Medical trainees want benefit of doubt when reporting harassment © 2018 Joule Inc. or its licensors CMAJ | MARCH 26, 2018 | VOLUME 190 | ISSUE 12 E373 A n online survey is shining a spot-light on pervasive sexual harass-ment in acad em ia , incl u d ing Canadian medical education. Medical trainees are urging schools to overhaul complaints processes that give benefit of the doubt to alleged predators at the expense of victims coming forward. The anonymous, crowdsourced survey has amassed more than 2400 entries since December 2017, detailing a wide range of abuse, from lewd comments to groping to rape. The stories are unverified and stripped of most identifying details, but institutions and departments are named, including sev- eral Canadian medical schools. Respondents describe how “powerful older men are gatekeepers to vulnerable younger women, use their power for sexual predation, and are then protected by other senior men and women,” writes Karen Kelsky, a former anthropology professor at the University of Oregon and University of Illinois, who created the survey. “Women of color are doubly vulnerable and doubly bullied when they seek redress.” In many cases, respondents didn’t report abuse for fear of reprisal. It’s a story that’s “disturbing and, unfor- tunately, all too common,” says Dr. Melanie Bechard, president of Resident Doctors of Canada. In a 2014 review, the organization found that 45%–93% of residents experi- enced some form of harassment or intimi- dation during training, with 25%–60% experiencing sexual harassment. Medical students report similar experi- ences. In a 2017 survey conducted by the Association of Faculties of Medicine of Canada, nearly 60% of final-year medical students said they were mistreated dur- ing training. Of those students, almost 90% said they were mistreated by faculty. More than 80% never officially reported the mistreatment, and less than 36% of those who did complain were satisfied with the response. Medical trainees are urging schools to believe reports of abuse are true unless proven otherwise. “The burden of proof should not be solely on the complainant,” says Bechard. “Some may say it’s intimi- dating that one’s entire personal [or] pro- fessional career could be devastated by claims of sexual harassment, but it’s also intimidating to work in an environment where sexual harassment has no prospect for repercussions.” False accusations are uncommon and trainees have a lot to lose by reporting abuse, she adds. “Learners can see their future careers easily destroyed as a con- sequence of speaking out.” Stephanie Smith, vice-president of stu- dent affairs for the Canadian Federation of Medical Students, says the #MeToo move- ment has been a reminder about the importance of believing and supporting victims. “We need to create a culture where it is safe for people to come forward and not be worried about feeling like they have to prove themselves.” Smith says medical schools have improved tools for reporting abuse and supports for trainees over the last decade. “There are resources there. The next level is ensuring people feel safe to access them.” Some schools developed anonymous complaints processes after realizing train- ees were unwilling to flag abuse if they had to identify themselves. The University of Ottawa’s faculty of medicine saw an uptick in complaints after introducing an anony- NEWS Medical trainees want benefit of doubt when reporting harassment n Cite as: CMAJ 2018 March 26;190:E373-4. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.109-5579 Posted on cmajnews.com on Mar. 7, 2018. Power imbalances in medical training enable abuse and make it difficult to report, say trainee groups. gi la xi a/ iS to ck https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1S9KShDLvU7C-KkgEevYTHXr3F6InTenrBsS9yk-8C5M/htmlview?sle=true https://theprofessorisin.com/2017/12/01/a-crowdsourced-survey-of-sexual-harassment-in-the-academy/ https://theprofessorisin.com/2017/12/01/a-crowdsourced-survey-of-sexual-harassment-in-the-academy/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4563615/ https://afmc.ca/sites/default/files/documents/en/Publications/2017_GQ_National_Report_en.pdf N EW S E374 CMAJ | MARCH 26, 2018 | VOLUME 190 | ISSUE 12 mous reporting option, says Dr. Sharon Whiting, interim vice-dean of faculty affairs. However, the school’s response may be limited when complaints are anon- ymous. “We will investigate the incident, but we won’t have any way of going back to that individual to say what was done,” Whiting explains. Other schools still require complain- ants to identify themselves. “Disciplinary investigations of a person subject to anon- ymous complaints would violate due pro- c e s s r e q u i r e m e n t s , ” s a y s D r . D a v i d Eidelman, vice-principal of health affairs and dean of the faculty of medicine at McGill University. At McGill, complaints are “treated as confidential insofar as possi- ble,” he says, but getting students to trust the process remains a challenge. In some cases, the pressure for infor- mation makes an already vulnerable situa- tion more difficult. A resident at the North- ern Ontario School of Medicine recently told the CBC she was suspended after reporting sexual harassment by a faculty leader because she refused to disclose his identity unless the school appointed a third-party investigator. Dr. Ana Safavi said she wants to be certain there is a “transparent and fair process in place for everybody before I give any information.” She told the CBC the school initially agreed to appoint an investigator, but “then they went back on that promise.” Bechard says third-party investiga- tions may represent a viable option for balancing the rights of both the accuser and the accused. “The ability for objective review of allegations of sexual harass- ment would be helpful, while allowing for the anonymity of the complainant.” The potential fallout from reporting harassment outlives training, she adds. Abusive supervising physicians “often remain senior colleagues throughout a resident’s medical career.” Smith notes that even anonymous com- plaints may be traced back if the abuse was targeted. Trainees known to have com- plained may also carry the label of trouble- maker into their careers. “We have to sup- port victims of sexual harassment, or any kind of harassment, from marginalization and retaliation,” Smith says. “The school can only protect you so far.” Lauren Vogel, CMAJ