in in IN 32855 241 9 warning warn VBG 32855 241 10 potential potential JJ 32855 241 11 adversaries adversary NNS 32855 241 12 ; ; : 32855 241 13 also also RB 32855 241 14 , , , 32855 241 15 the the DT 32855 241 16 song song NN 32855 241 17 is be VBZ 32855 241 18 a a DT 32855 241 19 signal signal NN 32855 241 20 in in IN 32855 241 21 certain certain JJ 32855 241 22 situations situation NNS 32855 241 23 and and CC 32855 241 24 serves serve VBZ 32855 241 25 to to TO 32855 241 26 locate locate VB 32855 241 27 the the DT 32855 241 28 male male NN 32855 241 29 . . . 32855 242 1 TABLE TABLE NNP 32855 242 2 1 1 CD 32855 242 3 . . . 32855 243 1 REPRESENTATIVE representative NN 32855 243 2 SINGING singe VBG 32855 243 3 RATES rate NNS 32855 243 4 OF of IN 32855 243 5 BREEDING breeding NN 32855 243 6 BELL BELL NNP 32855 243 7 VIREOS VIREOS NNP 32855 243 8 . . . 32855 244 1 ALL all DT 32855 244 2 RATES rate NNS 32855 244 3 WERE be VBD 32855 244 4 AT AT NNP 32855 244 5 AIR AIR NNP 32855 244 6 TEMPERATURES TEMPERATURES NNP 32855 244 7 LESS LESS NNP 32855 244 8 THAN than IN 32855 244 9 86 86 NNP 32855 244 10 ° ° , 32855 244 11 F. F. NNP 32855 244 12 EACH EACH NNP 32855 244 13 INSTANCE INSTANCE NNP 32855 244 14 REPRESENTS REPRESENTS NNP 32855 244 15 APPROXIMATELY APPROXIMATELY NNP 32855 244 16 30 30 CD 32855 244 17 MINUTES minute NNS 32855 244 18 OF of IN 32855 244 19 OBSERVATION observation NN 32855 244 20 . . . 32855 245 1 = = NFP 32855 245 2 = = NFP 32855 245 3 = = SYM 32855 245 4 = = SYM 32855 245 5 = = SYM 32855 245 6 = = SYM 32855 245 7 = = SYM 32855 245 8 = = SYM 32855 245 9 = = SYM 32855 245 10 = = SYM 32855 245 11 = = SYM 32855 245 12 = = SYM 32855 245 13 = = SYM 32855 245 14 = = SYM 32855 245 15 = = SYM 32855 245 16 = = SYM 32855 245 17 = = SYM 32855 245 18 = = SYM 32855 245 19 = = SYM 32855 245 20 = = SYM 32855 245 21 = = SYM 32855 245 22 = = SYM 32855 245 23 = = SYM 32855 245 24 = = SYM 32855 245 25 = = SYM 32855 245 26 = = SYM 32855 245 27 = = SYM 32855 245 28 = = SYM 32855 245 29 = = SYM 32855 245 30 = = SYM 32855 245 31 = = SYM 32855 245 32 = = SYM 32855 245 33 = = SYM 32855 245 34 = = SYM 32855 245 35 = = SYM 32855 245 36 = = SYM 32855 245 37 = = SYM 32855 245 38 = = SYM 32855 245 39 = = SYM 32855 245 40 = = SYM 32855 245 41 = = SYM 32855 245 42 = = SYM 32855 245 43 = = SYM 32855 245 44 = = SYM 32855 245 45 = = SYM 32855 245 46 = = SYM 32855 245 47 = = SYM 32855 245 48 = = SYM 32855 245 49 = = SYM 32855 245 50 = = SYM 32855 245 51 = = SYM 32855 245 52 = = SYM 32855 245 53 = = SYM 32855 245 54 = = SYM 32855 245 55 = = SYM 32855 245 56 = = SYM 32855 245 57 = = SYM 32855 245 58 = = SYM 32855 245 59 = = SYM 32855 245 60 = = SYM 32855 245 61 = = SYM 32855 245 62 = = SYM 32855 245 63 = = SYM 32855 245 64 = = SYM 32855 245 65 = = SYM 32855 245 66 = = SYM 32855 245 67 = = NNS 32855 245 68 = = SYM 32855 245 69 | | CD 32855 245 70 | | NNP 32855 245 71 Average Average NNP 32855 245 72 Circumstance Circumstance NNP 32855 245 73 | | POS 32855 245 74 Instances instance VBZ 32855 245 75 | | CD 32855 245 76 rate rate NN 32855 245 77 per per IN 32855 245 78 | | NNS 32855 245 79 | | CD 32855 245 80 minute minute NN 32855 245 81 ----------------------------------------------+-----------+--------- ----------------------------------------------+-----------+--------- NN 32855 245 82 Attraction attraction NN 32855 245 83 of of IN 32855 245 84 mate mate NN 32855 245 85 | | NNP 32855 245 86 2 2 CD 32855 245 87 | | CD 32855 245 88 6.3 6.3 CD 32855 245 89 Territorial territorial JJ 32855 245 90 dispute dispute NN 32855 245 91 | | CD 32855 245 92 5 5 CD 32855 245 93 | | CD 32855 245 94 12.8 12.8 CD 32855 245 95 Nestbuilding Nestbuilding NNP 32855 245 96 | | NNP 32855 245 97 6 6 CD 32855 245 98 | | CD 32855 245 99 7.0 7.0 CD 32855 245 100 Egglaying Egglaying NNP 32855 245 101 | | CD 32855 245 102 1 1 CD 32855 245 103 | | CD 32855 245 104 3.0 3.0 CD 32855 245 105 Incubation Incubation NNP 32855 245 106 | | NNP 32855 245 107 6 6 CD 32855 245 108 | | CD 32855 245 109 3.9 3.9 CD 32855 245 110 Exchange Exchange NNP 32855 245 111 of of IN 32855 245 112 partners partner NNS 32855 245 113 in in IN 32855 245 114 the the DT 32855 245 115 incubation incubation NN 32855 245 116 period period NN 32855 245 117 | | NNP 32855 245 118 1 1 CD 32855 245 119 | | CD 32855 245 120 4.0[A 4.0[a CD 32855 245 121 ] ] -RRB- 32855 245 122 Foraging forage VBG 32855 245 123 | | CD 32855 245 124 2 2 CD 32855 245 125 | | CD 32855 245 126 2.2 2.2 CD 32855 245 127 " " `` 32855 245 128 Morning Morning NNP 32855 245 129 " " '' 32855 245 130 song song NN 32855 245 131 | | NNP 32855 245 132 1 1 CD 32855 245 133 | | CD 32855 245 134 28.6[A 28.6[a CD 32855 245 135 ] ] -RRB- 32855 245 136 " " `` 32855 245 137 Evening evening NN 32855 245 138 " " '' 32855 245 139 song song NN 32855 245 140 | | CD 32855 245 141 1 1 CD 32855 245 142 | | CD 32855 245 143 1.9[A 1.9[a CD 32855 245 144 ] ] -RRB- 32855 245 145 ----------------------------------------------+-----------+--------- ----------------------------------------------+-----------+--------- NFP 32855 245 146 Over over IN 32855 245 147 - - HYPH 32855 245 148 all all DT 32855 245 149 average average JJ 32855 245 150 rate rate NN 32855 245 151 per per IN 32855 245 152 minute minute NN 32855 245 153 6.3 6.3 CD 32855 245 154 [ [ -LRB- 32855 245 155 A a NN 32855 245 156 ] ] -RRB- 32855 245 157 Not not RB 32855 245 158 sustained sustained JJ 32855 245 159 ; ; : 32855 245 160 data datum NNS 32855 245 161 representative representative NN 32855 245 162 of of IN 32855 245 163 periods period NNS 32855 245 164 less less JJR 32855 245 165 than than IN 32855 245 166 5 5 CD 32855 245 167 minutes minute NNS 32855 245 168 in in IN 32855 245 169 length length NN 32855 245 170 . . . 32855 246 1 2 2 LS 32855 246 2 . . . 32855 247 1 Courtship courtship NN 32855 247 2 song song NN 32855 247 3 . . . 32855 248 1 It -PRON- PRP 32855 248 2 is be VBZ 32855 248 3 here here RB 32855 248 4 termed term VBN 32855 248 5 the the DT 32855 248 6 " " `` 32855 248 7 congested congested JJ 32855 248 8 " " '' 32855 248 9 song song NN 32855 248 10 and and CC 32855 248 11 is be VBZ 32855 248 12 comparable comparable JJ 32855 248 13 to to IN 32855 248 14 the the DT 32855 248 15 adult adult NN 32855 248 16 " " `` 32855 248 17 run run VB 32855 248 18 - - HYPH 32855 248 19 on on IN 32855 248 20 " " `` 32855 248 21 song song NN 32855 248 22 mentioned mention VBN 32855 248 23 by by IN 32855 248 24 Nolan Nolan NNP 32855 248 25 ( ( -LRB- 32855 248 26 1960:240 1960:240 CD 32855 248 27 ) ) -RRB- 32855 248 28 . . . 32855 249 1 The the DT 32855 249 2 congested congested JJ 32855 249 3 song song NN 32855 249 4 is be VBZ 32855 249 5 a a DT 32855 249 6 squeaky squeaky JJ 32855 249 7 version version NN 32855 249 8 of of IN 32855 249 9 the the DT 32855 249 10 primary primary JJ 32855 249 11 song song NN 32855 249 12 and and CC 32855 249 13 is be VBZ 32855 249 14 given give VBN 32855 249 15 when when WRB 32855 249 16 birds bird NNS 32855 249 17 are be VBP 32855 249 18 engaged engage VBN 32855 249 19 in in IN 32855 249 20 pair pair NN 32855 249 21 - - HYPH 32855 249 22 formation formation NN 32855 249 23 , , , 32855 249 24 nestbuilding nestbuilde VBG 32855 249 25 , , , 32855 249 26 and and CC 32855 249 27 egglaying egglaye VBG 32855 249 28 . . . 32855 250 1 The the DT 32855 250 2 delivery delivery NN 32855 250 3 is be VBZ 32855 250 4 rapid rapid JJ 32855 250 5 and and CC 32855 250 6 the the DT 32855 250 7 sound sound NN 32855 250 8 can can MD 32855 250 9 be be VB 32855 250 10 likened liken VBN 32855 250 11 to to IN 32855 250 12 that that DT 32855 250 13 made make VBN 32855 250 14 by by IN 32855 250 15 rapidly rapidly RB 32855 250 16 scraping scrape VBG 32855 250 17 a a DT 32855 250 18 bow bow NN 32855 250 19 across across IN 32855 250 20 a a DT 32855 250 21 taut taut JJ 32855 250 22 violin violin NN 32855 250 23 string string NN 32855 250 24 . . . 32855 251 1 Nolan Nolan NNP 32855 251 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 251 3 _ _ NNP 32855 251 4 in in IN 32855 251 5 _ _ NNP 32855 251 6 Mumford Mumford NNP 32855 251 7 , , , 32855 251 8 1952:230 1952:230 CD 32855 251 9 ) ) -RRB- 32855 251 10 is be VBZ 32855 251 11 probably probably RB 32855 251 12 speaking speak VBG 32855 251 13 of of IN 32855 251 14 this this DT 32855 251 15 song song NN 32855 251 16 when when WRB 32855 251 17 he -PRON- PRP 32855 251 18 describes describe VBZ 32855 251 19 a a DT 32855 251 20 " " `` 32855 251 21 tuneless tuneless NN 32855 251 22 " " '' 32855 251 23 song song NN 32855 251 24 that that IN 32855 251 25 " " `` 32855 251 26 had have VBD 32855 251 27 a a DT 32855 251 28 jerky jerky JJ 32855 251 29 , , , 32855 251 30 sputtering sputtering JJ 32855 251 31 quality quality NN 32855 251 32 that that WDT 32855 251 33 characterizes characterize VBZ 32855 251 34 part part NN 32855 251 35 of of IN 32855 251 36 the the DT 32855 251 37 song song NN 32855 251 38 of of IN 32855 251 39 the the DT 32855 251 40 Ruby Ruby NNP 32855 251 41 - - HYPH 32855 251 42 crowned crown VBN 32855 251 43 Kinglet Kinglet NNP 32855 251 44 ( ( -LRB- 32855 251 45 _ _ NNP 32855 251 46 Regulus Regulus NNP 32855 251 47 calendula calendula NN 32855 251 48 _ _ NNP 32855 251 49 ) ) -RRB- 32855 251 50 . . . 32855 251 51 " " '' 32855 252 1 More more RBR 32855 252 2 recently recently RB 32855 252 3 ( ( -LRB- 32855 252 4 1960:240 1960:240 CD 32855 252 5 ) ) -RRB- 32855 252 6 he -PRON- PRP 32855 252 7 applies apply VBZ 32855 252 8 the the DT 32855 252 9 adjectives adjective NNS 32855 252 10 " " `` 32855 252 11 twanging twanging NN 32855 252 12 , , , 32855 252 13 " " '' 32855 252 14 " " `` 32855 252 15 Bobolink bobolink NN 32855 252 16 - - HYPH 32855 252 17 like like JJ 32855 252 18 , , , 32855 252 19 " " '' 32855 252 20 " " `` 32855 252 21 bubbling bubbling NN 32855 252 22 , , , 32855 252 23 " " '' 32855 252 24 " " `` 32855 252 25 jerky jerky NNP 32855 252 26 , , , 32855 252 27 " " '' 32855 252 28 and and CC 32855 252 29 " " `` 32855 252 30 squeaky squeaky JJ 32855 252 31 . . . 32855 252 32 " " '' 32855 253 1 This this DT 32855 253 2 song song NN 32855 253 3 is be VBZ 32855 253 4 often often RB 32855 253 5 blended blend VBN 32855 253 6 with with IN 32855 253 7 the the DT 32855 253 8 primary primary JJ 32855 253 9 song song NN 32855 253 10 and and CC 32855 253 11 is be VBZ 32855 253 12 audible audible JJ 32855 253 13 for for IN 32855 253 14 75 75 CD 32855 253 15 feet foot NNS 32855 253 16 . . . 32855 254 1 A a DT 32855 254 2 specialized specialized JJ 32855 254 3 version version NN 32855 254 4 of of IN 32855 254 5 the the DT 32855 254 6 congested congest VBN 32855 254 7 song song NN 32855 254 8 is be VBZ 32855 254 9 associated associate VBN 32855 254 10 with with IN 32855 254 11 pre pre JJ 32855 254 12 - - HYPH 32855 254 13 and and CC 32855 254 14 post post JJ 32855 254 15 - - JJ 32855 254 16 copulatory copulatory JJ 32855 254 17 display display NN 32855 254 18 but but CC 32855 254 19 differs differ NNS 32855 254 20 from from IN 32855 254 21 the the DT 32855 254 22 typical typical JJ 32855 254 23 squeaky squeaky JJ 32855 254 24 performance performance NN 32855 254 25 in in IN 32855 254 26 terminating terminate VBG 32855 254 27 in in IN 32855 254 28 two two CD 32855 254 29 ascending ascend VBG 32855 254 30 notes note NNS 32855 254 31 reminiscent reminiscent JJ 32855 254 32 of of IN 32855 254 33 the the DT 32855 254 34 ascending ascend VBG 32855 254 35 phrase phrase NN 32855 254 36 of of IN 32855 254 37 the the DT 32855 254 38 primary primary JJ 32855 254 39 song song NN 32855 254 40 . . . 32855 255 1 3 3 LS 32855 255 2 . . . 32855 256 1 Distress Distress NNP 32855 256 2 call call VBP 32855 256 3 . . . 32855 257 1 It -PRON- PRP 32855 257 2 was be VBD 32855 257 3 heard hear VBN 32855 257 4 only only RB 32855 257 5 once once RB 32855 257 6 , , , 32855 257 7 when when WRB 32855 257 8 a a DT 32855 257 9 captured capture VBN 32855 257 10 bird bird NN 32855 257 11 was be VBD 32855 257 12 being be VBG 32855 257 13 freed free VBN 32855 257 14 from from IN 32855 257 15 a a DT 32855 257 16 net net NN 32855 257 17 . . . 32855 258 1 When when WRB 32855 258 2 the the DT 32855 258 3 bird bird NN 32855 258 4 was be VBD 32855 258 5 almost almost RB 32855 258 6 disentangled disentangle VBN 32855 258 7 it -PRON- PRP 32855 258 8 uttered utter VBD 32855 258 9 10 10 CD 32855 258 10 high high RB 32855 258 11 - - HYPH 32855 258 12 pitched pitched JJ 32855 258 13 , , , 32855 258 14 plaintive plaintive JJ 32855 258 15 notes note NNS 32855 258 16 . . . 32855 259 1 The the DT 32855 259 2 quality quality NN 32855 259 3 of of IN 32855 259 4 the the DT 32855 259 5 notes note NNS 32855 259 6 suggested suggest VBD 32855 259 7 a a DT 32855 259 8 relationship relationship NN 32855 259 9 to to IN 32855 259 10 the the DT 32855 259 11 song song NNP 32855 259 12 phrase phrase NN 32855 259 13 rather rather RB 32855 259 14 than than IN 32855 259 15 to to IN 32855 259 16 other other JJ 32855 259 17 types type NNS 32855 259 18 of of IN 32855 259 19 vocalization vocalization NN 32855 259 20 . . . 32855 260 1 A a DT 32855 260 2 nesting nesting JJ 32855 260 3 pair pair NN 32855 260 4 of of IN 32855 260 5 Bell Bell NNP 32855 260 6 Vireos Vireos NNP 32855 260 7 , , , 32855 260 8 10 10 CD 32855 260 9 feet foot NNS 32855 260 10 away away RB 32855 260 11 , , , 32855 260 12 became become VBD 32855 260 13 extremely extremely RB 32855 260 14 excited excited JJ 32855 260 15 when when WRB 32855 260 16 they -PRON- PRP 32855 260 17 heard hear VBD 32855 260 18 the the DT 32855 260 19 distress distress NN 32855 260 20 notes note NNS 32855 260 21 . . . 32855 261 1 They -PRON- PRP 32855 261 2 " " `` 32855 261 3 scolded scold VBD 32855 261 4 " " '' 32855 261 5 vigorously vigorously RB 32855 261 6 and and CC 32855 261 7 flew fly VBD 32855 261 8 around around IN 32855 261 9 my -PRON- PRP$ 32855 261 10 head head NN 32855 261 11 at at IN 32855 261 12 a a DT 32855 261 13 distance distance NN 32855 261 14 of of IN 32855 261 15 six six CD 32855 261 16 feet foot NNS 32855 261 17 . . . 32855 262 1 4 4 LS 32855 262 2 . . . 32855 263 1 Alarm alarm NN 32855 263 2 note note NN 32855 263 3 . . . 32855 264 1 This this DT 32855 264 2 is be VBZ 32855 264 3 a a DT 32855 264 4 specialized specialized JJ 32855 264 5 , , , 32855 264 6 three three CD 32855 264 7 - - HYPH 32855 264 8 note note NN 32855 264 9 call call NN 32855 264 10 of of IN 32855 264 11 the the DT 32855 264 12 male male NN 32855 264 13 and and CC 32855 264 14 was be VBD 32855 264 15 heard hear VBN 32855 264 16 only only RB 32855 264 17 from from IN 32855 264 18 the the DT 32855 264 19 onset onset NN 32855 264 20 of of IN 32855 264 21 pair pair NN 32855 264 22 - - HYPH 32855 264 23 formation formation NN 32855 264 24 through through IN 32855 264 25 early early JJ 32855 264 26 nestbuilding nestbuilding NN 32855 264 27 . . . 32855 265 1 This this DT 32855 265 2 whinnying whinnying NN 32855 265 3 , , , 32855 265 4 flickerlike flickerlike NN 32855 265 5 call call NN 32855 265 6 , , , 32855 265 7 phonetically phonetically RB 32855 265 8 _ _ NNP 32855 265 9 eh eh UH 32855 265 10 - - HYPH 32855 265 11 eH eH NNP 32855 265 12 - - HYPH 32855 265 13 EH EH NNP 32855 265 14 _ _ NNP 32855 265 15 , , , 32855 265 16 each each DT 32855 265 17 succeeding succeed VBG 32855 265 18 note note NN 32855 265 19 of of IN 32855 265 20 which which WDT 32855 265 21 is be VBZ 32855 265 22 louder loud JJR 32855 265 23 than than IN 32855 265 24 the the DT 32855 265 25 one one NN 32855 265 26 before before RB 32855 265 27 , , , 32855 265 28 is be VBZ 32855 265 29 given give VBN 32855 265 30 whenever whenever WRB 32855 265 31 the the DT 32855 265 32 male male NN 32855 265 33 is be VBZ 32855 265 34 disturbed disturb VBN 32855 265 35 by by IN 32855 265 36 an an DT 32855 265 37 unfamiliar unfamiliar JJ 32855 265 38 object object NN 32855 265 39 . . . 32855 266 1 This this DT 32855 266 2 call call NN 32855 266 3 is be VBZ 32855 266 4 generally generally RB 32855 266 5 succeeded succeed VBN 32855 266 6 by by IN 32855 266 7 the the DT 32855 266 8 _ _ NNP 32855 266 9 chee chee NNP 32855 266 10 _ _ NNP 32855 266 11 , , , 32855 266 12 but but CC 32855 266 13 occasionally occasionally RB 32855 266 14 blends blend VBZ 32855 266 15 into into IN 32855 266 16 an an DT 32855 266 17 extended extended JJ 32855 266 18 " " `` 32855 266 19 whinny whinny JJ 32855 266 20 , , , 32855 266 21 " " '' 32855 266 22 and and CC 32855 266 23 is be VBZ 32855 266 24 typically typically RB 32855 266 25 given give VBN 32855 266 26 from from IN 32855 266 27 some some DT 32855 266 28 perch perch NN 32855 266 29 affording afford VBG 32855 266 30 an an DT 32855 266 31 unobstructed unobstructed JJ 32855 266 32 view view NN 32855 266 33 of of IN 32855 266 34 the the DT 32855 266 35 offending offend VBG 32855 266 36 object object NN 32855 266 37 . . . 32855 267 1 The the DT 32855 267 2 male male NN 32855 267 3 stretches stretch VBZ 32855 267 4 his -PRON- PRP$ 32855 267 5 neck neck NN 32855 267 6 and and CC 32855 267 7 cocks cock VBZ 32855 267 8 his -PRON- PRP$ 32855 267 9 head head NN 32855 267 10 , , , 32855 267 11 the the DT 32855 267 12 wings wing NNS 32855 267 13 and and CC 32855 267 14 tail tail NN 32855 267 15 are be VBP 32855 267 16 not not RB 32855 267 17 flicked flick VBN 32855 267 18 or or CC 32855 267 19 fanned fan VBN 32855 267 20 , , , 32855 267 21 and and CC 32855 267 22 no no DT 32855 267 23 feather feather NN 32855 267 24 tracts tract NNS 32855 267 25 are be VBP 32855 267 26 erected erect VBN 32855 267 27 . . . 32855 268 1 The the DT 32855 268 2 bird bird NN 32855 268 3 , , , 32855 268 4 nevertheless nevertheless RB 32855 268 5 , , , 32855 268 6 flits flit NNS 32855 268 7 nervously nervously RB 32855 268 8 from from IN 32855 268 9 perch perch NN 32855 268 10 to to IN 32855 268 11 perch perch VB 32855 268 12 when when WRB 32855 268 13 uttering utter VBG 32855 268 14 the the DT 32855 268 15 call call NN 32855 268 16 . . . 32855 269 1 5 5 CD 32855 269 2 . . . 32855 270 1 The the DT 32855 270 2 _ _ NNP 32855 270 3 zip zip NN 32855 270 4 _ _ NNP 32855 270 5 . . . 32855 271 1 The the DT 32855 271 2 male male NN 32855 271 3 has have VBZ 32855 271 4 a a DT 32855 271 5 special special JJ 32855 271 6 " " `` 32855 271 7 scold scold NN 32855 271 8 " " '' 32855 271 9 note note NN 32855 271 10 of of IN 32855 271 11 his -PRON- PRP$ 32855 271 12 own own JJ 32855 271 13 that that WDT 32855 271 14 is be VBZ 32855 271 15 heard hear VBN 32855 271 16 when when WRB 32855 271 17 an an DT 32855 271 18 intruder intruder NN 32855 271 19 first first RB 32855 271 20 approaches approach VBZ 32855 271 21 the the DT 32855 271 22 nest nest NN 32855 271 23 . . . 32855 272 1 Phonetically phonetically RB 32855 272 2 it -PRON- PRP 32855 272 3 is be VBZ 32855 272 4 _ _ NNP 32855 272 5 zip zip NNP 32855 272 6 - - HYPH 32855 272 7 zip zip NN 32855 272 8 - - HYPH 32855 272 9 zip zip NN 32855 272 10 _ _ NNP 32855 272 11 . . . 32855 273 1 It -PRON- PRP 32855 273 2 is be VBZ 32855 273 3 not not RB 32855 273 4 so so RB 32855 273 5 loud loud JJ 32855 273 6 as as IN 32855 273 7 the the DT 32855 273 8 _ _ NNP 32855 273 9 chee chee NN 32855 273 10 _ _ NNP 32855 273 11 , , , 32855 273 12 and and CC 32855 273 13 the the DT 32855 273 14 delivery delivery NN 32855 273 15 is be VBZ 32855 273 16 more more RBR 32855 273 17 deliberate deliberate JJ 32855 273 18 than than IN 32855 273 19 that that DT 32855 273 20 note note NN 32855 273 21 . . . 32855 274 1 If if IN 32855 274 2 the the DT 32855 274 3 intruder intruder NN 32855 274 4 remains remain VBZ 32855 274 5 near near IN 32855 274 6 the the DT 32855 274 7 nest nest NN 32855 274 8 , , , 32855 274 9 the the DT 32855 274 10 _ _ NNP 32855 274 11 zip zip NNP 32855 274 12 _ _ NNP 32855 274 13 is be VBZ 32855 274 14 usually usually RB 32855 274 15 replaced replace VBN 32855 274 16 by by IN 32855 274 17 the the DT 32855 274 18 _ _ NNP 32855 274 19 chee chee NNP 32855 274 20 _ _ NNP 32855 274 21 . . . 32855 275 1 6 6 CD 32855 275 2 . . . 32855 276 1 The the DT 32855 276 2 generalized generalized JJ 32855 276 3 call call NN 32855 276 4 note note NN 32855 276 5 or or CC 32855 276 6 _ _ NNP 32855 276 7 chee chee NNP 32855 276 8 _ _ NNP 32855 276 9 . . . 32855 277 1 The the DT 32855 277 2 call call NN 32855 277 3 notes note NNS 32855 277 4 associated associate VBN 32855 277 5 with with IN 32855 277 6 several several JJ 32855 277 7 situations situation NNS 32855 277 8 are be VBP 32855 277 9 combined combine VBN 32855 277 10 under under IN 32855 277 11 this this DT 32855 277 12 subheading subheading NN 32855 277 13 since since IN 32855 277 14 all all DT 32855 277 15 can can MD 32855 277 16 be be VB 32855 277 17 rendered render VBN 32855 277 18 in in IN 32855 277 19 English English NNP 32855 277 20 by by IN 32855 277 21 the the DT 32855 277 22 same same JJ 32855 277 23 phonetic phonetic NN 32855 277 24 equivalent--_chee equivalent--_chee NNP 32855 277 25 _ _ NNP 32855 277 26 . . . 32855 278 1 The the DT 32855 278 2 _ _ NNP 32855 278 3 chee chee NN 32855 278 4 _ _ NNP 32855 278 5 associated associate VBD 32855 278 6 with with IN 32855 278 7 nestbuilding nestbuilding NN 32855 278 8 is be VBZ 32855 278 9 of of IN 32855 278 10 moderate moderate JJ 32855 278 11 pitch pitch NN 32855 278 12 and and CC 32855 278 13 delivered deliver VBD 32855 278 14 deliberately deliberately RB 32855 278 15 at at IN 32855 278 16 a a DT 32855 278 17 rate rate NN 32855 278 18 of of IN 32855 278 19 about about RB 32855 278 20 40 40 CD 32855 278 21 per per IN 32855 278 22 minute minute NN 32855 278 23 . . . 32855 279 1 The the DT 32855 279 2 feeding feeding NN 32855 279 3 call call NN 32855 279 4 of of IN 32855 279 5 the the DT 32855 279 6 adults adult NNS 32855 279 7 is be VBZ 32855 279 8 a a DT 32855 279 9 soft soft JJ 32855 279 10 slurred slur VBN 32855 279 11 _ _ NNP 32855 279 12 chee chee NNP 32855 279 13 _ _ NNP 32855 279 14 , , , 32855 279 15 while while IN 32855 279 16 that that DT 32855 279 17 of of IN 32855 279 18 the the DT 32855 279 19 nestlings nestling NNS 32855 279 20 has have VBZ 32855 279 21 a a DT 32855 279 22 mewing mew VBG 32855 279 23 quality quality NN 32855 279 24 . . . 32855 280 1 In in IN 32855 280 2 general general JJ 32855 280 3 , , , 32855 280 4 the the DT 32855 280 5 _ _ NNP 32855 280 6 chee chee NNP 32855 280 7 _ _ NNP 32855 280 8 utilized utilize VBN 32855 280 9 in in IN 32855 280 10 signal signal JJ 32855 280 11 situations situation NNS 32855 280 12 consists consist VBZ 32855 280 13 of of IN 32855 280 14 a a DT 32855 280 15 few few JJ 32855 280 16 repetitions repetition NNS 32855 280 17 of of IN 32855 280 18 the the DT 32855 280 19 basic basic JJ 32855 280 20 note note NN 32855 280 21 emitted emit VBD 32855 280 22 at at IN 32855 280 23 a a DT 32855 280 24 moderate moderate JJ 32855 280 25 pitch pitch NN 32855 280 26 . . . 32855 281 1 The the DT 32855 281 2 _ _ NNP 32855 281 3 chee chee NN 32855 281 4 _ _ NNP 32855 281 5 associated associate VBD 32855 281 6 with with IN 32855 281 7 hostile hostile JJ 32855 281 8 and and CC 32855 281 9 courtship courtship NN 32855 281 10 behavior behavior NN 32855 281 11 is be VBZ 32855 281 12 higher higher RBR 32855 281 13 pitched pitch VBN 32855 281 14 and and CC 32855 281 15 the the DT 32855 281 16 delivery delivery NN 32855 281 17 is be VBZ 32855 281 18 much much RB 32855 281 19 more more RBR 32855 281 20 rapid rapid JJ 32855 281 21 , , , 32855 281 22 approximately approximately RB 32855 281 23 200 200 CD 32855 281 24 per per IN 32855 281 25 minute minute NN 32855 281 26 . . . 32855 282 1 Nolan Nolan NNP 32855 282 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 282 3 1960:240 1960:240 CD 32855 282 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 282 5 reports report VBZ 32855 282 6 a a DT 32855 282 7 continuous continuous JJ 32855 282 8 rate rate NN 32855 282 9 of of IN 32855 282 10 25 25 CD 32855 282 11 per per IN 32855 282 12 five five CD 32855 282 13 seconds second NNS 32855 282 14 when when WRB 32855 282 15 an an DT 32855 282 16 adult adult NN 32855 282 17 Bell Bell NNP 32855 282 18 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 282 19 is be VBZ 32855 282 20 alarmed alarm VBN 32855 282 21 . . . 32855 283 1 The the DT 32855 283 2 _ _ NNP 32855 283 3 chee chee NN 32855 283 4 _ _ NNP 32855 283 5 of of IN 32855 283 6 extreme extreme JJ 32855 283 7 anxiety anxiety NN 32855 283 8 is be VBZ 32855 283 9 a a DT 32855 283 10 loud loud JJ 32855 283 11 emphatic emphatic JJ 32855 283 12 buzz buzz NN 32855 283 13 , , , 32855 283 14 phonetically phonetically RB 32855 283 15 ZZ ZZ NNP 32855 283 16 - - HYPH 32855 283 17 ZZ ZZ NNP 32855 283 18 - - HYPH 32855 283 19 ZZ ZZ NNP 32855 283 20 - - HYPH 32855 283 21 ZZ ZZ NNP 32855 283 22 . . . 32855 284 1 TERRITORIALITY TERRITORIALITY NNP 32855 284 2 The the DT 32855 284 3 Bell Bell NNP 32855 284 4 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 284 5 exhibits exhibit VBZ 32855 284 6 " " `` 32855 284 7 classic classic JJ 32855 284 8 " " '' 32855 284 9 passerine passerine JJ 32855 284 10 territoriality territoriality NN 32855 284 11 . . . 32855 285 1 Within within IN 32855 285 2 a a DT 32855 285 3 specific specific JJ 32855 285 4 area area NN 32855 285 5 , , , 32855 285 6 a a DT 32855 285 7 pair pair NN 32855 285 8 of of IN 32855 285 9 this this DT 32855 285 10 species species NN 32855 285 11 carries carry VBZ 32855 285 12 out out RP 32855 285 13 pair pair NN 32855 285 14 - - HYPH 32855 285 15 formation formation NN 32855 285 16 , , , 32855 285 17 courtship courtship NN 32855 285 18 activities activity NNS 32855 285 19 , , , 32855 285 20 copulation copulation NN 32855 285 21 , , , 32855 285 22 nesting nesting NN 32855 285 23 , , , 32855 285 24 rearing rear VBG 32855 285 25 the the DT 32855 285 26 young young JJ 32855 285 27 , , , 32855 285 28 and and CC 32855 285 29 foraging forage VBG 32855 285 30 . . . 32855 286 1 With with IN 32855 286 2 the the DT 32855 286 3 cessation cessation NN 32855 286 4 of of IN 32855 286 5 reproductive reproductive JJ 32855 286 6 activities activity NNS 32855 286 7 , , , 32855 286 8 a a DT 32855 286 9 pair pair NN 32855 286 10 continues continue VBZ 32855 286 11 to to TO 32855 286 12 restrict restrict VB 32855 286 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 32855 286 14 other other JJ 32855 286 15 daily daily JJ 32855 286 16 activities activity NNS 32855 286 17 to to IN 32855 286 18 the the DT 32855 286 19 same same JJ 32855 286 20 general general JJ 32855 286 21 area area NN 32855 286 22 . . . 32855 287 1 _ _ NNP 32855 287 2 Establishment Establishment NNP 32855 287 3 of of IN 32855 287 4 Territory Territory NNP 32855 287 5 _ _ NNP 32855 287 6 In in IN 32855 287 7 early early JJ 32855 287 8 May May MD 32855 287 9 the the DT 32855 287 10 segment segment NN 32855 287 11 of of IN 32855 287 12 the the DT 32855 287 13 total total JJ 32855 287 14 suitable suitable JJ 32855 287 15 habitat habitat NN 32855 287 16 within within IN 32855 287 17 which which WDT 32855 287 18 a a DT 32855 287 19 Bell Bell NNP 32855 287 20 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 287 21 restricts restrict VBZ 32855 287 22 its -PRON- PRP$ 32855 287 23 activities activity NNS 32855 287 24 is be VBZ 32855 287 25 not not RB 32855 287 26 rigidly rigidly RB 32855 287 27 defined define VBN 32855 287 28 and and CC 32855 287 29 the the DT 32855 287 30 first first JJ 32855 287 31 male male NN 32855 287 32 of of IN 32855 287 33 the the DT 32855 287 34 season season NN 32855 287 35 ranges range VBZ 32855 287 36 over over IN 32855 287 37 an an DT 32855 287 38 area area NN 32855 287 39 too too RB 32855 287 40 large large JJ 32855 287 41 to to TO 32855 287 42 be be VB 32855 287 43 maintained maintain VBN 32855 287 44 permanently permanently RB 32855 287 45 -- -- : 32855 287 46 one one NN 32855 287 47 that that WDT 32855 287 48 seems seem VBZ 32855 287 49 greatly greatly RB 32855 287 50 to to TO 32855 287 51 exceed exceed VB 32855 287 52 the the DT 32855 287 53 needs need NNS 32855 287 54 of of IN 32855 287 55 breeding breeding NN 32855 287 56 . . . 32855 288 1 Male male NN 32855 288 2 1 1 CD 32855 288 3 ( ( -LRB- 32855 288 4 1960 1960 CD 32855 288 5 ) ) -RRB- 32855 288 6 , , , 32855 288 7 for for IN 32855 288 8 instance instance NN 32855 288 9 , , , 32855 288 10 was be VBD 32855 288 11 first first RB 32855 288 12 seen see VBN 32855 288 13 foraging forage VBG 32855 288 14 over over IN 32855 288 15 an an DT 32855 288 16 area area NN 32855 288 17 of of IN 32855 288 18 approximately approximately RB 32855 288 19 seven seven CD 32855 288 20 acres acre NNS 32855 288 21 . . . 32855 289 1 With with IN 32855 289 2 the the DT 32855 289 3 influx influx NN 32855 289 4 of of IN 32855 289 5 other other JJ 32855 289 6 males male NNS 32855 289 7 , , , 32855 289 8 portions portion NNS 32855 289 9 of of IN 32855 289 10 this this DT 32855 289 11 large large JJ 32855 289 12 tract tract NN 32855 289 13 were be VBD 32855 289 14 usurped usurped JJ 32855 289 15 and and CC 32855 289 16 the the DT 32855 289 17 territory territory NN 32855 289 18 of of IN 32855 289 19 the the DT 32855 289 20 original original JJ 32855 289 21 male male NN 32855 289 22 was be VBD 32855 289 23 gradually gradually RB 32855 289 24 reduced reduce VBN 32855 289 25 to to IN 32855 289 26 an an DT 32855 289 27 area area NN 32855 289 28 of of IN 32855 289 29 little little JJ 32855 289 30 more more JJR 32855 289 31 than than IN 32855 289 32 an an DT 32855 289 33 acre acre NN 32855 289 34 . . . 32855 290 1 In in IN 32855 290 2 this this DT 32855 290 3 initial initial JJ 32855 290 4 period period NN 32855 290 5 , , , 32855 290 6 a a DT 32855 290 7 male male NN 32855 290 8 becomes become VBZ 32855 290 9 identified identify VBN 32855 290 10 with with IN 32855 290 11 a a DT 32855 290 12 large large JJ 32855 290 13 area area NN 32855 290 14 but but CC 32855 290 15 is be VBZ 32855 290 16 restricted restrict VBN 32855 290 17 to to IN 32855 290 18 an an DT 32855 290 19 area area NN 32855 290 20 of of IN 32855 290 21 nearly nearly RB 32855 290 22 typical typical JJ 32855 290 23 size size NN 32855 290 24 by by IN 32855 290 25 the the DT 32855 290 26 encroachment encroachment NN 32855 290 27 of of IN 32855 290 28 other other JJ 32855 290 29 males male NNS 32855 290 30 . . . 32855 291 1 Territorial territorial JJ 32855 291 2 disputes dispute NNS 32855 291 3 in in IN 32855 291 4 this this DT 32855 291 5 period period NN 32855 291 6 often often RB 32855 291 7 involve involve VBP 32855 291 8 physical physical JJ 32855 291 9 contact contact NN 32855 291 10 , , , 32855 291 11 as as RB 32855 291 12 well well RB 32855 291 13 as as IN 32855 291 14 protracted protract VBN 32855 291 15 sessions session NNS 32855 291 16 of of IN 32855 291 17 high high JJ 32855 291 18 - - HYPH 32855 291 19 intensity intensity NN 32855 291 20 singing singing NN 32855 291 21 at at IN 32855 291 22 rates rate NNS 32855 291 23 exceeding exceed VBG 32855 291 24 three three CD 32855 291 25 hundred hundred CD 32855 291 26 song song NN 32855 291 27 - - HYPH 32855 291 28 phrases phrase NNS 32855 291 29 per per IN 32855 291 30 hour hour NN 32855 291 31 . . . 32855 292 1 Eventually eventually RB 32855 292 2 the the DT 32855 292 3 carrying carrying NN 32855 292 4 capacity capacity NN 32855 292 5 of of IN 32855 292 6 the the DT 32855 292 7 habitat habitat NN 32855 292 8 is be VBZ 32855 292 9 reached reach VBN 32855 292 10 and and CC 32855 292 11 no no DT 32855 292 12 further further RB 32855 292 13 partitioning partitioning NN 32855 292 14 occurs occur VBZ 32855 292 15 . . . 32855 293 1 The the DT 32855 293 2 beginning beginning NN 32855 293 3 of of IN 32855 293 4 nestbuilding nestbuilde VBG 32855 293 5 coincides coincide NNS 32855 293 6 with with IN 32855 293 7 this this DT 32855 293 8 relative relative JJ 32855 293 9 stabilization stabilization NN 32855 293 10 of of IN 32855 293 11 the the DT 32855 293 12 territorial territorial JJ 32855 293 13 boundaries boundary NNS 32855 293 14 . . . 32855 294 1 Through through IN 32855 294 2 the the DT 32855 294 3 remainder remainder NN 32855 294 4 of of IN 32855 294 5 the the DT 32855 294 6 cycle cycle NN 32855 294 7 of of IN 32855 294 8 behavior behavior NN 32855 294 9 associated associate VBN 32855 294 10 with with IN 32855 294 11 any any DT 32855 294 12 one one CD 32855 294 13 nest nest NN 32855 294 14 , , , 32855 294 15 all all DT 32855 294 16 activity activity NN 32855 294 17 is be VBZ 32855 294 18 that that DT 32855 294 19 of of IN 32855 294 20 the the DT 32855 294 21 occupant occupant JJ 32855 294 22 pair pair NN 32855 294 23 within within IN 32855 294 24 its -PRON- PRP$ 32855 294 25 territory territory NN 32855 294 26 . . . 32855 295 1 _ _ NNP 32855 295 2 Size Size NNP 32855 295 3 of of IN 32855 295 4 Territories Territories NNPS 32855 295 5 _ _ NNP 32855 295 6 The the DT 32855 295 7 nine nine CD 32855 295 8 original original JJ 32855 295 9 territories territory NNS 32855 295 10 established establish VBN 32855 295 11 in in IN 32855 295 12 1960 1960 CD 32855 295 13 varied vary VBD 32855 295 14 in in IN 32855 295 15 size size NN 32855 295 16 from from IN 32855 295 17 0.26 0.26 CD 32855 295 18 acre acre NN 32855 295 19 to to IN 32855 295 20 3.1 3.1 CD 32855 295 21 acres acre NNS 32855 295 22 ( ( -LRB- 32855 295 23 Table table NN 32855 295 24 2 2 CD 32855 295 25 ) ) -RRB- 32855 295 26 . . . 32855 296 1 Fitch Fitch NNP 32855 296 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 296 3 1958:270 1958:270 CD 32855 296 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 296 5 found find VBD 32855 296 6 the the DT 32855 296 7 territories territory NNS 32855 296 8 of of IN 32855 296 9 several several JJ 32855 296 10 pairs pair NNS 32855 296 11 of of IN 32855 296 12 Bell Bell NNP 32855 296 13 Vireos Vireos NNP 32855 296 14 at at IN 32855 296 15 the the DT 32855 296 16 University University NNP 32855 296 17 of of IN 32855 296 18 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 296 19 Natural Natural NNP 32855 296 20 History History NNP 32855 296 21 Reservation Reservation NNP 32855 296 22 to to TO 32855 296 23 vary vary VB 32855 296 24 from from IN 32855 296 25 0.4 0.4 CD 32855 296 26 to to TO 32855 296 27 1 1 CD 32855 296 28 acre acre NN 32855 296 29 . . . 32855 297 1 Hensley Hensley NNP 32855 297 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 297 3 1950:243 1950:243 CD 32855 297 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 297 5 estimated estimate VBD 32855 297 6 the the DT 32855 297 7 size size NN 32855 297 8 of of IN 32855 297 9 the the DT 32855 297 10 territory territory NN 32855 297 11 of of IN 32855 297 12 a a DT 32855 297 13 pair pair NN 32855 297 14 of of IN 32855 297 15 Bell Bell NNP 32855 297 16 Vireos vireos RB 32855 297 17 observed observe VBN 32855 297 18 in in IN 32855 297 19 Piatt Piatt NNP 32855 297 20 County County NNP 32855 297 21 , , , 32855 297 22 Illinois Illinois NNP 32855 297 23 , , , 32855 297 24 at at IN 32855 297 25 3.1 3.1 CD 32855 297 26 acres acre NNS 32855 297 27 . . . 32855 298 1 Nolan Nolan NNP 32855 298 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 298 3 1960:227 1960:227 CD 32855 298 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 298 5 records record VBZ 32855 298 6 home home NN 32855 298 7 ranges range NNS 32855 298 8 of of IN 32855 298 9 2 2 CD 32855 298 10 to to TO 32855 298 11 3 3 CD 32855 298 12 acres acre NNS 32855 298 13 . . . 32855 299 1 The the DT 32855 299 2 pairs pair NNS 32855 299 3 that that WDT 32855 299 4 he -PRON- PRP 32855 299 5 studied study VBD 32855 299 6 were be VBD 32855 299 7 sole sole JJ 32855 299 8 occupants occupant NNS 32855 299 9 of of IN 32855 299 10 fields field NNS 32855 299 11 several several JJ 32855 299 12 acres acre NNS 32855 299 13 larger large JJR 32855 299 14 than than IN 32855 299 15 the the DT 32855 299 16 portions portion NNS 32855 299 17 actually actually RB 32855 299 18 utilized utilize VBN 32855 299 19 . . . 32855 300 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 32855 300 2 description description NN 32855 300 3 of of IN 32855 300 4 the the DT 32855 300 5 vegetation vegetation NN 32855 300 6 indicates indicate VBZ 32855 300 7 that that IN 32855 300 8 most most JJS 32855 300 9 of of IN 32855 300 10 the the DT 32855 300 11 second second JJ 32855 300 12 growth growth NN 32855 300 13 was be VBD 32855 300 14 not not RB 32855 300 15 much much RB 32855 300 16 taller tall JJR 32855 300 17 than than IN 32855 300 18 7 7 CD 32855 300 19 feet foot NNS 32855 300 20 . . . 32855 301 1 As as IN 32855 301 2 indicated indicate VBN 32855 301 3 elsewhere elsewhere RB 32855 301 4 , , , 32855 301 5 the the DT 32855 301 6 second second JJ 32855 301 7 - - HYPH 32855 301 8 growth growth NN 32855 301 9 in in IN 32855 301 10 my -PRON- PRP$ 32855 301 11 tract tract NN 32855 301 12 averaged average VBD 32855 301 13 15 15 CD 32855 301 14 feet foot NNS 32855 301 15 tall tall JJ 32855 301 16 . . . 32855 302 1 The the DT 32855 302 2 smaller small JJR 32855 302 3 average average JJ 32855 302 4 size size NN 32855 302 5 of of IN 32855 302 6 territory territory NN 32855 302 7 ( ( -LRB- 32855 302 8 1.25 1.25 CD 32855 302 9 acres acre NNS 32855 302 10 ) ) -RRB- 32855 302 11 that that WDT 32855 302 12 I -PRON- PRP 32855 302 13 found find VBD 32855 302 14 is be VBZ 32855 302 15 probably probably RB 32855 302 16 a a DT 32855 302 17 function function NN 32855 302 18 both both DT 32855 302 19 of of IN 32855 302 20 this this DT 32855 302 21 greater great JJR 32855 302 22 vertical vertical JJ 32855 302 23 range range NN 32855 302 24 of of IN 32855 302 25 available available JJ 32855 302 26 foraging forage VBG 32855 302 27 area area NN 32855 302 28 and and CC 32855 302 29 the the DT 32855 302 30 much much RB 32855 302 31 higher high JJR 32855 302 32 gross gross JJ 32855 302 33 density density NN 32855 302 34 of of IN 32855 302 35 birds bird NNS 32855 302 36 ( ( -LRB- 32855 302 37 40 40 CD 32855 302 38 pairs pair NNS 32855 302 39 per per IN 32855 302 40 100 100 CD 32855 302 41 acres acre NNS 32855 302 42 ) ) -RRB- 32855 302 43 . . . 32855 303 1 _ _ NNP 32855 303 2 Permanence Permanence NNP 32855 303 3 of of IN 32855 303 4 Territories Territories NNPS 32855 303 5 _ _ NNP 32855 303 6 Most Most JJS 32855 303 7 pairs pair NNS 32855 303 8 remain remain VBP 32855 303 9 in in IN 32855 303 10 their -PRON- PRP$ 32855 303 11 original original JJ 32855 303 12 territories territory NNS 32855 303 13 throughout throughout IN 32855 303 14 the the DT 32855 303 15 summer summer NN 32855 303 16 , , , 32855 303 17 although although IN 32855 303 18 some some DT 32855 303 19 shift shift NN 32855 303 20 certain certain JJ 32855 303 21 territorial territorial JJ 32855 303 22 boundaries boundary NNS 32855 303 23 . . . 32855 304 1 In in IN 32855 304 2 1960 1960 CD 32855 304 3 pairs pair NNS 32855 304 4 2 2 CD 32855 304 5 and and CC 32855 304 6 6 6 CD 32855 304 7 , , , 32855 304 8 in in IN 32855 304 9 the the DT 32855 304 10 course course NN 32855 304 11 of of IN 32855 304 12 selecting select VBG 32855 304 13 a a DT 32855 304 14 site site NN 32855 304 15 for for IN 32855 304 16 a a DT 32855 304 17 replacement replacement NN 32855 304 18 nest nest NN 32855 304 19 , , , 32855 304 20 annexed annex VBN 32855 304 21 adjacent adjacent JJ 32855 304 22 areas area NNS 32855 304 23 previously previously RB 32855 304 24 occupied occupy VBN 32855 304 25 by by IN 32855 304 26 other other JJ 32855 304 27 pairs pair NNS 32855 304 28 . . . 32855 305 1 Pair pair NN 32855 305 2 2 2 CD 32855 305 3 relocated relocate VBD 32855 305 4 in in IN 32855 305 5 a a DT 32855 305 6 space space NN 32855 305 7 that that WDT 32855 305 8 originally originally RB 32855 305 9 included include VBD 32855 305 10 territories territory NNS 32855 305 11 1 1 CD 32855 305 12 and and CC 32855 305 13 4 4 CD 32855 305 14 , , , 32855 305 15 and and CC 32855 305 16 pair pair VB 32855 305 17 6 6 CD 32855 305 18 built build VBD 32855 305 19 a a DT 32855 305 20 nest nest NN 32855 305 21 in in IN 32855 305 22 an an DT 32855 305 23 area area NN 32855 305 24 formerly formerly RB 32855 305 25 occupied occupy VBN 32855 305 26 by by IN 32855 305 27 pair pair NN 32855 305 28 7 7 CD 32855 305 29 . . . 32855 306 1 Males male NNS 32855 306 2 1 1 CD 32855 306 3 and and CC 32855 306 4 4 4 CD 32855 306 5 were be VBD 32855 306 6 sacrificed sacrifice VBN 32855 306 7 for for IN 32855 306 8 specimens specimen NNS 32855 306 9 and and CC 32855 306 10 pair pair VB 32855 306 11 7 7 CD 32855 306 12 probably probably RB 32855 306 13 was be VBD 32855 306 14 destroyed destroy VBN 32855 306 15 by by IN 32855 306 16 a a DT 32855 306 17 predator predator NN 32855 306 18 . . . 32855 307 1 Owing owe VBG 32855 307 2 to to IN 32855 307 3 the the DT 32855 307 4 presence presence NN 32855 307 5 of of IN 32855 307 6 a a DT 32855 307 7 nest nest NN 32855 307 8 , , , 32855 307 9 the the DT 32855 307 10 annexed annex VBN 32855 307 11 area area NN 32855 307 12 becomes become VBZ 32855 307 13 the the DT 32855 307 14 focal focal JJ 32855 307 15 point point NN 32855 307 16 of of IN 32855 307 17 the the DT 32855 307 18 activities activity NNS 32855 307 19 of of IN 32855 307 20 a a DT 32855 307 21 pair pair NN 32855 307 22 , , , 32855 307 23 but but CC 32855 307 24 the the DT 32855 307 25 original original JJ 32855 307 26 area area NN 32855 307 27 is be VBZ 32855 307 28 regularly regularly RB 32855 307 29 visited visit VBN 32855 307 30 and and CC 32855 307 31 may may MD 32855 307 32 be be VB 32855 307 33 returned return VBN 32855 307 34 to to IN 32855 307 35 in in IN 32855 307 36 a a DT 32855 307 37 later later JJ 32855 307 38 renesting renesting NN 32855 307 39 . . . 32855 308 1 TABLE TABLE NNP 32855 308 2 2 2 CD 32855 308 3 . . . 32855 309 1 SIZE size NN 32855 309 2 OF of IN 32855 309 3 THE the DT 32855 309 4 NINE NINE NNP 32855 309 5 ORIGINAL original JJ 32855 309 6 TERRITORIES territory NNS 32855 309 7 OCCUPIED occupy VBN 32855 309 8 IN in IN 32855 309 9 1960 1960 CD 32855 309 10 . . . 32855 310 1 = = NFP 32855 310 2 = = NFP 32855 310 3 = = SYM 32855 310 4 = = SYM 32855 310 5 = = SYM 32855 310 6 = = SYM 32855 310 7 = = SYM 32855 310 8 = = SYM 32855 310 9 = = SYM 32855 310 10 = = SYM 32855 310 11 = = SYM 32855 310 12 = = SYM 32855 310 13 = = SYM 32855 310 14 = = SYM 32855 310 15 = = SYM 32855 310 16 = = SYM 32855 310 17 = = SYM 32855 310 18 = = SYM 32855 310 19 = = SYM 32855 310 20 = = SYM 32855 310 21 = = SYM 32855 310 22 = = SYM 32855 310 23 = = SYM 32855 310 24 = = SYM 32855 310 25 = = SYM 32855 310 26 = = SYM 32855 310 27 = = SYM 32855 310 28 = = SYM 32855 310 29 = = SYM 32855 310 30 = = SYM 32855 310 31 = = SYM 32855 310 32 = = SYM 32855 310 33 = = SYM 32855 310 34 = = SYM 32855 310 35 = = SYM 32855 310 36 = = SYM 32855 310 37 = = SYM 32855 310 38 = = SYM 32855 310 39 = = SYM 32855 310 40 = = SYM 32855 310 41 = = NNS 32855 310 42 = = SYM 32855 310 43 | | NNP 32855 310 44 Date Date NNP 32855 310 45 first first JJ 32855 310 46 | | NNP 32855 310 47 Territory Territory NNP 32855 310 48 | | NNP 32855 310 49 occupied occupy VBD 32855 310 50 | | NNP 32855 310 51 Dimensions dimension NNS 32855 310 52 -------------+--------------+------------- -------------+--------------+------------- NFP 32855 310 53 1 1 CD 32855 310 54 . . . 32855 311 1 | | NNP 32855 311 2 May May NNP 32855 311 3 3 3 CD 32855 311 4 , , , 32855 311 5 1960 1960 CD 32855 311 6 | | CD 32855 311 7 1.6 1.6 CD 32855 311 8 acres acre NNS 32855 311 9 2 2 CD 32855 311 10 . . . 32855 312 1 | | NNP 32855 312 2 May May NNP 32855 312 3 5 5 CD 32855 312 4 , , , 32855 312 5 1960 1960 CD 32855 312 6 | | CD 32855 312 7 0.6 0.6 CD 32855 312 8 acre acre NN 32855 312 9 3 3 CD 32855 312 10 . . . 32855 313 1 | | NNP 32855 313 2 May May NNP 32855 313 3 7 7 CD 32855 313 4 , , , 32855 313 5 1960 1960 CD 32855 313 6 | | CD 32855 313 7 0.26 0.26 CD 32855 313 8 acre acre NN 32855 313 9 4 4 CD 32855 313 10 . . . 32855 314 1 | | NNP 32855 314 2 May May NNP 32855 314 3 11 11 CD 32855 314 4 , , , 32855 314 5 1960 1960 CD 32855 314 6 | | CD 32855 314 7 1.03 1.03 CD 32855 314 8 acres acre NNS 32855 314 9 5 5 CD 32855 314 10 . . . 32855 315 1 | | NNP 32855 315 2 May May NNP 32855 315 3 12 12 CD 32855 315 4 , , , 32855 315 5 1960 1960 CD 32855 315 6 | | CD 32855 315 7 2.07 2.07 CD 32855 315 8 acres acre NNS 32855 315 9 6 6 CD 32855 315 10 . . . 32855 316 1 | | NNP 32855 316 2 May May NNP 32855 316 3 14 14 CD 32855 316 4 , , , 32855 316 5 1960 1960 CD 32855 316 6 | | CD 32855 316 7 3.1 3.1 CD 32855 316 8 acres acre NNS 32855 316 9 7 7 CD 32855 316 10 . . . 32855 317 1 | | NNP 32855 317 2 May May NNP 32855 317 3 13 13 CD 32855 317 4 , , , 32855 317 5 1960 1960 CD 32855 317 6 | | CD 32855 317 7 1.7 1.7 CD 32855 317 8 acres acre NNS 32855 317 9 8 8 CD 32855 317 10 . . . 32855 318 1 | | NNP 32855 318 2 May May NNP 32855 318 3 14 14 CD 32855 318 4 , , , 32855 318 5 1960 1960 CD 32855 318 6 | | CD 32855 318 7 0.46 0.46 CD 32855 318 8 acre acre NN 32855 318 9 9 9 CD 32855 318 10 . . . 32855 319 1 | | NNP 32855 319 2 May May NNP 32855 319 3 14 14 CD 32855 319 4 , , , 32855 319 5 1960 1960 CD 32855 319 6 | | CD 32855 319 7 0.4 0.4 CD 32855 319 8 acre acre NN 32855 319 9 -------------+--------------+------------- -------------+--------------+------------- NFP 32855 319 10 Average average NN 32855 319 11 1.25 1.25 CD 32855 319 12 acres acre NNS 32855 319 13 _ _ NNP 32855 319 14 Maintenance Maintenance NNP 32855 319 15 of of IN 32855 319 16 Territory Territory NNP 32855 319 17 _ _ NNP 32855 319 18 Except Except NNP 32855 319 19 in in IN 32855 319 20 the the DT 32855 319 21 early early JJ 32855 319 22 stages stage NNS 32855 319 23 of of IN 32855 319 24 nesting nesting NN 32855 319 25 , , , 32855 319 26 territory territory NN 32855 319 27 is be VBZ 32855 319 28 maintained maintain VBN 32855 319 29 primarily primarily RB 32855 319 30 by by IN 32855 319 31 song song NN 32855 319 32 . . . 32855 320 1 In in IN 32855 320 2 the the DT 32855 320 3 period period NN 32855 320 4 of of IN 32855 320 5 incubation incubation NN 32855 320 6 a a DT 32855 320 7 male male NN 32855 320 8 regularly regularly RB 32855 320 9 patrols patrol VBZ 32855 320 10 his -PRON- PRP$ 32855 320 11 territory territory NN 32855 320 12 between between IN 32855 320 13 sessions session NNS 32855 320 14 of of IN 32855 320 15 sitting sit VBG 32855 320 16 on on IN 32855 320 17 the the DT 32855 320 18 eggs egg NNS 32855 320 19 . . . 32855 321 1 He -PRON- PRP 32855 321 2 sings sing VBZ 32855 321 3 several several JJ 32855 321 4 songs song NNS 32855 321 5 from from IN 32855 321 6 each each DT 32855 321 7 of of IN 32855 321 8 several several JJ 32855 321 9 perches perch NNS 32855 321 10 . . . 32855 322 1 A a DT 32855 322 2 male male NN 32855 322 3 follows follow VBZ 32855 322 4 a a DT 32855 322 5 predictable predictable JJ 32855 322 6 path path NN 32855 322 7 , , , 32855 322 8 rarely rarely RB 32855 322 9 traveling travel VBG 32855 322 10 more more JJR 32855 322 11 than than IN 32855 322 12 150 150 CD 32855 322 13 feet foot NNS 32855 322 14 from from IN 32855 322 15 the the DT 32855 322 16 nest nest NN 32855 322 17 . . . 32855 323 1 Incipient incipient JJ 32855 323 2 patrolling patrolling NN 32855 323 3 is be VBZ 32855 323 4 seen see VBN 32855 323 5 early early RB 32855 323 6 in in IN 32855 323 7 the the DT 32855 323 8 breeding breeding NN 32855 323 9 season season NN 32855 323 10 when when WRB 32855 323 11 territorial territorial JJ 32855 323 12 boundaries boundary NNS 32855 323 13 are be VBP 32855 323 14 in in IN 32855 323 15 a a DT 32855 323 16 state state NN 32855 323 17 of of IN 32855 323 18 flux flux NN 32855 323 19 . . . 32855 324 1 The the DT 32855 324 2 male male JJ 32855 324 3 White White NNP 32855 324 4 - - HYPH 32855 324 5 eyed eyed JJ 32855 324 6 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 324 7 travels travel VBZ 32855 324 8 a a DT 32855 324 9 semi semi JJ 32855 324 10 - - JJ 32855 324 11 predictable predictable JJ 32855 324 12 route route NN 32855 324 13 , , , 32855 324 14 as as IN 32855 324 15 does do VBZ 32855 324 16 the the DT 32855 324 17 Solitary Solitary NNP 32855 324 18 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 324 19 ( ( -LRB- 32855 324 20 R. R. NNP 32855 324 21 F. F. NNP 32855 324 22 Johnston Johnston NNP 32855 324 23 , , , 32855 324 24 MS MS NNP 32855 324 25 ) ) -RRB- 32855 324 26 . . . 32855 325 1 According accord VBG 32855 325 2 to to IN 32855 325 3 Lawrence Lawrence NNP 32855 325 4 ( ( -LRB- 32855 325 5 1953:50 1953:50 CD 32855 325 6 ) ) -RRB- 32855 325 7 , , , 32855 325 8 the the DT 32855 325 9 male male JJ 32855 325 10 Red red JJ 32855 325 11 - - HYPH 32855 325 12 eyed eyed JJ 32855 325 13 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 325 14 has have VBZ 32855 325 15 a a DT 32855 325 16 distinct distinct JJ 32855 325 17 singing singing NN 32855 325 18 area area NN 32855 325 19 completely completely RB 32855 325 20 divorced divorce VBN 32855 325 21 from from IN 32855 325 22 the the DT 32855 325 23 nest nest NN 32855 325 24 area area NN 32855 325 25 dominated dominate VBN 32855 325 26 by by IN 32855 325 27 the the DT 32855 325 28 female female NN 32855 325 29 . . . 32855 326 1 Southern southern JJ 32855 326 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 326 3 1958:109 1958:109 CD 32855 326 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 326 5 , , , 32855 326 6 working work VBG 32855 326 7 with with IN 32855 326 8 this this DT 32855 326 9 same same JJ 32855 326 10 species specie NNS 32855 326 11 in in IN 32855 326 12 Michigan Michigan NNP 32855 326 13 , , , 32855 326 14 did do VBD 32855 326 15 not not RB 32855 326 16 recognize recognize VB 32855 326 17 separate separate JJ 32855 326 18 areas area NNS 32855 326 19 , , , 32855 326 20 but but CC 32855 326 21 found find VBD 32855 326 22 that that IN 32855 326 23 the the DT 32855 326 24 male male NN 32855 326 25 wandered wander VBD 32855 326 26 randomly randomly RB 32855 326 27 over over IN 32855 326 28 the the DT 32855 326 29 territory territory NN 32855 326 30 . . . 32855 327 1 In in IN 32855 327 2 a a DT 32855 327 3 species species NN 32855 327 4 so so RB 32855 327 5 highly highly RB 32855 327 6 active active JJ 32855 327 7 as as IN 32855 327 8 the the DT 32855 327 9 Bell Bell NNP 32855 327 10 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 327 11 , , , 32855 327 12 the the DT 32855 327 13 degrees degree NNS 32855 327 14 of of IN 32855 327 15 hostile hostile JJ 32855 327 16 action action NN 32855 327 17 associated associate VBN 32855 327 18 with with IN 32855 327 19 an an DT 32855 327 20 encounter encounter NN 32855 327 21 overlap overlap VBP 32855 327 22 in in IN 32855 327 23 such such PDT 32855 327 24 a a DT 32855 327 25 fashion fashion NN 32855 327 26 that that WDT 32855 327 27 no no DT 32855 327 28 clearcut clearcut NN 32855 327 29 distinction distinction NN 32855 327 30 can can MD 32855 327 31 be be VB 32855 327 32 drawn draw VBN 32855 327 33 among among IN 32855 327 34 the the DT 32855 327 35 various various JJ 32855 327 36 displays display NNS 32855 327 37 . . . 32855 328 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB 32855 328 2 , , , 32855 328 3 certain certain JJ 32855 328 4 generalized generalize VBN 32855 328 5 patterns pattern NNS 32855 328 6 are be VBP 32855 328 7 characteristic characteristic JJ 32855 328 8 of of IN 32855 328 9 all all DT 32855 328 10 situations situation NNS 32855 328 11 in in IN 32855 328 12 which which WDT 32855 328 13 members member NNS 32855 328 14 of of IN 32855 328 15 this this DT 32855 328 16 species specie NNS 32855 328 17 are be VBP 32855 328 18 in in IN 32855 328 19 a a DT 32855 328 20 state state NN 32855 328 21 of of IN 32855 328 22 anxiety anxiety NN 32855 328 23 . . . 32855 329 1 The the DT 32855 329 2 threat threat NN 32855 329 3 displays display NNS 32855 329 4 described describe VBN 32855 329 5 in in IN 32855 329 6 the the DT 32855 329 7 succeeding succeed VBG 32855 329 8 paragraphs paragraph NNS 32855 329 9 may may MD 32855 329 10 all all DT 32855 329 11 be be VB 32855 329 12 utilized utilize VBN 32855 329 13 within within IN 32855 329 14 as as RB 32855 329 15 little little JJ 32855 329 16 as as IN 32855 329 17 two two CD 32855 329 18 minutes minute NNS 32855 329 19 ; ; : 32855 329 20 mutual mutual JJ 32855 329 21 agonism agonism NN 32855 329 22 may may MD 32855 329 23 be be VB 32855 329 24 terminated terminate VBN 32855 329 25 at at IN 32855 329 26 any any DT 32855 329 27 stage stage NN 32855 329 28 by by IN 32855 329 29 concerted concerted JJ 32855 329 30 attack attack NN 32855 329 31 of of IN 32855 329 32 the the DT 32855 329 33 dominant dominant JJ 32855 329 34 bird bird NN 32855 329 35 . . . 32855 330 1 1 1 LS 32855 330 2 . . . 32855 331 1 Vocal vocal JJ 32855 331 2 threat threat NN 32855 331 3 . . . 32855 332 1 When when WRB 32855 332 2 an an DT 32855 332 3 intruder intruder NN 32855 332 4 is be VBZ 32855 332 5 discovered discover VBN 32855 332 6 the the DT 32855 332 7 resident resident JJ 32855 332 8 male male NN 32855 332 9 markedly markedly RB 32855 332 10 increases increase VBZ 32855 332 11 his -PRON- PRP$ 32855 332 12 rate rate NN 32855 332 13 of of IN 32855 332 14 singing singing NN 32855 332 15 . . . 32855 333 1 The the DT 32855 333 2 alarm alarm NN 32855 333 3 note note NN 32855 333 4 , , , 32855 333 5 _ _ NNP 32855 333 6 eh eh NNP 32855 333 7 - - HYPH 32855 333 8 eH eH NNP 32855 333 9 - - HYPH 32855 333 10 EH EH NNP 32855 333 11 _ _ NNP 32855 333 12 , , , 32855 333 13 is be VBZ 32855 333 14 the the DT 32855 333 15 first first JJ 32855 333 16 call call NN 32855 333 17 uttered utter VBN 32855 333 18 during during IN 32855 333 19 the the DT 32855 333 20 nestbuilding nestbuilde VBG 32855 333 21 and and CC 32855 333 22 egglaying egglaye VBG 32855 333 23 periods period NNS 32855 333 24 . . . 32855 334 1 2 2 LS 32855 334 2 . . . 32855 335 1 Head head RB 32855 335 2 - - HYPH 32855 335 3 forward forward NN 32855 335 4 threat threat NN 32855 335 5 . . . 32855 336 1 If if IN 32855 336 2 the the DT 32855 336 3 intruder intruder NN 32855 336 4 does do VBZ 32855 336 5 not not RB 32855 336 6 flee flee VB 32855 336 7 , , , 32855 336 8 the the DT 32855 336 9 resident resident JJ 32855 336 10 male male NN 32855 336 11 adopts adopt VBZ 32855 336 12 a a DT 32855 336 13 specific specific JJ 32855 336 14 threat threat NN 32855 336 15 posture posture NN 32855 336 16 . . . 32855 337 1 The the DT 32855 337 2 head head NN 32855 337 3 and and CC 32855 337 4 neck neck NN 32855 337 5 are be VBP 32855 337 6 extended extend VBN 32855 337 7 . . . 32855 338 1 The the DT 32855 338 2 feathers feather NNS 32855 338 3 of of IN 32855 338 4 the the DT 32855 338 5 crown crown NN 32855 338 6 are be VBP 32855 338 7 erected erect VBN 32855 338 8 , , , 32855 338 9 but but CC 32855 338 10 those those DT 32855 338 11 of of IN 32855 338 12 the the DT 32855 338 13 body body NN 32855 338 14 are be VBP 32855 338 15 sleeked sleek VBN 32855 338 16 . . . 32855 339 1 The the DT 32855 339 2 bird bird NN 32855 339 3 crouches crouch VBZ 32855 339 4 slightly slightly RB 32855 339 5 and and CC 32855 339 6 the the DT 32855 339 7 tail tail NN 32855 339 8 is be VBZ 32855 339 9 flicked flick VBN 32855 339 10 laterally laterally RB 32855 339 11 , , , 32855 339 12 but but CC 32855 339 13 not not RB 32855 339 14 fanned fan VBN 32855 339 15 . . . 32855 340 1 The the DT 32855 340 2 intensity intensity NN 32855 340 3 of of IN 32855 340 4 the the DT 32855 340 5 singing singing NN 32855 340 6 increases increase NNS 32855 340 7 and and CC 32855 340 8 is be VBZ 32855 340 9 supplemented supplement VBN 32855 340 10 by by IN 32855 340 11 scolding scold VBG 32855 340 12 , , , 32855 340 13 also also RB 32855 340 14 delivered deliver VBN 32855 340 15 at at IN 32855 340 16 a a DT 32855 340 17 rapid rapid JJ 32855 340 18 rate rate NN 32855 340 19 . . . 32855 341 1 The the DT 32855 341 2 intruder intruder NN 32855 341 3 normally normally RB 32855 341 4 retreats retreat NNS 32855 341 5 at at IN 32855 341 6 this this DT 32855 341 7 juncture juncture NN 32855 341 8 . . . 32855 342 1 3 3 LS 32855 342 2 . . . 32855 343 1 Wing wing NN 32855 343 2 - - HYPH 32855 343 3 flicking flick VBG 32855 343 4 and and CC 32855 343 5 submaximal submaximal JJ 32855 343 6 tail tail NN 32855 343 7 - - HYPH 32855 343 8 fanning fanning NN 32855 343 9 . . . 32855 344 1 If if IN 32855 344 2 the the DT 32855 344 3 interloper interloper NN 32855 344 4 remains remain VBZ 32855 344 5 , , , 32855 344 6 the the DT 32855 344 7 anxiety anxiety NN 32855 344 8 of of IN 32855 344 9 the the DT 32855 344 10 resident resident JJ 32855 344 11 male male NN 32855 344 12 increases increase NNS 32855 344 13 . . . 32855 345 1 He -PRON- PRP 32855 345 2 slightly slightly RB 32855 345 3 depresses depress VBZ 32855 345 4 the the DT 32855 345 5 tail tail NN 32855 345 6 and and CC 32855 345 7 , , , 32855 345 8 at at IN 32855 345 9 the the DT 32855 345 10 same same JJ 32855 345 11 time time NN 32855 345 12 , , , 32855 345 13 rapidly rapidly RB 32855 345 14 fans fan NNS 32855 345 15 and and CC 32855 345 16 closes close VBZ 32855 345 17 it -PRON- PRP 32855 345 18 . . . 32855 346 1 The the DT 32855 346 2 tail tail NN 32855 346 3 is be VBZ 32855 346 4 only only RB 32855 346 5 partially partially RB 32855 346 6 fanned fan VBN 32855 346 7 . . . 32855 347 1 The the DT 32855 347 2 wings wing NNS 32855 347 3 are be VBP 32855 347 4 held hold VBN 32855 347 5 slightly slightly RB 32855 347 6 away away RB 32855 347 7 from from IN 32855 347 8 the the DT 32855 347 9 body body NN 32855 347 10 and and CC 32855 347 11 rapidly rapidly RB 32855 347 12 flicked flick VBN 32855 347 13 above above IN 32855 347 14 the the DT 32855 347 15 back back NN 32855 347 16 . . . 32855 348 1 This this DT 32855 348 2 flicking flicking NN 32855 348 3 should should MD 32855 348 4 not not RB 32855 348 5 be be VB 32855 348 6 confused confuse VBN 32855 348 7 with with IN 32855 348 8 quivering quivering NN 32855 348 9 of of IN 32855 348 10 the the DT 32855 348 11 wings wing NNS 32855 348 12 associated associate VBN 32855 348 13 with with IN 32855 348 14 begging beg VBG 32855 348 15 and and CC 32855 348 16 other other JJ 32855 348 17 solicitory solicitory JJ 32855 348 18 postures posture NNS 32855 348 19 . . . 32855 349 1 Song Song NNP 32855 349 2 is be VBZ 32855 349 3 now now RB 32855 349 4 almost almost RB 32855 349 5 completely completely RB 32855 349 6 replaced replace VBN 32855 349 7 by by IN 32855 349 8 high high JJ 32855 349 9 - - HYPH 32855 349 10 intensity intensity NN 32855 349 11 scolding scolding NN 32855 349 12 . . . 32855 350 1 Associated associate VBN 32855 350 2 with with IN 32855 350 3 this this DT 32855 350 4 high high JJ 32855 350 5 degree degree NN 32855 350 6 of of IN 32855 350 7 anxiety anxiety NN 32855 350 8 are be VBP 32855 350 9 displacement displacement NN 32855 350 10 behaviorisms behaviorism NNS 32855 350 11 , , , 32855 350 12 including include VBG 32855 350 13 bill bill NN 32855 350 14 - - : 32855 350 15 wiping wiping JJ 32855 350 16 , , , 32855 350 17 reversal reversal NN 32855 350 18 of of IN 32855 350 19 direction direction NN 32855 350 20 on on IN 32855 350 21 a a DT 32855 350 22 single single JJ 32855 350 23 perch perch NN 32855 350 24 , , , 32855 350 25 and and CC 32855 350 26 a a DT 32855 350 27 nervous nervous JJ 32855 350 28 hopping hopping NN 32855 350 29 from from IN 32855 350 30 one one CD 32855 350 31 perch perch NN 32855 350 32 to to IN 32855 350 33 another another DT 32855 350 34 . . . 32855 351 1 4 4 LS 32855 351 2 . . . 32855 352 1 Ruffling ruffling NN 32855 352 2 and and CC 32855 352 3 maximum maximum JJ 32855 352 4 tail tail NN 32855 352 5 - - HYPH 32855 352 6 fanning fanning NN 32855 352 7 . . . 32855 353 1 This this DT 32855 353 2 display display NN 32855 353 3 is be VBZ 32855 353 4 most most RBS 32855 353 5 often often RB 32855 353 6 seen see VBN 32855 353 7 in in IN 32855 353 8 conjunction conjunction NN 32855 353 9 with with IN 32855 353 10 the the DT 32855 353 11 harassment harassment NN 32855 353 12 of of IN 32855 353 13 predators predator NNS 32855 353 14 , , , 32855 353 15 but but CC 32855 353 16 occasionally occasionally RB 32855 353 17 it -PRON- PRP 32855 353 18 is be VBZ 32855 353 19 observed observe VBN 32855 353 20 in in IN 32855 353 21 territorial territorial JJ 32855 353 22 disputes dispute NNS 32855 353 23 occurring occur VBG 32855 353 24 at at IN 32855 353 25 the the DT 32855 353 26 boundary boundary NN 32855 353 27 of of IN 32855 353 28 adjacent adjacent JJ 32855 353 29 territories territory NNS 32855 353 30 where where WRB 32855 353 31 neither neither CC 32855 353 32 male male NN 32855 353 33 is be VBZ 32855 353 34 strictly strictly RB 32855 353 35 dominant dominant JJ 32855 353 36 and and CC 32855 353 37 in in IN 32855 353 38 which which WDT 32855 353 39 there there EX 32855 353 40 is be VBZ 32855 353 41 much much JJ 32855 353 42 vacillation vacillation NN 32855 353 43 prior prior RB 32855 353 44 to to IN 32855 353 45 attack attack NN 32855 353 46 . . . 32855 354 1 The the DT 32855 354 2 feathers feather NNS 32855 354 3 of of IN 32855 354 4 the the DT 32855 354 5 abdomen abdoman NNS 32855 354 6 are be VBP 32855 354 7 ruffled ruffle VBN 32855 354 8 . . . 32855 355 1 The the DT 32855 355 2 term term NN 32855 355 3 " " `` 32855 355 4 ruffled ruffle VBD 32855 355 5 " " '' 32855 355 6 pertains pertain VBZ 32855 355 7 to to IN 32855 355 8 a a DT 32855 355 9 full full JJ 32855 355 10 erection erection NN 32855 355 11 of of IN 32855 355 12 the the DT 32855 355 13 feathers feather NNS 32855 355 14 , , , 32855 355 15 giving give VBG 32855 355 16 a a DT 32855 355 17 ragged ragged JJ 32855 355 18 appearance appearance NN 32855 355 19 to to IN 32855 355 20 the the DT 32855 355 21 body body NN 32855 355 22 outline outline NN 32855 355 23 ( ( -LRB- 32855 355 24 Morris Morris NNP 32855 355 25 , , , 32855 355 26 1956:80 1956:80 CD 32855 355 27 ) ) -RRB- 32855 355 28 . . . 32855 356 1 Ruffling ruffle VBG 32855 356 2 of of IN 32855 356 3 the the DT 32855 356 4 abdominal abdominal JJ 32855 356 5 feathers feather NNS 32855 356 6 emphasizes emphasize VBZ 32855 356 7 their -PRON- PRP$ 32855 356 8 yellow yellow JJ 32855 356 9 color color NN 32855 356 10 and and CC 32855 356 11 seemingly seemingly RB 32855 356 12 heightens heighten VBZ 32855 356 13 the the DT 32855 356 14 intimidatory intimidatory JJ 32855 356 15 effect effect NN 32855 356 16 . . . 32855 357 1 The the DT 32855 357 2 tail tail NN 32855 357 3 is be VBZ 32855 357 4 fully fully RB 32855 357 5 fanned fan VBN 32855 357 6 , , , 32855 357 7 and and CC 32855 357 8 so so RB 32855 357 9 maintained maintain VBD 32855 357 10 , , , 32855 357 11 for for IN 32855 357 12 a a DT 32855 357 13 few few JJ 32855 357 14 seconds second NNS 32855 357 15 at at IN 32855 357 16 a a DT 32855 357 17 time time NN 32855 357 18 ; ; : 32855 357 19 it -PRON- PRP 32855 357 20 is be VBZ 32855 357 21 held hold VBN 32855 357 22 at at IN 32855 357 23 a a DT 32855 357 24 45 45 NNP 32855 357 25 ° ° NN 32855 357 26 angle angle NN 32855 357 27 to to IN 32855 357 28 the the DT 32855 357 29 body body NN 32855 357 30 . . . 32855 358 1 The the DT 32855 358 2 scold scold NN 32855 358 3 becomes become VBZ 32855 358 4 an an DT 32855 358 5 extremely extremely RB 32855 358 6 intense intense JJ 32855 358 7 , , , 32855 358 8 stacatto stacatto NN 32855 358 9 buzz buzz NN 32855 358 10 , , , 32855 358 11 ZZ ZZ NNP 32855 358 12 - - HYPH 32855 358 13 ZZ ZZ NNP 32855 358 14 - - HYPH 32855 358 15 ZZ ZZ NNP 32855 358 16 - - HYPH 32855 358 17 ZZ ZZ NNP 32855 358 18 . . . 32855 359 1 5 5 CD 32855 359 2 . . . 32855 360 1 Supplanting supplanting NN 32855 360 2 attack attack NN 32855 360 3 . . . 32855 361 1 The the DT 32855 361 2 attack attack NN 32855 361 3 directed direct VBD 32855 361 4 against against IN 32855 361 5 a a DT 32855 361 6 trespassing trespassing NN 32855 361 7 male male NN 32855 361 8 is be VBZ 32855 361 9 initiated initiate VBN 32855 361 10 as as IN 32855 361 11 a a DT 32855 361 12 lunge lunge NN 32855 361 13 that that WDT 32855 361 14 results result VBZ 32855 361 15 in in IN 32855 361 16 a a DT 32855 361 17 collision collision NN 32855 361 18 with with IN 32855 361 19 the the DT 32855 361 20 opponent opponent NN 32855 361 21 in in IN 32855 361 22 mid mid NN 32855 361 23 - - NN 32855 361 24 air air NN 32855 361 25 or or CC 32855 361 26 on on IN 32855 361 27 his -PRON- PRP$ 32855 361 28 perch perch NN 32855 361 29 . . . 32855 362 1 The the DT 32855 362 2 bird bird NN 32855 362 3 attacked attack VBD 32855 362 4 is be VBZ 32855 362 5 struck strike VBN 32855 362 6 by by IN 32855 362 7 his -PRON- PRP$ 32855 362 8 adversary adversary NN 32855 362 9 's 's POS 32855 362 10 open open JJ 32855 362 11 beak beak NN 32855 362 12 or or CC 32855 362 13 body body NN 32855 362 14 . . . 32855 363 1 Hinde Hinde NNP 32855 363 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 363 3 1952:71 1952:71 CD 32855 363 4 - - HYPH 32855 363 5 72 72 CD 32855 363 6 ) ) -RRB- 32855 363 7 indicates indicate VBZ 32855 363 8 four four CD 32855 363 9 courses course NNS 32855 363 10 of of IN 32855 363 11 action action NN 32855 363 12 followed follow VBN 32855 363 13 by by IN 32855 363 14 a a DT 32855 363 15 Great Great NNP 32855 363 16 Tit Tit NNP 32855 363 17 ( ( -LRB- 32855 363 18 _ _ NNP 32855 363 19 Parus Parus NNP 32855 363 20 major major JJ 32855 363 21 _ _ NNP 32855 363 22 ) ) -RRB- 32855 363 23 when when WRB 32855 363 24 attacked attack VBN 32855 363 25 under under IN 32855 363 26 similar similar JJ 32855 363 27 circumstances circumstance NNS 32855 363 28 . . . 32855 364 1 " " `` 32855 364 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 364 3 a a LS 32855 364 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 364 5 It -PRON- PRP 32855 364 6 flies fly VBZ 32855 364 7 away away RB 32855 364 8 : : : 32855 364 9 The the DT 32855 364 10 attacker attacker NN 32855 364 11 usually usually RB 32855 364 12 flies fly VBZ 32855 364 13 after after IN 32855 364 14 it -PRON- PRP 32855 364 15 and and CC 32855 364 16 a a DT 32855 364 17 chase chase NN 32855 364 18 ensues ensue NNS 32855 364 19 . . . 32855 365 1 ( ( -LRB- 32855 365 2 b b LS 32855 365 3 ) ) -RRB- 32855 365 4 It -PRON- PRP 32855 365 5 shifts shift VBZ 32855 365 6 its -PRON- PRP$ 32855 365 7 perch perch NN 32855 365 8 a a DT 32855 365 9 few few JJ 32855 365 10 inches inch NNS 32855 365 11 : : : 32855 365 12 the the DT 32855 365 13 attacker attacker NN 32855 365 14 lands land VBZ 32855 365 15 in in IN 32855 365 16 its -PRON- PRP$ 32855 365 17 place place NN 32855 365 18 , , , 32855 365 19 and and CC 32855 365 20 both both DT 32855 365 21 usually usually RB 32855 365 22 show show VBP 32855 365 23 head head NN 32855 365 24 - - HYPH 32855 365 25 up up RP 32855 365 26 postures posture NNS 32855 365 27 . . . 32855 366 1 ( ( -LRB- 32855 366 2 c c NN 32855 366 3 ) ) -RRB- 32855 366 4 It -PRON- PRP 32855 366 5 remains remain VBZ 32855 366 6 where where WRB 32855 366 7 it -PRON- PRP 32855 366 8 is be VBZ 32855 366 9 , , , 32855 366 10 but but CC 32855 366 11 adopts adopt VBZ 32855 366 12 a a DT 32855 366 13 head head VB 32855 366 14 - - HYPH 32855 366 15 up up RP 32855 366 16 posture posture NN 32855 366 17 : : : 32855 366 18 the the DT 32855 366 19 attacker attacker NN 32855 366 20 usually usually RB 32855 366 21 then then RB 32855 366 22 shows show VBZ 32855 366 23 upright upright JJ 32855 366 24 flight flight NN 32855 366 25 . . . 32855 367 1 ( ( -LRB- 32855 367 2 d d LS 32855 367 3 ) ) -RRB- 32855 367 4 It -PRON- PRP 32855 367 5 may may MD 32855 367 6 fly fly VB 32855 367 7 up up RP 32855 367 8 and and CC 32855 367 9 meet meet VB 32855 367 10 the the DT 32855 367 11 attacker attacker NN 32855 367 12 in in IN 32855 367 13 mid mid NN 32855 367 14 - - NN 32855 367 15 air air NN 32855 367 16 : : : 32855 367 17 in in IN 32855 367 18 that that DT 32855 367 19 case case NN 32855 367 20 an an DT 32855 367 21 actual actual JJ 32855 367 22 combat combat NN 32855 367 23 may may MD 32855 367 24 result result VB 32855 367 25 , , , 32855 367 26 or or CC 32855 367 27 both both DT 32855 367 28 combatants combatant NNS 32855 367 29 may may MD 32855 367 30 show show VB 32855 367 31 upright upright JJ 32855 367 32 flight flight NN 32855 367 33 . . . 32855 367 34 " " '' 32855 368 1 Head head VB 32855 368 2 - - HYPH 32855 368 3 up up RP 32855 368 4 posturing posturing NN 32855 368 5 and and CC 32855 368 6 upright upright JJ 32855 368 7 flight flight NN 32855 368 8 are be VBP 32855 368 9 not not RB 32855 368 10 presently presently RB 32855 368 11 recognized recognize VBN 32855 368 12 components component NNS 32855 368 13 of of IN 32855 368 14 the the DT 32855 368 15 behavior behavior NN 32855 368 16 of of IN 32855 368 17 the the DT 32855 368 18 Bell Bell NNP 32855 368 19 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 368 20 . . . 32855 369 1 The the DT 32855 369 2 behavior behavior NN 32855 369 3 of of IN 32855 369 4 the the DT 32855 369 5 attacked attack VBN 32855 369 6 Bell Bell NNP 32855 369 7 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 369 8 is be VBZ 32855 369 9 similar similar JJ 32855 369 10 to to IN 32855 369 11 that that DT 32855 369 12 described describe VBN 32855 369 13 in in IN 32855 369 14 ( ( -LRB- 32855 369 15 a a DT 32855 369 16 ) ) -RRB- 32855 369 17 , , , 32855 369 18 ( ( -LRB- 32855 369 19 b b NN 32855 369 20 ) ) -RRB- 32855 369 21 , , , 32855 369 22 and and CC 32855 369 23 ( ( -LRB- 32855 369 24 d d NN 32855 369 25 ) ) -RRB- 32855 369 26 above above RB 32855 369 27 , , , 32855 369 28 and and CC 32855 369 29 is be VBZ 32855 369 30 clearly clearly RB 32855 369 31 dictated dictate VBN 32855 369 32 by by IN 32855 369 33 the the DT 32855 369 34 proximity proximity NN 32855 369 35 of of IN 32855 369 36 his -PRON- PRP$ 32855 369 37 own own JJ 32855 369 38 " " `` 32855 369 39 home home NN 32855 369 40 base base NN 32855 369 41 . . . 32855 369 42 " " '' 32855 370 1 Eleven eleven CD 32855 370 2 disputes dispute NNS 32855 370 3 among among IN 32855 370 4 occupants occupant NNS 32855 370 5 of of IN 32855 370 6 adjacent adjacent JJ 32855 370 7 territories territory NNS 32855 370 8 were be VBD 32855 370 9 witnessed witness VBN 32855 370 10 between between IN 32855 370 11 May May NNP 32855 370 12 6 6 CD 32855 370 13 and and CC 32855 370 14 June June NNP 32855 370 15 3 3 CD 32855 370 16 , , , 32855 370 17 1960 1960 CD 32855 370 18 , , , 32855 370 19 in in IN 32855 370 20 which which WDT 32855 370 21 some some DT 32855 370 22 or or CC 32855 370 23 all all DT 32855 370 24 of of IN 32855 370 25 the the DT 32855 370 26 described describe VBN 32855 370 27 threat threat NN 32855 370 28 displays display NNS 32855 370 29 were be VBD 32855 370 30 manifest manifest JJ 32855 370 31 ( ( -LRB- 32855 370 32 Table table NN 32855 370 33 3 3 CD 32855 370 34 ) ) -RRB- 32855 370 35 . . . 32855 371 1 In in IN 32855 371 2 each each DT 32855 371 3 instance instance NN 32855 371 4 , , , 32855 371 5 patrolling patrol VBG 32855 371 6 males male NNS 32855 371 7 were be VBD 32855 371 8 gradually gradually RB 32855 371 9 attracted attract VBN 32855 371 10 to to IN 32855 371 11 each each DT 32855 371 12 other other JJ 32855 371 13 . . . 32855 372 1 As as IN 32855 372 2 they -PRON- PRP 32855 372 3 approached approach VBD 32855 372 4 , , , 32855 372 5 their -PRON- PRP$ 32855 372 6 rates rate NNS 32855 372 7 of of IN 32855 372 8 song song NN 32855 372 9 increased increase VBD 32855 372 10 from from IN 32855 372 11 an an DT 32855 372 12 average average NN 32855 372 13 of of IN 32855 372 14 six six CD 32855 372 15 repetitions repetition NNS 32855 372 16 per per IN 32855 372 17 minute minute NN 32855 372 18 to to TO 32855 372 19 15 15 CD 32855 372 20 per per IN 32855 372 21 minute minute NN 32855 372 22 . . . 32855 373 1 Eight eight CD 32855 373 2 of of IN 32855 373 3 the the DT 32855 373 4 disputes dispute NNS 32855 373 5 involved involve VBD 32855 373 6 physical physical JJ 32855 373 7 combat combat NN 32855 373 8 . . . 32855 374 1 On on IN 32855 374 2 May May NNP 32855 374 3 6 6 CD 32855 374 4 , , , 32855 374 5 1960 1960 CD 32855 374 6 , , , 32855 374 7 when when WRB 32855 374 8 male male NNP 32855 374 9 2 2 CD 32855 374 10 ( ( -LRB- 32855 374 11 1960 1960 CD 32855 374 12 ) ) -RRB- 32855 374 13 was be VBD 32855 374 14 in in IN 32855 374 15 the the DT 32855 374 16 process process NN 32855 374 17 of of IN 32855 374 18 usurping usurp VBG 32855 374 19 an an DT 32855 374 20 eastern eastern JJ 32855 374 21 segment segment NN 32855 374 22 of of IN 32855 374 23 the the DT 32855 374 24 original original JJ 32855 374 25 territory territory NN 32855 374 26 of of IN 32855 374 27 male male JJ 32855 374 28 1 1 CD 32855 374 29 ( ( -LRB- 32855 374 30 1960 1960 CD 32855 374 31 ) ) -RRB- 32855 374 32 , , , 32855 374 33 a a DT 32855 374 34 violent violent JJ 32855 374 35 , , , 32855 374 36 protracted protract VBN 32855 374 37 dispute dispute NN 32855 374 38 was be VBD 32855 374 39 observed observe VBN 32855 374 40 . . . 32855 375 1 By by IN 32855 375 2 this this DT 32855 375 3 date date NN 32855 375 4 male male JJ 32855 375 5 1 1 CD 32855 375 6 ( ( -LRB- 32855 375 7 1960 1960 CD 32855 375 8 ) ) -RRB- 32855 375 9 had have VBD 32855 375 10 obtained obtain VBN 32855 375 11 a a DT 32855 375 12 mate mate NN 32855 375 13 and and CC 32855 375 14 had have VBD 32855 375 15 begun begin VBN 32855 375 16 construction construction NN 32855 375 17 of of IN 32855 375 18 nest nest NN 32855 375 19 1-a 1-a CD 32855 375 20 ( ( -LRB- 32855 375 21 1960 1960 CD 32855 375 22 ) ) -RRB- 32855 375 23 ; ; : 32855 375 24 male male NN 32855 375 25 2 2 CD 32855 375 26 ( ( -LRB- 32855 375 27 1960 1960 CD 32855 375 28 ) ) -RRB- 32855 375 29 had have VBD 32855 375 30 not not RB 32855 375 31 yet yet RB 32855 375 32 acquired acquire VBN 32855 375 33 a a DT 32855 375 34 mate mate NN 32855 375 35 . . . 32855 376 1 At at IN 32855 376 2 first first RB 32855 376 3 the the DT 32855 376 4 two two CD 32855 376 5 males male NNS 32855 376 6 were be VBD 32855 376 7 singing singe VBG 32855 376 8 vigorously vigorously RB 32855 376 9 , , , 32855 376 10 from from IN 32855 376 11 one one CD 32855 376 12 to to TO 32855 376 13 10 10 CD 32855 376 14 feet foot NNS 32855 376 15 apart apart RB 32855 376 16 . . . 32855 377 1 Female female JJ 32855 377 2 1 1 CD 32855 377 3 ( ( -LRB- 32855 377 4 1960 1960 CD 32855 377 5 ) ) -RRB- 32855 377 6 followed follow VBD 32855 377 7 her -PRON- PRP$ 32855 377 8 mate mate NN 32855 377 9 closely closely RB 32855 377 10 and and CC 32855 377 11 scolded scold VBN 32855 377 12 , , , 32855 377 13 at at IN 32855 377 14 the the DT 32855 377 15 same same JJ 32855 377 16 time time NN 32855 377 17 partially partially RB 32855 377 18 fanning fan VBG 32855 377 19 her -PRON- PRP$ 32855 377 20 tail tail NN 32855 377 21 . . . 32855 378 1 In in IN 32855 378 2 the the DT 32855 378 3 course course NN 32855 378 4 of of IN 32855 378 5 vocal vocal NN 32855 378 6 dueling duel VBG 32855 378 7 the the DT 32855 378 8 males male NNS 32855 378 9 had have VBD 32855 378 10 traveled travel VBN 32855 378 11 to to IN 32855 378 12 within within IN 32855 378 13 50 50 CD 32855 378 14 feet foot NNS 32855 378 15 of of IN 32855 378 16 nest nest NN 32855 378 17 1-a 1-a CD 32855 378 18 ( ( -LRB- 32855 378 19 1960 1960 CD 32855 378 20 ) ) -RRB- 32855 378 21 , , , 32855 378 22 when when WRB 32855 378 23 male male NN 32855 378 24 1 1 CD 32855 378 25 ( ( -LRB- 32855 378 26 1960 1960 CD 32855 378 27 ) ) -RRB- 32855 378 28 suddenly suddenly RB 32855 378 29 lunged lunge VBN 32855 378 30 at at IN 32855 378 31 2 2 CD 32855 378 32 ( ( -LRB- 32855 378 33 1960 1960 CD 32855 378 34 ) ) -RRB- 32855 378 35 . . . 32855 379 1 The the DT 32855 379 2 males male NNS 32855 379 3 plunged plunge VBD 32855 379 4 to to IN 32855 379 5 the the DT 32855 379 6 ground ground NN 32855 379 7 , , , 32855 379 8 locking lock VBG 32855 379 9 bills bill NNS 32855 379 10 and and CC 32855 379 11 clutching clutch VBG 32855 379 12 at at IN 32855 379 13 each each DT 32855 379 14 other other JJ 32855 379 15 with with IN 32855 379 16 their -PRON- PRP$ 32855 379 17 feet foot NNS 32855 379 18 as as IN 32855 379 19 they -PRON- PRP 32855 379 20 fell fall VBD 32855 379 21 . . . 32855 380 1 As as RB 32855 380 2 soon soon RB 32855 380 3 as as IN 32855 380 4 they -PRON- PRP 32855 380 5 touched touch VBD 32855 380 6 the the DT 32855 380 7 ground ground NN 32855 380 8 they -PRON- PRP 32855 380 9 separated separate VBD 32855 380 10 . . . 32855 381 1 Male male NN 32855 381 2 2 2 CD 32855 381 3 flew fly VBD 32855 381 4 east east NN 32855 381 5 with with IN 32855 381 6 male male NN 32855 381 7 1 1 CD 32855 381 8 in in IN 32855 381 9 pursuit pursuit NN 32855 381 10 . . . 32855 382 1 This this DT 32855 382 2 conflict conflict NN 32855 382 3 lasted last VBD 32855 382 4 three three CD 32855 382 5 minutes minute NNS 32855 382 6 . . . 32855 383 1 Additional additional JJ 32855 383 2 physical physical JJ 32855 383 3 combat combat NN 32855 383 4 was be VBD 32855 383 5 witnessed witness VBN 32855 383 6 several several JJ 32855 383 7 minutes minute NNS 32855 383 8 later later RB 32855 383 9 . . . 32855 384 1 This this DT 32855 384 2 again again RB 32855 384 3 involved involve VBD 32855 384 4 striking strike VBG 32855 384 5 with with IN 32855 384 6 the the DT 32855 384 7 bill bill NN 32855 384 8 , , , 32855 384 9 wings wing NNS 32855 384 10 and and CC 32855 384 11 feet foot NNS 32855 384 12 . . . 32855 385 1 A a DT 32855 385 2 high high JJ 32855 385 3 pitched pitch VBN 32855 385 4 squeaky squeaky JJ 32855 385 5 _ _ NNP 32855 385 6 chee chee NNP 32855 385 7 _ _ NNP 32855 385 8 was be VBD 32855 385 9 uttered utter VBN 32855 385 10 by by IN 32855 385 11 both both DT 32855 385 12 combatants combatant NNS 32855 385 13 . . . 32855 386 1 The the DT 32855 386 2 female female NN 32855 386 3 scolded scold VBN 32855 386 4 from from IN 32855 386 5 a a DT 32855 386 6 nearby nearby JJ 32855 386 7 perch perch NN 32855 386 8 . . . 32855 387 1 Upon upon IN 32855 387 2 separating separate VBG 32855 387 3 , , , 32855 387 4 the the DT 32855 387 5 males male NNS 32855 387 6 engaged engage VBN 32855 387 7 in in IN 32855 387 8 a a DT 32855 387 9 wild wild JJ 32855 387 10 , , , 32855 387 11 looping looping JJ 32855 387 12 flight flight NN 32855 387 13 . . . 32855 388 1 At at IN 32855 388 2 about about RB 32855 388 3 350 350 CD 32855 388 4 feet foot NNS 32855 388 5 from from IN 32855 388 6 nest nest NN 32855 388 7 1-a 1-a CD 32855 388 8 ( ( -LRB- 32855 388 9 1960 1960 CD 32855 388 10 ) ) -RRB- 32855 388 11 , , , 32855 388 12 the the DT 32855 388 13 chase chase NN 32855 388 14 abruptly abruptly RB 32855 388 15 ended end VBD 32855 388 16 . . . 32855 389 1 For for IN 32855 389 2 ten ten CD 32855 389 3 minutes minute NNS 32855 389 4 thereafter thereafter RB 32855 389 5 , , , 32855 389 6 both both DT 32855 389 7 males male NNS 32855 389 8 sang sing VBD 32855 389 9 at at IN 32855 389 10 a a DT 32855 389 11 high high JJ 32855 389 12 rate rate NN 32855 389 13 from from IN 32855 389 14 perches perch NNS 32855 389 15 about about IN 32855 389 16 10 10 CD 32855 389 17 feet foot NNS 32855 389 18 apart apart RB 32855 389 19 . . . 32855 390 1 This this DT 32855 390 2 terminated terminate VBD 32855 390 3 the the DT 32855 390 4 physical physical JJ 32855 390 5 combat combat NN 32855 390 6 , , , 32855 390 7 but but CC 32855 390 8 three three CD 32855 390 9 additional additional JJ 32855 390 10 protracted protracted JJ 32855 390 11 , , , 32855 390 12 vocal vocal JJ 32855 390 13 duels duel NNS 32855 390 14 occurred occur VBD 32855 390 15 in in IN 32855 390 16 the the DT 32855 390 17 remainder remainder NN 32855 390 18 of of IN 32855 390 19 the the DT 32855 390 20 morning morning NN 32855 390 21 . . . 32855 391 1 TABLE TABLE NNP 32855 391 2 3 3 CD 32855 391 3 . . . 32855 392 1 INTRASPECIFIC intraspecific NN 32855 392 2 DISPUTES dispute NNS 32855 392 3 IN in IN 32855 392 4 MAINTENANCE MAINTENANCE NNP 32855 392 5 OF of IN 32855 392 6 TERRITORY TERRITORY NNP 32855 392 7 . . . 32855 393 1 Behavior Behavior NNP 32855 393 2 = = SYM 32855 393 3 = = SYM 32855 393 4 = = SYM 32855 393 5 = = SYM 32855 393 6 = = SYM 32855 393 7 = = SYM 32855 393 8 = = SYM 32855 393 9 = = SYM 32855 393 10 = = SYM 32855 393 11 = = SYM 32855 393 12 = = SYM 32855 393 13 = = SYM 32855 393 14 = = SYM 32855 393 15 = = SYM 32855 393 16 = = SYM 32855 393 17 = = SYM 32855 393 18 = = SYM 32855 393 19 = = SYM 32855 393 20 = = SYM 32855 393 21 = = SYM 32855 393 22 = = SYM 32855 393 23 = = SYM 32855 393 24 = = SYM 32855 393 25 = = SYM 32855 393 26 = = SYM 32855 393 27 = = SYM 32855 393 28 = = SYM 32855 393 29 = = SYM 32855 393 30 = = SYM 32855 393 31 = = SYM 32855 393 32 = = SYM 32855 393 33 = = SYM 32855 393 34 = = SYM 32855 393 35 = = SYM 32855 393 36 = = SYM 32855 393 37 = = SYM 32855 393 38 = = SYM 32855 393 39 = = SYM 32855 393 40 = = SYM 32855 393 41 = = SYM 32855 393 42 = = SYM 32855 393 43 = = SYM 32855 393 44 = = SYM 32855 393 45 = = SYM 32855 393 46 = = SYM 32855 393 47 = = SYM 32855 393 48 = = SYM 32855 393 49 = = SYM 32855 393 50 = = SYM 32855 393 51 = = SYM 32855 393 52 = = SYM 32855 393 53 = = SYM 32855 393 54 = = SYM 32855 393 55 = = SYM 32855 393 56 = = SYM 32855 393 57 = = SYM 32855 393 58 = = SYM 32855 393 59 = = SYM 32855 393 60 = = SYM 32855 393 61 = = SYM 32855 393 62 = = SYM 32855 393 63 = = SYM 32855 393 64 | | NNP 32855 393 65 Number Number NNP 32855 393 66 | | NNP 32855 393 67 | | NNP 32855 393 68 | | NNP 32855 393 69 Average Average NNP 32855 393 70 | | NNP 32855 393 71 of of IN 32855 393 72 | | NNP 32855 393 73 Vocal Vocal NNP 32855 393 74 | | HYPH 32855 393 75 | | CD 32855 393 76 length length NN 32855 393 77 of of IN 32855 393 78 | | CD 32855 393 79 conflicts conflict NNS 32855 393 80 | | CD 32855 393 81 dueling duel VBG 32855 393 82 | | NNP 32855 393 83 Combat Combat NNP 32855 393 84 | | NNP 32855 393 85 disputes dispute VBZ 32855 393 86 -------------+-----------+---------+--------+----------------- -------------+-----------+---------+--------+----------------- NNS 32855 393 87 Prenesting preneste VBG 32855 393 88 | | CD 32855 393 89 3 3 CD 32855 393 90 | | CD 32855 393 91 3 3 CD 32855 393 92 | | CD 32855 393 93 2 2 CD 32855 393 94 | | CD 32855 393 95 6 6 CD 32855 393 96 min min NN 32855 393 97 . . . 32855 394 1 40 40 CD 32855 394 2 sec sec NNP 32855 394 3 . . . 32855 395 1 Building build VBG 32855 395 2 | | CD 32855 395 3 8 8 CD 32855 395 4 | | CD 32855 395 5 8 8 CD 32855 395 6 | | CD 32855 395 7 6 6 CD 32855 395 8 | | CD 32855 395 9 3 3 CD 32855 395 10 min min NN 32855 395 11 . . . 32855 396 1 8 8 CD 32855 396 2 sec sec NNP 32855 396 3 . . . 32855 397 1 Incubation incubation NN 32855 397 2 | | CD 32855 397 3 1[B 1[b CD 32855 397 4 ] ] -RRB- 32855 397 5 | | CD 32855 397 6 1 1 CD 32855 397 7 | | CD 32855 397 8 ... ... : 32855 397 9 | | CD 32855 397 10 20 20 CD 32855 397 11 min min NN 32855 397 12 . . . 32855 398 1 + + LS 32855 398 2 -----------+---------+--------+----------------- -----------+---------+--------+----------------- NFP 32855 398 3 Totals totals NN 32855 398 4 | | CD 32855 398 5 12 12 CD 32855 398 6 | | CD 32855 398 7 12 12 CD 32855 398 8 | | CD 32855 398 9 8 8 CD 32855 398 10 | | CD 32855 398 11 5 5 CD 32855 398 12 min min NN 32855 398 13 . . . 32855 399 1 30 30 CD 32855 399 2 sec sec NNP 32855 399 3 . . . 32855 400 1 -------------+-----------+---------+--------+----------------- -------------+-----------+---------+--------+----------------- NFP 32855 400 2 [ [ -LRB- 32855 400 3 B b NN 32855 400 4 ] ] -RRB- 32855 400 5 Directed direct VBN 32855 400 6 against against IN 32855 400 7 a a DT 32855 400 8 stuffed stuff VBN 32855 400 9 Bell Bell NNP 32855 400 10 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 400 11 . . . 32855 401 1 Probably probably RB 32855 401 2 as as IN 32855 401 3 a a DT 32855 401 4 direct direct JJ 32855 401 5 result result NN 32855 401 6 of of IN 32855 401 7 these these DT 32855 401 8 conflicts conflict NNS 32855 401 9 , , , 32855 401 10 a a DT 32855 401 11 neutral neutral JJ 32855 401 12 zone zone NN 32855 401 13 approximately approximately RB 32855 401 14 300 300 CD 32855 401 15 feet foot NNS 32855 401 16 wide wide JJ 32855 401 17 developed develop VBN 32855 401 18 between between IN 32855 401 19 the the DT 32855 401 20 two two CD 32855 401 21 territories territory NNS 32855 401 22 . . . 32855 402 1 By by IN 32855 402 2 May May NNP 32855 402 3 14 14 CD 32855 402 4 this this DT 32855 402 5 intervening intervene VBG 32855 402 6 area area NN 32855 402 7 was be VBD 32855 402 8 occupied occupy VBN 32855 402 9 by by IN 32855 402 10 male male JJ 32855 402 11 4 4 CD 32855 402 12 ( ( -LRB- 32855 402 13 1960 1960 CD 32855 402 14 ) ) -RRB- 32855 402 15 . . . 32855 403 1 By by IN 32855 403 2 this this DT 32855 403 3 date date NN 32855 403 4 both both DT 32855 403 5 1 1 CD 32855 403 6 ( ( -LRB- 32855 403 7 1960 1960 CD 32855 403 8 ) ) -RRB- 32855 403 9 and and CC 32855 403 10 2 2 CD 32855 403 11 ( ( -LRB- 32855 403 12 1960 1960 CD 32855 403 13 ) ) -RRB- 32855 403 14 were be VBD 32855 403 15 involved involve VBN 32855 403 16 in in IN 32855 403 17 nestbuilding nestbuilde VBG 32855 403 18 and and CC 32855 403 19 4 4 CD 32855 403 20 ( ( -LRB- 32855 403 21 1960 1960 CD 32855 403 22 ) ) -RRB- 32855 403 23 was be VBD 32855 403 24 not not RB 32855 403 25 challenged challenge VBN 32855 403 26 for for IN 32855 403 27 several several JJ 32855 403 28 days day NNS 32855 403 29 . . . 32855 404 1 Maximum maximum JJ 32855 404 2 tail tail NN 32855 404 3 - - HYPH 32855 404 4 fanning fanning NN 32855 404 5 prior prior RB 32855 404 6 to to IN 32855 404 7 attack attack NN 32855 404 8 also also RB 32855 404 9 appears appear VBZ 32855 404 10 as as IN 32855 404 11 an an DT 32855 404 12 element element NN 32855 404 13 of of IN 32855 404 14 aggressive aggressive JJ 32855 404 15 behavior behavior NN 32855 404 16 in in IN 32855 404 17 White white JJ 32855 404 18 - - HYPH 32855 404 19 eyed eyed JJ 32855 404 20 Vireos Vireos NNP 32855 404 21 . . . 32855 405 1 A a DT 32855 405 2 brief brief JJ 32855 405 3 skirmish skirmish NN 32855 405 4 between between IN 32855 405 5 a a DT 32855 405 6 male male NN 32855 405 7 of of IN 32855 405 8 this this DT 32855 405 9 species specie NNS 32855 405 10 and and CC 32855 405 11 a a DT 32855 405 12 small small JJ 32855 405 13 , , , 32855 405 14 greenish greenish JJ 32855 405 15 passerine passerine NN 32855 405 16 was be VBD 32855 405 17 observed observe VBN 32855 405 18 at at IN 32855 405 19 the the DT 32855 405 20 Natural Natural NNP 32855 405 21 History History NNP 32855 405 22 Reservation Reservation NNP 32855 405 23 on on IN 32855 405 24 May May NNP 32855 405 25 25 25 CD 32855 405 26 , , , 32855 405 27 1960 1960 CD 32855 405 28 . . . 32855 406 1 The the DT 32855 406 2 White white JJ 32855 406 3 - - HYPH 32855 406 4 eyed eye VBN 32855 406 5 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 406 6 was be VBD 32855 406 7 singing singe VBG 32855 406 8 from from IN 32855 406 9 a a DT 32855 406 10 perch perch NN 32855 406 11 30 30 CD 32855 406 12 feet foot NNS 32855 406 13 high high JJ 32855 406 14 in in IN 32855 406 15 a a DT 32855 406 16 dead dead JJ 32855 406 17 elm elm NN 32855 406 18 , , , 32855 406 19 when when WRB 32855 406 20 the the DT 32855 406 21 unidentified unidentified JJ 32855 406 22 passerine passerine NN 32855 406 23 landed land VBD 32855 406 24 10 10 CD 32855 406 25 feet foot NNS 32855 406 26 distant distant JJ 32855 406 27 . . . 32855 407 1 The the DT 32855 407 2 white white JJ 32855 407 3 - - HYPH 32855 407 4 eye eye NN 32855 407 5 ceased cease VBD 32855 407 6 regular regular JJ 32855 407 7 song song NN 32855 407 8 and and CC 32855 407 9 uttered utter VBD 32855 407 10 several several JJ 32855 407 11 catbirdlike catbirdlike NN 32855 407 12 calls call NNS 32855 407 13 , , , 32855 407 14 and and CC 32855 407 15 at at IN 32855 407 16 the the DT 32855 407 17 same same JJ 32855 407 18 time time NN 32855 407 19 slightly slightly RB 32855 407 20 depressed depressed JJ 32855 407 21 and and CC 32855 407 22 fully fully RB 32855 407 23 fanned fan VBD 32855 407 24 the the DT 32855 407 25 tail tail NN 32855 407 26 . . . 32855 408 1 After after IN 32855 408 2 10 10 CD 32855 408 3 seconds second NNS 32855 408 4 , , , 32855 408 5 the the DT 32855 408 6 white white JJ 32855 408 7 - - HYPH 32855 408 8 eye eye NN 32855 408 9 lunged lunge VBN 32855 408 10 at at IN 32855 408 11 the the DT 32855 408 12 intruder intruder NN 32855 408 13 , , , 32855 408 14 striking strike VBG 32855 408 15 it -PRON- PRP 32855 408 16 in in IN 32855 408 17 mid mid NN 32855 408 18 - - NN 32855 408 19 air air NN 32855 408 20 . . . 32855 409 1 A a DT 32855 409 2 brief brief JJ 32855 409 3 looping looping NN 32855 409 4 flight flight NN 32855 409 5 ensued ensue VBN 32855 409 6 through through IN 32855 409 7 the the DT 32855 409 8 branches branch NNS 32855 409 9 of of IN 32855 409 10 the the DT 32855 409 11 elm elm NN 32855 409 12 before before IN 32855 409 13 the the DT 32855 409 14 intruder intruder NN 32855 409 15 was be VBD 32855 409 16 able able JJ 32855 409 17 effectively effectively RB 32855 409 18 to to TO 32855 409 19 retreat retreat VB 32855 409 20 . . . 32855 410 1 _ _ NNP 32855 410 2 Aggressive aggressive JJ 32855 410 3 Behavior Behavior NNP 32855 410 4 of of IN 32855 410 5 the the DT 32855 410 6 Female Female NNP 32855 410 7 _ _ NNP 32855 410 8 The the DT 32855 410 9 female female JJ 32855 410 10 Bell Bell NNP 32855 410 11 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 410 12 is be VBZ 32855 410 13 concerned concern VBN 32855 410 14 primarily primarily RB 32855 410 15 with with IN 32855 410 16 the the DT 32855 410 17 defense defense NN 32855 410 18 of of IN 32855 410 19 the the DT 32855 410 20 nest nest NN 32855 410 21 and and CC 32855 410 22 the the DT 32855 410 23 young young JJ 32855 410 24 and and CC 32855 410 25 she -PRON- PRP 32855 410 26 rarely rarely RB 32855 410 27 assists assist VBZ 32855 410 28 the the DT 32855 410 29 male male NN 32855 410 30 in in IN 32855 410 31 defense defense NN 32855 410 32 of of IN 32855 410 33 distant distant JJ 32855 410 34 parts part NNS 32855 410 35 of of IN 32855 410 36 the the DT 32855 410 37 territory territory NN 32855 410 38 . . . 32855 411 1 She -PRON- PRP 32855 411 2 employs employ VBZ 32855 411 3 the the DT 32855 411 4 same same JJ 32855 411 5 threat threat NN 32855 411 6 displays display NNS 32855 411 7 as as IN 32855 411 8 the the DT 32855 411 9 male male NN 32855 411 10 . . . 32855 412 1 _ _ NNP 32855 412 2 Interspecific Interspecific NNP 32855 412 3 Relationships Relationships NNPS 32855 412 4 _ _ NNP 32855 412 5 A a DT 32855 412 6 number number NN 32855 412 7 of of IN 32855 412 8 meetings meeting NNS 32855 412 9 between between IN 32855 412 10 Bell Bell NNP 32855 412 11 Vireos Vireos NNP 32855 412 12 and and CC 32855 412 13 other other JJ 32855 412 14 species specie NNS 32855 412 15 were be VBD 32855 412 16 observed observe VBN 32855 412 17 in in IN 32855 412 18 the the DT 32855 412 19 course course NN 32855 412 20 of of IN 32855 412 21 the the DT 32855 412 22 study study NN 32855 412 23 ( ( -LRB- 32855 412 24 Table table NN 32855 412 25 4 4 CD 32855 412 26 ) ) -RRB- 32855 412 27 . . . 32855 413 1 Resident resident JJ 32855 413 2 pairs pair NNS 32855 413 3 of of IN 32855 413 4 this this DT 32855 413 5 species specie NNS 32855 413 6 exhibited exhibit VBD 32855 413 7 different different JJ 32855 413 8 degrees degree NNS 32855 413 9 of of IN 32855 413 10 tolerance tolerance NN 32855 413 11 toward toward IN 32855 413 12 other other JJ 32855 413 13 species specie NNS 32855 413 14 . . . 32855 414 1 Many many JJ 32855 414 2 birds bird NNS 32855 414 3 , , , 32855 414 4 including include VBG 32855 414 5 Cardinals Cardinals NNPS 32855 414 6 , , , 32855 414 7 Field Field NNP 32855 414 8 Sparrows Sparrows NNPS 32855 414 9 , , , 32855 414 10 Painted Painted NNP 32855 414 11 Buntings Buntings NNP 32855 414 12 and and CC 32855 414 13 Mourning Mourning NNP 32855 414 14 Doves Doves NNPS 32855 414 15 were be VBD 32855 414 16 ignored ignore VBN 32855 414 17 completely completely RB 32855 414 18 . . . 32855 415 1 Chickadees chickadee NNS 32855 415 2 evoked evoke VBD 32855 415 3 responses response NNS 32855 415 4 characterized characterize VBN 32855 415 5 by by IN 32855 415 6 slight slight JJ 32855 415 7 increase increase NN 32855 415 8 in in IN 32855 415 9 song song NN 32855 415 10 and and CC 32855 415 11 some some DT 32855 415 12 anxiety anxiety NN 32855 415 13 ; ; : 32855 415 14 this this DT 32855 415 15 was be VBD 32855 415 16 perhaps perhaps RB 32855 415 17 owing owe VBG 32855 415 18 to to IN 32855 415 19 similarity similarity NN 32855 415 20 in in IN 32855 415 21 size size NN 32855 415 22 , , , 32855 415 23 motion motion NN 32855 415 24 and and CC 32855 415 25 call call VB 32855 415 26 notes note NNS 32855 415 27 . . . 32855 416 1 Warblers warbler NNS 32855 416 2 , , , 32855 416 3 when when WRB 32855 416 4 met meet VBD 32855 416 5 with with IN 32855 416 6 , , , 32855 416 7 were be VBD 32855 416 8 invariably invariably RB 32855 416 9 chased chase VBN 32855 416 10 . . . 32855 417 1 They -PRON- PRP 32855 417 2 may may MD 32855 417 3 be be VB 32855 417 4 momentarily momentarily RB 32855 417 5 mistaken mistake VBN 32855 417 6 for for IN 32855 417 7 rival rival JJ 32855 417 8 vireos vireo NNS 32855 417 9 . . . 32855 418 1 TABLE TABLE NNP 32855 418 2 4 4 CD 32855 418 3 . . . 32855 419 1 INTERSPECIFIC INTERSPECIFIC NNP 32855 419 2 CONFLICT CONFLICT NNP 32855 419 3 OBSERVED observe VBN 32855 419 4 IN in IN 32855 419 5 1959 1959 CD 32855 419 6 AND and CC 32855 419 7 1960 1960 CD 32855 419 8 . . . 32855 420 1 = = NFP 32855 420 2 = = NFP 32855 420 3 = = SYM 32855 420 4 = = SYM 32855 420 5 = = SYM 32855 420 6 = = SYM 32855 420 7 = = SYM 32855 420 8 = = SYM 32855 420 9 = = SYM 32855 420 10 = = SYM 32855 420 11 = = SYM 32855 420 12 = = SYM 32855 420 13 = = SYM 32855 420 14 = = SYM 32855 420 15 = = SYM 32855 420 16 = = SYM 32855 420 17 = = SYM 32855 420 18 = = SYM 32855 420 19 = = SYM 32855 420 20 = = SYM 32855 420 21 = = SYM 32855 420 22 = = SYM 32855 420 23 = = SYM 32855 420 24 = = SYM 32855 420 25 = = SYM 32855 420 26 = = SYM 32855 420 27 = = SYM 32855 420 28 = = SYM 32855 420 29 = = SYM 32855 420 30 = = SYM 32855 420 31 = = SYM 32855 420 32 = = SYM 32855 420 33 = = SYM 32855 420 34 = = SYM 32855 420 35 = = SYM 32855 420 36 = = SYM 32855 420 37 = = SYM 32855 420 38 = = SYM 32855 420 39 = = SYM 32855 420 40 = = SYM 32855 420 41 = = SYM 32855 420 42 = = SYM 32855 420 43 = = SYM 32855 420 44 = = SYM 32855 420 45 = = SYM 32855 420 46 = = SYM 32855 420 47 = = SYM 32855 420 48 = = SYM 32855 420 49 = = SYM 32855 420 50 = = SYM 32855 420 51 = = SYM 32855 420 52 = = SYM 32855 420 53 = = SYM 32855 420 54 = = SYM 32855 420 55 = = SYM 32855 420 56 = = SYM 32855 420 57 = = SYM 32855 420 58 = = SYM 32855 420 59 = = SYM 32855 420 60 = = SYM 32855 420 61 = = SYM 32855 420 62 = = SYM 32855 420 63 = = SYM 32855 420 64 = = SYM 32855 420 65 = = SYM 32855 420 66 = = SYM 32855 420 67 | | NNP 32855 420 68 Number Number NNP 32855 420 69 | | NNP 32855 420 70 Phase Phase NNP 32855 420 71 of of IN 32855 420 72 | | NNP 32855 420 73 Behavior Behavior NNP 32855 420 74 of of IN 32855 420 75 | | NNP 32855 420 76 | | NNP 32855 420 77 | | CD 32855 420 78 Bell Bell NNP 32855 420 79 Vireos Vireos NNP 32855 420 80 Species Species NNP 32855 420 81 | | NNP 32855 420 82 of of IN 32855 420 83 | | CD 32855 420 84 breeding breeding NN 32855 420 85 + + SYM 32855 420 86 ------+---+----+--- ------+---+----+--- NFP 32855 420 87 |conflicts| |conflicts| NNP 32855 420 88 cycle cycle NN 32855 420 89 |HFT[C]| |hft[c]| NN 32855 420 90 S S NNP 32855 420 91 | | NNP 32855 420 92 TF TF NNP 32855 420 93 | | NNP 32855 420 94 A A NNP 32855 420 95 ---------------------+---------+--------------+------+---+----+--- ---------------------+---------+--------------+------+---+----+--- , 32855 420 96 _ _ NNP 32855 420 97 Coccyzus Coccyzus NNP 32855 420 98 | | NNP 32855 420 99 1 1 CD 32855 420 100 | | NNP 32855 420 101 Nestling Nestling NNP 32855 420 102 | | NNP 32855 420 103 | | NNP 32855 420 104 | | CD 32855 420 105 | | CD 32855 420 106 americanus americanus NNP 32855 420 107 _ _ NNP 32855 420 108 | | NNP 32855 420 109 | | NNP 32855 420 110 period period NN 32855 420 111 | | NNP 32855 420 112 -- -- : 32855 420 113 | | NNP 32855 420 114 x x SYM 32855 420 115 | | CD 32855 420 116 | | CD 32855 420 117 | | CD 32855 420 118 | | CD 32855 420 119 | | CD 32855 420 120 | | CD 32855 420 121 | | CD 32855 420 122 | | NNP 32855 420 123 _ _ NNP 32855 420 124 Cyanocitta Cyanocitta NNP 32855 420 125 | | NNP 32855 420 126 3[D 3[d CD 32855 420 127 ] ] -RRB- 32855 420 128 | | NNP 32855 420 129 Nestling Nestling NNP 32855 420 130 and and CC 32855 420 131 | | NNP 32855 420 132 | | NNP 32855 420 133 | | CD 32855 420 134 | | CD 32855 420 135 cristata cristata NN 32855 420 136 _ _ NNP 32855 420 137 | | NNP 32855 420 138 | | CD 32855 420 139 incubation incubation NN 32855 420 140 | | NNP 32855 420 141 | | CD 32855 420 142 | | CD 32855 420 143 | | CD 32855 420 144 | | CD 32855 420 145 | | CD 32855 420 146 period period NN 32855 420 147 | | NNP 32855 420 148 x x SYM 32855 420 149 | | NNP 32855 420 150 x x SYM 32855 420 151 | | NNP 32855 420 152 x x SYM 32855 420 153 | | NNP 32855 420 154 x x SYM 32855 420 155 | | CD 32855 420 156 | | CD 32855 420 157 | | CD 32855 420 158 | | CD 32855 420 159 | | CD 32855 420 160 | | NNP 32855 420 161 _ _ NNP 32855 420 162 Parus Parus NNP 32855 420 163 atricapillus atricapillus NN 32855 420 164 _ _ NNP 32855 420 165 | | NNP 32855 420 166 1 1 CD 32855 420 167 | | NNP 32855 420 168 Prenesting Prenesting NNP 32855 420 169 | | NNP 32855 420 170 -- -- : 32855 420 171 | | NNP 32855 420 172 x x SYM 32855 420 173 | | CD 32855 420 174 | | CD 32855 420 175 | | CD 32855 420 176 | | CD 32855 420 177 | | CD 32855 420 178 | | CD 32855 420 179 | | CD 32855 420 180 | | CD 32855 420 181 _ _ NNP 32855 420 182 Molothrus Molothrus NNP 32855 420 183 ater ater NN 32855 420 184 _ _ NNP 32855 420 185 | | NNP 32855 420 186 1 1 CD 32855 420 187 | | NNP 32855 420 188 Nestling Nestling NNP 32855 420 189 | | NNP 32855 420 190 | | NNP 32855 420 191 | | CD 32855 420 192 | | CD 32855 420 193 | | CD 32855 420 194 | | CD 32855 420 195 period period NN 32855 420 196 | | NNP 32855 420 197 -- -- : 32855 420 198 | | NNP 32855 420 199 x x SYM 32855 420 200 | | NNP 32855 420 201 -- -- : 32855 420 202 | | NNP 32855 420 203 x x SYM 32855 420 204 | | CD 32855 420 205 | | CD 32855 420 206 | | CD 32855 420 207 | | CD 32855 420 208 | | CD 32855 420 209 | | NNP 32855 420 210 _ _ NNP 32855 420 211 Dendroica Dendroica NNP 32855 420 212 petechia petechia NN 32855 420 213 _ _ NNP 32855 420 214 | | NNP 32855 420 215 1 1 CD 32855 420 216 | | NNP 32855 420 217 Prenesting Prenesting NNP 32855 420 218 | | NNP 32855 420 219 -- -- : 32855 420 220 | | NNP 32855 420 221 x x SYM 32855 420 222 | | NNP 32855 420 223 -- -- : 32855 420 224 | | NNP 32855 420 225 x x SYM 32855 420 226 | | CD 32855 420 227 | | CD 32855 420 228 | | CD 32855 420 229 | | CD 32855 420 230 | | CD 32855 420 231 | | CD 32855 420 232 _ _ NNP 32855 420 233 Geothlypis Geothlypis NNP 32855 420 234 trichas tricha VBZ 32855 420 235 _ _ NNP 32855 420 236 | | NNP 32855 420 237 1 1 CD 32855 420 238 | | CD 32855 420 239 Nestbuilding Nestbuilding NNP 32855 420 240 | | NNP 32855 420 241 -- -- : 32855 420 242 | | NNS 32855 420 243 x x SYM 32855 420 244 | | NNP 32855 420 245 -- -- : 32855 420 246 | | NNP 32855 420 247 x x SYM 32855 420 248 | | CD 32855 420 249 | | CD 32855 420 250 | | CD 32855 420 251 | | CD 32855 420 252 | | CD 32855 420 253 | | NNP 32855 420 254 _ _ NNP 32855 420 255 Pituophis Pituophis NNP 32855 420 256 | | NNP 32855 420 257 | | NNP 32855 420 258 | | CD 32855 420 259 | | CD 32855 420 260 | | CD 32855 420 261 | | CD 32855 420 262 catenifer_[E catenifer_[E NNS 32855 420 263 ] ] -RRB- 32855 420 264 | | NNP 32855 420 265 1 1 CD 32855 420 266 | | CD 32855 420 267 Post post NN 32855 420 268 - - JJ 32855 420 269 fledging| fledging| NNP 32855 420 270 -- -- : 32855 420 271 | | NNS 32855 420 272 x x SYM 32855 420 273 | | NNP 32855 420 274 -- -- : 32855 420 275 | | NNS 32855 420 276 x x SYM 32855 420 277 ---------------------+---------+--------------+------+---+----+--- ---------------------+---------+--------------+------+---+----+--- NNS 32855 420 278 [ [ -LRB- 32855 420 279 C C NNP 32855 420 280 ] ] -RRB- 32855 420 281 HFT HFT NNP 32855 420 282 = = SYM 32855 420 283 head head NN 32855 420 284 - - HYPH 32855 420 285 forward forward NN 32855 420 286 threat threat NN 32855 420 287 ; ; : 32855 420 288 S S NNP 32855 420 289 = = SYM 32855 420 290 scolding scold VBG 32855 420 291 ; ; : 32855 420 292 TF TF NNP 32855 420 293 = = SYM 32855 420 294 tail tail NN 32855 420 295 - - HYPH 32855 420 296 fanning fanning NN 32855 420 297 ; ; : 32855 420 298 A a NN 32855 420 299 = = SYM 32855 420 300 attack attack NN 32855 420 301 . . . 32855 421 1 [ [ -LRB- 32855 421 2 D d NN 32855 421 3 ] ] -RRB- 32855 421 4 Includes include VBZ 32855 421 5 attack attack NN 32855 421 6 against against IN 32855 421 7 a a DT 32855 421 8 dummy dummy JJ 32855 421 9 Blue Blue NNP 32855 421 10 Jay Jay NNP 32855 421 11 . . . 32855 422 1 [ [ -LRB- 32855 422 2 E e NN 32855 422 3 ] ] -RRB- 32855 422 4 The the DT 32855 422 5 Bull Bull NNP 32855 422 6 Snake Snake NNP 32855 422 7 is be VBZ 32855 422 8 here here RB 32855 422 9 included include VBN 32855 422 10 because because IN 32855 422 11 the the DT 32855 422 12 vireos vireos NN 32855 422 13 directed direct VBD 32855 422 14 typical typical JJ 32855 422 15 aggressive aggressive JJ 32855 422 16 displays display NNS 32855 422 17 towards towards IN 32855 422 18 it -PRON- PRP 32855 422 19 . . . 32855 423 1 Blue Blue NNP 32855 423 2 Jays Jays NNPS 32855 423 3 were be VBD 32855 423 4 vigorously vigorously RB 32855 423 5 attacked attack VBN 32855 423 6 , , , 32855 423 7 especially especially RB 32855 423 8 late late RB 32855 423 9 in in IN 32855 423 10 incubation incubation NN 32855 423 11 and and CC 32855 423 12 throughout throughout IN 32855 423 13 the the DT 32855 423 14 nestling nestle VBG 32855 423 15 period period NN 32855 423 16 of of IN 32855 423 17 the the DT 32855 423 18 Bell Bell NNP 32855 423 19 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 423 20 . . . 32855 424 1 I -PRON- PRP 32855 424 2 did do VBD 32855 424 3 not not RB 32855 424 4 see see VB 32855 424 5 a a DT 32855 424 6 jay jay NNP 32855 424 7 struck strike VBN 32855 424 8 , , , 32855 424 9 but but CC 32855 424 10 a a DT 32855 424 11 vireo vireo NN 32855 424 12 would would MD 32855 424 13 circle circle VB 32855 424 14 one one CD 32855 424 15 closely closely RB 32855 424 16 as as IN 32855 424 17 it -PRON- PRP 32855 424 18 perched perch VBD 32855 424 19 and and CC 32855 424 20 pursue pursue VB 32855 424 21 it -PRON- PRP 32855 424 22 when when WRB 32855 424 23 it -PRON- PRP 32855 424 24 flew fly VBD 32855 424 25 , , , 32855 424 26 following follow VBG 32855 424 27 as as RB 32855 424 28 far far RB 32855 424 29 as as IN 32855 424 30 100 100 CD 32855 424 31 yards yard NNS 32855 424 32 beyond beyond IN 32855 424 33 territorial territorial JJ 32855 424 34 bounds bound NNS 32855 424 35 . . . 32855 425 1 The the DT 32855 425 2 buzz buzz NN 32855 425 3 , , , 32855 425 4 ZZ ZZ NNP 32855 425 5 - - HYPH 32855 425 6 ZZ ZZ NNP 32855 425 7 - - HYPH 32855 425 8 ZZ ZZ NNP 32855 425 9 - - HYPH 32855 425 10 ZZ ZZ NNP 32855 425 11 , , , 32855 425 12 was be VBD 32855 425 13 uttered utter VBN 32855 425 14 in in IN 32855 425 15 conjunction conjunction NN 32855 425 16 with with IN 32855 425 17 this this DT 32855 425 18 harassment harassment NN 32855 425 19 . . . 32855 426 1 A a DT 32855 426 2 stuffed stuffed JJ 32855 426 3 jay jay NNP 32855 426 4 placed place VBD 32855 426 5 eight eight CD 32855 426 6 feet foot NNS 32855 426 7 from from IN 32855 426 8 a a DT 32855 426 9 nest nest NN 32855 426 10 elicited elicit VBN 32855 426 11 threat threat NN 32855 426 12 display display NN 32855 426 13 and and CC 32855 426 14 displacement displacement NN 32855 426 15 behavior behavior NN 32855 426 16 from from IN 32855 426 17 the the DT 32855 426 18 owners owner NNS 32855 426 19 of of IN 32855 426 20 the the DT 32855 426 21 nest nest NN 32855 426 22 , , , 32855 426 23 but but CC 32855 426 24 no no DT 32855 426 25 attack attack NN 32855 426 26 . . . 32855 427 1 Incubation incubation NN 32855 427 2 had have VBD 32855 427 3 just just RB 32855 427 4 begun begin VBN 32855 427 5 at at IN 32855 427 6 this this DT 32855 427 7 nest nest NN 32855 427 8 . . . 32855 428 1 A a DT 32855 428 2 dummy dummy NN 32855 428 3 Bell Bell NNP 32855 428 4 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 428 5 placed place VBD 32855 428 6 close close RB 32855 428 7 to to IN 32855 428 8 another another DT 32855 428 9 nest nest NN 32855 428 10 only only RB 32855 428 11 momentarily momentarily RB 32855 428 12 disturbed disturb VBD 32855 428 13 the the DT 32855 428 14 male male NN 32855 428 15 , , , 32855 428 16 and and CC 32855 428 17 the the DT 32855 428 18 female female NN 32855 428 19 completely completely RB 32855 428 20 ignored ignore VBD 32855 428 21 it -PRON- PRP 32855 428 22 . . . 32855 429 1 Incubation incubation NN 32855 429 2 had have VBD 32855 429 3 also also RB 32855 429 4 recently recently RB 32855 429 5 begun begin VBN 32855 429 6 at at IN 32855 429 7 this this DT 32855 429 8 nest nest NN 32855 429 9 . . . 32855 430 1 At at IN 32855 430 2 this this DT 32855 430 3 same same JJ 32855 430 4 general general JJ 32855 430 5 stage stage NN 32855 430 6 , , , 32855 430 7 moreover moreover RB 32855 430 8 , , , 32855 430 9 nesting nest VBG 32855 430 10 pairs pair NNS 32855 430 11 showed show VBD 32855 430 12 little little JJ 32855 430 13 inclination inclination NN 32855 430 14 to to TO 32855 430 15 harass harass VB 32855 430 16 me -PRON- PRP 32855 430 17 . . . 32855 431 1 _ _ NNP 32855 431 2 Discussion Discussion NNP 32855 431 3 _ _ NNP 32855 431 4 Hinde Hinde NNP 32855 431 5 ( ( -LRB- 32855 431 6 1956:341 1956:341 CD 32855 431 7 - - SYM 32855 431 8 342 342 CD 32855 431 9 ) ) -RRB- 32855 431 10 indicates indicate VBZ 32855 431 11 that that IN 32855 431 12 territory territory NN 32855 431 13 has have VBZ 32855 431 14 been be VBN 32855 431 15 defined define VBN 32855 431 16 in in IN 32855 431 17 a a DT 32855 431 18 number number NN 32855 431 19 of of IN 32855 431 20 ways way NNS 32855 431 21 by by IN 32855 431 22 many many JJ 32855 431 23 workers worker NNS 32855 431 24 . . . 32855 432 1 All all DT 32855 432 2 of of IN 32855 432 3 the the DT 32855 432 4 definitions definition NNS 32855 432 5 involve involve VBP 32855 432 6 modification modification NN 32855 432 7 of of IN 32855 432 8 Howard Howard NNP 32855 432 9 's 's POS 32855 432 10 classic classic JJ 32855 432 11 " " `` 32855 432 12 defended defended JJ 32855 432 13 area area NN 32855 432 14 . . . 32855 432 15 " " '' 32855 433 1 Pitelka Pitelka NNP 32855 433 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 433 3 1959:253 1959:253 CD 32855 433 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 433 5 has have VBZ 32855 433 6 reacted react VBN 32855 433 7 against against IN 32855 433 8 this this DT 32855 433 9 behaviorally behaviorally RB 32855 433 10 - - HYPH 32855 433 11 oriented orient VBN 32855 433 12 concept concept NN 32855 433 13 . . . 32855 434 1 He -PRON- PRP 32855 434 2 thinks think VBZ 32855 434 3 that that IN 32855 434 4 the the DT 32855 434 5 concept concept NN 32855 434 6 of of IN 32855 434 7 territory territory NN 32855 434 8 should should MD 32855 434 9 be be VB 32855 434 10 based base VBN 32855 434 11 on on IN 32855 434 12 exclusive exclusive JJ 32855 434 13 use use NN 32855 434 14 of of IN 32855 434 15 an an DT 32855 434 16 area area NN 32855 434 17 by by IN 32855 434 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 32855 434 19 occupants occupant NNS 32855 434 20 , , , 32855 434 21 and and CC 32855 434 22 not not RB 32855 434 23 so so RB 32855 434 24 much much JJ 32855 434 25 the the DT 32855 434 26 defense defense NN 32855 434 27 by by IN 32855 434 28 which which WDT 32855 434 29 they -PRON- PRP 32855 434 30 maintain maintain VBP 32855 434 31 it -PRON- PRP 32855 434 32 . . . 32855 435 1 Methods method NNS 32855 435 2 of of IN 32855 435 3 treating treat VBG 32855 435 4 territoriality territoriality NN 32855 435 5 in in IN 32855 435 6 the the DT 32855 435 7 Bell Bell NNP 32855 435 8 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 435 9 seemingly seemingly RB 32855 435 10 incorporate incorporate VBP 32855 435 11 features feature NNS 32855 435 12 of of IN 32855 435 13 both both DT 32855 435 14 schools school NNS 32855 435 15 of of IN 32855 435 16 thought thought NN 32855 435 17 . . . 32855 436 1 The the DT 32855 436 2 area area NN 32855 436 3 used use VBD 32855 436 4 exclusively exclusively RB 32855 436 5 for for IN 32855 436 6 all all DT 32855 436 7 biological biological JJ 32855 436 8 needs need NNS 32855 436 9 by by IN 32855 436 10 a a DT 32855 436 11 single single JJ 32855 436 12 pair pair NN 32855 436 13 of of IN 32855 436 14 Bell Bell NNP 32855 436 15 Vireos Vireos NNP 32855 436 16 is be VBZ 32855 436 17 vigorously vigorously RB 32855 436 18 defended defend VBN 32855 436 19 both both CC 32855 436 20 physically physically RB 32855 436 21 and and CC 32855 436 22 vocally vocally RB 32855 436 23 early early RB 32855 436 24 in in IN 32855 436 25 the the DT 32855 436 26 breeding breeding NN 32855 436 27 season season NN 32855 436 28 and and CC 32855 436 29 vocally vocally RB 32855 436 30 as as IN 32855 436 31 the the DT 32855 436 32 season season NN 32855 436 33 progresses progress VBZ 32855 436 34 . . . 32855 437 1 In in IN 32855 437 2 the the DT 32855 437 3 period period NN 32855 437 4 of of IN 32855 437 5 territorial territorial JJ 32855 437 6 establishment establishment NN 32855 437 7 a a DT 32855 437 8 relatively relatively RB 32855 437 9 large large JJ 32855 437 10 area area NN 32855 437 11 is be VBZ 32855 437 12 actively actively RB 32855 437 13 defended defend VBN 32855 437 14 . . . 32855 438 1 The the DT 32855 438 2 building building NN 32855 438 3 of of IN 32855 438 4 a a DT 32855 438 5 nest nest NN 32855 438 6 establishes establish VBZ 32855 438 7 a a DT 32855 438 8 focal focal JJ 32855 438 9 point point NN 32855 438 10 of of IN 32855 438 11 activity activity NN 32855 438 12 in in IN 32855 438 13 a a DT 32855 438 14 somewhat somewhat RB 32855 438 15 more more RBR 32855 438 16 restricted restricted JJ 32855 438 17 area area NN 32855 438 18 than than IN 32855 438 19 that that DT 32855 438 20 originally originally RB 32855 438 21 occupied occupy VBN 32855 438 22 . . . 32855 439 1 After after IN 32855 439 2 the the DT 32855 439 3 success success NN 32855 439 4 or or CC 32855 439 5 failure failure NN 32855 439 6 of of IN 32855 439 7 a a DT 32855 439 8 nest nest NN 32855 439 9 , , , 32855 439 10 a a DT 32855 439 11 new new JJ 32855 439 12 site site NN 32855 439 13 is be VBZ 32855 439 14 selected select VBN 32855 439 15 to to TO 32855 439 16 which which WDT 32855 439 17 the the DT 32855 439 18 focal focal JJ 32855 439 19 point point NN 32855 439 20 of of IN 32855 439 21 activity activity NN 32855 439 22 is be VBZ 32855 439 23 shifted shift VBN 32855 439 24 . . . 32855 440 1 If if IN 32855 440 2 suitable suitable JJ 32855 440 3 habitat habitat NN 32855 440 4 adjacent adjacent JJ 32855 440 5 to to IN 32855 440 6 the the DT 32855 440 7 extant extant JJ 32855 440 8 territory territory NN 32855 440 9 is be VBZ 32855 440 10 unoccupied unoccupied JJ 32855 440 11 by by IN 32855 440 12 other other JJ 32855 440 13 Bell Bell NNP 32855 440 14 Vireos vireos VB 32855 440 15 the the DT 32855 440 16 unoccupied unoccupied JJ 32855 440 17 area area NN 32855 440 18 may may MD 32855 440 19 be be VB 32855 440 20 annexed annex VBN 32855 440 21 in in IN 32855 440 22 the the DT 32855 440 23 course course NN 32855 440 24 of of IN 32855 440 25 searching search VBG 32855 440 26 for for IN 32855 440 27 a a DT 32855 440 28 new new JJ 32855 440 29 site site NN 32855 440 30 . . . 32855 441 1 Such such JJ 32855 441 2 annexation annexation NN 32855 441 3 occurs occur VBZ 32855 441 4 only only RB 32855 441 5 when when WRB 32855 441 6 pairs pair NNS 32855 441 7 formerly formerly RB 32855 441 8 occupying occupy VBG 32855 441 9 adjacent adjacent JJ 32855 441 10 suitable suitable JJ 32855 441 11 habitat habitat NN 32855 441 12 disappear disappear VBP 32855 441 13 from from IN 32855 441 14 this this DT 32855 441 15 territory territory NN 32855 441 16 ; ; : 32855 441 17 possibly possibly RB 32855 441 18 the the DT 32855 441 19 size size NN 32855 441 20 of of IN 32855 441 21 the the DT 32855 441 22 territory territory NN 32855 441 23 of of IN 32855 441 24 any any DT 32855 441 25 one one CD 32855 441 26 pair pair NN 32855 441 27 is be VBZ 32855 441 28 dictated dictate VBN 32855 441 29 by by IN 32855 441 30 the the DT 32855 441 31 density density NN 32855 441 32 of of IN 32855 441 33 population population NN 32855 441 34 of of IN 32855 441 35 the the DT 32855 441 36 species specie NNS 32855 441 37 as as RB 32855 441 38 well well RB 32855 441 39 as as IN 32855 441 40 by by IN 32855 441 41 the the DT 32855 441 42 presence presence NN 32855 441 43 of of IN 32855 441 44 suitable suitable JJ 32855 441 45 habitat habitat NN 32855 441 46 . . . 32855 442 1 This this DT 32855 442 2 may may MD 32855 442 3 not not RB 32855 442 4 always always RB 32855 442 5 be be VB 32855 442 6 true true JJ 32855 442 7 as as IN 32855 442 8 indicated indicate VBN 32855 442 9 by by IN 32855 442 10 Kliujver Kliujver NNP 32855 442 11 ( ( -LRB- 32855 442 12 1951:40 1951:40 CD 32855 442 13 ) ) -RRB- 32855 442 14 , , , 32855 442 15 who who WP 32855 442 16 in in IN 32855 442 17 studying study VBG 32855 442 18 the the DT 32855 442 19 Great Great NNP 32855 442 20 Tit Tit NNP 32855 442 21 , , , 32855 442 22 found find VBD 32855 442 23 no no DT 32855 442 24 appreciable appreciable JJ 32855 442 25 difference difference NN 32855 442 26 in in IN 32855 442 27 the the DT 32855 442 28 size size NN 32855 442 29 of of IN 32855 442 30 territory territory NN 32855 442 31 in in IN 32855 442 32 two two CD 32855 442 33 different different JJ 32855 442 34 habitats habitat NNS 32855 442 35 even even RB 32855 442 36 though though IN 32855 442 37 there there EX 32855 442 38 was be VBD 32855 442 39 a a DT 32855 442 40 marked marked JJ 32855 442 41 difference difference NN 32855 442 42 in in IN 32855 442 43 population population NN 32855 442 44 density density NN 32855 442 45 of of IN 32855 442 46 the the DT 32855 442 47 birds bird NNS 32855 442 48 . . . 32855 443 1 Fluctuation fluctuation NN 32855 443 2 of of IN 32855 443 3 territorial territorial JJ 32855 443 4 boundaries boundary NNS 32855 443 5 is be VBZ 32855 443 6 not not RB 32855 443 7 uncommon uncommon JJ 32855 443 8 in in IN 32855 443 9 passerines passerine NNS 32855 443 10 , , , 32855 443 11 especially especially RB 32855 443 12 when when WRB 32855 443 13 no no DT 32855 443 14 rivals rival NNS 32855 443 15 exist exist VBP 32855 443 16 to to TO 32855 443 17 contest contest VB 32855 443 18 movement movement NN 32855 443 19 . . . 32855 444 1 Hinde Hinde NNP 32855 444 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 444 3 1956:351 1956:351 CD 32855 444 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 444 5 indicates indicate VBZ 32855 444 6 that that IN 32855 444 7 fluctuations fluctuation NNS 32855 444 8 in in IN 32855 444 9 size size NN 32855 444 10 of of IN 32855 444 11 territory territory NN 32855 444 12 are be VBP 32855 444 13 to to TO 32855 444 14 be be VB 32855 444 15 expected expect VBN 32855 444 16 although although IN 32855 444 17 the the DT 32855 444 18 territories territory NNS 32855 444 19 of of IN 32855 444 20 different different JJ 32855 444 21 species specie NNS 32855 444 22 of of IN 32855 444 23 birds bird NNS 32855 444 24 have have VBP 32855 444 25 different different JJ 32855 444 26 mean mean JJ 32855 444 27 sizes size NNS 32855 444 28 . . . 32855 445 1 Once once RB 32855 445 2 nesting nesting JJ 32855 445 3 activities activity NNS 32855 445 4 commence commence VBP 32855 445 5 there there EX 32855 445 6 is be VBZ 32855 445 7 a a DT 32855 445 8 marked marked JJ 32855 445 9 reduction reduction NN 32855 445 10 in in IN 32855 445 11 the the DT 32855 445 12 amount amount NN 32855 445 13 of of IN 32855 445 14 territory territory NN 32855 445 15 utilized utilize VBN 32855 445 16 and and CC 32855 445 17 a a DT 32855 445 18 distinct distinct JJ 32855 445 19 decrease decrease NN 32855 445 20 in in IN 32855 445 21 the the DT 32855 445 22 aggressive aggressive JJ 32855 445 23 tendencies tendency NNS 32855 445 24 of of IN 32855 445 25 the the DT 32855 445 26 male male NN 32855 445 27 ; ; : 32855 445 28 it -PRON- PRP 32855 445 29 would would MD 32855 445 30 seem seem VB 32855 445 31 that that IN 32855 445 32 energy energy NN 32855 445 33 previously previously RB 32855 445 34 utilized utilize VBN 32855 445 35 in in IN 32855 445 36 regular regular JJ 32855 445 37 fighting fighting NN 32855 445 38 is be VBZ 32855 445 39 rechanneled rechannele VBN 32855 445 40 for for IN 32855 445 41 nestbuilding nestbuilding NN 32855 445 42 , , , 32855 445 43 incubation incubation NN 32855 445 44 and and CC 32855 445 45 care care NN 32855 445 46 of of IN 32855 445 47 the the DT 32855 445 48 young young JJ 32855 445 49 . . . 32855 446 1 Further further RB 32855 446 2 , , , 32855 446 3 contraction contraction NN 32855 446 4 of of IN 32855 446 5 the the DT 32855 446 6 area area NN 32855 446 7 of of IN 32855 446 8 activity activity NN 32855 446 9 obviates obviate NNS 32855 446 10 high high JJ 32855 446 11 - - HYPH 32855 446 12 intensity intensity NN 32855 446 13 territorial territorial JJ 32855 446 14 defense defense NN 32855 446 15 , , , 32855 446 16 as as IN 32855 446 17 adjacent adjacent JJ 32855 446 18 males male NNS 32855 446 19 , , , 32855 446 20 even even RB 32855 446 21 in in IN 32855 446 22 regions region NNS 32855 446 23 of of IN 32855 446 24 high high JJ 32855 446 25 population population NN 32855 446 26 density density NN 32855 446 27 , , , 32855 446 28 are be VBP 32855 446 29 isolated isolate VBN 32855 446 30 from from IN 32855 446 31 one one CD 32855 446 32 another another DT 32855 446 33 by by IN 32855 446 34 an an DT 32855 446 35 area area NN 32855 446 36 no no RB 32855 446 37 longer long RBR 32855 446 38 regularly regularly RB 32855 446 39 traversed traverse VBN 32855 446 40 . . . 32855 447 1 With with IN 32855 447 2 cessation cessation NN 32855 447 3 of of IN 32855 447 4 breeding breed VBG 32855 447 5 activities activity NNS 32855 447 6 physiological physiological JJ 32855 447 7 mechanisms mechanism NNS 32855 447 8 governing govern VBG 32855 447 9 maintenance maintenance NN 32855 447 10 of of IN 32855 447 11 territory territory NN 32855 447 12 seemingly seemingly RB 32855 447 13 are be VBP 32855 447 14 no no RB 32855 447 15 longer long RBR 32855 447 16 active active JJ 32855 447 17 and and CC 32855 447 18 yet yet RB 32855 447 19 the the DT 32855 447 20 pairs pair NNS 32855 447 21 of of IN 32855 447 22 Bell Bell NNP 32855 447 23 Vireos vireos RB 32855 447 24 remain remain VBP 32855 447 25 within within IN 32855 447 26 a a DT 32855 447 27 restricted restricted JJ 32855 447 28 area area NN 32855 447 29 which which WDT 32855 447 30 they -PRON- PRP 32855 447 31 alone alone RB 32855 447 32 use use VBP 32855 447 33 . . . 32855 448 1 Earlier early JJR 32855 448 2 definitions definition NNS 32855 448 3 of of IN 32855 448 4 territory territory NN 32855 448 5 as as IN 32855 448 6 a a DT 32855 448 7 " " `` 32855 448 8 defended defended JJ 32855 448 9 area area NN 32855 448 10 " " '' 32855 448 11 do do VBP 32855 448 12 not not RB 32855 448 13 adequately adequately RB 32855 448 14 cover cover VB 32855 448 15 such such JJ 32855 448 16 situations situation NNS 32855 448 17 and and CC 32855 448 18 yet yet RB 32855 448 19 from from IN 32855 448 20 the the DT 32855 448 21 standpoint standpoint NN 32855 448 22 of of IN 32855 448 23 Pitelka Pitelka NNP 32855 448 24 the the DT 32855 448 25 area area NN 32855 448 26 still still RB 32855 448 27 retains retain VBZ 32855 448 28 the the DT 32855 448 29 characteristics characteristic NNS 32855 448 30 of of IN 32855 448 31 true true JJ 32855 448 32 territory territory NN 32855 448 33 . . . 32855 449 1 In in IN 32855 449 2 fact fact NN 32855 449 3 , , , 32855 449 4 territory territory NN 32855 449 5 as as IN 32855 449 6 defined define VBN 32855 449 7 by by IN 32855 449 8 Pitelka Pitelka NNP 32855 449 9 is be VBZ 32855 449 10 clearly clearly RB 32855 449 11 manifest manif JJS 32855 449 12 at at IN 32855 449 13 this this DT 32855 449 14 time time NN 32855 449 15 . . . 32855 450 1 Whether whether IN 32855 450 2 the the DT 32855 450 3 birds bird NNS 32855 450 4 remain remain VBP 32855 450 5 in in IN 32855 450 6 an an DT 32855 450 7 area area NN 32855 450 8 through through IN 32855 450 9 " " `` 32855 450 10 force force NN 32855 450 11 of of IN 32855 450 12 habit habit NN 32855 450 13 " " '' 32855 450 14 is be VBZ 32855 450 15 of of IN 32855 450 16 little little JJ 32855 450 17 consequence consequence NN 32855 450 18 . . . 32855 451 1 I -PRON- PRP 32855 451 2 have have VBP 32855 451 3 retained retain VBN 32855 451 4 the the DT 32855 451 5 term term NN 32855 451 6 " " `` 32855 451 7 territory territory NN 32855 451 8 " " '' 32855 451 9 in in IN 32855 451 10 preference preference NN 32855 451 11 to to IN 32855 451 12 the the DT 32855 451 13 term term NN 32855 451 14 " " `` 32855 451 15 home home NN 32855 451 16 range range NN 32855 451 17 " " '' 32855 451 18 used use VBN 32855 451 19 by by IN 32855 451 20 Nolan Nolan NNP 32855 451 21 ( ( -LRB- 32855 451 22 1960:227 1960:227 CD 32855 451 23 ) ) -RRB- 32855 451 24 . . . 32855 452 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 32855 452 2 failure failure NN 32855 452 3 to to TO 32855 452 4 observe observe VB 32855 452 5 territorial territorial JJ 32855 452 6 defense defense NN 32855 452 7 is be VBZ 32855 452 8 responsible responsible JJ 32855 452 9 for for IN 32855 452 10 his -PRON- PRP$ 32855 452 11 terminology terminology NN 32855 452 12 , , , 32855 452 13 although although IN 32855 452 14 it -PRON- PRP 32855 452 15 is be VBZ 32855 452 16 readily readily RB 32855 452 17 understandable understandable JJ 32855 452 18 that that IN 32855 452 19 such such JJ 32855 452 20 defense defense NN 32855 452 21 would would MD 32855 452 22 be be VB 32855 452 23 lacking lack VBG 32855 452 24 in in IN 32855 452 25 a a DT 32855 452 26 population population NN 32855 452 27 of of IN 32855 452 28 relatively relatively RB 32855 452 29 low low JJ 32855 452 30 density density NN 32855 452 31 in in IN 32855 452 32 which which WDT 32855 452 33 pairs pair NNS 32855 452 34 were be VBD 32855 452 35 isolated isolate VBN 32855 452 36 from from IN 32855 452 37 one one CD 32855 452 38 another another DT 32855 452 39 by by IN 32855 452 40 areas area NNS 32855 452 41 of of IN 32855 452 42 unfavorable unfavorable JJ 32855 452 43 habitat habitat NN 32855 452 44 . . . 32855 453 1 This this DT 32855 453 2 isolation isolation NN 32855 453 3 in in IN 32855 453 4 itself -PRON- PRP 32855 453 5 would would MD 32855 453 6 tend tend VB 32855 453 7 to to TO 32855 453 8 preclude preclude VB 32855 453 9 territorial territorial JJ 32855 453 10 conflict conflict NN 32855 453 11 but but CC 32855 453 12 territories territory NNS 32855 453 13 were be VBD 32855 453 14 , , , 32855 453 15 in in IN 32855 453 16 fact fact NN 32855 453 17 , , , 32855 453 18 maintained maintain VBD 32855 453 19 . . . 32855 454 1 The the DT 32855 454 2 marked marked JJ 32855 454 3 similarity similarity NN 32855 454 4 in in IN 32855 454 5 the the DT 32855 454 6 essential essential JJ 32855 454 7 features feature NNS 32855 454 8 of of IN 32855 454 9 aggressive aggressive JJ 32855 454 10 behavior behavior NN 32855 454 11 in in IN 32855 454 12 North north JJ 32855 454 13 American american JJ 32855 454 14 vireos vireos NN 32855 454 15 attests attest VBZ 32855 454 16 to to IN 32855 454 17 their -PRON- PRP$ 32855 454 18 close close JJ 32855 454 19 relationship relationship NN 32855 454 20 . . . 32855 455 1 Flicking Flicking NNP 32855 455 2 and and CC 32855 455 3 fanning fanning NN 32855 455 4 of of IN 32855 455 5 the the DT 32855 455 6 tail tail NN 32855 455 7 are be VBP 32855 455 8 distinct distinct JJ 32855 455 9 components component NNS 32855 455 10 of of IN 32855 455 11 the the DT 32855 455 12 hostile hostile JJ 32855 455 13 behavior behavior NN 32855 455 14 of of IN 32855 455 15 the the DT 32855 455 16 Bell Bell NNP 32855 455 17 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 455 18 , , , 32855 455 19 White white JJ 32855 455 20 - - HYPH 32855 455 21 eyed eye VBN 32855 455 22 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 455 23 , , , 32855 455 24 Red red JJ 32855 455 25 - - HYPH 32855 455 26 eyed eyed JJ 32855 455 27 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 455 28 ( ( -LRB- 32855 455 29 Lawrence Lawrence NNP 32855 455 30 , , , 32855 455 31 1953:69 1953:69 CD 32855 455 32 ) ) -RRB- 32855 455 33 , , , 32855 455 34 and and CC 32855 455 35 the the DT 32855 455 36 Black Black NNP 32855 455 37 - - HYPH 32855 455 38 whiskered whiskered JJ 32855 455 39 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 455 40 ( ( -LRB- 32855 455 41 _ _ NNP 32855 455 42 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 455 43 altiloquus altiloquus NNP 32855 455 44 _ _ NNP 32855 455 45 ; ; : 32855 455 46 Bent Bent NNP 32855 455 47 , , , 32855 455 48 1950:319 1950:319 CD 32855 455 49 ) ) -RRB- 32855 455 50 , , , 32855 455 51 and and CC 32855 455 52 , , , 32855 455 53 presumably presumably RB 32855 455 54 , , , 32855 455 55 of of IN 32855 455 56 the the DT 32855 455 57 remaining remain VBG 32855 455 58 species specie NNS 32855 455 59 of of IN 32855 455 60 the the DT 32855 455 61 genus genus NN 32855 455 62 . . . 32855 456 1 The the DT 32855 456 2 occurrence occurrence NN 32855 456 3 of of IN 32855 456 4 these these DT 32855 456 5 same same JJ 32855 456 6 displays display NNS 32855 456 7 as as IN 32855 456 8 intrinsic intrinsic JJ 32855 456 9 behavioral behavioral JJ 32855 456 10 elements element NNS 32855 456 11 of of IN 32855 456 12 interspecific interspecific JJ 32855 456 13 hostility hostility NN 32855 456 14 suggests suggest VBZ 32855 456 15 a a DT 32855 456 16 common common JJ 32855 456 17 derivation derivation NN 32855 456 18 . . . 32855 457 1 Moynihan Moynihan NNP 32855 457 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 457 3 1955:256 1955:256 CD 32855 457 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 457 5 indicates indicate VBZ 32855 457 6 that that IN 32855 457 7 all all DT 32855 457 8 intraspecific intraspecific JJ 32855 457 9 hostile hostile JJ 32855 457 10 displays display NNS 32855 457 11 , , , 32855 457 12 and and CC 32855 457 13 probably probably RB 32855 457 14 most most JJS 32855 457 15 interspecific interspecific JJ 32855 457 16 hostile hostile JJ 32855 457 17 displays display NNS 32855 457 18 , , , 32855 457 19 evolved evolve VBN 32855 457 20 originally originally RB 32855 457 21 as as IN 32855 457 22 social social JJ 32855 457 23 signals signal NNS 32855 457 24 having have VBG 32855 457 25 the the DT 32855 457 26 same same JJ 32855 457 27 general general JJ 32855 457 28 function function NN 32855 457 29 . . . 32855 458 1 Further further RB 32855 458 2 , , , 32855 458 3 Hinde Hinde NNP 32855 458 4 ( ( -LRB- 32855 458 5 1956:344 1956:344 CD 32855 458 6 ) ) -RRB- 32855 458 7 points point VBZ 32855 458 8 out out RP 32855 458 9 that that IN 32855 458 10 there there EX 32855 458 11 is be VBZ 32855 458 12 a a DT 32855 458 13 fundamental fundamental JJ 32855 458 14 similarity similarity NN 32855 458 15 in in IN 32855 458 16 the the DT 32855 458 17 motor motor NN 32855 458 18 patterns pattern NNS 32855 458 19 used use VBN 32855 458 20 in in IN 32855 458 21 fighting fighting NN 32855 458 22 in in IN 32855 458 23 different different JJ 32855 458 24 contexts contexts NN 32855 458 25 , , , 32855 458 26 including include VBG 32855 458 27 both both DT 32855 458 28 interspecific interspecific NN 32855 458 29 and and CC 32855 458 30 intraspecific intraspecific JJ 32855 458 31 fighting fighting NN 32855 458 32 . . . 32855 459 1 COURTSHIP COURTSHIP NNP 32855 459 2 BEHAVIOR BEHAVIOR NNP 32855 459 3 The the DT 32855 459 4 precise precise JJ 32855 459 5 mechanism mechanism NN 32855 459 6 of of IN 32855 459 7 pair pair NN 32855 459 8 - - HYPH 32855 459 9 formation formation NN 32855 459 10 in in IN 32855 459 11 the the DT 32855 459 12 Bell Bell NNP 32855 459 13 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 459 14 is be VBZ 32855 459 15 not not RB 32855 459 16 known know VBN 32855 459 17 . . . 32855 460 1 My -PRON- PRP$ 32855 460 2 experience experience NN 32855 460 3 has have VBZ 32855 460 4 been be VBN 32855 460 5 to to TO 32855 460 6 find find VB 32855 460 7 a a DT 32855 460 8 male male JJ 32855 460 9 one one CD 32855 460 10 day day NN 32855 460 11 and and CC 32855 460 12 then then RB 32855 460 13 one one CD 32855 460 14 or or CC 32855 460 15 two two CD 32855 460 16 days day NNS 32855 460 17 later later RB 32855 460 18 to to TO 32855 460 19 discover discover VB 32855 460 20 that that IN 32855 460 21 it -PRON- PRP 32855 460 22 has have VBZ 32855 460 23 a a DT 32855 460 24 mate mate NN 32855 460 25 . . . 32855 461 1 Lawrence Lawrence NNP 32855 461 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 461 3 1953:53 1953:53 CD 32855 461 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 461 5 , , , 32855 461 6 tells tell VBZ 32855 461 7 of of IN 32855 461 8 a a DT 32855 461 9 male male JJ 32855 461 10 Red red JJ 32855 461 11 - - HYPH 32855 461 12 eyed eyed JJ 32855 461 13 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 461 14 singling single VBG 32855 461 15 out out RP 32855 461 16 a a DT 32855 461 17 female female NN 32855 461 18 from from IN 32855 461 19 a a DT 32855 461 20 flock flock NN 32855 461 21 of of IN 32855 461 22 migrants migrant NNS 32855 461 23 passing pass VBG 32855 461 24 through through IN 32855 461 25 his -PRON- PRP$ 32855 461 26 territory territory NN 32855 461 27 and and CC 32855 461 28 violently violently RB 32855 461 29 driving drive VBG 32855 461 30 her -PRON- PRP 32855 461 31 to to IN 32855 461 32 the the DT 32855 461 33 ground ground NN 32855 461 34 . . . 32855 462 1 Shortly shortly RB 32855 462 2 after after IN 32855 462 3 this this DT 32855 462 4 attack attack NN 32855 462 5 the the DT 32855 462 6 pair pair NN 32855 462 7 was be VBD 32855 462 8 seen see VBN 32855 462 9 searching search VBG 32855 462 10 for for IN 32855 462 11 a a DT 32855 462 12 nest nest NN 32855 462 13 site site NN 32855 462 14 . . . 32855 463 1 But but CC 32855 463 2 such such PDT 32855 463 3 an an DT 32855 463 4 incident incident NN 32855 463 5 has have VBZ 32855 463 6 not not RB 32855 463 7 been be VBN 32855 463 8 reported report VBN 32855 463 9 for for IN 32855 463 10 other other JJ 32855 463 11 vireos vireo NNS 32855 463 12 , , , 32855 463 13 nor nor CC 32855 463 14 have have VBP 32855 463 15 I -PRON- PRP 32855 463 16 witnessed witness VBN 32855 463 17 such such JJ 32855 463 18 behavior behavior NN 32855 463 19 myself -PRON- PRP 32855 463 20 . . . 32855 464 1 Early early JJ 32855 464 2 courtship courtship NN 32855 464 3 activities activity NNS 32855 464 4 of of IN 32855 464 5 the the DT 32855 464 6 Bell Bell NNP 32855 464 7 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 464 8 are be VBP 32855 464 9 characteristically characteristically RB 32855 464 10 violent violent JJ 32855 464 11 affairs affair NNS 32855 464 12 , , , 32855 464 13 with with IN 32855 464 14 the the DT 32855 464 15 male male JJ 32855 464 16 directing direct VBG 32855 464 17 strong strong JJ 32855 464 18 aggressive aggressive JJ 32855 464 19 attacks attack NNS 32855 464 20 toward toward IN 32855 464 21 the the DT 32855 464 22 female female NN 32855 464 23 . . . 32855 465 1 Rapid rapid JJ 32855 465 2 , , , 32855 465 3 looping looping NN 32855 465 4 flights flight NNS 32855 465 5 through through IN 32855 465 6 the the DT 32855 465 7 thickets thicket NNS 32855 465 8 occur occur VBP 32855 465 9 , , , 32855 465 10 the the DT 32855 465 11 female female NN 32855 465 12 leading lead VBG 32855 465 13 the the DT 32855 465 14 male male NN 32855 465 15 . . . 32855 466 1 Occasionally occasionally RB 32855 466 2 he -PRON- PRP 32855 466 3 deliberately deliberately RB 32855 466 4 collides collide VBZ 32855 466 5 with with IN 32855 466 6 her -PRON- PRP 32855 466 7 in in IN 32855 466 8 mid mid NN 32855 466 9 - - NN 32855 466 10 air air NN 32855 466 11 , , , 32855 466 12 but but CC 32855 466 13 the the DT 32855 466 14 pair pair NN 32855 466 15 quickly quickly RB 32855 466 16 separate separate JJ 32855 466 17 . . . 32855 467 1 This this DT 32855 467 2 violent violent JJ 32855 467 3 sexual sexual JJ 32855 467 4 chasing chasing NN 32855 467 5 is be VBZ 32855 467 6 manifest manif JJS 32855 467 7 prior prior RB 32855 467 8 to to IN 32855 467 9 the the DT 32855 467 10 inception inception NN 32855 467 11 of of IN 32855 467 12 nestbuilding nestbuilde VBG 32855 467 13 . . . 32855 468 1 With with IN 32855 468 2 commencement commencement NN 32855 468 3 of of IN 32855 468 4 this this DT 32855 468 5 activity activity NN 32855 468 6 , , , 32855 468 7 sexual sexual JJ 32855 468 8 chases chase NNS 32855 468 9 through through IN 32855 468 10 the the DT 32855 468 11 territory territory NN 32855 468 12 subside subside NN 32855 468 13 . . . 32855 469 1 Absence absence NN 32855 469 2 of of IN 32855 469 3 sexual sexual JJ 32855 469 4 dimorphism dimorphism NN 32855 469 5 in in IN 32855 469 6 the the DT 32855 469 7 Bell Bell NNP 32855 469 8 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 469 9 obviously obviously RB 32855 469 10 suggests suggest VBZ 32855 469 11 that that IN 32855 469 12 behavioral behavioral JJ 32855 469 13 criteria criterion NNS 32855 469 14 are be VBP 32855 469 15 used use VBN 32855 469 16 by by IN 32855 469 17 the the DT 32855 469 18 birds bird NNS 32855 469 19 in in IN 32855 469 20 sex sex NN 32855 469 21 - - HYPH 32855 469 22 recognition recognition NN 32855 469 23 . . . 32855 470 1 The the DT 32855 470 2 lack lack NN 32855 470 3 of of IN 32855 470 4 aggression aggression NN 32855 470 5 by by IN 32855 470 6 the the DT 32855 470 7 female female NN 32855 470 8 upon upon IN 32855 470 9 initial initial JJ 32855 470 10 aggression aggression NN 32855 470 11 by by IN 32855 470 12 the the DT 32855 470 13 male male NN 32855 470 14 is be VBZ 32855 470 15 an an DT 32855 470 16 essential essential JJ 32855 470 17 component component NN 32855 470 18 of of IN 32855 470 19 recognition recognition NN 32855 470 20 of of IN 32855 470 21 sex sex NN 32855 470 22 ; ; : 32855 470 23 she -PRON- PRP 32855 470 24 is be VBZ 32855 470 25 clearly clearly RB 32855 470 26 subordinate subordinate JJ 32855 470 27 . . . 32855 471 1 Such such JJ 32855 471 2 subordination subordination NN 32855 471 3 is be VBZ 32855 471 4 also also RB 32855 471 5 the the DT 32855 471 6 significant significant JJ 32855 471 7 feature feature NN 32855 471 8 of of IN 32855 471 9 continued continued JJ 32855 471 10 sex sex NN 32855 471 11 - - HYPH 32855 471 12 recognition recognition NN 32855 471 13 . . . 32855 472 1 Courtship courtship NN 32855 472 2 display display NN 32855 472 3 by by IN 32855 472 4 a a DT 32855 472 5 resident resident JJ 32855 472 6 male male NN 32855 472 7 , , , 32855 472 8 directed direct VBN 32855 472 9 toward toward IN 32855 472 10 a a DT 32855 472 11 stuffed stuff VBN 32855 472 12 male male NN 32855 472 13 and and CC 32855 472 14 a a DT 32855 472 15 wounded wound VBN 32855 472 16 male male NN 32855 472 17 which which WDT 32855 472 18 sat sit VBD 32855 472 19 motionless motionless RB 32855 472 20 , , , 32855 472 21 supports support VBZ 32855 472 22 the the DT 32855 472 23 contention contention NN 32855 472 24 that that IN 32855 472 25 a a DT 32855 472 26 subordinate subordinate JJ 32855 472 27 or or CC 32855 472 28 submissive submissive JJ 32855 472 29 attitude attitude NN 32855 472 30 of of IN 32855 472 31 the the DT 32855 472 32 female female NN 32855 472 33 is be VBZ 32855 472 34 a a DT 32855 472 35 key key JJ 32855 472 36 factor factor NN 32855 472 37 in in IN 32855 472 38 sex sex NN 32855 472 39 - - HYPH 32855 472 40 determination determination NN 32855 472 41 . . . 32855 473 1 Nestbuilding nestbuilding NN 32855 473 2 and and CC 32855 473 3 courtship courtship NN 32855 473 4 are be VBP 32855 473 5 intimately intimately RB 32855 473 6 associated associate VBN 32855 473 7 in in IN 32855 473 8 this this DT 32855 473 9 species species NN 32855 473 10 . . . 32855 474 1 The the DT 32855 474 2 male male NN 32855 474 3 constructs construct VBZ 32855 474 4 the the DT 32855 474 5 suspension suspension NN 32855 474 6 apparatus apparatus NN 32855 474 7 of of IN 32855 474 8 the the DT 32855 474 9 nest nest NN 32855 474 10 , , , 32855 474 11 the the DT 32855 474 12 completion completion NN 32855 474 13 of of IN 32855 474 14 which which WDT 32855 474 15 coincides coincide VBZ 32855 474 16 with with IN 32855 474 17 the the DT 32855 474 18 assumption assumption NN 32855 474 19 of of IN 32855 474 20 nestbuilding nestbuilde VBG 32855 474 21 activity activity NN 32855 474 22 by by IN 32855 474 23 the the DT 32855 474 24 female female NN 32855 474 25 . . . 32855 475 1 Roles role NNS 32855 475 2 of of IN 32855 475 3 the the DT 32855 475 4 sexes sex NNS 32855 475 5 in in IN 32855 475 6 nestbuilding nestbuilde VBG 32855 475 7 are be VBP 32855 475 8 described describe VBN 32855 475 9 in in IN 32855 475 10 the the DT 32855 475 11 section section NN 32855 475 12 on on IN 32855 475 13 nestbuilding nestbuilde VBG 32855 475 14 . . . 32855 476 1 The the DT 32855 476 2 male male NN 32855 476 3 frequently frequently RB 32855 476 4 interrupts interrupt VBZ 32855 476 5 construction construction NN 32855 476 6 to to TO 32855 476 7 court court VB 32855 476 8 the the DT 32855 476 9 female female NN 32855 476 10 . . . 32855 477 1 This this DT 32855 477 2 , , , 32855 477 3 in in IN 32855 477 4 combination combination NN 32855 477 5 with with IN 32855 477 6 perpetual perpetual JJ 32855 477 7 song song NN 32855 477 8 as as IN 32855 477 9 he -PRON- PRP 32855 477 10 works work VBZ 32855 477 11 , , , 32855 477 12 serves serve VBZ 32855 477 13 to to TO 32855 477 14 strengthen strengthen VB 32855 477 15 the the DT 32855 477 16 pair pair NN 32855 477 17 - - HYPH 32855 477 18 bond bond NN 32855 477 19 and and CC 32855 477 20 stimulate stimulate VB 32855 477 21 nestbuilding nestbuilde VBG 32855 477 22 tendencies tendency NNS 32855 477 23 of of IN 32855 477 24 the the DT 32855 477 25 female female NN 32855 477 26 . . . 32855 478 1 It -PRON- PRP 32855 478 2 is be VBZ 32855 478 3 doubtful doubtful JJ 32855 478 4 that that IN 32855 478 5 any any DT 32855 478 6 attempts attempt NNS 32855 478 7 at at IN 32855 478 8 copulation copulation NN 32855 478 9 are be VBP 32855 478 10 successful successful JJ 32855 478 11 up up IN 32855 478 12 to to IN 32855 478 13 this this DT 32855 478 14 time time NN 32855 478 15 . . . 32855 479 1 The the DT 32855 479 2 female female NN 32855 479 3 is be VBZ 32855 479 4 singularly singularly RB 32855 479 5 unresponsive unresponsive JJ 32855 479 6 to to IN 32855 479 7 the the DT 32855 479 8 advances advance NNS 32855 479 9 of of IN 32855 479 10 the the DT 32855 479 11 male male NN 32855 479 12 ; ; : 32855 479 13 a a DT 32855 479 14 female female JJ 32855 479 15 retreats retreat NNS 32855 479 16 before before IN 32855 479 17 most most JJS 32855 479 18 violent violent JJ 32855 479 19 attacks attack NNS 32855 479 20 and and CC 32855 479 21 is be VBZ 32855 479 22 seemingly seemingly RB 32855 479 23 oblivious oblivious JJ 32855 479 24 to to IN 32855 479 25 less less RBR 32855 479 26 vigorous vigorous JJ 32855 479 27 behavior behavior NN 32855 479 28 . . . 32855 480 1 After after IN 32855 480 2 the the DT 32855 480 3 female female NN 32855 480 4 assumes assume VBZ 32855 480 5 the the DT 32855 480 6 responsibility responsibility NN 32855 480 7 of of IN 32855 480 8 building build VBG 32855 480 9 , , , 32855 480 10 the the DT 32855 480 11 tempo tempo NN 32855 480 12 of of IN 32855 480 13 courtship courtship NN 32855 480 14 activities activity NNS 32855 480 15 increases increase VBZ 32855 480 16 . . . 32855 481 1 The the DT 32855 481 2 female female NN 32855 481 3 becomes become VBZ 32855 481 4 increasingly increasingly RB 32855 481 5 more more RBR 32855 481 6 receptive receptive JJ 32855 481 7 and and CC 32855 481 8 her -PRON- PRP$ 32855 481 9 work work NN 32855 481 10 is be VBZ 32855 481 11 often often RB 32855 481 12 interrupted interrupt VBN 32855 481 13 by by IN 32855 481 14 advances advance NNS 32855 481 15 of of IN 32855 481 16 the the DT 32855 481 17 male male NN 32855 481 18 . . . 32855 482 1 Copulation copulation NN 32855 482 2 occurs occur VBZ 32855 482 3 frequently frequently RB 32855 482 4 from from IN 32855 482 5 about about IN 32855 482 6 the the DT 32855 482 7 third third JJ 32855 482 8 day day NN 32855 482 9 of of IN 32855 482 10 nestbuilding nestbuilde VBG 32855 482 11 through through IN 32855 482 12 the the DT 32855 482 13 first first JJ 32855 482 14 day day NN 32855 482 15 of of IN 32855 482 16 egglaying egglaye VBG 32855 482 17 , , , 32855 482 18 a a DT 32855 482 19 period period NN 32855 482 20 of of IN 32855 482 21 four four CD 32855 482 22 to to TO 32855 482 23 six six CD 32855 482 24 days day NNS 32855 482 25 . . . 32855 483 1 Male male JJ 32855 483 2 displays display NNS 32855 483 3 and and CC 32855 483 4 vocalizations vocalization NNS 32855 483 5 associated associate VBN 32855 483 6 with with IN 32855 483 7 courtship courtship NN 32855 483 8 continue continue VBP 32855 483 9 through through IN 32855 483 10 the the DT 32855 483 11 fourth fourth JJ 32855 483 12 or or CC 32855 483 13 fifth fifth JJ 32855 483 14 day day NN 32855 483 15 of of IN 32855 483 16 incubation incubation NN 32855 483 17 . . . 32855 484 1 _ _ NNP 32855 484 2 Displays Displays NNP 32855 484 3 and and CC 32855 484 4 Postures Postures NNPS 32855 484 5 _ _ NNP 32855 484 6 The the DT 32855 484 7 principal principal JJ 32855 484 8 courtship courtship NN 32855 484 9 displays display NNS 32855 484 10 and and CC 32855 484 11 postures posture NNS 32855 484 12 that that WDT 32855 484 13 were be VBD 32855 484 14 seen see VBN 32855 484 15 throughout throughout IN 32855 484 16 the the DT 32855 484 17 nestbuilding nestbuilding JJ 32855 484 18 phase phase NN 32855 484 19 are be VBP 32855 484 20 as as IN 32855 484 21 follows follow VBZ 32855 484 22 : : : 32855 484 23 1 1 CD 32855 484 24 . . . 32855 485 1 Greeting greeting NN 32855 485 2 ceremonies ceremony NNS 32855 485 3 . . . 32855 486 1 Both both DT 32855 486 2 birds bird NNS 32855 486 3 are be VBP 32855 486 4 crouched crouch VBN 32855 486 5 from from IN 32855 486 6 one one CD 32855 486 7 to to TO 32855 486 8 five five CD 32855 486 9 inches inch NNS 32855 486 10 apart apart RB 32855 486 11 . . . 32855 487 1 The the DT 32855 487 2 feathers feather NNS 32855 487 3 on on IN 32855 487 4 one one CD 32855 487 5 ( ( -LRB- 32855 487 6 the the DT 32855 487 7 male male NN 32855 487 8 ? ? . 32855 487 9 ) ) -RRB- 32855 488 1 are be VBP 32855 488 2 sleeked sleek VBN 32855 488 3 , , , 32855 488 4 and and CC 32855 488 5 on on IN 32855 488 6 the the DT 32855 488 7 other other JJ 32855 488 8 are be VBP 32855 488 9 fluffed fluff VBN 32855 488 10 . . . 32855 489 1 Fluffing fluff VBG 32855 489 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 489 3 Morris Morris NNP 32855 489 4 , , , 32855 489 5 1956:80 1956:80 CD 32855 489 6 ) ) -RRB- 32855 489 7 denotes denote VBZ 32855 489 8 partial partial JJ 32855 489 9 erection erection NN 32855 489 10 of of IN 32855 489 11 the the DT 32855 489 12 body body NN 32855 489 13 feathers feather NNS 32855 489 14 producing produce VBG 32855 489 15 a a DT 32855 489 16 rounded rounded JJ 32855 489 17 , , , 32855 489 18 unbroken unbroken JJ 32855 489 19 body body NN 32855 489 20 line line NN 32855 489 21 and and CC 32855 489 22 is be VBZ 32855 489 23 not not RB 32855 489 24 to to TO 32855 489 25 be be VB 32855 489 26 confused confuse VBN 32855 489 27 with with IN 32855 489 28 ruffling ruffling NN 32855 489 29 , , , 32855 489 30 mentioned mention VBN 32855 489 31 in in IN 32855 489 32 the the DT 32855 489 33 sections section NNS 32855 489 34 pertaining pertain VBG 32855 489 35 to to IN 32855 489 36 territoriality territoriality NN 32855 489 37 and and CC 32855 489 38 pre- pre- NN 32855 489 39 and and CC 32855 489 40 post post JJ 32855 489 41 - - JJ 32855 489 42 copulatory copulatory JJ 32855 489 43 display display NN 32855 489 44 . . . 32855 490 1 Fluffing fluffing NN 32855 490 2 is be VBZ 32855 490 3 generally generally RB 32855 490 4 considered consider VBN 32855 490 5 to to TO 32855 490 6 be be VB 32855 490 7 an an DT 32855 490 8 appeasement appeasement NN 32855 490 9 display display NN 32855 490 10 and and CC 32855 490 11 it -PRON- PRP 32855 490 12 is be VBZ 32855 490 13 seen see VBN 32855 490 14 in in IN 32855 490 15 a a DT 32855 490 16 variety variety NN 32855 490 17 of of IN 32855 490 18 situations situation NNS 32855 490 19 involving involve VBG 32855 490 20 a a DT 32855 490 21 dominant dominant JJ 32855 490 22 - - HYPH 32855 490 23 subordinate subordinate JJ 32855 490 24 relationship relationship NN 32855 490 25 . . . 32855 491 1 Both both DT 32855 491 2 birds bird NNS 32855 491 3 flick flick NN 32855 491 4 wings wing NNS 32855 491 5 and and CC 32855 491 6 tails tail NNS 32855 491 7 rapidly rapidly RB 32855 491 8 and and CC 32855 491 9 reverse reverse VBP 32855 491 10 directions direction NNS 32855 491 11 on on IN 32855 491 12 their -PRON- PRP$ 32855 491 13 perches perch NNS 32855 491 14 frequently frequently RB 32855 491 15 . . . 32855 492 1 A a DT 32855 492 2 low low JJ 32855 492 3 , , , 32855 492 4 rapid rapid JJ 32855 492 5 _ _ NNP 32855 492 6 chee chee NN 32855 492 7 _ _ NNP 32855 492 8 is be VBZ 32855 492 9 uttered uttered JJ 32855 492 10 during during IN 32855 492 11 this this DT 32855 492 12 performance performance NN 32855 492 13 . . . 32855 493 1 This this DT 32855 493 2 ceremony ceremony NN 32855 493 3 is be VBZ 32855 493 4 repeated repeat VBN 32855 493 5 often often RB 32855 493 6 in in IN 32855 493 7 the the DT 32855 493 8 first first JJ 32855 493 9 three three CD 32855 493 10 days day NNS 32855 493 11 of of IN 32855 493 12 nestbuilding nestbuilding NN 32855 493 13 , , , 32855 493 14 but but CC 32855 493 15 less less RBR 32855 493 16 frequently frequently RB 32855 493 17 thereafter thereafter RB 32855 493 18 . . . 32855 494 1 It -PRON- PRP 32855 494 2 usually usually RB 32855 494 3 occurs occur VBZ 32855 494 4 after after IN 32855 494 5 building build VBG 32855 494 6 by by IN 32855 494 7 one one CD 32855 494 8 or or CC 32855 494 9 both both DT 32855 494 10 partners partner NNS 32855 494 11 and and CC 32855 494 12 prior prior RB 32855 494 13 to to IN 32855 494 14 another another DT 32855 494 15 trip trip NN 32855 494 16 in in IN 32855 494 17 search search NN 32855 494 18 of of IN 32855 494 19 nesting nesting JJ 32855 494 20 material material NN 32855 494 21 . . . 32855 495 1 It -PRON- PRP 32855 495 2 lasts last VBZ 32855 495 3 from from IN 32855 495 4 10 10 CD 32855 495 5 to to TO 32855 495 6 50 50 CD 32855 495 7 seconds second NNS 32855 495 8 and and CC 32855 495 9 is be VBZ 32855 495 10 not not RB 32855 495 11 immediately immediately RB 32855 495 12 followed follow VBN 32855 495 13 by by IN 32855 495 14 any any DT 32855 495 15 additional additional JJ 32855 495 16 courtship courtship NN 32855 495 17 activities activity NNS 32855 495 18 . . . 32855 496 1 Nolan Nolan NNP 32855 496 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 496 3 1960:228 1960:228 CD 32855 496 4 - - SYM 32855 496 5 229 229 CD 32855 496 6 ) ) -RRB- 32855 496 7 observed observe VBN 32855 496 8 mutual mutual JJ 32855 496 9 displays display NNS 32855 496 10 between between IN 32855 496 11 periods period NNS 32855 496 12 of of IN 32855 496 13 violent violent JJ 32855 496 14 sexual sexual JJ 32855 496 15 chase chase NN 32855 496 16 that that WDT 32855 496 17 suggest suggest VBP 32855 496 18 that that IN 32855 496 19 the the DT 32855 496 20 greeting greeting NN 32855 496 21 ceremonies ceremony NNS 32855 496 22 that that WDT 32855 496 23 I -PRON- PRP 32855 496 24 have have VBP 32855 496 25 described describe VBN 32855 496 26 are be VBP 32855 496 27 an an DT 32855 496 28 integral integral JJ 32855 496 29 part part NN 32855 496 30 of of IN 32855 496 31 pair pair NN 32855 496 32 - - HYPH 32855 496 33 formation formation NN 32855 496 34 as as RB 32855 496 35 well well RB 32855 496 36 as as IN 32855 496 37 a a DT 32855 496 38 component component NN 32855 496 39 of of IN 32855 496 40 continued continued JJ 32855 496 41 maintenance maintenance NN 32855 496 42 of of IN 32855 496 43 the the DT 32855 496 44 bond bond NN 32855 496 45 . . . 32855 497 1 2 2 LS 32855 497 2 . . . 32855 498 1 " " `` 32855 498 2 Pouncing pounce VBG 32855 498 3 . . . 32855 498 4 " " '' 32855 499 1 The the DT 32855 499 2 female female JJ 32855 499 3 rapidly rapidly RB 32855 499 4 quarter quarter NN 32855 499 5 - - HYPH 32855 499 6 fans fan NNS 32855 499 7 and and CC 32855 499 8 partially partially RB 32855 499 9 depresses depress VBZ 32855 499 10 her -PRON- PRP$ 32855 499 11 tail tail NN 32855 499 12 . . . 32855 500 1 She -PRON- PRP 32855 500 2 utters utter VBZ 32855 500 3 a a DT 32855 500 4 high high JJ 32855 500 5 pitched pitch VBN 32855 500 6 scold scold NN 32855 500 7 ( ( -LRB- 32855 500 8 _ _ NNP 32855 500 9 chee chee NNP 32855 500 10 _ _ NNP 32855 500 11 ) ) -RRB- 32855 500 12 . . . 32855 501 1 The the DT 32855 501 2 male male NN 32855 501 3 , , , 32855 501 4 from from IN 32855 501 5 a a DT 32855 501 6 perch perch NN 32855 501 7 within within IN 32855 501 8 two two CD 32855 501 9 feet foot NNS 32855 501 10 of of IN 32855 501 11 the the DT 32855 501 12 female female NN 32855 501 13 , , , 32855 501 14 fans fan NNS 32855 501 15 the the DT 32855 501 16 tail tail NN 32855 501 17 fully fully RB 32855 501 18 and and CC 32855 501 19 depresses depress VBZ 32855 501 20 it -PRON- PRP 32855 501 21 vertically vertically RB 32855 501 22 , , , 32855 501 23 and and CC 32855 501 24 , , , 32855 501 25 with with IN 32855 501 26 mouth mouth NN 32855 501 27 open open NNP 32855 501 28 , , , 32855 501 29 lunges lunge VBZ 32855 501 30 at at IN 32855 501 31 the the DT 32855 501 32 female female NN 32855 501 33 ; ; , 32855 501 34 or or CC 32855 501 35 , , , 32855 501 36 with with IN 32855 501 37 similar similar JJ 32855 501 38 tail tail NN 32855 501 39 mannerisms mannerism NNS 32855 501 40 , , , 32855 501 41 the the DT 32855 501 42 abdominal abdominal JJ 32855 501 43 feathers feather NNS 32855 501 44 ruffled ruffle VBD 32855 501 45 , , , 32855 501 46 the the DT 32855 501 47 wings wing NNS 32855 501 48 held hold VBN 32855 501 49 horizontally horizontally RB 32855 501 50 , , , 32855 501 51 and and CC 32855 501 52 the the DT 32855 501 53 primaries primary NNS 32855 501 54 spread spread VBD 32855 501 55 , , , 32855 501 56 he -PRON- PRP 32855 501 57 sways sway VBZ 32855 501 58 from from IN 32855 501 59 side side NN 32855 501 60 to to TO 32855 501 61 side side VB 32855 501 62 from from IN 32855 501 63 four four CD 32855 501 64 to to TO 32855 501 65 six six CD 32855 501 66 times time NNS 32855 501 67 , , , 32855 501 68 and and CC 32855 501 69 then then RB 32855 501 70 lunges lunge VBZ 32855 501 71 at at IN 32855 501 72 the the DT 32855 501 73 female female NN 32855 501 74 . . . 32855 502 1 The the DT 32855 502 2 male male NN 32855 502 3 is be VBZ 32855 502 4 silent silent JJ 32855 502 5 when when WRB 32855 502 6 he -PRON- PRP 32855 502 7 pounces pounce VBZ 32855 502 8 ; ; : 32855 502 9 the the DT 32855 502 10 _ _ NNP 32855 502 11 chee chee NNP 32855 502 12 _ _ NNP 32855 502 13 or or CC 32855 502 14 the the DT 32855 502 15 courtship courtship NN 32855 502 16 song song NN 32855 502 17 is be VBZ 32855 502 18 emitted emit VBN 32855 502 19 when when WRB 32855 502 20 swaying sway VBG 32855 502 21 precedes precede NNS 32855 502 22 pouncing pounce VBG 32855 502 23 . . . 32855 503 1 The the DT 32855 503 2 male male NN 32855 503 3 strikes strike VBZ 32855 503 4 the the DT 32855 503 5 female female NN 32855 503 6 with with IN 32855 503 7 his -PRON- PRP$ 32855 503 8 breast breast NN 32855 503 9 or or CC 32855 503 10 with with IN 32855 503 11 his -PRON- PRP$ 32855 503 12 open open JJ 32855 503 13 beak beak NN 32855 503 14 . . . 32855 504 1 The the DT 32855 504 2 female female NN 32855 504 3 rarely rarely RB 32855 504 4 flees flee VBZ 32855 504 5 although although IN 32855 504 6 she -PRON- PRP 32855 504 7 is be VBZ 32855 504 8 usually usually RB 32855 504 9 displaced displace VBN 32855 504 10 several several JJ 32855 504 11 inches inch NNS 32855 504 12 along along IN 32855 504 13 the the DT 32855 504 14 branch branch NN 32855 504 15 upon upon IN 32855 504 16 which which WDT 32855 504 17 she -PRON- PRP 32855 504 18 is be VBZ 32855 504 19 sitting sit VBG 32855 504 20 . . . 32855 505 1 However however RB 32855 505 2 , , , 32855 505 3 the the DT 32855 505 4 female female NN 32855 505 5 may may MD 32855 505 6 fly fly VB 32855 505 7 several several JJ 32855 505 8 inches inch NNS 32855 505 9 to to IN 32855 505 10 a a DT 32855 505 11 new new JJ 32855 505 12 perch perch NN 32855 505 13 . . . 32855 506 1 The the DT 32855 506 2 failure failure NN 32855 506 3 of of IN 32855 506 4 the the DT 32855 506 5 female female NN 32855 506 6 to to TO 32855 506 7 adopt adopt VB 32855 506 8 a a DT 32855 506 9 solicitation solicitation NN 32855 506 10 posture posture NN 32855 506 11 presumably presumably RB 32855 506 12 indicates indicate VBZ 32855 506 13 sexual sexual JJ 32855 506 14 unreadiness unreadiness RB 32855 506 15 . . . 32855 507 1 Instances instance NNS 32855 507 2 of of IN 32855 507 3 the the DT 32855 507 4 male male NN 32855 507 5 deliberately deliberately RB 32855 507 6 colliding collide VBG 32855 507 7 with with IN 32855 507 8 the the DT 32855 507 9 female female NN 32855 507 10 as as IN 32855 507 11 she -PRON- PRP 32855 507 12 flies fly VBZ 32855 507 13 in in IN 32855 507 14 the the DT 32855 507 15 course course NN 32855 507 16 of of IN 32855 507 17 gathering gather VBG 32855 507 18 nesting nesting NN 32855 507 19 material material NN 32855 507 20 are be VBP 32855 507 21 probably probably RB 32855 507 22 analogous analogous JJ 32855 507 23 to to IN 32855 507 24 pouncing pounce VBG 32855 507 25 . . . 32855 508 1 In in IN 32855 508 2 none none NN 32855 508 3 of of IN 32855 508 4 the the DT 32855 508 5 above above JJ 32855 508 6 situations situation NNS 32855 508 7 are be VBP 32855 508 8 females female NNS 32855 508 9 observed observe VBN 32855 508 10 to to TO 32855 508 11 fight fight VB 32855 508 12 back back RB 32855 508 13 in in IN 32855 508 14 any any DT 32855 508 15 way way NN 32855 508 16 . . . 32855 509 1 Nice Nice NNP 32855 509 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 509 3 1943:174 1943:174 CD 32855 509 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 509 5 believed believe VBD 32855 509 6 pouncing pounce VBG 32855 509 7 to to TO 32855 509 8 be be VB 32855 509 9 analogous analogous JJ 32855 509 10 to to IN 32855 509 11 sexual sexual JJ 32855 509 12 chasing chasing NN 32855 509 13 found find VBN 32855 509 14 in in IN 32855 509 15 such such JJ 32855 509 16 species specie NNS 32855 509 17 as as IN 32855 509 18 the the DT 32855 509 19 Red Red NNP 32855 509 20 - - HYPH 32855 509 21 winged wing VBN 32855 509 22 Blackbird Blackbird NNP 32855 509 23 . . . 32855 510 1 In in IN 32855 510 2 the the DT 32855 510 3 Song Song NNP 32855 510 4 Sparrow Sparrow NNP 32855 510 5 , , , 32855 510 6 pouncing pouncing NN 32855 510 7 is be VBZ 32855 510 8 observed observe VBN 32855 510 9 most most RBS 32855 510 10 often often RB 32855 510 11 in in IN 32855 510 12 the the DT 32855 510 13 first first JJ 32855 510 14 and and CC 32855 510 15 second second JJ 32855 510 16 days day NNS 32855 510 17 of of IN 32855 510 18 nestbuilding nestbuilde VBG 32855 510 19 . . . 32855 511 1 3 3 LS 32855 511 2 . . . 32855 512 1 " " `` 32855 512 2 Leap Leap NNP 32855 512 3 - - HYPH 32855 512 4 flutter flutter NN 32855 512 5 . . . 32855 512 6 " " '' 32855 513 1 The the DT 32855 513 2 male male NN 32855 513 3 , , , 32855 513 4 in in IN 32855 513 5 the the DT 32855 513 6 course course NN 32855 513 7 of of IN 32855 513 8 displaying display VBG 32855 513 9 with with IN 32855 513 10 the the DT 32855 513 11 tail tail NN 32855 513 12 fanned fan VBN 32855 513 13 before before IN 32855 513 14 the the DT 32855 513 15 female female NN 32855 513 16 , , , 32855 513 17 suddenly suddenly RB 32855 513 18 leaps leap VBZ 32855 513 19 eight eight CD 32855 513 20 inches inch NNS 32855 513 21 to to IN 32855 513 22 ten ten CD 32855 513 23 inches inch NNS 32855 513 24 vertically vertically RB 32855 513 25 and and CC 32855 513 26 flutters flutter NNS 32855 513 27 in in IN 32855 513 28 mid mid JJ 32855 513 29 - - NN 32855 513 30 air air NN 32855 513 31 several several JJ 32855 513 32 seconds second NNS 32855 513 33 , , , 32855 513 34 before before IN 32855 513 35 dropping drop VBG 32855 513 36 to to IN 32855 513 37 the the DT 32855 513 38 original original JJ 32855 513 39 perch perch NN 32855 513 40 . . . 32855 514 1 This this DT 32855 514 2 display display NN 32855 514 3 occurs occur VBZ 32855 514 4 in in IN 32855 514 5 full full JJ 32855 514 6 view view NN 32855 514 7 of of IN 32855 514 8 the the DT 32855 514 9 female female NN 32855 514 10 . . . 32855 515 1 It -PRON- PRP 32855 515 2 is be VBZ 32855 515 3 often often RB 32855 515 4 associated associate VBN 32855 515 5 with with IN 32855 515 6 pouncing pounce VBG 32855 515 7 and and CC 32855 515 8 is be VBZ 32855 515 9 also also RB 32855 515 10 seen see VBN 32855 515 11 prior prior RB 32855 515 12 to to IN 32855 515 13 copulation copulation NN 32855 515 14 . . . 32855 516 1 In in IN 32855 516 2 the the DT 32855 516 3 latter latter JJ 32855 516 4 instance instance NN 32855 516 5 it -PRON- PRP 32855 516 6 is be VBZ 32855 516 7 probably probably RB 32855 516 8 pragmatically pragmatically RB 32855 516 9 functional functional JJ 32855 516 10 , , , 32855 516 11 for for IN 32855 516 12 it -PRON- PRP 32855 516 13 permits permit VBZ 32855 516 14 the the DT 32855 516 15 male male NN 32855 516 16 to to TO 32855 516 17 orient orient VB 32855 516 18 above above IN 32855 516 19 the the DT 32855 516 20 female female NN 32855 516 21 before before IN 32855 516 22 dropping drop VBG 32855 516 23 to to IN 32855 516 24 her -PRON- PRP$ 32855 516 25 back back RB 32855 516 26 to to TO 32855 516 27 copulate copulate VB 32855 516 28 . . . 32855 517 1 No no DT 32855 517 2 vocalization vocalization NN 32855 517 3 is be VBZ 32855 517 4 uttered uttered JJ 32855 517 5 during during IN 32855 517 6 the the DT 32855 517 7 leap leap NN 32855 517 8 - - HYPH 32855 517 9 flutter flutter NN 32855 517 10 . . . 32855 518 1 4 4 LS 32855 518 2 . . . 32855 519 1 Pre pre JJ 32855 519 2 - - JJ 32855 519 3 copulatory copulatory JJ 32855 519 4 display display NN 32855 519 5 ( ( -LRB- 32855 519 6 Fig fig NN 32855 519 7 . . . 32855 520 1 3 3 LS 32855 520 2 ) ) -RRB- 32855 520 3 . . . 32855 521 1 The the DT 32855 521 2 male male NN 32855 521 3 faces face VBZ 32855 521 4 the the DT 32855 521 5 female female NN 32855 521 6 . . . 32855 522 1 The the DT 32855 522 2 tail tail NN 32855 522 3 is be VBZ 32855 522 4 fanned fan VBN 32855 522 5 fully fully RB 32855 522 6 and and CC 32855 522 7 depressed depress VBN 32855 522 8 at at IN 32855 522 9 a a DT 32855 522 10 sharp sharp JJ 32855 522 11 vertical vertical JJ 32855 522 12 angle angle NN 32855 522 13 to to IN 32855 522 14 the the DT 32855 522 15 body body NN 32855 522 16 . . . 32855 523 1 Body body NN 32855 523 2 feathers feather NNS 32855 523 3 , , , 32855 523 4 both both CC 32855 523 5 dorsal dorsal NN 32855 523 6 and and CC 32855 523 7 ventral ventral NN 32855 523 8 , , , 32855 523 9 are be VBP 32855 523 10 ruffled ruffle VBN 32855 523 11 , , , 32855 523 12 almost almost RB 32855 523 13 tripling triple VBG 32855 523 14 the the DT 32855 523 15 apparent apparent JJ 32855 523 16 volume volume NN 32855 523 17 of of IN 32855 523 18 the the DT 32855 523 19 thorax thorax NN 32855 523 20 . . . 32855 524 1 The the DT 32855 524 2 head head NN 32855 524 3 is be VBZ 32855 524 4 withdrawn withdraw VBN 32855 524 5 and and CC 32855 524 6 slightly slightly RB 32855 524 7 thrown throw VBN 32855 524 8 back back RB 32855 524 9 . . . 32855 525 1 Feathers feather NNS 32855 525 2 of of IN 32855 525 3 the the DT 32855 525 4 head head NN 32855 525 5 are be VBP 32855 525 6 not not RB 32855 525 7 erected erect VBN 32855 525 8 . . . 32855 526 1 The the DT 32855 526 2 mouth mouth NN 32855 526 3 is be VBZ 32855 526 4 opened open VBN 32855 526 5 wide wide RB 32855 526 6 . . . 32855 527 1 The the DT 32855 527 2 legs leg NNS 32855 527 3 are be VBP 32855 527 4 slightly slightly RB 32855 527 5 flexed flex VBN 32855 527 6 and and CC 32855 527 7 the the DT 32855 527 8 body body NN 32855 527 9 is be VBZ 32855 527 10 swayed sway VBN 32855 527 11 laterally laterally RB 32855 527 12 . . . 32855 528 1 Horizontally horizontally RB 32855 528 2 , , , 32855 528 3 the the DT 32855 528 4 head head NN 32855 528 5 and and CC 32855 528 6 body body NN 32855 528 7 traverse traverse VBP 32855 528 8 an an DT 32855 528 9 arc arc NN 32855 528 10 of of IN 32855 528 11 about about RB 32855 528 12 100 100â CD 32855 528 13 ° ° NNS 32855 528 14 ; ; : 32855 528 15 vertically vertically RB 32855 528 16 , , , 32855 528 17 they -PRON- PRP 32855 528 18 traverse traverse VBP 32855 528 19 an an DT 32855 528 20 arc arc NN 32855 528 21 slightly slightly RB 32855 528 22 less less JJR 32855 528 23 than than IN 32855 528 24 180 180â CD 32855 528 25 ° ° NNS 32855 528 26 . . . 32855 529 1 At at IN 32855 529 2 the the DT 32855 529 3 low low JJ 32855 529 4 point point NN 32855 529 5 of of IN 32855 529 6 any any DT 32855 529 7 one one CD 32855 529 8 swing swing NN 32855 529 9 , , , 32855 529 10 the the DT 32855 529 11 delivery delivery NN 32855 529 12 of of IN 32855 529 13 the the DT 32855 529 14 courtship courtship NN 32855 529 15 song song NN 32855 529 16 begins begin VBZ 32855 529 17 . . . 32855 530 1 At at IN 32855 530 2 the the DT 32855 530 3 termination termination NN 32855 530 4 of of IN 32855 530 5 the the DT 32855 530 6 swing swing NN 32855 530 7 the the DT 32855 530 8 two two CD 32855 530 9 normal normal JJ 32855 530 10 , , , 32855 530 11 ascending ascend VBG 32855 530 12 notes note NNS 32855 530 13 are be VBP 32855 530 14 emitted emit VBN 32855 530 15 . . . 32855 531 1 This this DT 32855 531 2 performance performance NN 32855 531 3 may may MD 32855 531 4 last last VB 32855 531 5 as as RB 32855 531 6 long long RB 32855 531 7 as as IN 32855 531 8 three three CD 32855 531 9 minutes minute NNS 32855 531 10 . . . 32855 532 1 [ [ -LRB- 32855 532 2 Illustration illustration NN 32855 532 3 : : : 32855 532 4 FIG FIG NNP 32855 532 5 . . . 32855 533 1 3 3 LS 32855 533 2 . . . 32855 534 1 A a DT 32855 534 2 single single JJ 32855 534 3 male male NN 32855 534 4 Bell Bell NNP 32855 534 5 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 534 6 in in IN 32855 534 7 the the DT 32855 534 8 pre pre JJ 32855 534 9 - - JJ 32855 534 10 copulatory copulatory JJ 32855 534 11 display display NN 32855 534 12 . . . 32855 535 1 Note note VB 32855 535 2 the the DT 32855 535 3 ruffled ruffled JJ 32855 535 4 dorsal dorsal NN 32855 535 5 and and CC 32855 535 6 ventral ventral JJ 32855 535 7 body body NN 32855 535 8 feathers feather NNS 32855 535 9 . . . 32855 536 1 The the DT 32855 536 2 male male NN 32855 536 3 on on IN 32855 536 4 the the DT 32855 536 5 left left NN 32855 536 6 has have VBZ 32855 536 7 reached reach VBN 32855 536 8 the the DT 32855 536 9 zenith zenith NN 32855 536 10 of of IN 32855 536 11 a a DT 32855 536 12 single single JJ 32855 536 13 swing swing NN 32855 536 14 . . . 32855 537 1 The the DT 32855 537 2 male male NN 32855 537 3 on on IN 32855 537 4 the the DT 32855 537 5 right right NN 32855 537 6 has have VBZ 32855 537 7 nearly nearly RB 32855 537 8 reached reach VBN 32855 537 9 the the DT 32855 537 10 low low JJ 32855 537 11 point point NN 32855 537 12 of of IN 32855 537 13 a a DT 32855 537 14 swing swing NN 32855 537 15 . . . 32855 537 16 ] ] -RRB- 32855 538 1 The the DT 32855 538 2 pre pre JJ 32855 538 3 - - JJ 32855 538 4 copulatory copulatory JJ 32855 538 5 display display NN 32855 538 6 of of IN 32855 538 7 the the DT 32855 538 8 male male NN 32855 538 9 elicits elicit NNS 32855 538 10 receptive receptive JJ 32855 538 11 behavior behavior NN 32855 538 12 in in IN 32855 538 13 the the DT 32855 538 14 female female NN 32855 538 15 . . . 32855 539 1 She -PRON- PRP 32855 539 2 crouches crouch VBZ 32855 539 3 in in IN 32855 539 4 a a DT 32855 539 5 solicitous solicitous JJ 32855 539 6 manner manner NN 32855 539 7 , , , 32855 539 8 with with IN 32855 539 9 the the DT 32855 539 10 body body NN 32855 539 11 feathers feather NNS 32855 539 12 fluffed fluffed RB 32855 539 13 and and CC 32855 539 14 the the DT 32855 539 15 tail tail NN 32855 539 16 raised raise VBD 32855 539 17 slightly slightly RB 32855 539 18 , , , 32855 539 19 and and CC 32855 539 20 utters utter NNS 32855 539 21 a a DT 32855 539 22 muted muted JJ 32855 539 23 _ _ NNP 32855 539 24 chee chee NNP 32855 539 25 _ _ NNP 32855 539 26 . . . 32855 540 1 5 5 CD 32855 540 2 . . . 32855 541 1 Copulation copulation NN 32855 541 2 . . . 32855 542 1 The the DT 32855 542 2 male male NN 32855 542 3 abruptly abruptly RB 32855 542 4 terminates terminate VBZ 32855 542 5 his -PRON- PRP$ 32855 542 6 swaying swaying NN 32855 542 7 display display NN 32855 542 8 with with IN 32855 542 9 a a DT 32855 542 10 leap leap NN 32855 542 11 - - HYPH 32855 542 12 flutter flutter NN 32855 542 13 that that WDT 32855 542 14 positions position VBZ 32855 542 15 him -PRON- PRP 32855 542 16 above above IN 32855 542 17 the the DT 32855 542 18 female female NN 32855 542 19 's 's POS 32855 542 20 back back NN 32855 542 21 . . . 32855 543 1 He -PRON- PRP 32855 543 2 then then RB 32855 543 3 descends descend VBZ 32855 543 4 and and CC 32855 543 5 copulation copulation NN 32855 543 6 occurs occur VBZ 32855 543 7 . . . 32855 544 1 The the DT 32855 544 2 male male NN 32855 544 3 continues continue VBZ 32855 544 4 to to TO 32855 544 5 flutter flutter VB 32855 544 6 his -PRON- PRP$ 32855 544 7 wings wing NNS 32855 544 8 to to TO 32855 544 9 maintain maintain VB 32855 544 10 balance balance NN 32855 544 11 throughout throughout IN 32855 544 12 the the DT 32855 544 13 two two CD 32855 544 14 seconds second NNS 32855 544 15 of of IN 32855 544 16 cloacal cloacal JJ 32855 544 17 contact contact NN 32855 544 18 . . . 32855 545 1 Following follow VBG 32855 545 2 an an DT 32855 545 3 unsuccessful unsuccessful JJ 32855 545 4 copulation copulation NN 32855 545 5 on on IN 32855 545 6 June June NNP 32855 545 7 23 23 CD 32855 545 8 , , , 32855 545 9 1960 1960 CD 32855 545 10 , , , 32855 545 11 displacement displacement NN 32855 545 12 preening preening NN 32855 545 13 and and CC 32855 545 14 bill bill NN 32855 545 15 wiping wipe VBG 32855 545 16 were be VBD 32855 545 17 performed perform VBN 32855 545 18 by by IN 32855 545 19 both both DT 32855 545 20 sexes sex NNS 32855 545 21 . . . 32855 546 1 6 6 CD 32855 546 2 . . . 32855 547 1 Post post JJ 32855 547 2 - - JJ 32855 547 3 copulatory copulatory JJ 32855 547 4 display display NN 32855 547 5 . . . 32855 548 1 On on IN 32855 548 2 June June NNP 32855 548 3 25 25 CD 32855 548 4 , , , 32855 548 5 1960 1960 CD 32855 548 6 , , , 32855 548 7 after after IN 32855 548 8 a a DT 32855 548 9 second second JJ 32855 548 10 attempt attempt NN 32855 548 11 at at IN 32855 548 12 copulation copulation NN 32855 548 13 with with IN 32855 548 14 a a DT 32855 548 15 stuffed stuffed JJ 32855 548 16 bird bird NN 32855 548 17 in in IN 32855 548 18 which which WDT 32855 548 19 semen semen NNP 32855 548 20 was be VBD 32855 548 21 actually actually RB 32855 548 22 deposited deposit VBN 32855 548 23 on on IN 32855 548 24 the the DT 32855 548 25 dummy dummy NN 32855 548 26 's 's POS 32855 548 27 back back NN 32855 548 28 , , , 32855 548 29 male male JJ 32855 548 30 10 10 CD 32855 548 31 ( ( -LRB- 32855 548 32 1960 1960 CD 32855 548 33 ) ) -RRB- 32855 548 34 performed perform VBD 32855 548 35 a a DT 32855 548 36 swaying swaying NN 32855 548 37 display display NN 32855 548 38 . . . 32855 549 1 In in IN 32855 549 2 this this DT 32855 549 3 instance instance NN 32855 549 4 , , , 32855 549 5 however however RB 32855 549 6 , , , 32855 549 7 instead instead RB 32855 549 8 of of IN 32855 549 9 addressing address VBG 32855 549 10 the the DT 32855 549 11 dummy dummy NN 32855 549 12 from from IN 32855 549 13 the the DT 32855 549 14 front front NN 32855 549 15 , , , 32855 549 16 the the DT 32855 549 17 male male NN 32855 549 18 alighted alight VBD 32855 549 19 one one CD 32855 549 20 inch inch NN 32855 549 21 to to IN 32855 549 22 the the DT 32855 549 23 right right NN 32855 549 24 of of IN 32855 549 25 the the DT 32855 549 26 stuffed stuffed JJ 32855 549 27 bird bird NN 32855 549 28 . . . 32855 550 1 When when WRB 32855 550 2 swaying sway VBG 32855 550 3 to to IN 32855 550 4 the the DT 32855 550 5 left left NN 32855 550 6 ( ( -LRB- 32855 550 7 toward toward IN 32855 550 8 the the DT 32855 550 9 dummy dummy NN 32855 550 10 ) ) -RRB- 32855 550 11 the the DT 32855 550 12 head head NN 32855 550 13 of of IN 32855 550 14 the the DT 32855 550 15 displaying display VBG 32855 550 16 male male NN 32855 550 17 actually actually RB 32855 550 18 passed pass VBN 32855 550 19 above above IN 32855 550 20 the the DT 32855 550 21 neck neck NN 32855 550 22 of of IN 32855 550 23 the the DT 32855 550 24 stuffed stuffed JJ 32855 550 25 bird bird NN 32855 550 26 . . . 32855 551 1 This this DT 32855 551 2 ritualized ritualized JJ 32855 551 3 behavior behavior NN 32855 551 4 could could MD 32855 551 5 conceivably conceivably RB 32855 551 6 be be VB 32855 551 7 derived derive VBN 32855 551 8 from from IN 32855 551 9 hetero hetero NN 32855 551 10 - - HYPH 32855 551 11 preening preening NN 32855 551 12 . . . 32855 552 1 _ _ NNP 32855 552 2 Discussion Discussion NNP 32855 552 3 _ _ NNP 32855 552 4 Within within IN 32855 552 5 the the DT 32855 552 6 scope scope NN 32855 552 7 of of IN 32855 552 8 my -PRON- PRP$ 32855 552 9 research research NN 32855 552 10 it -PRON- PRP 32855 552 11 was be VBD 32855 552 12 difficult difficult JJ 32855 552 13 to to TO 32855 552 14 detect detect VB 32855 552 15 the the DT 32855 552 16 over over RB 32855 552 17 - - HYPH 32855 552 18 all all DT 32855 552 19 sequence sequence NN 32855 552 20 of of IN 32855 552 21 epigamic epigamic JJ 32855 552 22 displays display NNS 32855 552 23 that that WDT 32855 552 24 result result VBP 32855 552 25 in in IN 32855 552 26 synchronization synchronization NN 32855 552 27 of of IN 32855 552 28 the the DT 32855 552 29 physiological physiological JJ 32855 552 30 states state NNS 32855 552 31 of of IN 32855 552 32 the the DT 32855 552 33 sexes sex NNS 32855 552 34 throughout throughout IN 32855 552 35 the the DT 32855 552 36 period period NN 32855 552 37 of of IN 32855 552 38 courtship courtship NN 32855 552 39 . . . 32855 553 1 Possibly possibly RB 32855 553 2 all all DT 32855 553 3 displays display NNS 32855 553 4 , , , 32855 553 5 except except IN 32855 553 6 the the DT 32855 553 7 post post JJ 32855 553 8 - - JJ 32855 553 9 copulatory copulatory JJ 32855 553 10 one one NN 32855 553 11 , , , 32855 553 12 occur occur VB 32855 553 13 in in IN 32855 553 14 no no DT 32855 553 15 particular particular JJ 32855 553 16 order order NN 32855 553 17 in in IN 32855 553 18 the the DT 32855 553 19 courtship courtship NN 32855 553 20 period period NN 32855 553 21 . . . 32855 554 1 However however RB 32855 554 2 , , , 32855 554 3 each each DT 32855 554 4 ritualized ritualized JJ 32855 554 5 display display NN 32855 554 6 seemingly seemingly RB 32855 554 7 strengthens strengthen VBZ 32855 554 8 the the DT 32855 554 9 pair pair NN 32855 554 10 - - HYPH 32855 554 11 bond bond NN 32855 554 12 . . . 32855 555 1 Swaying Swaying NNP 32855 555 2 has have VBZ 32855 555 3 been be VBN 32855 555 4 recorded record VBN 32855 555 5 in in IN 32855 555 6 a a DT 32855 555 7 variety variety NN 32855 555 8 of of IN 32855 555 9 situations situation NNS 32855 555 10 of of IN 32855 555 11 a a DT 32855 555 12 sexual sexual JJ 32855 555 13 and and CC 32855 555 14 semi semi JJ 32855 555 15 - - JJ 32855 555 16 sexual sexual JJ 32855 555 17 nature nature NN 32855 555 18 for for IN 32855 555 19 the the DT 32855 555 20 Solitary Solitary NNP 32855 555 21 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 555 22 ( ( -LRB- 32855 555 23 _ _ NNP 32855 555 24 V. V. NNP 32855 556 1 solitarius solitarius NNP 32855 556 2 _ _ NNP 32855 556 3 ; ; : 32855 556 4 Townsend Townsend NNP 32855 556 5 , , , 32855 556 6 1920:158 1920:158 CD 32855 556 7 ) ) -RRB- 32855 556 8 and and CC 32855 556 9 the the DT 32855 556 10 Red red JJ 32855 556 11 - - HYPH 32855 556 12 eyed eyed JJ 32855 556 13 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 556 14 ( ( -LRB- 32855 556 15 Tyler Tyler NNP 32855 556 16 , , , 32855 556 17 1912:230 1912:230 CD 32855 556 18 ; ; : 32855 556 19 Bent Bent NNP 32855 556 20 , , , 32855 556 21 1950:342 1950:342 CD 32855 556 22 ) ) -RRB- 32855 556 23 . . . 32855 557 1 In in IN 32855 557 2 every every DT 32855 557 3 instance instance NN 32855 557 4 the the DT 32855 557 5 body body NN 32855 557 6 feathers feather NNS 32855 557 7 of of IN 32855 557 8 the the DT 32855 557 9 swaying sway VBG 32855 557 10 birds bird NNS 32855 557 11 were be VBD 32855 557 12 sleeked sleek VBN 32855 557 13 . . . 32855 558 1 Courtship courtship NN 32855 558 2 behavior behavior NN 32855 558 3 in in IN 32855 558 4 any any DT 32855 558 5 species specie NNS 32855 558 6 of of IN 32855 558 7 North north JJ 32855 558 8 American american JJ 32855 558 9 vireo vireo NN 32855 558 10 seems seem VBZ 32855 558 11 closely closely RB 32855 558 12 to to TO 32855 558 13 resemble resemble VB 32855 558 14 that that DT 32855 558 15 of of IN 32855 558 16 any any DT 32855 558 17 other other JJ 32855 558 18 ; ; : 32855 558 19 pairing pair VBG 32855 558 20 and and CC 32855 558 21 nestbuilding nestbuilding NN 32855 558 22 of of IN 32855 558 23 a a DT 32855 558 24 female female JJ 32855 558 25 _ _ NNP 32855 558 26 V. V. NNP 32855 559 1 solitarius solitarius NNP 32855 559 2 _ _ NNP 32855 559 3 and and CC 32855 559 4 a a DT 32855 559 5 male male NN 32855 559 6 _ _ NNP 32855 559 7 V. V. NNP 32855 560 1 flavifrons flavifrons NNPS 32855 560 2 _ _ NNP 32855 560 3 as as IN 32855 560 4 reported report VBN 32855 560 5 by by IN 32855 560 6 Hauser Hauser NNP 32855 560 7 ( ( -LRB- 32855 560 8 1959:383 1959:383 CD 32855 560 9 ) ) -RRB- 32855 560 10 support support VBP 32855 560 11 the the DT 32855 560 12 idea idea NN 32855 560 13 of of IN 32855 560 14 close close JJ 32855 560 15 resemblance resemblance NN 32855 560 16 . . . 32855 561 1 A a DT 32855 561 2 marked marked JJ 32855 561 3 similarity similarity NN 32855 561 4 will will MD 32855 561 5 be be VB 32855 561 6 detected detect VBN 32855 561 7 between between IN 32855 561 8 certain certain JJ 32855 561 9 basic basic JJ 32855 561 10 elements element NNS 32855 561 11 of of IN 32855 561 12 aggressive aggressive JJ 32855 561 13 and and CC 32855 561 14 epigamic epigamic JJ 32855 561 15 displays display NNS 32855 561 16 . . . 32855 562 1 These these DT 32855 562 2 basic basic JJ 32855 562 3 elements element NNS 32855 562 4 are be VBP 32855 562 5 wing- wing- JJ 32855 562 6 and and CC 32855 562 7 tail tail NN 32855 562 8 - - HYPH 32855 562 9 flicking flicking NN 32855 562 10 , , , 32855 562 11 tail tail NN 32855 562 12 - - HYPH 32855 562 13 fanning fanning NN 32855 562 14 , , , 32855 562 15 and and CC 32855 562 16 high high JJ 32855 562 17 - - HYPH 32855 562 18 intensity intensity NN 32855 562 19 delivery delivery NN 32855 562 20 of of IN 32855 562 21 the the DT 32855 562 22 _ _ NNP 32855 562 23 chee chee NNP 32855 562 24 _ _ NNP 32855 562 25 . . . 32855 563 1 Pouncing pounce VBG 32855 563 2 and and CC 32855 563 3 supplanting supplanting NN 32855 563 4 attacks attack NNS 32855 563 5 are be VBP 32855 563 6 essentially essentially RB 32855 563 7 similar similar JJ 32855 563 8 . . . 32855 564 1 Such such JJ 32855 564 2 similarities similarity NNS 32855 564 3 suggest suggest VBP 32855 564 4 either either CC 32855 564 5 a a DT 32855 564 6 common common JJ 32855 564 7 origin origin NN 32855 564 8 for for IN 32855 564 9 certain certain JJ 32855 564 10 aggressive aggressive JJ 32855 564 11 and and CC 32855 564 12 epigamic epigamic JJ 32855 564 13 displays display NNS 32855 564 14 or or CC 32855 564 15 the the DT 32855 564 16 derivation derivation NN 32855 564 17 of of IN 32855 564 18 one one CD 32855 564 19 from from IN 32855 564 20 the the DT 32855 564 21 other other JJ 32855 564 22 . . . 32855 565 1 High high JJ 32855 565 2 - - HYPH 32855 565 3 intensity intensity NN 32855 565 4 _ _ NNP 32855 565 5 cheeing cheee VBG 32855 565 6 _ _ NNP 32855 565 7 is be VBZ 32855 565 8 obviously obviously RB 32855 565 9 a a DT 32855 565 10 function function NN 32855 565 11 of of IN 32855 565 12 excitement excitement NN 32855 565 13 , , , 32855 565 14 whether whether IN 32855 565 15 in in IN 32855 565 16 conjunction conjunction NN 32855 565 17 with with IN 32855 565 18 hostility hostility NN 32855 565 19 or or CC 32855 565 20 sexual sexual JJ 32855 565 21 behavior behavior NN 32855 565 22 . . . 32855 566 1 According accord VBG 32855 566 2 to to IN 32855 566 3 Andrew Andrew NNP 32855 566 4 ( ( -LRB- 32855 566 5 1956:179 1956:179 CD 32855 566 6 ) ) -RRB- 32855 566 7 , , , 32855 566 8 flicking flick VBG 32855 566 9 of of IN 32855 566 10 wing wing NN 32855 566 11 and and CC 32855 566 12 tail tail NN 32855 566 13 in in IN 32855 566 14 passerines passerine NNS 32855 566 15 are be VBP 32855 566 16 intention intention NN 32855 566 17 movements movement NNS 32855 566 18 of of IN 32855 566 19 flight flight NN 32855 566 20 . . . 32855 567 1 These these DT 32855 567 2 actions action NNS 32855 567 3 have have VBP 32855 567 4 been be VBN 32855 567 5 emancipated emancipate VBN 32855 567 6 from from IN 32855 567 7 incomplete incomplete JJ 32855 567 8 take take NN 32855 567 9 - - HYPH 32855 567 10 offs off NNS 32855 567 11 and and CC 32855 567 12 incorporated incorporate VBN 32855 567 13 in in IN 32855 567 14 ritualized ritualized JJ 32855 567 15 courtship courtship NN 32855 567 16 and and CC 32855 567 17 agonistic agonistic JJ 32855 567 18 behavior behavior NN 32855 567 19 . . . 32855 568 1 In in IN 32855 568 2 incipient incipient JJ 32855 568 3 courtship courtship NN 32855 568 4 behavior behavior NN 32855 568 5 the the DT 32855 568 6 male male NN 32855 568 7 is be VBZ 32855 568 8 governed govern VBN 32855 568 9 by by IN 32855 568 10 three three CD 32855 568 11 conflicting conflict VBG 32855 568 12 tendencies tendency NNS 32855 568 13 ; ; : 32855 568 14 to to TO 32855 568 15 flee flee VB 32855 568 16 , , , 32855 568 17 to to TO 32855 568 18 attack attack VB 32855 568 19 , , , 32855 568 20 or or CC 32855 568 21 to to TO 32855 568 22 behave behave VB 32855 568 23 sexually sexually RB 32855 568 24 before before IN 32855 568 25 his -PRON- PRP$ 32855 568 26 mate mate NN 32855 568 27 ( ( -LRB- 32855 568 28 Tinbergen Tinbergen NNP 32855 568 29 and and CC 32855 568 30 Hinde Hinde NNP 32855 568 31 , , , 32855 568 32 1958:256 1958:256 CD 32855 568 33 ) ) -RRB- 32855 568 34 . . . 32855 569 1 When when WRB 32855 569 2 pairing pair VBG 32855 569 3 , , , 32855 569 4 Bell Bell NNP 32855 569 5 Vireos Vireos NNP 32855 569 6 interrupt interrupt VBP 32855 569 7 sexual sexual JJ 32855 569 8 chase chase NN 32855 569 9 with with IN 32855 569 10 " " `` 32855 569 11 greeting greeting NN 32855 569 12 ceremonies ceremony NNS 32855 569 13 , , , 32855 569 14 " " '' 32855 569 15 the the DT 32855 569 16 male male NN 32855 569 17 's 's POS 32855 569 18 tendency tendency NN 32855 569 19 to to TO 32855 569 20 attack attack VB 32855 569 21 and and CC 32855 569 22 the the DT 32855 569 23 female female NN 32855 569 24 's 's POS 32855 569 25 tendency tendency NN 32855 569 26 to to TO 32855 569 27 flee flee NNP 32855 569 28 are be VBP 32855 569 29 momentarily momentarily RB 32855 569 30 reduced reduce VBN 32855 569 31 , , , 32855 569 32 and and CC 32855 569 33 the the DT 32855 569 34 forming form VBG 32855 569 35 bond bond NN 32855 569 36 is be VBZ 32855 569 37 strengthened strengthen VBN 32855 569 38 . . . 32855 570 1 Thus thus RB 32855 570 2 , , , 32855 570 3 the the DT 32855 570 4 intention intention NN 32855 570 5 movements movement NNS 32855 570 6 become become VBP 32855 570 7 an an DT 32855 570 8 integral integral JJ 32855 570 9 part part NN 32855 570 10 of of IN 32855 570 11 courtship courtship NN 32855 570 12 . . . 32855 571 1 In in IN 32855 571 2 situations situation NNS 32855 571 3 where where WRB 32855 571 4 attacking attack VBG 32855 571 5 and and CC 32855 571 6 fleeing fleeing NN 32855 571 7 are be VBP 32855 571 8 the the DT 32855 571 9 two two CD 32855 571 10 conflicting conflict VBG 32855 571 11 tendencies tendency NNS 32855 571 12 , , , 32855 571 13 wing wing NN 32855 571 14 - - HYPH 32855 571 15 flicking flicking NN 32855 571 16 and and CC 32855 571 17 tail tail NN 32855 571 18 - - HYPH 32855 571 19 flicking flicking NN 32855 571 20 are be VBP 32855 571 21 incorporated incorporate VBN 32855 571 22 into into IN 32855 571 23 threat threat NN 32855 571 24 display display NN 32855 571 25 , , , 32855 571 26 but but CC 32855 571 27 do do VBP 32855 571 28 not not RB 32855 571 29 lose lose VB 32855 571 30 all all DT 32855 571 31 of of IN 32855 571 32 their -PRON- PRP$ 32855 571 33 original original JJ 32855 571 34 function function NN 32855 571 35 , , , 32855 571 36 for for IN 32855 571 37 they -PRON- PRP 32855 571 38 facilitate facilitate VBP 32855 571 39 attack attack NN 32855 571 40 . . . 32855 572 1 Tail tail NN 32855 572 2 - - HYPH 32855 572 3 fanning fanning NN 32855 572 4 , , , 32855 572 5 as as IN 32855 572 6 a a DT 32855 572 7 display display NN 32855 572 8 element element NN 32855 572 9 , , , 32855 572 10 increases increase VBZ 32855 572 11 the the DT 32855 572 12 awesome awesome JJ 32855 572 13 aspect aspect NN 32855 572 14 of of IN 32855 572 15 the the DT 32855 572 16 threatening threatening JJ 32855 572 17 bird bird NN 32855 572 18 and and CC 32855 572 19 in in IN 32855 572 20 courtship courtship NN 32855 572 21 presumably presumably RB 32855 572 22 makes make VBZ 32855 572 23 the the DT 32855 572 24 sexes sex NNS 32855 572 25 more more RBR 32855 572 26 attractive attractive JJ 32855 572 27 to to IN 32855 572 28 one one CD 32855 572 29 another another DT 32855 572 30 . . . 32855 573 1 Courtship courtship NN 32855 573 2 feeding feeding NN 32855 573 3 has have VBZ 32855 573 4 not not RB 32855 573 5 been be VBN 32855 573 6 recorded record VBN 32855 573 7 for for IN 32855 573 8 the the DT 32855 573 9 Bell Bell NNP 32855 573 10 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 573 11 . . . 32855 574 1 In in IN 32855 574 2 general general JJ 32855 574 3 , , , 32855 574 4 it -PRON- PRP 32855 574 5 is be VBZ 32855 574 6 unknown unknown JJ 32855 574 7 in in IN 32855 574 8 North north JJ 32855 574 9 American american JJ 32855 574 10 vireos vireos NN 32855 574 11 , , , 32855 574 12 with with IN 32855 574 13 the the DT 32855 574 14 exception exception NN 32855 574 15 of of IN 32855 574 16 the the DT 32855 574 17 red red JJ 32855 574 18 - - HYPH 32855 574 19 eye eye NN 32855 574 20 ( ( -LRB- 32855 574 21 Lawrence Lawrence NNP 32855 574 22 , , , 32855 574 23 1953:53 1953:53 CD 32855 574 24 ) ) -RRB- 32855 574 25 . . . 32855 575 1 It -PRON- PRP 32855 575 2 would would MD 32855 575 3 serve serve VB 32855 575 4 no no DT 32855 575 5 " " `` 32855 575 6 practical practical JJ 32855 575 7 " " '' 32855 575 8 purpose purpose NN 32855 575 9 in in IN 32855 575 10 the the DT 32855 575 11 Bell Bell NNP 32855 575 12 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 575 13 since since IN 32855 575 14 the the DT 32855 575 15 male male NN 32855 575 16 regularly regularly RB 32855 575 17 relieves relieve VBZ 32855 575 18 the the DT 32855 575 19 female female NN 32855 575 20 during during IN 32855 575 21 incubation incubation NN 32855 575 22 , , , 32855 575 23 thus thus RB 32855 575 24 allowing allow VBG 32855 575 25 her -PRON- PRP$ 32855 575 26 ample ample JJ 32855 575 27 opportunity opportunity NN 32855 575 28 to to TO 32855 575 29 forage forage VB 32855 575 30 . . . 32855 576 1 In in IN 32855 576 2 the the DT 32855 576 3 Red red JJ 32855 576 4 - - HYPH 32855 576 5 eyed eye VBN 32855 576 6 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 576 7 , , , 32855 576 8 only only RB 32855 576 9 the the DT 32855 576 10 female female JJ 32855 576 11 regularly regularly RB 32855 576 12 incubates incubate VBZ 32855 576 13 , , , 32855 576 14 and and CC 32855 576 15 courtship courtship NN 32855 576 16 feeding feeding NN 32855 576 17 is be VBZ 32855 576 18 definitely definitely RB 32855 576 19 functional functional JJ 32855 576 20 . . . 32855 577 1 Nolan Nolan NNP 32855 577 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 577 3 1960:228 1960:228 CD 32855 577 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 577 5 described describe VBD 32855 577 6 a a DT 32855 577 7 brief brief JJ 32855 577 8 pecking pecking NN 32855 577 9 or or CC 32855 577 10 pulling pull VBG 32855 577 11 with with IN 32855 577 12 their -PRON- PRP$ 32855 577 13 bills bill NNS 32855 577 14 between between IN 32855 577 15 pairing pair VBG 32855 577 16 birds bird NNS 32855 577 17 . . . 32855 578 1 This this DT 32855 578 2 may may MD 32855 578 3 be be VB 32855 578 4 incipient incipient JJ 32855 578 5 " " `` 32855 578 6 symbolic symbolic JJ 32855 578 7 " " '' 32855 578 8 courtship courtship NN 32855 578 9 feeding feeding NN 32855 578 10 , , , 32855 578 11 or or CC 32855 578 12 perhaps perhaps RB 32855 578 13 mutual mutual JJ 32855 578 14 preening preening NN 32855 578 15 . . . 32855 579 1 SELECTION selection NN 32855 579 2 OF of IN 32855 579 3 NEST nest NN 32855 579 4 - - HYPH 32855 579 5 SITE SITE NNS 32855 579 6 AND and CC 32855 579 7 NESTBUILDING nestbuilde VBG 32855 579 8 As as RB 32855 579 9 far far RB 32855 579 10 as as IN 32855 579 11 can can MD 32855 579 12 be be VB 32855 579 13 determined determine VBN 32855 579 14 , , , 32855 579 15 the the DT 32855 579 16 nest nest NN 32855 579 17 - - HYPH 32855 579 18 site site NN 32855 579 19 is be VBZ 32855 579 20 selected select VBN 32855 579 21 by by IN 32855 579 22 the the DT 32855 579 23 female female NN 32855 579 24 . . . 32855 580 1 Typically typically RB 32855 580 2 , , , 32855 580 3 the the DT 32855 580 4 pair pair NN 32855 580 5 makes make VBZ 32855 580 6 short short JJ 32855 580 7 , , , 32855 580 8 low low JJ 32855 580 9 - - HYPH 32855 580 10 level level NN 32855 580 11 flights flight NNS 32855 580 12 from from IN 32855 580 13 tree tree NN 32855 580 14 to to IN 32855 580 15 tree tree VB 32855 580 16 with with IN 32855 580 17 the the DT 32855 580 18 female female NN 32855 580 19 invariably invariably RB 32855 580 20 in in IN 32855 580 21 the the DT 32855 580 22 lead lead NN 32855 580 23 . . . 32855 581 1 The the DT 32855 581 2 birds bird NNS 32855 581 3 usually usually RB 32855 581 4 forage forage VBP 32855 581 5 within within IN 32855 581 6 each each DT 32855 581 7 tree tree NN 32855 581 8 ; ; : 32855 581 9 the the DT 32855 581 10 female female JJ 32855 581 11 interrupts interrupt VBZ 32855 581 12 this this DT 32855 581 13 activity activity NN 32855 581 14 to to TO 32855 581 15 inspect inspect VB 32855 581 16 small small JJ 32855 581 17 forks fork NNS 32855 581 18 of of IN 32855 581 19 low low JJ 32855 581 20 , , , 32855 581 21 pendant pendant JJ 32855 581 22 branches branch NNS 32855 581 23 and and CC 32855 581 24 the the DT 32855 581 25 male male NN 32855 581 26 occasionally occasionally RB 32855 581 27 pauses pause VBZ 32855 581 28 to to TO 32855 581 29 sing sing VB 32855 581 30 . . . 32855 582 1 The the DT 32855 582 2 singing singing NN 32855 582 3 is be VBZ 32855 582 4 loud loud JJ 32855 582 5 but but CC 32855 582 6 not not RB 32855 582 7 particularly particularly RB 32855 582 8 regular regular JJ 32855 582 9 , , , 32855 582 10 as as IN 32855 582 11 it -PRON- PRP 32855 582 12 is be VBZ 32855 582 13 later later RB 32855 582 14 when when WRB 32855 582 15 the the DT 32855 582 16 male male NN 32855 582 17 accompanies accompany VBZ 32855 582 18 the the DT 32855 582 19 female female NN 32855 582 20 during during IN 32855 582 21 actual actual JJ 32855 582 22 nestbuilding nestbuilding NN 32855 582 23 . . . 32855 583 1 Method method NN 32855 583 2 of of IN 32855 583 3 selection selection NN 32855 583 4 of of IN 32855 583 5 site site NN 32855 583 6 resembles resemble VBZ 32855 583 7 that that WDT 32855 583 8 described describe VBN 32855 583 9 by by IN 32855 583 10 Lawrence Lawrence NNP 32855 583 11 ( ( -LRB- 32855 583 12 1953:53 1953:53 CD 32855 583 13 ) ) -RRB- 32855 583 14 for for IN 32855 583 15 the the DT 32855 583 16 Red red JJ 32855 583 17 - - HYPH 32855 583 18 eyed eye VBN 32855 583 19 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 583 20 . . . 32855 584 1 Nests nest NNS 32855 584 2 are be VBP 32855 584 3 suspended suspend VBN 32855 584 4 from from IN 32855 584 5 lateral lateral JJ 32855 584 6 or or CC 32855 584 7 terminal terminal JJ 32855 584 8 forks fork NNS 32855 584 9 about about IN 32855 584 10 27 27 CD 32855 584 11 inches inch NNS 32855 584 12 high high JJ 32855 584 13 in in IN 32855 584 14 bushes bush NNS 32855 584 15 and and CC 32855 584 16 small small JJ 32855 584 17 trees tree NNS 32855 584 18 that that WDT 32855 584 19 , , , 32855 584 20 in in IN 32855 584 21 the the DT 32855 584 22 study study NN 32855 584 23 area area NN 32855 584 24 , , , 32855 584 25 averaged average VBD 32855 584 26 11 11 CD 32855 584 27 feet foot NNS 32855 584 28 , , , 32855 584 29 four four CD 32855 584 30 inches inch NNS 32855 584 31 in in IN 32855 584 32 height height NN 32855 584 33 ( ( -LRB- 32855 584 34 Table table NN 32855 584 35 5 5 CD 32855 584 36 ) ) -RRB- 32855 584 37 . . . 32855 585 1 The the DT 32855 585 2 height height NN 32855 585 3 above above IN 32855 585 4 ground ground NN 32855 585 5 of of IN 32855 585 6 the the DT 32855 585 7 nests nest NNS 32855 585 8 does do VBZ 32855 585 9 not not RB 32855 585 10 vary vary VB 32855 585 11 appreciably appreciably RB 32855 585 12 as as IN 32855 585 13 the the DT 32855 585 14 season season NN 32855 585 15 progresses progress VBZ 32855 585 16 as as IN 32855 585 17 is be VBZ 32855 585 18 the the DT 32855 585 19 case case NN 32855 585 20 with with IN 32855 585 21 nests nest NNS 32855 585 22 of of IN 32855 585 23 Red red JJ 32855 585 24 - - HYPH 32855 585 25 eyed eyed JJ 32855 585 26 Vireos Vireos NNP 32855 585 27 , , , 32855 585 28 for for IN 32855 585 29 which which WDT 32855 585 30 Lawrence Lawrence NNP 32855 585 31 ( ( -LRB- 32855 585 32 1953:54 1953:54 CD 32855 585 33 ) ) -RRB- 32855 585 34 noted note VBD 32855 585 35 that that IN 32855 585 36 late late JJ 32855 585 37 nests nest NNS 32855 585 38 were be VBD 32855 585 39 placed place VBN 32855 585 40 higher higher RBR 32855 585 41 than than IN 32855 585 42 those those DT 32855 585 43 built build VBN 32855 585 44 earlier early RBR 32855 585 45 in in IN 32855 585 46 the the DT 32855 585 47 season season NN 32855 585 48 . . . 32855 586 1 Most Most JJS 32855 586 2 nests nest NNS 32855 586 3 are be VBP 32855 586 4 so so RB 32855 586 5 situated situated JJ 32855 586 6 that that IN 32855 586 7 they -PRON- PRP 32855 586 8 are be VBP 32855 586 9 protected protect VBN 32855 586 10 and and CC 32855 586 11 concealed conceal VBN 32855 586 12 by by IN 32855 586 13 the the DT 32855 586 14 dense dense JJ 32855 586 15 foliage foliage NN 32855 586 16 of of IN 32855 586 17 trees tree NNS 32855 586 18 . . . 32855 587 1 Where where WRB 32855 587 2 nests nest NNS 32855 587 3 are be VBP 32855 587 4 placed place VBN 32855 587 5 in in IN 32855 587 6 low low JJ 32855 587 7 bushes bush NNS 32855 587 8 , , , 32855 587 9 as as IN 32855 587 10 coralberry coralberry NN 32855 587 11 or or CC 32855 587 12 dogwood dogwood NN 32855 587 13 , , , 32855 587 14 the the DT 32855 587 15 bush bush NNP 32855 587 16 is be VBZ 32855 587 17 invariably invariably RB 32855 587 18 overhung overhang VBN 32855 587 19 by by IN 32855 587 20 the the DT 32855 587 21 foliage foliage NN 32855 587 22 of of IN 32855 587 23 a a DT 32855 587 24 much much RB 32855 587 25 taller tall JJR 32855 587 26 shrub shrub NN 32855 587 27 or or CC 32855 587 28 tree tree NN 32855 587 29 . . . 32855 588 1 The the DT 32855 588 2 nest nest NN 32855 588 3 tree tree NN 32855 588 4 or or CC 32855 588 5 shrub shrub NN 32855 588 6 was be VBD 32855 588 7 in in IN 32855 588 8 every every DT 32855 588 9 instance instance NN 32855 588 10 situated situate VBN 32855 588 11 at at IN 32855 588 12 the the DT 32855 588 13 edge edge NN 32855 588 14 of of IN 32855 588 15 a a DT 32855 588 16 thicket thicket NN 32855 588 17 or or CC 32855 588 18 isolated isolate VBN 32855 588 19 from from IN 32855 588 20 adjacent adjacent JJ 32855 588 21 trees tree NNS 32855 588 22 by by IN 32855 588 23 several several JJ 32855 588 24 feet foot NNS 32855 588 25 . . . 32855 589 1 Preference preference NN 32855 589 2 for for IN 32855 589 3 open open JJ 32855 589 4 situations situation NNS 32855 589 5 is be VBZ 32855 589 6 characteristic characteristic JJ 32855 589 7 of of IN 32855 589 8 the the DT 32855 589 9 species specie NNS 32855 589 10 . . . 32855 590 1 In in IN 32855 590 2 contrast contrast NN 32855 590 3 , , , 32855 590 4 the the DT 32855 590 5 nest nest NN 32855 590 6 of of IN 32855 590 7 the the DT 32855 590 8 White white JJ 32855 590 9 - - HYPH 32855 590 10 eyed eye VBN 32855 590 11 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 590 12 ( ( -LRB- 32855 590 13 Bent Bent NNP 32855 590 14 , , , 32855 590 15 1950:229 1950:229 CD 32855 590 16 ) ) -RRB- 32855 590 17 is be VBZ 32855 590 18 placed place VBN 32855 590 19 toward toward IN 32855 590 20 the the DT 32855 590 21 center center NN 32855 590 22 of of IN 32855 590 23 thickets thicket NNS 32855 590 24 . . . 32855 591 1 In in IN 32855 591 2 the the DT 32855 591 3 choice choice NN 32855 591 4 of of IN 32855 591 5 sites site NNS 32855 591 6 in in IN 32855 591 7 the the DT 32855 591 8 study study NN 32855 591 9 area area NN 32855 591 10 , , , 32855 591 11 the the DT 32855 591 12 Bell Bell NNP 32855 591 13 Vireos Vireos NNP 32855 591 14 were be VBD 32855 591 15 almost almost RB 32855 591 16 unopposed unopposed JJ 32855 591 17 by by IN 32855 591 18 other other JJ 32855 591 19 avian avian JJ 32855 591 20 species specie NNS 32855 591 21 , , , 32855 591 22 owing owe VBG 32855 591 23 to to IN 32855 591 24 the the DT 32855 591 25 size size NN 32855 591 26 of of IN 32855 591 27 the the DT 32855 591 28 fork fork NN 32855 591 29 utilized utilize VBN 32855 591 30 and and CC 32855 591 31 the the DT 32855 591 32 fact fact NN 32855 591 33 that that IN 32855 591 34 the the DT 32855 591 35 nests nest NNS 32855 591 36 are be VBP 32855 591 37 located locate VBN 32855 591 38 peripherally peripherally RB 32855 591 39 , , , 32855 591 40 rather rather RB 32855 591 41 than than IN 32855 591 42 centrally centrally RB 32855 591 43 , , , 32855 591 44 in in IN 32855 591 45 the the DT 32855 591 46 bush bush NN 32855 591 47 or or CC 32855 591 48 tree tree NN 32855 591 49 . . . 32855 592 1 This this DT 32855 592 2 lack lack NN 32855 592 3 of of IN 32855 592 4 competition competition NN 32855 592 5 for for IN 32855 592 6 a a DT 32855 592 7 nest nest NN 32855 592 8 - - HYPH 32855 592 9 site site NN 32855 592 10 provides provide VBZ 32855 592 11 a a DT 32855 592 12 Bell Bell NNP 32855 592 13 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 592 14 with with IN 32855 592 15 an an DT 32855 592 16 ample ample JJ 32855 592 17 supply supply NN 32855 592 18 of of IN 32855 592 19 nest nest NN 32855 592 20 - - HYPH 32855 592 21 sites site NNS 32855 592 22 within within IN 32855 592 23 any any DT 32855 592 24 one one CD 32855 592 25 territory territory NN 32855 592 26 . . . 32855 593 1 TABLE TABLE NNP 32855 593 2 5 5 CD 32855 593 3 . . . 32855 594 1 NEST NEST NNP 32855 594 2 - - HYPH 32855 594 3 SITES site NNS 32855 594 4 UTILIZED UTILIZED NNS 32855 594 5 IN in IN 32855 594 6 1960 1960 CD 32855 594 7 . . . 32855 595 1 = = NFP 32855 595 2 = = NFP 32855 595 3 = = SYM 32855 595 4 = = SYM 32855 595 5 = = SYM 32855 595 6 = = SYM 32855 595 7 = = SYM 32855 595 8 = = SYM 32855 595 9 = = SYM 32855 595 10 = = SYM 32855 595 11 = = SYM 32855 595 12 = = SYM 32855 595 13 = = SYM 32855 595 14 = = SYM 32855 595 15 = = SYM 32855 595 16 = = SYM 32855 595 17 = = SYM 32855 595 18 = = SYM 32855 595 19 = = SYM 32855 595 20 = = SYM 32855 595 21 = = SYM 32855 595 22 = = SYM 32855 595 23 = = SYM 32855 595 24 = = SYM 32855 595 25 = = SYM 32855 595 26 = = SYM 32855 595 27 = = SYM 32855 595 28 = = SYM 32855 595 29 = = SYM 32855 595 30 = = SYM 32855 595 31 = = SYM 32855 595 32 = = SYM 32855 595 33 = = SYM 32855 595 34 = = SYM 32855 595 35 = = SYM 32855 595 36 = = SYM 32855 595 37 = = SYM 32855 595 38 = = SYM 32855 595 39 = = SYM 32855 595 40 = = SYM 32855 595 41 = = SYM 32855 595 42 = = SYM 32855 595 43 = = SYM 32855 595 44 = = SYM 32855 595 45 = = SYM 32855 595 46 = = SYM 32855 595 47 = = SYM 32855 595 48 = = SYM 32855 595 49 = = SYM 32855 595 50 = = SYM 32855 595 51 = = SYM 32855 595 52 = = SYM 32855 595 53 = = SYM 32855 595 54 = = SYM 32855 595 55 = = SYM 32855 595 56 = = SYM 32855 595 57 = = SYM 32855 595 58 = = SYM 32855 595 59 = = SYM 32855 595 60 = = SYM 32855 595 61 = = SYM 32855 595 62 = = SYM 32855 595 63 = = SYM 32855 595 64 = = SYM 32855 595 65 = = SYM 32855 595 66 = = SYM 32855 595 67 = = SYM 32855 595 68 = = SYM 32855 595 69 | | NNP 32855 595 70 Number Number NNP 32855 595 71 | | NNP 32855 595 72 Average average JJ 32855 595 73 | | NNP 32855 595 74 Average Average NNP 32855 595 75 Plant Plant NNP 32855 595 76 | | NNP 32855 595 77 of of IN 32855 595 78 | | CD 32855 595 79 height height NN 32855 595 80 of of IN 32855 595 81 | | CD 32855 595 82 height height NN 32855 595 83 of of IN 32855 595 84 | | NNP 32855 595 85 nests nest NNS 32855 595 86 | | CD 32855 595 87 plant plant NN 32855 595 88 | | CD 32855 595 89 nest nest NN 32855 595 90 -----------------------------+--------+---------------+------------- -----------------------------+--------+---------------+------------- : 32855 595 91 _ _ NNP 32855 595 92 Ulmus Ulmus NNP 32855 595 93 americana americana VBZ 32855 595 94 _ _ NNP 32855 595 95 | | NNP 32855 595 96 4 4 CD 32855 595 97 | | CD 32855 595 98 7 7 CD 32855 595 99 ft ft NN 32855 595 100 . . NNP 32855 595 101 6 6 CD 32855 595 102 in in IN 32855 595 103 . . . 32855 596 1 | | NNP 32855 596 2 2 2 CD 32855 596 3 ft ft NN 32855 596 4 . . NNP 32855 596 5 3 3 CD 32855 596 6 in in IN 32855 596 7 . . . 32855 597 1 _ _ NNP 32855 597 2 Maclura Maclura NNP 32855 597 3 pomifera pomifera NN 32855 597 4 _ _ NNP 32855 597 5 | | NNP 32855 597 6 20 20 CD 32855 597 7 | | CD 32855 597 8 13 13 CD 32855 597 9 ft ft NN 32855 597 10 . . NNP 32855 597 11 11 11 CD 32855 597 12 in in IN 32855 597 13 . . . 32855 598 1 | | NNP 32855 598 2 1 1 CD 32855 598 3 ft ft NN 32855 598 4 . . NNP 32855 598 5 11 11 CD 32855 598 6 in in IN 32855 598 7 . . . 32855 599 1 _ _ NNP 32855 599 2 Crataegus Crataegus NNP 32855 599 3 mollis mollis NNP 32855 599 4 _ _ NNP 32855 599 5 | | NNP 32855 599 6 1 1 CD 32855 599 7 | | CD 32855 599 8 11 11 CD 32855 599 9 ft ft NN 32855 599 10 . . NNP 32855 599 11 | | NNP 32855 599 12 3 3 CD 32855 599 13 ft ft NN 32855 599 14 . . NNP 32855 599 15 1 1 CD 32855 599 16 in in IN 32855 599 17 . . . 32855 600 1 _ _ NNP 32855 600 2 Gleditsia Gleditsia NNP 32855 600 3 triacanthos triacanthos NN 32855 600 4 _ _ NNP 32855 600 5 | | NNP 32855 600 6 2 2 CD 32855 600 7 | | CD 32855 600 8 15 15 CD 32855 600 9 ft ft NN 32855 600 10 . . NNP 32855 600 11 6 6 CD 32855 600 12 in in IN 32855 600 13 . . . 32855 601 1 | | NNP 32855 601 2 1 1 CD 32855 601 3 ft ft NN 32855 601 4 . . NNP 32855 601 5 9 9 CD 32855 601 6 in in IN 32855 601 7 . . . 32855 602 1 _ _ NNP 32855 602 2 Acer Acer NNP 32855 602 3 negundo negundo NNP 32855 602 4 _ _ NNP 32855 602 5 | | NNP 32855 602 6 4 4 CD 32855 602 7 | | CD 32855 602 8 8 8 CD 32855 602 9 ft ft NN 32855 602 10 . . NN 32855 602 11 9 9 CD 32855 602 12 in in IN 32855 602 13 . . . 32855 603 1 | | NNP 32855 603 2 2 2 CD 32855 603 3 ft ft NN 32855 603 4 . . NN 32855 603 5 5 5 CD 32855 603 6 in in IN 32855 603 7 . . . 32855 604 1 _ _ NNP 32855 604 2 Cornus Cornus NNP 32855 604 3 drummondi drummondi VBD 32855 604 4 _ _ NNP 32855 604 5 | | NNP 32855 604 6 2 2 CD 32855 604 7 | | CD 32855 604 8 8 8 CD 32855 604 9 ft ft NN 32855 604 10 . . NNP 32855 604 11 | | NNP 32855 604 12 2 2 CD 32855 604 13 ft ft NN 32855 604 14 . . NNP 32855 604 15 8 8 CD 32855 604 16 in in IN 32855 604 17 . . . 32855 605 1 _ _ NNP 32855 605 2 Symphoricarpos Symphoricarpos NNP 32855 605 3 orbiculatus orbiculatus NNP 32855 605 4 _ _ NNP 32855 605 5 | | NNP 32855 605 6 3 3 CD 32855 605 7 | | CD 32855 605 8 3 3 CD 32855 605 9 ft ft NN 32855 605 10 . . NNP 32855 605 11 | | NNP 32855 605 12 1 1 CD 32855 605 13 ft ft NN 32855 605 14 . . NNP 32855 605 15 10 10 CD 32855 605 16 in in IN 32855 605 17 . . . 32855 606 1 | | NNP 32855 606 2 | | CD 32855 606 3 | | CD 32855 606 4 7 7 CD 32855 606 5 | | CD 32855 606 6 36 36 CD 32855 606 7 | | CD 32855 606 8 11 11 CD 32855 606 9 ft ft NN 32855 606 10 . . NNP 32855 606 11 4 4 CD 32855 606 12 in in IN 32855 606 13 . . . 32855 607 1 | | NNP 32855 607 2 2 2 CD 32855 607 3 ft ft NN 32855 607 4 . . NNP 32855 607 5 3 3 CD 32855 607 6 in in IN 32855 607 7 . . . 32855 608 1 -----------------------------+--------+---------------+------------- -----------------------------+--------+---------------+------------- NFP 32855 608 2 Selection selection NN 32855 608 3 of of IN 32855 608 4 the the DT 32855 608 5 first first JJ 32855 608 6 nest nest NN 32855 608 7 - - HYPH 32855 608 8 site site NN 32855 608 9 may may MD 32855 608 10 take take VB 32855 608 11 as as RB 32855 608 12 long long RB 32855 608 13 as as IN 32855 608 14 two two CD 32855 608 15 days day NNS 32855 608 16 , , , 32855 608 17 possibly possibly RB 32855 608 18 owing owe VBG 32855 608 19 to to IN 32855 608 20 incomplete incomplete JJ 32855 608 21 development development NN 32855 608 22 of of IN 32855 608 23 the the DT 32855 608 24 nesting nesting JJ 32855 608 25 tendency tendency NN 32855 608 26 , , , 32855 608 27 but but CC 32855 608 28 more more RBR 32855 608 29 likely likely JJ 32855 608 30 to to IN 32855 608 31 a a DT 32855 608 32 general general JJ 32855 608 33 lack lack NN 32855 608 34 of of IN 32855 608 35 familiarity familiarity NN 32855 608 36 with with IN 32855 608 37 the the DT 32855 608 38 territory territory NN 32855 608 39 . . . 32855 609 1 Red red JJ 32855 609 2 - - HYPH 32855 609 3 eyed eyed JJ 32855 609 4 Vireos vireo NNS 32855 609 5 require require VBP 32855 609 6 five five CD 32855 609 7 to to TO 32855 609 8 six six CD 32855 609 9 days day NNS 32855 609 10 to to TO 32855 609 11 choose choose VB 32855 609 12 the the DT 32855 609 13 first first JJ 32855 609 14 nest nest NN 32855 609 15 - - HYPH 32855 609 16 site site NN 32855 609 17 ( ( -LRB- 32855 609 18 Lawrence Lawrence NNP 32855 609 19 , , , 32855 609 20 1953:54 1953:54 CD 32855 609 21 ) ) -RRB- 32855 609 22 . . . 32855 610 1 Later later JJ 32855 610 2 sites site NNS 32855 610 3 of of IN 32855 610 4 the the DT 32855 610 5 Bell Bell NNP 32855 610 6 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 610 7 are be VBP 32855 610 8 chosen choose VBN 32855 610 9 in in IN 32855 610 10 as as RB 32855 610 11 little little JJ 32855 610 12 as as IN 32855 610 13 three three CD 32855 610 14 hours hour NNS 32855 610 15 . . . 32855 611 1 Nest nest NN 32855 611 2 1-c 1-c CD 32855 611 3 ( ( -LRB- 32855 611 4 1960 1960 CD 32855 611 5 ) ) -RRB- 32855 611 6 was be VBD 32855 611 7 abandoned abandon VBN 32855 611 8 at at IN 32855 611 9 about about RB 32855 611 10 11:00 11:00 CD 32855 611 11 a.m. a.m. NN 32855 611 12 on on IN 32855 611 13 May May NNP 32855 611 14 14 14 CD 32855 611 15 , , , 32855 611 16 1960 1960 CD 32855 611 17 , , , 32855 611 18 when when WRB 32855 611 19 part part NN 32855 611 20 of of IN 32855 611 21 the the DT 32855 611 22 thicket thicket NN 32855 611 23 on on IN 32855 611 24 the the DT 32855 611 25 edge edge NN 32855 611 26 of of IN 32855 611 27 which which WDT 32855 611 28 this this DT 32855 611 29 nest nest NN 32855 611 30 was be VBD 32855 611 31 located locate VBN 32855 611 32 was be VBD 32855 611 33 removed remove VBN 32855 611 34 by by IN 32855 611 35 brush brush NN 32855 611 36 - - HYPH 32855 611 37 cutters cutter NNS 32855 611 38 clearing clear VBG 32855 611 39 a a DT 32855 611 40 power power NN 32855 611 41 line line NN 32855 611 42 right right JJ 32855 611 43 - - HYPH 32855 611 44 of of IN 32855 611 45 - - HYPH 32855 611 46 way way NN 32855 611 47 . . . 32855 612 1 By by IN 32855 612 2 2:00 2:00 CD 32855 612 3 p.m. p.m. NN 32855 612 4 this this DT 32855 612 5 pair pair NN 32855 612 6 had have VBD 32855 612 7 begun begin VBN 32855 612 8 construction construction NN 32855 612 9 of of IN 32855 612 10 1-d 1-d CD 32855 612 11 ( ( -LRB- 32855 612 12 1960 1960 CD 32855 612 13 ) ) -RRB- 32855 612 14 in in IN 32855 612 15 an an DT 32855 612 16 Osage Osage NNP 32855 612 17 orange orange NN 32855 612 18 110 110 CD 32855 612 19 feet foot NNS 32855 612 20 southwest southwest JJ 32855 612 21 of of IN 32855 612 22 1-c 1-c CD 32855 612 23 ( ( -LRB- 32855 612 24 1960 1960 CD 32855 612 25 ) ) -RRB- 32855 612 26 . . . 32855 613 1 This this DT 32855 613 2 particular particular JJ 32855 613 3 site site NN 32855 613 4 is be VBZ 32855 613 5 of of IN 32855 613 6 further further JJ 32855 613 7 interest interest NN 32855 613 8 because because IN 32855 613 9 it -PRON- PRP 32855 613 10 is be VBZ 32855 613 11 the the DT 32855 613 12 same same JJ 32855 613 13 one one CD 32855 613 14 utilized utilize VBN 32855 613 15 for for IN 32855 613 16 nest nest NN 32855 613 17 1-a 1-a CD 32855 613 18 ( ( -LRB- 32855 613 19 1960 1960 CD 32855 613 20 ) ) -RRB- 32855 613 21 . . . 32855 614 1 In in IN 32855 614 2 all all DT 32855 614 3 , , , 32855 614 4 four four CD 32855 614 5 instances instance NNS 32855 614 6 of of IN 32855 614 7 utilization utilization NN 32855 614 8 of of IN 32855 614 9 a a DT 32855 614 10 nest nest NN 32855 614 11 - - HYPH 32855 614 12 site site NN 32855 614 13 a a DT 32855 614 14 second second JJ 32855 614 15 time time NN 32855 614 16 were be VBD 32855 614 17 recorded record VBN 32855 614 18 . . . 32855 615 1 Two two CD 32855 615 2 - - HYPH 32855 615 3 a a NN 32855 615 4 ( ( -LRB- 32855 615 5 1960 1960 CD 32855 615 6 ) ) -RRB- 32855 615 7 and and CC 32855 615 8 2-d 2-d CD 32855 615 9 ( ( -LRB- 32855 615 10 1960 1960 CD 32855 615 11 ) ) -RRB- 32855 615 12 were be VBD 32855 615 13 built build VBN 32855 615 14 in in IN 32855 615 15 the the DT 32855 615 16 same same JJ 32855 615 17 fork fork NN 32855 615 18 ; ; : 32855 615 19 1-c 1-c CD 32855 615 20 ( ( -LRB- 32855 615 21 1960 1960 CD 32855 615 22 ) ) -RRB- 32855 615 23 and and CC 32855 615 24 1-h 1-h CD 32855 615 25 ( ( -LRB- 32855 615 26 1960 1960 CD 32855 615 27 ) ) -RRB- 32855 615 28 were be VBD 32855 615 29 in in IN 32855 615 30 the the DT 32855 615 31 same same JJ 32855 615 32 tree tree NN 32855 615 33 , , , 32855 615 34 but but CC 32855 615 35 not not RB 32855 615 36 the the DT 32855 615 37 same same JJ 32855 615 38 fork fork NN 32855 615 39 . . . 32855 616 1 It -PRON- PRP 32855 616 2 should should MD 32855 616 3 be be VB 32855 616 4 mentioned mention VBN 32855 616 5 that that IN 32855 616 6 1-a 1-a CD 32855 616 7 ( ( -LRB- 32855 616 8 1960 1960 CD 32855 616 9 ) ) -RRB- 32855 616 10 and and CC 32855 616 11 2-a 2-a CD 32855 616 12 ( ( -LRB- 32855 616 13 1960 1960 CD 32855 616 14 ) ) -RRB- 32855 616 15 were be VBD 32855 616 16 abortive abortive JJ 32855 616 17 attempts attempt NNS 32855 616 18 that that WDT 32855 616 19 did do VBD 32855 616 20 not not RB 32855 616 21 progress progress VB 32855 616 22 beyond beyond IN 32855 616 23 the the DT 32855 616 24 suspension suspension NN 32855 616 25 apparatus apparatus NN 32855 616 26 . . . 32855 617 1 Nice Nice NNP 32855 617 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 617 3 1929:16 1929:16 CD 32855 617 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 617 5 recorded record VBD 32855 617 6 a a DT 32855 617 7 similar similar JJ 32855 617 8 instance instance NN 32855 617 9 of of IN 32855 617 10 the the DT 32855 617 11 re re NN 32855 617 12 - - NN 32855 617 13 use use NN 32855 617 14 of of IN 32855 617 15 a a DT 32855 617 16 nest nest NN 32855 617 17 tree tree NN 32855 617 18 , , , 32855 617 19 but but CC 32855 617 20 different different JJ 32855 617 21 forks fork NNS 32855 617 22 were be VBD 32855 617 23 used use VBN 32855 617 24 . . . 32855 618 1 Re re NN 32855 618 2 - - NN 32855 618 3 use use NN 32855 618 4 of of IN 32855 618 5 an an DT 32855 618 6 exact exact JJ 32855 618 7 nest nest NN 32855 618 8 - - HYPH 32855 618 9 site site NN 32855 618 10 would would MD 32855 618 11 ordinarily ordinarily RB 32855 618 12 be be VB 32855 618 13 impossible impossible JJ 32855 618 14 if if IN 32855 618 15 the the DT 32855 618 16 initial initial JJ 32855 618 17 attempt attempt NN 32855 618 18 were be VBD 32855 618 19 not not RB 32855 618 20 abortive abortive JJ 32855 618 21 , , , 32855 618 22 because because IN 32855 618 23 the the DT 32855 618 24 presence presence NN 32855 618 25 of of IN 32855 618 26 a a DT 32855 618 27 completed complete VBN 32855 618 28 nest nest NN 32855 618 29 would would MD 32855 618 30 pose pose VB 32855 618 31 problems problem NNS 32855 618 32 in in IN 32855 618 33 construction construction NN 32855 618 34 with with IN 32855 618 35 which which WDT 32855 618 36 the the DT 32855 618 37 birds bird NNS 32855 618 38 would would MD 32855 618 39 probably probably RB 32855 618 40 be be VB 32855 618 41 unable unable JJ 32855 618 42 to to TO 32855 618 43 cope cope VB 32855 618 44 . . . 32855 619 1 ( ( -LRB- 32855 619 2 A a DT 32855 619 3 report report NN 32855 619 4 by by IN 32855 619 5 Morse Morse NNP 32855 619 6 in in IN 32855 619 7 Bent Bent NNP 32855 619 8 , , , 32855 619 9 1950:256 1950:256 CD 32855 619 10 of of IN 32855 619 11 a a DT 32855 619 12 double double JJ 32855 619 13 nest nest NN 32855 619 14 indicates indicate VBZ 32855 619 15 that that IN 32855 619 16 this this DT 32855 619 17 may may MD 32855 619 18 not not RB 32855 619 19 always always RB 32855 619 20 be be VB 32855 619 21 true true JJ 32855 619 22 . . . 32855 620 1 At at IN 32855 620 2 the the DT 32855 620 3 time time NN 32855 620 4 of of IN 32855 620 5 discovery discovery NN 32855 620 6 one one CD 32855 620 7 nest nest NN 32855 620 8 contained contain VBD 32855 620 9 two two CD 32855 620 10 eggs egg NNS 32855 620 11 and and CC 32855 620 12 the the DT 32855 620 13 other other JJ 32855 620 14 nest nest NN 32855 620 15 contained contain VBD 32855 620 16 young young JJ 32855 620 17 . . . 32855 620 18 ) ) -RRB- 32855 621 1 Since since IN 32855 621 2 nests nest NNS 32855 621 3 are be VBP 32855 621 4 used use VBN 32855 621 5 only only RB 32855 621 6 once once RB 32855 621 7 there there EX 32855 621 8 would would MD 32855 621 9 be be VB 32855 621 10 no no DT 32855 621 11 tendency tendency NN 32855 621 12 to to TO 32855 621 13 adopt adopt VB 32855 621 14 the the DT 32855 621 15 old old JJ 32855 621 16 nest nest NN 32855 621 17 . . . 32855 622 1 However however RB 32855 622 2 , , , 32855 622 3 abortive abortive JJ 32855 622 4 nests nest NNS 32855 622 5 , , , 32855 622 6 usually usually RB 32855 622 7 little little JJ 32855 622 8 more more JJR 32855 622 9 than than IN 32855 622 10 a a DT 32855 622 11 few few JJ 32855 622 12 strands strand NNS 32855 622 13 of of IN 32855 622 14 nesting nesting JJ 32855 622 15 material material NN 32855 622 16 secured secure VBN 32855 622 17 to to IN 32855 622 18 the the DT 32855 622 19 fork fork NN 32855 622 20 , , , 32855 622 21 might may MD 32855 622 22 stimulate stimulate VB 32855 622 23 the the DT 32855 622 24 birds bird NNS 32855 622 25 to to TO 32855 622 26 continue continue VB 32855 622 27 building build VBG 32855 622 28 . . . 32855 623 1 Re re NN 32855 623 2 - - NN 32855 623 3 use use NN 32855 623 4 of of IN 32855 623 5 a a DT 32855 623 6 single single JJ 32855 623 7 nest nest NN 32855 623 8 - - HYPH 32855 623 9 site site NN 32855 623 10 in in IN 32855 623 11 15.8 15.8 CD 32855 623 12 per per NN 32855 623 13 cent cent NN 32855 623 14 of of IN 32855 623 15 38 38 CD 32855 623 16 nests nest NNS 32855 623 17 built build VBN 32855 623 18 in in IN 32855 623 19 1960 1960 CD 32855 623 20 seems seem VBZ 32855 623 21 to to TO 32855 623 22 be be VB 32855 623 23 more more JJR 32855 623 24 than than IN 32855 623 25 fortuitous fortuitous JJ 32855 623 26 circumstance circumstance NN 32855 623 27 . . . 32855 624 1 This this DT 32855 624 2 re re NN 32855 624 3 - - NN 32855 624 4 use use NN 32855 624 5 may may MD 32855 624 6 have have VB 32855 624 7 physiological physiological JJ 32855 624 8 benefits benefit NNS 32855 624 9 in in IN 32855 624 10 conjunction conjunction NN 32855 624 11 with with IN 32855 624 12 apportionment apportionment NN 32855 624 13 of of IN 32855 624 14 energy energy NN 32855 624 15 for for IN 32855 624 16 other other JJ 32855 624 17 nesting nesting JJ 32855 624 18 activities activity NNS 32855 624 19 , , , 32855 624 20 because because IN 32855 624 21 rapid rapid JJ 32855 624 22 location location NN 32855 624 23 of of IN 32855 624 24 a a DT 32855 624 25 nest nest NN 32855 624 26 - - HYPH 32855 624 27 site site NN 32855 624 28 would would MD 32855 624 29 mean mean VB 32855 624 30 that that DT 32855 624 31 energy energy NN 32855 624 32 normally normally RB 32855 624 33 expended expend VBD 32855 624 34 in in IN 32855 624 35 searching search VBG 32855 624 36 and and CC 32855 624 37 selecting selecting NN 32855 624 38 could could MD 32855 624 39 be be VB 32855 624 40 rechanneled rechannele VBN 32855 624 41 for for IN 32855 624 42 actual actual JJ 32855 624 43 construction construction NN 32855 624 44 . . . 32855 625 1 In in IN 32855 625 2 each each DT 32855 625 3 of of IN 32855 625 4 the the DT 32855 625 5 instances instance NNS 32855 625 6 of of IN 32855 625 7 rebuilding rebuilding NN 32855 625 8 , , , 32855 625 9 the the DT 32855 625 10 new new JJ 32855 625 11 nest nest NN 32855 625 12 was be VBD 32855 625 13 begun begin VBN 32855 625 14 on on IN 32855 625 15 the the DT 32855 625 16 same same JJ 32855 625 17 day day NN 32855 625 18 that that WDT 32855 625 19 the the DT 32855 625 20 previous previous JJ 32855 625 21 nest nest NN 32855 625 22 was be VBD 32855 625 23 abandoned abandon VBN 32855 625 24 . . . 32855 626 1 The the DT 32855 626 2 re re NN 32855 626 3 - - NN 32855 626 4 nesting nesting NN 32855 626 5 of of IN 32855 626 6 pair pair NN 32855 626 7 9 9 CD 32855 626 8 ( ( -LRB- 32855 626 9 1960 1960 CD 32855 626 10 ) ) -RRB- 32855 626 11 is be VBZ 32855 626 12 worthy worthy JJ 32855 626 13 of of IN 32855 626 14 note note NN 32855 626 15 . . . 32855 627 1 These these DT 32855 627 2 birds bird NNS 32855 627 3 were be VBD 32855 627 4 established establish VBN 32855 627 5 in in IN 32855 627 6 the the DT 32855 627 7 elm elm NN 32855 627 8 thicket thicket NN 32855 627 9 on on IN 32855 627 10 Clark Clark NNP 32855 627 11 land land NN 32855 627 12 . . . 32855 628 1 Elm Elm NNP 32855 628 2 was be VBD 32855 628 3 by by IN 32855 628 4 far far RB 32855 628 5 the the DT 32855 628 6 most most RBS 32855 628 7 abundant abundant JJ 32855 628 8 tree tree NN 32855 628 9 , , , 32855 628 10 with with IN 32855 628 11 dogwood dogwood NN 32855 628 12 , , , 32855 628 13 Osage osage NN 32855 628 14 orange orange NN 32855 628 15 and and CC 32855 628 16 honey honey NN 32855 628 17 locust locust NN 32855 628 18 also also RB 32855 628 19 relatively relatively RB 32855 628 20 common common JJ 32855 628 21 . . . 32855 629 1 There there EX 32855 629 2 were be VBD 32855 629 3 only only RB 32855 629 4 six six CD 32855 629 5 boxelders boxelder NNS 32855 629 6 in in IN 32855 629 7 the the DT 32855 629 8 territory territory NN 32855 629 9 and and CC 32855 629 10 yet yet RB 32855 629 11 the the DT 32855 629 12 four four CD 32855 629 13 nests nest NNS 32855 629 14 built build VBN 32855 629 15 by by IN 32855 629 16 this this DT 32855 629 17 pair pair NN 32855 629 18 were be VBD 32855 629 19 placed place VBN 32855 629 20 in in IN 32855 629 21 them -PRON- PRP 32855 629 22 . . . 32855 630 1 This this DT 32855 630 2 is be VBZ 32855 630 3 the the DT 32855 630 4 only only JJ 32855 630 5 instance instance NN 32855 630 6 of of IN 32855 630 7 seeming seeming JJ 32855 630 8 preference preference NN 32855 630 9 . . . 32855 631 1 _ _ NNP 32855 631 2 Building Building NNP 32855 631 3 _ _ NNP 32855 631 4 Nestbuilding Nestbuilding NNP 32855 631 5 by by IN 32855 631 6 Bell Bell NNP 32855 631 7 Vireos vireo NNS 32855 631 8 can can MD 32855 631 9 be be VB 32855 631 10 best well RBS 32855 631 11 discussed discuss VBN 32855 631 12 in in IN 32855 631 13 terms term NNS 32855 631 14 of of IN 32855 631 15 the the DT 32855 631 16 phases phase NNS 32855 631 17 of of IN 32855 631 18 construction construction NN 32855 631 19 described describe VBN 32855 631 20 for for IN 32855 631 21 the the DT 32855 631 22 Red red JJ 32855 631 23 - - HYPH 32855 631 24 eyed eye VBN 32855 631 25 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 631 26 , , , 32855 631 27 Lawrence Lawrence NNP 32855 631 28 ( ( -LRB- 32855 631 29 1953:57 1953:57 CD 32855 631 30 ) ) -RRB- 32855 631 31 , , , 32855 631 32 which which WDT 32855 631 33 are be VBP 32855 631 34 : : : 32855 631 35 ( ( -LRB- 32855 631 36 1 1 LS 32855 631 37 ) ) -RRB- 32855 631 38 construction construction NN 32855 631 39 of of IN 32855 631 40 the the DT 32855 631 41 suspension suspension NN 32855 631 42 apparatus apparatus NN 32855 631 43 , , , 32855 631 44 ( ( -LRB- 32855 631 45 2 2 LS 32855 631 46 ) ) -RRB- 32855 631 47 construction construction NN 32855 631 48 of of IN 32855 631 49 the the DT 32855 631 50 bag bag NN 32855 631 51 , , , 32855 631 52 ( ( -LRB- 32855 631 53 3 3 LS 32855 631 54 ) ) -RRB- 32855 631 55 lining lining NN 32855 631 56 of of IN 32855 631 57 the the DT 32855 631 58 bag bag NN 32855 631 59 and and CC 32855 631 60 smoothing smooth VBG 32855 631 61 and and CC 32855 631 62 polishing polishing NN 32855 631 63 of of IN 32855 631 64 the the DT 32855 631 65 exterior exterior NN 32855 631 66 , , , 32855 631 67 and and CC 32855 631 68 ( ( -LRB- 32855 631 69 4 4 LS 32855 631 70 ) ) -RRB- 32855 631 71 adornment adornment NN 32855 631 72 of of IN 32855 631 73 the the DT 32855 631 74 exterior exterior NN 32855 631 75 . . . 32855 632 1 Red Red NNP 32855 632 2 - - HYPH 32855 632 3 eyes eye NNS 32855 632 4 ( ( -LRB- 32855 632 5 Lawrence Lawrence NNP 32855 632 6 , , , 32855 632 7 1953:59 1953:59 CD 32855 632 8 ) ) -RRB- 32855 632 9 may may MD 32855 632 10 continue continue VB 32855 632 11 adornment adornment NN 32855 632 12 far far RB 32855 632 13 into into IN 32855 632 14 the the DT 32855 632 15 period period NN 32855 632 16 of of IN 32855 632 17 incubation incubation NN 32855 632 18 . . . 32855 633 1 Both both DT 32855 633 2 the the DT 32855 633 3 male male JJ 32855 633 4 and and CC 32855 633 5 female female JJ 32855 633 6 Bell Bell NNP 32855 633 7 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 633 8 have have VBP 32855 633 9 been be VBN 32855 633 10 observed observe VBN 32855 633 11 to to TO 32855 633 12 add add VB 32855 633 13 spider spider NN 32855 633 14 egg egg NN 32855 633 15 sacs sacs JJR 32855 633 16 and and CC 32855 633 17 other other JJ 32855 633 18 silk silk NN 32855 633 19 to to IN 32855 633 20 the the DT 32855 633 21 exterior exterior NN 32855 633 22 of of IN 32855 633 23 the the DT 32855 633 24 nest nest NN 32855 633 25 as as RB 32855 633 26 late late RB 32855 633 27 as as IN 32855 633 28 the the DT 32855 633 29 sixth sixth JJ 32855 633 30 day day NN 32855 633 31 of of IN 32855 633 32 incubation incubation NN 32855 633 33 . . . 32855 634 1 Nice Nice NNP 32855 634 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 634 3 1929:16 1929:16 CD 32855 634 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 634 5 recorded record VBD 32855 634 6 only only RB 32855 634 7 the the DT 32855 634 8 female female JJ 32855 634 9 Bell Bell NNP 32855 634 10 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 634 11 building building NN 32855 634 12 , , , 32855 634 13 but but CC 32855 634 14 she -PRON- PRP 32855 634 15 did do VBD 32855 634 16 recall recall VB 32855 634 17 , , , 32855 634 18 from from IN 32855 634 19 previous previous JJ 32855 634 20 studies study NNS 32855 634 21 , , , 32855 634 22 having have VBG 32855 634 23 seen see VBN 32855 634 24 males male NNS 32855 634 25 aiding aid VBG 32855 634 26 somewhat somewhat RB 32855 634 27 . . . 32855 635 1 Pitelka Pitelka NNP 32855 635 2 and and CC 32855 635 3 Koestner Koestner NNP 32855 635 4 ( ( -LRB- 32855 635 5 1942:102 1942:102 CD 32855 635 6 ) ) -RRB- 32855 635 7 wrongly wrongly RB 32855 635 8 concluded conclude VBN 32855 635 9 that that IN 32855 635 10 the the DT 32855 635 11 female female JJ 32855 635 12 Bell Bell NNP 32855 635 13 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 635 14 builds build VBZ 32855 635 15 unaided unaided JJ 32855 635 16 , , , 32855 635 17 but but CC 32855 635 18 Hensley Hensley NNP 32855 635 19 ( ( -LRB- 32855 635 20 1950:243 1950:243 CD 32855 635 21 ) ) -RRB- 32855 635 22 observed observe VBD 32855 635 23 that that IN 32855 635 24 both both DT 32855 635 25 sexes sex NNS 32855 635 26 participated participate VBD 32855 635 27 in in IN 32855 635 28 nestbuilding nestbuilde VBG 32855 635 29 , , , 32855 635 30 and and CC 32855 635 31 Mumford Mumford NNP 32855 635 32 ( ( -LRB- 32855 635 33 1952:229 1952:229 CD 32855 635 34 ) ) -RRB- 32855 635 35 reported report VBD 32855 635 36 two two CD 32855 635 37 instances instance NNS 32855 635 38 of of IN 32855 635 39 building build VBG 32855 635 40 by by IN 32855 635 41 both both DT 32855 635 42 adults adult NNS 32855 635 43 . . . 32855 636 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 32855 636 2 description description NN 32855 636 3 of of IN 32855 636 4 the the DT 32855 636 5 activities activity NNS 32855 636 6 viewed view VBN 32855 636 7 in in IN 32855 636 8 mid mid NNP 32855 636 9 - - NNP 32855 636 10 May May MD 32855 636 11 suggest suggest VB 32855 636 12 that that IN 32855 636 13 they -PRON- PRP 32855 636 14 were be VBD 32855 636 15 of of IN 32855 636 16 the the DT 32855 636 17 transitional transitional JJ 32855 636 18 period period NN 32855 636 19 between between IN 32855 636 20 the the DT 32855 636 21 first first JJ 32855 636 22 and and CC 32855 636 23 second second JJ 32855 636 24 phases phase NNS 32855 636 25 . . . 32855 637 1 On on IN 32855 637 2 the the DT 32855 637 3 second second JJ 32855 637 4 occasion occasion NN 32855 637 5 he -PRON- PRP 32855 637 6 recorded record VBD 32855 637 7 both both DT 32855 637 8 adults adult NNS 32855 637 9 building build VBG 32855 637 10 during during IN 32855 637 11 the the DT 32855 637 12 second second JJ 32855 637 13 phase phase NN 32855 637 14 . . . 32855 638 1 Since since IN 32855 638 2 no no DT 32855 638 3 details detail NNS 32855 638 4 accompany accompany VBP 32855 638 5 this this DT 32855 638 6 second second JJ 32855 638 7 observation observation NN 32855 638 8 I -PRON- PRP 32855 638 9 assume assume VBP 32855 638 10 that that IN 32855 638 11 it -PRON- PRP 32855 638 12 pertained pertain VBD 32855 638 13 to to IN 32855 638 14 activity activity NN 32855 638 15 not not RB 32855 638 16 necessarily necessarily RB 32855 638 17 typical typical JJ 32855 638 18 of of IN 32855 638 19 this this DT 32855 638 20 phase phase NN 32855 638 21 of of IN 32855 638 22 construction construction NN 32855 638 23 . . . 32855 639 1 Whereas whereas IN 32855 639 2 both both DT 32855 639 3 sexes sex NNS 32855 639 4 of of IN 32855 639 5 the the DT 32855 639 6 Bell Bell NNP 32855 639 7 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 639 8 cooperate cooperate VBP 32855 639 9 in in IN 32855 639 10 building build VBG 32855 639 11 the the DT 32855 639 12 nest nest NN 32855 639 13 , , , 32855 639 14 only only RB 32855 639 15 the the DT 32855 639 16 female female JJ 32855 639 17 Red red JJ 32855 639 18 - - HYPH 32855 639 19 eyed eyed JJ 32855 639 20 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 639 21 builds build VBZ 32855 639 22 according accord VBG 32855 639 23 to to IN 32855 639 24 Lawrence Lawrence NNP 32855 639 25 ( ( -LRB- 32855 639 26 1953:56 1953:56 CD 32855 639 27 ) ) -RRB- 32855 639 28 . . . 32855 640 1 But but CC 32855 640 2 Common Common NNP 32855 640 3 ( ( -LRB- 32855 640 4 1934:242 1934:242 CD 32855 640 5 ) ) -RRB- 32855 640 6 saw see VBD 32855 640 7 both both DT 32855 640 8 Red red JJ 32855 640 9 - - HYPH 32855 640 10 eyed eyed JJ 32855 640 11 Vireos Vireos NNP 32855 640 12 building build VBG 32855 640 13 a a DT 32855 640 14 nest nest NN 32855 640 15 . . . 32855 641 1 The the DT 32855 641 2 suspension suspension NN 32855 641 3 apparatus apparatus NN 32855 641 4 is be VBZ 32855 641 5 constructed construct VBN 32855 641 6 by by IN 32855 641 7 only only RB 32855 641 8 the the DT 32855 641 9 male male NN 32855 641 10 on on IN 32855 641 11 the the DT 32855 641 12 first first JJ 32855 641 13 day day NN 32855 641 14 . . . 32855 642 1 He -PRON- PRP 32855 642 2 punctuates punctuate VBZ 32855 642 3 each each DT 32855 642 4 trip trip NN 32855 642 5 to to IN 32855 642 6 the the DT 32855 642 7 nest nest NN 32855 642 8 with with IN 32855 642 9 song song NN 32855 642 10 . . . 32855 643 1 The the DT 32855 643 2 single single JJ 32855 643 3 song song NN 32855 643 4 phrase phrase NN 32855 643 5 is be VBZ 32855 643 6 given give VBN 32855 643 7 from from IN 32855 643 8 three three CD 32855 643 9 to to TO 32855 643 10 eight eight CD 32855 643 11 times time NNS 32855 643 12 when when WRB 32855 643 13 the the DT 32855 643 14 male male NN 32855 643 15 , , , 32855 643 16 carrying carry VBG 32855 643 17 nesting nest VBG 32855 643 18 material material NN 32855 643 19 in in IN 32855 643 20 his -PRON- PRP$ 32855 643 21 bill bill NN 32855 643 22 , , , 32855 643 23 arrives arrive VBZ 32855 643 24 in in IN 32855 643 25 the the DT 32855 643 26 tree tree NN 32855 643 27 . . . 32855 644 1 Typically typically RB 32855 644 2 , , , 32855 644 3 he -PRON- PRP 32855 644 4 alights alight VBZ 32855 644 5 on on IN 32855 644 6 several several JJ 32855 644 7 perches perch NNS 32855 644 8 within within IN 32855 644 9 the the DT 32855 644 10 nest nest NN 32855 644 11 tree tree NN 32855 644 12 before before IN 32855 644 13 flying fly VBG 32855 644 14 to to IN 32855 644 15 the the DT 32855 644 16 nest nest NN 32855 644 17 . . . 32855 645 1 He -PRON- PRP 32855 645 2 often often RB 32855 645 3 interrupts interrupt VBZ 32855 645 4 his -PRON- PRP$ 32855 645 5 work work NN 32855 645 6 with with IN 32855 645 7 several several JJ 32855 645 8 songs song NNS 32855 645 9 ; ; : 32855 645 10 when when WRB 32855 645 11 he -PRON- PRP 32855 645 12 has have VBZ 32855 645 13 finished finish VBN 32855 645 14 adding add VBG 32855 645 15 a a DT 32855 645 16 load load NN 32855 645 17 of of IN 32855 645 18 material material NN 32855 645 19 he -PRON- PRP 32855 645 20 sings sing VBZ 32855 645 21 from from IN 32855 645 22 several several JJ 32855 645 23 perches perch NNS 32855 645 24 within within IN 32855 645 25 the the DT 32855 645 26 nest nest NN 32855 645 27 tree tree NN 32855 645 28 before before IN 32855 645 29 departing depart VBG 32855 645 30 . . . 32855 646 1 The the DT 32855 646 2 male male NN 32855 646 3 periodically periodically RB 32855 646 4 stops stop VBZ 32855 646 5 building build VBG 32855 646 6 to to TO 32855 646 7 court court VB 32855 646 8 the the DT 32855 646 9 female female NN 32855 646 10 . . . 32855 647 1 In in IN 32855 647 2 eight eight CD 32855 647 3 hours hour NNS 32855 647 4 ( ( -LRB- 32855 647 5 494 494 CD 32855 647 6 minutes minute NNS 32855 647 7 ) ) -RRB- 32855 647 8 of of IN 32855 647 9 observing observe VBG 32855 647 10 the the DT 32855 647 11 first first JJ 32855 647 12 phase phase NN 32855 647 13 of of IN 32855 647 14 construction construction NN 32855 647 15 at at IN 32855 647 16 five five CD 32855 647 17 different different JJ 32855 647 18 nests nest NNS 32855 647 19 , , , 32855 647 20 I -PRON- PRP 32855 647 21 saw see VBD 32855 647 22 the the DT 32855 647 23 female female NN 32855 647 24 come come VB 32855 647 25 to to IN 32855 647 26 the the DT 32855 647 27 nest nest NN 32855 647 28 28 28 CD 32855 647 29 times time NNS 32855 647 30 ; ; : 32855 647 31 the the DT 32855 647 32 male male NN 32855 647 33 made make VBD 32855 647 34 95 95 CD 32855 647 35 trips trip NNS 32855 647 36 . . . 32855 648 1 The the DT 32855 648 2 female female NN 32855 648 3 came come VBD 32855 648 4 alone alone RB 32855 648 5 only only RB 32855 648 6 once once RB 32855 648 7 , , , 32855 648 8 and and CC 32855 648 9 brought bring VBD 32855 648 10 nesting nesting JJ 32855 648 11 material material NN 32855 648 12 ten ten CD 32855 648 13 times time NNS 32855 648 14 , , , 32855 648 15 but but CC 32855 648 16 did do VBD 32855 648 17 not not RB 32855 648 18 build build VB 32855 648 19 ; ; : 32855 648 20 on on IN 32855 648 21 the the DT 32855 648 22 other other JJ 32855 648 23 18 18 CD 32855 648 24 occasions occasion NNS 32855 648 25 her -PRON- PRP$ 32855 648 26 visits visit NNS 32855 648 27 were be VBD 32855 648 28 brief brief JJ 32855 648 29 and and CC 32855 648 30 she -PRON- PRP 32855 648 31 usually usually RB 32855 648 32 confined confine VBD 32855 648 33 her -PRON- PRP$ 32855 648 34 activities activity NNS 32855 648 35 to to IN 32855 648 36 an an DT 32855 648 37 inspection inspection NN 32855 648 38 of of IN 32855 648 39 the the DT 32855 648 40 nest nest NN 32855 648 41 . . . 32855 649 1 Twenty twenty CD 32855 649 2 of of IN 32855 649 3 the the DT 32855 649 4 visits visit NNS 32855 649 5 by by IN 32855 649 6 the the DT 32855 649 7 female female NN 32855 649 8 were be VBD 32855 649 9 made make VBN 32855 649 10 late late JJ 32855 649 11 in in IN 32855 649 12 the the DT 32855 649 13 first first JJ 32855 649 14 phase phase NN 32855 649 15 , , , 32855 649 16 marking mark VBG 32855 649 17 a a DT 32855 649 18 gradual gradual JJ 32855 649 19 transition transition NN 32855 649 20 to to IN 32855 649 21 her -PRON- PRP$ 32855 649 22 assumption assumption NN 32855 649 23 of of IN 32855 649 24 building build VBG 32855 649 25 responsibility responsibility NN 32855 649 26 . . . 32855 650 1 ( ( -LRB- 32855 650 2 The the DT 32855 650 3 delay delay NN 32855 650 4 by by IN 32855 650 5 the the DT 32855 650 6 female female NN 32855 650 7 in in IN 32855 650 8 beginning begin VBG 32855 650 9 to to TO 32855 650 10 build build VB 32855 650 11 is be VBZ 32855 650 12 puzzling puzzling JJ 32855 650 13 ; ; : 32855 650 14 because because IN 32855 650 15 all all DT 32855 650 16 evidence evidence NN 32855 650 17 indicates indicate VBZ 32855 650 18 that that IN 32855 650 19 she -PRON- PRP 32855 650 20 helps help VBZ 32855 650 21 select select VB 32855 650 22 the the DT 32855 650 23 nest nest NN 32855 650 24 - - HYPH 32855 650 25 site site NN 32855 650 26 , , , 32855 650 27 I -PRON- PRP 32855 650 28 would would MD 32855 650 29 expect expect VB 32855 650 30 her -PRON- PRP 32855 650 31 to to TO 32855 650 32 help help VB 32855 650 33 with with IN 32855 650 34 the the DT 32855 650 35 initial initial JJ 32855 650 36 building building NN 32855 650 37 . . . 32855 651 1 There there EX 32855 651 2 seems seem VBZ 32855 651 3 to to TO 32855 651 4 be be VB 32855 651 5 no no DT 32855 651 6 clear clear JJ 32855 651 7 advantage advantage NN 32855 651 8 in in IN 32855 651 9 her -PRON- PRP$ 32855 651 10 delay delay NN 32855 651 11 in in IN 32855 651 12 beginning beginning NN 32855 651 13 to to TO 32855 651 14 build build VB 32855 651 15 . . . 32855 651 16 ) ) -RRB- 32855 652 1 The the DT 32855 652 2 courtship courtship NN 32855 652 3 and and CC 32855 652 4 building building NN 32855 652 5 activities activity NNS 32855 652 6 of of IN 32855 652 7 the the DT 32855 652 8 male male NN 32855 652 9 plus plus CC 32855 652 10 the the DT 32855 652 11 presence presence NN 32855 652 12 of of IN 32855 652 13 a a DT 32855 652 14 partly partly RB 32855 652 15 completed complete VBN 32855 652 16 nest nest NN 32855 652 17 seem seem VBP 32855 652 18 to to TO 32855 652 19 stimulate stimulate VB 32855 652 20 the the DT 32855 652 21 female female NN 32855 652 22 to to TO 32855 652 23 commence commence VB 32855 652 24 building building NN 32855 652 25 . . . 32855 653 1 Her -PRON- PRP$ 32855 653 2 visits visit NNS 32855 653 3 become become VBP 32855 653 4 more more RBR 32855 653 5 frequent frequent JJ 32855 653 6 as as IN 32855 653 7 construction construction NN 32855 653 8 of of IN 32855 653 9 the the DT 32855 653 10 suspension suspension NN 32855 653 11 apparatus apparatus NN 32855 653 12 nears near VBZ 32855 653 13 completion completion NN 32855 653 14 . . . 32855 654 1 At at IN 32855 654 2 a a DT 32855 654 3 time time NN 32855 654 4 early early RB 32855 654 5 in in IN 32855 654 6 the the DT 32855 654 7 second second JJ 32855 654 8 day day NN 32855 654 9 the the DT 32855 654 10 transition transition NN 32855 654 11 has have VBZ 32855 654 12 taken take VBN 32855 654 13 place place NN 32855 654 14 , , , 32855 654 15 and and CC 32855 654 16 the the DT 32855 654 17 female female NN 32855 654 18 becomes become VBZ 32855 654 19 the the DT 32855 654 20 sole sole JJ 32855 654 21 worker worker NN 32855 654 22 . . . 32855 655 1 On on IN 32855 655 2 May May NNP 32855 655 3 7 7 CD 32855 655 4 , , , 32855 655 5 1960 1960 CD 32855 655 6 , , , 32855 655 7 male male JJ 32855 655 8 2 2 CD 32855 655 9 ( ( -LRB- 32855 655 10 1960 1960 CD 32855 655 11 ) ) -RRB- 32855 655 12 , , , 32855 655 13 at at IN 32855 655 14 the the DT 32855 655 15 time time NN 32855 655 16 unmated unmated JJ 32855 655 17 , , , 32855 655 18 was be VBD 32855 655 19 observed observe VBN 32855 655 20 as as IN 32855 655 21 he -PRON- PRP 32855 655 22 came come VBD 32855 655 23 upon upon IN 32855 655 24 a a DT 32855 655 25 nest nest NN 32855 655 26 of of IN 32855 655 27 the the DT 32855 655 28 previous previous JJ 32855 655 29 year year NN 32855 655 30 . . . 32855 656 1 The the DT 32855 656 2 nest nest NN 32855 656 3 , , , 32855 656 4 after after IN 32855 656 5 a a DT 32855 656 6 year year NN 32855 656 7 's 's POS 32855 656 8 weathering weathering NN 32855 656 9 , , , 32855 656 10 suggested suggest VBN 32855 656 11 in in IN 32855 656 12 appearance appearance NN 32855 656 13 perhaps perhaps RB 32855 656 14 an an DT 32855 656 15 early early JJ 32855 656 16 second second JJ 32855 656 17 - - HYPH 32855 656 18 day day NN 32855 656 19 nest nest NN 32855 656 20 . . . 32855 657 1 The the DT 32855 657 2 bird bird NN 32855 657 3 flew fly VBD 32855 657 4 to to IN 32855 657 5 the the DT 32855 657 6 nest nest NN 32855 657 7 and and CC 32855 657 8 tugged tug VBD 32855 657 9 and and CC 32855 657 10 wove wove VB 32855 657 11 loose loose JJ 32855 657 12 strands strand NNS 32855 657 13 of of IN 32855 657 14 grass grass NN 32855 657 15 for for IN 32855 657 16 three three CD 32855 657 17 minutes minute NNS 32855 657 18 . . . 32855 658 1 Before before IN 32855 658 2 leaving leave VBG 32855 658 3 the the DT 32855 658 4 site site NN 32855 658 5 , , , 32855 658 6 the the DT 32855 658 7 bird bird NN 32855 658 8 sang sing VBD 32855 658 9 twice twice RB 32855 658 10 from from IN 32855 658 11 different different JJ 32855 658 12 perches perch NNS 32855 658 13 . . . 32855 659 1 This this DT 32855 659 2 observation observation NN 32855 659 3 suggests suggest VBZ 32855 659 4 that that IN 32855 659 5 a a DT 32855 659 6 partly partly RB 32855 659 7 constructed construct VBN 32855 659 8 nest nest NN 32855 659 9 can can MD 32855 659 10 elicit elicit VB 32855 659 11 nestbuilding nestbuilde VBG 32855 659 12 behavior behavior NN 32855 659 13 , , , 32855 659 14 even even RB 32855 659 15 in in IN 32855 659 16 an an DT 32855 659 17 unmated unmated JJ 32855 659 18 male male NN 32855 659 19 . . . 32855 660 1 The the DT 32855 660 2 techniques technique NNS 32855 660 3 of of IN 32855 660 4 building building NN 32855 660 5 by by IN 32855 660 6 the the DT 32855 660 7 male male NN 32855 660 8 consist consist VBP 32855 660 9 primarily primarily RB 32855 660 10 of of IN 32855 660 11 laying lay VBG 32855 660 12 pieces piece NNS 32855 660 13 of of IN 32855 660 14 grass grass NN 32855 660 15 or or CC 32855 660 16 bark bark NN 32855 660 17 across across IN 32855 660 18 the the DT 32855 660 19 fork fork NN 32855 660 20 , , , 32855 660 21 or or CC 32855 660 22 along along IN 32855 660 23 one one CD 32855 660 24 of of IN 32855 660 25 its -PRON- PRP$ 32855 660 26 branches branch NNS 32855 660 27 , , , 32855 660 28 and and CC 32855 660 29 then then RB 32855 660 30 fastening fasten VBG 32855 660 31 them -PRON- PRP 32855 660 32 in in IN 32855 660 33 place place NN 32855 660 34 with with IN 32855 660 35 pieces piece NNS 32855 660 36 of of IN 32855 660 37 animal animal NN 32855 660 38 silk silk NN 32855 660 39 . . . 32855 661 1 Once once RB 32855 661 2 a a DT 32855 661 3 " " `` 32855 661 4 racket racket NN 32855 661 5 " " '' 32855 661 6 has have VBZ 32855 661 7 been be VBN 32855 661 8 formed form VBN 32855 661 9 , , , 32855 661 10 spider spider VB 32855 661 11 egg egg NN 32855 661 12 cases case NNS 32855 661 13 and and CC 32855 661 14 plant plant NN 32855 661 15 down down RB 32855 661 16 are be VBP 32855 661 17 emplaced emplace VBN 32855 661 18 among among IN 32855 661 19 the the DT 32855 661 20 fibers fiber NNS 32855 661 21 . . . 32855 662 1 The the DT 32855 662 2 male male NN 32855 662 3 employs employ VBZ 32855 662 4 weaving weave VBG 32855 662 5 , , , 32855 662 6 twisting twisting NN 32855 662 7 , , , 32855 662 8 and and CC 32855 662 9 pecking peck VBG 32855 662 10 motions motion NNS 32855 662 11 of of IN 32855 662 12 the the DT 32855 662 13 head head NN 32855 662 14 to to IN 32855 662 15 emplace emplace NNP 32855 662 16 material material NN 32855 662 17 . . . 32855 663 1 As as IN 32855 663 2 previously previously RB 32855 663 3 indicated indicate VBN 32855 663 4 , , , 32855 663 5 the the DT 32855 663 6 female female NN 32855 663 7 is be VBZ 32855 663 8 the the DT 32855 663 9 principal principal JJ 32855 663 10 worker worker NN 32855 663 11 in in IN 32855 663 12 the the DT 32855 663 13 second second JJ 32855 663 14 and and CC 32855 663 15 third third JJ 32855 663 16 phases phase NNS 32855 663 17 of of IN 32855 663 18 construction construction NN 32855 663 19 . . . 32855 664 1 The the DT 32855 664 2 male male NN 32855 664 3 infrequently infrequently RB 32855 664 4 visits visit VBZ 32855 664 5 the the DT 32855 664 6 nest nest NN 32855 664 7 , , , 32855 664 8 but but CC 32855 664 9 regularly regularly RB 32855 664 10 visits visit VBZ 32855 664 11 the the DT 32855 664 12 nest nest NN 32855 664 13 tree tree NN 32855 664 14 . . . 32855 665 1 The the DT 32855 665 2 molding molding NN 32855 665 3 of of IN 32855 665 4 the the DT 32855 665 5 bag bag NN 32855 665 6 is be VBZ 32855 665 7 accomplished accomplish VBN 32855 665 8 by by IN 32855 665 9 piling pile VBG 32855 665 10 leaves leave NNS 32855 665 11 , , , 32855 665 12 grasses grass NNS 32855 665 13 and and CC 32855 665 14 plant plant VB 32855 665 15 down down RP 32855 665 16 onto onto IN 32855 665 17 the the DT 32855 665 18 suspension suspension NN 32855 665 19 apparatus apparatus NN 32855 665 20 . . . 32855 666 1 This this DT 32855 666 2 material material NN 32855 666 3 is be VBZ 32855 666 4 also also RB 32855 666 5 bound bind VBN 32855 666 6 in in RP 32855 666 7 with with IN 32855 666 8 animal animal NN 32855 666 9 silk silk NN 32855 666 10 . . . 32855 667 1 As as IN 32855 667 2 the the DT 32855 667 3 amount amount NN 32855 667 4 of of IN 32855 667 5 material material NN 32855 667 6 accumulates accumulate NNS 32855 667 7 , , , 32855 667 8 the the DT 32855 667 9 female female NN 32855 667 10 begins begin VBZ 32855 667 11 to to TO 32855 667 12 trample trample VB 32855 667 13 it -PRON- PRP 32855 667 14 and and CC 32855 667 15 gradually gradually RB 32855 667 16 the the DT 32855 667 17 bag bag NN 32855 667 18 takes take VBZ 32855 667 19 shape shape NN 32855 667 20 . . . 32855 668 1 When when WRB 32855 668 2 trampling trampling NN 32855 668 3 is be VBZ 32855 668 4 first first RB 32855 668 5 attempted attempt VBN 32855 668 6 , , , 32855 668 7 the the DT 32855 668 8 nest nest NN 32855 668 9 often often RB 32855 668 10 fails fail VBZ 32855 668 11 to to TO 32855 668 12 support support VB 32855 668 13 the the DT 32855 668 14 female female NN 32855 668 15 and and CC 32855 668 16 she -PRON- PRP 32855 668 17 falls fall VBZ 32855 668 18 through through IN 32855 668 19 the the DT 32855 668 20 bottom bottom NN 32855 668 21 of of IN 32855 668 22 the the DT 32855 668 23 nest nest NN 32855 668 24 . . . 32855 669 1 Such such PDT 32855 669 2 an an DT 32855 669 3 occurrence occurrence NN 32855 669 4 was be VBD 32855 669 5 observed observe VBN 32855 669 6 on on IN 32855 669 7 May May NNP 32855 669 8 23 23 CD 32855 669 9 , , , 32855 669 10 1960 1960 CD 32855 669 11 , , , 32855 669 12 on on IN 32855 669 13 three three CD 32855 669 14 consecutive consecutive JJ 32855 669 15 trips trip NNS 32855 669 16 by by IN 32855 669 17 female female JJ 32855 669 18 1 1 CD 32855 669 19 ( ( -LRB- 32855 669 20 1960 1960 CD 32855 669 21 ) ) -RRB- 32855 669 22 , , , 32855 669 23 in in IN 32855 669 24 constructing construct VBG 32855 669 25 nest nest NN 32855 669 26 1-e 1-e CD 32855 669 27 ( ( -LRB- 32855 669 28 1960 1960 CD 32855 669 29 ) ) -RRB- 32855 669 30 . . . 32855 670 1 As as IN 32855 670 2 the the DT 32855 670 3 bag bag NN 32855 670 4 deepens deepen VBZ 32855 670 5 , , , 32855 670 6 additional additional JJ 32855 670 7 strands strand NNS 32855 670 8 of of IN 32855 670 9 grass grass NN 32855 670 10 are be VBP 32855 670 11 added add VBN 32855 670 12 to to IN 32855 670 13 the the DT 32855 670 14 wall wall NN 32855 670 15 and and CC 32855 670 16 woven weave VBN 32855 670 17 into into IN 32855 670 18 place place NN 32855 670 19 . . . 32855 671 1 The the DT 32855 671 2 male male NN 32855 671 3 is be VBZ 32855 671 4 extremely extremely RB 32855 671 5 attentive attentive JJ 32855 671 6 during during IN 32855 671 7 this this DT 32855 671 8 and and CC 32855 671 9 the the DT 32855 671 10 following following JJ 32855 671 11 phase phase NN 32855 671 12 . . . 32855 672 1 He -PRON- PRP 32855 672 2 follows follow VBZ 32855 672 3 the the DT 32855 672 4 female female NN 32855 672 5 as as IN 32855 672 6 she -PRON- PRP 32855 672 7 gathers gather VBZ 32855 672 8 nest nest NN 32855 672 9 - - HYPH 32855 672 10 material material NN 32855 672 11 accompanying accompany VBG 32855 672 12 both both CC 32855 672 13 this this DT 32855 672 14 activity activity NN 32855 672 15 and and CC 32855 672 16 her -PRON- PRP$ 32855 672 17 building building NN 32855 672 18 with with IN 32855 672 19 rapid rapid JJ 32855 672 20 song song NN 32855 672 21 ; ; : 32855 672 22 he -PRON- PRP 32855 672 23 may may MD 32855 672 24 give give VB 32855 672 25 an an DT 32855 672 26 average average NN 32855 672 27 of of IN 32855 672 28 seven seven CD 32855 672 29 song song NN 32855 672 30 phrases phrase NNS 32855 672 31 per per IN 32855 672 32 minute minute NN 32855 672 33 . . . 32855 673 1 The the DT 32855 673 2 male male NN 32855 673 3 brings bring VBZ 32855 673 4 to to IN 32855 673 5 the the DT 32855 673 6 nest nest NN 32855 673 7 a a DT 32855 673 8 strand strand NN 32855 673 9 of of IN 32855 673 10 grass grass NN 32855 673 11 , , , 32855 673 12 or or CC 32855 673 13 some some DT 32855 673 14 other other JJ 32855 673 15 material material NN 32855 673 16 , , , 32855 673 17 about about RB 32855 673 18 every every DT 32855 673 19 twentieth twentieth JJ 32855 673 20 trip trip NN 32855 673 21 . . . 32855 674 1 He -PRON- PRP 32855 674 2 frequently frequently RB 32855 674 3 inspects inspect VBZ 32855 674 4 the the DT 32855 674 5 nest nest NN 32855 674 6 and and CC 32855 674 7 the the DT 32855 674 8 activities activity NNS 32855 674 9 of of IN 32855 674 10 the the DT 32855 674 11 female female NN 32855 674 12 from from IN 32855 674 13 perches perch NNS 32855 674 14 near near IN 32855 674 15 the the DT 32855 674 16 nest nest NN 32855 674 17 . . . 32855 675 1 Construction construction NN 32855 675 2 of of IN 32855 675 3 the the DT 32855 675 4 bag bag NN 32855 675 5 is be VBZ 32855 675 6 ordinarily ordinarily RB 32855 675 7 completed complete VBN 32855 675 8 in in IN 32855 675 9 the the DT 32855 675 10 third third JJ 32855 675 11 day day NN 32855 675 12 . . . 32855 676 1 The the DT 32855 676 2 third third JJ 32855 676 3 phase phase NN 32855 676 4 , , , 32855 676 5 the the DT 32855 676 6 lining lining NN 32855 676 7 of of IN 32855 676 8 the the DT 32855 676 9 interior interior NNP 32855 676 10 and and CC 32855 676 11 the the DT 32855 676 12 smoothing smoothing NN 32855 676 13 of of IN 32855 676 14 the the DT 32855 676 15 exterior exterior NN 32855 676 16 , , , 32855 676 17 involves involve VBZ 32855 676 18 an an DT 32855 676 19 additional additional JJ 32855 676 20 one one CD 32855 676 21 and and CC 32855 676 22 one one CD 32855 676 23 - - HYPH 32855 676 24 half half NN 32855 676 25 to to TO 32855 676 26 two two CD 32855 676 27 days day NNS 32855 676 28 . . . 32855 677 1 Smoothing smooth VBG 32855 677 2 of of IN 32855 677 3 the the DT 32855 677 4 exterior exterior NN 32855 677 5 refers refer VBZ 32855 677 6 to to IN 32855 677 7 tightening tightening NN 32855 677 8 of of IN 32855 677 9 the the DT 32855 677 10 grasses grass NNS 32855 677 11 woven weave VBN 32855 677 12 into into IN 32855 677 13 the the DT 32855 677 14 bag bag NN 32855 677 15 and and CC 32855 677 16 addition addition NN 32855 677 17 of of IN 32855 677 18 more more JJR 32855 677 19 animal animal NN 32855 677 20 silk silk NN 32855 677 21 . . . 32855 678 1 In in IN 32855 678 2 lining line VBG 32855 678 3 the the DT 32855 678 4 nest nest NN 32855 678 5 , , , 32855 678 6 the the DT 32855 678 7 female female JJ 32855 678 8 stands stand VBZ 32855 678 9 on on IN 32855 678 10 one one CD 32855 678 11 of of IN 32855 678 12 the the DT 32855 678 13 branches branch NNS 32855 678 14 of of IN 32855 678 15 the the DT 32855 678 16 fork fork NN 32855 678 17 and and CC 32855 678 18 emplaces emplace VBZ 32855 678 19 one one CD 32855 678 20 end end NN 32855 678 21 of of IN 32855 678 22 a a DT 32855 678 23 long long JJ 32855 678 24 , , , 32855 678 25 thin thin JJ 32855 678 26 strand strand NN 32855 678 27 of of IN 32855 678 28 some some DT 32855 678 29 relatively relatively RB 32855 678 30 stiff stiff JJ 32855 678 31 piece piece NN 32855 678 32 of of IN 32855 678 33 grass grass NN 32855 678 34 or or CC 32855 678 35 strip strip NN 32855 678 36 of of IN 32855 678 37 bark bark NN 32855 678 38 . . . 32855 679 1 She -PRON- PRP 32855 679 2 then then RB 32855 679 3 jumps jump VBZ 32855 679 4 into into IN 32855 679 5 the the DT 32855 679 6 bag bag NN 32855 679 7 and and CC 32855 679 8 , , , 32855 679 9 while while IN 32855 679 10 slowly slowly RB 32855 679 11 turning turn VBG 32855 679 12 around around RB 32855 679 13 , , , 32855 679 14 pecks peck VBZ 32855 679 15 it -PRON- PRP 32855 679 16 into into IN 32855 679 17 place place NN 32855 679 18 , , , 32855 679 19 thus thus RB 32855 679 20 coiling coil VBG 32855 679 21 the the DT 32855 679 22 strand strand NN 32855 679 23 neatly neatly RB 32855 679 24 around around IN 32855 679 25 the the DT 32855 679 26 interior interior NN 32855 679 27 of of IN 32855 679 28 the the DT 32855 679 29 bag bag NN 32855 679 30 . . . 32855 680 1 As as IN 32855 680 2 previously previously RB 32855 680 3 mentioned mention VBN 32855 680 4 , , , 32855 680 5 the the DT 32855 680 6 fourth fourth JJ 32855 680 7 phase phase NN 32855 680 8 overlaps overlap VBZ 32855 680 9 the the DT 32855 680 10 periods period NNS 32855 680 11 of of IN 32855 680 12 lining lining NN 32855 680 13 , , , 32855 680 14 smoothing smooth VBG 32855 680 15 , , , 32855 680 16 egglaying egglaye VBG 32855 680 17 , , , 32855 680 18 and and CC 32855 680 19 incubation incubation NN 32855 680 20 . . . 32855 681 1 The the DT 32855 681 2 principal principal JJ 32855 681 3 activity activity NN 32855 681 4 is be VBZ 32855 681 5 the the DT 32855 681 6 addition addition NN 32855 681 7 of of IN 32855 681 8 white white NNP 32855 681 9 spider spider NNP 32855 681 10 egg egg NNP 32855 681 11 sacs sacs NNP 32855 681 12 to to IN 32855 681 13 the the DT 32855 681 14 exterior exterior NN 32855 681 15 . . . 32855 682 1 The the DT 32855 682 2 trips trip NNS 32855 682 3 are be VBP 32855 682 4 infrequent infrequent JJ 32855 682 5 ; ; : 32855 682 6 but but CC 32855 682 7 , , , 32855 682 8 occasionally occasionally RB 32855 682 9 , , , 32855 682 10 birds bird NNS 32855 682 11 will will MD 32855 682 12 interrupt interrupt VB 32855 682 13 an an DT 32855 682 14 hour hour NN 32855 682 15 of of IN 32855 682 16 incubation incubation NN 32855 682 17 with with IN 32855 682 18 three three CD 32855 682 19 or or CC 32855 682 20 four four CD 32855 682 21 minutes minute NNS 32855 682 22 of of IN 32855 682 23 active active JJ 32855 682 24 adornment adornment NN 32855 682 25 , , , 32855 682 26 during during IN 32855 682 27 which which WDT 32855 682 28 several several JJ 32855 682 29 trips trip NNS 32855 682 30 may may MD 32855 682 31 be be VB 32855 682 32 made make VBN 32855 682 33 . . . 32855 683 1 Both both DT 32855 683 2 sexes sex NNS 32855 683 3 participate participate VBP 32855 683 4 in in IN 32855 683 5 this this DT 32855 683 6 phase phase NN 32855 683 7 . . . 32855 684 1 _ _ NNP 32855 684 2 Gathering Gathering NNP 32855 684 3 of of IN 32855 684 4 Nesting Nesting NNP 32855 684 5 Material Material NNP 32855 684 6 _ _ NNP 32855 684 7 Nesting Nesting NNP 32855 684 8 materials material NNS 32855 684 9 were be VBD 32855 684 10 gathered gather VBN 32855 684 11 anywhere anywhere RB 32855 684 12 within within IN 32855 684 13 the the DT 32855 684 14 territory territory NN 32855 684 15 . . . 32855 685 1 Occasionally occasionally RB 32855 685 2 materials material NNS 32855 685 3 were be VBD 32855 685 4 collected collect VBN 32855 685 5 from from IN 32855 685 6 within within IN 32855 685 7 the the DT 32855 685 8 nest nest NN 32855 685 9 tree tree NN 32855 685 10 , , , 32855 685 11 but but CC 32855 685 12 usually usually RB 32855 685 13 they -PRON- PRP 32855 685 14 were be VBD 32855 685 15 obtained obtain VBN 32855 685 16 20 20 CD 32855 685 17 to to TO 32855 685 18 200 200 CD 32855 685 19 feet foot NNS 32855 685 20 from from IN 32855 685 21 the the DT 32855 685 22 nest nest NN 32855 685 23 - - HYPH 32855 685 24 site site NN 32855 685 25 . . . 32855 686 1 On on IN 32855 686 2 several several JJ 32855 686 3 occasions occasion NNS 32855 686 4 I -PRON- PRP 32855 686 5 observed observe VBD 32855 686 6 birds bird NNS 32855 686 7 inspecting inspect VBG 32855 686 8 stems stem NNS 32855 686 9 or or CC 32855 686 10 branches branch NNS 32855 686 11 where where WRB 32855 686 12 bark bark NN 32855 686 13 was be VBD 32855 686 14 frayed fray VBN 32855 686 15 . . . 32855 687 1 Loose loose JJ 32855 687 2 ends end NNS 32855 687 3 are be VBP 32855 687 4 grasped grasp VBN 32855 687 5 in in IN 32855 687 6 the the DT 32855 687 7 beak beak NN 32855 687 8 and and CC 32855 687 9 torn tear VBN 32855 687 10 free free JJ 32855 687 11 with with IN 32855 687 12 an an DT 32855 687 13 upward upward JJ 32855 687 14 jerk jerk NN 32855 687 15 of of IN 32855 687 16 the the DT 32855 687 17 head head NN 32855 687 18 . . . 32855 688 1 Possibly possibly RB 32855 688 2 the the DT 32855 688 3 notch notch NN 32855 688 4 near near IN 32855 688 5 the the DT 32855 688 6 distal distal JJ 32855 688 7 end end NN 32855 688 8 of of IN 32855 688 9 the the DT 32855 688 10 upper upper JJ 32855 688 11 mandible mandible JJ 32855 688 12 aids aids NNP 32855 688 13 in in IN 32855 688 14 grasping grasp VBG 32855 688 15 these these DT 32855 688 16 strands strand NNS 32855 688 17 . . . 32855 689 1 Plant plant NN 32855 689 2 down down RB 32855 689 3 is be VBZ 32855 689 4 first first RB 32855 689 5 extracted extract VBN 32855 689 6 and and CC 32855 689 7 then then RB 32855 689 8 rolled roll VBD 32855 689 9 into into IN 32855 689 10 a a DT 32855 689 11 ball ball NN 32855 689 12 by by IN 32855 689 13 means mean NNS 32855 689 14 of of IN 32855 689 15 the the DT 32855 689 16 beak beak NN 32855 689 17 while while IN 32855 689 18 held hold VBN 32855 689 19 with with IN 32855 689 20 the the DT 32855 689 21 feet foot NNS 32855 689 22 before before IN 32855 689 23 being be VBG 32855 689 24 transported transport VBN 32855 689 25 to to IN 32855 689 26 the the DT 32855 689 27 nest nest NN 32855 689 28 . . . 32855 690 1 _ _ NNP 32855 690 2 Length Length NNP 32855 690 3 and and CC 32855 690 4 Hours Hours NNPS 32855 690 5 of of IN 32855 690 6 Nestbuilding Nestbuilding NNP 32855 690 7 _ _ NNP 32855 690 8 As as IN 32855 690 9 indicated indicate VBN 32855 690 10 by by IN 32855 690 11 Nolan Nolan NNP 32855 690 12 ( ( -LRB- 32855 690 13 1960:230 1960:230 CD 32855 690 14 ) ) -RRB- 32855 690 15 , , , 32855 690 16 accurate accurate JJ 32855 690 17 determination determination NN 32855 690 18 of of IN 32855 690 19 the the DT 32855 690 20 length length NN 32855 690 21 of of IN 32855 690 22 nestbuilding nestbuilde VBG 32855 690 23 is be VBZ 32855 690 24 difficult difficult JJ 32855 690 25 because because IN 32855 690 26 of of IN 32855 690 27 continued continued JJ 32855 690 28 adornment adornment NN 32855 690 29 and and CC 32855 690 30 polishing polishing NN 32855 690 31 after after IN 32855 690 32 the the DT 32855 690 33 nest nest NN 32855 690 34 is be VBZ 32855 690 35 functionally functionally RB 32855 690 36 complete complete JJ 32855 690 37 . . . 32855 691 1 Most Most JJS 32855 691 2 of of IN 32855 691 3 the the DT 32855 691 4 early early JJ 32855 691 5 nests nest NNS 32855 691 6 for for IN 32855 691 7 which which WDT 32855 691 8 I -PRON- PRP 32855 691 9 have have VBP 32855 691 10 records record NNS 32855 691 11 took take VBD 32855 691 12 from from IN 32855 691 13 four four CD 32855 691 14 and and CC 32855 691 15 one one CD 32855 691 16 - - HYPH 32855 691 17 half half NN 32855 691 18 to to TO 32855 691 19 five five CD 32855 691 20 days day NNS 32855 691 21 to to TO 32855 691 22 construct construct VB 32855 691 23 . . . 32855 692 1 A a DT 32855 692 2 four four CD 32855 692 3 - - HYPH 32855 692 4 to to TO 32855 692 5 five five CD 32855 692 6 - - HYPH 32855 692 7 day day NN 32855 692 8 period period NN 32855 692 9 of of IN 32855 692 10 building building NN 32855 692 11 is be VBZ 32855 692 12 reported report VBN 32855 692 13 by by IN 32855 692 14 other other JJ 32855 692 15 observers observer NNS 32855 692 16 ( ( -LRB- 32855 692 17 Nice Nice NNP 32855 692 18 , , , 32855 692 19 1929:16 1929:16 CD 32855 692 20 ; ; : 32855 692 21 Pitelka Pitelka NNP 32855 692 22 and and CC 32855 692 23 Koestner Koestner NNP 32855 692 24 , , , 32855 692 25 1942:99 1942:99 CD 32855 692 26 ; ; : 32855 692 27 Hensley Hensley NNP 32855 692 28 , , , 32855 692 29 1950:242 1950:242 CD 32855 692 30 ; ; : 32855 692 31 Nolan Nolan NNP 32855 692 32 , , , 32855 692 33 1960:230 1960:230 CD 32855 692 34 ) ) -RRB- 32855 692 35 . . . 32855 693 1 One one CD 32855 693 2 instance instance NN 32855 693 3 of of IN 32855 693 4 protracted protract VBN 32855 693 5 building building NN 32855 693 6 was be VBD 32855 693 7 recorded record VBN 32855 693 8 . . . 32855 694 1 Nest nest NN 32855 694 2 6-d 6-d CD 32855 694 3 ( ( -LRB- 32855 694 4 1960 1960 CD 32855 694 5 ) ) -RRB- 32855 694 6 was be VBD 32855 694 7 begun begin VBN 32855 694 8 on on IN 32855 694 9 May May NNP 32855 694 10 29 29 CD 32855 694 11 , , , 32855 694 12 1960 1960 CD 32855 694 13 , , , 32855 694 14 and and CC 32855 694 15 not not RB 32855 694 16 completed complete VBN 32855 694 17 until until IN 32855 694 18 nine nine CD 32855 694 19 days day NNS 32855 694 20 later later RB 32855 694 21 on on IN 32855 694 22 June June NNP 32855 694 23 6 6 CD 32855 694 24 , , , 32855 694 25 1960 1960 CD 32855 694 26 . . . 32855 695 1 In in IN 32855 695 2 contrast contrast NN 32855 695 3 nest nest NN 32855 695 4 1-g 1-g CD 32855 695 5 ( ( -LRB- 32855 695 6 1960 1960 CD 32855 695 7 ) ) -RRB- 32855 695 8 begun begin VBN 32855 695 9 on on IN 32855 695 10 May May NNP 32855 695 11 31 31 CD 32855 695 12 , , , 32855 695 13 1960 1960 CD 32855 695 14 , , , 32855 695 15 was be VBD 32855 695 16 finished finish VBN 32855 695 17 three three CD 32855 695 18 days day NNS 32855 695 19 later later RB 32855 695 20 on on IN 32855 695 21 June June NNP 32855 695 22 2 2 CD 32855 695 23 , , , 32855 695 24 1960 1960 CD 32855 695 25 . . . 32855 696 1 Nestbuilding nestbuilde VBG 32855 696 2 occurs occur VBZ 32855 696 3 between between IN 32855 696 4 the the DT 32855 696 5 hours hour NNS 32855 696 6 of of IN 32855 696 7 6:00 6:00 CD 32855 696 8 a.m. a.m. NN 32855 696 9 and and CC 32855 696 10 5:30 5:30 CD 32855 696 11 p.m. p.m. NN 32855 697 1 Heavy heavy JJ 32855 697 2 rain rain NN 32855 697 3 in in IN 32855 697 4 the the DT 32855 697 5 early early JJ 32855 697 6 morning morning NN 32855 697 7 may may MD 32855 697 8 delay delay VB 32855 697 9 building building NN 32855 697 10 . . . 32855 698 1 _ _ NNP 32855 698 2 Abortive Abortive NNP 32855 698 3 Nestbuilding Nestbuilding NNP 32855 698 4 Efforts Efforts NNPS 32855 698 5 _ _ IN 32855 698 6 Eight eight CD 32855 698 7 of of IN 32855 698 8 38 38 CD 32855 698 9 nests nest NNS 32855 698 10 started start VBN 32855 698 11 in in IN 32855 698 12 1960 1960 CD 32855 698 13 were be VBD 32855 698 14 never never RB 32855 698 15 completed complete VBN 32855 698 16 ( ( -LRB- 32855 698 17 Table table NN 32855 698 18 6 6 CD 32855 698 19 ) ) -RRB- 32855 698 20 . . . 32855 699 1 Six six CD 32855 699 2 of of IN 32855 699 3 these these DT 32855 699 4 abortive abortive JJ 32855 699 5 attempts attempt NNS 32855 699 6 were be VBD 32855 699 7 abandoned abandon VBN 32855 699 8 during during IN 32855 699 9 , , , 32855 699 10 or or CC 32855 699 11 shortly shortly RB 32855 699 12 after after IN 32855 699 13 , , , 32855 699 14 the the DT 32855 699 15 completion completion NN 32855 699 16 of of IN 32855 699 17 the the DT 32855 699 18 suspension suspension NN 32855 699 19 apparatus apparatus NN 32855 699 20 . . . 32855 700 1 Five five CD 32855 700 2 of of IN 32855 700 3 these these DT 32855 700 4 nests nest NNS 32855 700 5 were be VBD 32855 700 6 abandoned abandon VBN 32855 700 7 because because IN 32855 700 8 the the DT 32855 700 9 female female NN 32855 700 10 did do VBD 32855 700 11 not not RB 32855 700 12 begin begin VB 32855 700 13 building build VBG 32855 700 14 following follow VBG 32855 700 15 the the DT 32855 700 16 end end NN 32855 700 17 of of IN 32855 700 18 work work NN 32855 700 19 by by IN 32855 700 20 the the DT 32855 700 21 male male NN 32855 700 22 . . . 32855 701 1 The the DT 32855 701 2 early early JJ 32855 701 3 abandonment abandonment NN 32855 701 4 of of IN 32855 701 5 the the DT 32855 701 6 other other JJ 32855 701 7 three three CD 32855 701 8 nests nest NNS 32855 701 9 1-a 1-a CD 32855 701 10 ( ( -LRB- 32855 701 11 1960 1960 CD 32855 701 12 ) ) -RRB- 32855 701 13 , , , 32855 701 14 2-c 2-c CD 32855 701 15 ( ( -LRB- 32855 701 16 1960 1960 CD 32855 701 17 ) ) -RRB- 32855 701 18 and and CC 32855 701 19 6-e 6-e CD 32855 701 20 ( ( -LRB- 32855 701 21 1960 1960 CD 32855 701 22 ) ) -RRB- 32855 701 23 was be VBD 32855 701 24 attributable attributable JJ 32855 701 25 to to IN 32855 701 26 the the DT 32855 701 27 interruption interruption NN 32855 701 28 of of IN 32855 701 29 building building NN 32855 701 30 by by IN 32855 701 31 the the DT 32855 701 32 male male NN 32855 701 33 because because IN 32855 701 34 of of IN 32855 701 35 heavy heavy JJ 32855 701 36 rain rain NN 32855 701 37 and and CC 32855 701 38 protracted protract VBN 32855 701 39 territorial territorial JJ 32855 701 40 conflicts conflict NNS 32855 701 41 . . . 32855 702 1 The the DT 32855 702 2 occurrence occurrence NN 32855 702 3 of of IN 32855 702 4 these these DT 32855 702 5 abortive abortive JJ 32855 702 6 nests nest NNS 32855 702 7 at at IN 32855 702 8 any any DT 32855 702 9 time time NN 32855 702 10 within within IN 32855 702 11 the the DT 32855 702 12 nesting nest VBG 32855 702 13 efforts effort NNS 32855 702 14 of of IN 32855 702 15 a a DT 32855 702 16 single single JJ 32855 702 17 pair pair NN 32855 702 18 indicates indicate VBZ 32855 702 19 that that IN 32855 702 20 such such JJ 32855 702 21 attempts attempt NNS 32855 702 22 are be VBP 32855 702 23 not not RB 32855 702 24 examples example NNS 32855 702 25 of of IN 32855 702 26 " " `` 32855 702 27 false false JJ 32855 702 28 nestbuilding nestbuilding NN 32855 702 29 . . . 32855 702 30 " " '' 32855 703 1 _ _ NNP 32855 703 2 Renesting Renesting NNP 32855 703 3 _ _ NNP 32855 703 4 Renesting Renesting NNP 32855 703 5 after after IN 32855 703 6 desertion desertion NN 32855 703 7 or or CC 32855 703 8 successful successful JJ 32855 703 9 fledging fledging NN 32855 703 10 occurs occur NNS 32855 703 11 within within IN 32855 703 12 two two CD 32855 703 13 to to TO 32855 703 14 thirty thirty CD 32855 703 15 - - HYPH 32855 703 16 six six CD 32855 703 17 hours hour NNS 32855 703 18 . . . 32855 704 1 Young Young NNP 32855 704 2 were be VBD 32855 704 3 fledged fledge VBN 32855 704 4 from from IN 32855 704 5 1-a 1-a CD 32855 704 6 ( ( -LRB- 32855 704 7 1959 1959 CD 32855 704 8 ) ) -RRB- 32855 704 9 on on IN 32855 704 10 June June NNP 32855 704 11 19 19 CD 32855 704 12 , , , 32855 704 13 1959 1959 CD 32855 704 14 , , , 32855 704 15 and and CC 32855 704 16 nest nest NN 32855 704 17 1-b 1-b CD 32855 704 18 ( ( -LRB- 32855 704 19 1959 1959 CD 32855 704 20 ) ) -RRB- 32855 704 21 was be VBD 32855 704 22 discovered discover VBN 32855 704 23 when when WRB 32855 704 24 late late RB 32855 704 25 in in IN 32855 704 26 the the DT 32855 704 27 second second JJ 32855 704 28 phase phase NN 32855 704 29 of of IN 32855 704 30 construction construction NN 32855 704 31 on on IN 32855 704 32 June June NNP 32855 704 33 22 22 CD 32855 704 34 . . . 32855 705 1 If if IN 32855 705 2 the the DT 32855 705 3 nest nest NN 32855 705 4 was be VBD 32855 705 5 started start VBN 32855 705 6 on on IN 32855 705 7 June June NNP 32855 705 8 20 20 CD 32855 705 9 , , , 32855 705 10 then then RB 32855 705 11 renesting reneste VBG 32855 705 12 took take VBD 32855 705 13 place place NN 32855 705 14 within within IN 32855 705 15 15 15 CD 32855 705 16 hours hour NNS 32855 705 17 after after IN 32855 705 18 fledging fledge VBG 32855 705 19 . . . 32855 706 1 _ _ NNP 32855 706 2 The the DT 32855 706 3 Nest Nest NNP 32855 706 4 _ _ NNP 32855 706 5 Several several JJ 32855 706 6 authors author NNS 32855 706 7 have have VBP 32855 706 8 described describe VBN 32855 706 9 various various JJ 32855 706 10 aspects aspect NNS 32855 706 11 of of IN 32855 706 12 the the DT 32855 706 13 nest nest NN 32855 706 14 of of IN 32855 706 15 the the DT 32855 706 16 Bell Bell NNP 32855 706 17 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 706 18 , , , 32855 706 19 notably notably RB 32855 706 20 Goss Goss NNP 32855 706 21 ( ( -LRB- 32855 706 22 1891:535 1891:535 CD 32855 706 23 ) ) -RRB- 32855 706 24 ; ; : 32855 706 25 Simmons Simmons NNP 32855 706 26 ( ( -LRB- 32855 706 27 _ _ NNP 32855 706 28 in in IN 32855 706 29 _ _ NNP 32855 706 30 Bent Bent NNP 32855 706 31 , , , 32855 706 32 1950:256 1950:256 CD 32855 706 33 ) ) -RRB- 32855 706 34 , , , 32855 706 35 Nice Nice NNP 32855 706 36 ( ( -LRB- 32855 706 37 1929:13 1929:13 CD 32855 706 38 ) ) -RRB- 32855 706 39 and and CC 32855 706 40 Nolan Nolan NNP 32855 706 41 ( ( -LRB- 32855 706 42 1960:230 1960:230 CD 32855 706 43 - - SYM 32855 706 44 231 231 CD 32855 706 45 ) ) -RRB- 32855 706 46 . . . 32855 707 1 I -PRON- PRP 32855 707 2 can can MD 32855 707 3 add add VB 32855 707 4 but but CC 32855 707 5 little little JJ 32855 707 6 to to IN 32855 707 7 these these DT 32855 707 8 descriptions description NNS 32855 707 9 . . . 32855 708 1 The the DT 32855 708 2 nest nest NN 32855 708 3 itself -PRON- PRP 32855 708 4 is be VBZ 32855 708 5 a a DT 32855 708 6 compact compact JJ 32855 708 7 structure structure NN 32855 708 8 composed compose VBN 32855 708 9 of of IN 32855 708 10 strips strip NNS 32855 708 11 of of IN 32855 708 12 bark bark NN 32855 708 13 and and CC 32855 708 14 strands strand NNS 32855 708 15 of of IN 32855 708 16 grasses grass NNS 32855 708 17 that that WDT 32855 708 18 are be VBP 32855 708 19 interwoven interwoven JJ 32855 708 20 and and CC 32855 708 21 tightly tightly RB 32855 708 22 bound bind VBN 32855 708 23 with with IN 32855 708 24 animal animal NN 32855 708 25 silk silk NN 32855 708 26 . . . 32855 709 1 The the DT 32855 709 2 floor floor NN 32855 709 3 of of IN 32855 709 4 the the DT 32855 709 5 cup cup NN 32855 709 6 is be VBZ 32855 709 7 first first RB 32855 709 8 lined line VBN 32855 709 9 with with IN 32855 709 10 a a DT 32855 709 11 layer layer NN 32855 709 12 of of IN 32855 709 13 small small JJ 32855 709 14 leaves leave NNS 32855 709 15 and and CC 32855 709 16 then then RB 32855 709 17 the the DT 32855 709 18 entire entire JJ 32855 709 19 interior interior NN 32855 709 20 is be VBZ 32855 709 21 lined line VBN 32855 709 22 with with IN 32855 709 23 fine fine JJ 32855 709 24 stems stem NNS 32855 709 25 or or CC 32855 709 26 strips strip NNS 32855 709 27 of of IN 32855 709 28 bark bark NN 32855 709 29 . . . 32855 710 1 Feathers feather NNS 32855 710 2 are be VBP 32855 710 3 occasionally occasionally RB 32855 710 4 used use VBN 32855 710 5 to to TO 32855 710 6 pad pad VB 32855 710 7 the the DT 32855 710 8 bottom bottom NN 32855 710 9 prior prior RB 32855 710 10 to to IN 32855 710 11 lining lining NN 32855 710 12 , , , 32855 710 13 as as IN 32855 710 14 are be VBP 32855 710 15 pieces piece NNS 32855 710 16 of of IN 32855 710 17 wool wool NN 32855 710 18 and and CC 32855 710 19 milkweed milkweed VB 32855 710 20 down down RP 32855 710 21 . . . 32855 711 1 Nest nest NN 32855 711 2 2-e 2-e CD 32855 711 3 ( ( -LRB- 32855 711 4 1960 1960 CD 32855 711 5 ) ) -RRB- 32855 711 6 had have VBD 32855 711 7 been be VBN 32855 711 8 packed pack VBN 32855 711 9 with with IN 32855 711 10 small small JJ 32855 711 11 pieces piece NNS 32855 711 12 of of IN 32855 711 13 soil soil NN 32855 711 14 bearing bearing NN 32855 711 15 moss moss NNP 32855 711 16 prior prior RB 32855 711 17 to to IN 32855 711 18 lining lining NN 32855 711 19 . . . 32855 712 1 TABLE TABLE NNP 32855 712 2 6 6 CD 32855 712 3 . . . 32855 713 1 ABORTIVE ABORTIVE NNP 32855 713 2 NESTING NESTING NNP 32855 713 3 ATTEMPTS attempt NNS 32855 713 4 IN in IN 32855 713 5 MAY MAY NNP 32855 713 6 AND and CC 32855 713 7 JUNE JUNE NNP 32855 713 8 OF of IN 32855 713 9 1960 1960 CD 32855 713 10 . . . 32855 714 1 = = NFP 32855 714 2 = = NFP 32855 714 3 = = SYM 32855 714 4 = = SYM 32855 714 5 = = SYM 32855 714 6 = = SYM 32855 714 7 = = SYM 32855 714 8 = = SYM 32855 714 9 = = SYM 32855 714 10 = = SYM 32855 714 11 = = SYM 32855 714 12 = = SYM 32855 714 13 = = SYM 32855 714 14 = = SYM 32855 714 15 = = SYM 32855 714 16 = = SYM 32855 714 17 = = SYM 32855 714 18 = = SYM 32855 714 19 = = SYM 32855 714 20 = = SYM 32855 714 21 = = SYM 32855 714 22 = = SYM 32855 714 23 = = SYM 32855 714 24 = = SYM 32855 714 25 = = SYM 32855 714 26 = = SYM 32855 714 27 = = SYM 32855 714 28 = = SYM 32855 714 29 = = SYM 32855 714 30 = = SYM 32855 714 31 = = SYM 32855 714 32 = = SYM 32855 714 33 = = SYM 32855 714 34 = = SYM 32855 714 35 = = SYM 32855 714 36 = = SYM 32855 714 37 = = SYM 32855 714 38 = = SYM 32855 714 39 = = SYM 32855 714 40 = = SYM 32855 714 41 = = SYM 32855 714 42 = = SYM 32855 714 43 = = SYM 32855 714 44 = = SYM 32855 714 45 = = SYM 32855 714 46 = = SYM 32855 714 47 = = SYM 32855 714 48 = = SYM 32855 714 49 = = NFP 32855 714 50 = = SYM 32855 714 51 Nest Nest NNP 32855 714 52 | | NNP 32855 714 53 Length length NN 32855 714 54 | | NNP 32855 714 55 Cause Cause NNP 32855 714 56 of of IN 32855 714 57 abandonment abandonment NN 32855 714 58 | | CD 32855 714 59 of of IN 32855 714 60 time time NN 32855 714 61 | | CD 32855 714 62 | | CD 32855 714 63 worked work VBD 32855 714 64 on on IN 32855 714 65 | | CD 32855 714 66 -----+-----------+-------------------------------- -----+-----------+-------------------------------- CD 32855 714 67 1-a 1-a CD 32855 714 68 | | CD 32855 714 69 1 1 CD 32855 714 70 day day NN 32855 714 71 | | CD 32855 714 72 Heavy heavy JJ 32855 714 73 rain rain NN 32855 714 74 1-h 1-h CD 32855 714 75 | | CD 32855 714 76 2 2 CD 32855 714 77 days day NNS 32855 714 78 | | NNP 32855 714 79 Female Female NNP 32855 714 80 failed fail VBD 32855 714 81 to to TO 32855 714 82 build build VB 32855 714 83 2-a 2-a CD 32855 714 84 | | CD 32855 714 85 1/2 1/2 CD 32855 714 86 day day NN 32855 714 87 | | NNP 32855 714 88 Female Female NNP 32855 714 89 failed fail VBD 32855 714 90 to to TO 32855 714 91 build build VB 32855 714 92 2-c 2-c CD 32855 714 93 | | CD 32855 714 94 1 1 CD 32855 714 95 day day NN 32855 714 96 | | JJ 32855 714 97 Protracted protract VBN 32855 714 98 territorial territorial JJ 32855 714 99 dispute dispute NN 32855 714 100 4-a 4-a CD 32855 714 101 | | CD 32855 714 102 1 1 CD 32855 714 103 day day NN 32855 714 104 | | NNP 32855 714 105 Female Female NNP 32855 714 106 failed fail VBD 32855 714 107 to to TO 32855 714 108 build build VB 32855 714 109 5-a 5-a CD 32855 714 110 | | CD 32855 714 111 1 1 CD 32855 714 112 day day NN 32855 714 113 | | NNP 32855 714 114 Female Female NNP 32855 714 115 failed fail VBD 32855 714 116 to to TO 32855 714 117 build build VB 32855 714 118 6-c 6-c CD 32855 714 119 | | CD 32855 714 120 1 1 CD 32855 714 121 day day NN 32855 714 122 | | CD 32855 714 123 Heavy heavy JJ 32855 714 124 rain rain NN 32855 714 125 7-a 7-a CD 32855 714 126 | | CD 32855 714 127 2 2 CD 32855 714 128 days day NNS 32855 714 129 | | NNP 32855 714 130 Female Female NNP 32855 714 131 failed fail VBD 32855 714 132 to to TO 32855 714 133 build build VB 32855 714 134 -----+-----------+-------------------------------- -----+-----------+-------------------------------- : 32855 714 135 Early early JJ 32855 714 136 nests nest NNS 32855 714 137 tend tend VBP 32855 714 138 to to TO 32855 714 139 be be VB 32855 714 140 bulkier bulky JJR 32855 714 141 , , , 32855 714 142 having have VBG 32855 714 143 thicker thick JJR 32855 714 144 walls wall NNS 32855 714 145 and and CC 32855 714 146 bottoms bottom NNS 32855 714 147 than than IN 32855 714 148 later later JJ 32855 714 149 efforts effort NNS 32855 714 150 . . . 32855 715 1 However however RB 32855 715 2 , , , 32855 715 3 nests nest NNS 32855 715 4 in in IN 32855 715 5 May May NNP 32855 715 6 were be VBD 32855 715 7 found find VBN 32855 715 8 to to TO 32855 715 9 have have VB 32855 715 10 16 16 CD 32855 715 11 per per IN 32855 715 12 cent cent NN 32855 715 13 thicker thick JJR 32855 715 14 bottoms bottom NNS 32855 715 15 and and CC 32855 715 16 41 41 CD 32855 715 17 per per IN 32855 715 18 cent cent NN 32855 715 19 thicker thick JJR 32855 715 20 walls wall NNS 32855 715 21 than than IN 32855 715 22 nests nest NNS 32855 715 23 in in IN 32855 715 24 June June NNP 32855 715 25 ( ( -LRB- 32855 715 26 Table Table NNP 32855 715 27 7 7 CD 32855 715 28 ) ) -RRB- 32855 715 29 . . . 32855 716 1 Standard standard JJ 32855 716 2 nest nest NN 32855 716 3 measurements measurement NNS 32855 716 4 do do VBP 32855 716 5 not not RB 32855 716 6 show show VB 32855 716 7 this this DT 32855 716 8 to to TO 32855 716 9 be be VB 32855 716 10 so so RB 32855 716 11 , , , 32855 716 12 for for IN 32855 716 13 the the DT 32855 716 14 exterior exterior JJ 32855 716 15 and and CC 32855 716 16 interior interior JJ 32855 716 17 diameters diameter NNS 32855 716 18 at at IN 32855 716 19 the the DT 32855 716 20 rim rim NN 32855 716 21 are be VBP 32855 716 22 governed govern VBN 32855 716 23 by by IN 32855 716 24 the the DT 32855 716 25 angle angle NN 32855 716 26 between between IN 32855 716 27 the the DT 32855 716 28 two two CD 32855 716 29 branches branch NNS 32855 716 30 of of IN 32855 716 31 the the DT 32855 716 32 fork fork NN 32855 716 33 . . . 32855 717 1 TABLE TABLE NNP 32855 717 2 7 7 CD 32855 717 3 . . . 32855 718 1 DIMENSIONS DIMENSIONS NNP 32855 718 2 OF of IN 32855 718 3 NESTS NESTS NNP 32855 718 4 IN in IN 32855 718 5 MAY MAY NNP 32855 718 6 ( ( -LRB- 32855 718 7 1960 1960 CD 32855 718 8 ) ) -RRB- 32855 718 9 AND and CC 32855 718 10 JUNE JUNE NNP 32855 718 11 ( ( -LRB- 32855 718 12 1960 1960 CD 32855 718 13 ) ) -RRB- 32855 718 14 . . . 32855 719 1 = = NFP 32855 719 2 = = NFP 32855 719 3 = = SYM 32855 719 4 = = SYM 32855 719 5 = = SYM 32855 719 6 = = SYM 32855 719 7 = = SYM 32855 719 8 = = SYM 32855 719 9 = = SYM 32855 719 10 = = SYM 32855 719 11 = = SYM 32855 719 12 = = SYM 32855 719 13 = = SYM 32855 719 14 = = SYM 32855 719 15 = = SYM 32855 719 16 = = SYM 32855 719 17 = = SYM 32855 719 18 = = SYM 32855 719 19 = = SYM 32855 719 20 = = SYM 32855 719 21 = = SYM 32855 719 22 = = SYM 32855 719 23 = = SYM 32855 719 24 = = SYM 32855 719 25 = = SYM 32855 719 26 = = SYM 32855 719 27 = = SYM 32855 719 28 = = SYM 32855 719 29 = = SYM 32855 719 30 = = SYM 32855 719 31 = = SYM 32855 719 32 = = SYM 32855 719 33 = = SYM 32855 719 34 = = SYM 32855 719 35 = = SYM 32855 719 36 = = SYM 32855 719 37 = = SYM 32855 719 38 = = SYM 32855 719 39 = = SYM 32855 719 40 = = SYM 32855 719 41 = = SYM 32855 719 42 = = SYM 32855 719 43 = = SYM 32855 719 44 = = SYM 32855 719 45 = = SYM 32855 719 46 = = SYM 32855 719 47 = = SYM 32855 719 48 = = SYM 32855 719 49 = = SYM 32855 719 50 = = SYM 32855 719 51 = = SYM 32855 719 52 = = SYM 32855 719 53 = = SYM 32855 719 54 = = SYM 32855 719 55 = = NFP 32855 719 56 = = SYM 32855 719 57 Measurements measurement NNS 32855 719 58 | | NNP 32855 719 59 May May NNP 32855 719 60 ( ( -LRB- 32855 719 61 N N NNP 32855 719 62 10 10 CD 32855 719 63 ) ) -RRB- 32855 719 64 | | NNP 32855 719 65 June June NNP 32855 719 66 ( ( -LRB- 32855 719 67 N n CD 32855 719 68 8) 8) CD 32855 719 69 ------------------------+---------------+--------------- ------------------------+---------------+--------------- NFP 32855 719 70 External external JJ 32855 719 71 depth depth NN 32855 719 72 | | CD 32855 719 73 61.6 61.6 CD 32855 719 74 mm mm NNS 32855 719 75 . . . 32855 720 1 | | NNP 32855 720 2 59.3 59.3 CD 32855 720 3 mm mm NNP 32855 720 4 . . . 32855 721 1 Depth depth NN 32855 721 2 of of IN 32855 721 3 cup cup NNP 32855 721 4 | | CD 32855 721 5 45.5 45.5 CD 32855 721 6 mm mm NNS 32855 721 7 . . . 32855 722 1 | | NNP 32855 722 2 46.3 46.3 CD 32855 722 3 mm mm NNS 32855 722 4 . . . 32855 723 1 Outside outside JJ 32855 723 2 diameter diameter NN 32855 723 3 | | NNP 32855 723 4 57.3/55.5 57.3/55.5 NNP 32855 723 5 mm mm NN 32855 723 6 . . . 32855 724 1 | | NNP 32855 724 2 54.3/53.5 54.3/53.5 NNP 32855 724 3 mm mm NNP 32855 724 4 . . . 32855 725 1 Inside inside IN 32855 725 2 diameter diameter NN 32855 725 3 | | CD 32855 725 4 43.4/42.2 43.4/42.2 CD 32855 725 5 mm mm NNS 32855 725 6 . . . 32855 726 1 | | NNP 32855 726 2 45.5/43.9 45.5/43.9 CD 32855 726 3 mm mm NNS 32855 726 4 . . . 32855 727 1 Thickness thickness NN 32855 727 2 of of IN 32855 727 3 forward forward RB 32855 727 4 | | CD 32855 727 5 | | CD 32855 727 6 wall wall NN 32855 727 7 1 1 CD 32855 727 8 inch inch NN 32855 727 9 below below IN 32855 727 10 rim rim NN 32855 727 11 | | NNP 32855 727 12 13.8 13.8 CD 32855 727 13 mm mm NNS 32855 727 14 . . . 32855 728 1 | | NNP 32855 728 2 7.6 7.6 CD 32855 728 3 mm mm CD 32855 728 4 . . . 32855 729 1 Thickness thickness NN 32855 729 2 of of IN 32855 729 3 bottom bottom JJ 32855 729 4 | | CD 32855 729 5 11.3 11.3 CD 32855 729 6 mm mm NN 32855 729 7 . . . 32855 730 1 | | NNP 32855 730 2 4.6 4.6 CD 32855 730 3 mm mm NNS 32855 730 4 . . . 32855 731 1 ------------------------+---------------+--------------- ------------------------+---------------+--------------- NFP 32855 731 2 EGGLAYING EGGLAYING NNP 32855 731 3 AND and CC 32855 731 4 INCUBATION INCUBATION NNP 32855 731 5 _ _ NNP 32855 731 6 Egglaying Egglaying NNP 32855 731 7 _ _ NNP 32855 731 8 Egglaying Egglaying NNP 32855 731 9 begins begin VBZ 32855 731 10 the the DT 32855 731 11 first first JJ 32855 731 12 or or CC 32855 731 13 second second JJ 32855 731 14 day day NN 32855 731 15 after after IN 32855 731 16 completion completion NN 32855 731 17 of of IN 32855 731 18 the the DT 32855 731 19 nest nest NN 32855 731 20 . . . 32855 732 1 The the DT 32855 732 2 female female JJ 32855 732 3 sits sit VBZ 32855 732 4 in in IN 32855 732 5 the the DT 32855 732 6 nest nest NN 32855 732 7 occasionally occasionally RB 32855 732 8 for for IN 32855 732 9 periods period NNS 32855 732 10 of of IN 32855 732 11 five five CD 32855 732 12 to to TO 32855 732 13 twenty twenty CD 32855 732 14 - - HYPH 32855 732 15 five five CD 32855 732 16 minutes minute NNS 32855 732 17 on on IN 32855 732 18 the the DT 32855 732 19 day day NN 32855 732 20 the the DT 32855 732 21 nest nest NN 32855 732 22 is be VBZ 32855 732 23 completed complete VBN 32855 732 24 . . . 32855 733 1 This this DT 32855 733 2 is be VBZ 32855 733 3 interrupted interrupt VBN 32855 733 4 by by IN 32855 733 5 periods period NNS 32855 733 6 of of IN 32855 733 7 nest nest NN 32855 733 8 - - HYPH 32855 733 9 adornment adornment NN 32855 733 10 and and CC 32855 733 11 foraging forage VBG 32855 733 12 ; ; : 32855 733 13 such such JJ 32855 733 14 activities activity NNS 32855 733 15 sometimes sometimes RB 32855 733 16 keep keep VBP 32855 733 17 the the DT 32855 733 18 female female NN 32855 733 19 off off IN 32855 733 20 the the DT 32855 733 21 nest nest NN 32855 733 22 for for IN 32855 733 23 several several JJ 32855 733 24 hours hour NNS 32855 733 25 . . . 32855 734 1 Prior prior RB 32855 734 2 to to IN 32855 734 3 the the DT 32855 734 4 laying laying NN 32855 734 5 of of IN 32855 734 6 the the DT 32855 734 7 first first JJ 32855 734 8 egg egg NN 32855 734 9 , , , 32855 734 10 only only RB 32855 734 11 the the DT 32855 734 12 female female NN 32855 734 13 is be VBZ 32855 734 14 seen see VBN 32855 734 15 on on IN 32855 734 16 the the DT 32855 734 17 nest nest NN 32855 734 18 , , , 32855 734 19 although although IN 32855 734 20 the the DT 32855 734 21 male male NN 32855 734 22 is be VBZ 32855 734 23 often often RB 32855 734 24 seen see VBN 32855 734 25 sitting sit VBG 32855 734 26 quietly quietly RB 32855 734 27 within within IN 32855 734 28 the the DT 32855 734 29 nest nest NN 32855 734 30 tree tree NN 32855 734 31 a a DT 32855 734 32 few few JJ 32855 734 33 feet foot NNS 32855 734 34 from from IN 32855 734 35 the the DT 32855 734 36 female female NN 32855 734 37 . . . 32855 735 1 The the DT 32855 735 2 infrequency infrequency NN 32855 735 3 of of IN 32855 735 4 the the DT 32855 735 5 " " `` 32855 735 6 congested congested JJ 32855 735 7 " " '' 32855 735 8 song song NN 32855 735 9 and and CC 32855 735 10 the the DT 32855 735 11 alarm alarm NN 32855 735 12 ( ( -LRB- 32855 735 13 _ _ NNP 32855 735 14 eh eh UH 32855 735 15 - - HYPH 32855 735 16 eH eH NNP 32855 735 17 - - HYPH 32855 735 18 EH EH NNP 32855 735 19 _ _ NNP 32855 735 20 ) ) -RRB- 32855 735 21 after after IN 32855 735 22 the the DT 32855 735 23 inception inception NN 32855 735 24 of of IN 32855 735 25 " " `` 32855 735 26 broodiness broodiness JJ 32855 735 27 " " '' 32855 735 28 indicates indicate VBZ 32855 735 29 the the DT 32855 735 30 waning waning NN 32855 735 31 of of IN 32855 735 32 courtship courtship NN 32855 735 33 behavior behavior NN 32855 735 34 . . . 32855 736 1 As as IN 32855 736 2 later later RB 32855 736 3 in in IN 32855 736 4 incubation incubation NN 32855 736 5 only only RB 32855 736 6 the the DT 32855 736 7 " " `` 32855 736 8 normal normal JJ 32855 736 9 " " '' 32855 736 10 song song NN 32855 736 11 and and CC 32855 736 12 the the DT 32855 736 13 scold scold NN 32855 736 14 are be VBP 32855 736 15 heard hear VBN 32855 736 16 . . . 32855 737 1 Eggs egg NNS 32855 737 2 are be VBP 32855 737 3 laid lay VBN 32855 737 4 early early RB 32855 737 5 in in IN 32855 737 6 the the DT 32855 737 7 morning morning NN 32855 737 8 prior prior RB 32855 737 9 to to IN 32855 737 10 5:30 5:30 CD 32855 737 11 a. a. NN 32855 737 12 m. m. NN 32855 737 13 according accord VBG 32855 737 14 to to IN 32855 737 15 Nolan Nolan NNP 32855 737 16 ( ( -LRB- 32855 737 17 1960:232 1960:232 CD 32855 737 18 ) ) -RRB- 32855 737 19 . . . 32855 738 1 The the DT 32855 738 2 nest nest NN 32855 738 3 is be VBZ 32855 738 4 usually usually RB 32855 738 5 left leave VBN 32855 738 6 unoccupied unoccupied JJ 32855 738 7 for for IN 32855 738 8 considerable considerable JJ 32855 738 9 periods period NNS 32855 738 10 after after IN 32855 738 11 the the DT 32855 738 12 first first JJ 32855 738 13 egg egg NN 32855 738 14 is be VBZ 32855 738 15 laid lay VBN 32855 738 16 , , , 32855 738 17 but but CC 32855 738 18 , , , 32855 738 19 on on IN 32855 738 20 the the DT 32855 738 21 first first JJ 32855 738 22 day day NN 32855 738 23 of of IN 32855 738 24 laying laying NN 32855 738 25 , , , 32855 738 26 both both DT 32855 738 27 sexes sex NNS 32855 738 28 have have VBP 32855 738 29 been be VBN 32855 738 30 observed observe VBN 32855 738 31 sitting sit VBG 32855 738 32 for for IN 32855 738 33 brief brief JJ 32855 738 34 periods period NNS 32855 738 35 averaging average VBG 32855 738 36 ten ten CD 32855 738 37 minutes minute NNS 32855 738 38 in in IN 32855 738 39 length length NN 32855 738 40 . . . 32855 739 1 Eggs egg NNS 32855 739 2 are be VBP 32855 739 3 laid lay VBN 32855 739 4 at at IN 32855 739 5 one one CD 32855 739 6 - - HYPH 32855 739 7 day day NN 32855 739 8 intervals interval NNS 32855 739 9 until until IN 32855 739 10 completion completion NN 32855 739 11 of of IN 32855 739 12 the the DT 32855 739 13 clutch clutch NN 32855 739 14 . . . 32855 740 1 I -PRON- PRP 32855 740 2 found find VBD 32855 740 3 incubation incubation NN 32855 740 4 to to TO 32855 740 5 begin begin VB 32855 740 6 with with IN 32855 740 7 the the DT 32855 740 8 second second JJ 32855 740 9 egg egg NN 32855 740 10 . . . 32855 741 1 _ _ NNP 32855 741 2 Clutch Clutch NNP 32855 741 3 - - HYPH 32855 741 4 size size NN 32855 741 5 _ _ NNP 32855 741 6 The the DT 32855 741 7 average average JJ 32855 741 8 clutch clutch NN 32855 741 9 - - HYPH 32855 741 10 size size NN 32855 741 11 of of IN 32855 741 12 the the DT 32855 741 13 Bell Bell NNP 32855 741 14 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 741 15 in in IN 32855 741 16 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 741 17 , , , 32855 741 18 based base VBN 32855 741 19 on on IN 32855 741 20 thirty thirty CD 32855 741 21 - - HYPH 32855 741 22 three three CD 32855 741 23 records record NNS 32855 741 24 , , , 32855 741 25 is be VBZ 32855 741 26 3.39 3.39 CD 32855 741 27 eggs egg NNS 32855 741 28 ( ( -LRB- 32855 741 29 Table table NN 32855 741 30 8) 8) CD 32855 741 31 . . . 32855 742 1 Seasonally seasonally RB 32855 742 2 , , , 32855 742 3 the the DT 32855 742 4 largest large JJS 32855 742 5 average average JJ 32855 742 6 clutches clutch NNS 32855 742 7 are be VBP 32855 742 8 produced produce VBN 32855 742 9 in in IN 32855 742 10 the the DT 32855 742 11 middle middle NN 32855 742 12 of of IN 32855 742 13 the the DT 32855 742 14 breeding breeding NN 32855 742 15 season season NN 32855 742 16 , , , 32855 742 17 that that RB 32855 742 18 is is RB 32855 742 19 , , , 32855 742 20 in in IN 32855 742 21 June June NNP 32855 742 22 . . . 32855 743 1 Lack lack NN 32855 743 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 743 3 1947:308 1947:308 CD 32855 743 4 - - SYM 32855 743 5 309 309 CD 32855 743 6 ) ) -RRB- 32855 743 7 indicates indicate VBZ 32855 743 8 that that IN 32855 743 9 in in IN 32855 743 10 European european JJ 32855 743 11 passerines passerine NNS 32855 743 12 the the DT 32855 743 13 highest high JJS 32855 743 14 seasonal seasonal JJ 32855 743 15 average average JJ 32855 743 16 clutch clutch NN 32855 743 17 - - HYPH 32855 743 18 sizes size NNS 32855 743 19 likewise likewise RB 32855 743 20 occur occur VBP 32855 743 21 in in IN 32855 743 22 June June NNP 32855 743 23 . . . 32855 744 1 The the DT 32855 744 2 largest large JJS 32855 744 3 average average JJ 32855 744 4 clutch clutch NN 32855 744 5 - - HYPH 32855 744 6 size size NN 32855 744 7 in in IN 32855 744 8 the the DT 32855 744 9 Bell Bell NNP 32855 744 10 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 744 11 is be VBZ 32855 744 12 presumably presumably RB 32855 744 13 related related JJ 32855 744 14 to to IN 32855 744 15 some some DT 32855 744 16 aspect aspect NN 32855 744 17 of of IN 32855 744 18 the the DT 32855 744 19 availability availability NN 32855 744 20 of of IN 32855 744 21 food food NN 32855 744 22 . . . 32855 745 1 TABLE TABLE NNP 32855 745 2 8 8 CD 32855 745 3 . . . 32855 746 1 AVERAGE average JJ 32855 746 2 NUMBERS number NNS 32855 746 3 OF of IN 32855 746 4 EGGS EGGS NNP 32855 746 5 PER per IN 32855 746 6 NEST NEST NNP 32855 746 7 ( ( -LRB- 32855 746 8 NUMBER number NN 32855 746 9 OF of IN 32855 746 10 RECORDS RECORDS NNP 32855 746 11 IN in IN 32855 746 12 PARENTHESES)[F parentheses)[f NN 32855 746 13 ] ] -RRB- 32855 746 14 . . . 32855 747 1 = = NFP 32855 747 2 = = NFP 32855 747 3 = = SYM 32855 747 4 = = SYM 32855 747 5 = = SYM 32855 747 6 = = SYM 32855 747 7 = = SYM 32855 747 8 = = SYM 32855 747 9 = = SYM 32855 747 10 = = SYM 32855 747 11 = = SYM 32855 747 12 = = SYM 32855 747 13 = = SYM 32855 747 14 = = SYM 32855 747 15 = = SYM 32855 747 16 = = SYM 32855 747 17 = = SYM 32855 747 18 = = SYM 32855 747 19 = = SYM 32855 747 20 = = SYM 32855 747 21 = = SYM 32855 747 22 = = SYM 32855 747 23 = = SYM 32855 747 24 = = SYM 32855 747 25 = = SYM 32855 747 26 = = SYM 32855 747 27 = = SYM 32855 747 28 = = SYM 32855 747 29 = = SYM 32855 747 30 = = SYM 32855 747 31 = = SYM 32855 747 32 = = SYM 32855 747 33 = = SYM 32855 747 34 = = SYM 32855 747 35 = = SYM 32855 747 36 = = SYM 32855 747 37 = = SYM 32855 747 38 = = SYM 32855 747 39 = = SYM 32855 747 40 = = SYM 32855 747 41 = = SYM 32855 747 42 = = SYM 32855 747 43 = = SYM 32855 747 44 = = SYM 32855 747 45 = = SYM 32855 747 46 = = SYM 32855 747 47 = = SYM 32855 747 48 = = SYM 32855 747 49 = = SYM 32855 747 50 = = SYM 32855 747 51 = = SYM 32855 747 52 = = SYM 32855 747 53 = = SYM 32855 747 54 = = SYM 32855 747 55 = = SYM 32855 747 56 = = SYM 32855 747 57 | | NNP 32855 747 58 | | CD 32855 747 59 | | CD 32855 747 60 | | CD 32855 747 61 Mean Mean NNP 32855 747 62 Year Year NNP 32855 747 63 | | NNP 32855 747 64 May May NNP 32855 747 65 | | NNP 32855 747 66 June June NNP 32855 747 67 | | NNP 32855 747 68 July July NNP 32855 747 69 | | CD 32855 747 70 annual annual JJ 32855 747 71 | | CD 32855 747 72 | | CD 32855 747 73 | | CD 32855 747 74 | | CD 32855 747 75 clutch clutch NN 32855 747 76 - - HYPH 32855 747 77 size size NN 32855 747 78 ----------+---------+----------+---------+-------------- ----------+---------+----------+---------+-------------- NNP 32855 747 79 1959 1959 CD 32855 747 80 | | CD 32855 747 81 3.0 3.0 CD 32855 747 82 ( ( -LRB- 32855 747 83 7 7 CD 32855 747 84 ) ) -RRB- 32855 747 85 | | CD 32855 747 86 3.2 3.2 CD 32855 747 87 ( ( -LRB- 32855 747 88 12 12 CD 32855 747 89 ) ) -RRB- 32855 747 90 | | CD 32855 747 91 3.0 3.0 CD 32855 747 92 ( ( -LRB- 32855 747 93 1 1 CD 32855 747 94 ) ) -RRB- 32855 747 95 | | CD 32855 747 96 3.06 3.06 CD 32855 747 97 1960 1960 CD 32855 747 98 | | CD 32855 747 99 3.3 3.3 CD 32855 747 100 ( ( -LRB- 32855 747 101 6 6 CD 32855 747 102 ) ) -RRB- 32855 747 103 | | CD 32855 747 104 3.83 3.83 CD 32855 747 105 ( ( -LRB- 32855 747 106 5 5 CD 32855 747 107 ) ) -RRB- 32855 747 108 | | NNP 32855 747 109 4.0 4.0 CD 32855 747 110 ( ( -LRB- 32855 747 111 2 2 CD 32855 747 112 ) ) -RRB- 32855 747 113 | | CD 32855 747 114 3.72 3.72 CD 32855 747 115 ----------+---------+----------+---------+-------------- ----------+---------+----------+---------+-------------- CD 32855 747 116 1959 1959 CD 32855 747 117 - - SYM 32855 747 118 1960 1960 CD 32855 747 119 | | CD 32855 747 120 3.17 3.17 CD 32855 747 121 | | CD 32855 747 122 3.52 3.52 CD 32855 747 123 | | CD 32855 747 124 3.5 3.5 CD 32855 747 125 | | CD 32855 747 126 3.39 3.39 CD 32855 747 127 ----------+---------+----------+---------+-------------- ----------+---------+----------+---------+-------------- NFP 32855 747 128 [ [ -LRB- 32855 747 129 F f NN 32855 747 130 ] ] -RRB- 32855 747 131 These these DT 32855 747 132 data datum NNS 32855 747 133 have have VBP 32855 747 134 been be VBN 32855 747 135 supplemented supplement VBN 32855 747 136 from from IN 32855 747 137 the the DT 32855 747 138 literature literature NN 32855 747 139 pertinent pertinent NN 32855 747 140 to to IN 32855 747 141 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 747 142 . . . 32855 748 1 Caution caution NN 32855 748 2 is be VBZ 32855 748 3 necessary necessary JJ 32855 748 4 in in IN 32855 748 5 determining determine VBG 32855 748 6 mean mean JJ 32855 748 7 clutch clutch NN 32855 748 8 - - HYPH 32855 748 9 size size NN 32855 748 10 in in IN 32855 748 11 the the DT 32855 748 12 Bell Bell NNP 32855 748 13 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 748 14 . . . 32855 749 1 Eggs egg NNS 32855 749 2 occasionally occasionally RB 32855 749 3 disappear disappear VBP 32855 749 4 from from IN 32855 749 5 the the DT 32855 749 6 nest nest NN 32855 749 7 prior prior RB 32855 749 8 to to IN 32855 749 9 or or CC 32855 749 10 during during IN 32855 749 11 incubation incubation NN 32855 749 12 , , , 32855 749 13 without without IN 32855 749 14 subsequent subsequent JJ 32855 749 15 addition addition NN 32855 749 16 of of IN 32855 749 17 cowbird cowbird NN 32855 749 18 eggs egg NNS 32855 749 19 . . . 32855 750 1 Unfamiliarity unfamiliarity NN 32855 750 2 with with IN 32855 750 3 the the DT 32855 750 4 history history NN 32855 750 5 of of IN 32855 750 6 such such PDT 32855 750 7 a a DT 32855 750 8 nest nest NN 32855 750 9 on on IN 32855 750 10 the the DT 32855 750 11 part part NN 32855 750 12 of of IN 32855 750 13 the the DT 32855 750 14 observer observer NN 32855 750 15 would would MD 32855 750 16 lead lead VB 32855 750 17 to to IN 32855 750 18 an an DT 32855 750 19 inaccurate inaccurate JJ 32855 750 20 determination determination NN 32855 750 21 of of IN 32855 750 22 clutch clutch NN 32855 750 23 - - HYPH 32855 750 24 size size NN 32855 750 25 . . . 32855 751 1 Complete complete JJ 32855 751 2 clutches clutch NNS 32855 751 3 are be VBP 32855 751 4 not not RB 32855 751 5 replaced replace VBN 32855 751 6 with with IN 32855 751 7 the the DT 32855 751 8 same same JJ 32855 751 9 regularity regularity NN 32855 751 10 as as IN 32855 751 11 are be VBP 32855 751 12 nests nest NNS 32855 751 13 . . . 32855 752 1 I -PRON- PRP 32855 752 2 have have VBP 32855 752 3 recorded record VBN 32855 752 4 intervals interval NNS 32855 752 5 of of IN 32855 752 6 six six CD 32855 752 7 to to TO 32855 752 8 thirty thirty CD 32855 752 9 days day NNS 32855 752 10 between between IN 32855 752 11 successive successive JJ 32855 752 12 clutches clutch NNS 32855 752 13 . . . 32855 753 1 Successful successful JJ 32855 753 2 replacement replacement NN 32855 753 3 of of IN 32855 753 4 clutches clutch NNS 32855 753 5 is be VBZ 32855 753 6 determined determine VBN 32855 753 7 by by IN 32855 753 8 a a DT 32855 753 9 number number NN 32855 753 10 of of IN 32855 753 11 factors factor NNS 32855 753 12 : : : 32855 753 13 nest nest NN 32855 753 14 - - HYPH 32855 753 15 site site NN 32855 753 16 , , , 32855 753 17 completion completion NN 32855 753 18 of of IN 32855 753 19 a a DT 32855 753 20 nest nest NN 32855 753 21 , , , 32855 753 22 weather weather NN 32855 753 23 , , , 32855 753 24 predation predation NN 32855 753 25 , , , 32855 753 26 and and CC 32855 753 27 parasitism parasitism NN 32855 753 28 by by IN 32855 753 29 the the DT 32855 753 30 cowbird cowbird NN 32855 753 31 . . . 32855 754 1 The the DT 32855 754 2 difference difference NN 32855 754 3 between between IN 32855 754 4 the the DT 32855 754 5 number number NN 32855 754 6 of of IN 32855 754 7 renesting reneste VBG 32855 754 8 attempts attempt NNS 32855 754 9 and and CC 32855 754 10 the the DT 32855 754 11 successful successful JJ 32855 754 12 replacement replacement NN 32855 754 13 of of IN 32855 754 14 clutches clutch NNS 32855 754 15 seems seem VBZ 32855 754 16 to to TO 32855 754 17 indicate indicate VB 32855 754 18 that that IN 32855 754 19 different different JJ 32855 754 20 physiological physiological JJ 32855 754 21 processes process NNS 32855 754 22 are be VBP 32855 754 23 responsible responsible JJ 32855 754 24 for for IN 32855 754 25 these these DT 32855 754 26 two two CD 32855 754 27 phenomena phenomenon NNS 32855 754 28 and and CC 32855 754 29 that that IN 32855 754 30 there there EX 32855 754 31 is be VBZ 32855 754 32 lack lack NN 32855 754 33 of of IN 32855 754 34 synchrony synchrony NN 32855 754 35 between between IN 32855 754 36 them -PRON- PRP 32855 754 37 . . . 32855 755 1 The the DT 32855 755 2 development development NN 32855 755 3 of of IN 32855 755 4 the the DT 32855 755 5 ovarian ovarian JJ 32855 755 6 follicle follicle NN 32855 755 7 requires require VBZ 32855 755 8 a a DT 32855 755 9 specific specific JJ 32855 755 10 number number NN 32855 755 11 of of IN 32855 755 12 days day NNS 32855 755 13 that that WDT 32855 755 14 is be VBZ 32855 755 15 not not RB 32855 755 16 always always RB 32855 755 17 coincident coincident JJ 32855 755 18 with with IN 32855 755 19 the the DT 32855 755 20 building building NN 32855 755 21 of of IN 32855 755 22 replacement replacement NN 32855 755 23 nests nest NNS 32855 755 24 . . . 32855 756 1 If if IN 32855 756 2 , , , 32855 756 3 in in IN 32855 756 4 the the DT 32855 756 5 Bell Bell NNP 32855 756 6 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 756 7 , , , 32855 756 8 replacing replace VBG 32855 756 9 a a DT 32855 756 10 nest nest NN 32855 756 11 were be VBD 32855 756 12 solely solely RB 32855 756 13 a a DT 32855 756 14 responsibility responsibility NN 32855 756 15 of of IN 32855 756 16 the the DT 32855 756 17 female female NN 32855 756 18 , , , 32855 756 19 instead instead RB 32855 756 20 of of IN 32855 756 21 involving involve VBG 32855 756 22 the the DT 32855 756 23 male male NN 32855 756 24 to to IN 32855 756 25 a a DT 32855 756 26 considerable considerable JJ 32855 756 27 extent extent NN 32855 756 28 , , , 32855 756 29 it -PRON- PRP 32855 756 30 would would MD 32855 756 31 seem seem VB 32855 756 32 likely likely JJ 32855 756 33 that that IN 32855 756 34 replacement replacement NN 32855 756 35 of of IN 32855 756 36 nests nest NNS 32855 756 37 and and CC 32855 756 38 the the DT 32855 756 39 replacement replacement NN 32855 756 40 of of IN 32855 756 41 clutches clutch NNS 32855 756 42 would would MD 32855 756 43 be be VB 32855 756 44 more more RBR 32855 756 45 closely closely RB 32855 756 46 coordinated coordinated JJ 32855 756 47 . . . 32855 757 1 _ _ NNP 32855 757 2 Incubation Incubation NNP 32855 757 3 _ _ NNP 32855 757 4 Nice Nice NNP 32855 757 5 ( ( -LRB- 32855 757 6 1954:173 1954:173 CD 32855 757 7 ) ) -RRB- 32855 757 8 considers consider VBZ 32855 757 9 the the DT 32855 757 10 incubation incubation NN 32855 757 11 period period NN 32855 757 12 to to TO 32855 757 13 be be VB 32855 757 14 the the DT 32855 757 15 elapsed elapse VBN 32855 757 16 time time NN 32855 757 17 between between IN 32855 757 18 the the DT 32855 757 19 laying laying NN 32855 757 20 of of IN 32855 757 21 the the DT 32855 757 22 last last JJ 32855 757 23 egg egg NN 32855 757 24 in in IN 32855 757 25 a a DT 32855 757 26 clutch clutch NN 32855 757 27 and and CC 32855 757 28 the the DT 32855 757 29 hatching hatching NN 32855 757 30 of of IN 32855 757 31 that that DT 32855 757 32 egg egg NN 32855 757 33 , , , 32855 757 34 when when WRB 32855 757 35 all all DT 32855 757 36 eggs egg NNS 32855 757 37 hatch hatch NN 32855 757 38 . . . 32855 758 1 My -PRON- PRP$ 32855 758 2 data datum NNS 32855 758 3 indicate indicate VBP 32855 758 4 that that IN 32855 758 5 , , , 32855 758 6 normally normally RB 32855 758 7 , , , 32855 758 8 intensive intensive JJ 32855 758 9 incubation incubation NN 32855 758 10 begins begin VBZ 32855 758 11 when when WRB 32855 758 12 the the DT 32855 758 13 second second JJ 32855 758 14 egg egg NN 32855 758 15 is be VBZ 32855 758 16 laid lay VBN 32855 758 17 and and CC 32855 758 18 lasts last VBZ 32855 758 19 fourteen fourteen CD 32855 758 20 days day NNS 32855 758 21 in in IN 32855 758 22 the the DT 32855 758 23 Bell Bell NNP 32855 758 24 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 758 25 . . . 32855 759 1 Nice Nice NNP 32855 759 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 759 3 1929:99 1929:99 CD 32855 759 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 759 5 also also RB 32855 759 6 considered consider VBD 32855 759 7 the the DT 32855 759 8 incubation incubation NN 32855 759 9 period period NN 32855 759 10 in in IN 32855 759 11 this this DT 32855 759 12 species specie NNS 32855 759 13 to to TO 32855 759 14 be be VB 32855 759 15 fourteen fourteen CD 32855 759 16 days day NNS 32855 759 17 but but CC 32855 759 18 believed believe VBD 32855 759 19 it -PRON- PRP 32855 759 20 to to TO 32855 759 21 commence commence VB 32855 759 22 when when WRB 32855 759 23 the the DT 32855 759 24 third third JJ 32855 759 25 egg egg NN 32855 759 26 was be VBD 32855 759 27 laid lay VBN 32855 759 28 . . . 32855 760 1 Pitelka Pitelka NNP 32855 760 2 and and CC 32855 760 3 Koestner Koestner NNP 32855 760 4 ( ( -LRB- 32855 760 5 1942:99 1942:99 CD 32855 760 6 ) ) -RRB- 32855 760 7 noted note VBD 32855 760 8 that that IN 32855 760 9 the the DT 32855 760 10 first first JJ 32855 760 11 and and CC 32855 760 12 second second JJ 32855 760 13 eggs egg NNS 32855 760 14 hatched hatch VBD 32855 760 15 fourteen fourteen CD 32855 760 16 days day NNS 32855 760 17 after after IN 32855 760 18 laying lay VBG 32855 760 19 of of IN 32855 760 20 the the DT 32855 760 21 second second JJ 32855 760 22 egg egg NN 32855 760 23 . . . 32855 761 1 However however RB 32855 761 2 , , , 32855 761 3 they -PRON- PRP 32855 761 4 thought think VBD 32855 761 5 incubation incubation NN 32855 761 6 began begin VBD 32855 761 7 with with IN 32855 761 8 the the DT 32855 761 9 first first JJ 32855 761 10 egg egg NN 32855 761 11 . . . 32855 762 1 This this DT 32855 762 2 would would MD 32855 762 3 mean mean VB 32855 762 4 a a DT 32855 762 5 fifteen fifteen CD 32855 762 6 - - HYPH 32855 762 7 day day NN 32855 762 8 period period NN 32855 762 9 for for IN 32855 762 10 this this DT 32855 762 11 egg egg NN 32855 762 12 . . . 32855 763 1 All all PDT 32855 763 2 the the DT 32855 763 3 eggs egg NNS 32855 763 4 that that WDT 32855 763 5 Nolan Nolan NNP 32855 763 6 ( ( -LRB- 32855 763 7 1960:234 1960:234 CD 32855 763 8 ) ) -RRB- 32855 763 9 marked mark VBD 32855 763 10 hatched hatch VBN 32855 763 11 in in IN 32855 763 12 approximately approximately RB 32855 763 13 fourteen fourteen CD 32855 763 14 days day NNS 32855 763 15 . . . 32855 764 1 Eight eight CD 32855 764 2 eggs egg NNS 32855 764 3 artificially artificially RB 32855 764 4 incubated incubate VBN 32855 764 5 by by IN 32855 764 6 Graber Graber NNP 32855 764 7 ( ( -LRB- 32855 764 8 1955:103 1955:103 CD 32855 764 9 ) ) -RRB- 32855 764 10 required require VBD 32855 764 11 an an DT 32855 764 12 average average NN 32855 764 13 of of IN 32855 764 14 15.01 15.01 CD 32855 764 15 days day NNS 32855 764 16 to to TO 32855 764 17 hatch hatch VB 32855 764 18 . . . 32855 765 1 As as IN 32855 765 2 Van Van NNP 32855 765 3 Tyne Tyne NNP 32855 765 4 and and CC 32855 765 5 Berger Berger NNP 32855 765 6 ( ( -LRB- 32855 765 7 1959:293 1959:293 LS 32855 765 8 ) ) -RRB- 32855 765 9 indicate indicate VBP 32855 765 10 , , , 32855 765 11 periods period NNS 32855 765 12 of of IN 32855 765 13 sitting sit VBG 32855 765 14 on on IN 32855 765 15 the the DT 32855 765 16 nest nest NN 32855 765 17 , , , 32855 765 18 even even RB 32855 765 19 all all DT 32855 765 20 night night NN 32855 765 21 , , , 32855 765 22 do do VBP 32855 765 23 not not RB 32855 765 24 necessarily necessarily RB 32855 765 25 mean mean VB 32855 765 26 that that IN 32855 765 27 incubation incubation NN 32855 765 28 has have VBZ 32855 765 29 begun begin VBN 32855 765 30 , , , 32855 765 31 for for IN 32855 765 32 it -PRON- PRP 32855 765 33 has have VBZ 32855 765 34 been be VBN 32855 765 35 demonstrated demonstrate VBN 32855 765 36 in in IN 32855 765 37 several several JJ 32855 765 38 species specie NNS 32855 765 39 that that WDT 32855 765 40 birds bird NNS 32855 765 41 may may MD 32855 765 42 sit sit VB 32855 765 43 on on IN 32855 765 44 an an DT 32855 765 45 egg egg NN 32855 765 46 without without IN 32855 765 47 actually actually RB 32855 765 48 applying apply VBG 32855 765 49 heat heat NN 32855 765 50 . . . 32855 766 1 My -PRON- PRP$ 32855 766 2 own own JJ 32855 766 3 observations observation NNS 32855 766 4 demonstrate demonstrate VBP 32855 766 5 that that IN 32855 766 6 the the DT 32855 766 7 first first JJ 32855 766 8 egg egg NN 32855 766 9 may may MD 32855 766 10 be be VB 32855 766 11 left leave VBN 32855 766 12 unattended unattende VBN 32855 766 13 for for IN 32855 766 14 several several JJ 32855 766 15 hours hour NNS 32855 766 16 at at IN 32855 766 17 a a DT 32855 766 18 time time NN 32855 766 19 on on IN 32855 766 20 the the DT 32855 766 21 day day NN 32855 766 22 that that IN 32855 766 23 it -PRON- PRP 32855 766 24 is be VBZ 32855 766 25 laid lay VBN 32855 766 26 . . . 32855 767 1 _ _ NNP 32855 767 2 The the DT 32855 767 3 Roles Roles NNPS 32855 767 4 of of IN 32855 767 5 the the DT 32855 767 6 Sexes Sexes NNP 32855 767 7 in in IN 32855 767 8 Incubation Incubation NNP 32855 767 9 _ _ IN 32855 767 10 Both both PDT 32855 767 11 the the DT 32855 767 12 male male JJ 32855 767 13 and and CC 32855 767 14 female female JJ 32855 767 15 sit sit NN 32855 767 16 on on IN 32855 767 17 the the DT 32855 767 18 eggs egg NNS 32855 767 19 in in IN 32855 767 20 the the DT 32855 767 21 daytime daytime NN 32855 767 22 . . . 32855 768 1 My -PRON- PRP$ 32855 768 2 study study NN 32855 768 3 of of IN 32855 768 4 histological histological JJ 32855 768 5 sections section NNS 32855 768 6 of of IN 32855 768 7 ventral ventral JJ 32855 768 8 epidermis epidermis NN 32855 768 9 indicates indicate VBZ 32855 768 10 that that IN 32855 768 11 the the DT 32855 768 12 male male NN 32855 768 13 does do VBZ 32855 768 14 not not RB 32855 768 15 possess possess VB 32855 768 16 a a DT 32855 768 17 brood brood NN 32855 768 18 patch patch NN 32855 768 19 ; ; : 32855 768 20 the the DT 32855 768 21 increased increase VBN 32855 768 22 vascularization vascularization NN 32855 768 23 typical typical JJ 32855 768 24 of of IN 32855 768 25 the the DT 32855 768 26 brood brood NN 32855 768 27 patch patch NN 32855 768 28 in in IN 32855 768 29 females female NNS 32855 768 30 is be VBZ 32855 768 31 not not RB 32855 768 32 evident evident JJ 32855 768 33 in in IN 32855 768 34 males male NNS 32855 768 35 . . . 32855 769 1 But but CC 32855 769 2 , , , 32855 769 3 the the DT 32855 769 4 male male NN 32855 769 5 loses lose VBZ 32855 769 6 most most JJS 32855 769 7 of of IN 32855 769 8 the the DT 32855 769 9 down down JJ 32855 769 10 feathers feather NNS 32855 769 11 of of IN 32855 769 12 the the DT 32855 769 13 ventral ventral JJ 32855 769 14 apterium apterium NN 32855 769 15 . . . 32855 770 1 Also also RB 32855 770 2 , , , 32855 770 3 according accord VBG 32855 770 4 to to IN 32855 770 5 Bailey Bailey NNP 32855 770 6 ( ( -LRB- 32855 770 7 1952:128 1952:128 CD 32855 770 8 ) ) -RRB- 32855 770 9 , , , 32855 770 10 the the DT 32855 770 11 male male JJ 32855 770 12 Warbling Warbling NNP 32855 770 13 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 770 14 that that WDT 32855 770 15 sits sit VBZ 32855 770 16 on on IN 32855 770 17 the the DT 32855 770 18 eggs egg NNS 32855 770 19 lacks lack VBZ 32855 770 20 a a DT 32855 770 21 brood brood NN 32855 770 22 patch patch NN 32855 770 23 . . . 32855 771 1 Bailey Bailey NNP 32855 771 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 771 3 1952:128 1952:128 CD 32855 771 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 771 5 suggests suggest VBZ 32855 771 6 that that IN 32855 771 7 male male JJ 32855 771 8 passerines passerine NNS 32855 771 9 lacking lack VBG 32855 771 10 brood brood NN 32855 771 11 patches patch NNS 32855 771 12 that that WDT 32855 771 13 habitually habitually RB 32855 771 14 sit sit VBP 32855 771 15 on on IN 32855 771 16 eggs egg NNS 32855 771 17 do do VBP 32855 771 18 not not RB 32855 771 19 heat heat VB 32855 771 20 the the DT 32855 771 21 eggs egg NNS 32855 771 22 . . . 32855 772 1 Thus thus RB 32855 772 2 it -PRON- PRP 32855 772 3 can can MD 32855 772 4 not not RB 32855 772 5 be be VB 32855 772 6 considered consider VBN 32855 772 7 true true JJ 32855 772 8 incubation incubation NN 32855 772 9 since since IN 32855 772 10 no no DT 32855 772 11 increase increase NN 32855 772 12 of of IN 32855 772 13 temperature temperature NN 32855 772 14 in in IN 32855 772 15 the the DT 32855 772 16 eggs egg NNS 32855 772 17 is be VBZ 32855 772 18 effected effect VBN 32855 772 19 by by IN 32855 772 20 such such JJ 32855 772 21 means mean NNS 32855 772 22 . . . 32855 773 1 He -PRON- PRP 32855 773 2 further further RB 32855 773 3 notes note VBZ 32855 773 4 that that IN 32855 773 5 it -PRON- PRP 32855 773 6 is be VBZ 32855 773 7 at at IN 32855 773 8 night night NN 32855 773 9 when when WRB 32855 773 10 eggs egg NNS 32855 773 11 are be VBP 32855 773 12 likely likely JJ 32855 773 13 to to TO 32855 773 14 experience experience VB 32855 773 15 a a DT 32855 773 16 drop drop NN 32855 773 17 in in IN 32855 773 18 temperature temperature NN 32855 773 19 that that DT 32855 773 20 embryonic embryonic JJ 32855 773 21 development development NN 32855 773 22 will will MD 32855 773 23 be be VB 32855 773 24 impaired impair VBN 32855 773 25 . . . 32855 774 1 I -PRON- PRP 32855 774 2 have have VBP 32855 774 3 no no DT 32855 774 4 data data NN 32855 774 5 directly directly RB 32855 774 6 pertaining pertain VBG 32855 774 7 to to TO 32855 774 8 which which WDT 32855 774 9 sex sex NN 32855 774 10 sits sit NNS 32855 774 11 at at IN 32855 774 12 night night NN 32855 774 13 , , , 32855 774 14 but but CC 32855 774 15 it -PRON- PRP 32855 774 16 is be VBZ 32855 774 17 presumably presumably RB 32855 774 18 the the DT 32855 774 19 female female NN 32855 774 20 , , , 32855 774 21 because because IN 32855 774 22 she -PRON- PRP 32855 774 23 is be VBZ 32855 774 24 always always RB 32855 774 25 seen see VBN 32855 774 26 on on IN 32855 774 27 the the DT 32855 774 28 nest nest NN 32855 774 29 early early RB 32855 774 30 in in IN 32855 774 31 the the DT 32855 774 32 morning morning NN 32855 774 33 and and CC 32855 774 34 late late RB 32855 774 35 in in IN 32855 774 36 the the DT 32855 774 37 evening evening NN 32855 774 38 . . . 32855 775 1 [ [ -LRB- 32855 775 2 Illustration illustration NN 32855 775 3 : : : 32855 775 4 FIG FIG NNP 32855 775 5 . . . 32855 776 1 4 4 LS 32855 776 2 . . . 32855 777 1 Comparison comparison NN 32855 777 2 of of IN 32855 777 3 periods period NNS 32855 777 4 of of IN 32855 777 5 incubation incubation NN 32855 777 6 by by IN 32855 777 7 both both DT 32855 777 8 sexes sex NNS 32855 777 9 in in IN 32855 777 10 cold cold JJ 32855 777 11 ( ( -LRB- 32855 777 12 54 54 NNP 32855 777 13 ° ° , 32855 777 14 F. F. NNP 32855 777 15 ) ) -RRB- 32855 777 16 rainy rainy JJ 32855 777 17 weather weather NN 32855 777 18 ( ( -LRB- 32855 777 19 A a NN 32855 777 20 ) ) -RRB- 32855 777 21 and and CC 32855 777 22 in in IN 32855 777 23 warm warm JJ 32855 777 24 ( ( -LRB- 32855 777 25 82 82 NNP 32855 777 26 ° ° , 32855 777 27 F. F. NNP 32855 777 28 ) ) -RRB- 32855 777 29 sunny sunny JJ 32855 777 30 weather weather NN 32855 777 31 ( ( -LRB- 32855 777 32 B b NN 32855 777 33 ) ) -RRB- 32855 777 34 . . . 32855 777 35 ] ] -RRB- 32855 778 1 If if IN 32855 778 2 a a DT 32855 778 3 highly highly RB 32855 778 4 - - HYPH 32855 778 5 vascularized vascularize VBN 32855 778 6 brood brood NN 32855 778 7 patch patch NN 32855 778 8 is be VBZ 32855 778 9 essential essential JJ 32855 778 10 for for IN 32855 778 11 true true JJ 32855 778 12 incubation incubation NN 32855 778 13 , , , 32855 778 14 then then RB 32855 778 15 it -PRON- PRP 32855 778 16 is be VBZ 32855 778 17 surprising surprising JJ 32855 778 18 that that IN 32855 778 19 males male NNS 32855 778 20 take take VBP 32855 778 21 regular regular JJ 32855 778 22 turns turn NNS 32855 778 23 on on IN 32855 778 24 the the DT 32855 778 25 nest nest NN 32855 778 26 in in IN 32855 778 27 cold cold JJ 32855 778 28 , , , 32855 778 29 rainy rainy JJ 32855 778 30 weather weather NN 32855 778 31 . . . 32855 779 1 On on IN 32855 779 2 May May NNP 32855 779 3 20 20 CD 32855 779 4 , , , 32855 779 5 1960 1960 CD 32855 779 6 , , , 32855 779 7 male male JJ 32855 779 8 3 3 CD 32855 779 9 ( ( -LRB- 32855 779 10 1960 1960 CD 32855 779 11 ) ) -RRB- 32855 779 12 sat sit VBD 32855 779 13 on on IN 32855 779 14 the the DT 32855 779 15 eggs egg NNS 32855 779 16 longer long RBR 32855 779 17 than than IN 32855 779 18 did do VBD 32855 779 19 the the DT 32855 779 20 female female NN 32855 779 21 ( ( -LRB- 32855 779 22 fig fig NN 32855 779 23 . . . 32855 780 1 4 4 LS 32855 780 2 ) ) -RRB- 32855 780 3 . . . 32855 781 1 The the DT 32855 781 2 temperature temperature NN 32855 781 3 during during IN 32855 781 4 this this DT 32855 781 5 hour hour NN 32855 781 6 and and CC 32855 781 7 a a DT 32855 781 8 half half NN 32855 781 9 of of IN 32855 781 10 incubation incubation NN 32855 781 11 was be VBD 32855 781 12 54 54 NNP 32855 781 13 ° ° , 32855 781 14 F. F. NNP 32855 781 15 One one CD 32855 781 16 solution solution NN 32855 781 17 to to IN 32855 781 18 this this DT 32855 781 19 problem problem NN 32855 781 20 is be VBZ 32855 781 21 supplied supply VBN 32855 781 22 by by IN 32855 781 23 Skutch Skutch NNP 32855 781 24 ( ( -LRB- 32855 781 25 1957:74 1957:74 CD 32855 781 26 ) ) -RRB- 32855 781 27 . . . 32855 782 1 He -PRON- PRP 32855 782 2 indicates indicate VBZ 32855 782 3 that that IN 32855 782 4 , , , 32855 782 5 " " `` 32855 782 6 the the DT 32855 782 7 type type NN 32855 782 8 of of IN 32855 782 9 the the DT 32855 782 10 incubation incubation NN 32855 782 11 is be VBZ 32855 782 12 determined determine VBN 32855 782 13 largely largely RB 32855 782 14 by by IN 32855 782 15 innate innate JJ 32855 782 16 factors factor NNS 32855 782 17 , , , 32855 782 18 so so IN 32855 782 19 that that IN 32855 782 20 it -PRON- PRP 32855 782 21 persists persist VBZ 32855 782 22 through through IN 32855 782 23 fairly fairly RB 32855 782 24 wide wide JJ 32855 782 25 fluctuations fluctuation NNS 32855 782 26 in in IN 32855 782 27 weather weather NN 32855 782 28 , , , 32855 782 29 although although IN 32855 782 30 it -PRON- PRP 32855 782 31 may may MD 32855 782 32 break break VB 32855 782 33 down down RP 32855 782 34 in in IN 32855 782 35 extreme extreme JJ 32855 782 36 conditions condition NNS 32855 782 37 . . . 32855 782 38 " " '' 32855 783 1 Obviously obviously RB 32855 783 2 then then RB 32855 783 3 , , , 32855 783 4 in in IN 32855 783 5 the the DT 32855 783 6 example example NN 32855 783 7 described describe VBN 32855 783 8 above above RB 32855 783 9 , , , 32855 783 10 the the DT 32855 783 11 weather weather NN 32855 783 12 conditions condition NNS 32855 783 13 do do VBP 32855 783 14 not not RB 32855 783 15 qualify qualify VB 32855 783 16 as as IN 32855 783 17 " " `` 32855 783 18 extreme extreme JJ 32855 783 19 . . . 32855 783 20 " " '' 32855 784 1 Sitting sit VBG 32855 784 2 by by IN 32855 784 3 the the DT 32855 784 4 male male NN 32855 784 5 is be VBZ 32855 784 6 certainly certainly RB 32855 784 7 functional functional JJ 32855 784 8 to to IN 32855 784 9 some some DT 32855 784 10 extent extent NN 32855 784 11 for for IN 32855 784 12 it -PRON- PRP 32855 784 13 relieves relieve VBZ 32855 784 14 the the DT 32855 784 15 female female NN 32855 784 16 to to TO 32855 784 17 forage forage VB 32855 784 18 ; ; : 32855 784 19 furthermore furthermore RB 32855 784 20 , , , 32855 784 21 the the DT 32855 784 22 eggs egg NNS 32855 784 23 are be VBP 32855 784 24 sheltered shelter VBN 32855 784 25 from from IN 32855 784 26 inclement inclement JJ 32855 784 27 weather weather NN 32855 784 28 and and CC 32855 784 29 protected protect VBN 32855 784 30 from from IN 32855 784 31 predators predator NNS 32855 784 32 . . . 32855 785 1 Nolan Nolan NNP 32855 785 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 785 3 1960:232 1960:232 CD 32855 785 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 785 5 suggests suggest VBZ 32855 785 6 similar similar JJ 32855 785 7 reasons reason NNS 32855 785 8 for for IN 32855 785 9 incubating incubate VBG 32855 785 10 by by IN 32855 785 11 the the DT 32855 785 12 male male NN 32855 785 13 and and CC 32855 785 14 adds add VBZ 32855 785 15 the the DT 32855 785 16 " " `` 32855 785 17 conservation conservation NN 32855 785 18 of of IN 32855 785 19 heat heat NN 32855 785 20 supplied supply VBN 32855 785 21 to to IN 32855 785 22 the the DT 32855 785 23 eggs egg NNS 32855 785 24 by by IN 32855 785 25 the the DT 32855 785 26 female female NN 32855 785 27 . . . 32855 785 28 " " '' 32855 786 1 [ [ -LRB- 32855 786 2 Illustration illustration NN 32855 786 3 : : : 32855 786 4 FIG FIG NNP 32855 786 5 . . . 32855 787 1 5 5 CD 32855 787 2 . . . 32855 788 1 Daily daily JJ 32855 788 2 participation participation NN 32855 788 3 in in IN 32855 788 4 incubation incubation NN 32855 788 5 as as IN 32855 788 6 indicated indicate VBN 32855 788 7 by by IN 32855 788 8 the the DT 32855 788 9 sex sex NN 32855 788 10 of of IN 32855 788 11 the the DT 32855 788 12 adult adult NN 32855 788 13 on on IN 32855 788 14 the the DT 32855 788 15 nest nest NN 32855 788 16 upon upon IN 32855 788 17 approach approach NN 32855 788 18 of of IN 32855 788 19 the the DT 32855 788 20 observer observer NN 32855 788 21 . . . 32855 788 22 ] ] -RRB- 32855 789 1 My -PRON- PRP$ 32855 789 2 data datum NNS 32855 789 3 , , , 32855 789 4 based base VBN 32855 789 5 on on IN 32855 789 6 incubation incubation NN 32855 789 7 beginning begin VBG 32855 789 8 with with IN 32855 789 9 the the DT 32855 789 10 second second JJ 32855 789 11 egg egg NN 32855 789 12 , , , 32855 789 13 indicate indicate VBP 32855 789 14 that that IN 32855 789 15 the the DT 32855 789 16 female female JJ 32855 789 17 incubates incubate NNS 32855 789 18 more more RBR 32855 789 19 often often RB 32855 789 20 daily daily RB 32855 789 21 than than IN 32855 789 22 the the DT 32855 789 23 male male NN 32855 789 24 ( ( -LRB- 32855 789 25 fig fig VB 32855 789 26 . . . 32855 790 1 5 5 LS 32855 790 2 ) ) -RRB- 32855 790 3 . . . 32855 791 1 The the DT 32855 791 2 male male NN 32855 791 3 sits sit VBZ 32855 791 4 on on IN 32855 791 5 the the DT 32855 791 6 eggs egg NNS 32855 791 7 only only RB 32855 791 8 occasionally occasionally RB 32855 791 9 in in IN 32855 791 10 the the DT 32855 791 11 morning morning NN 32855 791 12 , , , 32855 791 13 but but CC 32855 791 14 almost almost RB 32855 791 15 as as RB 32855 791 16 often often RB 32855 791 17 as as IN 32855 791 18 the the DT 32855 791 19 female female NN 32855 791 20 in in IN 32855 791 21 the the DT 32855 791 22 afternoon afternoon NN 32855 791 23 . . . 32855 792 1 Nolan Nolan NNP 32855 792 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 792 3 1960:233 1960:233 CD 32855 792 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 792 5 found find VBD 32855 792 6 that that IN 32855 792 7 95.5 95.5 CD 32855 792 8 per per IN 32855 792 9 cent cent NN 32855 792 10 of of IN 32855 792 11 the the DT 32855 792 12 male male NN 32855 792 13 's 's POS 32855 792 14 time time NN 32855 792 15 on on IN 32855 792 16 the the DT 32855 792 17 nest nest NN 32855 792 18 and and CC 32855 792 19 only only RB 32855 792 20 40 40 CD 32855 792 21 per per NN 32855 792 22 cent cent NN 32855 792 23 of of IN 32855 792 24 the the DT 32855 792 25 female female NN 32855 792 26 's 's POS 32855 792 27 time time NN 32855 792 28 were be VBD 32855 792 29 attributable attributable JJ 32855 792 30 to to IN 32855 792 31 the the DT 32855 792 32 early early JJ 32855 792 33 hours hour NNS 32855 792 34 of of IN 32855 792 35 the the DT 32855 792 36 day day NN 32855 792 37 . . . 32855 793 1 Although although IN 32855 793 2 I -PRON- PRP 32855 793 3 lack lack VBP 32855 793 4 data datum NNS 32855 793 5 on on IN 32855 793 6 the the DT 32855 793 7 critical critical JJ 32855 793 8 hours hour NNS 32855 793 9 of of IN 32855 793 10 5:00 5:00 CD 32855 793 11 a.m. a.m. NN 32855 793 12 to to IN 32855 793 13 6:59 6:59 CD 32855 793 14 a.m. a.m. RB 32855 793 15 , , , 32855 793 16 I -PRON- PRP 32855 793 17 have have VBP 32855 793 18 enough enough JJ 32855 793 19 observations observation NNS 32855 793 20 ( ( -LRB- 32855 793 21 20 20 CD 32855 793 22 ) ) -RRB- 32855 793 23 from from IN 32855 793 24 7:00 7:00 CD 32855 793 25 a.m. a.m. NN 32855 793 26 to to IN 32855 793 27 9:00 9:00 CD 32855 793 28 a.m. a.m. NN 32855 793 29 to to TO 32855 793 30 indicate indicate VB 32855 793 31 that that IN 32855 793 32 the the DT 32855 793 33 males male NNS 32855 793 34 sit sit VBP 32855 793 35 on on IN 32855 793 36 the the DT 32855 793 37 eggs egg NNS 32855 793 38 infrequently infrequently RB 32855 793 39 ( ( -LRB- 32855 793 40 3 3 CD 32855 793 41 of of IN 32855 793 42 20 20 CD 32855 793 43 instances instance NNS 32855 793 44 ) ) -RRB- 32855 793 45 in in IN 32855 793 46 those those DT 32855 793 47 hours hour NNS 32855 793 48 . . . 32855 794 1 The the DT 32855 794 2 discrepancy discrepancy NN 32855 794 3 in in IN 32855 794 4 the the DT 32855 794 5 two two CD 32855 794 6 sets set NNS 32855 794 7 of of IN 32855 794 8 data datum NNS 32855 794 9 , , , 32855 794 10 which which WDT 32855 794 11 may may MD 32855 794 12 be be VB 32855 794 13 merely merely RB 32855 794 14 an an DT 32855 794 15 artifact artifact NN 32855 794 16 of of IN 32855 794 17 sampling sample VBG 32855 794 18 techniques technique NNS 32855 794 19 , , , 32855 794 20 does do VBZ 32855 794 21 suggest suggest VB 32855 794 22 two two CD 32855 794 23 possible possible JJ 32855 794 24 alternatives alternative NNS 32855 794 25 : : : 32855 794 26 ( ( -LRB- 32855 794 27 1 1 LS 32855 794 28 ) ) -RRB- 32855 794 29 the the DT 32855 794 30 male male NN 32855 794 31 sits sit VBZ 32855 794 32 on on IN 32855 794 33 the the DT 32855 794 34 eggs egg NNS 32855 794 35 in in IN 32855 794 36 the the DT 32855 794 37 morning morning NN 32855 794 38 and and CC 32855 794 39 gives give VBZ 32855 794 40 the the DT 32855 794 41 female female NN 32855 794 42 , , , 32855 794 43 who who WP 32855 794 44 sits sit VBZ 32855 794 45 on on IN 32855 794 46 the the DT 32855 794 47 eggs egg NNS 32855 794 48 throughout throughout IN 32855 794 49 the the DT 32855 794 50 night night NN 32855 794 51 , , , 32855 794 52 an an DT 32855 794 53 extended extended JJ 32855 794 54 rest rest NN 32855 794 55 and and CC 32855 794 56 an an DT 32855 794 57 opportunity opportunity NN 32855 794 58 to to TO 32855 794 59 forage forage VB 32855 794 60 ; ; , 32855 794 61 ( ( -LRB- 32855 794 62 2 2 LS 32855 794 63 ) ) -RRB- 32855 794 64 the the DT 32855 794 65 female female NN 32855 794 66 continues continue VBZ 32855 794 67 to to TO 32855 794 68 sit sit VB 32855 794 69 throughout throughout IN 32855 794 70 the the DT 32855 794 71 morning morning NN 32855 794 72 , , , 32855 794 73 especially especially RB 32855 794 74 during during IN 32855 794 75 the the DT 32855 794 76 early early JJ 32855 794 77 hours hour NNS 32855 794 78 of of IN 32855 794 79 daylight daylight NN 32855 794 80 , , , 32855 794 81 a a DT 32855 794 82 time time NN 32855 794 83 of of IN 32855 794 84 day day NN 32855 794 85 when when WRB 32855 794 86 the the DT 32855 794 87 temperature temperature NN 32855 794 88 may may MD 32855 794 89 still still RB 32855 794 90 be be VB 32855 794 91 low low JJ 32855 794 92 enough enough RB 32855 794 93 to to TO 32855 794 94 impair impair VB 32855 794 95 development development NN 32855 794 96 of of IN 32855 794 97 the the DT 32855 794 98 embryo embryo NN 32855 794 99 . . . 32855 795 1 _ _ NNP 32855 795 2 Relief Relief NNP 32855 795 3 of of IN 32855 795 4 Partners Partners NNPS 32855 795 5 in in IN 32855 795 6 Incubation Incubation NNP 32855 795 7 _ _ NNP 32855 795 8 Relief Relief NNP 32855 795 9 of of IN 32855 795 10 partners partner NNS 32855 795 11 involves involve VBZ 32855 795 12 some some DT 32855 795 13 ceremony ceremony NN 32855 795 14 . . . 32855 796 1 When when WRB 32855 796 2 the the DT 32855 796 3 female female NN 32855 796 4 is be VBZ 32855 796 5 incubating incubate VBG 32855 796 6 , , , 32855 796 7 the the DT 32855 796 8 male male NN 32855 796 9 sings sing VBZ 32855 796 10 several several JJ 32855 796 11 times time NNS 32855 796 12 as as IN 32855 796 13 he -PRON- PRP 32855 796 14 approaches approach VBZ 32855 796 15 the the DT 32855 796 16 nest nest NN 32855 796 17 tree tree NN 32855 796 18 ; ; : 32855 796 19 the the DT 32855 796 20 female female JJ 32855 796 21 responds respond VBZ 32855 796 22 with with IN 32855 796 23 several several JJ 32855 796 24 _ _ NNP 32855 796 25 chees chee NNS 32855 796 26 _ _ NNP 32855 796 27 , , , 32855 796 28 but but CC 32855 796 29 otherwise otherwise RB 32855 796 30 remains remain VBZ 32855 796 31 immobile immobile JJ 32855 796 32 . . . 32855 797 1 The the DT 32855 797 2 male male NN 32855 797 3 sings sing VBZ 32855 797 4 several several JJ 32855 797 5 more more JJR 32855 797 6 times time NNS 32855 797 7 upon upon IN 32855 797 8 alighting alight VBG 32855 797 9 in in IN 32855 797 10 the the DT 32855 797 11 nest nest NN 32855 797 12 tree tree NN 32855 797 13 whereupon whereupon IN 32855 797 14 the the DT 32855 797 15 female female JJ 32855 797 16 _ _ NNP 32855 797 17 chees chee VBZ 32855 797 18 _ _ NNP 32855 797 19 again again RB 32855 797 20 and and CC 32855 797 21 flies fly VBZ 32855 797 22 directly directly RB 32855 797 23 from from IN 32855 797 24 the the DT 32855 797 25 nest nest NN 32855 797 26 . . . 32855 798 1 A a DT 32855 798 2 few few JJ 32855 798 3 seconds second NNS 32855 798 4 later later RB 32855 798 5 the the DT 32855 798 6 male male NN 32855 798 7 appears appear VBZ 32855 798 8 at at IN 32855 798 9 the the DT 32855 798 10 edge edge NN 32855 798 11 of of IN 32855 798 12 the the DT 32855 798 13 nest nest NN 32855 798 14 and and CC 32855 798 15 , , , 32855 798 16 after after IN 32855 798 17 inspecting inspect VBG 32855 798 18 the the DT 32855 798 19 eggs egg NNS 32855 798 20 , , , 32855 798 21 hops hop VBZ 32855 798 22 in in IN 32855 798 23 and and CC 32855 798 24 settles settle VBZ 32855 798 25 upon upon IN 32855 798 26 them -PRON- PRP 32855 798 27 . . . 32855 799 1 When when WRB 32855 799 2 the the DT 32855 799 3 male male NN 32855 799 4 is be VBZ 32855 799 5 sitting sit VBG 32855 799 6 he -PRON- PRP 32855 799 7 is be VBZ 32855 799 8 notably notably RB 32855 799 9 anxious anxious JJ 32855 799 10 prior prior RB 32855 799 11 to to IN 32855 799 12 an an DT 32855 799 13 exchange exchange NN 32855 799 14 with with IN 32855 799 15 the the DT 32855 799 16 female female NN 32855 799 17 , , , 32855 799 18 often often RB 32855 799 19 arising arise VBG 32855 799 20 and and CC 32855 799 21 craning crane VBG 32855 799 22 his -PRON- PRP$ 32855 799 23 neck neck NN 32855 799 24 as as IN 32855 799 25 he -PRON- PRP 32855 799 26 surveys survey VBZ 32855 799 27 the the DT 32855 799 28 surrounding surround VBG 32855 799 29 vegetation vegetation NN 32855 799 30 , , , 32855 799 31 seemingly seemingly RB 32855 799 32 searching search VBG 32855 799 33 for for IN 32855 799 34 his -PRON- PRP$ 32855 799 35 mate mate NN 32855 799 36 . . . 32855 800 1 The the DT 32855 800 2 singing singing NN 32855 800 3 of of IN 32855 800 4 the the DT 32855 800 5 male male NN 32855 800 6 and and CC 32855 800 7 the the DT 32855 800 8 calling calling NN 32855 800 9 of of IN 32855 800 10 the the DT 32855 800 11 female female JJ 32855 800 12 serve serve NN 32855 800 13 as as IN 32855 800 14 signals signal NNS 32855 800 15 , , , 32855 800 16 coordinating coordinate VBG 32855 800 17 the the DT 32855 800 18 exchange exchange NN 32855 800 19 . . . 32855 801 1 NESTLING NESTLING NNP 32855 801 2 PERIOD PERIOD NNP 32855 801 3 _ _ NNP 32855 801 4 Hatching Hatching NNP 32855 801 5 Sequence Sequence NNP 32855 801 6 _ _ NNP 32855 801 7 As as IN 32855 801 8 indicated indicate VBN 32855 801 9 earlier early RBR 32855 801 10 , , , 32855 801 11 hatching hatching NN 32855 801 12 normally normally RB 32855 801 13 occurs occur VBZ 32855 801 14 fourteen fourteen CD 32855 801 15 days day NNS 32855 801 16 after after IN 32855 801 17 the the DT 32855 801 18 second second JJ 32855 801 19 egg egg NN 32855 801 20 is be VBZ 32855 801 21 laid lay VBN 32855 801 22 . . . 32855 802 1 Hatching hatching NN 32855 802 2 of of IN 32855 802 3 the the DT 32855 802 4 young young JJ 32855 802 5 was be VBD 32855 802 6 staggered stagger VBN 32855 802 7 at at IN 32855 802 8 three three CD 32855 802 9 nests nest NNS 32855 802 10 under under IN 32855 802 11 observation observation NN 32855 802 12 . . . 32855 803 1 In in IN 32855 803 2 nest nest NN 32855 803 3 2-b 2-b CD 32855 803 4 ( ( -LRB- 32855 803 5 1959 1959 CD 32855 803 6 ) ) -RRB- 32855 803 7 the the DT 32855 803 8 first first JJ 32855 803 9 young young JJ 32855 803 10 hatched hatch VBN 32855 803 11 on on IN 32855 803 12 June June NNP 32855 803 13 8 8 CD 32855 803 14 , , , 32855 803 15 1959 1959 CD 32855 803 16 , , , 32855 803 17 the the DT 32855 803 18 second second JJ 32855 803 19 on on IN 32855 803 20 June June NNP 32855 803 21 10 10 CD 32855 803 22 . . . 32855 804 1 In in IN 32855 804 2 3-b 3-b CD 32855 804 3 ( ( -LRB- 32855 804 4 1959 1959 CD 32855 804 5 ) ) -RRB- 32855 804 6 one one CD 32855 804 7 young young JJ 32855 804 8 hatched hatch VBD 32855 804 9 each each DT 32855 804 10 day day NN 32855 804 11 from from IN 32855 804 12 the the DT 32855 804 13 12th 12th NN 32855 804 14 through through IN 32855 804 15 the the DT 32855 804 16 14th 14th NN 32855 804 17 of of IN 32855 804 18 June June NNP 32855 804 19 . . . 32855 805 1 In in IN 32855 805 2 5-a 5-a CD 32855 805 3 ( ( -LRB- 32855 805 4 1959 1959 CD 32855 805 5 ) ) -RRB- 32855 805 6 two two CD 32855 805 7 young young JJ 32855 805 8 hatched hatch VBN 32855 805 9 on on IN 32855 805 10 June June NNP 32855 805 11 15 15 CD 32855 805 12 , , , 32855 805 13 the the DT 32855 805 14 third third JJ 32855 805 15 on on IN 32855 805 16 June June NNP 32855 805 17 16 16 CD 32855 805 18 , , , 32855 805 19 and and CC 32855 805 20 the the DT 32855 805 21 fourth fourth JJ 32855 805 22 on on IN 32855 805 23 June June NNP 32855 805 24 17 17 CD 32855 805 25 . . . 32855 806 1 Size size NN 32855 806 2 of of IN 32855 806 3 the the DT 32855 806 4 young young JJ 32855 806 5 differed differ VBN 32855 806 6 notably notably RB 32855 806 7 for for IN 32855 806 8 about about RB 32855 806 9 three three CD 32855 806 10 days day NNS 32855 806 11 as as IN 32855 806 12 a a DT 32855 806 13 result result NN 32855 806 14 of of IN 32855 806 15 staggered staggered JJ 32855 806 16 hatching hatching NN 32855 806 17 , , , 32855 806 18 but but CC 32855 806 19 after after IN 32855 806 20 that that DT 32855 806 21 day day NN 32855 806 22 the the DT 32855 806 23 younger young JJR 32855 806 24 birds bird NNS 32855 806 25 tended tend VBD 32855 806 26 to to TO 32855 806 27 catch catch VB 32855 806 28 up up RP 32855 806 29 in in IN 32855 806 30 size size NN 32855 806 31 with with IN 32855 806 32 their -PRON- PRP$ 32855 806 33 older old JJR 32855 806 34 brood brood NN 32855 806 35 - - HYPH 32855 806 36 mates mate NNS 32855 806 37 . . . 32855 807 1 The the DT 32855 807 2 fourth fourth JJ 32855 807 3 young young JJ 32855 807 4 in in IN 32855 807 5 nest nest NN 32855 807 6 5-a 5-a CD 32855 807 7 ( ( -LRB- 32855 807 8 1959 1959 CD 32855 807 9 ) ) -RRB- 32855 807 10 grew grow VBD 32855 807 11 steadily steadily RB 32855 807 12 weaker weak JJR 32855 807 13 and and CC 32855 807 14 was be VBD 32855 807 15 missing miss VBG 32855 807 16 from from IN 32855 807 17 the the DT 32855 807 18 nest nest NN 32855 807 19 on on IN 32855 807 20 June June NNP 32855 807 21 23 23 CD 32855 807 22 , , , 32855 807 23 1959 1959 CD 32855 807 24 . . . 32855 808 1 Staggered stagger VBN 32855 808 2 hatching hatching NN 32855 808 3 is be VBZ 32855 808 4 usually usually RB 32855 808 5 thought think VBN 32855 808 6 to to TO 32855 808 7 be be VB 32855 808 8 related relate VBN 32855 808 9 to to IN 32855 808 10 the the DT 32855 808 11 availability availability NN 32855 808 12 of of IN 32855 808 13 food food NN 32855 808 14 that that WDT 32855 808 15 will will MD 32855 808 16 insure insure VB 32855 808 17 survival survival NN 32855 808 18 of of IN 32855 808 19 at at IN 32855 808 20 least least JJS 32855 808 21 some some DT 32855 808 22 of of IN 32855 808 23 the the DT 32855 808 24 nestlings nestling NNS 32855 808 25 when when WRB 32855 808 26 a a DT 32855 808 27 shortage shortage NN 32855 808 28 of of IN 32855 808 29 food food NN 32855 808 30 exists exist VBZ 32855 808 31 . . . 32855 809 1 It -PRON- PRP 32855 809 2 is be VBZ 32855 809 3 doubtful doubtful JJ 32855 809 4 that that IN 32855 809 5 staggered stagger VBD 32855 809 6 hatching hatching NN 32855 809 7 has have VBZ 32855 809 8 adaptive adaptive JJ 32855 809 9 significance significance NN 32855 809 10 in in IN 32855 809 11 the the DT 32855 809 12 Bell Bell NNP 32855 809 13 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 809 14 , , , 32855 809 15 since since IN 32855 809 16 there there EX 32855 809 17 seems seem VBZ 32855 809 18 to to TO 32855 809 19 be be VB 32855 809 20 no no DT 32855 809 21 shortage shortage NN 32855 809 22 of of IN 32855 809 23 food food NN 32855 809 24 for for IN 32855 809 25 the the DT 32855 809 26 young young JJ 32855 809 27 . . . 32855 810 1 In in IN 32855 810 2 small small JJ 32855 810 3 passerines passerine NNS 32855 810 4 such such JJ 32855 810 5 as as IN 32855 810 6 the the DT 32855 810 7 Bell Bell NNP 32855 810 8 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 810 9 the the DT 32855 810 10 principal principal JJ 32855 810 11 problem problem NN 32855 810 12 is be VBZ 32855 810 13 to to TO 32855 810 14 insure insure VB 32855 810 15 fledging fledge VBG 32855 810 16 as as RB 32855 810 17 quickly quickly RB 32855 810 18 as as IN 32855 810 19 possible possible JJ 32855 810 20 because because IN 32855 810 21 of of IN 32855 810 22 the the DT 32855 810 23 danger danger NN 32855 810 24 from from IN 32855 810 25 predators predator NNS 32855 810 26 . . . 32855 811 1 _ _ NNP 32855 811 2 Development Development NNP 32855 811 3 of of IN 32855 811 4 the the DT 32855 811 5 Nestlings Nestlings NNP 32855 811 6 _ _ NNP 32855 811 7 Young Young NNP 32855 811 8 are be VBP 32855 811 9 pinkish pinkish JJ 32855 811 10 at at IN 32855 811 11 hatching hatching NN 32855 811 12 and and CC 32855 811 13 devoid devoid JJ 32855 811 14 of of IN 32855 811 15 visible visible JJ 32855 811 16 natal natal JJ 32855 811 17 down down RB 32855 811 18 . . . 32855 812 1 Du Du NNP 32855 812 2 Bois Bois NNP 32855 812 3 ( ( -LRB- 32855 812 4 _ _ NNP 32855 812 5 in in IN 32855 812 6 _ _ NNP 32855 812 7 Wetherbee Wetherbee NNP 32855 812 8 , , , 32855 812 9 1957:380 1957:380 CD 32855 812 10 ) ) -RRB- 32855 812 11 , , , 32855 812 12 inspected inspect VBN 32855 812 13 day day NN 32855 812 14 - - HYPH 32855 812 15 old old JJ 32855 812 16 nestlings nestling NNS 32855 812 17 by by IN 32855 812 18 means mean NNS 32855 812 19 of of IN 32855 812 20 a a DT 32855 812 21 magnifying magnify VBG 32855 812 22 glass glass NN 32855 812 23 and and CC 32855 812 24 was be VBD 32855 812 25 unable unable JJ 32855 812 26 to to TO 32855 812 27 detect detect VB 32855 812 28 any any DT 32855 812 29 down down NN 32855 812 30 . . . 32855 813 1 Nolan Nolan NNP 32855 813 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 813 3 1960:236 1960:236 CD 32855 813 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 813 5 also also RB 32855 813 6 indicates indicate VBZ 32855 813 7 that that IN 32855 813 8 the the DT 32855 813 9 young young JJ 32855 813 10 are be VBP 32855 813 11 naked naked JJ 32855 813 12 at at IN 32855 813 13 birth birth NN 32855 813 14 and and CC 32855 813 15 that that IN 32855 813 16 the the DT 32855 813 17 " " `` 32855 813 18 body body NN 32855 813 19 color color NN 32855 813 20 is be VBZ 32855 813 21 between between IN 32855 813 22 flesh flesh NN 32855 813 23 and and CC 32855 813 24 rufous rufous JJ 32855 813 25 except except IN 32855 813 26 where where WRB 32855 813 27 folds fold NNS 32855 813 28 of of IN 32855 813 29 the the DT 32855 813 30 straw straw NN 32855 813 31 yellow yellow NNP 32855 813 32 skin skin NN 32855 813 33 obscure obscure VBP 32855 813 34 the the DT 32855 813 35 underlying underlie VBG 32855 813 36 colors color NNS 32855 813 37 . . . 32855 813 38 " " '' 32855 814 1 The the DT 32855 814 2 Hutton Hutton NNP 32855 814 3 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 814 4 ( ( -LRB- 32855 814 5 _ _ NNP 32855 814 6 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 814 7 huttoni huttoni JJ 32855 814 8 _ _ NNP 32855 814 9 ) ) -RRB- 32855 814 10 is be VBZ 32855 814 11 essentially essentially RB 32855 814 12 naked naked JJ 32855 814 13 at at IN 32855 814 14 birth birth NN 32855 814 15 , , , 32855 814 16 save save VB 32855 814 17 for for IN 32855 814 18 sparse sparse JJ 32855 814 19 hairlike hairlike RB 32855 814 20 down down RB 32855 814 21 on on IN 32855 814 22 the the DT 32855 814 23 head head NN 32855 814 24 and and CC 32855 814 25 back back RB 32855 814 26 ( ( -LRB- 32855 814 27 Wetherbee Wetherbee NNP 32855 814 28 , , , 32855 814 29 1953:380 1953:380 CD 32855 814 30 ) ) -RRB- 32855 814 31 . . . 32855 815 1 The the DT 32855 815 2 Red red JJ 32855 815 3 - - HYPH 32855 815 4 eyed eye VBN 32855 815 5 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 815 6 , , , 32855 815 7 according accord VBG 32855 815 8 to to IN 32855 815 9 Lawrence Lawrence NNP 32855 815 10 ( ( -LRB- 32855 815 11 1953:67 1953:67 CD 32855 815 12 ) ) -RRB- 32855 815 13 is be VBZ 32855 815 14 naked naked JJ 32855 815 15 at at IN 32855 815 16 birth birth NN 32855 815 17 save save NN 32855 815 18 for for IN 32855 815 19 a a DT 32855 815 20 sparse sparse JJ 32855 815 21 covering covering NN 32855 815 22 of of IN 32855 815 23 greyish greyish NN 32855 815 24 natal natal NNP 32855 815 25 down down RB 32855 815 26 , , , 32855 815 27 on on IN 32855 815 28 the the DT 32855 815 29 head head NN 32855 815 30 , , , 32855 815 31 shoulders shoulder NNS 32855 815 32 , , , 32855 815 33 and and CC 32855 815 34 back back RB 32855 815 35 . . . 32855 816 1 In in IN 32855 816 2 the the DT 32855 816 3 Bell Bell NNP 32855 816 4 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 816 5 the the DT 32855 816 6 pterylae pteryla NNS 32855 816 7 darken darken VBD 32855 816 8 slightly slightly RB 32855 816 9 on on IN 32855 816 10 the the DT 32855 816 11 second second JJ 32855 816 12 day day NN 32855 816 13 and and CC 32855 816 14 the the DT 32855 816 15 color color NN 32855 816 16 becomes become VBZ 32855 816 17 more more RBR 32855 816 18 intense intense JJ 32855 816 19 daily daily NN 32855 816 20 until until IN 32855 816 21 the the DT 32855 816 22 quills quill NNS 32855 816 23 of of IN 32855 816 24 the the DT 32855 816 25 dorsal dorsal NN 32855 816 26 tracts tract NNS 32855 816 27 , , , 32855 816 28 the the DT 32855 816 29 wings wing NNS 32855 816 30 , , , 32855 816 31 and and CC 32855 816 32 the the DT 32855 816 33 tail tail NN 32855 816 34 break break NN 32855 816 35 from from IN 32855 816 36 their -PRON- PRP$ 32855 816 37 sheaths sheath NNS 32855 816 38 on on IN 32855 816 39 the the DT 32855 816 40 sixth sixth JJ 32855 816 41 day day NN 32855 816 42 . . . 32855 817 1 In in IN 32855 817 2 Red red JJ 32855 817 3 - - HYPH 32855 817 4 eyed eyed JJ 32855 817 5 Vireos Vireos NNP 32855 817 6 the the DT 32855 817 7 pterylae pteryla NNS 32855 817 8 darken darken VBN 32855 817 9 by by IN 32855 817 10 the the DT 32855 817 11 end end NN 32855 817 12 of of IN 32855 817 13 the the DT 32855 817 14 first first JJ 32855 817 15 day day NN 32855 817 16 and and CC 32855 817 17 the the DT 32855 817 18 quills quill NNS 32855 817 19 break break VBP 32855 817 20 through through IN 32855 817 21 the the DT 32855 817 22 skin skin NN 32855 817 23 on on IN 32855 817 24 the the DT 32855 817 25 fifth fifth JJ 32855 817 26 day day NN 32855 817 27 , , , 32855 817 28 erupting erupt VBG 32855 817 29 from from IN 32855 817 30 the the DT 32855 817 31 sheaths sheath NNS 32855 817 32 by by IN 32855 817 33 the the DT 32855 817 34 seventh seventh JJ 32855 817 35 day day NN 32855 817 36 ( ( -LRB- 32855 817 37 Lawrence Lawrence NNP 32855 817 38 , , , 32855 817 39 1953:67 1953:67 CD 32855 817 40 ) ) -RRB- 32855 817 41 . . . 32855 818 1 From from IN 32855 818 2 the the DT 32855 818 3 first first JJ 32855 818 4 day day NN 32855 818 5 the the DT 32855 818 6 young young JJ 32855 818 7 are be VBP 32855 818 8 able able JJ 32855 818 9 to to TO 32855 818 10 squeak squeak VB 32855 818 11 . . . 32855 819 1 Poking poke VBG 32855 819 2 a a DT 32855 819 3 young young JJ 32855 819 4 bird bird NN 32855 819 5 was be VBD 32855 819 6 sufficient sufficient JJ 32855 819 7 to to TO 32855 819 8 elicit elicit VB 32855 819 9 this this DT 32855 819 10 sound sound NN 32855 819 11 , , , 32855 819 12 phonetically phonetically RB 32855 819 13 a a DT 32855 819 14 nasal nasal NN 32855 819 15 _ _ NNP 32855 819 16 peek peek NN 32855 819 17 _ _ NNP 32855 819 18 . . . 32855 820 1 The the DT 32855 820 2 only only JJ 32855 820 3 other other JJ 32855 820 4 vocalization vocalization NN 32855 820 5 noted note VBN 32855 820 6 throughout throughout IN 32855 820 7 the the DT 32855 820 8 nestling nestling JJ 32855 820 9 period period NN 32855 820 10 was be VBD 32855 820 11 an an DT 32855 820 12 abbreviated abbreviate VBN 32855 820 13 _ _ NNP 32855 820 14 chee chee NNP 32855 820 15 _ _ NNP 32855 820 16 . . . 32855 821 1 For for IN 32855 821 2 the the DT 32855 821 3 first first JJ 32855 821 4 three three CD 32855 821 5 days day NNS 32855 821 6 tapping tap VBG 32855 821 7 the the DT 32855 821 8 nest nest NN 32855 821 9 or or CC 32855 821 10 even even RB 32855 821 11 movement movement NN 32855 821 12 of of IN 32855 821 13 it -PRON- PRP 32855 821 14 caused cause VBN 32855 821 15 by by IN 32855 821 16 wind wind NN 32855 821 17 would would MD 32855 821 18 elicit elicit VB 32855 821 19 begging beg VBG 32855 821 20 . . . 32855 822 1 By by IN 32855 822 2 the the DT 32855 822 3 fifth fifth JJ 32855 822 4 day day NN 32855 822 5 at at IN 32855 822 6 nest nest NN 32855 822 7 2-a 2-a CD 32855 822 8 ( ( -LRB- 32855 822 9 1959 1959 CD 32855 822 10 ) ) -RRB- 32855 822 11 only only RB 32855 822 12 vigorous vigorous JJ 32855 822 13 agitation agitation NN 32855 822 14 of of IN 32855 822 15 the the DT 32855 822 16 branch branch NN 32855 822 17 to to TO 32855 822 18 which which WDT 32855 822 19 the the DT 32855 822 20 nest nest NN 32855 822 21 was be VBD 32855 822 22 attached attach VBN 32855 822 23 evoked evoke VBD 32855 822 24 any any DT 32855 822 25 response response NN 32855 822 26 . . . 32855 823 1 At at IN 32855 823 2 this this DT 32855 823 3 nest nest NN 32855 823 4 on on IN 32855 823 5 June June NNP 32855 823 6 16 16 CD 32855 823 7 , , , 32855 823 8 1959 1959 CD 32855 823 9 , , , 32855 823 10 one one CD 32855 823 11 young young NNP 32855 823 12 begged beg VBD 32855 823 13 while while IN 32855 823 14 the the DT 32855 823 15 other other JJ 32855 823 16 cowered cowered NN 32855 823 17 . . . 32855 824 1 Cowering cowering NN 32855 824 2 is be VBZ 32855 824 3 correlated correlate VBN 32855 824 4 with with IN 32855 824 5 opening opening NN 32855 824 6 of of IN 32855 824 7 the the DT 32855 824 8 eyes eye NNS 32855 824 9 , , , 32855 824 10 as as IN 32855 824 11 the the DT 32855 824 12 young young JJ 32855 824 13 bird bird NN 32855 824 14 that that WDT 32855 824 15 begged beg VBD 32855 824 16 had have VBD 32855 824 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 32855 824 18 eyes eye NNS 32855 824 19 only only RB 32855 824 20 partly partly RB 32855 824 21 open open JJ 32855 824 22 . . . 32855 825 1 Both both DT 32855 825 2 young young JJ 32855 825 3 cowered cower VBD 32855 825 4 on on IN 32855 825 5 June June NNP 32855 825 6 19 19 CD 32855 825 7 , , , 32855 825 8 1959 1959 CD 32855 825 9 . . . 32855 826 1 Table table NN 32855 826 2 9 9 CD 32855 826 3 summarizes summarize VBZ 32855 826 4 the the DT 32855 826 5 maturation maturation NN 32855 826 6 of of IN 32855 826 7 the the DT 32855 826 8 nestling nestle VBG 32855 826 9 Bell Bell NNP 32855 826 10 Vireos Vireos NNP 32855 826 11 . . . 32855 827 1 TABLE TABLE NNP 32855 827 2 9 9 CD 32855 827 3 . . . 32855 828 1 MATURATION MATURATION NNP 32855 828 2 OF of IN 32855 828 3 NESTLING NESTLING NNP 32855 828 4 BELL BELL NNP 32855 828 5 VIREOS VIREOS NNP 32855 828 6 . . . 32855 829 1 THE the DT 32855 829 2 FIRST FIRST NNP 32855 829 3 DAY DAY NNP 32855 829 4 THAT that IN 32855 829 5 AN an DT 32855 829 6 ACTIVITY activity NN 32855 829 7 WAS be VBD 32855 829 8 OBSERVED observe VBN 32855 829 9 IS be VBZ 32855 829 10 SHOWN show VBN 32855 829 11 . . . 32855 830 1 = = NFP 32855 830 2 = = NFP 32855 830 3 = = SYM 32855 830 4 = = SYM 32855 830 5 = = SYM 32855 830 6 = = SYM 32855 830 7 = = SYM 32855 830 8 = = SYM 32855 830 9 = = SYM 32855 830 10 = = SYM 32855 830 11 = = SYM 32855 830 12 = = SYM 32855 830 13 = = SYM 32855 830 14 = = SYM 32855 830 15 = = SYM 32855 830 16 = = SYM 32855 830 17 = = SYM 32855 830 18 = = SYM 32855 830 19 = = SYM 32855 830 20 = = SYM 32855 830 21 = = SYM 32855 830 22 = = SYM 32855 830 23 = = SYM 32855 830 24 = = SYM 32855 830 25 = = SYM 32855 830 26 = = SYM 32855 830 27 = = SYM 32855 830 28 = = SYM 32855 830 29 = = SYM 32855 830 30 = = SYM 32855 830 31 = = SYM 32855 830 32 = = SYM 32855 830 33 = = SYM 32855 830 34 = = SYM 32855 830 35 = = SYM 32855 830 36 = = SYM 32855 830 37 = = SYM 32855 830 38 = = SYM 32855 830 39 = = SYM 32855 830 40 = = SYM 32855 830 41 = = SYM 32855 830 42 = = SYM 32855 830 43 = = SYM 32855 830 44 = = SYM 32855 830 45 = = SYM 32855 830 46 = = SYM 32855 830 47 = = SYM 32855 830 48 = = SYM 32855 830 49 = = SYM 32855 830 50 = = SYM 32855 830 51 = = SYM 32855 830 52 = = SYM 32855 830 53 = = SYM 32855 830 54 = = SYM 32855 830 55 = = SYM 32855 830 56 = = SYM 32855 830 57 = = SYM 32855 830 58 = = SYM 32855 830 59 = = SYM 32855 830 60 = = SYM 32855 830 61 = = SYM 32855 830 62 = = SYM 32855 830 63 = = SYM 32855 830 64 = = SYM 32855 830 65 = = SYM 32855 830 66 = = SYM 32855 830 67 | | NNP 32855 830 68 Day Day NNP 32855 830 69 of of IN 32855 830 70 nestling nestle VBG 32855 830 71 life life NN 32855 830 72 + + SYM 32855 830 73 ---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+----+---- ---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+----+---- NFP 32855 830 74 | | NNP 32855 830 75 1 1 CD 32855 830 76 | | CD 32855 830 77 2 2 CD 32855 830 78 | | CD 32855 830 79 3 3 CD 32855 830 80 | | CD 32855 830 81 4 4 CD 32855 830 82 | | CD 32855 830 83 5 5 CD 32855 830 84 | | CD 32855 830 85 6 6 CD 32855 830 86 | | CD 32855 830 87 7 7 CD 32855 830 88 | | CD 32855 830 89 8 8 CD 32855 830 90 | | CD 32855 830 91 9 9 CD 32855 830 92 | | CD 32855 830 93 10 10 CD 32855 830 94 | | CD 32855 830 95 11 11 CD 32855 830 96 --------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+----+---- --------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+----+---- CD 32855 830 97 | | CD 32855 830 98 | | CD 32855 830 99 | | CD 32855 830 100 | | CD 32855 830 101 | | CD 32855 830 102 | | CD 32855 830 103 | | CD 32855 830 104 | | CD 32855 830 105 | | CD 32855 830 106 | | CD 32855 830 107 | | NNP 32855 830 108 Eyes eye NNS 32855 830 109 open open JJ 32855 830 110 | | NNP 32855 830 111 | | NNP 32855 830 112 | | CD 32855 830 113 | | NNP 32855 830 114 x x SYM 32855 830 115 | | CD 32855 830 116 | | CD 32855 830 117 | | CD 32855 830 118 | | CD 32855 830 119 | | CD 32855 830 120 | | CD 32855 830 121 | | NNP 32855 830 122 Feathers feather NNS 32855 830 123 erupt erupt VB 32855 830 124 | | CD 32855 830 125 | | CD 32855 830 126 | | CD 32855 830 127 | | CD 32855 830 128 | | NNP 32855 830 129 x x SYM 32855 830 130 | | CD 32855 830 131 | | CD 32855 830 132 | | CD 32855 830 133 | | CD 32855 830 134 | | CD 32855 830 135 | | NNP 32855 830 136 Sound sound NN 32855 830 137 : : : 32855 830 138 Squeak Squeak NNP 32855 830 139 | | NNP 32855 830 140 x x SYM 32855 830 141 | | NNP 32855 830 142 | | CD 32855 830 143 | | CD 32855 830 144 | | CD 32855 830 145 | | CD 32855 830 146 | | CD 32855 830 147 | | CD 32855 830 148 | | CD 32855 830 149 | | CD 32855 830 150 | | NNP 32855 830 151 _ _ NNP 32855 830 152 Chee Chee NNP 32855 830 153 _ _ NNP 32855 830 154 | | NNP 32855 830 155 | | NNP 32855 830 156 | | NNP 32855 830 157 | | NNP 32855 830 158 x x SYM 32855 830 159 | | CD 32855 830 160 | | CD 32855 830 161 | | CD 32855 830 162 | | CD 32855 830 163 | | CD 32855 830 164 | | CD 32855 830 165 | | NNP 32855 830 166 Begging Begging NNP 32855 830 167 | | NNP 32855 830 168 x x SYM 32855 830 169 | | CD 32855 830 170 | | CD 32855 830 171 | | CD 32855 830 172 | | CD 32855 830 173 | | CD 32855 830 174 | | CD 32855 830 175 | | CD 32855 830 176 | | CD 32855 830 177 | | CD 32855 830 178 | | NNP 32855 830 179 Cowering Cowering NNP 32855 830 180 | | NNP 32855 830 181 | | CD 32855 830 182 | | CD 32855 830 183 | | CD 32855 830 184 | | CD 32855 830 185 | | CD 32855 830 186 | | CD 32855 830 187 | | NNP 32855 830 188 x x SYM 32855 830 189 | | CD 32855 830 190 | | CD 32855 830 191 | | NNP 32855 830 192 Head Head NNP 32855 830 193 scratching scratching NN 32855 830 194 and and CC 32855 830 195 | | NNP 32855 830 196 | | NNP 32855 830 197 | | CD 32855 830 198 | | CD 32855 830 199 | | CD 32855 830 200 | | CD 32855 830 201 | | CD 32855 830 202 | | CD 32855 830 203 | | CD 32855 830 204 | | CD 32855 830 205 | | NNP 32855 830 206 Preening Preening NNP 32855 830 207 | | NNP 32855 830 208 | | CD 32855 830 209 | | CD 32855 830 210 | | CD 32855 830 211 | | CD 32855 830 212 | | CD 32855 830 213 | | CD 32855 830 214 | | CD 32855 830 215 | | NNP 32855 830 216 x x SYM 32855 830 217 | | CD 32855 830 218 | | NNP 32855 830 219 Hopping Hopping NNP 32855 830 220 to to TO 32855 830 221 rim rim VB 32855 830 222 of of IN 32855 830 223 | | NNP 32855 830 224 | | NNP 32855 830 225 | | CD 32855 830 226 | | CD 32855 830 227 | | CD 32855 830 228 | | CD 32855 830 229 | | CD 32855 830 230 | | CD 32855 830 231 | | CD 32855 830 232 | | CD 32855 830 233 | | CD 32855 830 234 nest nest NN 32855 830 235 | | NNP 32855 830 236 | | CD 32855 830 237 | | CD 32855 830 238 | | CD 32855 830 239 | | CD 32855 830 240 | | CD 32855 830 241 | | CD 32855 830 242 | | CD 32855 830 243 | | NNP 32855 830 244 x x SYM 32855 830 245 | | CD 32855 830 246 | | NNP 32855 830 247 Fledging Fledging NNP 32855 830 248 | | HYPH 32855 830 249 | | NNP 32855 830 250 | | CD 32855 830 251 | | CD 32855 830 252 | | CD 32855 830 253 | | CD 32855 830 254 | | CD 32855 830 255 | | CD 32855 830 256 | | CD 32855 830 257 | | CD 32855 830 258 |x[G |x[g CD 32855 830 259 ] ] -RRB- 32855 830 260 --------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+----+---- --------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+----+---- NFP 32855 830 261 [ [ -LRB- 32855 830 262 G g NN 32855 830 263 ] ] -RRB- 32855 830 264 This this DT 32855 830 265 is be VBZ 32855 830 266 the the DT 32855 830 267 commonest common JJS 32855 830 268 fledging fledging JJ 32855 830 269 day day NN 32855 830 270 . . . 32855 831 1 _ _ NNP 32855 831 2 Parental Parental NNP 32855 831 3 Behavior Behavior NNP 32855 831 4 _ _ NNP 32855 831 5 No no DT 32855 831 6 eggshells eggshell NNS 32855 831 7 were be VBD 32855 831 8 found find VBN 32855 831 9 in in IN 32855 831 10 nests nest NNS 32855 831 11 on on IN 32855 831 12 the the DT 32855 831 13 days day NNS 32855 831 14 of of IN 32855 831 15 hatching hatching NN 32855 831 16 . . . 32855 832 1 Presumably presumably RB 32855 832 2 they -PRON- PRP 32855 832 3 had have VBD 32855 832 4 been be VBN 32855 832 5 removed remove VBN 32855 832 6 by by IN 32855 832 7 the the DT 32855 832 8 parents parent NNS 32855 832 9 . . . 32855 833 1 Nolan Nolan NNP 32855 833 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 833 3 1960:234 1960:234 CD 32855 833 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 833 5 indicates indicate VBZ 32855 833 6 immediate immediate JJ 32855 833 7 disposition disposition NN 32855 833 8 of of IN 32855 833 9 the the DT 32855 833 10 eggshell eggshell NN 32855 833 11 after after IN 32855 833 12 hatching hatching NN 32855 833 13 . . . 32855 834 1 Lawrence Lawrence NNP 32855 834 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 834 3 1953:62 1953:62 CD 32855 834 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 834 5 suggests suggest VBZ 32855 834 6 that that IN 32855 834 7 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 32855 834 8 removal removal NN 32855 834 9 of of IN 32855 834 10 eggshells eggshell NNS 32855 834 11 by by IN 32855 834 12 the the DT 32855 834 13 female female JJ 32855 834 14 Red red JJ 32855 834 15 - - HYPH 32855 834 16 eyed eyed JJ 32855 834 17 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 834 18 informs inform VBZ 32855 834 19 the the DT 32855 834 20 male male NN 32855 834 21 that that WDT 32855 834 22 the the DT 32855 834 23 young young JJ 32855 834 24 have have VBP 32855 834 25 hatched hatch VBN 32855 834 26 . . . 32855 835 1 Both both DT 32855 835 2 sexes sex NNS 32855 835 3 brood brood NN 32855 835 4 and and CC 32855 835 5 the the DT 32855 835 6 exchange exchange NN 32855 835 7 of of IN 32855 835 8 partners partner NNS 32855 835 9 resembles resemble VBZ 32855 835 10 that that WDT 32855 835 11 described describe VBD 32855 835 12 for for IN 32855 835 13 the the DT 32855 835 14 incubation incubation NN 32855 835 15 period period NN 32855 835 16 . . . 32855 836 1 Decrease Decrease NNP 32855 836 2 in in IN 32855 836 3 brooding brood VBG 32855 836 4 in in IN 32855 836 5 the the DT 32855 836 6 daytime daytime NN 32855 836 7 begins begin VBZ 32855 836 8 about about IN 32855 836 9 the the DT 32855 836 10 sixth sixth JJ 32855 836 11 day day NN 32855 836 12 of of IN 32855 836 13 nestling nestle VBG 32855 836 14 life life NN 32855 836 15 . . . 32855 837 1 Nolan Nolan NNP 32855 837 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 837 3 1960:235 1960:235 CD 32855 837 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 837 5 reports report VBZ 32855 837 6 a a DT 32855 837 7 sharp sharp JJ 32855 837 8 decrease decrease NN 32855 837 9 in in IN 32855 837 10 brooding brood VBG 32855 837 11 when when WRB 32855 837 12 the the DT 32855 837 13 oldest old JJS 32855 837 14 nestlings nestling NNS 32855 837 15 are be VBP 32855 837 16 seven seven CD 32855 837 17 days day NNS 32855 837 18 old old JJ 32855 837 19 . . . 32855 838 1 Brooding brood VBG 32855 838 2 decreases decrease VBZ 32855 838 3 notably notably RB 32855 838 4 on on IN 32855 838 5 the the DT 32855 838 6 sixth sixth JJ 32855 838 7 day day NN 32855 838 8 of of IN 32855 838 9 nestling nestle VBG 32855 838 10 life life NN 32855 838 11 in in IN 32855 838 12 the the DT 32855 838 13 Red red JJ 32855 838 14 - - HYPH 32855 838 15 eyed eyed JJ 32855 838 16 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 838 17 ( ( -LRB- 32855 838 18 Lawrence Lawrence NNP 32855 838 19 , , , 32855 838 20 1953:62 1953:62 CD 32855 838 21 ) ) -RRB- 32855 838 22 . . . 32855 839 1 Nice Nice NNP 32855 839 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 839 3 1929:17 1929:17 NNP 32855 839 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 839 5 , , , 32855 839 6 Hensley Hensley NNP 32855 839 7 ( ( -LRB- 32855 839 8 1950:244 1950:244 CD 32855 839 9 ) ) -RRB- 32855 839 10 , , , 32855 839 11 and and CC 32855 839 12 Nolan Nolan NNP 32855 839 13 ( ( -LRB- 32855 839 14 1960:235 1960:235 CD 32855 839 15 ) ) -RRB- 32855 839 16 report report VB 32855 839 17 that that IN 32855 839 18 the the DT 32855 839 19 female female JJ 32855 839 20 Bell Bell NNP 32855 839 21 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 839 22 assumes assume VBZ 32855 839 23 a a DT 32855 839 24 slightly slightly RB 32855 839 25 greater great JJR 32855 839 26 role role NN 32855 839 27 in in IN 32855 839 28 brooding brood VBG 32855 839 29 than than IN 32855 839 30 the the DT 32855 839 31 male male NN 32855 839 32 . . . 32855 840 1 Apparent apparent JJ 32855 840 2 sun sun NN 32855 840 3 - - HYPH 32855 840 4 shading shading NNP 32855 840 5 was be VBD 32855 840 6 noted note VBN 32855 840 7 at at IN 32855 840 8 nest nest NN 32855 840 9 3-b 3-b CD 32855 840 10 ( ( -LRB- 32855 840 11 1959 1959 CD 32855 840 12 ) ) -RRB- 32855 840 13 at at IN 32855 840 14 2:00 2:00 CD 32855 840 15 p.m. p.m. NN 32855 840 16 on on IN 32855 840 17 June June NNP 32855 840 18 17 17 CD 32855 840 19 , , , 32855 840 20 1959 1959 CD 32855 840 21 , , , 32855 840 22 on on IN 32855 840 23 the the DT 32855 840 24 fifth fifth JJ 32855 840 25 day day NN 32855 840 26 of of IN 32855 840 27 the the DT 32855 840 28 nestling nestling NN 32855 840 29 period period NN 32855 840 30 . . . 32855 841 1 The the DT 32855 841 2 nest nest NN 32855 841 3 contained contain VBD 32855 841 4 three three CD 32855 841 5 young young JJ 32855 841 6 . . . 32855 842 1 An an DT 32855 842 2 adult adult NN 32855 842 3 flew fly VBD 32855 842 4 to to IN 32855 842 5 the the DT 32855 842 6 nest nest NN 32855 842 7 ; ; : 32855 842 8 while while IN 32855 842 9 standing stand VBG 32855 842 10 on on IN 32855 842 11 its -PRON- PRP$ 32855 842 12 rim rim NN 32855 842 13 the the DT 32855 842 14 bird bird NN 32855 842 15 dipped dip VBD 32855 842 16 its -PRON- PRP$ 32855 842 17 head head NN 32855 842 18 into into IN 32855 842 19 the the DT 32855 842 20 nest nest NN 32855 842 21 six six CD 32855 842 22 times time NNS 32855 842 23 , , , 32855 842 24 afterward afterward RB 32855 842 25 appeared appear VBD 32855 842 26 to to TO 32855 842 27 be be VB 32855 842 28 eating eat VBG 32855 842 29 a a DT 32855 842 30 fecal fecal JJ 32855 842 31 sac sac NN 32855 842 32 , , , 32855 842 33 than than IN 32855 842 34 shifted shifted JJ 32855 842 35 position position NN 32855 842 36 to to IN 32855 842 37 the the DT 32855 842 38 unattached unattached JJ 32855 842 39 portion portion NN 32855 842 40 of of IN 32855 842 41 the the DT 32855 842 42 rim rim NN 32855 842 43 , , , 32855 842 44 gaped gape VBD 32855 842 45 three three CD 32855 842 46 times time NNS 32855 842 47 , , , 32855 842 48 thereupon thereupon RB 32855 842 49 spread spread VBD 32855 842 50 its -PRON- PRP$ 32855 842 51 wings wing NNS 32855 842 52 , , , 32855 842 53 and and CC 32855 842 54 sat sit VBD 32855 842 55 motionless motionless JJ 32855 842 56 35 35 CD 32855 842 57 minutes minute NNS 32855 842 58 . . . 32855 843 1 In in IN 32855 843 2 this this DT 32855 843 3 attitude attitude NN 32855 843 4 it -PRON- PRP 32855 843 5 formed form VBD 32855 843 6 an an DT 32855 843 7 effective effective JJ 32855 843 8 shield shield NN 32855 843 9 sheltering shelter VBG 32855 843 10 the the DT 32855 843 11 young young JJ 32855 843 12 from from IN 32855 843 13 direct direct JJ 32855 843 14 sunlight sunlight NN 32855 843 15 penetrating penetrate VBG 32855 843 16 the the DT 32855 843 17 thin thin JJ 32855 843 18 foliage foliage NN 32855 843 19 of of IN 32855 843 20 the the DT 32855 843 21 honey honey NN 32855 843 22 locust locust NN 32855 843 23 in in IN 32855 843 24 which which WDT 32855 843 25 the the DT 32855 843 26 nest nest NN 32855 843 27 was be VBD 32855 843 28 situated situate VBN 32855 843 29 . . . 32855 844 1 The the DT 32855 844 2 temperature temperature NN 32855 844 3 at at IN 32855 844 4 this this DT 32855 844 5 time time NN 32855 844 6 was be VBD 32855 844 7 95 95â CD 32855 844 8 ° ° , 32855 844 9 F. F. NNP 32855 844 10 , , , 32855 844 11 but but CC 32855 844 12 the the DT 32855 844 13 sky sky NN 32855 844 14 was be VBD 32855 844 15 partly partly RB 32855 844 16 cloudy cloudy JJ 32855 844 17 . . . 32855 845 1 By by IN 32855 845 2 2:30 2:30 CD 32855 845 3 p.m. p.m. NN 32855 845 4 the the DT 32855 845 5 sky sky NN 32855 845 6 had have VBD 32855 845 7 become become VBN 32855 845 8 overcast overcast JJ 32855 845 9 and and CC 32855 845 10 the the DT 32855 845 11 sun sun NN 32855 845 12 passed pass VBD 32855 845 13 behind behind RP 32855 845 14 a a DT 32855 845 15 cloud cloud NN 32855 845 16 . . . 32855 846 1 Although although IN 32855 846 2 sunlight sunlight NN 32855 846 3 no no RB 32855 846 4 longer long RBR 32855 846 5 fell fall VBD 32855 846 6 directly directly RB 32855 846 7 upon upon IN 32855 846 8 the the DT 32855 846 9 nest nest NN 32855 846 10 , , , 32855 846 11 the the DT 32855 846 12 bird bird NN 32855 846 13 remained remain VBD 32855 846 14 in in IN 32855 846 15 the the DT 32855 846 16 shielding shielding NN 32855 846 17 posture posture NN 32855 846 18 for for IN 32855 846 19 another another DT 32855 846 20 five five CD 32855 846 21 minutes minute NNS 32855 846 22 before before IN 32855 846 23 flying fly VBG 32855 846 24 from from IN 32855 846 25 its -PRON- PRP$ 32855 846 26 perch perch NN 32855 846 27 . . . 32855 847 1 Sun Sun NNP 32855 847 2 - - HYPH 32855 847 3 shading shading NNP 32855 847 4 was be VBD 32855 847 5 not not RB 32855 847 6 observed observe VBN 32855 847 7 at at IN 32855 847 8 either either DT 32855 847 9 of of IN 32855 847 10 the the DT 32855 847 11 other other JJ 32855 847 12 nests nest NNS 32855 847 13 containing contain VBG 32855 847 14 young young JJ 32855 847 15 ; ; : 32855 847 16 dense dense JJ 32855 847 17 overhead overhead JJ 32855 847 18 vegetation vegetation NN 32855 847 19 protected protect VBD 32855 847 20 those those DT 32855 847 21 nests nest NNS 32855 847 22 . . . 32855 848 1 Sun Sun NNP 32855 848 2 - - HYPH 32855 848 3 shading shading NNP 32855 848 4 has have VBZ 32855 848 5 been be VBN 32855 848 6 noted note VBN 32855 848 7 in in IN 32855 848 8 other other JJ 32855 848 9 species specie NNS 32855 848 10 where where WRB 32855 848 11 the the DT 32855 848 12 nest nest NN 32855 848 13 was be VBD 32855 848 14 poorly poorly RB 32855 848 15 protected protect VBN 32855 848 16 from from IN 32855 848 17 the the DT 32855 848 18 sun sun NN 32855 848 19 . . . 32855 849 1 Lawrence Lawrence NNP 32855 849 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 849 3 1953:62 1953:62 CD 32855 849 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 849 5 observed observe VBD 32855 849 6 this this DT 32855 849 7 behavior behavior NN 32855 849 8 at at IN 32855 849 9 two two CD 32855 849 10 Red red JJ 32855 849 11 - - HYPH 32855 849 12 eyed eyed JJ 32855 849 13 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 849 14 nests nest NNS 32855 849 15 in in IN 32855 849 16 conifers conifer NNS 32855 849 17 . . . 32855 850 1 The the DT 32855 850 2 " " `` 32855 850 3 sun sun NN 32855 850 4 - - HYPH 32855 850 5 shield shield NN 32855 850 6 " " '' 32855 850 7 posture posture NN 32855 850 8 of of IN 32855 850 9 the the DT 32855 850 10 Bell Bell NNP 32855 850 11 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 850 12 does do VBZ 32855 850 13 not not RB 32855 850 14 correspond correspond VB 32855 850 15 to to IN 32855 850 16 any any DT 32855 850 17 of of IN 32855 850 18 the the DT 32855 850 19 sunning sun VBG 32855 850 20 postures posture NNS 32855 850 21 described describe VBN 32855 850 22 by by IN 32855 850 23 Hauser Hauser NNP 32855 850 24 ( ( -LRB- 32855 850 25 1957 1957 CD 32855 850 26 ) ) -RRB- 32855 850 27 . . . 32855 851 1 _ _ NNP 32855 851 2 Feeding Feeding NNP 32855 851 3 of of IN 32855 851 4 the the DT 32855 851 5 Nestlings Nestlings NNP 32855 851 6 _ _ NNP 32855 851 7 Both both DT 32855 851 8 sexes sex NNS 32855 851 9 fed feed VBD 32855 851 10 the the DT 32855 851 11 young young JJ 32855 851 12 , , , 32855 851 13 and and CC 32855 851 14 presumably presumably RB 32855 851 15 began begin VBD 32855 851 16 shortly shortly RB 32855 851 17 after after IN 32855 851 18 the the DT 32855 851 19 first first JJ 32855 851 20 nestling nestling NN 32855 851 21 hatched hatch VBN 32855 851 22 . . . 32855 852 1 My -PRON- PRP$ 32855 852 2 data datum NNS 32855 852 3 indicate indicate VBP 32855 852 4 that that IN 32855 852 5 the the DT 32855 852 6 female female NN 32855 852 7 does do VBZ 32855 852 8 more more JJR 32855 852 9 feeding feeding NN 32855 852 10 than than IN 32855 852 11 the the DT 32855 852 12 male male NN 32855 852 13 ( ( -LRB- 32855 852 14 Table table NN 32855 852 15 10 10 CD 32855 852 16 ) ) -RRB- 32855 852 17 ; ; : 32855 852 18 in in IN 32855 852 19 about about RB 32855 852 20 eight eight CD 32855 852 21 hours hour NNS 32855 852 22 of of IN 32855 852 23 observation observation NN 32855 852 24 a a DT 32855 852 25 total total NN 32855 852 26 of of IN 32855 852 27 67 67 CD 32855 852 28 morsels morsel NNS 32855 852 29 were be VBD 32855 852 30 brought bring VBN 32855 852 31 , , , 32855 852 32 43 43 CD 32855 852 33 by by IN 32855 852 34 the the DT 32855 852 35 female female NN 32855 852 36 and and CC 32855 852 37 24 24 CD 32855 852 38 by by IN 32855 852 39 the the DT 32855 852 40 male male NN 32855 852 41 , , , 32855 852 42 for for IN 32855 852 43 an an DT 32855 852 44 average average NN 32855 852 45 of of IN 32855 852 46 once once RB 32855 852 47 every every DT 32855 852 48 7.6 7.6 CD 32855 852 49 minutes minute NNS 32855 852 50 . . . 32855 853 1 Nice Nice NNP 32855 853 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 853 3 1929:17 1929:17 NNP 32855 853 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 853 5 , , , 32855 853 6 however however RB 32855 853 7 , , , 32855 853 8 observed observe VBD 32855 853 9 a a DT 32855 853 10 male male NN 32855 853 11 to to TO 32855 853 12 bring bring VB 32855 853 13 food food NN 32855 853 14 53 53 CD 32855 853 15 times time NNS 32855 853 16 as as IN 32855 853 17 compared compare VBN 32855 853 18 to to IN 32855 853 19 21 21 CD 32855 853 20 visits visit NNS 32855 853 21 by by IN 32855 853 22 the the DT 32855 853 23 female female NN 32855 853 24 . . . 32855 854 1 In in IN 32855 854 2 five five CD 32855 854 3 and and CC 32855 854 4 one one CD 32855 854 5 - - HYPH 32855 854 6 half half NN 32855 854 7 hours hour NNS 32855 854 8 of of IN 32855 854 9 watching watching NN 32855 854 10 , , , 32855 854 11 meals meal NNS 32855 854 12 were be VBD 32855 854 13 brought bring VBN 32855 854 14 once once RB 32855 854 15 every every DT 32855 854 16 4.9 4.9 CD 32855 854 17 minutes minute NNS 32855 854 18 . . . 32855 855 1 Du Du NNP 32855 855 2 Bois Bois NNP 32855 855 3 ( ( -LRB- 32855 855 4 _ _ NNP 32855 855 5 in in IN 32855 855 6 _ _ NNP 32855 855 7 Bent Bent NNP 32855 855 8 , , , 32855 855 9 1950:257 1950:257 CD 32855 855 10 ) ) -RRB- 32855 855 11 recorded record VBD 32855 855 12 seven seven CD 32855 855 13 trips trip NNS 32855 855 14 in in IN 32855 855 15 an an DT 32855 855 16 hour hour NN 32855 855 17 and and CC 32855 855 18 forty forty CD 32855 855 19 minutes minute NNS 32855 855 20 , , , 32855 855 21 or or CC 32855 855 22 one one CD 32855 855 23 every every DT 32855 855 24 fourteen fourteen CD 32855 855 25 minutes minute NNS 32855 855 26 . . . 32855 856 1 At at IN 32855 856 2 three three CD 32855 856 3 nests nest NNS 32855 856 4 containing contain VBG 32855 856 5 young young JJ 32855 856 6 the the DT 32855 856 7 adults adult NNS 32855 856 8 were be VBD 32855 856 9 sometimes sometimes RB 32855 856 10 silent silent JJ 32855 856 11 and and CC 32855 856 12 sometimes sometimes RB 32855 856 13 vocal vocal JJ 32855 856 14 on on IN 32855 856 15 their -PRON- PRP$ 32855 856 16 approach approach NN 32855 856 17 . . . 32855 857 1 The the DT 32855 857 2 female female NN 32855 857 3 often often RB 32855 857 4 emitted emit VBD 32855 857 5 a a DT 32855 857 6 subdued subdue VBN 32855 857 7 _ _ NNP 32855 857 8 chee chee NNP 32855 857 9 _ _ NNP 32855 857 10 which which WDT 32855 857 11 , , , 32855 857 12 coupled couple VBN 32855 857 13 with with IN 32855 857 14 the the DT 32855 857 15 vibration vibration NN 32855 857 16 of of IN 32855 857 17 the the DT 32855 857 18 nest nest NN 32855 857 19 caused cause VBN 32855 857 20 by by IN 32855 857 21 her -PRON- PRP$ 32855 857 22 arrival arrival NN 32855 857 23 , , , 32855 857 24 elicited elicit VBD 32855 857 25 begging beg VBG 32855 857 26 behavior behavior NN 32855 857 27 from from IN 32855 857 28 the the DT 32855 857 29 young young JJ 32855 857 30 . . . 32855 858 1 None none NN 32855 858 2 of of IN 32855 858 3 the the DT 32855 858 4 males male NNS 32855 858 5 was be VBD 32855 858 6 heard hear VBN 32855 858 7 to to IN 32855 858 8 utter utter VB 32855 858 9 such such PDT 32855 858 10 a a DT 32855 858 11 call call NN 32855 858 12 , , , 32855 858 13 but but CC 32855 858 14 I -PRON- PRP 32855 858 15 have have VBP 32855 858 16 the the DT 32855 858 17 impression impression NN 32855 858 18 that that IN 32855 858 19 they -PRON- PRP 32855 858 20 often often RB 32855 858 21 did do VBD 32855 858 22 call call VB 32855 858 23 although although IN 32855 858 24 I -PRON- PRP 32855 858 25 failed fail VBD 32855 858 26 to to TO 32855 858 27 hear hear VB 32855 858 28 the the DT 32855 858 29 sounds sound NNS 32855 858 30 . . . 32855 859 1 The the DT 32855 859 2 males male NNS 32855 859 3 did do VBD 32855 859 4 , , , 32855 859 5 on on IN 32855 859 6 occasion occasion NN 32855 859 7 , , , 32855 859 8 sing sing VB 32855 859 9 several several JJ 32855 859 10 songs song NNS 32855 859 11 as as IN 32855 859 12 they -PRON- PRP 32855 859 13 approached approach VBD 32855 859 14 , , , 32855 859 15 even even RB 32855 859 16 with with IN 32855 859 17 food food NN 32855 859 18 held hold VBN 32855 859 19 in in IN 32855 859 20 their -PRON- PRP$ 32855 859 21 beaks beak NNS 32855 859 22 . . . 32855 860 1 Such such JJ 32855 860 2 singing singing NN 32855 860 3 elicited elicit VBD 32855 860 4 begging beg VBG 32855 860 5 from from IN 32855 860 6 the the DT 32855 860 7 nestlings nestling NNS 32855 860 8 . . . 32855 861 1 Once once IN 32855 861 2 the the DT 32855 861 3 eyes eye NNS 32855 861 4 of of IN 32855 861 5 the the DT 32855 861 6 young young JJ 32855 861 7 were be VBD 32855 861 8 open open JJ 32855 861 9 they -PRON- PRP 32855 861 10 often often RB 32855 861 11 began begin VBD 32855 861 12 begging beg VBG 32855 861 13 when when WRB 32855 861 14 a a DT 32855 861 15 silent silent JJ 32855 861 16 adult adult NN 32855 861 17 was be VBD 32855 861 18 within within IN 32855 861 19 two two CD 32855 861 20 or or CC 32855 861 21 three three CD 32855 861 22 feet foot NNS 32855 861 23 of of IN 32855 861 24 the the DT 32855 861 25 nest nest NN 32855 861 26 ; ; : 32855 861 27 begging beg VBG 32855 861 28 behavior behavior NN 32855 861 29 probably probably RB 32855 861 30 is be VBZ 32855 861 31 elicited elicit VBN 32855 861 32 by by IN 32855 861 33 tactile tactile NN 32855 861 34 , , , 32855 861 35 auditory auditory JJ 32855 861 36 or or CC 32855 861 37 visual visual JJ 32855 861 38 stimuli stimulus NNS 32855 861 39 in in IN 32855 861 40 that that DT 32855 861 41 order order NN 32855 861 42 , , , 32855 861 43 or or CC 32855 861 44 , , , 32855 861 45 as as IN 32855 861 46 the the DT 32855 861 47 nestling nestle VBG 32855 861 48 period period NN 32855 861 49 proceeds proceed NNS 32855 861 50 , , , 32855 861 51 by by IN 32855 861 52 any any DT 32855 861 53 combination combination NN 32855 861 54 of of IN 32855 861 55 these these DT 32855 861 56 stimuli stimulus NNS 32855 861 57 . . . 32855 862 1 TABLE TABLE NNP 32855 862 2 10 10 CD 32855 862 3 . . . 32855 863 1 FEEDING feeding NN 32855 863 2 OF of IN 32855 863 3 THE the DT 32855 863 4 NESTLINGS NESTLINGS NNP 32855 863 5 . . . 32855 864 1 = = NFP 32855 864 2 = = NFP 32855 864 3 = = SYM 32855 864 4 = = SYM 32855 864 5 = = SYM 32855 864 6 = = SYM 32855 864 7 = = SYM 32855 864 8 = = SYM 32855 864 9 = = SYM 32855 864 10 = = SYM 32855 864 11 = = SYM 32855 864 12 = = SYM 32855 864 13 = = SYM 32855 864 14 = = SYM 32855 864 15 = = SYM 32855 864 16 = = SYM 32855 864 17 = = SYM 32855 864 18 = = SYM 32855 864 19 = = SYM 32855 864 20 = = SYM 32855 864 21 = = SYM 32855 864 22 = = SYM 32855 864 23 = = SYM 32855 864 24 = = SYM 32855 864 25 = = SYM 32855 864 26 = = SYM 32855 864 27 = = SYM 32855 864 28 = = SYM 32855 864 29 = = SYM 32855 864 30 = = SYM 32855 864 31 = = SYM 32855 864 32 = = SYM 32855 864 33 = = SYM 32855 864 34 = = SYM 32855 864 35 = = SYM 32855 864 36 = = SYM 32855 864 37 = = SYM 32855 864 38 = = SYM 32855 864 39 = = SYM 32855 864 40 = = SYM 32855 864 41 = = SYM 32855 864 42 = = SYM 32855 864 43 = = SYM 32855 864 44 = = SYM 32855 864 45 = = SYM 32855 864 46 = = SYM 32855 864 47 = = SYM 32855 864 48 = = SYM 32855 864 49 = = SYM 32855 864 50 = = NFP 32855 864 51 = = NFP 32855 864 52 = = NFP 32855 864 53 Day Day NNP 32855 864 54 of of IN 32855 864 55 | | NNP 32855 864 56 Length Length NNP 32855 864 57 of of IN 32855 864 58 | | JJ 32855 864 59 Adult Adult NNP 32855 864 60 involved involved JJ 32855 864 61 nestling nestling NN 32855 864 62 period period NN 32855 864 63 | | NNS 32855 864 64 observation observation NN 32855 864 65 + + SYM 32855 864 66 ---------+--------- ---------+--------- HYPH 32855 864 67 | | NNP 32855 864 68 | | NNP 32855 864 69 Male Male NNP 32855 864 70 | | NNP 32855 864 71 Female Female NNP 32855 864 72 -----------------+--------------+---------+--------- -----------------+--------------+---------+--------- : 32855 864 73 1 1 CD 32855 864 74 | | CD 32855 864 75 30 30 CD 32855 864 76 min min NN 32855 864 77 . . . 32855 865 1 | | NNP 32855 865 2 3 3 CD 32855 865 3 | | CD 32855 865 4 5 5 CD 32855 865 5 2 2 CD 32855 865 6 | | CD 32855 865 7 60 60 CD 32855 865 8 min min NN 32855 865 9 . . . 32855 866 1 | | NNP 32855 866 2 1 1 CD 32855 866 3 | | CD 32855 866 4 4 4 CD 32855 866 5 3 3 CD 32855 866 6 | | CD 32855 866 7 60 60 CD 32855 866 8 min min NN 32855 866 9 . . . 32855 867 1 | | NNP 32855 867 2 2 2 CD 32855 867 3 | | CD 32855 867 4 5 5 CD 32855 867 5 4 4 CD 32855 867 6 | | CD 32855 867 7 30 30 CD 32855 867 8 min min NN 32855 867 9 . . . 32855 868 1 | | NNP 32855 868 2 1 1 CD 32855 868 3 | | CD 32855 868 4 4 4 CD 32855 868 5 7 7 CD 32855 868 6 | | CD 32855 868 7 60 60 CD 32855 868 8 min min NN 32855 868 9 . . . 32855 869 1 | | NNP 32855 869 2 4 4 CD 32855 869 3 | | CD 32855 869 4 7 7 CD 32855 869 5 2 2 CD 32855 869 6 | | CD 32855 869 7 60 60 CD 32855 869 8 min min NN 32855 869 9 . . . 32855 870 1 | | NNP 32855 870 2 3 3 CD 32855 870 3 | | CD 32855 870 4 3 3 CD 32855 870 5 6 6 CD 32855 870 6 | | CD 32855 870 7 60 60 CD 32855 870 8 min min NN 32855 870 9 . . . 32855 871 1 | | NNP 32855 871 2 3 3 CD 32855 871 3 | | CD 32855 871 4 6 6 CD 32855 871 5 7 7 CD 32855 871 6 | | CD 32855 871 7 30 30 CD 32855 871 8 min min NN 32855 871 9 . . . 32855 872 1 | | NNP 32855 872 2 3 3 CD 32855 872 3 | | CD 32855 872 4 3 3 CD 32855 872 5 9 9 CD 32855 872 6 | | CD 32855 872 7 60 60 CD 32855 872 8 min min NN 32855 872 9 . . . 32855 873 1 | | NNP 32855 873 2 4 4 CD 32855 873 3 | | CD 32855 873 4 6 6 CD 32855 873 5 + + SYM 32855 873 6 --------------+---------+--------- --------------+---------+--------- NFP 32855 873 7 Totals totals NN 32855 873 8 | | NNP 32855 873 9 510 510 CD 32855 873 10 min min NN 32855 873 11 . . . 32855 874 1 | | NNP 32855 874 2 24 24 CD 32855 874 3 | | CD 32855 874 4 43 43 CD 32855 874 5 -----------------+--------------+---------+--------- -----------------+--------------+---------+--------- CD 32855 874 6 Not not RB 32855 874 7 all all DT 32855 874 8 trips trip NNS 32855 874 9 made make VBN 32855 874 10 by by IN 32855 874 11 parents parent NNS 32855 874 12 resulted result VBD 32855 874 13 in in IN 32855 874 14 successful successful JJ 32855 874 15 feeding feeding NN 32855 874 16 of of IN 32855 874 17 young young JJ 32855 874 18 ; ; : 32855 874 19 some some DT 32855 874 20 visits visit NNS 32855 874 21 seemed seem VBD 32855 874 22 to to TO 32855 874 23 be be VB 32855 874 24 purely purely RB 32855 874 25 for for IN 32855 874 26 inspecting inspect VBG 32855 874 27 the the DT 32855 874 28 young young JJ 32855 874 29 . . . 32855 875 1 On on IN 32855 875 2 other other JJ 32855 875 3 occasions occasion NNS 32855 875 4 the the DT 32855 875 5 adults adult NNS 32855 875 6 experienced experience VBD 32855 875 7 difficulty difficulty NN 32855 875 8 in in IN 32855 875 9 transferring transfer VBG 32855 875 10 food food NN 32855 875 11 to to IN 32855 875 12 the the DT 32855 875 13 young young JJ 32855 875 14 , , , 32855 875 15 and and CC 32855 875 16 , , , 32855 875 17 thus thus RB 32855 875 18 thwarted thwart VBN 32855 875 19 , , , 32855 875 20 would would MD 32855 875 21 themselves -PRON- PRP 32855 875 22 eat eat VB 32855 875 23 the the DT 32855 875 24 food food NN 32855 875 25 . . . 32855 876 1 Nice Nice NNP 32855 876 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 876 3 1929:17 1929:17 NNP 32855 876 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 876 5 estimated estimate VBD 32855 876 6 that that IN 32855 876 7 from from IN 32855 876 8 five five CD 32855 876 9 to to TO 32855 876 10 twelve twelve CD 32855 876 11 of of IN 32855 876 12 a a DT 32855 876 13 total total NN 32855 876 14 of of IN 32855 876 15 seventy seventy CD 32855 876 16 - - HYPH 32855 876 17 five five CD 32855 876 18 meals meal NNS 32855 876 19 were be VBD 32855 876 20 eaten eat VBN 32855 876 21 by by IN 32855 876 22 adults adult NNS 32855 876 23 . . . 32855 877 1 _ _ NNP 32855 877 2 Nest Nest NNP 32855 877 3 Sanitation Sanitation NNP 32855 877 4 _ _ IN 32855 877 5 Both both DT 32855 877 6 parents parent NNS 32855 877 7 regularly regularly RB 32855 877 8 removed remove VBD 32855 877 9 fecal fecal JJ 32855 877 10 sacs sac NNS 32855 877 11 from from IN 32855 877 12 the the DT 32855 877 13 nest nest NN 32855 877 14 , , , 32855 877 15 eating eat VBG 32855 877 16 them -PRON- PRP 32855 877 17 for for IN 32855 877 18 the the DT 32855 877 19 first first JJ 32855 877 20 five five CD 32855 877 21 days day NNS 32855 877 22 and and CC 32855 877 23 thereafter thereafter RB 32855 877 24 carrying carry VBG 32855 877 25 them -PRON- PRP 32855 877 26 off off RP 32855 877 27 and and CC 32855 877 28 presumably presumably RB 32855 877 29 dropping drop VBG 32855 877 30 them -PRON- PRP 32855 877 31 . . . 32855 878 1 It -PRON- PRP 32855 878 2 is be VBZ 32855 878 3 doubtful doubtful JJ 32855 878 4 that that IN 32855 878 5 fecal fecal JJ 32855 878 6 sacs sac NNS 32855 878 7 were be VBD 32855 878 8 actively actively RB 32855 878 9 removed remove VBN 32855 878 10 in in IN 32855 878 11 the the DT 32855 878 12 last last JJ 32855 878 13 two two CD 32855 878 14 days day NNS 32855 878 15 of of IN 32855 878 16 nestling nestle VBG 32855 878 17 life life NN 32855 878 18 as as IN 32855 878 19 the the DT 32855 878 20 bottoms bottom NNS 32855 878 21 of of IN 32855 878 22 nests nest NNS 32855 878 23 from from IN 32855 878 24 which which WDT 32855 878 25 young young NNP 32855 878 26 flew fly VBD 32855 878 27 away away RB 32855 878 28 were be VBD 32855 878 29 invariably invariably RB 32855 878 30 covered cover VBN 32855 878 31 with with IN 32855 878 32 excrement excrement NN 32855 878 33 . . . 32855 879 1 On on IN 32855 879 2 several several JJ 32855 879 3 occasions occasion NNS 32855 879 4 a a DT 32855 879 5 parent parent NN 32855 879 6 brought bring VBD 32855 879 7 food food NN 32855 879 8 to to IN 32855 879 9 the the DT 32855 879 10 nest nest NN 32855 879 11 and and CC 32855 879 12 then then RB 32855 879 13 remained remain VBD 32855 879 14 perched perched JJ 32855 879 15 on on IN 32855 879 16 the the DT 32855 879 17 rim rim NN 32855 879 18 alternately alternately RB 32855 879 19 peering peer VBG 32855 879 20 into into IN 32855 879 21 the the DT 32855 879 22 nest nest NN 32855 879 23 and and CC 32855 879 24 then then RB 32855 879 25 preening preen VBG 32855 879 26 . . . 32855 880 1 Once once IN 32855 880 2 bill bill NN 32855 880 3 swiping swipe VBG 32855 880 4 was be VBD 32855 880 5 observed observe VBN 32855 880 6 and and CC 32855 880 7 another another DT 32855 880 8 time time NN 32855 880 9 an an DT 32855 880 10 adult adult NN 32855 880 11 male male NN 32855 880 12 sang sing VBD 32855 880 13 once once RB 32855 880 14 . . . 32855 881 1 The the DT 32855 881 2 adult adult NN 32855 881 3 remained remain VBD 32855 881 4 at at IN 32855 881 5 the the DT 32855 881 6 nest nest NN 32855 881 7 from from IN 32855 881 8 twenty twenty CD 32855 881 9 seconds second NNS 32855 881 10 to to IN 32855 881 11 a a DT 32855 881 12 full full JJ 32855 881 13 minute minute NN 32855 881 14 . . . 32855 882 1 _ _ NNP 32855 882 2 Fledging Fledging NNP 32855 882 3 _ _ NNP 32855 882 4 Eight eight CD 32855 882 5 young young JJ 32855 882 6 were be VBD 32855 882 7 fledged fledge VBN 32855 882 8 from from IN 32855 882 9 the the DT 32855 882 10 four four CD 32855 882 11 nests nest NNS 32855 882 12 in in IN 32855 882 13 1959 1959 CD 32855 882 14 . . . 32855 883 1 The the DT 32855 883 2 nestling nestling JJ 32855 883 3 period period NN 32855 883 4 lasted last VBD 32855 883 5 from from IN 32855 883 6 nine nine CD 32855 883 7 to to TO 32855 883 8 twelve twelve CD 32855 883 9 days day NNS 32855 883 10 . . . 32855 884 1 Human human JJ 32855 884 2 interference interference NN 32855 884 3 may may MD 32855 884 4 have have VB 32855 884 5 been be VBN 32855 884 6 largely largely RB 32855 884 7 responsible responsible JJ 32855 884 8 for for IN 32855 884 9 the the DT 32855 884 10 fledging fledge VBG 32855 884 11 of of IN 32855 884 12 the the DT 32855 884 13 young young JJ 32855 884 14 at at IN 32855 884 15 nine nine CD 32855 884 16 days day NNS 32855 884 17 . . . 32855 885 1 Pitelka Pitelka NNP 32855 885 2 and and CC 32855 885 3 Koestner Koestner NNP 32855 885 4 ( ( -LRB- 32855 885 5 1942:100 1942:100 CD 32855 885 6 ) ) -RRB- 32855 885 7 found find VBD 32855 885 8 nestling nestle VBG 32855 885 9 life life NN 32855 885 10 to to IN 32855 885 11 last last JJ 32855 885 12 eleven eleven CD 32855 885 13 days day NNS 32855 885 14 . . . 32855 886 1 Nolan Nolan NNP 32855 886 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 886 3 1960:235 1960:235 CD 32855 886 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 886 5 reports report VBZ 32855 886 6 nestling nestle VBG 32855 886 7 periods period NNS 32855 886 8 varying vary VBG 32855 886 9 from from IN 32855 886 10 10.5 10.5 CD 32855 886 11 to to TO 32855 886 12 12 12 CD 32855 886 13 days day NNS 32855 886 14 . . . 32855 887 1 The the DT 32855 887 2 young young JJ 32855 887 3 Red red JJ 32855 887 4 - - HYPH 32855 887 5 eyed eyed JJ 32855 887 6 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 887 7 is be VBZ 32855 887 8 ready ready JJ 32855 887 9 to to TO 32855 887 10 leave leave VB 32855 887 11 the the DT 32855 887 12 nest nest NN 32855 887 13 at at IN 32855 887 14 ten ten CD 32855 887 15 days day NNS 32855 887 16 but but CC 32855 887 17 often often RB 32855 887 18 remains remain VBZ 32855 887 19 an an DT 32855 887 20 additional additional JJ 32855 887 21 day day NN 32855 887 22 before before IN 32855 887 23 departing depart VBG 32855 887 24 ( ( -LRB- 32855 887 25 Lawrence Lawrence NNP 32855 887 26 , , , 32855 887 27 1953:68 1953:68 CD 32855 887 28 ) ) -RRB- 32855 887 29 . . . 32855 888 1 The the DT 32855 888 2 oldest old JJS 32855 888 3 nestling nestling NN 32855 888 4 at at IN 32855 888 5 nest nest NN 32855 888 6 2-a 2-a CD 32855 888 7 ( ( -LRB- 32855 888 8 1959 1959 CD 32855 888 9 ) ) -RRB- 32855 888 10 hopped hop VBD 32855 888 11 out out RP 32855 888 12 on on IN 32855 888 13 June June NNP 32855 888 14 17 17 CD 32855 888 15 , , , 32855 888 16 1959 1959 CD 32855 888 17 , , , 32855 888 18 when when WRB 32855 888 19 I -PRON- PRP 32855 888 20 disturbed disturb VBD 32855 888 21 the the DT 32855 888 22 parents parent NNS 32855 888 23 . . . 32855 889 1 On on IN 32855 889 2 this this DT 32855 889 3 date date NN 32855 889 4 the the DT 32855 889 5 juvenal juvenal JJ 32855 889 6 plumage plumage NN 32855 889 7 was be VBD 32855 889 8 only only RB 32855 889 9 partly partly RB 32855 889 10 developed develop VBN 32855 889 11 and and CC 32855 889 12 the the DT 32855 889 13 young young JJ 32855 889 14 bird bird NN 32855 889 15 was be VBD 32855 889 16 incapable incapable JJ 32855 889 17 of of IN 32855 889 18 flight flight NN 32855 889 19 . . . 32855 890 1 By by IN 32855 890 2 the the DT 32855 890 3 tenth tenth JJ 32855 890 4 day day NN 32855 890 5 of of IN 32855 890 6 nestling nestle VBG 32855 890 7 life life NN 32855 890 8 the the DT 32855 890 9 young young JJ 32855 890 10 in in IN 32855 890 11 all all PDT 32855 890 12 the the DT 32855 890 13 nests nest NNS 32855 890 14 were be VBD 32855 890 15 observed observe VBN 32855 890 16 to to TO 32855 890 17 hop hop VB 32855 890 18 to to IN 32855 890 19 the the DT 32855 890 20 rim rim NN 32855 890 21 , , , 32855 890 22 flutter flutter VB 32855 890 23 their -PRON- PRP$ 32855 890 24 wings wing NNS 32855 890 25 , , , 32855 890 26 hop hop VB 32855 890 27 back back RB 32855 890 28 into into IN 32855 890 29 the the DT 32855 890 30 nest nest NN 32855 890 31 and and CC 32855 890 32 also also RB 32855 890 33 to to IN 32855 890 34 preen preen VB 32855 890 35 and and CC 32855 890 36 scratch scratch VB 32855 890 37 their -PRON- PRP$ 32855 890 38 heads head NNS 32855 890 39 . . . 32855 891 1 The the DT 32855 891 2 young young JJ 32855 891 3 at at IN 32855 891 4 fledging fledge VBG 32855 891 5 are be VBP 32855 891 6 usually usually RB 32855 891 7 completely completely RB 32855 891 8 feathered feather VBN 32855 891 9 , , , 32855 891 10 but but CC 32855 891 11 have have VBP 32855 891 12 notably notably RB 32855 891 13 short short JJ 32855 891 14 tails tail NNS 32855 891 15 and and CC 32855 891 16 relatively relatively RB 32855 891 17 short short JJ 32855 891 18 , , , 32855 891 19 stubby stubby JJ 32855 891 20 wings wing NNS 32855 891 21 . . . 32855 892 1 According accord VBG 32855 892 2 to to IN 32855 892 3 Ridgeway Ridgeway NNP 32855 892 4 ( ( -LRB- 32855 892 5 1904:205 1904:205 CD 32855 892 6 ) ) -RRB- 32855 892 7 the the DT 32855 892 8 juvenal juvenal JJ 32855 892 9 plumage plumage NN 32855 892 10 is be VBZ 32855 892 11 much much RB 32855 892 12 like like IN 32855 892 13 that that DT 32855 892 14 of of IN 32855 892 15 the the DT 32855 892 16 adult adult NN 32855 892 17 . . . 32855 893 1 _ _ NNP 32855 893 2 Nest Nest NNP 32855 893 3 Parasites Parasites NNPS 32855 893 4 _ _ NNP 32855 893 5 Pitelka Pitelka NNP 32855 893 6 and and CC 32855 893 7 Koestner Koestner NNP 32855 893 8 ( ( -LRB- 32855 893 9 1942:103 1942:103 CD 32855 893 10 ) ) -RRB- 32855 893 11 found find VBD 32855 893 12 that that IN 32855 893 13 incubating incubate VBG 32855 893 14 adults adult NNS 32855 893 15 and and CC 32855 893 16 later later RBR 32855 893 17 the the DT 32855 893 18 young young JJ 32855 893 19 suffered suffer VBN 32855 893 20 infestation infestation NN 32855 893 21 of of IN 32855 893 22 the the DT 32855 893 23 northern northern JJ 32855 893 24 fowl fowl NNP 32855 893 25 mite mite NNP 32855 893 26 , , , 32855 893 27 _ _ NNP 32855 893 28 Ornithonyseus Ornithonyseus NNP 32855 893 29 sylviarum sylviarum NN 32855 893 30 _ _ NNP 32855 893 31 . . . 32855 894 1 Nolan Nolan NNP 32855 894 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 894 3 1960:241 1960:241 CD 32855 894 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 894 5 reports report VBZ 32855 894 6 a a DT 32855 894 7 heavy heavy JJ 32855 894 8 infestation infestation NN 32855 894 9 of of IN 32855 894 10 this this DT 32855 894 11 mite mite NN 32855 894 12 at at IN 32855 894 13 four four CD 32855 894 14 nests nest NNS 32855 894 15 . . . 32855 895 1 Unidentified unidentified JJ 32855 895 2 mites mite NNS 32855 895 3 were be VBD 32855 895 4 noted note VBN 32855 895 5 at at IN 32855 895 6 four four CD 32855 895 7 nests nest NNS 32855 895 8 in in IN 32855 895 9 my -PRON- PRP$ 32855 895 10 study study NN 32855 895 11 area area NN 32855 895 12 in in IN 32855 895 13 1959 1959 CD 32855 895 14 . . . 32855 896 1 Incubating incubate VBG 32855 896 2 adults adult NNS 32855 896 3 were be VBD 32855 896 4 observed observe VBN 32855 896 5 to to TO 32855 896 6 peck peck VB 32855 896 7 at at IN 32855 896 8 their -PRON- PRP$ 32855 896 9 breasts breast NNS 32855 896 10 and and CC 32855 896 11 scapulars scapular NNS 32855 896 12 from from IN 32855 896 13 the the DT 32855 896 14 eleventh eleventh JJ 32855 896 15 through through IN 32855 896 16 the the DT 32855 896 17 fourteenth fourteenth JJ 32855 896 18 day day NN 32855 896 19 of of IN 32855 896 20 incubation incubation NN 32855 896 21 . . . 32855 897 1 Serious serious JJ 32855 897 2 infestations infestation NNS 32855 897 3 were be VBD 32855 897 4 not not RB 32855 897 5 noted note VBN 32855 897 6 at at IN 32855 897 7 the the DT 32855 897 8 nests nest NNS 32855 897 9 until until IN 32855 897 10 the the DT 32855 897 11 ninth ninth JJ 32855 897 12 day day NN 32855 897 13 of of IN 32855 897 14 nestling nestle VBG 32855 897 15 life life NN 32855 897 16 . . . 32855 898 1 At at IN 32855 898 2 this this DT 32855 898 3 time time NN 32855 898 4 the the DT 32855 898 5 young young JJ 32855 898 6 were be VBD 32855 898 7 observed observe VBN 32855 898 8 to to TO 32855 898 9 scratch scratch VB 32855 898 10 their -PRON- PRP$ 32855 898 11 heads head NNS 32855 898 12 and and CC 32855 898 13 peck peck VB 32855 898 14 at at IN 32855 898 15 their -PRON- PRP$ 32855 898 16 breasts breast NNS 32855 898 17 , , , 32855 898 18 scapulars scapular NNS 32855 898 19 , , , 32855 898 20 and and CC 32855 898 21 the the DT 32855 898 22 base base NN 32855 898 23 of of IN 32855 898 24 their -PRON- PRP$ 32855 898 25 tails tail NNS 32855 898 26 . . . 32855 899 1 On on IN 32855 899 2 the the DT 32855 899 3 day day NN 32855 899 4 of of IN 32855 899 5 fledging fledge VBG 32855 899 6 the the DT 32855 899 7 nests nest NNS 32855 899 8 were be VBD 32855 899 9 a a DT 32855 899 10 seething seething JJ 32855 899 11 mass mass NN 32855 899 12 of of IN 32855 899 13 crawling crawling NN 32855 899 14 mites mite NNS 32855 899 15 ; ; : 32855 899 16 the the DT 32855 899 17 mites mite NNS 32855 899 18 also also RB 32855 899 19 extended extend VBD 32855 899 20 well well RB 32855 899 21 up up IN 32855 899 22 the the DT 32855 899 23 branches branch NNS 32855 899 24 to to TO 32855 899 25 which which WDT 32855 899 26 the the DT 32855 899 27 nests nest NNS 32855 899 28 were be VBD 32855 899 29 attached attach VBN 32855 899 30 . . . 32855 900 1 Nest nest NN 32855 900 2 1-a 1-a CD 32855 900 3 ( ( -LRB- 32855 900 4 1959 1959 CD 32855 900 5 ) ) -RRB- 32855 900 6 , , , 32855 900 7 which which WDT 32855 900 8 was be VBD 32855 900 9 discovered discover VBN 32855 900 10 on on IN 32855 900 11 June June NNP 32855 900 12 18 18 CD 32855 900 13 , , , 32855 900 14 1959 1959 CD 32855 900 15 , , , 32855 900 16 presumably presumably RB 32855 900 17 on on IN 32855 900 18 the the DT 32855 900 19 day day NN 32855 900 20 after after IN 32855 900 21 fledging fledge VBG 32855 900 22 , , , 32855 900 23 was be VBD 32855 900 24 densely densely RB 32855 900 25 covered cover VBN 32855 900 26 with with IN 32855 900 27 mites mite NNS 32855 900 28 . . . 32855 901 1 Some some DT 32855 901 2 mites mite NNS 32855 901 3 were be VBD 32855 901 4 still still RB 32855 901 5 crawling crawl VBG 32855 901 6 on on IN 32855 901 7 this this DT 32855 901 8 nest nest NN 32855 901 9 on on IN 32855 901 10 June June NNP 32855 901 11 20 20 CD 32855 901 12 , , , 32855 901 13 1959 1959 CD 32855 901 14 . . . 32855 902 1 FLEDGLING fledgling JJ 32855 902 2 LIFE life NN 32855 902 3 On on IN 32855 902 4 June June NNP 32855 902 5 20 20 CD 32855 902 6 , , , 32855 902 7 1959 1959 CD 32855 902 8 I -PRON- PRP 32855 902 9 located locate VBD 32855 902 10 one one CD 32855 902 11 young young JJ 32855 902 12 80 80 CD 32855 902 13 feet foot NNS 32855 902 14 northeast northeast RB 32855 902 15 of of IN 32855 902 16 nest nest NN 32855 902 17 2-a 2-a CD 32855 902 18 ( ( -LRB- 32855 902 19 1959 1959 CD 32855 902 20 ) ) -RRB- 32855 902 21 , , , 32855 902 22 about about RB 32855 902 23 five five CD 32855 902 24 hours hour NNS 32855 902 25 after after IN 32855 902 26 it -PRON- PRP 32855 902 27 had have VBD 32855 902 28 left leave VBN 32855 902 29 the the DT 32855 902 30 nest nest NN 32855 902 31 . . . 32855 903 1 One one CD 32855 903 2 parent parent NN 32855 903 3 was be VBD 32855 903 4 observed observe VBN 32855 903 5 to to TO 32855 903 6 feed feed VB 32855 903 7 it -PRON- PRP 32855 903 8 once once RB 32855 903 9 . . . 32855 904 1 No no DT 32855 904 2 young young JJ 32855 904 3 were be VBD 32855 904 4 seen see VBN 32855 904 5 thereafter thereafter RB 32855 904 6 from from IN 32855 904 7 this this DT 32855 904 8 or or CC 32855 904 9 any any DT 32855 904 10 other other JJ 32855 904 11 nest nest NN 32855 904 12 . . . 32855 905 1 Extreme extreme JJ 32855 905 2 agitation agitation NN 32855 905 3 on on IN 32855 905 4 the the DT 32855 905 5 part part NN 32855 905 6 of of IN 32855 905 7 one one CD 32855 905 8 or or CC 32855 905 9 both both DT 32855 905 10 parents parent NNS 32855 905 11 on on IN 32855 905 12 several several JJ 32855 905 13 occasions occasion NNS 32855 905 14 shortly shortly RB 32855 905 15 thereafter thereafter RB 32855 905 16 , , , 32855 905 17 however however RB 32855 905 18 , , , 32855 905 19 suggested suggest VBD 32855 905 20 the the DT 32855 905 21 proximity proximity NN 32855 905 22 of of IN 32855 905 23 the the DT 32855 905 24 young young JJ 32855 905 25 . . . 32855 906 1 Search search VB 32855 906 2 in in IN 32855 906 3 the the DT 32855 906 4 immediate immediate JJ 32855 906 5 vicinity vicinity NN 32855 906 6 on on IN 32855 906 7 each each DT 32855 906 8 of of IN 32855 906 9 these these DT 32855 906 10 occasions occasion NNS 32855 906 11 proved prove VBD 32855 906 12 fruitless fruitless JJ 32855 906 13 . . . 32855 907 1 Three three CD 32855 907 2 days day NNS 32855 907 3 after after IN 32855 907 4 fledging fledge VBG 32855 907 5 their -PRON- PRP$ 32855 907 6 young young JJ 32855 907 7 , , , 32855 907 8 pair pair VB 32855 907 9 2 2 CD 32855 907 10 ( ( -LRB- 32855 907 11 1959 1959 CD 32855 907 12 ) ) -RRB- 32855 907 13 was be VBD 32855 907 14 primarily primarily RB 32855 907 15 occupied occupy VBN 32855 907 16 with with IN 32855 907 17 courtship courtship NN 32855 907 18 activities activity NNS 32855 907 19 . . . 32855 908 1 Pair pair NN 32855 908 2 1 1 CD 32855 908 3 ( ( -LRB- 32855 908 4 1959 1959 CD 32855 908 5 ) ) -RRB- 32855 908 6 was be VBD 32855 908 7 involved involve VBN 32855 908 8 in in IN 32855 908 9 courtship courtship NN 32855 908 10 and and CC 32855 908 11 nestbuilding nestbuilde VBG 32855 908 12 one one CD 32855 908 13 and and CC 32855 908 14 one one CD 32855 908 15 - - HYPH 32855 908 16 half half NN 32855 908 17 days day NNS 32855 908 18 after after IN 32855 908 19 the the DT 32855 908 20 apparent apparent JJ 32855 908 21 fledging fledging NN 32855 908 22 of of IN 32855 908 23 their -PRON- PRP$ 32855 908 24 young young JJ 32855 908 25 . . . 32855 909 1 Nolan Nolan NNP 32855 909 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 909 3 1960:238 1960:238 CD 32855 909 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 909 5 indicates indicate VBZ 32855 909 6 that that IN 32855 909 7 the the DT 32855 909 8 young young JJ 32855 909 9 remain remain VBP 32855 909 10 within within IN 32855 909 11 the the DT 32855 909 12 territory territory NN 32855 909 13 and and CC 32855 909 14 perhaps perhaps RB 32855 909 15 are be VBP 32855 909 16 fed feed VBN 32855 909 17 by by IN 32855 909 18 the the DT 32855 909 19 parents parent NNS 32855 909 20 up up RP 32855 909 21 until until IN 32855 909 22 an an DT 32855 909 23 age age NN 32855 909 24 of of IN 32855 909 25 about about RB 32855 909 26 40 40 CD 32855 909 27 days day NNS 32855 909 28 . . . 32855 910 1 Sutton Sutton NNP 32855 910 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 910 3 1949:25 1949:25 CD 32855 910 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 910 5 and and CC 32855 910 6 Lawrence Lawrence NNP 32855 910 7 ( ( -LRB- 32855 910 8 1953:68 1953:68 NNP 32855 910 9 ) ) -RRB- 32855 910 10 present present VBP 32855 910 11 contradictory contradictory JJ 32855 910 12 reports report NNS 32855 910 13 on on IN 32855 910 14 fledgling fledgling NN 32855 910 15 - - HYPH 32855 910 16 parent parent NN 32855 910 17 relationships relationship NNS 32855 910 18 in in IN 32855 910 19 the the DT 32855 910 20 Red red JJ 32855 910 21 - - HYPH 32855 910 22 eyed eye VBN 32855 910 23 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 910 24 . . . 32855 911 1 Sutton Sutton NNP 32855 911 2 concluded conclude VBD 32855 911 3 that that IN 32855 911 4 the the DT 32855 911 5 young young JJ 32855 911 6 quickly quickly RB 32855 911 7 took take VBD 32855 911 8 leave leave NN 32855 911 9 of of IN 32855 911 10 their -PRON- PRP$ 32855 911 11 parents parent NNS 32855 911 12 whereas whereas IN 32855 911 13 Lawrence Lawrence NNP 32855 911 14 reported report VBD 32855 911 15 a a DT 32855 911 16 young young JJ 32855 911 17 bird bird NN 32855 911 18 being be VBG 32855 911 19 fed feed VBN 32855 911 20 35 35 CD 32855 911 21 days day NNS 32855 911 22 after after IN 32855 911 23 fledging fledge VBG 32855 911 24 . . . 32855 912 1 _ _ NNP 32855 912 2 Second Second NNP 32855 912 3 Broods Broods NNP 32855 912 4 _ _ NNP 32855 912 5 The the DT 32855 912 6 curve curve NN 32855 912 7 based base VBN 32855 912 8 on on IN 32855 912 9 66 66 CD 32855 912 10 nesting nesting JJ 32855 912 11 records record NNS 32855 912 12 of of IN 32855 912 13 the the DT 32855 912 14 Bell Bell NNP 32855 912 15 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 912 16 representing represent VBG 32855 912 17 the the DT 32855 912 18 breeding breeding NN 32855 912 19 activity activity NN 32855 912 20 in in IN 32855 912 21 northeastern northeastern JJ 32855 912 22 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 912 23 demonstrates demonstrate VBZ 32855 912 24 a a DT 32855 912 25 tendency tendency NN 32855 912 26 toward toward IN 32855 912 27 double double JJ 32855 912 28 - - HYPH 32855 912 29 broodedness broodedness NN 32855 912 30 ( ( -LRB- 32855 912 31 fig fig NN 32855 912 32 . . . 32855 913 1 6 6 LS 32855 913 2 ) ) -RRB- 32855 913 3 . . . 32855 914 1 The the DT 32855 914 2 peak peak NN 32855 914 3 of of IN 32855 914 4 the the DT 32855 914 5 breeding breeding NN 32855 914 6 season season NN 32855 914 7 is be VBZ 32855 914 8 from from IN 32855 914 9 May May NNP 32855 914 10 20 20 CD 32855 914 11 to to IN 32855 914 12 June June NNP 32855 914 13 20 20 CD 32855 914 14 . . . 32855 915 1 The the DT 32855 915 2 large large JJ 32855 915 3 number number NN 32855 915 4 ( ( -LRB- 32855 915 5 20 20 CD 32855 915 6 ) ) -RRB- 32855 915 7 of of IN 32855 915 8 replacement replacement NN 32855 915 9 nests nest NNS 32855 915 10 built build VBN 32855 915 11 in in IN 32855 915 12 late late JJ 32855 915 13 May May NNP 32855 915 14 of of IN 32855 915 15 1960 1960 CD 32855 915 16 tends tend VBZ 32855 915 17 to to TO 32855 915 18 distort distort VB 32855 915 19 the the DT 32855 915 20 curve curve NN 32855 915 21 of of IN 32855 915 22 the the DT 32855 915 23 breeding breeding NN 32855 915 24 data datum NNS 32855 915 25 ; ; : 32855 915 26 a a DT 32855 915 27 second second JJ 32855 915 28 peak peak NN 32855 915 29 about about RB 32855 915 30 35 35 CD 32855 915 31 days day NNS 32855 915 32 after after IN 32855 915 33 the the DT 32855 915 34 first first JJ 32855 915 35 is be VBZ 32855 915 36 evident evident JJ 32855 915 37 . . . 32855 916 1 I -PRON- PRP 32855 916 2 am be VBP 32855 916 3 of of IN 32855 916 4 the the DT 32855 916 5 opinion opinion NN 32855 916 6 that that IN 32855 916 7 the the DT 32855 916 8 vast vast JJ 32855 916 9 majority majority NN 32855 916 10 of of IN 32855 916 11 vireos vireo NNS 32855 916 12 are be VBP 32855 916 13 single single RB 32855 916 14 - - HYPH 32855 916 15 brooded brood VBN 32855 916 16 solely solely RB 32855 916 17 by by IN 32855 916 18 virtue virtue NN 32855 916 19 of of IN 32855 916 20 the the DT 32855 916 21 limited limited JJ 32855 916 22 success success NN 32855 916 23 of of IN 32855 916 24 early early JJ 32855 916 25 nesting nesting JJ 32855 916 26 efforts effort NNS 32855 916 27 , , , 32855 916 28 and and CC 32855 916 29 that that IN 32855 916 30 in in IN 32855 916 31 " " `` 32855 916 32 good good JJ 32855 916 33 " " '' 32855 916 34 years year NNS 32855 916 35 most most JJS 32855 916 36 pairs pair NNS 32855 916 37 would would MD 32855 916 38 be be VB 32855 916 39 double double RB 32855 916 40 - - HYPH 32855 916 41 brooded brooded JJ 32855 916 42 . . . 32855 917 1 Each each DT 32855 917 2 of of IN 32855 917 3 the the DT 32855 917 4 four four CD 32855 917 5 pairs pair NNS 32855 917 6 that that WDT 32855 917 7 successfully successfully RB 32855 917 8 raised raise VBD 32855 917 9 one one CD 32855 917 10 brood brood NN 32855 917 11 in in IN 32855 917 12 my -PRON- PRP$ 32855 917 13 study study NN 32855 917 14 area area NN 32855 917 15 in in IN 32855 917 16 1959 1959 CD 32855 917 17 renested reneste VBD 32855 917 18 within within IN 32855 917 19 a a DT 32855 917 20 day day NN 32855 917 21 or or CC 32855 917 22 two two CD 32855 917 23 after after IN 32855 917 24 the the DT 32855 917 25 fledging fledge VBG 32855 917 26 of of IN 32855 917 27 the the DT 32855 917 28 young young JJ 32855 917 29 . . . 32855 918 1 I -PRON- PRP 32855 918 2 do do VBP 32855 918 3 not not RB 32855 918 4 know know VB 32855 918 5 the the DT 32855 918 6 fate fate NN 32855 918 7 of of IN 32855 918 8 these these DT 32855 918 9 nests nest NNS 32855 918 10 . . . 32855 919 1 Nolan Nolan NNP 32855 919 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 919 3 1960:237 1960:237 CD 32855 919 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 919 5 reports report VBZ 32855 919 6 at at RB 32855 919 7 least least JJS 32855 919 8 one one CD 32855 919 9 instance instance NN 32855 919 10 of of IN 32855 919 11 a a DT 32855 919 12 second second JJ 32855 919 13 brood brood NN 32855 919 14 in in IN 32855 919 15 the the DT 32855 919 16 course course NN 32855 919 17 of of IN 32855 919 18 his -PRON- PRP$ 32855 919 19 study study NN 32855 919 20 . . . 32855 920 1 Nolan Nolan NNP 32855 920 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 920 3 _ _ NNP 32855 920 4 op op NN 32855 920 5 . . . 32855 921 1 cit cit NNP 32855 921 2 . . . 32855 921 3 _ _ NNP 32855 921 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 921 5 notes note VBZ 32855 921 6 that that IN 32855 921 7 the the DT 32855 921 8 literature literature NN 32855 921 9 , , , 32855 921 10 in in IN 32855 921 11 general general JJ 32855 921 12 , , , 32855 921 13 indicates indicate VBZ 32855 921 14 that that IN 32855 921 15 vireos vireo NNS 32855 921 16 are be VBP 32855 921 17 double double RB 32855 921 18 - - HYPH 32855 921 19 brooded brooded JJ 32855 921 20 , , , 32855 921 21 but but CC 32855 921 22 that that IN 32855 921 23 his -PRON- PRP$ 32855 921 24 evidence evidence NN 32855 921 25 , , , 32855 921 26 mentioned mention VBD 32855 921 27 previously previously RB 32855 921 28 , , , 32855 921 29 is be VBZ 32855 921 30 the the DT 32855 921 31 only only JJ 32855 921 32 evidence evidence NN 32855 921 33 based base VBN 32855 921 34 on on IN 32855 921 35 banded band VBN 32855 921 36 birds bird NNS 32855 921 37 . . . 32855 922 1 [ [ -LRB- 32855 922 2 Illustration illustration NN 32855 922 3 : : : 32855 922 4 FIG FIG NNP 32855 922 5 . . . 32855 923 1 6 6 CD 32855 923 2 . . . 32855 924 1 Breeding breed VBG 32855 924 2 season season NN 32855 924 3 in in IN 32855 924 4 northeastern northeastern JJ 32855 924 5 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 924 6 based base VBN 32855 924 7 on on IN 32855 924 8 the the DT 32855 924 9 number number NN 32855 924 10 of of IN 32855 924 11 completed complete VBN 32855 924 12 clutches clutch NNS 32855 924 13 in in IN 32855 924 14 each each DT 32855 924 15 10-day 10-day CD 32855 924 16 period period NN 32855 924 17 from from IN 32855 924 18 May May NNP 32855 924 19 through through IN 32855 924 20 July July NNP 32855 924 21 . . . 32855 924 22 ] ] -RRB- 32855 925 1 REPRODUCTIVE REPRODUCTIVE NNP 32855 925 2 SUCCESS SUCCESS NNP 32855 925 3 Only only RB 32855 925 4 four four CD 32855 925 5 nests nest NNS 32855 925 6 were be VBD 32855 925 7 successful successful JJ 32855 925 8 ; ; : 32855 925 9 all all DT 32855 925 10 of of IN 32855 925 11 these these DT 32855 925 12 were be VBD 32855 925 13 observed observe VBN 32855 925 14 in in IN 32855 925 15 1959 1959 CD 32855 925 16 . . . 32855 926 1 The the DT 32855 926 2 principal principal JJ 32855 926 3 external external JJ 32855 926 4 factors factor NNS 32855 926 5 responsible responsible JJ 32855 926 6 for for IN 32855 926 7 nesting nest VBG 32855 926 8 failure failure NN 32855 926 9 were be VBD 32855 926 10 severe severe JJ 32855 926 11 weather weather NN 32855 926 12 , , , 32855 926 13 predation predation NN 32855 926 14 , , , 32855 926 15 parasitism parasitism NN 32855 926 16 by by IN 32855 926 17 Brown Brown NNP 32855 926 18 - - HYPH 32855 926 19 headed head VBN 32855 926 20 Cowbirds Cowbirds NNP 32855 926 21 ( ( -LRB- 32855 926 22 _ _ NNP 32855 926 23 Molothrus Molothrus NNP 32855 926 24 ater ater NN 32855 926 25 _ _ NNP 32855 926 26 ) ) -RRB- 32855 926 27 and and CC 32855 926 28 human human JJ 32855 926 29 interference interference NN 32855 926 30 ( ( -LRB- 32855 926 31 Table table NN 32855 926 32 11 11 CD 32855 926 33 ) ) -RRB- 32855 926 34 . . . 32855 927 1 In in IN 32855 927 2 late late JJ 32855 927 3 winter winter NN 32855 927 4 and and CC 32855 927 5 early early JJ 32855 927 6 spring spring NN 32855 927 7 of of IN 32855 927 8 1960 1960 CD 32855 927 9 heavy heavy JJ 32855 927 10 snow snow NN 32855 927 11 , , , 32855 927 12 continuously continuously RB 32855 927 13 at at IN 32855 927 14 a a DT 32855 927 15 depth depth NN 32855 927 16 of of IN 32855 927 17 at at RB 32855 927 18 least least RBS 32855 927 19 10 10 CD 32855 927 20 inches inch NNS 32855 927 21 , , , 32855 927 22 covered cover VBN 32855 927 23 most most JJS 32855 927 24 of of IN 32855 927 25 the the DT 32855 927 26 Mid Mid NNP 32855 927 27 - - NN 32855 927 28 west west NN 32855 927 29 from from IN 32855 927 30 February February NNP 32855 927 31 20 20 CD 32855 927 32 through through IN 32855 927 33 March March NNP 32855 927 34 20 20 CD 32855 927 35 . . . 32855 928 1 Consequently consequently RB 32855 928 2 , , , 32855 928 3 the the DT 32855 928 4 growing grow VBG 32855 928 5 season season NN 32855 928 6 was be VBD 32855 928 7 some some DT 32855 928 8 two two CD 32855 928 9 weeks week NNS 32855 928 10 behind behind IN 32855 928 11 that that DT 32855 928 12 of of IN 32855 928 13 1959 1959 CD 32855 928 14 . . . 32855 929 1 Of of IN 32855 929 2 all all PDT 32855 929 3 the the DT 32855 929 4 species specie NNS 32855 929 5 in in IN 32855 929 6 the the DT 32855 929 7 study study NN 32855 929 8 area area NN 32855 929 9 , , , 32855 929 10 the the DT 32855 929 11 Bell Bell NNP 32855 929 12 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 929 13 is be VBZ 32855 929 14 the the DT 32855 929 15 most most RBS 32855 929 16 dependent dependent JJ 32855 929 17 on on IN 32855 929 18 dense dense JJ 32855 929 19 foliage foliage NN 32855 929 20 for for IN 32855 929 21 cover cover NN 32855 929 22 and and CC 32855 929 23 concealment concealment JJ 32855 929 24 for for IN 32855 929 25 its -PRON- PRP$ 32855 929 26 nests nest NNS 32855 929 27 . . . 32855 930 1 Consequently consequently RB 32855 930 2 the the DT 32855 930 3 tardiness tardiness NN 32855 930 4 of of IN 32855 930 5 the the DT 32855 930 6 season season NN 32855 930 7 seemingly seemingly RB 32855 930 8 negatively negatively RB 32855 930 9 influenced influence VBD 32855 930 10 reproductive reproductive JJ 32855 930 11 success success NN 32855 930 12 of of IN 32855 930 13 this this DT 32855 930 14 more more JJR 32855 930 15 than than IN 32855 930 16 any any DT 32855 930 17 other other JJ 32855 930 18 species specie NNS 32855 930 19 of of IN 32855 930 20 bird bird NN 32855 930 21 in in IN 32855 930 22 the the DT 32855 930 23 study study NN 32855 930 24 area area NN 32855 930 25 . . . 32855 931 1 _ _ NNP 32855 931 2 Behavior Behavior NNP 32855 931 3 _ _ NNP 32855 931 4 Several several JJ 32855 931 5 aspects aspect NNS 32855 931 6 of of IN 32855 931 7 the the DT 32855 931 8 behavior behavior NN 32855 931 9 of of IN 32855 931 10 the the DT 32855 931 11 Bell Bell NNP 32855 931 12 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 931 13 tend tend VBP 32855 931 14 to to TO 32855 931 15 contribute contribute VB 32855 931 16 to to IN 32855 931 17 nesting nest VBG 32855 931 18 failure failure NN 32855 931 19 . . . 32855 932 1 They -PRON- PRP 32855 932 2 include include VBP 32855 932 3 : : : 32855 932 4 1 1 LS 32855 932 5 . . . 32855 933 1 Nest nest NN 32855 933 2 - - HYPH 32855 933 3 site site NN 32855 933 4 . . . 32855 934 1 Nests nest NNS 32855 934 2 are be VBP 32855 934 3 occasionally occasionally RB 32855 934 4 suspended suspend VBN 32855 934 5 from from IN 32855 934 6 exposed expose VBN 32855 934 7 branches branch NNS 32855 934 8 . . . 32855 935 1 Occurrences occurrence NNS 32855 935 2 of of IN 32855 935 3 this this DT 32855 935 4 sort sort NN 32855 935 5 suggest suggest VBP 32855 935 6 that that IN 32855 935 7 the the DT 32855 935 8 dimensions dimension NNS 32855 935 9 of of IN 32855 935 10 the the DT 32855 935 11 fork fork NN 32855 935 12 are be VBP 32855 935 13 more more RBR 32855 935 14 important important JJ 32855 935 15 in in IN 32855 935 16 the the DT 32855 935 17 choice choice NN 32855 935 18 of of IN 32855 935 19 a a DT 32855 935 20 site site NN 32855 935 21 than than IN 32855 935 22 availability availability NN 32855 935 23 of of IN 32855 935 24 cover cover NN 32855 935 25 . . . 32855 936 1 2 2 LS 32855 936 2 . . . 32855 937 1 Song Song NNP 32855 937 2 . . . 32855 938 1 The the DT 32855 938 2 loud loud JJ 32855 938 3 , , , 32855 938 4 continuous continuous JJ 32855 938 5 song song NN 32855 938 6 of of IN 32855 938 7 the the DT 32855 938 8 male male NN 32855 938 9 during during IN 32855 938 10 nestbuilding nestbuilde VBG 32855 938 11 alerts alert NNS 32855 938 12 cowbirds cowbird NNS 32855 938 13 and and CC 32855 938 14 predators predator NNS 32855 938 15 to to IN 32855 938 16 the the DT 32855 938 17 presence presence NN 32855 938 18 of of IN 32855 938 19 a a DT 32855 938 20 nest nest NN 32855 938 21 . . . 32855 939 1 The the DT 32855 939 2 incongruous incongruous JJ 32855 939 3 habits habit NNS 32855 939 4 of of IN 32855 939 5 the the DT 32855 939 6 male male NN 32855 939 7 of of IN 32855 939 8 singing singe VBG 32855 939 9 in in IN 32855 939 10 the the DT 32855 939 11 nest nest NN 32855 939 12 tree tree NN 32855 939 13 and and CC 32855 939 14 while while IN 32855 939 15 sitting sit VBG 32855 939 16 on on IN 32855 939 17 the the DT 32855 939 18 nest nest NN 32855 939 19 may may MD 32855 939 20 facilitate facilitate VB 32855 939 21 location location NN 32855 939 22 by by IN 32855 939 23 some some DT 32855 939 24 enemies enemy NNS 32855 939 25 , , , 32855 939 26 particularly particularly RB 32855 939 27 cowbirds cowbird NNS 32855 939 28 . . . 32855 940 1 TABLE TABLE NNS 32855 940 2 11 11 CD 32855 940 3 . . . 32855 941 1 EGG EGG NNP 32855 941 2 MORTALITY MORTALITY NNP 32855 941 3 IN in IN 32855 941 4 BELL BELL NNP 32855 941 5 VIREOS VIREOS NNP 32855 941 6 . . . 32855 942 1 = = NFP 32855 942 2 = = NFP 32855 942 3 = = SYM 32855 942 4 = = SYM 32855 942 5 = = SYM 32855 942 6 = = SYM 32855 942 7 = = SYM 32855 942 8 = = SYM 32855 942 9 = = SYM 32855 942 10 = = SYM 32855 942 11 = = SYM 32855 942 12 = = SYM 32855 942 13 = = SYM 32855 942 14 = = SYM 32855 942 15 = = SYM 32855 942 16 = = SYM 32855 942 17 = = SYM 32855 942 18 = = SYM 32855 942 19 = = SYM 32855 942 20 = = SYM 32855 942 21 = = SYM 32855 942 22 = = SYM 32855 942 23 = = SYM 32855 942 24 = = SYM 32855 942 25 = = SYM 32855 942 26 = = SYM 32855 942 27 = = SYM 32855 942 28 = = SYM 32855 942 29 = = SYM 32855 942 30 = = SYM 32855 942 31 = = SYM 32855 942 32 = = SYM 32855 942 33 = = SYM 32855 942 34 = = SYM 32855 942 35 = = SYM 32855 942 36 = = SYM 32855 942 37 = = SYM 32855 942 38 = = SYM 32855 942 39 = = SYM 32855 942 40 = = SYM 32855 942 41 = = SYM 32855 942 42 = = SYM 32855 942 43 = = SYM 32855 942 44 = = SYM 32855 942 45 = = SYM 32855 942 46 = = SYM 32855 942 47 = = SYM 32855 942 48 = = SYM 32855 942 49 = = SYM 32855 942 50 = = SYM 32855 942 51 = = SYM 32855 942 52 = = SYM 32855 942 53 = = NNS 32855 942 54 = = SYM 32855 942 55 | | CD 32855 942 56 | | NNS 32855 942 57 Eggs egg NNS 32855 942 58 ( ( -LRB- 32855 942 59 N-29)| N-29)| NNP 32855 942 60 | | NNP 32855 942 61 Mortality Mortality NNP 32855 942 62 agents agent NNS 32855 942 63 | | POS 32855 942 64 N[H N[H NNPS 32855 942 65 ] ] -RRB- 32855 942 66 | | CD 32855 942 67 1959 1959 CD 32855 942 68 | | NNP 32855 942 69 N n CD 32855 942 70 | | CD 32855 942 71 1960 1960 CD 32855 942 72 | | CD 32855 942 73 | | NNP 32855 942 74 Per per IN 32855 942 75 cent cent NN 32855 942 76 | | NNP 32855 942 77 | | NNP 32855 942 78 Per per IN 32855 942 79 cent cent NN 32855 942 80 -----------------+------+------------+-----+---------- -----------------+------+------------+-----+---------- : 32855 942 81 Predation Predation NNP 32855 942 82 | | NNP 32855 942 83 4 4 CD 32855 942 84 | | CD 32855 942 85 13.8 13.8 CD 32855 942 86 | | CD 32855 942 87 5 5 CD 32855 942 88 | | CD 32855 942 89 10 10 CD 32855 942 90 Weather Weather NNP 32855 942 91 | | NNP 32855 942 92 2 2 CD 32855 942 93 | | CD 32855 942 94 6.9 6.9 CD 32855 942 95 | | CD 32855 942 96 8 8 CD 32855 942 97 | | CD 32855 942 98 16 16 CD 32855 942 99 Cowbird Cowbird NNP 32855 942 100 | | CD 32855 942 101 14 14 CD 32855 942 102 | | CD 32855 942 103 48.3 48.3 CD 32855 942 104 | | CD 32855 942 105 37 37 CD 32855 942 106 | | CD 32855 942 107 74 74 CD 32855 942 108 + + SYM 32855 942 109 ------+------------+-----+---------- ------+------------+-----+---------- NN 32855 942 110 Totals total NNS 32855 942 111 | | CD 32855 942 112 20 20 CD 32855 942 113 | | NNS 32855 942 114 69[I 69[i CD 32855 942 115 ] ] -RRB- 32855 942 116 | | NNP 32855 942 117 50 50 CD 32855 942 118 | | CD 32855 942 119 100 100 CD 32855 942 120 -----------------+------+------------+-----+---------- -----------------+------+------------+-----+---------- NNS 32855 942 121 [ [ -LRB- 32855 942 122 H h NN 32855 942 123 ] ] -RRB- 32855 942 124 Number number NN 32855 942 125 of of IN 32855 942 126 eggs egg NNS 32855 942 127 out out IN 32855 942 128 of of IN 32855 942 129 the the DT 32855 942 130 total total JJ 32855 942 131 number number NN 32855 942 132 laid lay VBN 32855 942 133 lost lose VBN 32855 942 134 to to IN 32855 942 135 mortality mortality NN 32855 942 136 agents agent NNS 32855 942 137 . . . 32855 943 1 [ [ -LRB- 32855 943 2 I i NN 32855 943 3 ] ] -RRB- 32855 943 4 In in IN 32855 943 5 1959 1959 CD 32855 943 6 nine nine CD 32855 943 7 eggs egg NNS 32855 943 8 were be VBD 32855 943 9 successful successful JJ 32855 943 10 ( ( -LRB- 32855 943 11 ultimately ultimately RB 32855 943 12 gave give VBD 32855 943 13 rise rise NN 32855 943 14 to to IN 32855 943 15 fledglings fledgling NNS 32855 943 16 ) ) -RRB- 32855 943 17 . . . 32855 944 1 I -PRON- PRP 32855 944 2 am be VBP 32855 944 3 not not RB 32855 944 4 fully fully RB 32855 944 5 convinced convinced JJ 32855 944 6 that that DT 32855 944 7 song song NN 32855 944 8 from from IN 32855 944 9 the the DT 32855 944 10 nest nest NN 32855 944 11 is be VBZ 32855 944 12 simply simply RB 32855 944 13 a a DT 32855 944 14 " " `` 32855 944 15 foolish foolish JJ 32855 944 16 " " '' 32855 944 17 habit habit NN 32855 944 18 , , , 32855 944 19 since since IN 32855 944 20 snakes snake NNS 32855 944 21 , , , 32855 944 22 the the DT 32855 944 23 principal principal JJ 32855 944 24 predators predator NNS 32855 944 25 with with IN 32855 944 26 which which WDT 32855 944 27 this this DT 32855 944 28 species species NN 32855 944 29 has have VBZ 32855 944 30 to to TO 32855 944 31 contend contend VB 32855 944 32 , , , 32855 944 33 are be VBP 32855 944 34 deaf deaf JJ 32855 944 35 . . . 32855 945 1 My -PRON- PRP$ 32855 945 2 own own JJ 32855 945 3 field field NN 32855 945 4 observations observation NNS 32855 945 5 and and CC 32855 945 6 the the DT 32855 945 7 circumstances circumstance NNS 32855 945 8 of of IN 32855 945 9 the the DT 32855 945 10 innumerable innumerable JJ 32855 945 11 instances instance NNS 32855 945 12 recorded record VBN 32855 945 13 in in IN 32855 945 14 the the DT 32855 945 15 literature literature NN 32855 945 16 of of IN 32855 945 17 male male JJ 32855 945 18 vireos vireos JJ 32855 945 19 singing singe VBG 32855 945 20 from from IN 32855 945 21 the the DT 32855 945 22 nest nest NN 32855 945 23 suggest suggest VBP 32855 945 24 that that IN 32855 945 25 this this DT 32855 945 26 is be VBZ 32855 945 27 a a DT 32855 945 28 function function NN 32855 945 29 of of IN 32855 945 30 the the DT 32855 945 31 proximity proximity NN 32855 945 32 of of IN 32855 945 33 the the DT 32855 945 34 observer observer NN 32855 945 35 . . . 32855 946 1 As as IN 32855 946 2 mentioned mention VBN 32855 946 3 elsewhere elsewhere RB 32855 946 4 , , , 32855 946 5 vocal vocal JJ 32855 946 6 threat threat NN 32855 946 7 is be VBZ 32855 946 8 the the DT 32855 946 9 initial initial JJ 32855 946 10 as as RB 32855 946 11 well well RB 32855 946 12 as as IN 32855 946 13 the the DT 32855 946 14 primary primary JJ 32855 946 15 means mean NNS 32855 946 16 by by IN 32855 946 17 which which WDT 32855 946 18 territory territory NN 32855 946 19 is be VBZ 32855 946 20 maintained maintain VBN 32855 946 21 . . . 32855 947 1 Song song NN 32855 947 2 from from IN 32855 947 3 the the DT 32855 947 4 nest nest NN 32855 947 5 evoked evoke VBN 32855 947 6 by by IN 32855 947 7 an an DT 32855 947 8 enemy enemy NN 32855 947 9 also also RB 32855 947 10 serves serve VBZ 32855 947 11 to to TO 32855 947 12 alert alert VB 32855 947 13 the the DT 32855 947 14 female female NN 32855 947 15 to to IN 32855 947 16 danger danger NN 32855 947 17 . . . 32855 948 1 3 3 LS 32855 948 2 . . . 32855 949 1 Flushing flush VBG 32855 949 2 . . . 32855 950 1 The the DT 32855 950 2 Bell Bell NNP 32855 950 3 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 950 4 normally normally RB 32855 950 5 relies rely VBZ 32855 950 6 upon upon IN 32855 950 7 cryptic cryptic JJ 32855 950 8 behavior behavior NN 32855 950 9 to to TO 32855 950 10 avoid avoid VB 32855 950 11 detection detection NN 32855 950 12 at at IN 32855 950 13 the the DT 32855 950 14 nest nest NN 32855 950 15 . . . 32855 951 1 Most Most JJS 32855 951 2 sitting sit VBG 32855 951 3 birds bird NNS 32855 951 4 , , , 32855 951 5 especially especially RB 32855 951 6 the the DT 32855 951 7 females female NNS 32855 951 8 , , , 32855 951 9 either either CC 32855 951 10 flush flush NN 32855 951 11 silently silently RB 32855 951 12 when when WRB 32855 951 13 an an DT 32855 951 14 enemy enemy NN 32855 951 15 is be VBZ 32855 951 16 about about RB 32855 951 17 forty forty CD 32855 951 18 feet foot NNS 32855 951 19 from from IN 32855 951 20 the the DT 32855 951 21 nest nest NN 32855 951 22 or or CC 32855 951 23 remain remain VB 32855 951 24 sitting sit VBG 32855 951 25 upon upon IN 32855 951 26 the the DT 32855 951 27 nest nest NN 32855 951 28 tenaciously tenaciously RB 32855 951 29 , , , 32855 951 30 refusing refuse VBG 32855 951 31 to to TO 32855 951 32 flush flush JJ 32855 951 33 even even RB 32855 951 34 when when WRB 32855 951 35 touched touch VBN 32855 951 36 or or CC 32855 951 37 picked pick VBD 32855 951 38 up up RP 32855 951 39 . . . 32855 952 1 Some some DT 32855 952 2 birds bird NNS 32855 952 3 flushed flush VBD 32855 952 4 at at IN 32855 952 5 intermediate intermediate JJ 32855 952 6 distances distance NNS 32855 952 7 of of IN 32855 952 8 from from IN 32855 952 9 three three CD 32855 952 10 to to TO 32855 952 11 fifteen fifteen CD 32855 952 12 feet foot NNS 32855 952 13 . . . 32855 953 1 In in IN 32855 953 2 so so RB 32855 953 3 doing do VBG 32855 953 4 they -PRON- PRP 32855 953 5 revealed reveal VBD 32855 953 6 the the DT 32855 953 7 location location NN 32855 953 8 of of IN 32855 953 9 their -PRON- PRP$ 32855 953 10 nests nest NNS 32855 953 11 . . . 32855 954 1 Since since IN 32855 954 2 none none NN 32855 954 3 of of IN 32855 954 4 these these DT 32855 954 5 " " `` 32855 954 6 intermediate intermediate JJ 32855 954 7 flushers flusher NNS 32855 954 8 " " '' 32855 954 9 enjoyed enjoy VBD 32855 954 10 nesting nesting JJ 32855 954 11 success success NN 32855 954 12 there there EX 32855 954 13 is be VBZ 32855 954 14 possibly possibly RB 32855 954 15 some some DT 32855 954 16 correlation correlation NN 32855 954 17 between between IN 32855 954 18 these these DT 32855 954 19 two two CD 32855 954 20 factors factor NNS 32855 954 21 . . . 32855 955 1 _ _ NNP 32855 955 2 Predation Predation NNP 32855 955 3 _ _ NNP 32855 955 4 Several Several NNP 32855 955 5 complete complete JJ 32855 955 6 clutches clutch NNS 32855 955 7 being be VBG 32855 955 8 incubated incubate VBN 32855 955 9 disappeared disappear VBD 32855 955 10 from from IN 32855 955 11 nests nest NNS 32855 955 12 that that WDT 32855 955 13 were be VBD 32855 955 14 unharmed unharmed JJ 32855 955 15 . . . 32855 956 1 Absence absence NN 32855 956 2 of of IN 32855 956 3 eggshells eggshell NNS 32855 956 4 in in IN 32855 956 5 the the DT 32855 956 6 vicinity vicinity NN 32855 956 7 suggests suggest VBZ 32855 956 8 predation predation NN 32855 956 9 by by IN 32855 956 10 snakes snake NNS 32855 956 11 . . . 32855 957 1 On on IN 32855 957 2 May May NNP 32855 957 3 25 25 CD 32855 957 4 , , , 32855 957 5 1960 1960 CD 32855 957 6 , , , 32855 957 7 I -PRON- PRP 32855 957 8 found find VBD 32855 957 9 a a DT 32855 957 10 _ _ NNP 32855 957 11 Peromyscus Peromyscus NNP 32855 957 12 _ _ NNP 32855 957 13 climbing climb VBG 32855 957 14 toward toward IN 32855 957 15 nest nest NN 32855 957 16 1-a 1-a CD 32855 957 17 ( ( -LRB- 32855 957 18 1960 1960 CD 32855 957 19 ) ) -RRB- 32855 957 20 . . . 32855 958 1 The the DT 32855 958 2 mouse mouse NN 32855 958 3 moved move VBD 32855 958 4 to to IN 32855 958 5 within within IN 32855 958 6 two two CD 32855 958 7 inches inch NNS 32855 958 8 of of IN 32855 958 9 the the DT 32855 958 10 nest nest NN 32855 958 11 whereupon whereupon NN 32855 958 12 I -PRON- PRP 32855 958 13 removed remove VBD 32855 958 14 the the DT 32855 958 15 mouse mouse NN 32855 958 16 . . . 32855 959 1 Such such JJ 32855 959 2 small small JJ 32855 959 3 rodents rodent NNS 32855 959 4 constitute constitute VBP 32855 959 5 another another DT 32855 959 6 potential potential JJ 32855 959 7 source source NN 32855 959 8 of of IN 32855 959 9 predation predation NN 32855 959 10 . . . 32855 960 1 _ _ NNP 32855 960 2 Cowbird Cowbird NNP 32855 960 3 Parasitism Parasitism NNP 32855 960 4 _ _ NNP 32855 960 5 In in IN 32855 960 6 this this DT 32855 960 7 study study NN 32855 960 8 the the DT 32855 960 9 failure failure NN 32855 960 10 of of IN 32855 960 11 12 12 CD 32855 960 12 of of IN 32855 960 13 35 35 CD 32855 960 14 nests nest NNS 32855 960 15 can can MD 32855 960 16 be be VB 32855 960 17 directly directly RB 32855 960 18 attributed attribute VBN 32855 960 19 to to IN 32855 960 20 cowbird cowbird NN 32855 960 21 interference interference NN 32855 960 22 . . . 32855 961 1 It -PRON- PRP 32855 961 2 is be VBZ 32855 961 3 well well RB 32855 961 4 established establish VBN 32855 961 5 that that IN 32855 961 6 the the DT 32855 961 7 incidence incidence NN 32855 961 8 of of IN 32855 961 9 cowbird cowbird NN 32855 961 10 parasitism parasitism NN 32855 961 11 of of IN 32855 961 12 Bell Bell NNP 32855 961 13 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 961 14 nests nest NNS 32855 961 15 is be VBZ 32855 961 16 high high JJ 32855 961 17 ( ( -LRB- 32855 961 18 Friedmann Friedmann NNP 32855 961 19 , , , 32855 961 20 1929:237 1929:237 CD 32855 961 21 ; ; : 32855 961 22 Bent Bent NNP 32855 961 23 , , , 32855 961 24 1950:260 1950:260 CD 32855 961 25 - - SYM 32855 961 26 261 261 CD 32855 961 27 ) ) -RRB- 32855 961 28 . . . 32855 962 1 Nolan Nolan NNP 32855 962 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 962 3 1960:240 1960:240 CD 32855 962 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 962 5 found find VBN 32855 962 6 only only RB 32855 962 7 one one CD 32855 962 8 nest nest NN 32855 962 9 of of IN 32855 962 10 eight eight CD 32855 962 11 studied study VBN 32855 962 12 to to TO 32855 962 13 be be VB 32855 962 14 parasitized parasitize VBN 32855 962 15 by by IN 32855 962 16 cowbirds cowbird NNS 32855 962 17 . . . 32855 963 1 He -PRON- PRP 32855 963 2 indicates indicate VBZ 32855 963 3 that that IN 32855 963 4 this this DT 32855 963 5 is be VBZ 32855 963 6 surprising surprising JJ 32855 963 7 in in IN 32855 963 8 view view NN 32855 963 9 of of IN 32855 963 10 the the DT 32855 963 11 heavy heavy JJ 32855 963 12 molestation molestation NN 32855 963 13 of of IN 32855 963 14 the the DT 32855 963 15 Prairie Prairie NNP 32855 963 16 Warbler Warbler NNP 32855 963 17 ( ( -LRB- 32855 963 18 _ _ NNP 32855 963 19 Dendroica Dendroica NNP 32855 963 20 discolor discolor NN 32855 963 21 _ _ NNP 32855 963 22 ) ) -RRB- 32855 963 23 in in IN 32855 963 24 the the DT 32855 963 25 same same JJ 32855 963 26 region region NN 32855 963 27 . . . 32855 964 1 A a DT 32855 964 2 possible possible JJ 32855 964 3 explanation explanation NN 32855 964 4 of of IN 32855 964 5 this this DT 32855 964 6 phenomenon phenomenon NN 32855 964 7 seems seem VBZ 32855 964 8 to to TO 32855 964 9 lie lie VB 32855 964 10 in in IN 32855 964 11 the the DT 32855 964 12 much much RB 32855 964 13 greater great JJR 32855 964 14 abundance abundance NN 32855 964 15 of of IN 32855 964 16 the the DT 32855 964 17 Prairie Prairie NNP 32855 964 18 Warbler Warbler NNP 32855 964 19 in in IN 32855 964 20 comparison comparison NN 32855 964 21 to to IN 32855 964 22 that that DT 32855 964 23 of of IN 32855 964 24 the the DT 32855 964 25 Bell Bell NNP 32855 964 26 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 964 27 . . . 32855 965 1 In in IN 32855 965 2 my -PRON- PRP$ 32855 965 3 study study NN 32855 965 4 area area NN 32855 965 5 the the DT 32855 965 6 incidence incidence NN 32855 965 7 of of IN 32855 965 8 cowbird cowbird NN 32855 965 9 parasitism parasitism NN 32855 965 10 on on IN 32855 965 11 Bell Bell NNP 32855 965 12 Vireos Vireos NNP 32855 965 13 in in IN 32855 965 14 1959 1959 CD 32855 965 15 and and CC 32855 965 16 1960 1960 CD 32855 965 17 greatly greatly RB 32855 965 18 exceeded exceed VBD 32855 965 19 that that DT 32855 965 20 of of IN 32855 965 21 all all DT 32855 965 22 other other JJ 32855 965 23 nesting nesting JJ 32855 965 24 species specie NNS 32855 965 25 that that WDT 32855 965 26 were be VBD 32855 965 27 parasitized parasitize VBN 32855 965 28 ( ( -LRB- 32855 965 29 Table table NN 32855 965 30 12 12 CD 32855 965 31 ) ) -RRB- 32855 965 32 . . . 32855 966 1 As as IN 32855 966 2 indicated indicate VBN 32855 966 3 previously previously RB 32855 966 4 , , , 32855 966 5 the the DT 32855 966 6 female female JJ 32855 966 7 Bell Bell NNP 32855 966 8 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 966 9 leaves leave VBZ 32855 966 10 the the DT 32855 966 11 nest nest NN 32855 966 12 unoccupied unoccupie VBD 32855 966 13 several several JJ 32855 966 14 hours hour NNS 32855 966 15 at at IN 32855 966 16 a a DT 32855 966 17 time time NN 32855 966 18 in in IN 32855 966 19 the the DT 32855 966 20 transition transition NN 32855 966 21 period period NN 32855 966 22 between between IN 32855 966 23 completion completion NN 32855 966 24 of of IN 32855 966 25 the the DT 32855 966 26 nest nest NN 32855 966 27 and and CC 32855 966 28 the the DT 32855 966 29 start start NN 32855 966 30 of of IN 32855 966 31 egglaying egglaye VBG 32855 966 32 . . . 32855 967 1 Such such JJ 32855 967 2 behavior behavior NN 32855 967 3 early early RB 32855 967 4 in in IN 32855 967 5 the the DT 32855 967 6 morning morning NN 32855 967 7 certainly certainly RB 32855 967 8 would would MD 32855 967 9 facilitate facilitate VB 32855 967 10 deposition deposition NN 32855 967 11 of of IN 32855 967 12 cowbird cowbird NN 32855 967 13 eggs egg NNS 32855 967 14 . . . 32855 968 1 Early early RB 32855 968 2 in in IN 32855 968 3 the the DT 32855 968 4 nesting nesting JJ 32855 968 5 period period NN 32855 968 6 the the DT 32855 968 7 mere mere JJ 32855 968 8 presence presence NN 32855 968 9 of of IN 32855 968 10 a a DT 32855 968 11 cowbird cowbird NN 32855 968 12 egg egg NN 32855 968 13 in in IN 32855 968 14 the the DT 32855 968 15 nest nest NN 32855 968 16 prior prior RB 32855 968 17 to to IN 32855 968 18 the the DT 32855 968 19 laying laying NN 32855 968 20 of of IN 32855 968 21 the the DT 32855 968 22 host host NN 32855 968 23 's 's POS 32855 968 24 first first JJ 32855 968 25 egg egg NN 32855 968 26 leads lead VBZ 32855 968 27 to to IN 32855 968 28 abandonment abandonment NN 32855 968 29 of of IN 32855 968 30 the the DT 32855 968 31 nest nest NN 32855 968 32 . . . 32855 969 1 This this DT 32855 969 2 seems seem VBZ 32855 969 3 to to TO 32855 969 4 be be VB 32855 969 5 correlated correlate VBN 32855 969 6 with with IN 32855 969 7 the the DT 32855 969 8 relative relative JJ 32855 969 9 strength strength NN 32855 969 10 of of IN 32855 969 11 the the DT 32855 969 12 nesting nesting JJ 32855 969 13 tendency tendency NN 32855 969 14 ; ; : 32855 969 15 anyhow anyhow RB 32855 969 16 cowbird cowbird NN 32855 969 17 eggs egg NNS 32855 969 18 laid lay VBN 32855 969 19 in in RP 32855 969 20 later later JJ 32855 969 21 nests nest NNS 32855 969 22 prior prior RB 32855 969 23 to to IN 32855 969 24 the the DT 32855 969 25 appearance appearance NN 32855 969 26 of of IN 32855 969 27 the the DT 32855 969 28 host host NN 32855 969 29 's 's POS 32855 969 30 own own JJ 32855 969 31 eggs egg NNS 32855 969 32 did do VBD 32855 969 33 not not RB 32855 969 34 cause cause VB 32855 969 35 the the DT 32855 969 36 nesting nest VBG 32855 969 37 birds bird NNS 32855 969 38 to to TO 32855 969 39 desert desert VB 32855 969 40 . . . 32855 970 1 The the DT 32855 970 2 Bell Bell NNP 32855 970 3 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 970 4 does do VBZ 32855 970 5 abandon abandon VB 32855 970 6 the the DT 32855 970 7 nest nest NN 32855 970 8 when when WRB 32855 970 9 all all DT 32855 970 10 but but IN 32855 970 11 one one CD 32855 970 12 of of IN 32855 970 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 32855 970 14 own own JJ 32855 970 15 eggs egg NNS 32855 970 16 have have VBP 32855 970 17 been be VBN 32855 970 18 removed remove VBN 32855 970 19 by by IN 32855 970 20 the the DT 32855 970 21 cowbird cowbird NN 32855 970 22 . . . 32855 971 1 Mumford Mumford NNP 32855 971 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 971 3 1952:232 1952:232 CD 32855 971 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 971 5 records record VBZ 32855 971 6 the the DT 32855 971 7 removal removal NN 32855 971 8 of of IN 32855 971 9 a a DT 32855 971 10 cowbird cowbird NN 32855 971 11 egg egg NN 32855 971 12 by by IN 32855 971 13 the the DT 32855 971 14 host host NN 32855 971 15 birds bird NNS 32855 971 16 and and CC 32855 971 17 I -PRON- PRP 32855 971 18 recorded record VBD 32855 971 19 a a DT 32855 971 20 similar similar JJ 32855 971 21 instance instance NN 32855 971 22 involving involve VBG 32855 971 23 nest nest NN 32855 971 24 2-b 2-b CD 32855 971 25 ( ( -LRB- 32855 971 26 1960 1960 CD 32855 971 27 ) ) -RRB- 32855 971 28 . . . 32855 972 1 On on IN 32855 972 2 May May NNP 32855 972 3 14 14 CD 32855 972 4 , , , 32855 972 5 1960 1960 CD 32855 972 6 , , , 32855 972 7 I -PRON- PRP 32855 972 8 found find VBD 32855 972 9 one one CD 32855 972 10 punctured punctured JJ 32855 972 11 cowbird cowbird NN 32855 972 12 egg egg NN 32855 972 13 on on IN 32855 972 14 the the DT 32855 972 15 ground ground NN 32855 972 16 about about RB 32855 972 17 10 10 CD 32855 972 18 feet foot NNS 32855 972 19 west west RB 32855 972 20 of of IN 32855 972 21 this this DT 32855 972 22 nest nest NN 32855 972 23 . . . 32855 973 1 Occasionally occasionally RB 32855 973 2 a a DT 32855 973 3 cowbird cowbird NN 32855 973 4 egg egg NN 32855 973 5 is be VBZ 32855 973 6 buried bury VBN 32855 973 7 beneath beneath IN 32855 973 8 the the DT 32855 973 9 lining lining NN 32855 973 10 of of IN 32855 973 11 a a DT 32855 973 12 nest nest NN 32855 973 13 . . . 32855 974 1 Mumford Mumford NNP 32855 974 2 ( ( -LRB- 32855 974 3 1952:23 1952:23 NNP 32855 974 4 ) ) -RRB- 32855 974 5 observed observe VBD 32855 974 6 this this DT 32855 974 7 in in IN 32855 974 8 mid mid NNP 32855 974 9 - - NNP 32855 974 10 May may NN 32855 974 11 in in IN 32855 974 12 1951 1951 CD 32855 974 13 and and CC 32855 974 14 I -PRON- PRP 32855 974 15 observed observe VBD 32855 974 16 pair pair NN 32855 974 17 8 8 CD 32855 974 18 ( ( -LRB- 32855 974 19 1960 1960 CD 32855 974 20 ) ) -RRB- 32855 974 21 actively actively RB 32855 974 22 covering cover VBG 32855 974 23 with with IN 32855 974 24 building build VBG 32855 974 25 material material NN 32855 974 26 a a DT 32855 974 27 cowbird cowbird NN 32855 974 28 egg egg NN 32855 974 29 on on IN 32855 974 30 July July NNP 32855 974 31 5 5 CD 32855 974 32 , , , 32855 974 33 1960 1960 CD 32855 974 34 . . . 32855 975 1 Covering cover VBG 32855 975 2 a a DT 32855 975 3 cowbird cowbird NN 32855 975 4 egg egg NN 32855 975 5 constitutes constitute VBZ 32855 975 6 effective effective JJ 32855 975 7 removal removal NN 32855 975 8 . . . 32855 976 1 Since since IN 32855 976 2 the the DT 32855 976 3 egg egg NN 32855 976 4 can can MD 32855 976 5 not not RB 32855 976 6 be be VB 32855 976 7 turned turn VBN 32855 976 8 , , , 32855 976 9 an an DT 32855 976 10 adhesion adhesion NN 32855 976 11 develops develop VBZ 32855 976 12 . . . 32855 977 1 TABLE TABLE NNP 32855 977 2 12 12 CD 32855 977 3 . . . 32855 978 1 INCIDENCE INCIDENCE NNP 32855 978 2 OF of IN 32855 978 3 COWBIRD cowbird NN 32855 978 4 PARASITISM PARASITISM NNS 32855 978 5 OF of IN 32855 978 6 THE the DT 32855 978 7 BELL BELL NNP 32855 978 8 VIREO VIREO NNP 32855 978 9 COMPARED compare VBN 32855 978 10 WITH with IN 32855 978 11 OTHER other JJ 32855 978 12 PASSERINES passerine NNS 32855 978 13 IN in IN 32855 978 14 THE the DT 32855 978 15 STUDY STUDY NNP 32855 978 16 AREA area NN 32855 978 17 IN in IN 32855 978 18 1959 1959 CD 32855 978 19 AND and CC 32855 978 20 1960 1960 CD 32855 978 21 . . . 32855 979 1 = = NFP 32855 979 2 = = NFP 32855 979 3 = = SYM 32855 979 4 = = SYM 32855 979 5 = = SYM 32855 979 6 = = SYM 32855 979 7 = = SYM 32855 979 8 = = SYM 32855 979 9 = = SYM 32855 979 10 = = SYM 32855 979 11 = = SYM 32855 979 12 = = SYM 32855 979 13 = = SYM 32855 979 14 = = SYM 32855 979 15 = = SYM 32855 979 16 = = SYM 32855 979 17 = = SYM 32855 979 18 = = SYM 32855 979 19 = = SYM 32855 979 20 = = SYM 32855 979 21 = = SYM 32855 979 22 = = SYM 32855 979 23 = = SYM 32855 979 24 = = SYM 32855 979 25 = = SYM 32855 979 26 = = SYM 32855 979 27 = = SYM 32855 979 28 = = SYM 32855 979 29 = = SYM 32855 979 30 = = SYM 32855 979 31 = = SYM 32855 979 32 = = SYM 32855 979 33 = = SYM 32855 979 34 = = SYM 32855 979 35 = = SYM 32855 979 36 = = SYM 32855 979 37 = = SYM 32855 979 38 = = SYM 32855 979 39 = = SYM 32855 979 40 = = SYM 32855 979 41 = = SYM 32855 979 42 = = SYM 32855 979 43 = = SYM 32855 979 44 = = SYM 32855 979 45 = = SYM 32855 979 46 = = SYM 32855 979 47 = = SYM 32855 979 48 = = SYM 32855 979 49 = = SYM 32855 979 50 = = SYM 32855 979 51 = = SYM 32855 979 52 = = SYM 32855 979 53 = = SYM 32855 979 54 = = SYM 32855 979 55 = = SYM 32855 979 56 = = SYM 32855 979 57 = = SYM 32855 979 58 | | NNP 32855 979 59 Bell Bell NNP 32855 979 60 | | NNP 32855 979 61 Other Other NNP 32855 979 62 | | NNP 32855 979 63 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 979 64 |passerines |passerines CD 32855 979 65 --------------------------------------+-------+---------- --------------------------------------+-------+---------- NFP 32855 979 66 Total total JJ 32855 979 67 nests nest NNS 32855 979 68 examined examine VBD 32855 979 69 containing contain VBG 32855 979 70 | | CD 32855 979 71 | | CD 32855 979 72 at at RB 32855 979 73 least least RBS 32855 979 74 one one CD 32855 979 75 host host NN 32855 979 76 egg egg NNP 32855 979 77 | | CD 32855 979 78 35 35 CD 32855 979 79 | | CD 32855 979 80 43 43 CD 32855 979 81 Total total JJ 32855 979 82 nests nest NNS 32855 979 83 parasitized parasitize VBD 32855 979 84 | | CD 32855 979 85 24 24 CD 32855 979 86 | | CD 32855 979 87 14 14 CD 32855 979 88 Total total JJ 32855 979 89 number number NN 32855 979 90 of of IN 32855 979 91 cowbird cowbird NN 32855 979 92 eggs egg NNS 32855 979 93 | | CD 32855 979 94 33 33 CD 32855 979 95 | | CD 32855 979 96 23 23 CD 32855 979 97 Per per IN 32855 979 98 cent cent NN 32855 979 99 of of IN 32855 979 100 nests nest NNS 32855 979 101 parasitized parasitize VBD 32855 979 102 | | CD 32855 979 103 68.6 68.6 CD 32855 979 104 | | CD 32855 979 105 32.6 32.6 CD 32855 979 106 Total total JJ 32855 979 107 number number NN 32855 979 108 of of IN 32855 979 109 cowbird cowbird NN 32855 979 110 eggs egg NNS 32855 979 111 per per IN 32855 979 112 nest nest NN 32855 979 113 | | CD 32855 979 114 .94 .94 CD 32855 979 115 | | CD 32855 979 116 .54 .54 CD 32855 979 117 --------------------------------------+-------+---------- --------------------------------------+-------+---------- NFP 32855 979 118 The the DT 32855 979 119 percentage percentage NN 32855 979 120 of of IN 32855 979 121 cowbird cowbird NN 32855 979 122 eggs egg NNS 32855 979 123 hatched hatch VBN 32855 979 124 in in IN 32855 979 125 relation relation NN 32855 979 126 to to IN 32855 979 127 the the DT 32855 979 128 number number NN 32855 979 129 laid lay VBN 32855 979 130 is be VBZ 32855 979 131 relatively relatively RB 32855 979 132 low low JJ 32855 979 133 . . . 32855 980 1 For for IN 32855 980 2 instance instance NN 32855 980 3 , , , 32855 980 4 Mumford Mumford NNP 32855 980 5 ( ( -LRB- 32855 980 6 1952:231 1952:231 CD 32855 980 7 ) ) -RRB- 32855 980 8 has have VBZ 32855 980 9 only only RB 32855 980 10 one one CD 32855 980 11 record record NN 32855 980 12 of of IN 32855 980 13 a a DT 32855 980 14 young young JJ 32855 980 15 cowbird cowbird NN 32855 980 16 successfully successfully RB 32855 980 17 raised raise VBN 32855 980 18 by by IN 32855 980 19 a a DT 32855 980 20 Bell Bell NNP 32855 980 21 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 980 22 . . . 32855 981 1 The the DT 32855 981 2 data datum NNS 32855 981 3 available available JJ 32855 981 4 in in IN 32855 981 5 Bent Bent NNP 32855 981 6 ( ( -LRB- 32855 981 7 1950:260 1950:260 CD 32855 981 8 - - SYM 32855 981 9 261 261 CD 32855 981 10 ) ) -RRB- 32855 981 11 also also RB 32855 981 12 indicate indicate VBP 32855 981 13 that that IN 32855 981 14 the the DT 32855 981 15 percentage percentage NN 32855 981 16 of of IN 32855 981 17 cowbird cowbird NN 32855 981 18 eggs egg NNS 32855 981 19 hatched hatch VBN 32855 981 20 is be VBZ 32855 981 21 small small JJ 32855 981 22 . . . 32855 982 1 The the DT 32855 982 2 Bell Bell NNP 32855 982 3 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 982 4 is be VBZ 32855 982 5 less less RBR 32855 982 6 tolerant tolerant JJ 32855 982 7 of of IN 32855 982 8 cowbird cowbird NN 32855 982 9 parasitism parasitism NN 32855 982 10 than than IN 32855 982 11 are be VBP 32855 982 12 many many JJ 32855 982 13 of of IN 32855 982 14 the the DT 32855 982 15 species specie NNS 32855 982 16 so so RB 32855 982 17 victimized victimize VBD 32855 982 18 , , , 32855 982 19 but but CC 32855 982 20 is be VBZ 32855 982 21 not not RB 32855 982 22 so so RB 32855 982 23 intolerant intolerant JJ 32855 982 24 as as IN 32855 982 25 the the DT 32855 982 26 Robin Robin NNP 32855 982 27 , , , 32855 982 28 Catbird Catbird NNP 32855 982 29 , , , 32855 982 30 and and CC 32855 982 31 the the DT 32855 982 32 Yellow Yellow NNP 32855 982 33 - - HYPH 32855 982 34 breasted breasted JJ 32855 982 35 Chat Chat NNP 32855 982 36 ( ( -LRB- 32855 982 37 Friedmann Friedmann NNP 32855 982 38 , , , 32855 982 39 1929:193 1929:193 CD 32855 982 40 ) ) -RRB- 32855 982 41 . . . 32855 983 1 SUMMARY SUMMARY NNP 32855 983 2 1 1 CD 32855 983 3 . . . 32855 984 1 The the DT 32855 984 2 behavior behavior NN 32855 984 3 of of IN 32855 984 4 a a DT 32855 984 5 small small JJ 32855 984 6 population population NN 32855 984 7 of of IN 32855 984 8 Bell Bell NNP 32855 984 9 Vireos Vireos NNP 32855 984 10 was be VBD 32855 984 11 studied study VBN 32855 984 12 in in IN 32855 984 13 the the DT 32855 984 14 spring spring NN 32855 984 15 and and CC 32855 984 16 summer summer NN 32855 984 17 of of IN 32855 984 18 1959 1959 CD 32855 984 19 and and CC 32855 984 20 again again RB 32855 984 21 in in IN 32855 984 22 1960 1960 CD 32855 984 23 in in IN 32855 984 24 Douglas Douglas NNP 32855 984 25 County County NNP 32855 984 26 , , , 32855 984 27 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 984 28 , , , 32855 984 29 and and CC 32855 984 30 results result NNS 32855 984 31 are be VBP 32855 984 32 compared compare VBN 32855 984 33 with with IN 32855 984 34 previous previous JJ 32855 984 35 studies study NNS 32855 984 36 elsewhere elsewhere RB 32855 984 37 . . . 32855 985 1 2 2 LS 32855 985 2 . . . 32855 986 1 The the DT 32855 986 2 Bell Bell NNP 32855 986 3 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 986 4 sings sing VBZ 32855 986 5 more more RBR 32855 986 6 often often RB 32855 986 7 daily daily RB 32855 986 8 and and CC 32855 986 9 throughout throughout IN 32855 986 10 the the DT 32855 986 11 nesting nest VBG 32855 986 12 season season NN 32855 986 13 than than IN 32855 986 14 do do VB 32855 986 15 the the DT 32855 986 16 majority majority NN 32855 986 17 of of IN 32855 986 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 32855 986 19 avian avian JJ 32855 986 20 nesting nesting JJ 32855 986 21 associates associate NNS 32855 986 22 . . . 32855 987 1 Six six CD 32855 987 2 types type NNS 32855 987 3 of of IN 32855 987 4 vocalizations vocalization NNS 32855 987 5 are be VBP 32855 987 6 readily readily RB 32855 987 7 distinguishable distinguishable JJ 32855 987 8 in in IN 32855 987 9 the the DT 32855 987 10 field field NN 32855 987 11 : : : 32855 987 12 primary primary JJ 32855 987 13 song song NN 32855 987 14 , , , 32855 987 15 courtship courtship NN 32855 987 16 song song NN 32855 987 17 , , , 32855 987 18 distress distress NN 32855 987 19 call call NN 32855 987 20 , , , 32855 987 21 alarm alarm NN 32855 987 22 note note NN 32855 987 23 , , , 32855 987 24 specialized specialized JJ 32855 987 25 male male JJ 32855 987 26 call call NN 32855 987 27 note note NN 32855 987 28 or or CC 32855 987 29 _ _ NNP 32855 987 30 zip zip NNP 32855 987 31 _ _ NNP 32855 987 32 , , , 32855 987 33 and and CC 32855 987 34 the the DT 32855 987 35 generalized generalize VBN 32855 987 36 call call NN 32855 987 37 note note NN 32855 987 38 or or CC 32855 987 39 _ _ NNP 32855 987 40 chee chee NNP 32855 987 41 _ _ NNP 32855 987 42 . . . 32855 988 1 3 3 LS 32855 988 2 . . . 32855 989 1 Territories territory NNS 32855 989 2 are be VBP 32855 989 3 established establish VBN 32855 989 4 in in IN 32855 989 5 early early JJ 32855 989 6 May May NNP 32855 989 7 and and CC 32855 989 8 occupied occupy VBN 32855 989 9 throughout throughout IN 32855 989 10 the the DT 32855 989 11 breeding breeding NN 32855 989 12 season season NN 32855 989 13 and and CC 32855 989 14 post post JJ 32855 989 15 - - JJ 32855 989 16 breeding breeding JJ 32855 989 17 season season NN 32855 989 18 . . . 32855 990 1 The the DT 32855 990 2 average average JJ 32855 990 3 size size NN 32855 990 4 of of IN 32855 990 5 the the DT 32855 990 6 territories territory NNS 32855 990 7 in in IN 32855 990 8 1960 1960 CD 32855 990 9 was be VBD 32855 990 10 1.25 1.25 CD 32855 990 11 acres acre NNS 32855 990 12 . . . 32855 991 1 Shifting shift VBG 32855 991 2 of of IN 32855 991 3 territorial territorial JJ 32855 991 4 boundaries boundary NNS 32855 991 5 occasionally occasionally RB 32855 991 6 occurs occur VBZ 32855 991 7 after after IN 32855 991 8 nesting nest VBG 32855 991 9 attempts attempt NNS 32855 991 10 . . . 32855 992 1 4 4 LS 32855 992 2 . . . 32855 993 1 Territory territory NN 32855 993 2 is be VBZ 32855 993 3 maintained maintain VBN 32855 993 4 primarily primarily RB 32855 993 5 by by IN 32855 993 6 song song NN 32855 993 7 , , , 32855 993 8 but but CC 32855 993 9 at at IN 32855 993 10 least least JJS 32855 993 11 five five CD 32855 993 12 aggressive aggressive JJ 32855 993 13 displays display NNS 32855 993 14 are be VBP 32855 993 15 manifest manifest JJ 32855 993 16 in in IN 32855 993 17 the the DT 32855 993 18 early early JJ 32855 993 19 phases phase NNS 32855 993 20 of of IN 32855 993 21 territorial territorial JJ 32855 993 22 establishment establishment NN 32855 993 23 . . . 32855 994 1 These these DT 32855 994 2 include include VBP 32855 994 3 : : : 32855 994 4 ( ( -LRB- 32855 994 5 a a DT 32855 994 6 ) ) -RRB- 32855 994 7 vocal vocal JJ 32855 994 8 threat threat NN 32855 994 9 , , , 32855 994 10 ( ( -LRB- 32855 994 11 b b NN 32855 994 12 ) ) -RRB- 32855 994 13 head head NN 32855 994 14 - - HYPH 32855 994 15 forward forward NN 32855 994 16 threat threat NN 32855 994 17 , , , 32855 994 18 ( ( -LRB- 32855 994 19 c c NN 32855 994 20 ) ) -RRB- 32855 994 21 wing wing NN 32855 994 22 - - HYPH 32855 994 23 flicking flicking NN 32855 994 24 and and CC 32855 994 25 sub sub JJ 32855 994 26 - - JJ 32855 994 27 maximal maximal JJ 32855 994 28 tail tail NN 32855 994 29 - - HYPH 32855 994 30 fanning fanning NN 32855 994 31 , , , 32855 994 32 ( ( -LRB- 32855 994 33 d d NN 32855 994 34 ) ) -RRB- 32855 994 35 ruffling ruffling NN 32855 994 36 and and CC 32855 994 37 maximum maximum JJ 32855 994 38 tail tail NN 32855 994 39 - - HYPH 32855 994 40 fanning fanning NN 32855 994 41 , , , 32855 994 42 and and CC 32855 994 43 ( ( -LRB- 32855 994 44 e e NNP 32855 994 45 ) ) -RRB- 32855 994 46 supplanting supplanting NN 32855 994 47 attack attack NN 32855 994 48 . . . 32855 995 1 5 5 CD 32855 995 2 . . . 32855 996 1 The the DT 32855 996 2 precise precise JJ 32855 996 3 mechanism mechanism NN 32855 996 4 of of IN 32855 996 5 pair pair NN 32855 996 6 - - HYPH 32855 996 7 formation formation NN 32855 996 8 in in IN 32855 996 9 the the DT 32855 996 10 Bell Bell NNP 32855 996 11 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 996 12 is be VBZ 32855 996 13 not not RB 32855 996 14 known know VBN 32855 996 15 . . . 32855 997 1 Early early JJ 32855 997 2 courtship courtship NN 32855 997 3 activities activity NNS 32855 997 4 are be VBP 32855 997 5 characteristically characteristically RB 32855 997 6 violent violent JJ 32855 997 7 affairs affair NNS 32855 997 8 . . . 32855 998 1 Absence absence NN 32855 998 2 of of IN 32855 998 3 sexual sexual JJ 32855 998 4 dimorphism dimorphism NN 32855 998 5 suggests suggest VBZ 32855 998 6 that that IN 32855 998 7 behavioral behavioral JJ 32855 998 8 criteria criterion NNS 32855 998 9 are be VBP 32855 998 10 used use VBN 32855 998 11 by by IN 32855 998 12 the the DT 32855 998 13 birds bird NNS 32855 998 14 in in IN 32855 998 15 sex sex NN 32855 998 16 - - HYPH 32855 998 17 recognition recognition NN 32855 998 18 ; ; : 32855 998 19 the the DT 32855 998 20 male male NN 32855 998 21 is be VBZ 32855 998 22 dominant dominant JJ 32855 998 23 and and CC 32855 998 24 the the DT 32855 998 25 female female NN 32855 998 26 is be VBZ 32855 998 27 subordinate subordinate JJ 32855 998 28 . . . 32855 999 1 6 6 CD 32855 999 2 . . . 32855 1000 1 The the DT 32855 1000 2 principal principal JJ 32855 1000 3 displays display NNS 32855 1000 4 associated associate VBN 32855 1000 5 with with IN 32855 1000 6 courtship courtship NN 32855 1000 7 include include VBP 32855 1000 8 : : : 32855 1000 9 greeting greeting NN 32855 1000 10 ceremonies ceremony NNS 32855 1000 11 , , , 32855 1000 12 " " '' 32855 1000 13 pouncing pounce VBG 32855 1000 14 , , , 32855 1000 15 " " '' 32855 1000 16 " " `` 32855 1000 17 leap leap NN 32855 1000 18 - - HYPH 32855 1000 19 flutter flutter NNP 32855 1000 20 , , , 32855 1000 21 " " '' 32855 1000 22 pre- pre- NN 32855 1000 23 and and CC 32855 1000 24 post post JJ 32855 1000 25 - - JJ 32855 1000 26 copulatory copulatory JJ 32855 1000 27 displays display NNS 32855 1000 28 , , , 32855 1000 29 and and CC 32855 1000 30 the the DT 32855 1000 31 posture posture NN 32855 1000 32 , , , 32855 1000 33 copulation copulation NN 32855 1000 34 . . . 32855 1001 1 The the DT 32855 1001 2 marked marked JJ 32855 1001 3 similarity similarity NN 32855 1001 4 between between IN 32855 1001 5 elements element NNS 32855 1001 6 of of IN 32855 1001 7 courtship courtship NN 32855 1001 8 display display NN 32855 1001 9 and and CC 32855 1001 10 aggressive aggressive JJ 32855 1001 11 display display NN 32855 1001 12 suggests suggest VBZ 32855 1001 13 common common JJ 32855 1001 14 origin origin NN 32855 1001 15 or or CC 32855 1001 16 the the DT 32855 1001 17 derivation derivation NN 32855 1001 18 of of IN 32855 1001 19 one one CD 32855 1001 20 from from IN 32855 1001 21 the the DT 32855 1001 22 other other JJ 32855 1001 23 . . . 32855 1002 1 7 7 LS 32855 1002 2 . . . 32855 1003 1 The the DT 32855 1003 2 nest nest NN 32855 1003 3 - - HYPH 32855 1003 4 site site NN 32855 1003 5 probably probably RB 32855 1003 6 is be VBZ 32855 1003 7 selected select VBN 32855 1003 8 by by IN 32855 1003 9 the the DT 32855 1003 10 female female NN 32855 1003 11 . . . 32855 1004 1 Nests nest NNS 32855 1004 2 are be VBP 32855 1004 3 suspended suspend VBN 32855 1004 4 from from IN 32855 1004 5 lateral lateral JJ 32855 1004 6 or or CC 32855 1004 7 terminal terminal JJ 32855 1004 8 forks fork NNS 32855 1004 9 about about RB 32855 1004 10 2 2 CD 32855 1004 11 feet foot NNS 32855 1004 12 3 3 CD 32855 1004 13 inches inch NNS 32855 1004 14 high high JJ 32855 1004 15 in in IN 32855 1004 16 small small JJ 32855 1004 17 trees tree NNS 32855 1004 18 and and CC 32855 1004 19 shrubs shrub NNS 32855 1004 20 averaging average VBG 32855 1004 21 11 11 CD 32855 1004 22 feet foot NNS 32855 1004 23 2 2 CD 32855 1004 24 inches inch NNS 32855 1004 25 in in IN 32855 1004 26 height height NN 32855 1004 27 . . . 32855 1005 1 8 8 LS 32855 1005 2 . . . 32855 1006 1 Nestbuilding Nestbuilding NNP 32855 1006 2 is be VBZ 32855 1006 3 intimately intimately RB 32855 1006 4 associated associate VBN 32855 1006 5 with with IN 32855 1006 6 courtship courtship NN 32855 1006 7 and and CC 32855 1006 8 is be VBZ 32855 1006 9 a a DT 32855 1006 10 responsibility responsibility NN 32855 1006 11 of of IN 32855 1006 12 both both DT 32855 1006 13 sexes sex NNS 32855 1006 14 . . . 32855 1007 1 The the DT 32855 1007 2 male male NN 32855 1007 3 builds build VBZ 32855 1007 4 the the DT 32855 1007 5 suspension suspension NN 32855 1007 6 apparatus apparatus NN 32855 1007 7 and and CC 32855 1007 8 the the DT 32855 1007 9 female female JJ 32855 1007 10 constructs construct NNS 32855 1007 11 and and CC 32855 1007 12 lines line VBZ 32855 1007 13 the the DT 32855 1007 14 bag bag NN 32855 1007 15 . . . 32855 1008 1 Both both DT 32855 1008 2 sexes sex NNS 32855 1008 3 participate participate VBP 32855 1008 4 in in IN 32855 1008 5 adorning adorn VBG 32855 1008 6 the the DT 32855 1008 7 exterior exterior NN 32855 1008 8 . . . 32855 1009 1 Construction construction NN 32855 1009 2 lasts last VBZ 32855 1009 3 from from IN 32855 1009 4 four four CD 32855 1009 5 and and CC 32855 1009 6 one one CD 32855 1009 7 - - HYPH 32855 1009 8 half half NN 32855 1009 9 to to TO 32855 1009 10 five five CD 32855 1009 11 days day NNS 32855 1009 12 . . . 32855 1010 1 9 9 CD 32855 1010 2 . . . 32855 1011 1 The the DT 32855 1011 2 nest nest NN 32855 1011 3 is be VBZ 32855 1011 4 compact compact JJ 32855 1011 5 , , , 32855 1011 6 pendant pendant JJ 32855 1011 7 , , , 32855 1011 8 and and CC 32855 1011 9 composed compose VBN 32855 1011 10 of of IN 32855 1011 11 strips strip NNS 32855 1011 12 of of IN 32855 1011 13 bark bark NN 32855 1011 14 and and CC 32855 1011 15 strands strand NNS 32855 1011 16 of of IN 32855 1011 17 grasses grass NNS 32855 1011 18 that that WDT 32855 1011 19 are be VBP 32855 1011 20 interwoven interwoven JJ 32855 1011 21 and and CC 32855 1011 22 tightly tightly RB 32855 1011 23 bound bind VBN 32855 1011 24 with with IN 32855 1011 25 animal animal NN 32855 1011 26 silk silk NN 32855 1011 27 . . . 32855 1012 1 Nests nest NNS 32855 1012 2 built build VBN 32855 1012 3 in in IN 32855 1012 4 May May NNP 32855 1012 5 are be VBP 32855 1012 6 bulkier bulky JJR 32855 1012 7 than than IN 32855 1012 8 those those DT 32855 1012 9 constructed construct VBN 32855 1012 10 later later RB 32855 1012 11 in in IN 32855 1012 12 the the DT 32855 1012 13 season season NN 32855 1012 14 . . . 32855 1013 1 10 10 CD 32855 1013 2 . . . 32855 1014 1 Egglaying Egglaying NNP 32855 1014 2 begins begin VBZ 32855 1014 3 on on IN 32855 1014 4 the the DT 32855 1014 5 first first JJ 32855 1014 6 or or CC 32855 1014 7 second second JJ 32855 1014 8 day day NN 32855 1014 9 after after IN 32855 1014 10 the the DT 32855 1014 11 nest nest NN 32855 1014 12 is be VBZ 32855 1014 13 completed complete VBN 32855 1014 14 . . . 32855 1015 1 The the DT 32855 1015 2 eggs egg NNS 32855 1015 3 are be VBP 32855 1015 4 deposited deposit VBN 32855 1015 5 early early RB 32855 1015 6 in in IN 32855 1015 7 the the DT 32855 1015 8 morning morning NN 32855 1015 9 . . . 32855 1016 1 The the DT 32855 1016 2 average average JJ 32855 1016 3 clutch clutch NN 32855 1016 4 - - HYPH 32855 1016 5 size size NN 32855 1016 6 of of IN 32855 1016 7 the the DT 32855 1016 8 Bell Bell NNP 32855 1016 9 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 1016 10 in in IN 32855 1016 11 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 1016 12 is be VBZ 32855 1016 13 3.39 3.39 CD 32855 1016 14 eggs egg NNS 32855 1016 15 . . . 32855 1017 1 11 11 CD 32855 1017 2 . . . 32855 1018 1 Both both DT 32855 1018 2 sexes sex NNS 32855 1018 3 sit sit VBP 32855 1018 4 on on IN 32855 1018 5 the the DT 32855 1018 6 eggs egg NNS 32855 1018 7 , , , 32855 1018 8 but but CC 32855 1018 9 only only RB 32855 1018 10 the the DT 32855 1018 11 female female NN 32855 1018 12 truly truly RB 32855 1018 13 incubates incubate VBZ 32855 1018 14 because because IN 32855 1018 15 the the DT 32855 1018 16 male male NN 32855 1018 17 lacks lack VBZ 32855 1018 18 a a DT 32855 1018 19 brood brood NN 32855 1018 20 patch patch NN 32855 1018 21 . . . 32855 1019 1 Incubation incubation NN 32855 1019 2 lasts last VBZ 32855 1019 3 fourteen fourteen CD 32855 1019 4 days day NNS 32855 1019 5 . . . 32855 1020 1 12 12 CD 32855 1020 2 . . . 32855 1021 1 The the DT 32855 1021 2 Bell Bell NNP 32855 1021 3 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 1021 4 is be VBZ 32855 1021 5 double double RB 32855 1021 6 - - HYPH 32855 1021 7 brooded brooded JJ 32855 1021 8 in in IN 32855 1021 9 " " `` 32855 1021 10 good good JJ 32855 1021 11 " " '' 32855 1021 12 years year NNS 32855 1021 13 . . . 32855 1022 1 13 13 CD 32855 1022 2 . . . 32855 1023 1 Nesting nest VBG 32855 1023 2 failure failure NN 32855 1023 3 resulted result VBD 32855 1023 4 from from IN 32855 1023 5 severe severe JJ 32855 1023 6 weather weather NN 32855 1023 7 , , , 32855 1023 8 predation predation NN 32855 1023 9 , , , 32855 1023 10 parasitism parasitism NN 32855 1023 11 by by IN 32855 1023 12 cowbirds cowbird NNS 32855 1023 13 , , , 32855 1023 14 and and CC 32855 1023 15 human human JJ 32855 1023 16 interference interference NN 32855 1023 17 . . . 32855 1024 1 Behavior behavior NN 32855 1024 2 that that WDT 32855 1024 3 contributes contribute VBZ 32855 1024 4 to to IN 32855 1024 5 nesting nest VBG 32855 1024 6 failure failure NN 32855 1024 7 is be VBZ 32855 1024 8 selection selection NN 32855 1024 9 of of IN 32855 1024 10 an an DT 32855 1024 11 unfavorable unfavorable JJ 32855 1024 12 nest nest NN 32855 1024 13 - - HYPH 32855 1024 14 site site NN 32855 1024 15 , , , 32855 1024 16 singing singe VBG 32855 1024 17 on on RP 32855 1024 18 and and CC 32855 1024 19 near near IN 32855 1024 20 the the DT 32855 1024 21 nest nest NN 32855 1024 22 , , , 32855 1024 23 and and CC 32855 1024 24 the the DT 32855 1024 25 tendency tendency NN 32855 1024 26 to to TO 32855 1024 27 flush flush VB 32855 1024 28 from from IN 32855 1024 29 the the DT 32855 1024 30 nest nest NN 32855 1024 31 in in IN 32855 1024 32 view view NN 32855 1024 33 of of IN 32855 1024 34 potential potential JJ 32855 1024 35 enemies enemy NNS 32855 1024 36 . . . 32855 1025 1 LITERATURE LITERATURE NNP 32855 1025 2 CITED cite VBD 32855 1025 3 AMERICAN AMERICAN NNP 32855 1025 4 ORNITHOLOGISTS ORNITHOLOGISTS NNP 32855 1025 5 ' ' POS 32855 1025 6 UNION UNION NNP 32855 1025 7 1957 1957 CD 32855 1025 8 . . . 32855 1026 1 Check check NN 32855 1026 2 - - HYPH 32855 1026 3 list list NN 32855 1026 4 of of IN 32855 1026 5 North north JJ 32855 1026 6 American american JJ 32855 1026 7 birds bird NNS 32855 1026 8 . . . 32855 1027 1 Fifth fifth JJ 32855 1027 2 ed ed NN 32855 1027 3 . . . 32855 1028 1 Baltimore Baltimore NNP 32855 1028 2 , , , 32855 1028 3 The the DT 32855 1028 4 Lord Lord NNP 32855 1028 5 Baltimore Baltimore NNP 32855 1028 6 Press Press NNP 32855 1028 7 , , , 32855 1028 8 The the DT 32855 1028 9 American American NNP 32855 1028 10 Ornithologists Ornithologists NNPS 32855 1028 11 ' ' POS 32855 1028 12 Union Union NNP 32855 1028 13 , , , 32855 1028 14 iv iv NNS 32855 1028 15 + + CC 32855 1028 16 691 691 CD 32855 1028 17 pp pp NN 32855 1028 18 . . . 32855 1029 1 ANDREW ANDREW NNP 32855 1029 2 , , , 32855 1029 3 R. R. NNP 32855 1029 4 J. J. NNP 32855 1030 1 1956 1956 CD 32855 1030 2 . . . 32855 1031 1 Intention intention NN 32855 1031 2 movements movement NNS 32855 1031 3 of of IN 32855 1031 4 flight flight NN 32855 1031 5 in in IN 32855 1031 6 certain certain JJ 32855 1031 7 passerines passerine NNS 32855 1031 8 , , , 32855 1031 9 and and CC 32855 1031 10 their -PRON- PRP$ 32855 1031 11 use use NN 32855 1031 12 in in IN 32855 1031 13 systematics systematic NNS 32855 1031 14 . . . 32855 1032 1 Behaviour Behaviour NNP 32855 1032 2 , , , 32855 1032 3 10:79 10:79 CD 32855 1032 4 - - SYM 32855 1032 5 204 204 CD 32855 1032 6 . . . 32855 1033 1 BAILEY BAILEY NNP 32855 1033 2 , , , 32855 1033 3 R. R. NNP 32855 1033 4 E. E. NNP 32855 1033 5 1952 1952 CD 32855 1033 6 . . . 32855 1034 1 The the DT 32855 1034 2 incubation incubation NN 32855 1034 3 patch patch NN 32855 1034 4 of of IN 32855 1034 5 passerine passerine NN 32855 1034 6 birds bird NNS 32855 1034 7 . . . 32855 1035 1 Condor Condor NNP 32855 1035 2 , , , 32855 1035 3 54:121 54:121 CD 32855 1035 4 - - SYM 32855 1035 5 136 136 CD 32855 1035 6 . . . 32855 1036 1 BENNETT BENNETT NNP 32855 1036 2 , , , 32855 1036 3 W. W. NNP 32855 1036 4 W. W. NNP 32855 1036 5 1917 1917 CD 32855 1036 6 . . . 32855 1037 1 Bell Bell NNP 32855 1037 2 's 's POS 32855 1037 3 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 1037 4 studies study NNS 32855 1037 5 ( ( -LRB- 32855 1037 6 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 1037 7 bellii bellii NN 32855 1037 8 Aud Aud NNP 32855 1037 9 . . . 32855 1037 10 ) ) -RRB- 32855 1037 11 . . . 32855 1038 1 Proc Proc NNP 32855 1038 2 . . . 32855 1039 1 Iowa Iowa NNP 32855 1039 2 Acad Acad NNP 32855 1039 3 . . . 32855 1040 1 Sci Sci NNP 32855 1040 2 . . NNP 32855 1040 3 , , , 32855 1040 4 24:285 24:285 CD 32855 1040 5 - - SYM 32855 1040 6 293 293 CD 32855 1040 7 . . . 32855 1041 1 BENT BENT NNP 32855 1041 2 , , , 32855 1041 3 A. a. NN 32855 1041 4 C. C. NNP 32855 1041 5 1950 1950 CD 32855 1041 6 . . . 32855 1042 1 Life life NN 32855 1042 2 histories history NNS 32855 1042 3 of of IN 32855 1042 4 North north JJ 32855 1042 5 American american JJ 32855 1042 6 wagtails wagtail NNS 32855 1042 7 , , , 32855 1042 8 shrikes shrike NNS 32855 1042 9 , , , 32855 1042 10 vireos vireo NNS 32855 1042 11 and and CC 32855 1042 12 their -PRON- PRP$ 32855 1042 13 allies ally NNS 32855 1042 14 . . . 32855 1043 1 Smithsonian Smithsonian NNP 32855 1043 2 Inst Inst NNP 32855 1043 3 . . NNP 32855 1043 4 , , , 32855 1043 5 U. U. NNP 32855 1043 6 S. S. NNP 32855 1043 7 Nat Nat NNP 32855 1043 8 . . . 32855 1044 1 Mus mus NN 32855 1044 2 . . . 32855 1045 1 Bull Bull NNP 32855 1045 2 . . NNP 32855 1045 3 , , , 32855 1045 4 197 197 CD 32855 1045 5 : : : 32855 1045 6 vii vii NN 32855 1045 7 + + SYM 32855 1045 8 411 411 CD 32855 1045 9 pp pp NN 32855 1045 10 . . . 32855 1045 11 , , , 32855 1045 12 48 48 CD 32855 1045 13 pls pls UH 32855 1045 14 . . . 32855 1046 1 BUNKER BUNKER NNP 32855 1046 2 , , , 32855 1046 3 C. C. NNP 32855 1046 4 D. D. NNP 32855 1046 5 1910 1910 CD 32855 1046 6 . . . 32855 1047 1 Habits habit NNS 32855 1047 2 of of IN 32855 1047 3 the the DT 32855 1047 4 Black black JJ 32855 1047 5 - - HYPH 32855 1047 6 capt capt NN 32855 1047 7 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 1047 8 ( ( -LRB- 32855 1047 9 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 1047 10 atricapillus atricapillus RB 32855 1047 11 ) ) -RRB- 32855 1047 12 . . . 32855 1048 1 Condor Condor NNP 32855 1048 2 , , , 32855 1048 3 12:70 12:70 CD 32855 1048 4 - - SYM 32855 1048 5 73 73 CD 32855 1048 6 . . . 32855 1049 1 CHAPIN CHAPIN NNP 32855 1049 2 , , , 32855 1049 3 E. E. NNP 32855 1049 4 A. A. NNP 32855 1050 1 1925 1925 CD 32855 1050 2 . . . 32855 1051 1 Food food NN 32855 1051 2 habits habit NNS 32855 1051 3 of of IN 32855 1051 4 the the DT 32855 1051 5 vireos vireos NN 32855 1051 6 ; ; : 32855 1051 7 a a DT 32855 1051 8 family family NN 32855 1051 9 of of IN 32855 1051 10 insectivorous insectivorous JJ 32855 1051 11 birds bird NNS 32855 1051 12 . . . 32855 1052 1 U. U. NNP 32855 1052 2 S. S. NNP 32855 1052 3 Dept Dept NNP 32855 1052 4 . . . 32855 1053 1 Agric agric NN 32855 1053 2 . . . 32855 1054 1 Bull Bull NNP 32855 1054 2 . . . 32855 1054 3 , , , 32855 1054 4 1355:1 1355:1 CD 32855 1054 5 - - SYM 32855 1054 6 44 44 CD 32855 1054 7 . . . 32855 1055 1 COMMON COMMON NNP 32855 1055 2 , , , 32855 1055 3 M. M. NNP 32855 1055 4 A. A. NNP 32855 1056 1 1934 1934 CD 32855 1056 2 . . . 32855 1057 1 Notes note NNS 32855 1057 2 on on IN 32855 1057 3 a a DT 32855 1057 4 Red red JJ 32855 1057 5 - - HYPH 32855 1057 6 eyed eyed JJ 32855 1057 7 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 1057 8 's 's POS 32855 1057 9 nest nest NN 32855 1057 10 . . . 32855 1058 1 Auk auk NN 32855 1058 2 , , , 32855 1058 3 51:241 51:241 CD 32855 1058 4 - - SYM 32855 1058 5 242 242 CD 32855 1058 6 . . . 32855 1059 1 COOKE COOKE NNP 32855 1059 2 , , , 32855 1059 3 W. W. NNP 32855 1059 4 W. W. NNP 32855 1059 5 1909 1909 CD 32855 1059 6 . . . 32855 1060 1 The the DT 32855 1060 2 migration migration NN 32855 1060 3 of of IN 32855 1060 4 vireos vireo NNS 32855 1060 5 . . . 32855 1061 1 Bird Bird NNP 32855 1061 2 Lore Lore NNP 32855 1061 3 , , , 32855 1061 4 11:78 11:78 CD 32855 1061 5 - - SYM 32855 1061 6 82 82 CD 32855 1061 7 , , , 32855 1061 8 118 118 CD 32855 1061 9 - - SYM 32855 1061 10 120 120 CD 32855 1061 11 , , , 32855 1061 12 165 165 CD 32855 1061 13 - - SYM 32855 1061 14 168 168 CD 32855 1061 15 . . . 32855 1062 1 FITCH FITCH NNP 32855 1062 2 , , , 32855 1062 3 H. H. NNP 32855 1062 4 S. S. NNP 32855 1062 5 1958 1958 CD 32855 1062 6 . . . 32855 1063 1 Home home NN 32855 1063 2 ranges range NNS 32855 1063 3 , , , 32855 1063 4 territories territory NNS 32855 1063 5 and and CC 32855 1063 6 seasonal seasonal JJ 32855 1063 7 movements movement NNS 32855 1063 8 of of IN 32855 1063 9 vertebrates vertebrate NNS 32855 1063 10 of of IN 32855 1063 11 the the DT 32855 1063 12 Natural Natural NNP 32855 1063 13 History History NNP 32855 1063 14 Reservation Reservation NNP 32855 1063 15 . . . 32855 1064 1 Univ Univ NNP 32855 1064 2 . . . 32855 1065 1 of of IN 32855 1065 2 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 1065 3 Publ Publ NNP 32855 1065 4 . . . 32855 1066 1 Mus mus NN 32855 1066 2 . . . 32855 1067 1 of of IN 32855 1067 2 Nat Nat NNP 32855 1067 3 . . . 32855 1068 1 Hist Hist NNP 32855 1068 2 . . . 32855 1068 3 , , , 32855 1068 4 11:3:63 11:3:63 CD 32855 1068 5 - - SYM 32855 1068 6 326 326 CD 32855 1068 7 . . . 32855 1069 1 FRIEDMANN FRIEDMANN NNP 32855 1069 2 , , , 32855 1069 3 H. H. NNP 32855 1069 4 1929 1929 CD 32855 1069 5 . . . 32855 1070 1 The the DT 32855 1070 2 Cowbirds cowbird NNS 32855 1070 3 . . . 32855 1071 1 Charles Charles NNP 32855 1071 2 C. C. NNP 32855 1071 3 Thomas Thomas NNP 32855 1071 4 , , , 32855 1071 5 Springfield Springfield NNP 32855 1071 6 , , , 32855 1071 7 Illinois Illinois NNP 32855 1071 8 , , , 32855 1071 9 xviii xviii NN 32855 1071 10 + + CC 32855 1071 11 421 421 CD 32855 1071 12 pp pp NN 32855 1071 13 . . . 32855 1072 1 GOSS GOSS NNP 32855 1072 2 , , , 32855 1072 3 N. N. NNP 32855 1072 4 S. S. NNP 32855 1072 5 1891 1891 CD 32855 1072 6 . . . 32855 1073 1 History history NN 32855 1073 2 of of IN 32855 1073 3 the the DT 32855 1073 4 birds bird NNS 32855 1073 5 of of IN 32855 1073 6 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 1073 7 . . . 32855 1074 1 Topeka Topeka NNP 32855 1074 2 , , , 32855 1074 3 Geo Geo NNP 32855 1074 4 . . . 32855 1075 1 W. W. NNP 32855 1075 2 Crane Crane NNP 32855 1075 3 & & CC 32855 1075 4 Co. Co. NNP 32855 1076 1 Printers printer NNS 32855 1076 2 and and CC 32855 1076 3 Binders binder NNS 32855 1076 4 . . . 32855 1077 1 692 692 CD 32855 1077 2 pp pp NNP 32855 1077 3 . . . 32855 1078 1 GRABER GRABER NNP 32855 1078 2 , , , 32855 1078 3 R. R. NNP 32855 1078 4 R. R. NNP 32855 1078 5 1955 1955 CD 32855 1078 6 . . . 32855 1079 1 Artificial artificial JJ 32855 1079 2 incubation incubation NN 32855 1079 3 of of IN 32855 1079 4 some some DT 32855 1079 5 non non JJ 32855 1079 6 - - JJ 32855 1079 7 galliform galliform JJ 32855 1079 8 eggs egg NNS 32855 1079 9 . . . 32855 1080 1 Wilson Wilson NNP 32855 1080 2 Bull Bull NNP 32855 1080 3 . . . 32855 1080 4 , , , 32855 1080 5 67:100 67:100 CD 32855 1080 6 - - HYPH 32855 1080 7 109 109 CD 32855 1080 8 . . . 32855 1081 1 HAMILTON HAMILTON NNP 32855 1081 2 , , , 32855 1081 3 T. T. NNP 32855 1081 4 H. H. NNP 32855 1081 5 1958 1958 CD 32855 1081 6 . . . 32855 1082 1 Adaptive adaptive JJ 32855 1082 2 variation variation NN 32855 1082 3 in in IN 32855 1082 4 the the DT 32855 1082 5 genus genus JJ 32855 1082 6 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 1082 7 . . . 32855 1083 1 Wilson Wilson NNP 32855 1083 2 Bull Bull NNP 32855 1083 3 . . NNP 32855 1083 4 , , , 32855 1083 5 70:307 70:307 CD 32855 1083 6 - - SYM 32855 1083 7 346 346 CD 32855 1083 8 . . . 32855 1084 1 HAUSER HAUSER NNP 32855 1084 2 , , , 32855 1084 3 D. D. NNP 32855 1084 4 C. C. NNP 32855 1084 5 1957 1957 CD 32855 1084 6 . . . 32855 1085 1 Some some DT 32855 1085 2 observations observation NNS 32855 1085 3 on on IN 32855 1085 4 sun sun NN 32855 1085 5 - - HYPH 32855 1085 6 bathing bathing NN 32855 1085 7 in in IN 32855 1085 8 birds bird NNS 32855 1085 9 . . . 32855 1086 1 Wilson Wilson NNP 32855 1086 2 Bull Bull NNP 32855 1086 3 . . . 32855 1086 4 , , , 32855 1086 5 69:78 69:78 CD 32855 1086 6 - - SYM 32855 1086 7 90 90 CD 32855 1086 8 . . . 32855 1087 1 1959 1959 CD 32855 1087 2 . . . 32855 1088 1 Notes note NNS 32855 1088 2 on on IN 32855 1088 3 pairing pair VBG 32855 1088 4 and and CC 32855 1088 5 nestbuilding nestbuilding NN 32855 1088 6 of of IN 32855 1088 7 mismatched mismatch VBN 32855 1088 8 vireos vireo NNS 32855 1088 9 . . . 32855 1089 1 Wilson Wilson NNP 32855 1089 2 Bull Bull NNP 32855 1089 3 . . NNP 32855 1089 4 , , , 32855 1089 5 71:383 71:383 CD 32855 1089 6 - - SYM 32855 1089 7 384 384 CD 32855 1089 8 . . . 32855 1090 1 HENSLEY HENSLEY NNP 32855 1090 2 , , , 32855 1090 3 MAX MAX NNP 32855 1090 4 1950 1950 CD 32855 1090 5 . . . 32855 1091 1 Notes note NNS 32855 1091 2 on on IN 32855 1091 3 the the DT 32855 1091 4 breeding breed VBG 32855 1091 5 behavior behavior NN 32855 1091 6 of of IN 32855 1091 7 the the DT 32855 1091 8 Bell Bell NNP 32855 1091 9 's 's POS 32855 1091 10 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 1091 11 . . . 32855 1092 1 Auk auk NN 32855 1092 2 , , , 32855 1092 3 67:243 67:243 CD 32855 1092 4 - - SYM 32855 1092 5 244 244 CD 32855 1092 6 . . . 32855 1093 1 HINDE HINDE NNP 32855 1093 2 , , , 32855 1093 3 R. R. NNP 32855 1093 4 A. A. NNP 32855 1094 1 1952 1952 CD 32855 1094 2 . . . 32855 1095 1 The the DT 32855 1095 2 behaviour behaviour NN 32855 1095 3 of of IN 32855 1095 4 the the DT 32855 1095 5 Great Great NNP 32855 1095 6 Tit Tit NNP 32855 1095 7 ( ( -LRB- 32855 1095 8 Parus Parus NNP 32855 1095 9 major major JJ 32855 1095 10 ) ) -RRB- 32855 1095 11 and and CC 32855 1095 12 some some DT 32855 1095 13 other other JJ 32855 1095 14 related related JJ 32855 1095 15 species specie NNS 32855 1095 16 . . . 32855 1096 1 Leiden Leiden NNP 32855 1096 2 : : : 32855 1096 3 E. E. NNP 32855 1096 4 J. J. NNP 32855 1096 5 Brill Brill NNP 32855 1096 6 , , , 32855 1096 7 x x SYM 32855 1096 8 + + SYM 32855 1096 9 201 201 CD 32855 1096 10 pp pp NN 32855 1096 11 . . . 32855 1097 1 1956 1956 CD 32855 1097 2 . . . 32855 1098 1 The the DT 32855 1098 2 biological biological JJ 32855 1098 3 significance significance NN 32855 1098 4 of of IN 32855 1098 5 the the DT 32855 1098 6 territories territory NNS 32855 1098 7 of of IN 32855 1098 8 birds bird NNS 32855 1098 9 , , , 32855 1098 10 Ibis Ibis NNP 32855 1098 11 , , , 32855 1098 12 98:340 98:340 CD 32855 1098 13 - - SYM 32855 1098 14 369 369 CD 32855 1098 15 . . . 32855 1099 1 HINDE HINDE NNP 32855 1099 2 , , , 32855 1099 3 R. R. NNP 32855 1099 4 A. A. NNP 32855 1099 5 , , , 32855 1099 6 and and CC 32855 1099 7 TINBERGEN TINBERGEN NNP 32855 1099 8 , , , 32855 1099 9 N. N. NNP 32855 1099 10 1958 1958 CD 32855 1099 11 . . . 32855 1100 1 The the DT 32855 1100 2 comparative comparative JJ 32855 1100 3 study study NN 32855 1100 4 of of IN 32855 1100 5 species species NN 32855 1100 6 - - HYPH 32855 1100 7 specific specific JJ 32855 1100 8 behavior behavior NN 32855 1100 9 . . . 32855 1101 1 In in IN 32855 1101 2 Behavior Behavior NNP 32855 1101 3 and and CC 32855 1101 4 Evolution Evolution NNP 32855 1101 5 ( ( -LRB- 32855 1101 6 Yale Yale NNP 32855 1101 7 University University NNP 32855 1101 8 Press Press NNP 32855 1101 9 , , , 32855 1101 10 New New NNP 32855 1101 11 Haven Haven NNP 32855 1101 12 ) ) -RRB- 32855 1101 13 , , , 32855 1101 14 pp pp NNP 32855 1101 15 . . . 32855 1102 1 251 251 CD 32855 1102 2 - - SYM 32855 1102 3 268 268 CD 32855 1102 4 . . . 32855 1103 1 KLUIJVER KLUIJVER NNP 32855 1103 2 , , , 32855 1103 3 H. H. NNP 32855 1103 4 N. N. NNP 32855 1103 5 1951 1951 CD 32855 1103 6 . . . 32855 1104 1 The the DT 32855 1104 2 population population NN 32855 1104 3 ecology ecology NN 32855 1104 4 of of IN 32855 1104 5 the the DT 32855 1104 6 great great JJ 32855 1104 7 tit tit NN 32855 1104 8 , , , 32855 1104 9 Parus Parus NNP 32855 1104 10 m. m. NN 32855 1104 11 major major JJ 32855 1104 12 L. L. NNP 32855 1104 13 Ardea Ardea NNP 32855 1104 14 , , , 32855 1104 15 39:1 39:1 CD 32855 1104 16 - - SYM 32855 1104 17 135 135 CD 32855 1104 18 . . . 32855 1105 1 LACK LACK NNP 32855 1105 2 , , , 32855 1105 3 D. D. NNP 32855 1105 4 1947 1947 CD 32855 1105 5 . . . 32855 1106 1 The the DT 32855 1106 2 significance significance NN 32855 1106 3 of of IN 32855 1106 4 clutch clutch NN 32855 1106 5 - - HYPH 32855 1106 6 size size NN 32855 1106 7 . . . 32855 1107 1 Ibis Ibis NNP 32855 1107 2 , , , 32855 1107 3 89:302 89:302 CD 32855 1107 4 - - SYM 32855 1107 5 352 352 CD 32855 1107 6 . . . 32855 1108 1 LAWRENCE LAWRENCE NNP 32855 1108 2 , , , 32855 1108 3 L. L. NNP 32855 1108 4 DE DE NNP 32855 1108 5 K. K. NNP 32855 1108 6 1953 1953 CD 32855 1108 7 . . . 32855 1109 1 Nesting nest VBG 32855 1109 2 life life NN 32855 1109 3 and and CC 32855 1109 4 behavior behavior NN 32855 1109 5 of of IN 32855 1109 6 the the DT 32855 1109 7 Red red JJ 32855 1109 8 - - HYPH 32855 1109 9 eyed eye VBN 32855 1109 10 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 1109 11 . . . 32855 1110 1 Can Can MD 32855 1110 2 . . . 32855 1111 1 Field field NN 32855 1111 2 - - HYPH 32855 1111 3 Nat Nat NNP 32855 1111 4 . . . 32855 1111 5 , , , 32855 1111 6 67:46 67:46 CD 32855 1111 7 - - SYM 32855 1111 8 77 77 CD 32855 1111 9 . . . 32855 1112 1 LEWIS LEWIS NNP 32855 1112 2 , , , 32855 1112 3 H. H. NNP 32855 1112 4 F. F. NNP 32855 1112 5 1921 1921 CD 32855 1112 6 . . . 32855 1113 1 A a DT 32855 1113 2 nesting nesting NN 32855 1113 3 of of IN 32855 1113 4 the the DT 32855 1113 5 Philadelphia Philadelphia NNP 32855 1113 6 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 1113 7 . . . 32855 1114 1 Auk auk NN 32855 1114 2 , , , 32855 1114 3 38:26 38:26 CD 32855 1114 4 - - SYM 32855 1114 5 44 44 CD 32855 1114 6 , , , 32855 1114 7 185 185 CD 32855 1114 8 - - SYM 32855 1114 9 202 202 CD 32855 1114 10 . . . 32855 1115 1 LINSDALE LINSDALE NNP 32855 1115 2 , , , 32855 1115 3 J. J. NNP 32855 1115 4 M. M. NNP 32855 1115 5 1928 1928 CD 32855 1115 6 . . . 32855 1116 1 Birds bird NNS 32855 1116 2 of of IN 32855 1116 3 a a DT 32855 1116 4 limited limited JJ 32855 1116 5 area area NN 32855 1116 6 in in IN 32855 1116 7 eastern eastern JJ 32855 1116 8 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 1116 9 . . . 32855 1117 1 The the DT 32855 1117 2 Univ Univ NNP 32855 1117 3 . . . 32855 1118 1 of of IN 32855 1118 2 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 1118 3 , , , 32855 1118 4 Sci Sci NNP 32855 1118 5 . . . 32855 1119 1 Bull Bull NNP 32855 1119 2 . . . 32855 1119 3 , , , 32855 1119 4 18:11:517 18:11:517 NNP 32855 1119 5 - - HYPH 32855 1119 6 626 626 CD 32855 1119 7 . . . 32855 1120 1 LLOYD LLOYD NNP 32855 1120 2 , , , 32855 1120 3 W. W. NNP 32855 1120 4 1887 1887 CD 32855 1120 5 . . . 32855 1121 1 Birds bird NNS 32855 1121 2 of of IN 32855 1121 3 Tom Tom NNP 32855 1121 4 Green Green NNP 32855 1121 5 and and CC 32855 1121 6 Concho Concho NNP 32855 1121 7 Counties Counties NNPS 32855 1121 8 , , , 32855 1121 9 Texas Texas NNP 32855 1121 10 . . . 32855 1122 1 Auk auk NN 32855 1122 2 , , , 32855 1122 3 4:181 4:181 CD 32855 1122 4 - - SYM 32855 1122 5 193 193 CD 32855 1122 6 , , , 32855 1122 7 289 289 CD 32855 1122 8 - - SYM 32855 1122 9 299 299 CD 32855 1122 10 . . . 32855 1123 1 MORRIS MORRIS NNP 32855 1123 2 , , , 32855 1123 3 D. D. NNP 32855 1123 4 1956 1956 CD 32855 1123 5 . . . 32855 1124 1 The the DT 32855 1124 2 feather feath JJS 32855 1124 3 postures posture NNS 32855 1124 4 of of IN 32855 1124 5 birds bird NNS 32855 1124 6 and and CC 32855 1124 7 the the DT 32855 1124 8 problem problem NN 32855 1124 9 of of IN 32855 1124 10 the the DT 32855 1124 11 origin origin NN 32855 1124 12 of of IN 32855 1124 13 social social JJ 32855 1124 14 signs sign NNS 32855 1124 15 . . . 32855 1125 1 Behaviour Behaviour NNP 32855 1125 2 , , , 32855 1125 3 9:75 9:75 CD 32855 1125 4 - - SYM 32855 1125 5 113 113 CD 32855 1125 6 . . . 32855 1126 1 MOYNIHAN MOYNIHAN NNP 32855 1126 2 , , , 32855 1126 3 M. M. NNP 32855 1126 4 1955 1955 CD 32855 1126 5 . . . 32855 1127 1 Types type NNS 32855 1127 2 of of IN 32855 1127 3 hostile hostile JJ 32855 1127 4 display display NN 32855 1127 5 . . . 32855 1128 1 Auk auk NN 32855 1128 2 , , , 32855 1128 3 72:247 72:247 CD 32855 1128 4 - - SYM 32855 1128 5 259 259 CD 32855 1128 6 . . . 32855 1129 1 MUMFORD MUMFORD NNP 32855 1129 2 , , , 32855 1129 3 R. R. NNP 32855 1129 4 E. E. NNP 32855 1129 5 1952 1952 CD 32855 1129 6 . . . 32855 1130 1 Bell Bell NNP 32855 1130 2 's 's POS 32855 1130 3 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 1130 4 in in IN 32855 1130 5 Indiana Indiana NNP 32855 1130 6 . . . 32855 1131 1 Wilson Wilson NNP 32855 1131 2 Bull Bull NNP 32855 1131 3 . . . 32855 1131 4 , , , 32855 1131 5 64:224 64:224 CD 32855 1131 6 - - SYM 32855 1131 7 233 233 CD 32855 1131 8 . . . 32855 1132 1 NICE NICE NNP 32855 1132 2 , , , 32855 1132 3 M. M. NNP 32855 1132 4 M. M. NNP 32855 1132 5 1929 1929 CD 32855 1132 6 . . . 32855 1133 1 The the DT 32855 1133 2 fortunes fortune NNS 32855 1133 3 of of IN 32855 1133 4 a a DT 32855 1133 5 pair pair NN 32855 1133 6 of of IN 32855 1133 7 Bell Bell NNP 32855 1133 8 Vireos Vireos NNP 32855 1133 9 . . . 32855 1134 1 Condor Condor NNP 32855 1134 2 , , , 32855 1134 3 31:13 31:13 CD 32855 1134 4 - - SYM 32855 1134 5 20 20 CD 32855 1134 6 . . . 32855 1135 1 1943 1943 CD 32855 1135 2 . . . 32855 1136 1 Studies study NNS 32855 1136 2 in in IN 32855 1136 3 the the DT 32855 1136 4 life life NN 32855 1136 5 history history NN 32855 1136 6 of of IN 32855 1136 7 the the DT 32855 1136 8 song song NN 32855 1136 9 sparrow sparrow NN 32855 1136 10 . . . 32855 1137 1 II ii CD 32855 1137 2 . . . 32855 1138 1 The the DT 32855 1138 2 behavior behavior NN 32855 1138 3 of of IN 32855 1138 4 the the DT 32855 1138 5 song song NN 32855 1138 6 sparrow sparrow NN 32855 1138 7 and and CC 32855 1138 8 other other JJ 32855 1138 9 passerines passerine NNS 32855 1138 10 . . . 32855 1139 1 Trans tran NNS 32855 1139 2 . . . 32855 1140 1 Linn Linn NNP 32855 1140 2 . . . 32855 1141 1 Soc Soc NNP 32855 1141 2 . . . 32855 1142 1 N.Y. New York NNP 32855 1142 2 , , , 32855 1142 3 6:328 6:328 CD 32855 1142 4 pp pp NN 32855 1142 5 . . . 32855 1143 1 1954 1954 CD 32855 1143 2 . . . 32855 1144 1 Problems problem NNS 32855 1144 2 of of IN 32855 1144 3 incubation incubation NN 32855 1144 4 periods period NNS 32855 1144 5 in in IN 32855 1144 6 North north JJ 32855 1144 7 American american JJ 32855 1144 8 birds bird NNS 32855 1144 9 . . . 32855 1145 1 Condor Condor NNP 32855 1145 2 , , , 32855 1145 3 56:173 56:173 CD 32855 1145 4 - - SYM 32855 1145 5 197 197 CD 32855 1145 6 . . . 32855 1146 1 NOLAN NOLAN NNP 32855 1146 2 , , , 32855 1146 3 V. V. NNP 32855 1146 4 1960 1960 CD 32855 1146 5 . . . 32855 1147 1 Breeding breed VBG 32855 1147 2 behavior behavior NN 32855 1147 3 of of IN 32855 1147 4 the the DT 32855 1147 5 Bell Bell NNP 32855 1147 6 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 1147 7 in in IN 32855 1147 8 southern southern JJ 32855 1147 9 Indiana Indiana NNP 32855 1147 10 . . . 32855 1148 1 Condor Condor NNP 32855 1148 2 , , , 32855 1148 3 62:225 62:225 CD 32855 1148 4 - - SYM 32855 1148 5 244 244 CD 32855 1148 6 . . . 32855 1149 1 PITELKA PITELKA NNP 32855 1149 2 , , , 32855 1149 3 F. F. NNP 32855 1149 4 A. a. NN 32855 1150 1 1959 1959 CD 32855 1150 2 . . . 32855 1151 1 Numbers number NNS 32855 1151 2 , , , 32855 1151 3 breeding breeding NN 32855 1151 4 schedule schedule NN 32855 1151 5 , , , 32855 1151 6 and and CC 32855 1151 7 territoriality territoriality NN 32855 1151 8 in in IN 32855 1151 9 Pectoral Pectoral NNP 32855 1151 10 Sandpipers Sandpipers NNPS 32855 1151 11 of of IN 32855 1151 12 northern northern JJ 32855 1151 13 Alaska Alaska NNP 32855 1151 14 . . . 32855 1152 1 Condor Condor NNP 32855 1152 2 , , , 32855 1152 3 61:223 61:223 CD 32855 1152 4 - - SYM 32855 1152 5 264 264 CD 32855 1152 6 . . . 32855 1153 1 PITELKA PITELKA NNP 32855 1153 2 , , , 32855 1153 3 F. F. NNP 32855 1153 4 A. A. NNP 32855 1153 5 , , , 32855 1153 6 and and CC 32855 1153 7 KOESTNER KOESTNER NNP 32855 1153 8 , , , 32855 1153 9 E. E. NNP 32855 1153 10 J. J. NNP 32855 1154 1 1942 1942 CD 32855 1154 2 . . . 32855 1155 1 Breeding breed VBG 32855 1155 2 behavior behavior NN 32855 1155 3 of of IN 32855 1155 4 Bell Bell NNP 32855 1155 5 's 's POS 32855 1155 6 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 1155 7 in in IN 32855 1155 8 Illinois Illinois NNP 32855 1155 9 . . . 32855 1156 1 Wilson Wilson NNP 32855 1156 2 Bull Bull NNP 32855 1156 3 . . . 32855 1156 4 , , , 32855 1156 5 54:97 54:97 CD 32855 1156 6 - - SYM 32855 1156 7 106 106 CD 32855 1156 8 . . . 32855 1157 1 RIDGWAY RIDGWAY NNP 32855 1157 2 , , , 32855 1157 3 R. R. NNP 32855 1157 4 1889 1889 CD 32855 1157 5 . . . 32855 1158 1 The the DT 32855 1158 2 ornithology ornithology NN 32855 1158 3 of of IN 32855 1158 4 Illinois Illinois NNP 32855 1158 5 . . . 32855 1159 1 Illinois Illinois NNP 32855 1159 2 State State NNP 32855 1159 3 Nat Nat NNP 32855 1159 4 . . . 32855 1160 1 Hist hist NN 32855 1160 2 . . . 32855 1161 1 Survey survey NN 32855 1161 2 , , , 32855 1161 3 1 1 CD 32855 1161 4 : : : 32855 1161 5 viii viii NNP 32855 1161 6 + + CC 32855 1161 7 520 520 CD 32855 1161 8 pp pp NNS 32855 1161 9 . . . 32855 1162 1 1904 1904 CD 32855 1162 2 . . . 32855 1163 1 The the DT 32855 1163 2 birds bird NNS 32855 1163 3 of of IN 32855 1163 4 North North NNP 32855 1163 5 and and CC 32855 1163 6 Middle Middle NNP 32855 1163 7 America America NNP 32855 1163 8 . . . 32855 1164 1 U.S. U.S. NNP 32855 1164 2 Nat Nat NNP 32855 1164 3 . . . 32855 1165 1 Mus mus NN 32855 1165 2 . . . 32855 1166 1 Bull Bull NNP 32855 1166 2 . . . 32855 1166 3 , , , 32855 1166 4 50 50 CD 32855 1166 5 , , , 32855 1166 6 pt pt NN 32855 1166 7 . . . 32855 1167 1 3 3 LS 32855 1167 2 ; ; : 32855 1167 3 xx xx CD 32855 1167 4 + + DT 32855 1167 5 801 801 CD 32855 1167 6 pp pp NN 32855 1167 7 . . . 32855 1168 1 SKUTCH SKUTCH NNP 32855 1168 2 , , , 32855 1168 3 A. a. NN 32855 1168 4 F. F. NNP 32855 1168 5 1957 1957 CD 32855 1168 6 . . . 32855 1169 1 The the DT 32855 1169 2 incubation incubation NN 32855 1169 3 patterns pattern NNS 32855 1169 4 of of IN 32855 1169 5 birds bird NNS 32855 1169 6 . . . 32855 1170 1 Ibis Ibis NNP 32855 1170 2 , , , 32855 1170 3 99:69 99:69 CD 32855 1170 4 - - SYM 32855 1170 5 93 93 CD 32855 1170 6 . . . 32855 1171 1 SOUTHERN SOUTHERN NNP 32855 1171 2 , , , 32855 1171 3 W. W. NNP 32855 1171 4 E. E. NNP 32855 1171 5 1958 1958 CD 32855 1171 6 . . . 32855 1172 1 Nesting nest VBG 32855 1172 2 of of IN 32855 1172 3 the the DT 32855 1172 4 Red red JJ 32855 1172 5 - - HYPH 32855 1172 6 eyed eye VBN 32855 1172 7 Vireo Vireo NNP 32855 1172 8 in in IN 32855 1172 9 the the DT 32855 1172 10 Douglas Douglas NNP 32855 1172 11 Lake Lake NNP 32855 1172 12 Region Region NNP 32855 1172 13 , , , 32855 1172 14 Michigan Michigan NNP 32855 1172 15 . . . 32855 1173 1 The the DT 32855 1173 2 Jack Jack NNP 32855 1173 3 - - HYPH 32855 1173 4 Pine Pine NNP 32855 1173 5 Warbler Warbler NNP 32855 1173 6 , , , 32855 1173 7 36:105 36:105 CD 32855 1173 8 - - SYM 32855 1173 9 130 130 CD 32855 1173 10 , , , 32855 1173 11 185 185 CD 32855 1173 12 - - SYM 32855 1173 13 207 207 CD 32855 1173 14 . . . 32855 1174 1 SUTTON SUTTON NNP 32855 1174 2 , , , 32855 1174 3 G. G. NNP 32855 1174 4 M. M. NNP 32855 1174 5 1949 1949 CD 32855 1174 6 . . . 32855 1175 1 Studies study NNS 32855 1175 2 of of IN 32855 1175 3 the the DT 32855 1175 4 nesting nesting JJ 32855 1175 5 birds bird NNS 32855 1175 6 of of IN 32855 1175 7 the the DT 32855 1175 8 Edwin Edwin NNP 32855 1175 9 S. S. NNP 32855 1175 10 George George NNP 32855 1175 11 Reserve Reserve NNP 32855 1175 12 . . . 32855 1176 1 Part part NN 32855 1176 2 1 1 CD 32855 1176 3 . . . 32855 1177 1 The the DT 32855 1177 2 Vireos Vireos NNP 32855 1177 3 . . . 32855 1178 1 Misc Misc NNP 32855 1178 2 . . . 32855 1179 1 Pub pub RB 32855 1179 2 . . . 32855 1180 1 Univ Univ NNP 32855 1180 2 . . . 32855 1181 1 Michigan Michigan NNP 32855 1181 2 Mus Mus NNP 32855 1181 3 . . . 32855 1182 1 Zool Zool NNP 32855 1182 2 . . NNP 32855 1182 3 , , , 32855 1182 4 74:5 74:5 CD 32855 1182 5 - - SYM 32855 1182 6 36 36 CD 32855 1182 7 . . . 32855 1183 1 TOWNSEND TOWNSEND NNP 32855 1183 2 , , , 32855 1183 3 C. C. NNP 32855 1183 4 W. W. NNP 32855 1183 5 1920 1920 CD 32855 1183 6 . . . 32855 1184 1 Supplement supplement NN 32855 1184 2 to to IN 32855 1184 3 the the DT 32855 1184 4 birds bird NNS 32855 1184 5 of of IN 32855 1184 6 Essex Essex NNP 32855 1184 7 County County NNP 32855 1184 8 , , , 32855 1184 9 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP 32855 1184 10 . . . 32855 1185 1 Mem Mem NNP 32855 1185 2 . . . 32855 1186 1 Nuttall Nuttall NNP 32855 1186 2 Orn Orn NNP 32855 1186 3 . . . 32855 1187 1 Club Club NNP 32855 1187 2 , , , 32855 1187 3 No no UH 32855 1187 4 . . . 32855 1188 1 5:196 5:196 CD 32855 1188 2 pp pp NNP 32855 1188 3 . . . 32855 1189 1 TYLER TYLER NNP 32855 1189 2 , , , 32855 1189 3 W. W. NNP 32855 1189 4 M. M. NNP 32855 1189 5 1912 1912 CD 32855 1189 6 . . . 32855 1190 1 A a DT 32855 1190 2 vireo vireo NNP 32855 1190 3 courtship courtship NN 32855 1190 4 . . . 32855 1191 1 Bird Bird NNP 32855 1191 2 Lore Lore NNP 32855 1191 3 , , , 32855 1191 4 14:229 14:229 CD 32855 1191 5 - - SYM 32855 1191 6 230 230 CD 32855 1191 7 . . . 32855 1192 1 VAN VAN NNP 32855 1192 2 TYNE TYNE NNP 32855 1192 3 , , , 32855 1192 4 J. J. NNP 32855 1192 5 , , , 32855 1192 6 and and CC 32855 1192 7 BERGER BERGER NNP 32855 1192 8 , , , 32855 1192 9 A. a. NN 32855 1192 10 J. J. NNP 32855 1193 1 1959 1959 CD 32855 1193 2 . . . 32855 1194 1 Fundamentals fundamental NNS 32855 1194 2 of of IN 32855 1194 3 ornithology ornithology NN 32855 1194 4 . . . 32855 1195 1 John John NNP 32855 1195 2 Wiley Wiley NNP 32855 1195 3 & & CC 32855 1195 4 Sons Sons NNP 32855 1195 5 , , , 32855 1195 6 Inc. Inc. NNP 32855 1195 7 , , , 32855 1195 8 New New NNP 32855 1195 9 York York NNP 32855 1195 10 . . . 32855 1196 1 xi xi NNP 32855 1196 2 + + CC 32855 1196 3 624 624 CD 32855 1196 4 pp pp NN 32855 1196 5 . . . 32855 1197 1 WETHERBEE WETHERBEE NNP 32855 1197 2 , , , 32855 1197 3 D. D. NNP 32855 1197 4 K. K. NNP 32855 1197 5 1957 1957 CD 32855 1197 6 . . . 32855 1198 1 Natal natal JJ 32855 1198 2 plumages plumage NNS 32855 1198 3 and and CC 32855 1198 4 downy downy JJ 32855 1198 5 pteryloses pterylose NNS 32855 1198 6 of of IN 32855 1198 7 passerine passerine JJ 32855 1198 8 birds bird NNS 32855 1198 9 of of IN 32855 1198 10 North North NNP 32855 1198 11 America America NNP 32855 1198 12 . . . 32855 1199 1 Bull Bull NNP 32855 1199 2 . . . 32855 1200 1 Amer amer NN 32855 1200 2 . . . 32855 1201 1 Mus mus NN 32855 1201 2 . . . 32855 1202 1 Nat Nat NNP 32855 1202 2 . . . 32855 1203 1 Hist Hist NNP 32855 1203 2 . . NNP 32855 1203 3 , , , 32855 1203 4 113:5:339 113:5:339 CD 32855 1203 5 - - SYM 32855 1203 6 436 436 CD 32855 1203 7 . . . 32855 1204 1 _ _ NNP 32855 1204 2 Transmitted Transmitted NNP 32855 1204 3 November November NNP 32855 1204 4 8 8 CD 32855 1204 5 , , , 32855 1204 6 1961 1961 CD 32855 1204 7 . . . 32855 1204 8 _ _ NNP 32855 1204 9 29 29 CD 32855 1204 10 - - SYM 32855 1204 11 1506 1506 CD 32855 1204 12 UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY NNP 32855 1204 13 OF of IN 32855 1204 14 KANSAS KANSAS NNP 32855 1204 15 PUBLICATIONS PUBLICATIONS NNP 32855 1204 16 MUSEUM MUSEUM NNP 32855 1204 17 OF of IN 32855 1204 18 NATURAL natural JJ 32855 1204 19 HISTORY HISTORY NNP 32855 1204 20 Institutional institutional JJ 32855 1204 21 libraries library NNS 32855 1204 22 interested interested JJ 32855 1204 23 in in IN 32855 1204 24 publications publication NNS 32855 1204 25 exchange exchange NN 32855 1204 26 may may MD 32855 1204 27 obtain obtain VB 32855 1204 28 this this DT 32855 1204 29 series series NN 32855 1204 30 by by IN 32855 1204 31 addressing address VBG 32855 1204 32 the the DT 32855 1204 33 Exchange Exchange NNP 32855 1204 34 Librarian Librarian NNP 32855 1204 35 , , , 32855 1204 36 University University NNP 32855 1204 37 of of IN 32855 1204 38 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 1204 39 Library Library NNP 32855 1204 40 , , , 32855 1204 41 Lawrence Lawrence NNP 32855 1204 42 , , , 32855 1204 43 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 1204 44 . . . 32855 1205 1 Copies copy NNS 32855 1205 2 for for IN 32855 1205 3 individuals individual NNS 32855 1205 4 , , , 32855 1205 5 persons person NNS 32855 1205 6 working work VBG 32855 1205 7 in in IN 32855 1205 8 a a DT 32855 1205 9 particular particular JJ 32855 1205 10 field field NN 32855 1205 11 of of IN 32855 1205 12 study study NN 32855 1205 13 , , , 32855 1205 14 may may MD 32855 1205 15 be be VB 32855 1205 16 obtained obtain VBN 32855 1205 17 by by IN 32855 1205 18 addressing address VBG 32855 1205 19 instead instead RB 32855 1205 20 the the DT 32855 1205 21 Museum Museum NNP 32855 1205 22 of of IN 32855 1205 23 Natural Natural NNP 32855 1205 24 History History NNP 32855 1205 25 , , , 32855 1205 26 University University NNP 32855 1205 27 of of IN 32855 1205 28 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 1205 29 , , , 32855 1205 30 Lawrence Lawrence NNP 32855 1205 31 , , , 32855 1205 32 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 1205 33 . . . 32855 1206 1 There there EX 32855 1206 2 is be VBZ 32855 1206 3 no no DT 32855 1206 4 provision provision NN 32855 1206 5 for for IN 32855 1206 6 sale sale NN 32855 1206 7 of of IN 32855 1206 8 this this DT 32855 1206 9 series series NN 32855 1206 10 by by IN 32855 1206 11 the the DT 32855 1206 12 University University NNP 32855 1206 13 Library Library NNP 32855 1206 14 , , , 32855 1206 15 which which WDT 32855 1206 16 meets meet VBZ 32855 1206 17 institutional institutional JJ 32855 1206 18 requests request NNS 32855 1206 19 , , , 32855 1206 20 or or CC 32855 1206 21 by by IN 32855 1206 22 the the DT 32855 1206 23 Museum Museum NNP 32855 1206 24 of of IN 32855 1206 25 Natural Natural NNP 32855 1206 26 History History NNP 32855 1206 27 , , , 32855 1206 28 which which WDT 32855 1206 29 meets meet VBZ 32855 1206 30 the the DT 32855 1206 31 requests request NNS 32855 1206 32 of of IN 32855 1206 33 individuals individual NNS 32855 1206 34 . . . 32855 1207 1 However however RB 32855 1207 2 , , , 32855 1207 3 when when WRB 32855 1207 4 individuals individual NNS 32855 1207 5 request request VBP 32855 1207 6 copies copy NNS 32855 1207 7 from from IN 32855 1207 8 the the DT 32855 1207 9 Museum Museum NNP 32855 1207 10 , , , 32855 1207 11 25 25 CD 32855 1207 12 cents cent NNS 32855 1207 13 should should MD 32855 1207 14 be be VB 32855 1207 15 included include VBN 32855 1207 16 , , , 32855 1207 17 for for IN 32855 1207 18 each each DT 32855 1207 19 separate separate JJ 32855 1207 20 number number NN 32855 1207 21 that that WDT 32855 1207 22 is be VBZ 32855 1207 23 100 100 CD 32855 1207 24 pages page NNS 32855 1207 25 or or CC 32855 1207 26 more more JJR 32855 1207 27 in in IN 32855 1207 28 length length NN 32855 1207 29 , , , 32855 1207 30 for for IN 32855 1207 31 the the DT 32855 1207 32 purpose purpose NN 32855 1207 33 of of IN 32855 1207 34 defraying defray VBG 32855 1207 35 the the DT 32855 1207 36 costs cost NNS 32855 1207 37 of of IN 32855 1207 38 wrapping wrapping NN 32855 1207 39 and and CC 32855 1207 40 mailing mailing NN 32855 1207 41 . . . 32855 1208 1 * * NFP 32855 1208 2 An an DT 32855 1208 3 asterisk asterisk NN 32855 1208 4 designates designate VBZ 32855 1208 5 those those DT 32855 1208 6 numbers number NNS 32855 1208 7 of of IN 32855 1208 8 which which WDT 32855 1208 9 the the DT 32855 1208 10 Museum Museum NNP 32855 1208 11 's 's POS 32855 1208 12 supply supply NN 32855 1208 13 ( ( -LRB- 32855 1208 14 not not RB 32855 1208 15 the the DT 32855 1208 16 Library Library NNP 32855 1208 17 's 's POS 32855 1208 18 supply supply NN 32855 1208 19 ) ) -RRB- 32855 1208 20 is be VBZ 32855 1208 21 exhausted exhaust VBN 32855 1208 22 . . . 32855 1209 1 Numbers number NNS 32855 1209 2 published publish VBN 32855 1209 3 to to IN 32855 1209 4 date date NN 32855 1209 5 , , , 32855 1209 6 in in IN 32855 1209 7 this this DT 32855 1209 8 series series NN 32855 1209 9 , , , 32855 1209 10 are be VBP 32855 1209 11 as as IN 32855 1209 12 follows follow VBZ 32855 1209 13 : : : 32855 1209 14 Vol Vol NNP 32855 1209 15 . . . 32855 1210 1 1 1 LS 32855 1210 2 . . . 32855 1211 1 Nos nos UH 32855 1211 2 . . . 32855 1212 1 1 1 CD 32855 1212 2 - - SYM 32855 1212 3 26 26 CD 32855 1212 4 and and CC 32855 1212 5 index index NN 32855 1212 6 . . . 32855 1213 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1213 2 . . . 32855 1214 1 1 1 CD 32855 1214 2 - - SYM 32855 1214 3 638 638 CD 32855 1214 4 , , , 32855 1214 5 1946 1946 CD 32855 1214 6 - - SYM 32855 1214 7 1950 1950 CD 32855 1214 8 . . . 32855 1215 1 * * NFP 32855 1215 2 Vol Vol NNP 32855 1215 3 . . . 32855 1216 1 2 2 LS 32855 1216 2 . . . 32855 1217 1 ( ( -LRB- 32855 1217 2 Complete complete JJ 32855 1217 3 ) ) -RRB- 32855 1217 4 Mammals Mammals NNPS 32855 1217 5 of of IN 32855 1217 6 Washington Washington NNP 32855 1217 7 . . . 32855 1218 1 By by IN 32855 1218 2 Walter Walter NNP 32855 1218 3 W. W. NNP 32855 1218 4 Dalquest Dalquest NNP 32855 1218 5 . . . 32855 1219 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1219 2 . . . 32855 1220 1 1 1 CD 32855 1220 2 - - SYM 32855 1220 3 444 444 CD 32855 1220 4 , , , 32855 1220 5 140 140 CD 32855 1220 6 figures figure NNS 32855 1220 7 in in IN 32855 1220 8 text text NN 32855 1220 9 . . . 32855 1221 1 April April NNP 32855 1221 2 9 9 CD 32855 1221 3 , , , 32855 1221 4 1948 1948 CD 32855 1221 5 . . . 32855 1222 1 Vol Vol NNP 32855 1222 2 . . . 32855 1223 1 3 3 LS 32855 1223 2 . . . 32855 1224 1 * * NFP 32855 1224 2 1 1 CD 32855 1224 3 . . . 32855 1225 1 The the DT 32855 1225 2 avifauna avifauna NN 32855 1225 3 of of IN 32855 1225 4 Micronesia Micronesia NNP 32855 1225 5 , , , 32855 1225 6 its -PRON- PRP$ 32855 1225 7 origin origin NN 32855 1225 8 , , , 32855 1225 9 evolution evolution NN 32855 1225 10 , , , 32855 1225 11 and and CC 32855 1225 12 distribution distribution NN 32855 1225 13 . . . 32855 1226 1 By by IN 32855 1226 2 Rollin Rollin NNP 32855 1226 3 H. H. NNP 32855 1226 4 Baker Baker NNP 32855 1226 5 . . . 32855 1227 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1227 2 . . . 32855 1228 1 1 1 LS 32855 1228 2 - - SYM 32855 1228 3 359 359 CD 32855 1228 4 , , , 32855 1228 5 16 16 CD 32855 1228 6 figures figure NNS 32855 1228 7 in in IN 32855 1228 8 text text NN 32855 1228 9 . . . 32855 1229 1 June June NNP 32855 1229 2 12 12 CD 32855 1229 3 , , , 32855 1229 4 1951 1951 CD 32855 1229 5 . . . 32855 1230 1 * * NFP 32855 1230 2 2 2 CD 32855 1230 3 . . . 32855 1231 1 A a DT 32855 1231 2 quantitative quantitative JJ 32855 1231 3 study study NN 32855 1231 4 of of IN 32855 1231 5 the the DT 32855 1231 6 nocturnal nocturnal JJ 32855 1231 7 migration migration NN 32855 1231 8 of of IN 32855 1231 9 birds bird NNS 32855 1231 10 . . . 32855 1232 1 By by IN 32855 1232 2 George George NNP 32855 1232 3 H. H. NNP 32855 1232 4 Lowery Lowery NNP 32855 1232 5 , , , 32855 1232 6 Jr. Jr. NNP 32855 1232 7 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1232 8 . . . 32855 1233 1 361 361 CD 32855 1233 2 - - SYM 32855 1233 3 472 472 CD 32855 1233 4 , , , 32855 1233 5 47 47 CD 32855 1233 6 figures figure NNS 32855 1233 7 in in IN 32855 1233 8 text text NN 32855 1233 9 . . . 32855 1234 1 June June NNP 32855 1234 2 29 29 CD 32855 1234 3 , , , 32855 1234 4 1951 1951 CD 32855 1234 5 . . . 32855 1235 1 3 3 LS 32855 1235 2 . . . 32855 1236 1 Phylogeny phylogeny VB 32855 1236 2 of of IN 32855 1236 3 the the DT 32855 1236 4 waxwings waxwing NNS 32855 1236 5 and and CC 32855 1236 6 allied ally VBN 32855 1236 7 birds bird NNS 32855 1236 8 . . . 32855 1237 1 By by IN 32855 1237 2 M. M. NNP 32855 1237 3 Dale Dale NNP 32855 1237 4 Arvey Arvey NNP 32855 1237 5 . . . 32855 1238 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1238 2 . . . 32855 1239 1 473 473 CD 32855 1239 2 - - SYM 32855 1239 3 530 530 CD 32855 1239 4 , , , 32855 1239 5 49 49 CD 32855 1239 6 figures figure NNS 32855 1239 7 in in IN 32855 1239 8 text text NN 32855 1239 9 , , , 32855 1239 10 13 13 CD 32855 1239 11 tables table NNS 32855 1239 12 . . . 32855 1240 1 October October NNP 32855 1240 2 10 10 CD 32855 1240 3 , , , 32855 1240 4 1951 1951 CD 32855 1240 5 . . . 32855 1241 1 4 4 LS 32855 1241 2 . . . 32855 1242 1 Birds bird NNS 32855 1242 2 from from IN 32855 1242 3 the the DT 32855 1242 4 state state NN 32855 1242 5 of of IN 32855 1242 6 Veracruz Veracruz NNP 32855 1242 7 , , , 32855 1242 8 Mexico Mexico NNP 32855 1242 9 . . . 32855 1243 1 By by IN 32855 1243 2 George George NNP 32855 1243 3 H. H. NNP 32855 1243 4 Lowery Lowery NNP 32855 1243 5 , , , 32855 1243 6 Jr. Jr. NNP 32855 1243 7 , , , 32855 1243 8 and and CC 32855 1243 9 Walter Walter NNP 32855 1243 10 W. W. NNP 32855 1243 11 Dalquest Dalquest NNP 32855 1243 12 . . . 32855 1244 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1244 2 . . . 32855 1245 1 531 531 CD 32855 1245 2 - - SYM 32855 1245 3 649 649 CD 32855 1245 4 , , , 32855 1245 5 7 7 CD 32855 1245 6 figures figure NNS 32855 1245 7 in in IN 32855 1245 8 text text NN 32855 1245 9 , , , 32855 1245 10 2 2 CD 32855 1245 11 tables table NNS 32855 1245 12 . . . 32855 1246 1 October October NNP 32855 1246 2 10 10 CD 32855 1246 3 , , , 32855 1246 4 1951 1951 CD 32855 1246 5 . . . 32855 1247 1 Index index NN 32855 1247 2 . . . 32855 1248 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1248 2 . . . 32855 1249 1 651 651 CD 32855 1249 2 - - SYM 32855 1249 3 681 681 CD 32855 1249 4 . . . 32855 1250 1 * * NFP 32855 1250 2 Vol Vol NNP 32855 1250 3 4 4 CD 32855 1250 4 . . . 32855 1251 1 ( ( -LRB- 32855 1251 2 Complete complete JJ 32855 1251 3 ) ) -RRB- 32855 1251 4 American american JJ 32855 1251 5 weasels weasel NNS 32855 1251 6 . . . 32855 1252 1 By by IN 32855 1252 2 E. E. NNP 32855 1252 3 Raymond Raymond NNP 32855 1252 4 Hall Hall NNP 32855 1252 5 . . . 32855 1253 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1253 2 . . . 32855 1254 1 1 1 CD 32855 1254 2 - - SYM 32855 1254 3 466 466 CD 32855 1254 4 , , , 32855 1254 5 41 41 CD 32855 1254 6 plates plate NNS 32855 1254 7 , , , 32855 1254 8 31 31 CD 32855 1254 9 figures figure NNS 32855 1254 10 in in IN 32855 1254 11 text text NN 32855 1254 12 . . . 32855 1255 1 December December NNP 32855 1255 2 27 27 CD 32855 1255 3 , , , 32855 1255 4 1951 1951 CD 32855 1255 5 . . . 32855 1256 1 Vol Vol NNP 32855 1256 2 . . . 32855 1257 1 5 5 CD 32855 1257 2 . . . 32855 1258 1 Nos nos UH 32855 1258 2 . . . 32855 1259 1 1 1 CD 32855 1259 2 - - SYM 32855 1259 3 37 37 CD 32855 1259 4 and and CC 32855 1259 5 index index NN 32855 1259 6 . . . 32855 1260 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1260 2 . . . 32855 1261 1 1 1 CD 32855 1261 2 - - SYM 32855 1261 3 676 676 CD 32855 1261 4 , , , 32855 1261 5 1951 1951 CD 32855 1261 6 - - SYM 32855 1261 7 1953 1953 CD 32855 1261 8 . . . 32855 1262 1 * * NFP 32855 1262 2 Vol Vol NNP 32855 1262 3 6 6 CD 32855 1262 4 . . . 32855 1263 1 ( ( -LRB- 32855 1263 2 Complete complete JJ 32855 1263 3 ) ) -RRB- 32855 1263 4 Mammals Mammals NNPS 32855 1263 5 of of IN 32855 1263 6 Utah Utah NNP 32855 1263 7 , , , 32855 1263 8 _ _ NNP 32855 1263 9 taxonomy taxonomy NN 32855 1263 10 and and CC 32855 1263 11 distribution distribution NN 32855 1263 12 _ _ NNP 32855 1263 13 . . . 32855 1264 1 By by IN 32855 1264 2 Stephen Stephen NNP 32855 1264 3 D. D. NNP 32855 1264 4 Durrant Durrant NNP 32855 1264 5 . . . 32855 1265 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1265 2 . . . 32855 1266 1 1 1 LS 32855 1266 2 - - SYM 32855 1266 3 549 549 CD 32855 1266 4 , , , 32855 1266 5 91 91 CD 32855 1266 6 figures figure NNS 32855 1266 7 in in IN 32855 1266 8 text text NN 32855 1266 9 , , , 32855 1266 10 30 30 CD 32855 1266 11 tables table NNS 32855 1266 12 . . . 32855 1267 1 August August NNP 32855 1267 2 10 10 CD 32855 1267 3 , , , 32855 1267 4 1952 1952 CD 32855 1267 5 . . . 32855 1268 1 Vol Vol NNP 32855 1268 2 . . . 32855 1269 1 7 7 LS 32855 1269 2 . . . 32855 1270 1 * * NFP 32855 1270 2 1 1 CD 32855 1270 3 . . . 32855 1271 1 Mammals mammal NNS 32855 1271 2 of of IN 32855 1271 3 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 1271 4 . . . 32855 1272 1 By by IN 32855 1272 2 E. E. NNP 32855 1272 3 Lendell Lendell NNP 32855 1272 4 Cockrum Cockrum NNP 32855 1272 5 . . . 32855 1273 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1273 2 . . . 32855 1274 1 1 1 CD 32855 1274 2 - - SYM 32855 1274 3 303 303 CD 32855 1274 4 , , , 32855 1274 5 73 73 CD 32855 1274 6 figures figure NNS 32855 1274 7 in in IN 32855 1274 8 text text NN 32855 1274 9 , , , 32855 1274 10 37 37 CD 32855 1274 11 tables table NNS 32855 1274 12 . . . 32855 1275 1 August August NNP 32855 1275 2 25 25 CD 32855 1275 3 , , , 32855 1275 4 1952 1952 CD 32855 1275 5 . . . 32855 1276 1 2 2 LS 32855 1276 2 . . . 32855 1277 1 Ecology ecology NN 32855 1277 2 of of IN 32855 1277 3 the the DT 32855 1277 4 opossum opossum NN 32855 1277 5 on on IN 32855 1277 6 a a DT 32855 1277 7 natural natural JJ 32855 1277 8 area area NN 32855 1277 9 in in IN 32855 1277 10 northeastern northeastern JJ 32855 1277 11 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 1277 12 . . . 32855 1278 1 By by IN 32855 1278 2 Henry Henry NNP 32855 1278 3 S. S. NNP 32855 1278 4 Fitch Fitch NNP 32855 1278 5 and and CC 32855 1278 6 Lewis Lewis NNP 32855 1278 7 L. L. NNP 32855 1278 8 Sandidge Sandidge NNP 32855 1278 9 . . . 32855 1279 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1279 2 . . . 32855 1280 1 305 305 CD 32855 1280 2 - - SYM 32855 1280 3 338 338 CD 32855 1280 4 , , , 32855 1280 5 5 5 CD 32855 1280 6 figures figure NNS 32855 1280 7 in in IN 32855 1280 8 text text NN 32855 1280 9 . . . 32855 1281 1 August August NNP 32855 1281 2 24 24 CD 32855 1281 3 , , , 32855 1281 4 1953 1953 CD 32855 1281 5 . . . 32855 1282 1 3 3 LS 32855 1282 2 . . . 32855 1283 1 The the DT 32855 1283 2 silky silky JJ 32855 1283 3 pocket pocket NN 32855 1283 4 mice mouse NNS 32855 1283 5 ( ( -LRB- 32855 1283 6 Perognathus Perognathus NNP 32855 1283 7 flavus flavu NNS 32855 1283 8 ) ) -RRB- 32855 1283 9 of of IN 32855 1283 10 Mexico Mexico NNP 32855 1283 11 . . . 32855 1284 1 By by IN 32855 1284 2 Rollin Rollin NNP 32855 1284 3 H. H. NNP 32855 1284 4 Baker Baker NNP 32855 1284 5 . . . 32855 1285 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1285 2 . . . 32855 1286 1 339 339 CD 32855 1286 2 - - SYM 32855 1286 3 347 347 CD 32855 1286 4 , , , 32855 1286 5 1 1 CD 32855 1286 6 figure figure NN 32855 1286 7 in in IN 32855 1286 8 text text NN 32855 1286 9 . . . 32855 1287 1 February February NNP 32855 1287 2 15 15 CD 32855 1287 3 , , , 32855 1287 4 1954 1954 CD 32855 1287 5 . . . 32855 1288 1 4 4 LS 32855 1288 2 . . . 32855 1289 1 North north JJ 32855 1289 2 American american JJ 32855 1289 3 jumping jumping NN 32855 1289 4 mice mouse NNS 32855 1289 5 ( ( -LRB- 32855 1289 6 Genus Genus NNP 32855 1289 7 Zapus Zapus NNP 32855 1289 8 ) ) -RRB- 32855 1289 9 . . . 32855 1290 1 By by IN 32855 1290 2 Phillip Phillip NNP 32855 1290 3 H. H. NNP 32855 1290 4 Krutzsch Krutzsch NNP 32855 1290 5 . . . 32855 1291 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1291 2 . . . 32855 1292 1 349 349 CD 32855 1292 2 - - SYM 32855 1292 3 472 472 CD 32855 1292 4 , , , 32855 1292 5 47 47 CD 32855 1292 6 figures figure NNS 32855 1292 7 in in IN 32855 1292 8 text text NN 32855 1292 9 , , , 32855 1292 10 4 4 CD 32855 1292 11 tables table NNS 32855 1292 12 . . . 32855 1293 1 April April NNP 32855 1293 2 21 21 CD 32855 1293 3 , , , 32855 1293 4 1954 1954 CD 32855 1293 5 . . . 32855 1294 1 5 5 CD 32855 1294 2 . . . 32855 1295 1 Mammals mammal NNS 32855 1295 2 from from IN 32855 1295 3 Southeastern Southeastern NNP 32855 1295 4 Alaska Alaska NNP 32855 1295 5 . . . 32855 1296 1 By by IN 32855 1296 2 Rollin Rollin NNP 32855 1296 3 H. H. NNP 32855 1296 4 Baker Baker NNP 32855 1296 5 and and CC 32855 1296 6 James James NNP 32855 1296 7 S. S. NNP 32855 1296 8 Findley Findley NNP 32855 1296 9 . . . 32855 1297 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1297 2 . . . 32855 1298 1 473 473 CD 32855 1298 2 - - SYM 32855 1298 3 477 477 CD 32855 1298 4 . . . 32855 1299 1 April April NNP 32855 1299 2 21 21 CD 32855 1299 3 , , , 32855 1299 4 1954 1954 CD 32855 1299 5 . . . 32855 1300 1 6 6 CD 32855 1300 2 . . . 32855 1301 1 Distribution distribution NN 32855 1301 2 of of IN 32855 1301 3 Some some DT 32855 1301 4 Nebraskan nebraskan JJ 32855 1301 5 Mammals mammal NNS 32855 1301 6 . . . 32855 1302 1 By by IN 32855 1302 2 J. J. NNP 32855 1302 3 Knox Knox NNP 32855 1302 4 Jones Jones NNP 32855 1302 5 , , , 32855 1302 6 Jr. Jr. NNP 32855 1302 7 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1302 8 . . . 32855 1303 1 479 479 CD 32855 1303 2 - - SYM 32855 1303 3 487 487 CD 32855 1303 4 . . . 32855 1304 1 April April NNP 32855 1304 2 21 21 CD 32855 1304 3 , , , 32855 1304 4 1954 1954 CD 32855 1304 5 . . . 32855 1305 1 7 7 LS 32855 1305 2 . . . 32855 1306 1 Subspeciation subspeciation NN 32855 1306 2 in in IN 32855 1306 3 the the DT 32855 1306 4 montane montane NNP 32855 1306 5 meadow meadow NNP 32855 1306 6 mouse mouse NNP 32855 1306 7 , , , 32855 1306 8 Microtus Microtus NNP 32855 1306 9 montanus montanus NN 32855 1306 10 , , , 32855 1306 11 in in IN 32855 1306 12 Wyoming Wyoming NNP 32855 1306 13 and and CC 32855 1306 14 Colorado Colorado NNP 32855 1306 15 . . . 32855 1307 1 By by IN 32855 1307 2 Sydney Sydney NNP 32855 1307 3 Anderson Anderson NNP 32855 1307 4 . . . 32855 1308 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1308 2 . . . 32855 1309 1 489 489 CD 32855 1309 2 - - SYM 32855 1309 3 506 506 CD 32855 1309 4 , , , 32855 1309 5 2 2 CD 32855 1309 6 figures figure NNS 32855 1309 7 in in IN 32855 1309 8 text text NN 32855 1309 9 . . . 32855 1310 1 July July NNP 32855 1310 2 23 23 CD 32855 1310 3 , , , 32855 1310 4 1954 1954 CD 32855 1310 5 . . . 32855 1311 1 8 8 LS 32855 1311 2 . . . 32855 1312 1 A a DT 32855 1312 2 new new JJ 32855 1312 3 subspecies subspecie NNS 32855 1312 4 of of IN 32855 1312 5 bat bat NN 32855 1312 6 ( ( -LRB- 32855 1312 7 Myotis Myotis NNP 32855 1312 8 velifer velifer VBP 32855 1312 9 ) ) -RRB- 32855 1312 10 from from IN 32855 1312 11 southeastern southeastern JJ 32855 1312 12 California California NNP 32855 1312 13 and and CC 32855 1312 14 Arizona Arizona NNP 32855 1312 15 . . . 32855 1313 1 By by IN 32855 1313 2 Terry Terry NNP 32855 1313 3 A. A. NNP 32855 1313 4 Vaughan Vaughan NNP 32855 1313 5 . . . 32855 1314 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1314 2 . . . 32855 1315 1 507 507 CD 32855 1315 2 - - SYM 32855 1315 3 512 512 CD 32855 1315 4 . . . 32855 1316 1 July July NNP 32855 1316 2 23 23 CD 32855 1316 3 , , , 32855 1316 4 1954 1954 CD 32855 1316 5 . . . 32855 1317 1 9 9 CD 32855 1317 2 . . . 32855 1318 1 Mammals mammal NNS 32855 1318 2 of of IN 32855 1318 3 the the DT 32855 1318 4 San San NNP 32855 1318 5 Gabriel Gabriel NNP 32855 1318 6 mountains mountain NNS 32855 1318 7 of of IN 32855 1318 8 California California NNP 32855 1318 9 . . . 32855 1319 1 By by IN 32855 1319 2 Terry Terry NNP 32855 1319 3 A. A. NNP 32855 1319 4 Vaughan Vaughan NNP 32855 1319 5 . . . 32855 1320 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1320 2 . . . 32855 1321 1 513 513 CD 32855 1321 2 - - SYM 32855 1321 3 582 582 CD 32855 1321 4 , , , 32855 1321 5 1 1 CD 32855 1321 6 figure figure NN 32855 1321 7 in in IN 32855 1321 8 text text NN 32855 1321 9 , , , 32855 1321 10 12 12 CD 32855 1321 11 tables table NNS 32855 1321 12 . . . 32855 1322 1 November November NNP 32855 1322 2 15 15 CD 32855 1322 3 , , , 32855 1322 4 1954 1954 CD 32855 1322 5 . . . 32855 1323 1 10 10 CD 32855 1323 2 . . . 32855 1324 1 A a DT 32855 1324 2 new new JJ 32855 1324 3 bat bat NN 32855 1324 4 ( ( -LRB- 32855 1324 5 Genus Genus NNP 32855 1324 6 Pipistrellus Pipistrellus NNP 32855 1324 7 ) ) -RRB- 32855 1324 8 from from IN 32855 1324 9 northeastern northeastern JJ 32855 1324 10 Mexico Mexico NNP 32855 1324 11 . . . 32855 1325 1 By by IN 32855 1325 2 Rollin Rollin NNP 32855 1325 3 H. H. NNP 32855 1325 4 Baker Baker NNP 32855 1325 5 . . . 32855 1326 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1326 2 . . . 32855 1327 1 583 583 CD 32855 1327 2 - - SYM 32855 1327 3 586 586 CD 32855 1327 4 . . . 32855 1328 1 November November NNP 32855 1328 2 15 15 CD 32855 1328 3 , , , 32855 1328 4 1954 1954 CD 32855 1328 5 . . . 32855 1329 1 11 11 CD 32855 1329 2 . . . 32855 1330 1 A a DT 32855 1330 2 new new JJ 32855 1330 3 subspecies subspecie NNS 32855 1330 4 of of IN 32855 1330 5 pocket pocket NN 32855 1330 6 mouse mouse NN 32855 1330 7 from from IN 32855 1330 8 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 1330 9 . . . 32855 1331 1 By by IN 32855 1331 2 E. E. NNP 32855 1331 3 Raymond Raymond NNP 32855 1331 4 Hall Hall NNP 32855 1331 5 . . . 32855 1332 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1332 2 . . . 32855 1333 1 587 587 CD 32855 1333 2 - - SYM 32855 1333 3 590 590 CD 32855 1333 4 . . . 32855 1334 1 November November NNP 32855 1334 2 15 15 CD 32855 1334 3 , , , 32855 1334 4 1954 1954 CD 32855 1334 5 . . . 32855 1335 1 12 12 CD 32855 1335 2 . . . 32855 1336 1 Geographic geographic JJ 32855 1336 2 variation variation NN 32855 1336 3 in in IN 32855 1336 4 the the DT 32855 1336 5 pocket pocket NN 32855 1336 6 gopher gopher NN 32855 1336 7 , , , 32855 1336 8 Cratogeomys Cratogeomys NNP 32855 1336 9 castanops castanop NNS 32855 1336 10 , , , 32855 1336 11 in in IN 32855 1336 12 Coahuila Coahuila NNP 32855 1336 13 , , , 32855 1336 14 Mexico Mexico NNP 32855 1336 15 . . . 32855 1337 1 By by IN 32855 1337 2 Robert Robert NNP 32855 1337 3 J. J. NNP 32855 1337 4 Russell Russell NNP 32855 1337 5 and and CC 32855 1337 6 Rollin Rollin NNP 32855 1337 7 H. H. NNP 32855 1337 8 Baker Baker NNP 32855 1337 9 . . . 32855 1338 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1338 2 . . . 32855 1339 1 591 591 CD 32855 1339 2 - - SYM 32855 1339 3 608 608 CD 32855 1339 4 . . . 32855 1340 1 March March NNP 32855 1340 2 15 15 CD 32855 1340 3 , , , 32855 1340 4 1955 1955 CD 32855 1340 5 . . . 32855 1341 1 13 13 CD 32855 1341 2 . . . 32855 1342 1 A a DT 32855 1342 2 new new JJ 32855 1342 3 cottontail cottontail NN 32855 1342 4 ( ( -LRB- 32855 1342 5 Sylvilagus Sylvilagus NNP 32855 1342 6 floridanus floridanus NN 32855 1342 7 ) ) -RRB- 32855 1342 8 from from IN 32855 1342 9 northeastern northeastern JJ 32855 1342 10 Mexico Mexico NNP 32855 1342 11 . . . 32855 1343 1 By by IN 32855 1343 2 Rollin Rollin NNP 32855 1343 3 H. H. NNP 32855 1343 4 Baker Baker NNP 32855 1343 5 . . . 32855 1344 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1344 2 . . . 32855 1345 1 609 609 CD 32855 1345 2 - - SYM 32855 1345 3 612 612 CD 32855 1345 4 . . . 32855 1346 1 April April NNP 32855 1346 2 8 8 CD 32855 1346 3 , , , 32855 1346 4 1955 1955 CD 32855 1346 5 . . . 32855 1347 1 14 14 CD 32855 1347 2 . . . 32855 1348 1 Taxonomy taxonomy NN 32855 1348 2 and and CC 32855 1348 3 distribution distribution NN 32855 1348 4 of of IN 32855 1348 5 some some DT 32855 1348 6 American american JJ 32855 1348 7 shrews shrew NNS 32855 1348 8 . . . 32855 1349 1 By by IN 32855 1349 2 James James NNP 32855 1349 3 S. S. NNP 32855 1349 4 Findley Findley NNP 32855 1349 5 . . . 32855 1350 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1350 2 . . . 32855 1351 1 613 613 CD 32855 1351 2 - - SYM 32855 1351 3 618 618 CD 32855 1351 4 . . . 32855 1352 1 June June NNP 32855 1352 2 10 10 CD 32855 1352 3 , , , 32855 1352 4 1955 1955 CD 32855 1352 5 . . . 32855 1353 1 15 15 CD 32855 1353 2 . . . 32855 1354 1 The the DT 32855 1354 2 pigmy pigmy JJ 32855 1354 3 woodrat woodrat NN 32855 1354 4 , , , 32855 1354 5 Neotoma Neotoma NNP 32855 1354 6 goldmani goldmani NNP 32855 1354 7 , , , 32855 1354 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 32855 1354 9 distribution distribution NN 32855 1354 10 and and CC 32855 1354 11 systematic systematic JJ 32855 1354 12 position position NN 32855 1354 13 . . . 32855 1355 1 By by IN 32855 1355 2 Dennis Dennis NNP 32855 1355 3 G. G. NNP 32855 1355 4 Rainey Rainey NNP 32855 1355 5 and and CC 32855 1355 6 Rollin Rollin NNP 32855 1355 7 H. H. NNP 32855 1355 8 Baker Baker NNP 32855 1355 9 . . . 32855 1356 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1356 2 . . . 32855 1357 1 619 619 CD 32855 1357 2 - - SYM 32855 1357 3 624 624 CD 32855 1357 4 . . . 32855 1358 1 2 2 CD 32855 1358 2 figures figure NNS 32855 1358 3 in in IN 32855 1358 4 text text NN 32855 1358 5 . . . 32855 1359 1 June June NNP 32855 1359 2 10 10 CD 32855 1359 3 , , , 32855 1359 4 1955 1955 CD 32855 1359 5 . . . 32855 1360 1 Index index NN 32855 1360 2 . . . 32855 1361 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1361 2 . . . 32855 1362 1 625 625 CD 32855 1362 2 - - SYM 32855 1362 3 651 651 CD 32855 1362 4 . . . 32855 1363 1 Vol Vol NNP 32855 1363 2 . . . 32855 1364 1 8 8 LS 32855 1364 2 . . . 32855 1365 1 Nos nos UH 32855 1365 2 . . . 32855 1366 1 1 1 CD 32855 1366 2 - - SYM 32855 1366 3 10 10 CD 32855 1366 4 and and CC 32855 1366 5 index index NN 32855 1366 6 . . . 32855 1367 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1367 2 . . . 32855 1368 1 1 1 LS 32855 1368 2 - - SYM 32855 1368 3 675 675 CD 32855 1368 4 , , , 32855 1368 5 1954 1954 CD 32855 1368 6 - - SYM 32855 1368 7 1956 1956 CD 32855 1368 8 . . . 32855 1369 1 Vol Vol NNP 32855 1369 2 . . . 32855 1370 1 9 9 CD 32855 1370 2 . . . 32855 1371 1 1 1 LS 32855 1371 2 . . . 32855 1372 1 Speciation speciation NN 32855 1372 2 of of IN 32855 1372 3 the the DT 32855 1372 4 wandering wandering NN 32855 1372 5 shrew shrew NN 32855 1372 6 . . . 32855 1373 1 By by IN 32855 1373 2 James James NNP 32855 1373 3 S. S. NNP 32855 1373 4 Findley Findley NNP 32855 1373 5 . . . 32855 1374 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1374 2 . . . 32855 1375 1 1 1 CD 32855 1375 2 - - SYM 32855 1375 3 68 68 CD 32855 1375 4 , , , 32855 1375 5 18 18 CD 32855 1375 6 figures figure NNS 32855 1375 7 in in IN 32855 1375 8 text text NN 32855 1375 9 . . . 32855 1376 1 December December NNP 32855 1376 2 10 10 CD 32855 1376 3 , , , 32855 1376 4 1955 1955 CD 32855 1376 5 . . . 32855 1377 1 2 2 LS 32855 1377 2 . . . 32855 1378 1 Additional additional JJ 32855 1378 2 records record NNS 32855 1378 3 and and CC 32855 1378 4 extension extension NN 32855 1378 5 of of IN 32855 1378 6 ranges range NNS 32855 1378 7 of of IN 32855 1378 8 mammals mammal NNS 32855 1378 9 from from IN 32855 1378 10 Utah Utah NNP 32855 1378 11 . . . 32855 1379 1 By by IN 32855 1379 2 Stephen Stephen NNP 32855 1379 3 D. D. NNP 32855 1379 4 Durrant Durrant NNP 32855 1379 5 , , , 32855 1379 6 M. M. NNP 32855 1379 7 Raymond Raymond NNP 32855 1379 8 Lee Lee NNP 32855 1379 9 , , , 32855 1379 10 and and CC 32855 1379 11 Richard Richard NNP 32855 1379 12 M. M. NNP 32855 1379 13 Hansen Hansen NNP 32855 1379 14 . . . 32855 1380 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1380 2 . . . 32855 1381 1 69 69 CD 32855 1381 2 - - SYM 32855 1381 3 80 80 CD 32855 1381 4 . . . 32855 1382 1 December December NNP 32855 1382 2 10 10 CD 32855 1382 3 , , , 32855 1382 4 1955 1955 CD 32855 1382 5 . . . 32855 1383 1 3 3 LS 32855 1383 2 . . . 32855 1384 1 A a DT 32855 1384 2 new new JJ 32855 1384 3 long long RB 32855 1384 4 - - HYPH 32855 1384 5 eared eared JJ 32855 1384 6 myotis myotis NN 32855 1384 7 ( ( -LRB- 32855 1384 8 Myotis Myotis NNP 32855 1384 9 evotis evotis JJ 32855 1384 10 ) ) -RRB- 32855 1384 11 from from IN 32855 1384 12 northeastern northeastern JJ 32855 1384 13 Mexico Mexico NNP 32855 1384 14 . . . 32855 1385 1 By by IN 32855 1385 2 Rollin Rollin NNP 32855 1385 3 H. H. NNP 32855 1385 4 Baker Baker NNP 32855 1385 5 and and CC 32855 1385 6 Howard Howard NNP 32855 1385 7 J. J. NNP 32855 1385 8 Stains Stains NNP 32855 1385 9 . . . 32855 1386 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1386 2 . . . 32855 1387 1 81 81 CD 32855 1387 2 - - SYM 32855 1387 3 84 84 CD 32855 1387 4 . . . 32855 1388 1 December December NNP 32855 1388 2 10 10 CD 32855 1388 3 , , , 32855 1388 4 1955 1955 CD 32855 1388 5 . . . 32855 1389 1 4 4 LS 32855 1389 2 . . . 32855 1390 1 Subspeciation subspeciation NN 32855 1390 2 in in IN 32855 1390 3 the the DT 32855 1390 4 meadow meadow NN 32855 1390 5 mouse mouse NN 32855 1390 6 , , , 32855 1390 7 Microtus Microtus NNP 32855 1390 8 pennsylvanicus pennsylvanicus NN 32855 1390 9 , , , 32855 1390 10 in in IN 32855 1390 11 Wyoming Wyoming NNP 32855 1390 12 . . . 32855 1391 1 By by IN 32855 1391 2 Sydney Sydney NNP 32855 1391 3 Anderson Anderson NNP 32855 1391 4 . . . 32855 1392 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1392 2 . . . 32855 1393 1 85 85 CD 32855 1393 2 - - SYM 32855 1393 3 104 104 CD 32855 1393 4 , , , 32855 1393 5 2 2 CD 32855 1393 6 figures figure NNS 32855 1393 7 in in IN 32855 1393 8 text text NN 32855 1393 9 . . . 32855 1394 1 May May NNP 32855 1394 2 10 10 CD 32855 1394 3 , , , 32855 1394 4 1956 1956 CD 32855 1394 5 . . . 32855 1395 1 5 5 CD 32855 1395 2 . . . 32855 1396 1 The the DT 32855 1396 2 condylarth condylarth NN 32855 1396 3 genus genus JJ 32855 1396 4 Ellipsodon Ellipsodon NNP 32855 1396 5 . . . 32855 1397 1 By by IN 32855 1397 2 Robert Robert NNP 32855 1397 3 W. W. NNP 32855 1397 4 Wilson Wilson NNP 32855 1397 5 . . . 32855 1398 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1398 2 . . . 32855 1399 1 105 105 CD 32855 1399 2 - - SYM 32855 1399 3 116 116 CD 32855 1399 4 , , , 32855 1399 5 6 6 CD 32855 1399 6 figures figure NNS 32855 1399 7 in in IN 32855 1399 8 text text NN 32855 1399 9 . . . 32855 1400 1 May May NNP 32855 1400 2 19 19 CD 32855 1400 3 , , , 32855 1400 4 1956 1956 CD 32855 1400 5 . . . 32855 1401 1 6 6 CD 32855 1401 2 . . . 32855 1402 1 Additional additional JJ 32855 1402 2 remains remain NNS 32855 1402 3 of of IN 32855 1402 4 the the DT 32855 1402 5 multituberculate multituberculate NN 32855 1402 6 genus genus NN 32855 1402 7 Eucosmodon Eucosmodon NNP 32855 1402 8 . . . 32855 1403 1 By by IN 32855 1403 2 Robert Robert NNP 32855 1403 3 W. W. NNP 32855 1403 4 Wilson Wilson NNP 32855 1403 5 . . . 32855 1404 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1404 2 . . . 32855 1405 1 117 117 CD 32855 1405 2 - - SYM 32855 1405 3 123 123 CD 32855 1405 4 , , , 32855 1405 5 10 10 CD 32855 1405 6 figures figure NNS 32855 1405 7 in in IN 32855 1405 8 text text NN 32855 1405 9 . . . 32855 1406 1 May May NNP 32855 1406 2 19 19 CD 32855 1406 3 , , , 32855 1406 4 1956 1956 CD 32855 1406 5 . . . 32855 1407 1 7 7 LS 32855 1407 2 . . . 32855 1408 1 Mammals mammal NNS 32855 1408 2 of of IN 32855 1408 3 Coahuila Coahuila NNP 32855 1408 4 , , , 32855 1408 5 Mexico Mexico NNP 32855 1408 6 . . . 32855 1409 1 By by IN 32855 1409 2 Rollin Rollin NNP 32855 1409 3 H. H. NNP 32855 1409 4 Baker Baker NNP 32855 1409 5 . . . 32855 1410 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1410 2 . . . 32855 1411 1 125 125 CD 32855 1411 2 - - SYM 32855 1411 3 335 335 CD 32855 1411 4 , , , 32855 1411 5 75 75 CD 32855 1411 6 figures figure NNS 32855 1411 7 in in IN 32855 1411 8 text text NN 32855 1411 9 . . . 32855 1412 1 June June NNP 32855 1412 2 15 15 CD 32855 1412 3 , , , 32855 1412 4 1956 1956 CD 32855 1412 5 . . . 32855 1413 1 8 8 LS 32855 1413 2 . . . 32855 1414 1 Comments comment NNS 32855 1414 2 on on IN 32855 1414 3 the the DT 32855 1414 4 taxonomic taxonomic JJ 32855 1414 5 status status NN 32855 1414 6 of of IN 32855 1414 7 Apodemus Apodemus NNP 32855 1414 8 peninsulae peninsulae NNP 32855 1414 9 , , , 32855 1414 10 with with IN 32855 1414 11 description description NN 32855 1414 12 of of IN 32855 1414 13 a a DT 32855 1414 14 new new JJ 32855 1414 15 subspecies subspecie NNS 32855 1414 16 from from IN 32855 1414 17 North North NNP 32855 1414 18 China China NNP 32855 1414 19 . . . 32855 1415 1 By by IN 32855 1415 2 J. J. NNP 32855 1415 3 Knox Knox NNP 32855 1415 4 Jones Jones NNP 32855 1415 5 , , , 32855 1415 6 Jr. Jr. NNP 32855 1415 7 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1415 8 . . . 32855 1416 1 337 337 CD 32855 1416 2 - - SYM 32855 1416 3 346 346 CD 32855 1416 4 , , , 32855 1416 5 1 1 CD 32855 1416 6 figure figure NN 32855 1416 7 in in IN 32855 1416 8 text text NN 32855 1416 9 , , , 32855 1416 10 1 1 CD 32855 1416 11 table table NN 32855 1416 12 . . . 32855 1417 1 August August NNP 32855 1417 2 15 15 CD 32855 1417 3 , , , 32855 1417 4 1956 1956 CD 32855 1417 5 . . . 32855 1418 1 9 9 CD 32855 1418 2 . . . 32855 1419 1 Extensions extension NNS 32855 1419 2 of of IN 32855 1419 3 known know VBN 32855 1419 4 ranges range NNS 32855 1419 5 of of IN 32855 1419 6 Mexican mexican JJ 32855 1419 7 bats bat NNS 32855 1419 8 . . . 32855 1420 1 By by IN 32855 1420 2 Sydney Sydney NNP 32855 1420 3 Anderson Anderson NNP 32855 1420 4 . . . 32855 1421 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1421 2 . . . 32855 1422 1 347 347 CD 32855 1422 2 - - SYM 32855 1422 3 351 351 CD 32855 1422 4 . . . 32855 1423 1 August August NNP 32855 1423 2 15 15 CD 32855 1423 3 , , , 32855 1423 4 1956 1956 CD 32855 1423 5 . . . 32855 1424 1 10 10 CD 32855 1424 2 . . . 32855 1425 1 A a DT 32855 1425 2 new new JJ 32855 1425 3 bat bat NN 32855 1425 4 ( ( -LRB- 32855 1425 5 Genus Genus NNP 32855 1425 6 Leptonycteris Leptonycteris NNP 32855 1425 7 ) ) -RRB- 32855 1425 8 from from IN 32855 1425 9 Coahuila Coahuila NNP 32855 1425 10 . . . 32855 1426 1 By by IN 32855 1426 2 Howard Howard NNP 32855 1426 3 J. J. NNP 32855 1426 4 Stains Stains NNP 32855 1426 5 . . . 32855 1427 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1427 2 . . . 32855 1428 1 353 353 CD 32855 1428 2 - - SYM 32855 1428 3 356 356 CD 32855 1428 4 . . . 32855 1429 1 January January NNP 32855 1429 2 21 21 CD 32855 1429 3 , , , 32855 1429 4 1957 1957 CD 32855 1429 5 . . . 32855 1430 1 11 11 CD 32855 1430 2 . . . 32855 1431 1 A a DT 32855 1431 2 new new JJ 32855 1431 3 species specie NNS 32855 1431 4 of of IN 32855 1431 5 pocket pocket NN 32855 1431 6 gopher gopher NN 32855 1431 7 ( ( -LRB- 32855 1431 8 Genus Genus NNP 32855 1431 9 Pappogeomys Pappogeomys NNP 32855 1431 10 ) ) -RRB- 32855 1431 11 from from IN 32855 1431 12 Jalisco Jalisco NNP 32855 1431 13 , , , 32855 1431 14 Mexico Mexico NNP 32855 1431 15 . . . 32855 1432 1 By by IN 32855 1432 2 Robert Robert NNP 32855 1432 3 J. J. NNP 32855 1432 4 Russell Russell NNP 32855 1432 5 . . . 32855 1433 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1433 2 . . . 32855 1434 1 357 357 CD 32855 1434 2 - - CD 32855 1434 3 361 361 CD 32855 1434 4 . . . 32855 1435 1 January January NNP 32855 1435 2 21 21 CD 32855 1435 3 , , , 32855 1435 4 1957 1957 CD 32855 1435 5 . . . 32855 1436 1 12 12 CD 32855 1436 2 . . . 32855 1437 1 Geographic geographic JJ 32855 1437 2 variation variation NN 32855 1437 3 in in IN 32855 1437 4 the the DT 32855 1437 5 pocket pocket NN 32855 1437 6 gopher gopher NN 32855 1437 7 , , , 32855 1437 8 Thomomys Thomomys NNP 32855 1437 9 bottae bottae NN 32855 1437 10 , , , 32855 1437 11 in in IN 32855 1437 12 Colorado Colorado NNP 32855 1437 13 . . . 32855 1438 1 By by IN 32855 1438 2 Phillip Phillip NNP 32855 1438 3 M. M. NNP 32855 1438 4 Youngman Youngman NNP 32855 1438 5 . . . 32855 1439 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1439 2 . . . 32855 1440 1 363 363 CD 32855 1440 2 - - SYM 32855 1440 3 387 387 CD 32855 1440 4 , , , 32855 1440 5 7 7 CD 32855 1440 6 figures figure NNS 32855 1440 7 in in IN 32855 1440 8 text text NN 32855 1440 9 . . . 32855 1441 1 February February NNP 32855 1441 2 21 21 CD 32855 1441 3 , , , 32855 1441 4 1958 1958 CD 32855 1441 5 . . . 32855 1442 1 13 13 CD 32855 1442 2 . . . 32855 1443 1 New new JJ 32855 1443 2 bog bog NN 32855 1443 3 lemming lemming NN 32855 1443 4 ( ( -LRB- 32855 1443 5 genus genus JJ 32855 1443 6 Synaptomys Synaptomys NNP 32855 1443 7 ) ) -RRB- 32855 1443 8 from from IN 32855 1443 9 Nebraska Nebraska NNP 32855 1443 10 . . . 32855 1444 1 By by IN 32855 1444 2 J. J. NNP 32855 1444 3 Knox Knox NNP 32855 1444 4 Jones Jones NNP 32855 1444 5 , , , 32855 1444 6 Jr. Jr. NNP 32855 1444 7 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1444 8 . . . 32855 1445 1 385 385 CD 32855 1445 2 - - SYM 32855 1445 3 388 388 CD 32855 1445 4 . . . 32855 1446 1 May May NNP 32855 1446 2 12 12 CD 32855 1446 3 , , , 32855 1446 4 1958 1958 CD 32855 1446 5 . . . 32855 1447 1 14 14 CD 32855 1447 2 . . . 32855 1448 1 Pleistocene pleistocene NN 32855 1448 2 bats bat NNS 32855 1448 3 from from IN 32855 1448 4 San San NNP 32855 1448 5 Josecito Josecito NNP 32855 1448 6 Cave Cave NNP 32855 1448 7 , , , 32855 1448 8 Nuevo Nuevo NNP 32855 1448 9 León León NNP 32855 1448 10 , , , 32855 1448 11 Mà Mà NNP 32855 1448 12 © © NNP 32855 1448 13 xico xico NNP 32855 1448 14 . . . 32855 1449 1 By by IN 32855 1449 2 J. J. NNP 32855 1449 3 Knox Knox NNP 32855 1449 4 Jones Jones NNP 32855 1449 5 , , , 32855 1449 6 Jr. Jr. NNP 32855 1449 7 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1449 8 . . . 32855 1450 1 389 389 CD 32855 1450 2 - - SYM 32855 1450 3 396 396 CD 32855 1450 4 . . . 32855 1451 1 December December NNP 32855 1451 2 19 19 CD 32855 1451 3 , , , 32855 1451 4 1958 1958 CD 32855 1451 5 . . . 32855 1452 1 15 15 CD 32855 1452 2 . . . 32855 1453 1 New new JJ 32855 1453 2 subspecies subspecie NNS 32855 1453 3 of of IN 32855 1453 4 the the DT 32855 1453 5 rodent rodent NN 32855 1453 6 Baiomys Baiomys NNP 32855 1453 7 from from IN 32855 1453 8 Central Central NNP 32855 1453 9 America America NNP 32855 1453 10 . . . 32855 1454 1 By by IN 32855 1454 2 Robert Robert NNP 32855 1454 3 L. L. NNP 32855 1454 4 Packard Packard NNP 32855 1454 5 . . . 32855 1455 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1455 2 . . . 32855 1456 1 397 397 CD 32855 1456 2 - - SYM 32855 1456 3 404 404 CD 32855 1456 4 . . . 32855 1457 1 December December NNP 32855 1457 2 19 19 CD 32855 1457 3 , , , 32855 1457 4 1958 1958 CD 32855 1457 5 . . . 32855 1458 1 16 16 CD 32855 1458 2 . . . 32855 1459 1 Mammals mammal NNS 32855 1459 2 of of IN 32855 1459 3 the the DT 32855 1459 4 Grand Grand NNP 32855 1459 5 Mesa Mesa NNP 32855 1459 6 , , , 32855 1459 7 Colorado Colorado NNP 32855 1459 8 . . . 32855 1460 1 By by IN 32855 1460 2 Sydney Sydney NNP 32855 1460 3 Anderson Anderson NNP 32855 1460 4 . . . 32855 1461 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1461 2 . . . 32855 1462 1 405 405 CD 32855 1462 2 - - CD 32855 1462 3 414 414 CD 32855 1462 4 , , , 32855 1462 5 1 1 CD 32855 1462 6 figure figure NN 32855 1462 7 in in IN 32855 1462 8 text text NN 32855 1462 9 , , , 32855 1462 10 May May NNP 32855 1462 11 20 20 CD 32855 1462 12 , , , 32855 1462 13 1959 1959 CD 32855 1462 14 . . . 32855 1463 1 17 17 CD 32855 1463 2 . . . 32855 1464 1 Distribution distribution NN 32855 1464 2 , , , 32855 1464 3 variation variation NN 32855 1464 4 , , , 32855 1464 5 and and CC 32855 1464 6 relationships relationship NNS 32855 1464 7 of of IN 32855 1464 8 the the DT 32855 1464 9 montane montane NNP 32855 1464 10 vole vole NNP 32855 1464 11 , , , 32855 1464 12 Microtus Microtus NNP 32855 1464 13 montanus montanus NN 32855 1464 14 . . . 32855 1465 1 By by IN 32855 1465 2 Sydney Sydney NNP 32855 1465 3 Anderson Anderson NNP 32855 1465 4 . . . 32855 1466 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1466 2 . . . 32855 1467 1 415 415 CD 32855 1467 2 - - SYM 32855 1467 3 511 511 CD 32855 1467 4 , , , 32855 1467 5 12 12 CD 32855 1467 6 figures figure NNS 32855 1467 7 in in IN 32855 1467 8 text text NN 32855 1467 9 , , , 32855 1467 10 2 2 CD 32855 1467 11 tables table NNS 32855 1467 12 . . . 32855 1468 1 August August NNP 32855 1468 2 1 1 CD 32855 1468 3 , , , 32855 1468 4 1959 1959 CD 32855 1468 5 . . . 32855 1469 1 18 18 CD 32855 1469 2 . . . 32855 1470 1 Conspecificity conspecificity NN 32855 1470 2 of of IN 32855 1470 3 two two CD 32855 1470 4 pocket pocket NN 32855 1470 5 mice mouse NNS 32855 1470 6 , , , 32855 1470 7 Perognathus Perognathus NNP 32855 1470 8 goldmani goldmani NN 32855 1470 9 and and CC 32855 1470 10 P. p. NN 32855 1470 11 artus artus NN 32855 1470 12 . . . 32855 1471 1 By by IN 32855 1471 2 E. E. NNP 32855 1471 3 Raymond Raymond NNP 32855 1471 4 Hall Hall NNP 32855 1471 5 and and CC 32855 1471 6 Marilyn Marilyn NNP 32855 1471 7 Bailey Bailey NNP 32855 1471 8 Ogilvie Ogilvie NNP 32855 1471 9 . . . 32855 1472 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1472 2 . . . 32855 1473 1 513 513 CD 32855 1473 2 - - SYM 32855 1473 3 518 518 CD 32855 1473 4 , , , 32855 1473 5 1 1 CD 32855 1473 6 map map NN 32855 1473 7 . . . 32855 1474 1 January January NNP 32855 1474 2 14 14 CD 32855 1474 3 , , , 32855 1474 4 1960 1960 CD 32855 1474 5 . . . 32855 1475 1 19 19 CD 32855 1475 2 . . . 32855 1476 1 Records record NNS 32855 1476 2 of of IN 32855 1476 3 harvest harvest NN 32855 1476 4 mice mouse NNS 32855 1476 5 , , , 32855 1476 6 Reithrodontomys Reithrodontomys NNP 32855 1476 7 , , , 32855 1476 8 from from IN 32855 1476 9 Central Central NNP 32855 1476 10 America America NNP 32855 1476 11 , , , 32855 1476 12 with with IN 32855 1476 13 description description NN 32855 1476 14 of of IN 32855 1476 15 a a DT 32855 1476 16 new new JJ 32855 1476 17 subspecies subspecie NNS 32855 1476 18 from from IN 32855 1476 19 Nicaragua Nicaragua NNP 32855 1476 20 . . . 32855 1477 1 By by IN 32855 1477 2 Sydney Sydney NNP 32855 1477 3 Anderson Anderson NNP 32855 1477 4 and and CC 32855 1477 5 J. J. NNP 32855 1477 6 Knox Knox NNP 32855 1477 7 Jones Jones NNP 32855 1477 8 , , , 32855 1477 9 Jr. Jr. NNP 32855 1477 10 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1477 11 . . . 32855 1478 1 519 519 CD 32855 1478 2 - - SYM 32855 1478 3 529 529 CD 32855 1478 4 . . . 32855 1479 1 January January NNP 32855 1479 2 14 14 CD 32855 1479 3 , , , 32855 1479 4 1960 1960 CD 32855 1479 5 . . . 32855 1480 1 20 20 CD 32855 1480 2 . . . 32855 1481 1 Small small JJ 32855 1481 2 carnivores carnivore NNS 32855 1481 3 from from IN 32855 1481 4 San San NNP 32855 1481 5 Josecito Josecito NNP 32855 1481 6 Cave Cave NNP 32855 1481 7 ( ( -LRB- 32855 1481 8 Pleistocene Pleistocene NNP 32855 1481 9 ) ) -RRB- 32855 1481 10 , , , 32855 1481 11 Nuevo Nuevo NNP 32855 1481 12 León León NNP 32855 1481 13 , , , 32855 1481 14 Mà Mà NNP 32855 1481 15 © © NNP 32855 1481 16 xico xico NNP 32855 1481 17 . . . 32855 1482 1 By by IN 32855 1482 2 E. E. NNP 32855 1482 3 Raymond Raymond NNP 32855 1482 4 Hall Hall NNP 32855 1482 5 . . . 32855 1483 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1483 2 . . . 32855 1484 1 531 531 CD 32855 1484 2 - - SYM 32855 1484 3 538 538 CD 32855 1484 4 , , , 32855 1484 5 1 1 CD 32855 1484 6 figure figure NN 32855 1484 7 in in IN 32855 1484 8 text text NN 32855 1484 9 . . . 32855 1485 1 January January NNP 32855 1485 2 14 14 CD 32855 1485 3 , , , 32855 1485 4 1960 1960 CD 32855 1485 5 . . . 32855 1486 1 21 21 CD 32855 1486 2 . . . 32855 1487 1 Pleistocene pleistocene NN 32855 1487 2 pocket pocket NN 32855 1487 3 gophers gopher NNS 32855 1487 4 from from IN 32855 1487 5 San San NNP 32855 1487 6 Josecito Josecito NNP 32855 1487 7 Cave Cave NNP 32855 1487 8 , , , 32855 1487 9 Nuevo Nuevo NNP 32855 1487 10 León León NNP 32855 1487 11 , , , 32855 1487 12 Mà Mà NNP 32855 1487 13 © © NNP 32855 1487 14 xico xico NNP 32855 1487 15 . . . 32855 1488 1 By by IN 32855 1488 2 Robert Robert NNP 32855 1488 3 J. J. NNP 32855 1488 4 Russell Russell NNP 32855 1488 5 . . . 32855 1489 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1489 2 . . . 32855 1490 1 539 539 CD 32855 1490 2 - - SYM 32855 1490 3 548 548 CD 32855 1490 4 , , , 32855 1490 5 1 1 CD 32855 1490 6 figure figure NN 32855 1490 7 in in IN 32855 1490 8 text text NN 32855 1490 9 . . . 32855 1491 1 January January NNP 32855 1491 2 14 14 CD 32855 1491 3 , , , 32855 1491 4 1960 1960 CD 32855 1491 5 . . . 32855 1492 1 22 22 CD 32855 1492 2 . . . 32855 1492 3 Review review NN 32855 1492 4 of of IN 32855 1492 5 the the DT 32855 1492 6 insectivores insectivore NNS 32855 1492 7 of of IN 32855 1492 8 Korea Korea NNP 32855 1492 9 . . . 32855 1493 1 By by IN 32855 1493 2 J. J. NNP 32855 1493 3 Knox Knox NNP 32855 1493 4 Jones Jones NNP 32855 1493 5 , , , 32855 1493 6 Jr. Jr. NNP 32855 1493 7 , , , 32855 1493 8 and and CC 32855 1493 9 David David NNP 32855 1493 10 H. H. NNP 32855 1493 11 Johnson Johnson NNP 32855 1493 12 . . . 32855 1494 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1494 2 . . . 32855 1495 1 549 549 CD 32855 1495 2 - - SYM 32855 1495 3 578 578 CD 32855 1495 4 . . . 32855 1496 1 February February NNP 32855 1496 2 23 23 CD 32855 1496 3 , , , 32855 1496 4 1960 1960 CD 32855 1496 5 . . . 32855 1497 1 23 23 CD 32855 1497 2 . . . 32855 1498 1 Speciation speciation NN 32855 1498 2 and and CC 32855 1498 3 evolution evolution NN 32855 1498 4 of of IN 32855 1498 5 the the DT 32855 1498 6 pygmy pygmy NN 32855 1498 7 mice mouse NNS 32855 1498 8 , , , 32855 1498 9 genus genus JJ 32855 1498 10 Baiomys Baiomys NNP 32855 1498 11 . . . 32855 1499 1 By by IN 32855 1499 2 Robert Robert NNP 32855 1499 3 L. L. NNP 32855 1499 4 Packard Packard NNP 32855 1499 5 . . . 32855 1500 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1500 2 . . . 32855 1501 1 579 579 CD 32855 1501 2 - - HYPH 32855 1501 3 670 670 CD 32855 1501 4 , , , 32855 1501 5 4 4 CD 32855 1501 6 plates plate NNS 32855 1501 7 , , , 32855 1501 8 12 12 CD 32855 1501 9 figures figure NNS 32855 1501 10 in in IN 32855 1501 11 text text NN 32855 1501 12 . . . 32855 1502 1 June June NNP 32855 1502 2 16 16 CD 32855 1502 3 , , , 32855 1502 4 1960 1960 CD 32855 1502 5 . . . 32855 1503 1 Index index NN 32855 1503 2 . . . 32855 1504 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1504 2 . . . 32855 1505 1 671 671 CD 32855 1505 2 - - SYM 32855 1505 3 690 690 CD 32855 1505 4 . . . 32855 1506 1 Vol Vol NNP 32855 1506 2 . . . 32855 1507 1 10 10 CD 32855 1507 2 . . . 32855 1508 1 1 1 LS 32855 1508 2 . . . 32855 1509 1 Studies study NNS 32855 1509 2 of of IN 32855 1509 3 birds bird NNS 32855 1509 4 killed kill VBN 32855 1509 5 in in IN 32855 1509 6 nocturnal nocturnal JJ 32855 1509 7 migration migration NN 32855 1509 8 . . . 32855 1510 1 By by IN 32855 1510 2 Harrison Harrison NNP 32855 1510 3 B. B. NNP 32855 1510 4 Tordoff Tordoff NNP 32855 1510 5 and and CC 32855 1510 6 Robert Robert NNP 32855 1510 7 M. M. NNP 32855 1510 8 Mengel Mengel NNP 32855 1510 9 . . . 32855 1511 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1511 2 . . . 32855 1512 1 1 1 CD 32855 1512 2 - - SYM 32855 1512 3 44 44 CD 32855 1512 4 , , , 32855 1512 5 6 6 CD 32855 1512 6 figures figure NNS 32855 1512 7 in in IN 32855 1512 8 text text NN 32855 1512 9 , , , 32855 1512 10 2 2 CD 32855 1512 11 tables table NNS 32855 1512 12 . . . 32855 1513 1 September September NNP 32855 1513 2 12 12 CD 32855 1513 3 , , , 32855 1513 4 1956 1956 CD 32855 1513 5 . . . 32855 1514 1 2 2 LS 32855 1514 2 . . . 32855 1515 1 Comparative comparative JJ 32855 1515 2 breeding breeding NN 32855 1515 3 behavior behavior NN 32855 1515 4 of of IN 32855 1515 5 Ammospiza Ammospiza NNP 32855 1515 6 caudacuta caudacuta NN 32855 1515 7 and and CC 32855 1515 8 A. a. NN 32855 1515 9 maritima maritima NN 32855 1515 10 . . . 32855 1516 1 By by IN 32855 1516 2 Glen Glen NNP 32855 1516 3 E. E. NNP 32855 1516 4 Woolfenden Woolfenden NNP 32855 1516 5 . . . 32855 1517 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1517 2 . . . 32855 1518 1 45 45 CD 32855 1518 2 - - SYM 32855 1518 3 75 75 CD 32855 1518 4 , , , 32855 1518 5 6 6 CD 32855 1518 6 plates plate NNS 32855 1518 7 , , , 32855 1518 8 1 1 CD 32855 1518 9 figure figure NN 32855 1518 10 . . . 32855 1519 1 December December NNP 32855 1519 2 20 20 CD 32855 1519 3 , , , 32855 1519 4 1956 1956 CD 32855 1519 5 . . . 32855 1520 1 3 3 LS 32855 1520 2 . . . 32855 1521 1 The the DT 32855 1521 2 forest forest NN 32855 1521 3 habitat habitat NN 32855 1521 4 of of IN 32855 1521 5 the the DT 32855 1521 6 University University NNP 32855 1521 7 of of IN 32855 1521 8 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 1521 9 Natural Natural NNP 32855 1521 10 History History NNP 32855 1521 11 Reservation Reservation NNP 32855 1521 12 . . . 32855 1522 1 By by IN 32855 1522 2 Henry Henry NNP 32855 1522 3 S. S. NNP 32855 1522 4 Fitch Fitch NNP 32855 1522 5 and and CC 32855 1522 6 Ronald Ronald NNP 32855 1522 7 R. R. NNP 32855 1522 8 McGregor McGregor NNP 32855 1522 9 . . . 32855 1523 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1523 2 . . . 32855 1524 1 77 77 CD 32855 1524 2 - - SYM 32855 1524 3 127 127 CD 32855 1524 4 , , , 32855 1524 5 2 2 CD 32855 1524 6 plates plate NNS 32855 1524 7 , , , 32855 1524 8 7 7 CD 32855 1524 9 figures figure NNS 32855 1524 10 in in IN 32855 1524 11 text text NN 32855 1524 12 , , , 32855 1524 13 4 4 CD 32855 1524 14 tables table NNS 32855 1524 15 . . . 32855 1525 1 December December NNP 32855 1525 2 31 31 CD 32855 1525 3 , , , 32855 1525 4 1956 1956 CD 32855 1525 5 . . . 32855 1526 1 4 4 LS 32855 1526 2 . . . 32855 1527 1 Aspects aspect NNS 32855 1527 2 of of IN 32855 1527 3 reproduction reproduction NN 32855 1527 4 and and CC 32855 1527 5 development development NN 32855 1527 6 in in IN 32855 1527 7 the the DT 32855 1527 8 prairie prairie NNP 32855 1527 9 vole vole NNP 32855 1527 10 ( ( -LRB- 32855 1527 11 Microtus Microtus NNP 32855 1527 12 ochrogaster ochrogaster NN 32855 1527 13 ) ) -RRB- 32855 1527 14 . . . 32855 1528 1 By by IN 32855 1528 2 Henry Henry NNP 32855 1528 3 S. S. NNP 32855 1528 4 Fitch Fitch NNP 32855 1528 5 . . . 32855 1529 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1529 2 . . . 32855 1530 1 129 129 CD 32855 1530 2 - - SYM 32855 1530 3 161 161 CD 32855 1530 4 , , , 32855 1530 5 8 8 CD 32855 1530 6 figures figure NNS 32855 1530 7 in in IN 32855 1530 8 text text NN 32855 1530 9 , , , 32855 1530 10 4 4 CD 32855 1530 11 tables table NNS 32855 1530 12 . . . 32855 1531 1 December December NNP 32855 1531 2 19 19 CD 32855 1531 3 , , , 32855 1531 4 1957 1957 CD 32855 1531 5 . . . 32855 1532 1 5 5 CD 32855 1532 2 . . . 32855 1533 1 Birds bird NNS 32855 1533 2 found find VBN 32855 1533 3 on on IN 32855 1533 4 the the DT 32855 1533 5 Arctic Arctic NNP 32855 1533 6 slope slope NN 32855 1533 7 of of IN 32855 1533 8 northern northern JJ 32855 1533 9 Alaska Alaska NNP 32855 1533 10 . . . 32855 1534 1 By by IN 32855 1534 2 James James NNP 32855 1534 3 W. W. NNP 32855 1534 4 Bee Bee NNP 32855 1534 5 . . . 32855 1535 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1535 2 . . . 32855 1536 1 163 163 CD 32855 1536 2 - - SYM 32855 1536 3 211 211 CD 32855 1536 4 , , , 32855 1536 5 plates plate VBZ 32855 1536 6 9 9 CD 32855 1536 7 - - SYM 32855 1536 8 10 10 CD 32855 1536 9 , , , 32855 1536 10 1 1 CD 32855 1536 11 figure figure NN 32855 1536 12 in in IN 32855 1536 13 text text NN 32855 1536 14 . . . 32855 1537 1 March March NNP 32855 1537 2 12 12 CD 32855 1537 3 , , , 32855 1537 4 1958 1958 CD 32855 1537 5 . . . 32855 1538 1 6 6 CD 32855 1538 2 . . . 32855 1539 1 The the DT 32855 1539 2 wood wood NN 32855 1539 3 rats rat NNS 32855 1539 4 of of IN 32855 1539 5 Colorado Colorado NNP 32855 1539 6 : : : 32855 1539 7 distribution distribution NN 32855 1539 8 and and CC 32855 1539 9 ecology ecology NN 32855 1539 10 . . . 32855 1540 1 By by IN 32855 1540 2 Robert Robert NNP 32855 1540 3 B. B. NNP 32855 1540 4 Finley Finley NNP 32855 1540 5 , , , 32855 1540 6 Jr. Jr. NNP 32855 1540 7 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1540 8 . . . 32855 1541 1 213 213 CD 32855 1541 2 - - SYM 32855 1541 3 552 552 CD 32855 1541 4 , , , 32855 1541 5 34 34 CD 32855 1541 6 plates plate NNS 32855 1541 7 , , , 32855 1541 8 8 8 CD 32855 1541 9 figures figure NNS 32855 1541 10 in in IN 32855 1541 11 text text NN 32855 1541 12 , , , 32855 1541 13 35 35 CD 32855 1541 14 tables table NNS 32855 1541 15 . . . 32855 1542 1 November November NNP 32855 1542 2 7 7 CD 32855 1542 3 , , , 32855 1542 4 1958 1958 CD 32855 1542 5 . . . 32855 1543 1 7 7 LS 32855 1543 2 . . . 32855 1544 1 Home home NN 32855 1544 2 ranges range NNS 32855 1544 3 and and CC 32855 1544 4 movements movement NNS 32855 1544 5 of of IN 32855 1544 6 the the DT 32855 1544 7 eastern eastern JJ 32855 1544 8 cottontail cottontail NN 32855 1544 9 in in IN 32855 1544 10 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 1544 11 . . . 32855 1545 1 By by IN 32855 1545 2 Donald Donald NNP 32855 1545 3 W. W. NNP 32855 1545 4 Janes Janes NNP 32855 1545 5 . . . 32855 1546 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1546 2 . . . 32855 1547 1 553 553 CD 32855 1547 2 - - SYM 32855 1547 3 572 572 CD 32855 1547 4 , , , 32855 1547 5 4 4 CD 32855 1547 6 plates plate NNS 32855 1547 7 , , , 32855 1547 8 3 3 CD 32855 1547 9 figures figure NNS 32855 1547 10 in in IN 32855 1547 11 text text NN 32855 1547 12 . . . 32855 1548 1 May May NNP 32855 1548 2 4 4 CD 32855 1548 3 , , , 32855 1548 4 1959 1959 CD 32855 1548 5 . . . 32855 1549 1 8 8 LS 32855 1549 2 . . . 32855 1550 1 Natural natural JJ 32855 1550 2 history history NN 32855 1550 3 of of IN 32855 1550 4 the the DT 32855 1550 5 salamander salamander NN 32855 1550 6 , , , 32855 1550 7 Aneides Aneides NNP 32855 1550 8 hardyi hardyi PRP 32855 1550 9 . . . 32855 1551 1 By by IN 32855 1551 2 Richard Richard NNP 32855 1551 3 F. F. NNP 32855 1551 4 Johnston Johnston NNP 32855 1551 5 and and CC 32855 1551 6 Gerhard Gerhard NNP 32855 1551 7 A. A. NNP 32855 1551 8 Schad Schad NNP 32855 1551 9 . . . 32855 1552 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1552 2 . . . 32855 1553 1 573 573 CD 32855 1553 2 - - SYM 32855 1553 3 585 585 CD 32855 1553 4 . . . 32855 1554 1 October October NNP 32855 1554 2 8 8 CD 32855 1554 3 , , , 32855 1554 4 1959 1959 CD 32855 1554 5 . . . 32855 1555 1 9 9 CD 32855 1555 2 . . . 32855 1556 1 A a DT 32855 1556 2 new new JJ 32855 1556 3 subspecies subspecie NNS 32855 1556 4 of of IN 32855 1556 5 lizard lizard NN 32855 1556 6 , , , 32855 1556 7 Cnemidophorus Cnemidophorus NNP 32855 1556 8 sacki sacki NN 32855 1556 9 , , , 32855 1556 10 from from IN 32855 1556 11 Michoacán michoacã¡n NN 32855 1556 12 , , , 32855 1556 13 Mà Mà NNP 32855 1556 14 © © NNP 32855 1556 15 xico xico NNP 32855 1556 16 . . . 32855 1557 1 By by IN 32855 1557 2 William William NNP 32855 1557 3 E. E. NNP 32855 1557 4 Duellman Duellman NNP 32855 1557 5 , , , 32855 1557 6 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1557 7 . . . 32855 1558 1 587 587 CD 32855 1558 2 - - SYM 32855 1558 3 598 598 CD 32855 1558 4 , , , 32855 1558 5 2 2 CD 32855 1558 6 figures figure NNS 32855 1558 7 in in IN 32855 1558 8 text text NN 32855 1558 9 . . . 32855 1559 1 May May NNP 32855 1559 2 2 2 CD 32855 1559 3 , , , 32855 1559 4 1960 1960 CD 32855 1559 5 . . . 32855 1560 1 10 10 CD 32855 1560 2 . . . 32855 1561 1 A a DT 32855 1561 2 taxonomic taxonomic JJ 32855 1561 3 study study NN 32855 1561 4 of of IN 32855 1561 5 the the DT 32855 1561 6 middle middle JJ 32855 1561 7 American american JJ 32855 1561 8 snake snake NN 32855 1561 9 , , , 32855 1561 10 Pituophis Pituophis NNP 32855 1561 11 deppei deppei NNP 32855 1561 12 . . . 32855 1562 1 By by IN 32855 1562 2 William William NNP 32855 1562 3 E. E. NNP 32855 1562 4 Duellman Duellman NNP 32855 1562 5 . . . 32855 1563 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1563 2 . . . 32855 1564 1 599 599 CD 32855 1564 2 - - SYM 32855 1564 3 610 610 CD 32855 1564 4 , , , 32855 1564 5 1 1 CD 32855 1564 6 plate plate NN 32855 1564 7 , , , 32855 1564 8 1 1 CD 32855 1564 9 figure figure NN 32855 1564 10 in in IN 32855 1564 11 text text NN 32855 1564 12 . . . 32855 1565 1 May May NNP 32855 1565 2 2 2 CD 32855 1565 3 , , , 32855 1565 4 1960 1960 CD 32855 1565 5 . . . 32855 1566 1 Index index NN 32855 1566 2 . . . 32855 1567 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1567 2 . . . 32855 1568 1 611 611 CD 32855 1568 2 - - SYM 32855 1568 3 626 626 CD 32855 1568 4 . . . 32855 1569 1 Vol Vol NNP 32855 1569 2 . . . 32855 1570 1 11 11 CD 32855 1570 2 . . . 32855 1571 1 1 1 LS 32855 1571 2 . . . 32855 1572 1 The the DT 32855 1572 2 systematic systematic JJ 32855 1572 3 status status NN 32855 1572 4 of of IN 32855 1572 5 the the DT 32855 1572 6 colubrid colubrid JJ 32855 1572 7 snake snake NN 32855 1572 8 , , , 32855 1572 9 Leptodeira Leptodeira NNP 32855 1572 10 discolor discolor NN 32855 1572 11 Günther gã¼nther NN 32855 1572 12 . . . 32855 1573 1 By by IN 32855 1573 2 William William NNP 32855 1573 3 E. E. NNP 32855 1573 4 Duellman Duellman NNP 32855 1573 5 . . . 32855 1574 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1574 2 . . . 32855 1575 1 1 1 CD 32855 1575 2 - - SYM 32855 1575 3 9 9 CD 32855 1575 4 , , , 32855 1575 5 4 4 CD 32855 1575 6 figures figure NNS 32855 1575 7 . . . 32855 1576 1 July July NNP 32855 1576 2 14 14 CD 32855 1576 3 , , , 32855 1576 4 1958 1958 CD 32855 1576 5 . . . 32855 1577 1 2 2 LS 32855 1577 2 . . . 32855 1578 1 Natural natural JJ 32855 1578 2 history history NN 32855 1578 3 of of IN 32855 1578 4 the the DT 32855 1578 5 six six CD 32855 1578 6 - - HYPH 32855 1578 7 lined line VBN 32855 1578 8 racerunner racerunner NN 32855 1578 9 , , , 32855 1578 10 Cnemidophorus Cnemidophorus NNP 32855 1578 11 sexlineatus sexlineatus NN 32855 1578 12 . . . 32855 1579 1 By by IN 32855 1579 2 Henry Henry NNP 32855 1579 3 S. S. NNP 32855 1579 4 Fitch Fitch NNP 32855 1579 5 . . . 32855 1580 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1580 2 . . . 32855 1581 1 11 11 CD 32855 1581 2 - - SYM 32855 1581 3 62 62 CD 32855 1581 4 , , , 32855 1581 5 9 9 CD 32855 1581 6 figures figure NNS 32855 1581 7 , , , 32855 1581 8 9 9 CD 32855 1581 9 tables table NNS 32855 1581 10 . . . 32855 1582 1 September September NNP 32855 1582 2 19 19 CD 32855 1582 3 , , , 32855 1582 4 1958 1958 CD 32855 1582 5 . . . 32855 1583 1 3 3 LS 32855 1583 2 . . . 32855 1584 1 Home home NN 32855 1584 2 ranges range NNS 32855 1584 3 , , , 32855 1584 4 territories territory NNS 32855 1584 5 , , , 32855 1584 6 and and CC 32855 1584 7 seasonal seasonal JJ 32855 1584 8 movements movement NNS 32855 1584 9 of of IN 32855 1584 10 vertebrates vertebrate NNS 32855 1584 11 of of IN 32855 1584 12 the the DT 32855 1584 13 Natural Natural NNP 32855 1584 14 History History NNP 32855 1584 15 Reservation Reservation NNP 32855 1584 16 . . . 32855 1585 1 By by IN 32855 1585 2 Henry Henry NNP 32855 1585 3 S. S. NNP 32855 1585 4 Fitch Fitch NNP 32855 1585 5 . . . 32855 1586 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1586 2 . . . 32855 1587 1 63 63 CD 32855 1587 2 - - SYM 32855 1587 3 326 326 CD 32855 1587 4 , , , 32855 1587 5 6 6 CD 32855 1587 6 plates plate NNS 32855 1587 7 , , , 32855 1587 8 24 24 CD 32855 1587 9 figures figure NNS 32855 1587 10 in in IN 32855 1587 11 text text NN 32855 1587 12 , , , 32855 1587 13 3 3 CD 32855 1587 14 tables table NNS 32855 1587 15 . . . 32855 1588 1 December December NNP 32855 1588 2 12 12 CD 32855 1588 3 , , , 32855 1588 4 1958 1958 CD 32855 1588 5 . . . 32855 1589 1 4 4 LS 32855 1589 2 . . . 32855 1590 1 A a DT 32855 1590 2 new new JJ 32855 1590 3 snake snake NN 32855 1590 4 of of IN 32855 1590 5 the the DT 32855 1590 6 genus genus JJ 32855 1590 7 Geophis Geophis NNP 32855 1590 8 from from IN 32855 1590 9 Chihuahua Chihuahua NNP 32855 1590 10 , , , 32855 1590 11 Mexico Mexico NNP 32855 1590 12 . . . 32855 1591 1 By by IN 32855 1591 2 John John NNP 32855 1591 3 M. M. NNP 32855 1591 4 Legler Legler NNP 32855 1591 5 . . . 32855 1592 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1592 2 . . . 32855 1593 1 327 327 CD 32855 1593 2 - - SYM 32855 1593 3 334 334 CD 32855 1593 4 , , , 32855 1593 5 2 2 CD 32855 1593 6 figures figure NNS 32855 1593 7 in in IN 32855 1593 8 text text NN 32855 1593 9 . . . 32855 1594 1 January January NNP 32855 1594 2 28 28 CD 32855 1594 3 , , , 32855 1594 4 1959 1959 CD 32855 1594 5 . . . 32855 1595 1 5 5 CD 32855 1595 2 . . . 32855 1596 1 A a DT 32855 1596 2 new new JJ 32855 1596 3 tortoise tortoise NN 32855 1596 4 , , , 32855 1596 5 genus genus NNP 32855 1596 6 Gopherus Gopherus NNP 32855 1596 7 , , , 32855 1596 8 from from IN 32855 1596 9 north north NN 32855 1596 10 - - HYPH 32855 1596 11 central central JJ 32855 1596 12 Mexico Mexico NNP 32855 1596 13 . . . 32855 1597 1 By by IN 32855 1597 2 John John NNP 32855 1597 3 M. M. NNP 32855 1597 4 Legler Legler NNP 32855 1597 5 . . . 32855 1598 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1598 2 . . . 32855 1599 1 335 335 CD 32855 1599 2 - - SYM 32855 1599 3 343 343 CD 32855 1599 4 . . . 32855 1600 1 April April NNP 32855 1600 2 24 24 CD 32855 1600 3 , , , 32855 1600 4 1959 1959 CD 32855 1600 5 . . . 32855 1601 1 6 6 CD 32855 1601 2 . . . 32855 1602 1 Fishes Fishes NNP 32855 1602 2 of of IN 32855 1602 3 Chautauqua Chautauqua NNP 32855 1602 4 , , , 32855 1602 5 Cowley Cowley NNP 32855 1602 6 and and CC 32855 1602 7 Elk Elk NNP 32855 1602 8 counties county NNS 32855 1602 9 , , , 32855 1602 10 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 1602 11 . . . 32855 1603 1 By by IN 32855 1603 2 Artie Artie NNP 32855 1603 3 L. L. NNP 32855 1603 4 Metcalf Metcalf NNP 32855 1603 5 . . . 32855 1604 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1604 2 . . . 32855 1605 1 345 345 CD 32855 1605 2 - - SYM 32855 1605 3 400 400 CD 32855 1605 4 , , , 32855 1605 5 2 2 CD 32855 1605 6 plates plate NNS 32855 1605 7 , , , 32855 1605 8 2 2 CD 32855 1605 9 figures figure NNS 32855 1605 10 in in IN 32855 1605 11 text text NN 32855 1605 12 , , , 32855 1605 13 10 10 CD 32855 1605 14 tables table NNS 32855 1605 15 . . . 32855 1606 1 May May NNP 32855 1606 2 6 6 CD 32855 1606 3 , , , 32855 1606 4 1959 1959 CD 32855 1606 5 . . . 32855 1607 1 7 7 LS 32855 1607 2 . . . 32855 1608 1 Fishes fish NNS 32855 1608 2 of of IN 32855 1608 3 the the DT 32855 1608 4 Big Big NNP 32855 1608 5 Blue Blue NNP 32855 1608 6 river river NN 32855 1608 7 basin basin NN 32855 1608 8 , , , 32855 1608 9 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 1608 10 . . . 32855 1609 1 By by IN 32855 1609 2 W. W. NNP 32855 1609 3 L. L. NNP 32855 1609 4 Minckley Minckley NNP 32855 1609 5 . . . 32855 1610 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1610 2 . . . 32855 1611 1 401 401 CD 32855 1611 2 - - SYM 32855 1611 3 442 442 CD 32855 1611 4 . . . 32855 1612 1 2 2 CD 32855 1612 2 plates plate NNS 32855 1612 3 , , , 32855 1612 4 4 4 CD 32855 1612 5 figures figure NNS 32855 1612 6 in in IN 32855 1612 7 text text NN 32855 1612 8 , , , 32855 1612 9 5 5 CD 32855 1612 10 tables table NNS 32855 1612 11 . . . 32855 1613 1 May May NNP 32855 1613 2 8 8 CD 32855 1613 3 , , , 32855 1613 4 1959 1959 CD 32855 1613 5 . . . 32855 1614 1 8 8 LS 32855 1614 2 . . . 32855 1615 1 Birds bird NNS 32855 1615 2 from from IN 32855 1615 3 Coahuila Coahuila NNP 32855 1615 4 , , , 32855 1615 5 Mà Mà NNP 32855 1615 6 © © NNP 32855 1615 7 xico xico NNP 32855 1615 8 . . . 32855 1616 1 By by IN 32855 1616 2 Emil Emil NNP 32855 1616 3 K. K. NNP 32855 1616 4 Urban Urban NNP 32855 1616 5 . . . 32855 1617 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1617 2 . . . 32855 1618 1 443 443 CD 32855 1618 2 - - SYM 32855 1618 3 516 516 CD 32855 1618 4 . . . 32855 1619 1 August August NNP 32855 1619 2 1 1 CD 32855 1619 3 , , , 32855 1619 4 1959 1959 CD 32855 1619 5 . . . 32855 1620 1 9 9 CD 32855 1620 2 . . . 32855 1621 1 Description description NN 32855 1621 2 of of IN 32855 1621 3 a a DT 32855 1621 4 new new JJ 32855 1621 5 softshell softshell NN 32855 1621 6 turtle turtle NN 32855 1621 7 from from IN 32855 1621 8 the the DT 32855 1621 9 southeastern southeastern JJ 32855 1621 10 United United NNP 32855 1621 11 States States NNP 32855 1621 12 . . . 32855 1622 1 By by IN 32855 1622 2 Robert Robert NNP 32855 1622 3 G. G. NNP 32855 1622 4 Webb Webb NNP 32855 1622 5 . . . 32855 1623 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1623 2 . . . 32855 1624 1 517 517 CD 32855 1624 2 - - SYM 32855 1624 3 525 525 CD 32855 1624 4 , , , 32855 1624 5 2 2 CD 32855 1624 6 plates plate NNS 32855 1624 7 , , , 32855 1624 8 1 1 CD 32855 1624 9 figure figure NN 32855 1624 10 in in IN 32855 1624 11 text text NN 32855 1624 12 . . . 32855 1625 1 August August NNP 32855 1625 2 14 14 CD 32855 1625 3 , , , 32855 1625 4 1959 1959 CD 32855 1625 5 . . . 32855 1626 1 10 10 CD 32855 1626 2 . . . 32855 1627 1 Natural natural JJ 32855 1627 2 history history NN 32855 1627 3 of of IN 32855 1627 4 the the DT 32855 1627 5 ornate ornate JJ 32855 1627 6 box box NN 32855 1627 7 turtle turtle NN 32855 1627 8 , , , 32855 1627 9 Terrapene Terrapene NNP 32855 1627 10 ornata ornata NN 32855 1627 11 ornata ornata NNP 32855 1627 12 Agassiz Agassiz NNP 32855 1627 13 . . . 32855 1628 1 By by IN 32855 1628 2 John John NNP 32855 1628 3 M. M. NNP 32855 1628 4 Legler Legler NNP 32855 1628 5 . . . 32855 1629 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1629 2 . . . 32855 1630 1 527 527 CD 32855 1630 2 - - SYM 32855 1630 3 669 669 CD 32855 1630 4 , , , 32855 1630 5 16 16 CD 32855 1630 6 pls pls UH 32855 1630 7 . . . 32855 1630 8 , , , 32855 1630 9 29 29 CD 32855 1630 10 figures figure NNS 32855 1630 11 in in IN 32855 1630 12 text text NN 32855 1630 13 . . . 32855 1631 1 March March NNP 32855 1631 2 7 7 CD 32855 1631 3 , , , 32855 1631 4 1960 1960 CD 32855 1631 5 . . . 32855 1632 1 Index Index NNP 32855 1632 2 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1632 3 . . . 32855 1633 1 671 671 CD 32855 1633 2 - - SYM 32855 1633 3 703 703 CD 32855 1633 4 . . . 32855 1634 1 Vol Vol NNP 32855 1634 2 . . . 32855 1635 1 12 12 CD 32855 1635 2 . . . 32855 1636 1 1 1 LS 32855 1636 2 . . . 32855 1637 1 Functional functional JJ 32855 1637 2 morphology morphology NN 32855 1637 3 of of IN 32855 1637 4 three three CD 32855 1637 5 bats bat NNS 32855 1637 6 : : : 32855 1637 7 Eumops Eumops NNP 32855 1637 8 , , , 32855 1637 9 Myotis Myotis NNP 32855 1637 10 , , , 32855 1637 11 Macrotus Macrotus NNP 32855 1637 12 . . . 32855 1638 1 By by IN 32855 1638 2 Terry Terry NNP 32855 1638 3 A. A. NNP 32855 1638 4 Vaughan Vaughan NNP 32855 1638 5 . . . 32855 1639 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1639 2 . . . 32855 1640 1 1 1 CD 32855 1640 2 - - SYM 32855 1640 3 153 153 CD 32855 1640 4 , , , 32855 1640 5 4 4 CD 32855 1640 6 plates plate NNS 32855 1640 7 , , , 32855 1640 8 24 24 CD 32855 1640 9 figures figure NNS 32855 1640 10 in in IN 32855 1640 11 text text NN 32855 1640 12 . . . 32855 1641 1 July July NNP 32855 1641 2 8 8 CD 32855 1641 3 , , , 32855 1641 4 1959 1959 CD 32855 1641 5 . . . 32855 1642 1 2 2 LS 32855 1642 2 . . . 32855 1643 1 The the DT 32855 1643 2 ancestry ancestry NN 32855 1643 3 of of IN 32855 1643 4 modern modern JJ 32855 1643 5 Amphibia Amphibia NNP 32855 1643 6 : : : 32855 1643 7 a a DT 32855 1643 8 review review NN 32855 1643 9 of of IN 32855 1643 10 the the DT 32855 1643 11 evidence evidence NN 32855 1643 12 . . . 32855 1644 1 By by IN 32855 1644 2 Theodore Theodore NNP 32855 1644 3 H. H. NNP 32855 1644 4 Eaton Eaton NNP 32855 1644 5 , , , 32855 1644 6 Jr. Jr. NNP 32855 1644 7 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1644 8 . . . 32855 1645 1 155 155 CD 32855 1645 2 - - SYM 32855 1645 3 180 180 CD 32855 1645 4 , , , 32855 1645 5 10 10 CD 32855 1645 6 figures figure NNS 32855 1645 7 in in IN 32855 1645 8 text text NN 32855 1645 9 . . . 32855 1646 1 July July NNP 32855 1646 2 10 10 CD 32855 1646 3 , , , 32855 1646 4 1959 1959 CD 32855 1646 5 . . . 32855 1647 1 3 3 LS 32855 1647 2 . . . 32855 1648 1 The the DT 32855 1648 2 baculum baculum NN 32855 1648 3 in in IN 32855 1648 4 microtine microtine JJ 32855 1648 5 rodents rodent NNS 32855 1648 6 . . . 32855 1649 1 By by IN 32855 1649 2 Sydney Sydney NNP 32855 1649 3 Anderson Anderson NNP 32855 1649 4 . . . 32855 1650 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1650 2 . . . 32855 1651 1 181 181 CD 32855 1651 2 - - SYM 32855 1651 3 216 216 CD 32855 1651 4 , , , 32855 1651 5 49 49 CD 32855 1651 6 figures figure NNS 32855 1651 7 in in IN 32855 1651 8 text text NN 32855 1651 9 . . . 32855 1652 1 February February NNP 32855 1652 2 19 19 CD 32855 1652 3 , , , 32855 1652 4 1960 1960 CD 32855 1652 5 . . . 32855 1653 1 4 4 LS 32855 1653 2 . . . 32855 1654 1 A a DT 32855 1654 2 new new JJ 32855 1654 3 order order NN 32855 1654 4 of of IN 32855 1654 5 fishlike fishlike JJ 32855 1654 6 Amphibia Amphibia NNP 32855 1654 7 from from IN 32855 1654 8 the the DT 32855 1654 9 Pennsylvanian Pennsylvanian NNP 32855 1654 10 of of IN 32855 1654 11 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 1654 12 . . . 32855 1655 1 By by IN 32855 1655 2 Theodore Theodore NNP 32855 1655 3 H. H. NNP 32855 1655 4 Eaton Eaton NNP 32855 1655 5 , , , 32855 1655 6 Jr. Jr. NNP 32855 1655 7 , , , 32855 1655 8 and and CC 32855 1655 9 Peggy Peggy NNP 32855 1655 10 Lou Lou NNP 32855 1655 11 Stewart Stewart NNP 32855 1655 12 . . . 32855 1656 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1656 2 . . . 32855 1657 1 217 217 CD 32855 1657 2 - - SYM 32855 1657 3 240 240 CD 32855 1657 4 , , , 32855 1657 5 12 12 CD 32855 1657 6 figures figure NNS 32855 1657 7 in in IN 32855 1657 8 text text NN 32855 1657 9 . . . 32855 1658 1 May May NNP 32855 1658 2 2 2 CD 32855 1658 3 , , , 32855 1658 4 1960 1960 CD 32855 1658 5 . . . 32855 1659 1 5 5 CD 32855 1659 2 . . . 32855 1660 1 Natural natural JJ 32855 1660 2 history history NN 32855 1660 3 of of IN 32855 1660 4 the the DT 32855 1660 5 bell bell NNP 32855 1660 6 vireo vireo NNP 32855 1660 7 . . . 32855 1661 1 By by IN 32855 1661 2 Jon Jon NNP 32855 1661 3 C. C. NNP 32855 1661 4 Barlow Barlow NNP 32855 1661 5 . . . 32855 1662 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1662 2 . . . 32855 1663 1 241 241 CD 32855 1663 2 - - SYM 32855 1663 3 296 296 CD 32855 1663 4 , , , 32855 1663 5 6 6 CD 32855 1663 6 figures figure NNS 32855 1663 7 in in IN 32855 1663 8 text text NN 32855 1663 9 . . . 32855 1664 1 March March NNP 32855 1664 2 7 7 CD 32855 1664 3 , , , 32855 1664 4 1962 1962 CD 32855 1664 5 . . . 32855 1665 1 More More JJR 32855 1665 2 numbers number NNS 32855 1665 3 will will MD 32855 1665 4 appear appear VB 32855 1665 5 in in IN 32855 1665 6 volume volume NN 32855 1665 7 12 12 CD 32855 1665 8 . . . 32855 1666 1 Vol Vol NNP 32855 1666 2 . . . 32855 1667 1 13 13 CD 32855 1667 2 . . . 32855 1668 1 1 1 LS 32855 1668 2 . . . 32855 1669 1 Five five CD 32855 1669 2 natural natural JJ 32855 1669 3 hybrid hybrid JJ 32855 1669 4 combinations combination NNS 32855 1669 5 in in IN 32855 1669 6 minnows minnow NNS 32855 1669 7 ( ( -LRB- 32855 1669 8 Cyprinidae Cyprinidae NNP 32855 1669 9 ) ) -RRB- 32855 1669 10 . . . 32855 1670 1 By by IN 32855 1670 2 Frank Frank NNP 32855 1670 3 B. B. NNP 32855 1671 1 Cross Cross NNP 32855 1671 2 and and CC 32855 1671 3 W. W. NNP 32855 1671 4 L. L. NNP 32855 1671 5 Minckley Minckley NNP 32855 1671 6 . . . 32855 1672 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1672 2 . . . 32855 1673 1 1 1 CD 32855 1673 2 - - SYM 32855 1673 3 18 18 CD 32855 1673 4 . . . 32855 1674 1 June June NNP 32855 1674 2 1 1 CD 32855 1674 3 , , , 32855 1674 4 1960 1960 CD 32855 1674 5 . . . 32855 1675 1 2 2 LS 32855 1675 2 . . . 32855 1676 1 A a DT 32855 1676 2 distributional distributional JJ 32855 1676 3 study study NN 32855 1676 4 of of IN 32855 1676 5 the the DT 32855 1676 6 amphibians amphibian NNS 32855 1676 7 of of IN 32855 1676 8 the the DT 32855 1676 9 Isthmus Isthmus NNP 32855 1676 10 of of IN 32855 1676 11 Tehuantepec Tehuantepec NNP 32855 1676 12 , , , 32855 1676 13 Mà Mà NNP 32855 1676 14 © © NNP 32855 1676 15 xico xico NNP 32855 1676 16 . . . 32855 1677 1 By by IN 32855 1677 2 William William NNP 32855 1677 3 E. E. NNP 32855 1677 4 Duellman Duellman NNP 32855 1677 5 . . . 32855 1678 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1678 2 . . . 32855 1679 1 19 19 CD 32855 1679 2 - - SYM 32855 1679 3 72 72 CD 32855 1679 4 , , , 32855 1679 5 pls pls UH 32855 1679 6 . . . 32855 1680 1 1 1 CD 32855 1680 2 - - SYM 32855 1680 3 8 8 CD 32855 1680 4 , , , 32855 1680 5 3 3 CD 32855 1680 6 figures figure NNS 32855 1680 7 in in IN 32855 1680 8 text text NN 32855 1680 9 . . . 32855 1681 1 August August NNP 32855 1681 2 16 16 CD 32855 1681 3 , , , 32855 1681 4 1960 1960 CD 32855 1681 5 . . . 32855 1682 1 3 3 LS 32855 1682 2 . . . 32855 1683 1 A a DT 32855 1683 2 new new JJ 32855 1683 3 subspecies subspecie NNS 32855 1683 4 of of IN 32855 1683 5 the the DT 32855 1683 6 slider slider NN 32855 1683 7 turtle turtle NN 32855 1683 8 ( ( -LRB- 32855 1683 9 Pseudemys Pseudemys NNP 32855 1683 10 scripta scripta NN 32855 1683 11 ) ) -RRB- 32855 1683 12 from from IN 32855 1683 13 Coahuila Coahuila NNP 32855 1683 14 , , , 32855 1683 15 Mà Mà NNP 32855 1683 16 © © NNP 32855 1683 17 xico xico NNP 32855 1683 18 . . . 32855 1684 1 By by IN 32855 1684 2 John John NNP 32855 1684 3 M. M. NNP 32855 1684 4 Legler Legler NNP 32855 1684 5 . . . 32855 1685 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1685 2 . . . 32855 1686 1 73 73 CD 32855 1686 2 - - SYM 32855 1686 3 84 84 CD 32855 1686 4 , , , 32855 1686 5 pls pls UH 32855 1686 6 . . . 32855 1687 1 9 9 CD 32855 1687 2 - - SYM 32855 1687 3 12 12 CD 32855 1687 4 , , , 32855 1687 5 3 3 CD 32855 1687 6 figures figure NNS 32855 1687 7 in in IN 32855 1687 8 text text NN 32855 1687 9 . . . 32855 1688 1 August August NNP 32855 1688 2 16 16 CD 32855 1688 3 , , , 32855 1688 4 1960 1960 CD 32855 1688 5 . . . 32855 1689 1 4 4 LS 32855 1689 2 . . . 32855 1690 1 Autecology Autecology NNP 32855 1690 2 of of IN 32855 1690 3 the the DT 32855 1690 4 copperhead copperhead NN 32855 1690 5 . . . 32855 1691 1 By by IN 32855 1691 2 Henry Henry NNP 32855 1691 3 S. S. NNP 32855 1691 4 Fitch Fitch NNP 32855 1691 5 . . . 32855 1692 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1692 2 . . . 32855 1693 1 85 85 CD 32855 1693 2 - - SYM 32855 1693 3 288 288 CD 32855 1693 4 , , , 32855 1693 5 pls pls UH 32855 1693 6 . . . 32855 1694 1 13 13 CD 32855 1694 2 - - SYM 32855 1694 3 20 20 CD 32855 1694 4 , , , 32855 1694 5 26 26 CD 32855 1694 6 figures figure NNS 32855 1694 7 in in IN 32855 1694 8 text text NN 32855 1694 9 . . . 32855 1695 1 November November NNP 32855 1695 2 30 30 CD 32855 1695 3 , , , 32855 1695 4 1960 1960 CD 32855 1695 5 . . . 32855 1696 1 5 5 CD 32855 1696 2 . . . 32855 1697 1 Occurrence occurrence NN 32855 1697 2 of of IN 32855 1697 3 the the DT 32855 1697 4 garter garter NN 32855 1697 5 snake snake NN 32855 1697 6 , , , 32855 1697 7 Thamnophis Thamnophis NNP 32855 1697 8 sirtalis sirtalis NN 32855 1697 9 , , , 32855 1697 10 in in IN 32855 1697 11 the the DT 32855 1697 12 Great Great NNP 32855 1697 13 Plains Plains NNPS 32855 1697 14 and and CC 32855 1697 15 Rocky Rocky NNP 32855 1697 16 Mountains Mountains NNPS 32855 1697 17 . . . 32855 1698 1 By by IN 32855 1698 2 Henry Henry NNP 32855 1698 3 S. S. NNP 32855 1698 4 Fitch Fitch NNP 32855 1698 5 and and CC 32855 1698 6 T. T. NNP 32855 1698 7 Paul Paul NNP 32855 1698 8 Maslin Maslin NNP 32855 1698 9 . . . 32855 1699 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1699 2 . . . 32855 1700 1 289 289 CD 32855 1700 2 - - SYM 32855 1700 3 308 308 CD 32855 1700 4 , , , 32855 1700 5 4 4 CD 32855 1700 6 figures figure NNS 32855 1700 7 in in IN 32855 1700 8 text text NN 32855 1700 9 . . . 32855 1701 1 February February NNP 32855 1701 2 10 10 CD 32855 1701 3 , , , 32855 1701 4 1961 1961 CD 32855 1701 5 . . . 32855 1702 1 6 6 CD 32855 1702 2 . . . 32855 1703 1 Fishes fish NNS 32855 1703 2 of of IN 32855 1703 3 the the DT 32855 1703 4 Wakarusa Wakarusa NNP 32855 1703 5 river river NN 32855 1703 6 in in IN 32855 1703 7 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 1703 8 . . . 32855 1704 1 By by IN 32855 1704 2 James James NNP 32855 1704 3 E. E. NNP 32855 1704 4 Deacon Deacon NNP 32855 1704 5 and and CC 32855 1704 6 Artie Artie NNP 32855 1704 7 L. L. NNP 32855 1704 8 Metcalf Metcalf NNP 32855 1704 9 . . . 32855 1705 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1705 2 . . . 32855 1706 1 309 309 CD 32855 1706 2 - - SYM 32855 1706 3 322 322 CD 32855 1706 4 , , , 32855 1706 5 1 1 CD 32855 1706 6 figure figure NN 32855 1706 7 in in IN 32855 1706 8 text text NN 32855 1706 9 . . . 32855 1707 1 February February NNP 32855 1707 2 10 10 CD 32855 1707 3 , , , 32855 1707 4 1961 1961 CD 32855 1707 5 . . . 32855 1708 1 7 7 LS 32855 1708 2 . . . 32855 1709 1 Geographic geographic JJ 32855 1709 2 variation variation NN 32855 1709 3 in in IN 32855 1709 4 the the DT 32855 1709 5 North north JJ 32855 1709 6 American american JJ 32855 1709 7 cyprinid cyprinid JJ 32855 1709 8 fish fish NN 32855 1709 9 . . . 32855 1710 1 Hybopsis Hybopsis NNP 32855 1710 2 gracilis gracilis NNP 32855 1710 3 . . . 32855 1711 1 By by IN 32855 1711 2 Leonard Leonard NNP 32855 1711 3 J. J. NNP 32855 1711 4 Olund Olund NNP 32855 1711 5 and and CC 32855 1711 6 Frank Frank NNP 32855 1711 7 B. B. NNP 32855 1712 1 Cross Cross NNP 32855 1712 2 . . . 32855 1713 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1713 2 . . . 32855 1714 1 323 323 CD 32855 1714 2 - - SYM 32855 1714 3 348 348 CD 32855 1714 4 , , , 32855 1714 5 pls pls UH 32855 1714 6 . . . 32855 1715 1 21 21 CD 32855 1715 2 - - SYM 32855 1715 3 24 24 CD 32855 1715 4 , , , 32855 1715 5 2 2 CD 32855 1715 6 figures figure NNS 32855 1715 7 in in IN 32855 1715 8 text text NN 32855 1715 9 . . . 32855 1716 1 February February NNP 32855 1716 2 10 10 CD 32855 1716 3 , , , 32855 1716 4 1961 1961 CD 32855 1716 5 . . . 32855 1717 1 8 8 LS 32855 1717 2 . . . 32855 1718 1 Descriptions description NNS 32855 1718 2 of of IN 32855 1718 3 two two CD 32855 1718 4 species specie NNS 32855 1718 5 of of IN 32855 1718 6 frogs frog NNS 32855 1718 7 , , , 32855 1718 8 genus genus NNP 32855 1718 9 Ptychohyla Ptychohyla NNPS 32855 1718 10 ; ; : 32855 1718 11 studies study NNS 32855 1718 12 of of IN 32855 1718 13 American american JJ 32855 1718 14 hylid hylid NNP 32855 1718 15 frogs frog NNS 32855 1718 16 , , , 32855 1718 17 V. V. NNP 32855 1718 18 By by IN 32855 1718 19 William William NNP 32855 1718 20 E. E. NNP 32855 1718 21 Duellman Duellman NNP 32855 1718 22 . . . 32855 1719 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1719 2 . . . 32855 1720 1 349 349 CD 32855 1720 2 - - SYM 32855 1720 3 357 357 CD 32855 1720 4 , , , 32855 1720 5 pl pl NNP 32855 1720 6 . . . 32855 1721 1 25 25 CD 32855 1721 2 , , , 32855 1721 3 2 2 CD 32855 1721 4 figures figure NNS 32855 1721 5 in in IN 32855 1721 6 text text NN 32855 1721 7 . . . 32855 1722 1 April April NNP 32855 1722 2 27 27 CD 32855 1722 3 , , , 32855 1722 4 1961 1961 CD 32855 1722 5 . . . 32855 1723 1 9 9 CD 32855 1723 2 . . . 32855 1724 1 Fish fish NN 32855 1724 2 populations population NNS 32855 1724 3 , , , 32855 1724 4 following follow VBG 32855 1724 5 a a DT 32855 1724 6 drought drought NN 32855 1724 7 , , , 32855 1724 8 in in IN 32855 1724 9 the the DT 32855 1724 10 Neosho Neosho NNP 32855 1724 11 and and CC 32855 1724 12 Marais Marais NNP 32855 1724 13 des des NNP 32855 1724 14 Cygnes Cygnes NNP 32855 1724 15 rivers river NNS 32855 1724 16 of of IN 32855 1724 17 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 1724 18 . . . 32855 1725 1 By by IN 32855 1725 2 James James NNP 32855 1725 3 Everett Everett NNP 32855 1725 4 Deacon Deacon NNP 32855 1725 5 . . . 32855 1726 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1726 2 . . . 32855 1727 1 359 359 CD 32855 1727 2 - - SYM 32855 1727 3 427 427 CD 32855 1727 4 , , , 32855 1727 5 pls pls UH 32855 1727 6 . . . 32855 1728 1 26 26 CD 32855 1728 2 - - SYM 32855 1728 3 30 30 CD 32855 1728 4 , , , 32855 1728 5 3 3 CD 32855 1728 6 figs fig NNS 32855 1728 7 . . . 32855 1729 1 August August NNP 32855 1729 2 11 11 CD 32855 1729 3 , , , 32855 1729 4 1961 1961 CD 32855 1729 5 . . . 32855 1730 1 10 10 CD 32855 1730 2 . . . 32855 1731 1 Recent recent JJ 32855 1731 2 soft soft RB 32855 1731 3 - - HYPH 32855 1731 4 shelled shell VBN 32855 1731 5 turtles turtle NNS 32855 1731 6 of of IN 32855 1731 7 North North NNP 32855 1731 8 America America NNP 32855 1731 9 ( ( -LRB- 32855 1731 10 family family NN 32855 1731 11 Trionychidae Trionychidae NNP 32855 1731 12 ) ) -RRB- 32855 1731 13 . . . 32855 1732 1 By by IN 32855 1732 2 Robert Robert NNP 32855 1732 3 G. G. NNP 32855 1732 4 Webb Webb NNP 32855 1732 5 . . . 32855 1733 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1733 2 . . . 32855 1734 1 429 429 CD 32855 1734 2 - - SYM 32855 1734 3 611 611 CD 32855 1734 4 , , , 32855 1734 5 pls pls UH 32855 1734 6 . . . 32855 1735 1 31 31 CD 32855 1735 2 - - SYM 32855 1735 3 54 54 CD 32855 1735 4 , , , 32855 1735 5 24 24 CD 32855 1735 6 figures figure NNS 32855 1735 7 in in IN 32855 1735 8 text text NN 32855 1735 9 . . . 32855 1736 1 February February NNP 32855 1736 2 16 16 CD 32855 1736 3 , , , 32855 1736 4 1962 1962 CD 32855 1736 5 . . . 32855 1737 1 Vol Vol NNP 32855 1737 2 . . . 32855 1738 1 14 14 CD 32855 1738 2 . . . 32855 1739 1 1 1 LS 32855 1739 2 . . . 32855 1740 1 Neotropical neotropical JJ 32855 1740 2 bats bat NNS 32855 1740 3 from from IN 32855 1740 4 western western JJ 32855 1740 5 Mà Mà NNP 32855 1740 6 © © NNP 32855 1740 7 xico xico NNP 32855 1740 8 . . . 32855 1741 1 By by IN 32855 1741 2 Sydney Sydney NNP 32855 1741 3 Anderson Anderson NNP 32855 1741 4 . . . 32855 1742 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1742 2 . . . 32855 1743 1 1 1 CD 32855 1743 2 - - SYM 32855 1743 3 8 8 CD 32855 1743 4 . . . 32855 1744 1 October October NNP 32855 1744 2 24 24 CD 32855 1744 3 , , , 32855 1744 4 1960 1960 CD 32855 1744 5 . . . 32855 1745 1 2 2 LS 32855 1745 2 . . . 32855 1746 1 Geographic geographic JJ 32855 1746 2 variation variation NN 32855 1746 3 in in IN 32855 1746 4 the the DT 32855 1746 5 harvest harvest NN 32855 1746 6 mouse mouse NN 32855 1746 7 , , , 32855 1746 8 Reithrodontomys Reithrodontomys NNP 32855 1746 9 megalotis megalotis NN 32855 1746 10 , , , 32855 1746 11 on on IN 32855 1746 12 the the DT 32855 1746 13 central central JJ 32855 1746 14 Great Great NNP 32855 1746 15 Plains Plains NNPS 32855 1746 16 and and CC 32855 1746 17 in in IN 32855 1746 18 adjacent adjacent JJ 32855 1746 19 regions region NNS 32855 1746 20 . . . 32855 1747 1 By by IN 32855 1747 2 J. J. NNP 32855 1747 3 Knox Knox NNP 32855 1747 4 Jones Jones NNP 32855 1747 5 , , , 32855 1747 6 Jr. Jr. NNP 32855 1747 7 , , , 32855 1747 8 and and CC 32855 1747 9 B. B. NNP 32855 1747 10 Morsaloglu Morsaloglu NNP 32855 1747 11 . . . 32855 1748 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1748 2 . . . 32855 1749 1 9 9 CD 32855 1749 2 - - SYM 32855 1749 3 27 27 CD 32855 1749 4 , , , 32855 1749 5 1 1 CD 32855 1749 6 figure figure NN 32855 1749 7 in in IN 32855 1749 8 text text NN 32855 1749 9 . . . 32855 1750 1 July July NNP 32855 1750 2 24 24 CD 32855 1750 3 , , , 32855 1750 4 1961 1961 CD 32855 1750 5 . . . 32855 1751 1 3 3 LS 32855 1751 2 . . . 32855 1752 1 Mammals mammal NNS 32855 1752 2 of of IN 32855 1752 3 Mesa Mesa NNP 32855 1752 4 Verde Verde NNP 32855 1752 5 National National NNP 32855 1752 6 Park Park NNP 32855 1752 7 , , , 32855 1752 8 Colorado Colorado NNP 32855 1752 9 . . . 32855 1753 1 By by IN 32855 1753 2 Sydney Sydney NNP 32855 1753 3 Anderson Anderson NNP 32855 1753 4 . . . 32855 1754 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1754 2 . . . 32855 1755 1 29 29 CD 32855 1755 2 - - SYM 32855 1755 3 67 67 CD 32855 1755 4 , , , 32855 1755 5 pls pls UH 32855 1755 6 . . . 32855 1756 1 1 1 CD 32855 1756 2 and and CC 32855 1756 3 2 2 CD 32855 1756 4 , , , 32855 1756 5 3 3 CD 32855 1756 6 figures figure NNS 32855 1756 7 in in IN 32855 1756 8 text text NN 32855 1756 9 . . . 32855 1757 1 July July NNP 32855 1757 2 24 24 CD 32855 1757 3 , , , 32855 1757 4 1961 1961 CD 32855 1757 5 . . . 32855 1758 1 4 4 LS 32855 1758 2 . . . 32855 1759 1 A a DT 32855 1759 2 new new JJ 32855 1759 3 subspecies subspecie NNS 32855 1759 4 of of IN 32855 1759 5 the the DT 32855 1759 6 black black JJ 32855 1759 7 myotis myotis NN 32855 1759 8 ( ( -LRB- 32855 1759 9 bat bat NN 32855 1759 10 ) ) -RRB- 32855 1759 11 from from IN 32855 1759 12 eastern eastern JJ 32855 1759 13 Mexico Mexico NNP 32855 1759 14 . . . 32855 1760 1 By by IN 32855 1760 2 E. E. NNP 32855 1760 3 Raymond Raymond NNP 32855 1760 4 Hall Hall NNP 32855 1760 5 and and CC 32855 1760 6 Ticul Ticul NNP 32855 1760 7 Alvarez Alvarez NNP 32855 1760 8 . . . 32855 1761 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1761 2 . . . 32855 1762 1 69 69 CD 32855 1762 2 - - SYM 32855 1762 3 72 72 CD 32855 1762 4 , , , 32855 1762 5 1 1 CD 32855 1762 6 figure figure NN 32855 1762 7 in in IN 32855 1762 8 text text NN 32855 1762 9 . . . 32855 1763 1 December December NNP 32855 1763 2 29 29 CD 32855 1763 3 , , , 32855 1763 4 1961 1961 CD 32855 1763 5 . . . 32855 1764 1 5 5 CD 32855 1764 2 . . . 32855 1765 1 North north JJ 32855 1765 2 American american JJ 32855 1765 3 yellow yellow JJ 32855 1765 4 bats bat NNS 32855 1765 5 , , , 32855 1765 6 " " `` 32855 1765 7 Dasypterus Dasypterus NNP 32855 1765 8 , , , 32855 1765 9 " " '' 32855 1765 10 and and CC 32855 1765 11 a a DT 32855 1765 12 list list NN 32855 1765 13 of of IN 32855 1765 14 the the DT 32855 1765 15 named name VBN 32855 1765 16 kinds kind NNS 32855 1765 17 of of IN 32855 1765 18 the the DT 32855 1765 19 genus genus JJ 32855 1765 20 Lasiurus Lasiurus NNP 32855 1765 21 Gray Gray NNP 32855 1765 22 . . . 32855 1766 1 By by IN 32855 1766 2 E. E. NNP 32855 1766 3 Raymond Raymond NNP 32855 1766 4 Hall Hall NNP 32855 1766 5 and and CC 32855 1766 6 J. J. NNP 32855 1766 7 Knox Knox NNP 32855 1766 8 Jones Jones NNP 32855 1766 9 , , , 32855 1766 10 Jr. Jr. NNP 32855 1766 11 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1766 12 . . . 32855 1767 1 73 73 CD 32855 1767 2 - - SYM 32855 1767 3 98 98 CD 32855 1767 4 , , , 32855 1767 5 4 4 CD 32855 1767 6 figures figure NNS 32855 1767 7 in in IN 32855 1767 8 text text NN 32855 1767 9 . . . 32855 1768 1 December December NNP 32855 1768 2 29 29 CD 32855 1768 3 , , , 32855 1768 4 1961 1961 CD 32855 1768 5 . . . 32855 1769 1 6 6 CD 32855 1769 2 . . . 32855 1770 1 Natural natural JJ 32855 1770 2 history history NN 32855 1770 3 of of IN 32855 1770 4 the the DT 32855 1770 5 brush brush NN 32855 1770 6 mouse mouse NN 32855 1770 7 ( ( -LRB- 32855 1770 8 Peromyscus Peromyscus NNP 32855 1770 9 boylii boylii NN 32855 1770 10 ) ) -RRB- 32855 1770 11 in in IN 32855 1770 12 Kansas Kansas NNP 32855 1770 13 with with IN 32855 1770 14 description description NN 32855 1770 15 of of IN 32855 1770 16 a a DT 32855 1770 17 new new JJ 32855 1770 18 subspecies subspecie NNS 32855 1770 19 . . . 32855 1771 1 By by IN 32855 1771 2 Charles Charles NNP 32855 1771 3 A. A. NNP 32855 1772 1 Long long RB 32855 1772 2 . . . 32855 1773 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1773 2 . . . 32855 1774 1 99 99 CD 32855 1774 2 - - SYM 32855 1774 3 111 111 CD 32855 1774 4 , , , 32855 1774 5 1 1 CD 32855 1774 6 figure figure NN 32855 1774 7 in in IN 32855 1774 8 text text NN 32855 1774 9 . . . 32855 1775 1 December December NNP 32855 1775 2 29 29 CD 32855 1775 3 , , , 32855 1775 4 1961 1961 CD 32855 1775 5 . . . 32855 1776 1 7 7 LS 32855 1776 2 . . . 32855 1777 1 Taxonomic taxonomic JJ 32855 1777 2 status status NN 32855 1777 3 of of IN 32855 1777 4 some some DT 32855 1777 5 mice mouse NNS 32855 1777 6 of of IN 32855 1777 7 the the DT 32855 1777 8 Peromyscus Peromyscus NNP 32855 1777 9 boylii boylii NN 32855 1777 10 group group NN 32855 1777 11 in in IN 32855 1777 12 eastern eastern JJ 32855 1777 13 Mexico Mexico NNP 32855 1777 14 , , , 32855 1777 15 with with IN 32855 1777 16 description description NN 32855 1777 17 of of IN 32855 1777 18 a a DT 32855 1777 19 new new JJ 32855 1777 20 subspecies subspecie NNS 32855 1777 21 . . . 32855 1778 1 By by IN 32855 1778 2 Ticul Ticul NNP 32855 1778 3 Alvarez Alvarez NNP 32855 1778 4 . . . 32855 1779 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1779 2 . . . 32855 1780 1 113 113 CD 32855 1780 2 - - SYM 32855 1780 3 120 120 CD 32855 1780 4 , , , 32855 1780 5 1 1 CD 32855 1780 6 figure figure NN 32855 1780 7 in in IN 32855 1780 8 text text NN 32855 1780 9 . . . 32855 1781 1 December December NNP 32855 1781 2 29 29 CD 32855 1781 3 , , , 32855 1781 4 1961 1961 CD 32855 1781 5 . . . 32855 1782 1 8 8 LS 32855 1782 2 . . . 32855 1783 1 A a DT 32855 1783 2 new new JJ 32855 1783 3 subspecies subspecie NNS 32855 1783 4 of of IN 32855 1783 5 ground ground NN 32855 1783 6 squirrel squirrel NN 32855 1783 7 ( ( -LRB- 32855 1783 8 Spermophilus spermophilus JJ 32855 1783 9 spilosoma spilosoma NN 32855 1783 10 ) ) -RRB- 32855 1783 11 from from IN 32855 1783 12 Tamaulipas Tamaulipas NNP 32855 1783 13 , , , 32855 1783 14 Mexico Mexico NNP 32855 1783 15 . . . 32855 1784 1 By by IN 32855 1784 2 Ticul Ticul NNP 32855 1784 3 Alvarez Alvarez NNP 32855 1784 4 . . . 32855 1785 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1785 2 . . . 32855 1786 1 121 121 CD 32855 1786 2 - - SYM 32855 1786 3 124 124 CD 32855 1786 4 . . . 32855 1787 1 March March NNP 32855 1787 2 7 7 CD 32855 1787 3 , , , 32855 1787 4 1962 1962 CD 32855 1787 5 . . . 32855 1788 1 9 9 CD 32855 1788 2 . . . 32855 1789 1 Taxonomic taxonomic JJ 32855 1789 2 status status NN 32855 1789 3 of of IN 32855 1789 4 the the DT 32855 1789 5 free free RB 32855 1789 6 - - HYPH 32855 1789 7 tailed tailed JJ 32855 1789 8 bat bat NN 32855 1789 9 , , , 32855 1789 10 Tadarida Tadarida NNP 32855 1789 11 yucatanica yucatanica NN 32855 1789 12 Miller Miller NNP 32855 1789 13 . . . 32855 1790 1 By by IN 32855 1790 2 J. J. NNP 32855 1790 3 Knox Knox NNP 32855 1790 4 Jones Jones NNP 32855 1790 5 , , , 32855 1790 6 Jr. Jr. NNP 32855 1790 7 , , , 32855 1790 8 and and CC 32855 1790 9 Ticul Ticul NNP 32855 1790 10 Alvarez Alvarez NNP 32855 1790 11 . . . 32855 1791 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1791 2 . . . 32855 1792 1 125 125 CD 32855 1792 2 - - SYM 32855 1792 3 133 133 CD 32855 1792 4 , , , 32855 1792 5 1 1 CD 32855 1792 6 figure figure NN 32855 1792 7 in in IN 32855 1792 8 text text NN 32855 1792 9 . . . 32855 1793 1 March March NNP 32855 1793 2 7 7 CD 32855 1793 3 , , , 32855 1793 4 1962 1962 CD 32855 1793 5 . . . 32855 1794 1 More More JJR 32855 1794 2 numbers number NNS 32855 1794 3 will will MD 32855 1794 4 appear appear VB 32855 1794 5 in in IN 32855 1794 6 volume volume NN 32855 1794 7 14 14 CD 32855 1794 8 . . . 32855 1795 1 Vol Vol NNP 32855 1795 2 . . . 32855 1796 1 15 15 CD 32855 1796 2 . . . 32855 1797 1 1 1 LS 32855 1797 2 . . . 32855 1798 1 The the DT 32855 1798 2 amphibians amphibian NNS 32855 1798 3 and and CC 32855 1798 4 reptiles reptile NNS 32855 1798 5 of of IN 32855 1798 6 Michoacán michoacã¡n NN 32855 1798 7 , , , 32855 1798 8 Mà Mà NNP 32855 1798 9 © © NNP 32855 1798 10 xico xico NNP 32855 1798 11 . . . 32855 1799 1 By by IN 32855 1799 2 William William NNP 32855 1799 3 E. E. NNP 32855 1799 4 Duellman Duellman NNP 32855 1799 5 . . . 32855 1800 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1800 2 . . . 32855 1801 1 1 1 CD 32855 1801 2 - - SYM 32855 1801 3 148 148 CD 32855 1801 4 , , , 32855 1801 5 pls pls UH 32855 1801 6 . . . 32855 1802 1 1 1 CD 32855 1802 2 - - SYM 32855 1802 3 6 6 CD 32855 1802 4 , , , 32855 1802 5 11 11 CD 32855 1802 6 figures figure NNS 32855 1802 7 in in IN 32855 1802 8 text text NN 32855 1802 9 . . . 32855 1803 1 December December NNP 32855 1803 2 20 20 CD 32855 1803 3 , , , 32855 1803 4 1961 1961 CD 32855 1803 5 . . . 32855 1804 1 2 2 LS 32855 1804 2 . . . 32855 1805 1 Some some DT 32855 1805 2 reptiles reptile NNS 32855 1805 3 and and CC 32855 1805 4 amphibians amphibian NNS 32855 1805 5 from from IN 32855 1805 6 Korea Korea NNP 32855 1805 7 . . . 32855 1806 1 By by IN 32855 1806 2 Robert Robert NNP 32855 1806 3 G. G. NNP 32855 1806 4 Webb Webb NNP 32855 1806 5 , , , 32855 1806 6 J. J. NNP 32855 1806 7 Knox Knox NNP 32855 1806 8 Jones Jones NNP 32855 1806 9 , , , 32855 1806 10 Jr. Jr. NNP 32855 1806 11 , , , 32855 1806 12 and and CC 32855 1806 13 George George NNP 32855 1806 14 W. W. NNP 32855 1806 15 Byers Byers NNP 32855 1806 16 . . . 32855 1807 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1807 2 . . . 32855 1808 1 149 149 CD 32855 1808 2 - - SYM 32855 1808 3 173 173 CD 32855 1808 4 . . . 32855 1809 1 January January NNP 32855 1809 2 31 31 CD 32855 1809 3 , , , 32855 1809 4 1962 1962 CD 32855 1809 5 . . . 32855 1810 1 3 3 LS 32855 1810 2 . . . 32855 1811 1 A a DT 32855 1811 2 new new JJ 32855 1811 3 species specie NNS 32855 1811 4 of of IN 32855 1811 5 frog frog NN 32855 1811 6 ( ( -LRB- 32855 1811 7 Genus Genus NNP 32855 1811 8 Tomodactylus Tomodactylus NNP 32855 1811 9 ) ) -RRB- 32855 1811 10 from from IN 32855 1811 11 western western JJ 32855 1811 12 Mà Mà NNP 32855 1811 13 © © NNP 32855 1811 14 xico xico NNP 32855 1811 15 . . . 32855 1812 1 By by IN 32855 1812 2 Robert Robert NNP 32855 1812 3 G. G. NNP 32855 1812 4 Webb Webb NNP 32855 1812 5 . . . 32855 1813 1 Pp Pp NNP 32855 1813 2 . . . 32855 1814 1 175 175 CD 32855 1814 2 - - SYM 32855 1814 3 181 181 CD 32855 1814 4 , , , 32855 1814 5 1 1 CD 32855 1814 6 figure figure NN 32855 1814 7 in in IN 32855 1814 8 text text NN 32855 1814 9 . . . 32855 1815 1 March March NNP 32855 1815 2 7 7 CD 32855 1815 3 , , , 32855 1815 4 1962 1962 CD 32855 1815 5 . . . 32855 1816 1 More More JJR 32855 1816 2 numbers number NNS 32855 1816 3 will will MD 32855 1816 4 appear appear VB 32855 1816 5 in in IN 32855 1816 6 volume volume NN 32855 1816 7 15 15 CD 32855 1816 8 . . .