Carrel name: keyword-wuhan-cord Creating study carrel named keyword-wuhan-cord Initializing database file: cache/cord-011558-ls6cdive.json key: cord-011558-ls6cdive authors: Zhang, Jingping; Du, Yonghao; Bai, Lu; Pu, Jiantao; Jin, Chenwang; Yang, Jian; Guo, Youmin title: An Asymptomatic Patient with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-01 journal: Am J Respir Crit Care Med DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202002-0241im sha: doc_id: 11558 cord_uid: ls6cdive file: cache/cord-252804-u7tz6xzz.json key: cord-252804-u7tz6xzz authors: Ciotti, Marco; Angeletti, Silvia; Minieri, Marilena; Giovannetti, Marta; Benvenuto, Domenico; Pascarella, Stefano; Sagnelli, Caterina; Bianchi, Martina; Bernardini, Sergio; Ciccozzi, Massimo title: COVID-19 Outbreak: An Overview date: 2020-04-07 journal: Chemotherapy DOI: 10.1159/000507423 sha: doc_id: 252804 cord_uid: u7tz6xzz file: cache/cord-030934-t7akdu6x.json key: cord-030934-t7akdu6x authors: Bahrami, Afsane; Ferns, Gordon A title: Genetic and pathogenic characterization of SARS-CoV-2: a review date: 2020-08-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2020-0129 sha: doc_id: 30934 cord_uid: t7akdu6x file: cache/cord-029100-gxn15jgt.json key: cord-029100-gxn15jgt authors: Clark, Anthony E. title: Conclusion date: 2020-07-14 journal: China’s Catholics in an Era of Transformation DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-6182-5_5 sha: doc_id: 29100 cord_uid: gxn15jgt file: cache/cord-029550-qodmamov.json key: cord-029550-qodmamov authors: Jandrić, Petar title: Review of Fang Fang (2020). Wuhan Diary: Dispatches from a Quarantined City. Trans. M. Berry: New York: HarperCollins. 377 pp. ISBN 9780063052659 (E-Book) date: 2020-07-23 journal: Postdigit Sci Educ DOI: 10.1007/s42438-020-00173-w sha: doc_id: 29550 cord_uid: qodmamov file: cache/cord-258748-nzynerfu.json key: cord-258748-nzynerfu authors: Li, Jinghua; Wang, Yijing; Gilmour, Stuart; Wang, Mengying; Yoneoka, Daisuke; Wang, Ying; You, Xinyi; Gu, Jing; Hao, Chun; Peng, Liping; Du, Zhicheng; Xu, Dong Roman; Hao, Yuantao title: Estimation of the epidemic properties of the 2019 novel coronavirus: A mathematical modeling study date: 2020-02-20 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.02.18.20024315 sha: doc_id: 258748 cord_uid: nzynerfu file: cache/cord-136515-e0j2iruo.json key: cord-136515-e0j2iruo authors: Xue, Ling; Jing, Shuanglin; Miller, Joel C.; Sun, Wei; Li, Huafeng; Estrada-Franco, Jose Guillermo; Hyman, James M; Zhu, Huaiping title: A Data-Driven Network Model for the Emerging COVID-19 Epidemics in Wuhan, Toronto and Italy date: 2020-05-28 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 136515 cord_uid: e0j2iruo file: cache/cord-031001-x4iiqq5e.json key: cord-031001-x4iiqq5e authors: Hou, Fan Fan; Zhou, Fuling; Xu, Xin; Wang, Daowen; Xu, Gang; Jiang, Tao; Nie, Sheng; Wu, Xiaoyan; Ren, Chanjun; Wang, Guangyu; Lau, Johnson Yiu-Nam; Wang, Xinghuan; Zhang, Kang title: Personnel protection strategy for healthcare workers in Wuhan during the COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-07-20 journal: Precis Clin Med DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbaa024 sha: doc_id: 31001 cord_uid: x4iiqq5e file: cache/cord-265206-ddg87zxv.json key: cord-265206-ddg87zxv authors: Kanny, G. title: Maladies respiratoires, allergies et infections à COVID-19. Premières nouvelles de Wuhan date: 2020-04-01 journal: Rev Fr Allergol (2009) DOI: 10.1016/j.reval.2020.03.003 sha: doc_id: 265206 cord_uid: ddg87zxv file: cache/cord-267574-etnjo4nz.json key: cord-267574-etnjo4nz authors: Zhao, Shi; Zhuang, Zian; Ran, Jinjun; Lin, Jiaer; Yang, Guangpu; Yang, Lin; He, Daihai title: The association between domestic train transportation and novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak in China from 2019 to 2020: A data-driven correlational report date: 2020-02-29 journal: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101568 sha: doc_id: 267574 cord_uid: etnjo4nz file: cache/cord-257556-lmws8eed.json key: cord-257556-lmws8eed authors: Rafiq, Danish; Batool, Asiya; Bazaz, M. A. title: Three months of COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis date: 2020-05-18 journal: Rev Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2113 sha: doc_id: 257556 cord_uid: lmws8eed file: cache/cord-254968-czrgzyr3.json key: cord-254968-czrgzyr3 authors: Zhang, Qiang; Zhang, Huajun; Gao, Jindong; Huang, Kun; Yang, Yong; Hui, Xianfeng; He, Xinglin; Li, Chengfei; Gong, Wenxiao; Zhang, Yufei; Zhao, Ya; Peng, Cheng; Gao, Xiaoxiao; Chen, Huanchun; Zou, Zhong; Shi, Zheng-Li; Jin, Meilin title: A serological survey of SARS-CoV-2 in cat in Wuhan date: 2020-09-17 journal: Emerging microbes & infections DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1817796 sha: doc_id: 254968 cord_uid: czrgzyr3 file: cache/cord-259149-svryhcgy.json key: cord-259149-svryhcgy authors: Su, Yue; Xue, Jia; Liu, Xiaoqian; Wu, Peijing; Chen, Junxiang; Chen, Chen; Liu, Tianli; Gong, Weigang; Zhu, Tingshao title: Examining the Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown in Wuhan and Lombardy: A Psycholinguistic Analysis on Weibo and Twitter date: 2020-06-24 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124552 sha: doc_id: 259149 cord_uid: svryhcgy file: cache/cord-261246-m40kwgcg.json key: cord-261246-m40kwgcg authors: Chen, Nanshan; Zhou, Min; Dong, Xuan; Qu, Jieming; Gong, Fengyun; Han, Yang; Qiu, Yang; Wang, Jingli; Liu, Ying; Wei, Yuan; Xia, Jia'an; Yu, Ting; Zhang, Xinxin; Zhang, Li title: Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study date: 2020-01-30 journal: Lancet DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30211-7 sha: doc_id: 261246 cord_uid: m40kwgcg file: cache/cord-267548-7mcfehzc.json key: cord-267548-7mcfehzc authors: Mizumoto, Kenji; Chowell, Gerardo title: Estimating Risk for Death from Coronavirus Disease, China, January–February 2020 date: 2020-06-17 journal: Emerg Infect Dis DOI: 10.3201/eid2606.200233 sha: doc_id: 267548 cord_uid: 7mcfehzc file: cache/cord-027758-vgr6ht3a.json key: cord-027758-vgr6ht3a authors: Wang, Tianbing; Wu, Yanqiu; Lau, Johnson Yiu-Nam; Yu, Yingqi; Liu, Liyu; Li, Jing; Zhang, Kang; Tong, Weiwei; Jiang, Baoguo title: A four-compartment model for the COVID-19 infection—implications on infection kinetics, control measures, and lockdown exit strategies date: 2020-05-28 journal: Precis Clin Med DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbaa018 sha: doc_id: 27758 cord_uid: vgr6ht3a file: cache/cord-262693-z9dolxky.json key: cord-262693-z9dolxky authors: Nishiura, Hiroshi; Linton, Natalie M.; Akhmetzhanov, Andrei R. title: Initial Cluster of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Infections in Wuhan, China Is Consistent with Substantial Human-to-Human Transmission date: 2020-02-11 journal: J Clin Med DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020488 sha: doc_id: 262693 cord_uid: z9dolxky file: cache/cord-275765-58iul47s.json key: cord-275765-58iul47s authors: Yao, Wenlong; Wang, Xueren; Liu, Tianzhu title: Critical role of Wuhan cabin hospitals in controlling the local COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-22 journal: Infection control and hospital epidemiology DOI: 10.1017/ice.2020.167 sha: doc_id: 275765 cord_uid: 58iul47s file: cache/cord-278638-2dm54f6l.json key: cord-278638-2dm54f6l authors: Huang, Ian; Pranata, Raymond title: Lymphopenia in severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-05-24 journal: J Intensive Care DOI: 10.1186/s40560-020-00453-4 sha: doc_id: 278638 cord_uid: 2dm54f6l file: cache/cord-254538-vcf44w1k.json key: cord-254538-vcf44w1k authors: Rocha Filho, C. R.; Pinto, A. C. P. N.; Rocha, A. P.; Milby, K. M. M.; Reis, F. S. d. A.; Civile, V. T.; Carvas Junior, N.; Santos, R. R. P.; Ramalho, G. S.; Trevisani, G. F. M.; Ferla, L. J.; Puga, M. E. S.; Trevisani, V. F. M.; Atallah, A. N. title: PROGNOSTIC FACTORS FOR CLINICAL COURSE OF PATIENTS WITH COVID-19: PROTOCOL FOR A RAPID LIVING SYSTEMATIC REVIEW date: 2020-05-09 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.06.20087692 sha: doc_id: 254538 cord_uid: vcf44w1k file: cache/cord-255905-ti9b1etu.json key: cord-255905-ti9b1etu authors: Qiu, Chengfeng; Xiao, Qian; Liao, Xin; Deng, Ziwei; Liu, Huiwen; Shu, Yuanlu; Zhou, Dinghui; Deng, Ye; Wang, Hongqiang; Zhao, Xiang; Zhou, Jianliang; Wang, Jin; Shi, Zhihua; Da, Long title: Transmission and clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in 104 outside-Wuhan patients, China date: 2020-03-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.04.20026005 sha: doc_id: 255905 cord_uid: ti9b1etu file: cache/cord-259368-k8t8brjy.json key: cord-259368-k8t8brjy authors: Ren, Xiang; Li, Yu; Yang, Xiaokun; Li, Zhili; Cui, Jinzhao; Zhu, Aiqin; Zhao, Hongting; Yu, Jianxing; Nie, Taoran; Ren, Minrui; Dong, Shuaibing; Cheng, Ying; Chen, Qiulan; Chang, Zhaorui; Sun, Junling; Wang, Liping; Feng, Luzhao; Gao, George F.; Feng, Zijian; Li, Zhongjie title: Evidence for pre‐symptomatic transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in China date: 2020-08-07 journal: Influenza Other Respir Viruses DOI: 10.1111/irv.12787 sha: doc_id: 259368 cord_uid: k8t8brjy file: cache/cord-275835-z38cgov9.json key: cord-275835-z38cgov9 authors: Mogharab, Vahid; Pasha, Anahita Manafi Khajeh; Javdani, Frashid; Hatami, Naser title: The first case of COVID-19 infection in a 75-day-old infant in Jahrom City, south of Iran date: 2020-04-13 journal: J Formos Med Assoc DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.03.015 sha: doc_id: 275835 cord_uid: z38cgov9 file: cache/cord-261079-rarud78k.json key: cord-261079-rarud78k authors: Meng, Mei; Zhang, Sheng; Zhai, Chun-Juan; Chen, De-Chang title: Rapidly organize redeployed medical staff in coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: what we should do date: 2020-09-20 journal: Chin Med J (Engl) DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001033 sha: doc_id: 261079 cord_uid: rarud78k file: cache/cord-279255-v861kk0i.json key: cord-279255-v861kk0i authors: Dhama, Kuldeep; Khan, Sharun; Tiwari, Ruchi; Sircar, Shubhankar; Bhat, Sudipta; Malik, Yashpal Singh; Singh, Karam Pal; Chaicumpa, Wanpen; Bonilla-Aldana, D. Katterine; Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J. title: Coronavirus Disease 2019–COVID-19 date: 2020-06-24 journal: Clin Microbiol Rev DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00028-20 sha: doc_id: 279255 cord_uid: v861kk0i file: cache/cord-262104-oig3qrr7.json key: cord-262104-oig3qrr7 authors: Brüssow, Harald title: COVID‐19: Test, Trace and Isolate‐New Epidemiological Data date: 2020-06-08 journal: Environ Microbiol DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15118 sha: doc_id: 262104 cord_uid: oig3qrr7 file: cache/cord-273064-c58nf9vb.json key: cord-273064-c58nf9vb authors: Hallowell, Benjamin D.; Carlson, Christina M.; Jacobs, Jesica R.; Pomeroy, Mary; Steinberg, Jonathan; Tenforde, Mark W.; McDonald, Emily; Foster, Loretta; Feldstein, Leora R.; Rolfes, Melissa A.; Haynes, Amber; Abedi, Glen R.; Odongo, George S.; Saruwatari, Kim; Rider, Errin C.; Douville, Gina; Bhakta, Neenaben; Maniatis, Panagiotis; Lindstrom, Stephen; Thornburg, Natalie J.; Lu, Xiaoyan; Whitaker, Brett L.; Kamili, Shifaq; Sakthivel, Senthilkumar K.; Wang, Lijuan; Malapati, Lakshmi; Murray, Janna R.; Lynch, Brian; Cetron, Martin; Brown, Clive; Roohi, Shahrokh; Rotz, Lisa; Borntrager, Denise; Ishii, Kenta; Moser, Kathleen; Rasheed, Mohammad; Freeman, Brandi; Lester, Sandra; Corbett, Kizzmekia S.; Abiona, Olubukola M.; Hutchinson, Geoffrey B.; Graham, Barney S.; Pesik, Nicki; Mahon, Barbara; Braden, Christopher; Behravesh, Casey Barton; Stewart, Rebekah; Knight, Nancy; Hall, Aron J.; Killerby, Marie E. title: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Prevalence, Seroprevalence, and Exposure among Evacuees from Wuhan, China, 2020 date: 2020-09-17 journal: Emerg Infect Dis DOI: 10.3201/eid2609.201590 sha: doc_id: 273064 cord_uid: c58nf9vb file: cache/cord-103533-k1lg8c7q.json key: cord-103533-k1lg8c7q authors: Jin, C.; Chen, W.; Cao, Y.; Xu, Z.; Zhang, X.; Deng, L.; Zheng, C.; Zhou, J.; Shi, H.; Feng, J. title: Development and Evaluation of an AI System for COVID-19 date: 2020-03-23 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.20.20039834 sha: doc_id: 103533 cord_uid: k1lg8c7q file: cache/cord-119576-8qp8o2g2.json key: cord-119576-8qp8o2g2 authors: Xu, Liyan; Zhang, Hongmou; Deng, Yuqiao; Wang, Keli; Li, Fu; Lu, Qing; Yin, Jie; Di, Qian; Liu, Tao; Yin, Hang; Zhang, Zijiao; Du, Qingyang; Yu, Hongbin; Liu, Aihan; Jiang, Hezhishi; Guo, Jing; Yuan, Xiumei; Zhang, Yun; Liu, Liu; Liu, Yu title: Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Antiepidemic Policies and Global Situation Assessment of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-16 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 119576 cord_uid: 8qp8o2g2 file: cache/cord-279569-289fu2yb.json key: cord-279569-289fu2yb authors: Lei, Yu; lan, yunping; lu, jianli; huang, xiaobo; silang, bamu; zeng, fan title: Clinical features of imported cases of coronavirus disease 2019 in Tibetan patients in the Plateau area date: 2020-03-13 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.09.20033126 sha: doc_id: 279569 cord_uid: 289fu2yb file: cache/cord-277430-x02u7oh0.json key: cord-277430-x02u7oh0 authors: Zhang, Hongyan; Wang, Linwei; Chen, Yuanyuan; Wu, Qiuji; Chen, Gaili; Shen, Xiaokun; Wang, Qun; Yan, Youqin; Yu, Yi; Zhong, Yahua; Wang, Xinghuan; Chua, Melvin L. K.; Xie, Conghua title: Outcomes of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection in 107 patients with cancer from Wuhan, China date: 2020-06-23 journal: Cancer DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33042 sha: doc_id: 277430 cord_uid: x02u7oh0 file: cache/cord-259229-e8m8m4ut.json key: cord-259229-e8m8m4ut authors: Samidurai, Arun; Das, Anindita title: Cardiovascular Complications Associated with COVID-19 and Potential Therapeutic Strategies date: 2020-09-16 journal: Int J Mol Sci DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186790 sha: doc_id: 259229 cord_uid: e8m8m4ut file: cache/cord-273692-jwqrfb6h.json key: cord-273692-jwqrfb6h authors: Golinelli, D.; Nuzzolese, A. G.; Boetto, E.; Rallo, F.; Greco, M.; Toscano, F.; Fantini, M. P. title: The impact of early scientific literature in response to COVID-19: a scientometric perspective date: 2020-04-18 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.15.20066183 sha: doc_id: 273692 cord_uid: jwqrfb6h file: cache/cord-279415-s823mver.json key: cord-279415-s823mver authors: Guo, Xiaodong; Wang, Jiedong; Hu, Dong; Wu, Lisha; Gu, Li; Wang, Yang; Zhao, Jingjing; Zeng, Lian; Zhang, Jianduan; Wu, Yongchao title: Survey of COVID-19 Disease Among Orthopaedic Surgeons in Wuhan, People’s Republic of China date: 2020-04-23 journal: J Bone Joint Surg Am DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.20.00417 sha: doc_id: 279415 cord_uid: s823mver file: cache/cord-280786-944pn0k9.json key: cord-280786-944pn0k9 authors: Wang, Chaolong; Liu, Li; Hao, Xingjie; Guo, Huan; Wang, Qi; Huang, Jiao; He, Na; Yu, Hongjie; Lin, Xihong; Pan, An; Wei, Sheng; Wu, Tangchun title: Evolving Epidemiology and Impact of Non-pharmaceutical Interventions on the Outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-03-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.03.20030593 sha: doc_id: 280786 cord_uid: 944pn0k9 file: cache/cord-279976-juz9jnfk.json key: cord-279976-juz9jnfk authors: Xie, Mingxuan; Chen, Qiong title: Insight into 2019 novel coronavirus — an updated intrim review and lessons from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV date: 2020-04-01 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.071 sha: doc_id: 279976 cord_uid: juz9jnfk file: cache/cord-258113-mnou31j3.json key: cord-258113-mnou31j3 authors: Wang, Yaping; Liao, Baolin; Guo, Yan; Li, Feng; Lei, Chunliang; Zhang, Fuchun; Cai, Weiping; Hong, Wenxin; Zeng, Yu; Qiu, Shuang; Wang, Jian; Li, Yueping; Deng, Xilong; Li, Jianping; Xiao, Guangming; Guo, Fengxia; Lai, Xunxi; Liang, Zhiwei; Wen, Xueliang; Li, Pinghong; Jiao, Qian; Xiang, Fangfei; Wang, Yong; Ma, Chenghui; Xie, Zhiwei; Lin, Weiyin; Wu, Yanrong; Tang, Xiaoping; Li, Linghua; Guan, Yujuan title: Clinical Characteristics of Patients Infected With the Novel 2019 Coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) in Guangzhou, China date: 2020-05-19 journal: Open Forum Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa187 sha: doc_id: 258113 cord_uid: mnou31j3 file: cache/cord-275853-fym8qze2.json key: cord-275853-fym8qze2 authors: Yang, Juan; Chen, Xinhua; Deng, Xiaowei; Chen, Zhiyuan; Gong, Hui; Yan, Han; Wu, Qianhui; Shi, Huilin; Lai, Shengjie; Ajelli, Marco; Viboud, Cecile; Yu, Hongjie title: Disease burden and clinical severity of the first pandemic wave of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-09-01 journal: medRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.27.20183228 sha: doc_id: 275853 cord_uid: fym8qze2 file: cache/cord-273209-ou80n3p3.json key: cord-273209-ou80n3p3 authors: Zheng, Fang; Liao, Chun; Fan, Qi-hong; Chen, Hong-bo; Zhao, Xue-gong; Xie, Zhong-guo; Li, Xi-lin; Chen, Chun-xi; Lu, Xiao-xia; Liu, Zhi-sheng; Lu, Wei; Chen, Chun-bao; Jiao, Rong; Zhang, Ai-ming; Wang, Jin-tang; Ding, Xi-wei; Zeng, Yao-guang; Cheng, Li-ping; Huang, Qing-feng; Wu, Jiang; Luo, Xi-chang; Wang, Zhu-jun; Zhong, Yan-yan; Bai, Yan; Wu, Xiao-yan; Jin, Run-ming title: Clinical Characteristics of Children with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Hubei, China date: 2020-03-24 journal: Curr Med Sci DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2172-6 sha: doc_id: 273209 cord_uid: ou80n3p3 file: cache/cord-280970-gy0kfhy6.json key: cord-280970-gy0kfhy6 authors: Peng, Fujun; Tu, Lei; Yang, Yongshi; Hu, Peng; Wang, Runsheng; Hu, Qinyong; Cao, Feng; Jiang, Taijiao; Sun, Jinlyu; Xu, Guogang; Chang, Christopher title: Management and Treatment of COVID-19: The Chinese Experience date: 2020-04-17 journal: Can J Cardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.04.010 sha: doc_id: 280970 cord_uid: gy0kfhy6 file: cache/cord-280892-net44oxu.json key: cord-280892-net44oxu authors: Zhan, Yu-xin; Zhao, Shi-yu; Yuan, Jiao; Liu, Huan; Liu, Yun-fang; Gui, Ling-li; Zheng, Hong; Zhou, Ya-min; Qiu, Li-hua; Chen, Jiao-hong; Yu, Jiao-hua; Li, Su-yun title: Prevalence and Influencing Factors on Fatigue of First-line Nurses Combating with COVID-19 in China: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study date: 2020-08-07 journal: Curr Med Sci DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2226-9 sha: doc_id: 280892 cord_uid: net44oxu file: cache/cord-285403-h8ahn8fw.json key: cord-285403-h8ahn8fw authors: Zhang, Liangsheng; Shen, Fu-ming; Chen, Fei; Lin, Zhenguo title: Origin and Evolution of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus date: 2020-02-03 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa112 sha: doc_id: 285403 cord_uid: h8ahn8fw file: cache/cord-285502-rvv64190.json key: cord-285502-rvv64190 authors: Yang, Lie; Yu, Xiao; Wu, Xiaolong; Wang, Jia; Yan, Xiaoke; Jiang, Shen; Chen, Zhuqi title: Emergency response to the explosive growth of health care wastes during COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan, China date: 2020-08-18 journal: Resour Conserv Recycl DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105074 sha: doc_id: 285502 cord_uid: rvv64190 file: cache/cord-266963-belin2jq.json key: cord-266963-belin2jq authors: Cowling, Benjamin J; Leung, Gabriel M title: Epidemiological research priorities for public health control of the ongoing global novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak date: 2020-02-13 journal: Euro Surveill DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.6.2000110 sha: doc_id: 266963 cord_uid: belin2jq file: cache/cord-281102-ohbm78it.json key: cord-281102-ohbm78it authors: Gutzeit, Andreas; Li, Qiubai; Matoori, Simon; Li, Basen; Wang, Liang title: What can European radiologists learn from the outbreak of COVID-19 in China? A discussion with a radiologist from Wuhan date: 2020-04-08 journal: Eur Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-06841-6 sha: doc_id: 281102 cord_uid: ohbm78it file: cache/cord-282058-it0ojdk3.json key: cord-282058-it0ojdk3 authors: Yu, Yuanqiang; Chen, Pingyang title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Neonates and Children From China: A Review date: 2020-05-15 journal: Front Pediatr DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00287 sha: doc_id: 282058 cord_uid: it0ojdk3 file: cache/cord-278325-ykcd7d59.json key: cord-278325-ykcd7d59 authors: Cheung, Carmen Ka Man; Law, Man Fai; Lui, Grace Chung Yan; Wong, Sunny Hei; Wong, Raymond Siu Ming title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Haematologist's Perspective date: 2020-07-28 journal: Acta Haematol DOI: 10.1159/000510178 sha: doc_id: 278325 cord_uid: ykcd7d59 file: cache/cord-284890-s73hljz9.json key: cord-284890-s73hljz9 authors: Kang, Lijun; Ma, Simeng; Chen, Min; Yang, Jun; Wang, Ying; Li, Ruiting; Yao, Lihua; Bai, Hanping; Cai, Zhongxiang; Xiang Yang, Bing; Hu, Shaohua; Zhang, Kerang; Wang, Gaohua; Ma, Ci; Liu, Zhongchun title: Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study date: 2020-03-30 journal: Brain Behav Immun DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.028 sha: doc_id: 284890 cord_uid: s73hljz9 file: cache/cord-283048-hyjzofps.json key: cord-283048-hyjzofps authors: Steele, Edward J.; Qu, Jiangwen; Gorczynski, Reginald M.; Lindley, Robyn A.; Tokoro, Gensuke; Temple, Robert; Wickramasinghe, N. Chandra title: Origin of new emergent Coronavirus and Candida fungal diseases—Terrestrial or cosmic? date: 2020-07-14 journal: Adv Genet DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2020.04.002 sha: doc_id: 283048 cord_uid: hyjzofps file: cache/cord-284393-s9qp9a4e.json key: cord-284393-s9qp9a4e authors: Wei, Yiping; Zeng, Weibiao; Huang, Xiangyun; Li, Junyu; Qiu, Xingting; Li, Huadong; Liu, Dinghua; He, Zhaofeng; Yao, Wenzhong; Huang, Ping; Li, Chao; Zhu, Min; Zhong, Chunlan; Zhu, Xingen; Liu, Jiansheng title: Clinical characteristics of 276 hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Zengdu District, Hubei Province: a single-center descriptive study date: 2020-07-29 journal: BMC Infect Dis DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05252-8 sha: doc_id: 284393 cord_uid: s9qp9a4e file: cache/cord-287222-wojyisu0.json key: cord-287222-wojyisu0 authors: Zhou, Min; Zhang, Xinxin; Qu, Jieming title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a clinical update date: 2020-04-02 journal: Front Med DOI: 10.1007/s11684-020-0767-8 sha: doc_id: 287222 cord_uid: wojyisu0 file: cache/cord-283891-m36un1y2.json key: cord-283891-m36un1y2 authors: Hu, Bisong; Qiu, Jingyu; Chen, Haiying; Tao, Vincent; Wang, Jinfeng; Lin, Hui title: First, second and potential third generation spreads of the COVID-19 epidemic in mainland China: an early exploratory study incorporating location-based service data of mobile devices date: 2020-05-17 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.048 sha: doc_id: 283891 cord_uid: m36un1y2 file: cache/cord-288432-n2y9cunc.json key: cord-288432-n2y9cunc authors: Liu, Kun; Ai, Siqi; Song, Shuxuan; Zhu, Guanghu; Tian, Fei; Li, Huan; Gao, Yuan; Wu, Yinglin; Zhang, Shiyu; Shao, Zhongjun; Liu, Qiyong; Lin, Hualiang title: Population movement, city closure in Wuhan and geographical expansion of the 2019-nCoV pneumonia infection in China in January 2020 date: 2020-04-17 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa422 sha: doc_id: 288432 cord_uid: n2y9cunc file: cache/cord-282652-2w3bx6p8.json key: cord-282652-2w3bx6p8 authors: Sun, Haoyang; Dickens, Borame Lee; Chen, Mark; Cook, Alex Richard; Clapham, Hannah Eleanor title: Estimating number of global importations of COVID-19 from Wuhan, risk of transmission outside mainland China and COVID-19 introduction index between countries outside mainland China date: 2020-02-20 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.02.17.20024075 sha: doc_id: 282652 cord_uid: 2w3bx6p8 file: cache/cord-269453-30l6rzgo.json key: cord-269453-30l6rzgo authors: Yang, Po; Qi, Jun; Zhang, Shuhao; Wang, Xulong; Bi, Gaoshan; Yang, Yun; Sheng, Bin; Yang, Geng title: Feasibility study of mitigation and suppression strategies for controlling COVID-19 outbreaks in London and Wuhan date: 2020-08-06 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236857 sha: doc_id: 269453 cord_uid: 30l6rzgo file: cache/cord-285153-schpgyo0.json key: cord-285153-schpgyo0 authors: Lin, Chen; Chen, Zixian; Xie, Bin; Sun, Zhujian; Ding, Yuxiao; Li, Xiaogang; Niu, Meng; Guo, Shunlin; Lei, Junqiang title: COVID-19 pneumonia patient without clear epidemiological history outside Wuhan: An analysis of the radiographic and clinical features date: 2020-04-24 journal: Clin Imaging DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.04.023 sha: doc_id: 285153 cord_uid: schpgyo0 file: cache/cord-294385-6dlgv3tb.json key: cord-294385-6dlgv3tb authors: Tong, Xin; Ning, Mingzhe; Huang, Rui; Jia, Bei; Yan, Xiaomin; Xiong, Yali; Wu, Weihua; Liu, Jiacheng; Chen, Yuxin; Wu, Chao title: Surveillance of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection among frontline health care workers in Wuhan during COVID‐19 outbreak date: 2020-08-20 journal: Immun Inflamm Dis DOI: 10.1002/iid3.340 sha: doc_id: 294385 cord_uid: 6dlgv3tb file: cache/cord-283985-8mdnkegz.json key: cord-283985-8mdnkegz authors: Yang, Chayu; Wang, Jin title: A mathematical model for the novel coronavirus epidemic in Wuhan, China date: 2020-03-11 journal: Math Biosci Eng DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2020148 sha: doc_id: 283985 cord_uid: 8mdnkegz file: cache/cord-286683-mettlmhz.json key: cord-286683-mettlmhz authors: Ortiz-Prado, Esteban; Simbaña-Rivera, Katherine; Gómez-Barreno, Lenin; Rubio-Neira, Mario; Guaman, Linda P.; Kyriakidis, Nikolaos C; Muslin, Claire; Jaramillo, Ana María Gómez; Barba-Ostria, Carlos; Cevallos-Robalino, Doménica; Sanches-SanMiguel, Hugo; Unigarro, Luis; Zalakeviciute, Rasa; Gadian, Naomi; López-Cortés, Andrés title: Clinical, molecular and epidemiological characterization of the SARS-CoV2 virus and the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a comprehensive literature review date: 2020-05-30 journal: Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115094 sha: doc_id: 286683 cord_uid: mettlmhz file: cache/cord-286854-0s7oq0uv.json key: cord-286854-0s7oq0uv authors: Jin, Xi; Xu, Kangli; Jiang, Penglei; Lian, Jiangshan; Hao, Shaorui; Yao, Hangping; Jia, Hongyu; Zhang, Yimin; Zheng, Lin; Zheng, Nuoheng; Chen, Dong; Yao, Jinmei; Hu, Jianhua; Gao, Jianguo; Wen, Liang; Shen, Jian; Ren, Yue; Yu, Guodong; Wang, Xiaoyan; Lu, Yingfeng; Yu, Xiaopeng; Yu, Liang; Xiang, Dairong; Wu, Nanping; Lu, Xiangyun; Cheng, Linfang; Liu, Fumin; Wu, Haibo; Jin, Changzhong; Yang, Xiaofeng; Qian, Pengxu; Qiu, Yunqing; Sheng, Jifang; Liang, Tingbo; Li, Lanjuan; Yang, Yida title: Virus strain from a mild COVID-19 patient in Hangzhou represents a new trend in SARS-CoV-2 evolution potentially related to Furin cleavage site date: 2020-07-03 journal: Emerging microbes & infections DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1781551 sha: doc_id: 286854 cord_uid: 0s7oq0uv file: cache/cord-287499-zcizdc7s.json key: cord-287499-zcizdc7s authors: Thompson, Hayley A; Imai, Natsuko; Dighe, Amy; Ainslie, Kylie E C; Baguelin, Marc; Bhatia, Sangeeta; Bhatt, Samir; Boonyasiri, Adhiratha; Boyd, Olivia; Brazeau, Nicholas F; Cattarino, Lorenzo; Cooper, Laura V; Coupland, Helen; Cucunuba, Zulma; Cuomo-Dannenburg, Gina; Djaafara, Bimandra; Dorigatti, Ilaria; Elsland, Sabine; FitzJohn, Richard; Fu, Han; Gaythorpe, Katy A M; Green, Will; Hallett, Timothy; Hamlet, Arran; Haw, David; Hayes, Sarah; Hinsley, Wes; Jeffrey, Benjamin; Knock, Edward; Laydon, Daniel J; Lees, John; Mangal, Tara D; Mellan, Thomas; Mishra, Swapnil; Mousa, Andria; Nedjati-Gilani, Gemma; Nouvellet, Pierre; Okell, Lucy; Parag, Kris V; Ragonnet-Cronin, Manon; Riley, Steven; Unwin, H Juliette T; Verity, Robert; Vollmer, Michaela; Volz, Erik; Walker, Patrick G T; Walters, Caroline; Wang, Haowei; Wang, Yuanrong; Watson, Oliver J; Whittaker, Charles; Whittles, Lilith K; Winskill, Peter; Xi, Xiaoyue; Donnelly, Christl A; Ferguson, Neil M title: SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence on repatriation flights from Wuhan City, China date: 2020-08-24 journal: J Travel Med DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taaa135 sha: doc_id: 287499 cord_uid: zcizdc7s file: cache/cord-289451-yjrh5l4u.json key: cord-289451-yjrh5l4u authors: Xiao, Huidi; Shu, Wen; Li, Menglong; Li, Ziang; Tao, Fangbiao; Wu, Xiaoyan; Yu, Yizhen; Meng, Heng; Vermund, Sten H.; Hu, Yifei title: Social Distancing among Medical Students during the 2019 Coronavirus Disease Pandemic in China: Disease Awareness, Anxiety Disorder, Depression, and Behavioral Activities date: 2020-07-14 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145047 sha: doc_id: 289451 cord_uid: yjrh5l4u file: cache/cord-287515-oe7adj91.json key: cord-287515-oe7adj91 authors: Rello, Jordi; Tejada, Sofia; Userovici, Caroline; Arvaniti, Kostoula; Pugin, Jérôme; Waterer, Grant title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A critical care perspective beyond China date: 2020-03-03 journal: Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.03.001 sha: doc_id: 287515 cord_uid: oe7adj91 file: cache/cord-290758-kz0qfy3r.json key: cord-290758-kz0qfy3r authors: Hui, David S.; I Azhar, Esam; Madani, Tariq A.; Ntoumi, Francine; Kock, Richard; Dar, Osman; Ippolito, Giuseppe; Mchugh, Timothy D.; Memish, Ziad A.; Drosten, Christian; Zumla, Alimuddin; Petersen, Eskild title: The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health — The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China date: 2020-02-29 journal: International Journal of Infectious Diseases DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.01.009 sha: doc_id: 290758 cord_uid: kz0qfy3r file: cache/cord-297168-t6zf5k99.json key: cord-297168-t6zf5k99 authors: Brüssow, Harald title: The Novel Coronavirus – A Snapshot of Current Knowledge date: 2020-03-06 journal: Microb Biotechnol DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13557 sha: doc_id: 297168 cord_uid: t6zf5k99 file: cache/cord-285315-7r44j3q9.json key: cord-285315-7r44j3q9 authors: Bein, Berthold; Bachmann, Martin; Huggett, Susanne; Wegermann, Petra title: SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: Empfehlungen zu Diagnostik und Therapie date: 2020-04-09 journal: Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther DOI: 10.1055/a-1146-8674 sha: doc_id: 285315 cord_uid: 7r44j3q9 file: cache/cord-285772-4xt4anq5.json key: cord-285772-4xt4anq5 authors: Huang, Rui; Zhu, Li; Xue, Leyang; Liu, Longgen; Yan, Xuebing; Wang, Jian; Zhang, Biao; Xu, Tianmin; Ji, Fang; Zhao, Yun; Cheng, Juan; Wang, Yinling; Shao, Huaping; Hong, Shuqin; Cao, Qi; Li, Chunyang; Zhao, Xiang-an; Zou, Lei; Sang, Dawen; Zhao, Haiyan; Guan, Xinying; Chen, Xiaobing; Shan, Chun; Xia, Juan; Chen, Yuxin; Yan, Xiaomin; Wei, Jie; Zhu, Chuanwu; Wu, Chao title: Clinical findings of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Jiangsu province, China: A retrospective, multi-center study date: 2020-05-08 journal: PLoS Negl Trop Dis DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008280 sha: doc_id: 285772 cord_uid: 4xt4anq5 file: cache/cord-291583-1nxfh9yt.json key: cord-291583-1nxfh9yt authors: Zhou, Hongmei; Zhang, Gangcheng; Deng, Xiaoxian; Jin, Bowen; Qiu, Qiu; Yan, Menghuan; Wang, Xi; Zheng, Xuan title: Understanding the current status of patients with pulmonary hypertension during COVID-19 outbreak: a small-scale national survey from China date: 2020-05-18 journal: Pulm Circ DOI: 10.1177/2045894020924566 sha: doc_id: 291583 cord_uid: 1nxfh9yt file: cache/cord-292537-9ra4r6v6.json key: cord-292537-9ra4r6v6 authors: Liu, Fenglin; Wang, Jie; Liu, Jiawen; Li, Yue; Liu, Dagong; Tong, Junliang; Li, Zhuoqun; Yu, Dan; Fan, Yifan; Bi, Xiaohui; Zhang, Xueting; Mo, Steven title: Predicting and analyzing the COVID-19 epidemic in China: Based on SEIRD, LSTM and GWR models date: 2020-08-27 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238280 sha: doc_id: 292537 cord_uid: 9ra4r6v6 file: cache/cord-298563-346lwjr8.json key: cord-298563-346lwjr8 authors: Kaplan, Edward H. title: Containing 2019-nCoV (Wuhan) coronavirus date: 2020-03-07 journal: Health Care Manag Sci DOI: 10.1007/s10729-020-09504-6 sha: doc_id: 298563 cord_uid: 346lwjr8 file: cache/cord-289322-5ciaonf0.json key: cord-289322-5ciaonf0 authors: Chen, X.; Zheng, F.; Qing, Y.; Ding, S.; Yang, D.; Lei, C.; Yin, Z.; Zhou, X.; Jiang, D.; Zuo, Q.; He, J.; Lv, J.; Chen, P.; Chen, Y.; Peng, H.; Li, H.; Xie, Y.; Liu, J.; Zhou, Z.; Luo, H. title: Epidemiological and clinical features of 291 cases with coronavirus disease 2019 in areas adjacent to Hubei, China: a double-center observational study date: 2020-03-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.03.20030353 sha: doc_id: 289322 cord_uid: 5ciaonf0 file: cache/cord-294333-6azdm42x.json key: cord-294333-6azdm42x authors: Wang, S; Xie, L; Xu, Y; Yu, S; Yao, B; Xiang, D title: Sleep disturbances among medical workers during the outbreak of COVID-2019 date: 2020-05-06 journal: Occup Med (Lond) DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqaa074 sha: doc_id: 294333 cord_uid: 6azdm42x file: cache/cord-294810-mq9vjnro.json key: cord-294810-mq9vjnro authors: Huang, Qiong; Deng, Xuanyu; Li, Yongzhong; Sun, Xuexiong; Chen, Qiong; Xie, Mingxuan; Liu, Shao; Qu, Hui; Liu, Shouxian; Wang, Ling; He, Gefei; Gong, Zhicheng title: Clinical characteristics and drug therapies in patients with the common-type coronavirus disease 2019 in Hunan, China date: 2020-05-14 journal: Int J Clin Pharm DOI: 10.1007/s11096-020-01031-2 sha: doc_id: 294810 cord_uid: mq9vjnro file: cache/cord-295386-voeptwrw.json key: cord-295386-voeptwrw authors: Liu, J.; Huang, T.; Xiong, H.; Huang, J.; Zhou, J.; Jiang, H.; Yang, G.; Wang, H.; Dou, D. title: Analysis of Collective Response Reveals that COVID-19-Related Activities Start From the End of 2019 in Mainland China date: 2020-10-16 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.14.20202531 sha: doc_id: 295386 cord_uid: voeptwrw file: cache/cord-288616-7i1kukmn.json key: cord-288616-7i1kukmn authors: Wan, Kelvin H.; Huang, Suber S.; Ko, Chung-Nga; Lam, Dennis S.C. title: The end of cordon sanitaire in Wuhan: the role of non-pharmaceutical interventions date: 2020-05-14 journal: Public Health DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.05.007 sha: doc_id: 288616 cord_uid: 7i1kukmn file: cache/cord-292144-jprbp1ua.json key: cord-292144-jprbp1ua authors: Song, Haitao; Li, Feng; Jia, Zhongwei; Jin, Zhen; Liu, Shengqiang title: Using traveller-derived cases in Henan Province to quantify the spread of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-08-04 journal: Nonlinear Dyn DOI: 10.1007/s11071-020-05859-1 sha: doc_id: 292144 cord_uid: jprbp1ua file: cache/cord-293831-28ddm9um.json key: cord-293831-28ddm9um authors: Qian, Mengcen; Wu, Qianhui; Wu, Peng; Hou, Zhiyuan; Liang, Yuxia; Cowling, Benjamin J; Yu, Hongjie title: Psychological responses, behavioral changes and public perceptions during the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in China: a population based cross-sectional survey date: 2020-02-20 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.02.18.20024448 sha: doc_id: 293831 cord_uid: 28ddm9um file: cache/cord-299584-zpiaka80.json key: cord-299584-zpiaka80 authors: Biscayart, Cristian; Angeleri, Patricia; Lloveras, Susana; Chaves, Tânia do Socorro Souza; Schlagenhauf, Patricia; Rodríguez-Morales, Alfonso J. title: The next big threat to global health? 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV): What advice can we give to travellers? – Interim recommendations January 2020, from the Latin-American society for Travel Medicine (SLAMVI) date: 2020-02-29 journal: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101567 sha: doc_id: 299584 cord_uid: zpiaka80 file: cache/cord-297470-lx3xwg92.json key: cord-297470-lx3xwg92 authors: Pan, Yunbao; Li, Xinran; Yang, Gui; Fan, Junli; Tang, Yueting; Hong, Xiaoyue; Guo, Shuang; Li, Jin; Yao, Dongai; Cheng, Zhenshun; Yuan, Yufeng; Li, Yirong; Wang, Xinghuan title: Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin antibodies in Wuhan, China: part of the city-wide massive testing campaign date: 2020-10-07 journal: Clin Microbiol Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.09.044 sha: doc_id: 297470 cord_uid: lx3xwg92 file: cache/cord-301983-aks5z29t.json key: cord-301983-aks5z29t authors: Vakili, K.; Fathi, M.; Sayehmiri, F.; Mohamadkhani, A.; Hajiesmaeili, M.; Rezaei-Tavirani, M.; Pezeshgi, A. title: Critical Complications of COVID-19: A systematic Review and Meta-Analysis study date: 2020-06-16 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.14.20130955 sha: doc_id: 301983 cord_uid: aks5z29t file: cache/cord-303799-9hh17k86.json key: cord-303799-9hh17k86 authors: Huang, Ying; Yang, Rui; Xu, Ying; Gong, Ping title: Clinical characteristics of 36 non-survivors with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-02-29 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.02.27.20029009 sha: doc_id: 303799 cord_uid: 9hh17k86 file: cache/cord-298857-4y5o2p44.json key: cord-298857-4y5o2p44 authors: Zhu, Jie; Cai, Yi title: Engaging the communities in Wuhan, China during the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-07-13 journal: Glob Health Res Policy DOI: 10.1186/s41256-020-00162-3 sha: doc_id: 298857 cord_uid: 4y5o2p44 file: cache/cord-304165-4f84pc83.json key: cord-304165-4f84pc83 authors: Zhuang, Zian; Cao, Peihua; Zhao, Shi; Lou, Yijun; Wang, Weiming; Yang, Shu; Yang, Lin; He, Daihai title: Estimation of local novel coronavirus (COVID-19) cases in Wuhan, China from off-site reported cases and population flow data from different sources date: 2020-03-02 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.02.20030080 sha: doc_id: 304165 cord_uid: 4f84pc83 file: cache/cord-302159-exexcag6.json key: cord-302159-exexcag6 authors: Wei, Yanqiu; Lu, Yanjun; Xia, Liming; Yuan, Xianglin; Li, Gang; Li, Xinying; Liu, Li; Liu, Wenhua; Zhou, Peng; Wang, Cong‐Yi; Zhang, Huilan title: Analysis of 2019 novel coronavirus infection and clinical characteristics of outpatients: An epidemiological study from a fever clinic in Wuhan, China date: 2020-06-16 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26175 sha: doc_id: 302159 cord_uid: exexcag6 file: cache/cord-297552-n4uvsi3v.json key: cord-297552-n4uvsi3v authors: Zou, Li; Dai, Lijun; Zhang, Yangyang; Fu, Wenning; Gao, Yan; Zhang, Zhaohui; Zhang, Zhentao title: Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Disease Severity and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-08-13 journal: Front Med (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00532 sha: doc_id: 297552 cord_uid: n4uvsi3v file: cache/cord-298899-lkrmg5qr.json key: cord-298899-lkrmg5qr authors: Xie, Yewei; Wang, Zaisheng; Liao, Huipeng; Marley, Gifty; Wu, Dan; Tang, Weiming title: Epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory findings of the COVID-19 in the current pandemic: systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-08-31 journal: BMC Infect Dis DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05371-2 sha: doc_id: 298899 cord_uid: lkrmg5qr file: cache/cord-303203-1kpw4ru0.json key: cord-303203-1kpw4ru0 authors: Guo, Jing; Feng, Xing Lin; Wang, Xiao Hua; van IJzendoorn, Marinus H. title: Coping with COVID-19: Exposure to COVID-19 and Negative Impact on Livelihood Predict Elevated Mental Health Problems in Chinese Adults date: 2020-05-29 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113857 sha: doc_id: 303203 cord_uid: 1kpw4ru0 file: cache/cord-304839-lesa5u2n.json key: cord-304839-lesa5u2n authors: Jiang, Fang; Deng, Liehua; Zhang, Liangqing; Cai, Yin; Cheung, Chi Wai; Xia, Zhengyuan title: Review of the Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-03-04 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-05762-w sha: doc_id: 304839 cord_uid: lesa5u2n file: cache/cord-296182-hhswage4.json key: cord-296182-hhswage4 authors: Meng, Lingzhong; Qiu, Haibo; Wan, Li; Ai, Yuhang; Xue, Zhanggang; Guo, Qulian; Deshpande, Ranjit; Zhang, Lina; Meng, Jie; Tong, Chuanyao; Liu, Hong; Xiong, Lize title: Intubation and Ventilation amid the COVID-19 Outbreak: Wuhan’s Experience date: 2020-04-08 journal: Anesthesiology DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000003296 sha: doc_id: 296182 cord_uid: hhswage4 file: cache/cord-304418-k9owyolj.json key: cord-304418-k9owyolj authors: Le Maréchal, M.; Morand, P.; Epaulard, O.; Némoz, B. title: COVID-19 in clinical practice: a narrative synthesis date: 2020-09-29 journal: Med Mal Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2020.09.012 sha: doc_id: 304418 cord_uid: k9owyolj file: cache/cord-304925-9gvx3swf.json key: cord-304925-9gvx3swf authors: Xie, Zhixiang; Qin, Yaochen; Li, Yang; Shen, Wei; Zheng, Zhicheng; Liu, Shirui title: Spatial and temporal differentiation of COVID-19 epidemic spread in mainland China and its influencing factors date: 2020-07-14 journal: Sci Total Environ DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140929 sha: doc_id: 304925 cord_uid: 9gvx3swf file: cache/cord-298881-u6uqroi0.json key: cord-298881-u6uqroi0 authors: Huang, Ian; Lim, Michael Anthonius; Pranata, Raymond title: Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased mortality and severity of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia – A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression() date: 2020-04-17 journal: Diabetes Metab Syndr DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.018 sha: doc_id: 298881 cord_uid: u6uqroi0 file: cache/cord-301633-t8s4s0wo.json key: cord-301633-t8s4s0wo authors: Gralinski, Lisa E.; Menachery, Vineet D. title: Return of the Coronavirus: 2019-nCoV date: 2020-01-24 journal: Viruses DOI: 10.3390/v12020135 sha: doc_id: 301633 cord_uid: t8s4s0wo file: cache/cord-304710-gjb6zo81.json key: cord-304710-gjb6zo81 authors: Khan, S.; Nabi, G.; Han, G.; Siddique, R.; Lian, S.; Shi, H.; Bashir, N.; Ali, A.; Shereen, M. Adnan title: Novel coronavirus: how things are in Wuhan date: 2020-02-11 journal: Clin Microbiol Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.02.005 sha: doc_id: 304710 cord_uid: gjb6zo81 file: cache/cord-305213-bt0qsbyf.json key: cord-305213-bt0qsbyf authors: Zhou, Jian; Sun, Jingjing; Cao, Ziqin; Wang, Wanchun; Huang, Kang; Zheng, Fang; Xie, Yuanlin; Jiang, Dixuan; Zhou, Zhiguo title: Epidemiological and clinical features of 201 COVID-19 patients in Changsha city, Hunan, China date: 2020-08-21 journal: Medicine (Baltimore) DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021824 sha: doc_id: 305213 cord_uid: bt0qsbyf file: cache/cord-304490-q9ab1pji.json key: cord-304490-q9ab1pji authors: Iqbal, Najaf; Fareed, Zeeshan; Shahzad, Farrukh; He, Xin; Shahzad, Umer; Lina, Ma title: Nexus between COVID-19, temperature and exchange rate in Wuhan City: New findings from Partial and Multiple Wavelet Coherence date: 2020-04-22 journal: Sci Total Environ DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138916 sha: doc_id: 304490 cord_uid: q9ab1pji file: cache/cord-309001-erm705tg.json key: cord-309001-erm705tg authors: Liu, Q.; Song, N. C.; Zheng, Z. K.; Li, J. S.; Li, S. K. title: Laboratory findings and a combined multifactorial approach to predict death in critically ill patients with COVID-19: a retrospective study date: 2020-06-30 journal: Epidemiol Infect DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820001442 sha: doc_id: 309001 cord_uid: erm705tg file: cache/cord-284376-plwyjhl8.json key: cord-266738-8xx1xm2d authors: Feng, Zhan-hui; Cheng, Yong-ran; Chen, Juan; Ye, Lan; Zhou, Meng-Yun; Wang, Ming-Wei title: Chinese medical personnel against the 2019-nCoV date: 2020-05-31 journal: Journal of Infection DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.011 sha: doc_id: 266738 cord_uid: 8xx1xm2d key: cord-284376-plwyjhl8 authors: Fu, Xinmiao; Ying, Qi; Zeng, Tieyong; Long, Tao; Wang, Yan title: Simulating and forecasting the cumulative confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 in China by Boltzmann function-based regression analyses date: 2020-05-31 journal: Journal of Infection DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.019 sha: doc_id: 284376 cord_uid: plwyjhl8 key: cord-324559-p92y5er2 authors: Lillie, Patrick J.; Samson, Anda; Li, Ang; Adams, Kate; Capstick, Richard; Barlow, Gavin D.; Easom, Nicholas; Hamilton, Eve; Moss, Peter J.; Evans, Adam; Ivan, Monica; PHE Incident Team; Taha, Yusri; Duncan, Christopher J.A.; Schmid, Matthias L.; the Airborne HCID Network title: Novel coronavirus disease (Covid-19): The first two patients in the UK with person to person transmission date: 2020-02-28 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.020 sha: doc_id: 324559 cord_uid: p92y5er2 file: cache/cord-305422-t8azymo7.json key: cord-305422-t8azymo7 authors: Yi, Ye; Lagniton, Philip N.P.; Ye, Sen; Li, Enqin; Xu, Ren-He title: COVID-19: what has been learned and to be learned about the novel coronavirus disease date: 2020-03-15 journal: Int J Biol Sci DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.45134 sha: doc_id: 305422 cord_uid: t8azymo7 file: cache/cord-305054-4d84b2g6.json key: cord-305054-4d84b2g6 authors: Liu, Yuan; Yan, Changhui title: The selection of reference genome and the search for the origin of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-08-11 journal: bioRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.10.245290 sha: doc_id: 305054 cord_uid: 4d84b2g6 file: cache/cord-306373-61snvddh.json key: cord-306373-61snvddh authors: Xu, Xiao-Wei; Wu, Xiao-Xin; Jiang, Xian-Gao; Xu, Kai-Jin; Ying, Ling-Jun; Ma, Chun-Lian; Li, Shi-Bo; Wang, Hua-Ying; Zhang, Sheng; Gao, Hai-Nv; Sheng, Ji-Fang; Cai, Hong-Liu; Qiu, Yun-Qing; Li, Lan-Juan title: Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series date: 2020-02-19 journal: BMJ DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m606 sha: doc_id: 306373 cord_uid: 61snvddh file: cache/cord-306690-s5mxes4r.json key: cord-306690-s5mxes4r authors: Shangguan, Ziheng; Wang, Mark Yaolin; Sun, Wen title: What Caused the Outbreak of COVID-19 in China: From the Perspective of Crisis Management date: 2020-05-08 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093279 sha: doc_id: 306690 cord_uid: s5mxes4r file: cache/cord-310676-125o0o7x.json key: cord-310676-125o0o7x authors: Liu, Qibin; Fang, Xuemin; Tokuno, Shinichi; Chung, Ungil; Chen, Xianxiang; Dai, Xiyong; Liu, Xiaoyu; Xu, Feng; Wang, Bing; Peng, Peng title: Prediction of the clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients using T lymphocyte subsets with 340 cases from Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study and a web visualization tool date: 2020-04-11 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.06.20056127 sha: doc_id: 310676 cord_uid: 125o0o7x file: cache/cord-309478-yhmgopmr.json key: cord-309478-yhmgopmr authors: Jin, Ying-Hui; Huang, Qiao; Wang, Yun-Yun; Zeng, Xian-Tao; Luo, Li-Sha; Pan, Zhen-Yu; Yuan, Yu-Feng; Chen, Zhi-Min; Cheng, Zhen-Shun; Huang, Xing; Wang, Na; Li, Bing-Hui; Zi, Hao; Zhao, Ming-Juan; Ma, Lin-Lu; Deng, Tong; Wang, Ying; Wang, Xing-Huan title: Perceived infection transmission routes, infection control practices, psychosocial changes, and management of COVID-19 infected healthcare workers in a tertiary acute care hospital in Wuhan: a cross-sectional survey date: 2020-05-11 journal: Mil Med Res DOI: 10.1186/s40779-020-00254-8 sha: doc_id: 309478 cord_uid: yhmgopmr file: cache/cord-320930-9yiu0080.json key: cord-320930-9yiu0080 authors: Liu, Zeming; Li, Jinpeng; Huang, Jianglong; Guo, Liang; Gao, Rongfen; Luo, Kuan; Zeng, Guang; Zhang, Tingbao; Yi, Meilin; Huang, Yihui; Chen, Jincao; Yang, Yibin; Wu, Xiaohui title: Association Between Diabetes and COVID-19: A Retrospective Observational Study With a Large Sample of 1,880 Cases in Leishenshan Hospital, Wuhan date: 2020-07-14 journal: Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00478 sha: doc_id: 320930 cord_uid: 9yiu0080 file: cache/cord-317465-ucwuptgg.json key: cord-317465-ucwuptgg authors: FANG, H.; WANG, L.; YANG, Y. title: Human Mobility Restrictions and the Spread of the Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China date: 2020-03-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.24.20042424 sha: doc_id: 317465 cord_uid: ucwuptgg file: cache/cord-311585-h4holhit.json key: cord-311585-h4holhit authors: Ling, R.; Yu, Y.; He, J.; Zhang, J.; Xu, S.; Sun, R.; Li, T.; Ji, H.; Wang, H. title: Seroprevalence and epidemiological characteristics of immunoglobulin M and G antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic people in Wuhan, China date: 2020-06-19 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.16.20132423 sha: doc_id: 311585 cord_uid: h4holhit file: cache/cord-306189-ugxou9z1.json key: cord-306189-ugxou9z1 authors: Bherwani, Hemant; Nair, Moorthy; Musugu, Kavya; Gautam, Sneha; Gupta, Ankit; Kapley, Atya; Kumar, Rakesh title: Valuation of air pollution externalities: comparative assessment of economic damage and emission reduction under COVID-19 lockdown date: 2020-06-10 journal: Air Qual Atmos Health DOI: 10.1007/s11869-020-00845-3 sha: doc_id: 306189 cord_uid: ugxou9z1 file: cache/cord-309569-b9jcgx4s.json key: cord-309569-b9jcgx4s authors: Lin, Qiu-Shi; Hu, Tao-Jun; Zhou, Xiao-Hua title: Further explanations for the eq. (3) in “Estimating the daily trend in the size of the COVID-19 infected population in Wuhan” date: 2020-09-15 journal: Infect Dis Poverty DOI: 10.1186/s40249-020-00749-5 sha: doc_id: 309569 cord_uid: b9jcgx4s file: cache/cord-321727-xyowl659.json key: cord-321727-xyowl659 authors: Wang, Lishi; Li, Jing; Guo, Sumin; Xie, Ning; Yao, Lan; Cao, Yanhong; Day, Sara W.; Howard, Scott C.; Graff, J. Carolyn; Gu, Tianshu; Ji, Jiafu; Gu, Weikuan; Sun, Dianjun title: Real-time estimation and prediction of mortality caused by COVID-19 with patient information based algorithm date: 2020-07-20 journal: Sci Total Environ DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138394 sha: doc_id: 321727 cord_uid: xyowl659 file: cache/cord-323481-uz6usokd.json key: cord-323481-uz6usokd authors: Wang, Yixuan; Wang, Yuyi; Chen, Yan; Qin, Qingsong title: Unique epidemiological and clinical features of the emerging 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID‐19) implicate special control measures date: 2020-03-29 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25748 sha: doc_id: 323481 cord_uid: uz6usokd file: cache/cord-314273-xhnv5cje.json key: cord-314273-xhnv5cje authors: Lytras, Theodore; Panagiotakopoulos, Georgios; Tsiodras, Sotirios title: Estimating the ascertainment rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China: implications for management of the global outbreak date: 2020-03-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.24.20042218 sha: doc_id: 314273 cord_uid: xhnv5cje file: cache/cord-337809-bxvgr6qg.json key: cord-337809-bxvgr6qg authors: Xiong, Yong; Song, Shihui; Ye, Guangming; Wang, Xinghuan title: Family cluster of three recovered cases of pneumonia due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection date: 2020-05-04 journal: BMJ Case Rep DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-235302 sha: doc_id: 337809 cord_uid: bxvgr6qg file: cache/cord-315525-u8goc7io.json key: cord-315525-u8goc7io authors: Backer, Jantien A.; Klinkenberg, Don; Wallinga, Jacco title: The incubation period of 2019-nCoV infections among travellers from Wuhan, China date: 2020-01-28 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.01.27.20018986 sha: doc_id: 315525 cord_uid: u8goc7io file: cache/cord-320953-1st77mvh.json key: cord-320953-1st77mvh authors: Overton, ChristopherE.; Stage, HelenaB.; Ahmad, Shazaad; Curran-Sebastian, Jacob; Dark, Paul; Das, Rajenki; Fearon, Elizabeth; Felton, Timothy; Fyles, Martyn; Gent, Nick; Hall, Ian; House, Thomas; Lewkowicz, Hugo; Pang, Xiaoxi; Pellis, Lorenzo; Sawko, Robert; Ustianowski, Andrew; Vekaria, Bindu; Webb, Luke title: Using statistics and mathematical modelling to understand infectious disease outbreaks: COVID-19 as an example date: 2020-07-04 journal: Infect Dis Model DOI: 10.1016/j.idm.2020.06.008 sha: doc_id: 320953 cord_uid: 1st77mvh file: cache/cord-325032-3x5wklr4.json key: cord-325032-3x5wklr4 authors: Jiang, Shanhe; Zhang, Dawei; Irwin, Darrell D. title: Semiformal Organizations and Control During the COVID-19 Crisis in China date: 2020-10-30 journal: Asian J Criminol DOI: 10.1007/s11417-020-09334-z sha: doc_id: 325032 cord_uid: 3x5wklr4 file: cache/cord-314311-xbpb9nfi.json key: cord-314311-xbpb9nfi authors: Ge, Huipeng; Wang, Xiufen; Yuan, Xiangning; Xiao, Gong; Wang, Chengzhi; Deng, Tianci; Yuan, Qiongjing; Xiao, Xiangcheng title: The epidemiology and clinical information about COVID-19 date: 2020-04-14 journal: Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-03874-z sha: doc_id: 314311 cord_uid: xbpb9nfi file: cache/cord-323882-127c5bve.json key: cord-323882-127c5bve authors: Yu, Wen-Bin; Tang, Guang-Da; Zhang, Li; Corlett, Richard T. title: Decoding the evolution and transmissions of the novel pneumonia coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 / HCoV-19) using whole genomic data date: 2020-05-17 journal: Zool Res DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.022 sha: doc_id: 323882 cord_uid: 127c5bve file: cache/cord-319770-ddq2q1pg.json key: cord-319770-ddq2q1pg authors: Wen, Ying; Wei, Lan; Li, Yuan; Tang, Xiujuan; Feng, Shuo; Leung, Kathy; Wu, Xiaoliang; Pan, Xiong-Fei; Chen, Cong; Xia, Junjie; Zou, Xuan; Feng, Tiejian; Mei, Shujiang title: Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in Shenzhen, the largest migrant city of China date: 2020-03-23 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.22.20035246 sha: doc_id: 319770 cord_uid: ddq2q1pg file: cache/cord-333226-o23da4x2.json key: cord-333226-o23da4x2 authors: Wang, Yuke; Teunis, Peter title: Strongly Heterogeneous Transmission of COVID-19 in Mainland China: Local and Regional Variation date: 2020-06-19 journal: Front Med (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00329 sha: doc_id: 333226 cord_uid: o23da4x2 file: cache/cord-336546-wcxqn5z2.json key: cord-336546-wcxqn5z2 authors: Xi, Aiqi; Zhuo, Ma; Dai, Jingtao; Ding, Yuehe; Ma, Xiuzhen; Ma, Xiaoli; Wang, Xiaoyi; Shi, Lianmeng; Bai, Huanying; Zheng, Hongying; Nuermberger, Eric; Xu, Jian title: Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of discharged patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 on the Qinghai plateau date: 2020-05-21 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26032 sha: doc_id: 336546 cord_uid: wcxqn5z2 file: cache/cord-338001-jig46hsk.json key: cord-338001-jig46hsk authors: Ong, Jacqueline S. M.; Tosoni, Alvise; Kim, YaeJean; Kissoon, Niranjan; Murthy, Srinivas title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Critically Ill Children: A Narrative Review of the Literature date: 2020-04-21 journal: Pediatr Crit Care Med DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000002376 sha: doc_id: 338001 cord_uid: jig46hsk file: cache/cord-314591-ylokznn5.json key: cord-314591-ylokznn5 authors: Quilty, Billy J.; Diamond, Charlie; Liu, Yang; Gibbs, Hamish; Russell, Timothy W.; Jarvis, Christopher I.; Prem, Kiesha; Pearson, Carl A. B.; Clifford, Samuel; Flasche, Stefan; Klepac, Petra; Eggo, Rosalind M.; Jit, Mark title: The effect of travel restrictions on the geographical spread of COVID-19 between large cities in China: a modelling study date: 2020-08-19 journal: BMC Med DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01712-9 sha: doc_id: 314591 cord_uid: ylokznn5 file: cache/cord-342012-1w3x0g42.json key: cord-342012-1w3x0g42 authors: Wu, Joseph T.; Leung, Kathy; Bushman, Mary; Kishore, Nishant; Niehus, Rene; de Salazar, Pablo M.; Cowling, Benjamin J.; Lipsitch, Marc; Leung, Gabriel M. title: Estimating clinical severity of COVID-19 from the transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China date: 2020-03-19 journal: Nat Med DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-0822-7 sha: doc_id: 342012 cord_uid: 1w3x0g42 file: cache/cord-312399-7oaerpee.json key: cord-312399-7oaerpee authors: Park, Joo-Hyun; Jang, Wook; Kim, Sang-Woo; Lee, Jeongjun; Lim, Yun-Sung; Cho, Chang-Gun; Park, Seok-Won; Kim, Bo Hae title: The Clinical Manifestations and Chest Computed Tomography Findings of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients in China: A Proportion Meta-Analysis date: 2020-05-01 journal: Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2020.00570 sha: doc_id: 312399 cord_uid: 7oaerpee file: cache/cord-320955-xhp96abg.json key: cord-320955-xhp96abg authors: Allam, Zaheer title: The First 50 days of COVID-19: A Detailed Chronological Timeline and Extensive Review of Literature Documenting the Pandemic date: 2020-07-24 journal: Surveying the Covid-19 Pandemic and its Implications DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-824313-8.00001-2 sha: doc_id: 320955 cord_uid: xhp96abg file: cache/cord-325012-yjay3t38.json key: cord-325012-yjay3t38 authors: Chen, Ze-Liang; Zhang, Qi; Lu, Yi; Guo, Zhong-Min; Zhang, Xi; Zhang, Wen-Jun; Guo, Cheng; Liao, Cong-Hui; Li, Qian-Lin; Han, Xiao-Hu; Lu, Jia-Hai title: Distribution of the COVID-19 epidemic and correlation with population emigration from Wuhan, China date: 2020-02-28 journal: Chin Med J (Engl) DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000782 sha: doc_id: 325012 cord_uid: yjay3t38 file: cache/cord-328859-qx7kvn0u.json key: cord-328859-qx7kvn0u authors: Zhu, Hongjun; Li, Yan; Jin, Xuelian; Huang, Jiangping; Liu, Xin; Qian, Ying; Tan, Jindong title: Transmission Dynamics and Control Methodology of COVID-19: a Modeling Study date: 2020-09-21 journal: Appl Math Model DOI: 10.1016/j.apm.2020.08.056 sha: doc_id: 328859 cord_uid: qx7kvn0u file: cache/cord-337324-jxtch47t.json key: cord-337324-jxtch47t authors: Qian, Guo-Qing; Yang, Nai-Bin; Ding, Feng; Ma, Ada Hoi Yan; Wang, Zong-Yi; Shen, Yue-Fei; Shi, Chun-Wei; Lian, Xiang; Chu, Jin-Guo; Chen, Lei; Wang, Zhi-Yu; Ren, Da-Wei; Li, Guo-Xiang; Chen, Xue-Qin; Shen, Hua-Jiang; Chen, Xiao-Min title: Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics of 91 Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Zhejiang, China: A retrospective, multi-centre case series date: 2020-02-25 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.02.23.20026856 sha: doc_id: 337324 cord_uid: jxtch47t file: cache/cord-316757-p370gjjn.json key: cord-316757-p370gjjn authors: Kofi Ayittey, Foster; Dzuvor, Christian; Kormla Ayittey, Matthew; Bennita Chiwero, Nyasha; Habib, Ahmed title: Updates on Wuhan 2019 novel coronavirus epidemic date: 2020-02-10 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25695 sha: doc_id: 316757 cord_uid: p370gjjn file: cache/cord-339743-jxj10857.json key: cord-339743-jxj10857 authors: Liu, H.; Bai, X.; Shen, H.; Pang, X.; Liang, Z.; Liu, Y. title: Synchronized travel restrictions across cities can be effective in COVID-19 control date: 2020-04-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.02.20050781 sha: doc_id: 339743 cord_uid: jxj10857 file: cache/cord-336963-evjmz49u.json key: cord-336963-evjmz49u authors: Chen, Dong; Hu, Chenchan; Su, Feifei; Song, Qifa; Wang, Zhen title: Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in a high transmission setting increases the risk of severe COVID-19 compared to exposure to a low transmission setting? date: 2020-06-05 journal: J Travel Med DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taaa094 sha: doc_id: 336963 cord_uid: evjmz49u file: cache/cord-338231-uni4aqxo.json key: cord-338231-uni4aqxo authors: Shi, Puyu; Ren, Guoxia; Yang, Jun; Li, Zhiqiang; Deng, Shujiao; Li, Miao; Wang, Shasha; Xu, Xiaofeng; Chen, Fuping; Li, Yuanjun; Li, Chunyan; Yang, Xiaohua; Xie, Zhaofeng; Wu, Zhengxia; Chen, Mingwei title: Clinical characteristics of imported and second-generation coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Shaanxi outside Wuhan, China: a multicentre retrospective study date: 2020-09-30 journal: Epidemiology and infection DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820002332 sha: doc_id: 338231 cord_uid: uni4aqxo file: cache/cord-345724-6u9q0ox9.json key: cord-345724-6u9q0ox9 authors: Zhu, Xiaolin; Zhang, Aiyin; Xu, Shuai; Jia, Pengfei; Tan, Xiaoyue; Tian, Jiaqi; Wei, Tao; Quan, Zhenxian; Yu, Jiali title: Spatially Explicit Modeling of 2019-nCoV Epidemic Trend based on Mobile Phone Data in Mainland China date: 2020-02-11 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.02.09.20021360 sha: doc_id: 345724 cord_uid: 6u9q0ox9 file: cache/cord-321358-plxz5mkg.json key: cord-321358-plxz5mkg authors: Zheng, Jun title: SARS-CoV-2: an Emerging Coronavirus that Causes a Global Threat date: 2020-03-15 journal: Int J Biol Sci DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.45053 sha: doc_id: 321358 cord_uid: plxz5mkg file: cache/cord-341135-gmi1ewc2.json key: cord-341135-gmi1ewc2 authors: Kucharski, Adam J; Russell, Timothy W; Diamond, Charlie; Liu, Yang; Edmunds, John; Funk, Sebastian; Eggo, Rosalind M title: Early dynamics of transmission and control of COVID-19: a mathematical modelling study date: 2020-02-02 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.01.31.20019901 sha: doc_id: 341135 cord_uid: gmi1ewc2 file: cache/cord-327716-ehm4fgos.json key: cord-327716-ehm4fgos authors: Zhou, Can title: Evaluating new evidence in the early dynamics of the novel coronavirus COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China with real time domestic traffic and potential asymptomatic transmissions date: 2020-02-18 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.02.15.20023440 sha: doc_id: 327716 cord_uid: ehm4fgos file: cache/cord-332387-rmmmhrjy.json key: cord-332387-rmmmhrjy authors: Ma, Chang-Jin; Kang, Gong-Unn title: Air Quality Variation in Wuhan, Daegu, and Tokyo during the Explosive Outbreak of COVID-19 and Its Health Effects date: 2020-06-09 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17114119 sha: doc_id: 332387 cord_uid: rmmmhrjy file: cache/cord-328787-r0i3zo6t.json key: cord-328787-r0i3zo6t authors: Xue, Ling; Jing, Shuanglin; Miller, Joel C.; Sun, Wei; Li, Huafeng; Estrada-Franco, José Guillermo; Hyman, James M.; Zhu, Huaiping title: A data-driven network model for the emerging COVID-19 epidemics in Wuhan, Toronto and Italy date: 2020-06-01 journal: Math Biosci DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2020.108391 sha: doc_id: 328787 cord_uid: r0i3zo6t file: cache/cord-326721-2v5wkjrq.json key: cord-326721-2v5wkjrq authors: Xiao, Wenlei; Liu, Qiang; Huan, J; Sun, Pengpeng; Wang, Liuquan; Zang, Chenxin; Zhu, Sanying; Gao, Liansheng title: A Cybernetics-based Dynamic Infection Model for Analyzing SARS-COV-2 Infection Stability and Predicting Uncontrollable Risks date: 2020-03-17 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.13.20034082 sha: doc_id: 326721 cord_uid: 2v5wkjrq file: cache/cord-340369-y8o5j2be.json key: cord-340369-y8o5j2be authors: Zhang, Juanjuan; Litvinova, Maria; Liang, Yuxia; Wang, Yan; Wang, Wei; Zhao, Shanlu; Wu, Qianhui; Merler, Stefano; Viboud, Cecile; Vespignani, Alessandro; Ajelli, Marco; Yu, Hongjie title: Age profile of susceptibility, mixing, and social distancing shape the dynamics of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in China date: 2020-03-20 journal: medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.19.20039107 sha: doc_id: 340369 cord_uid: y8o5j2be file: cache/cord-328687-clr1e9p6.json key: cord-328687-clr1e9p6 authors: Zhou, Fuling; Li, Jingfeng; Lu, Mengxin; Ma, Linlu; Pan, Yunbao; Liu, Xiaoyan; Zhu, Xiaobin; Hu, Chao; Wu, Sanyun; Chen, Liangjun; Wang, Yi; Wei, Yongchang; Li, Yirong; Xu, Haibo; Wang, Xinghuan; Cai, Lin title: Tracing asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers among 3674 hospital staff:a cross-sectional survey date: 2020-09-15 journal: EClinicalMedicine DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100510 sha: doc_id: 328687 cord_uid: clr1e9p6 file: cache/cord-316990-kz9782rj.json key: cord-316990-kz9782rj authors: Han, Xuehua; Wang, Juanle; Zhang, Min; Wang, Xiaojie title: Using Social Media to Mine and Analyze Public Opinion Related to COVID-19 in China date: 2020-04-17 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082788 sha: doc_id: 316990 cord_uid: kz9782rj file: cache/cord-335460-g8rsiiy7.json key: cord-335460-g8rsiiy7 authors: Wu, Yu-ping; Cao, Jin-ming; Chen, Tian-wu; Li, Rui; Liu, Feng-jun; Zeng, Yue; Zhang, Xiao-ming; Mu, Qi-wen; Li, Hong-jun title: CT manifestations of the coronavirus disease 2019 of imported infection versus second-generation infection in patients outside the original district (Wuhan, China) of this disease: An observational study date: 2020-05-22 journal: Medicine (Baltimore) DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020370 sha: doc_id: 335460 cord_uid: g8rsiiy7 file: cache/cord-327096-m87tapjp.json key: cord-327096-m87tapjp authors: Peng, Liangrong; Yang, Wuyue; Zhang, Dongyan; Zhuge, Changjing; Hong, Liu title: Epidemic analysis of COVID-19 in China by dynamical modeling date: 2020-02-18 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.02.16.20023465 sha: doc_id: 327096 cord_uid: m87tapjp file: cache/cord-347257-s0w95qdn.json key: cord-347257-s0w95qdn authors: Kraemer, Moritz U. G.; Yang, Chia-Hung; Gutierrez, Bernardo; Wu, Chieh-Hsi; Klein, Brennan; Pigott, David M.; du Plessis, Louis; Faria, Nuno R.; Li, Ruoran; Hanage, William P.; Brownstein, John S.; Layan, Maylis; Vespignani, Alessandro; Tian, Huaiyu; Dye, Christopher; Pybus, Oliver G.; Scarpino, Samuel V. title: The effect of human mobility and control measures on the COVID-19 epidemic in China date: 2020-03-25 journal: Science DOI: 10.1126/science.abb4218 sha: doc_id: 347257 cord_uid: s0w95qdn file: cache/cord-326804-5psqro9d.json key: cord-326804-5psqro9d authors: Wei, Chen; Wang, Zhengyang; Liang, Zhichao; Liu, Quanying title: The focus and timing of COVID-19 pandemic control measures under healthcare resource constraints date: 2020-04-19 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.16.20067611 sha: doc_id: 326804 cord_uid: 5psqro9d file: cache/cord-339044-qy4jab37.json key: cord-339044-qy4jab37 authors: Li, Man; Cheng, Biao; Zeng, Wen; Chen, Sichao; Tu, Mengqi; Wu, Meng; Tong, Wei; Wang, Shipei; Huang, Yihui; Long, Wei; Zhou, Wei; Chen, Danyang; Zhou, Lin; Wang, Min; Xu, Haibo; Deng, Aiping; Liu, Zeming; Guo, Liang title: Analysis of the Risk Factors for Mortality in Adult COVID-19 Patients in Wuhan: A Multicenter Study date: 2020-08-25 journal: Front Med (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00545 sha: doc_id: 339044 cord_uid: qy4jab37 file: cache/cord-347204-cafr7f38.json key: cord-347204-cafr7f38 authors: Yuan, Zheming; Xiao, Yi; Dai, Zhijun; Huang, Jianjun; Zhang, Zhenhai; Chen, Yuan title: Modelling the effects of Wuhan’s lockdown during COVID-19, China date: 2020-07-01 journal: Bull World Health Organ DOI: 10.2471/blt.20.254045 sha: doc_id: 347204 cord_uid: cafr7f38 file: cache/cord-342268-azi9i2a8.json key: cord-342268-azi9i2a8 authors: Zhao, Shi; Zhuang, Zian; Cao, Peihua; Ran, Jinjun; Gao, Daozhou; Lou, Yijun; Yang, Lin; Cai, Yongli; Wang, Weiming; He, Daihai; Wang, Maggie H title: Quantifying the association between domestic travel and the exportation of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) cases from Wuhan, China in 2020: a correlational analysis date: 2020-02-20 journal: J Travel Med DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taaa022 sha: doc_id: 342268 cord_uid: azi9i2a8 file: cache/cord-343715-y594iewi.json key: cord-343715-y594iewi authors: Gavriatopoulou, Maria; Korompoki, Eleni; Fotiou, Despina; Ntanasis-Stathopoulos, Ioannis; Psaltopoulou, Theodora; Kastritis, Efstathios; Terpos, Evangelos; Dimopoulos, Meletios A. title: Organ-specific manifestations of COVID-19 infection date: 2020-07-27 journal: Clin Exp Med DOI: 10.1007/s10238-020-00648-x sha: doc_id: 343715 cord_uid: y594iewi file: cache/cord-333262-xvfl7ycj.json key: cord-333262-xvfl7ycj authors: Robson, B. title: COVID-19 Coronavirus spike protein analysis for synthetic vaccines, a peptidomimetic antagonist, and therapeutic drugs, and analysis of a proposed achilles’ heel conserved region to minimize probability of escape mutations and drug resistance date: 2020-04-11 journal: Comput Biol Med DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103749 sha: doc_id: 333262 cord_uid: xvfl7ycj file: cache/cord-333581-icp0xwhx.json key: cord-333581-icp0xwhx authors: Aziz, Muhammad; Haghbin, Hossein; Lee-Smith, Wade; Goyal, Hemant; Nawras, Ali; Adler, Douglas G. title: Gastrointestinal predictors of severe COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-07-30 journal: Ann Gastroenterol DOI: 10.20524/aog.2020.0527 sha: doc_id: 333581 cord_uid: icp0xwhx file: cache/cord-351167-4gpq5syb.json key: cord-351167-4gpq5syb authors: Koenig, Kristi L.; Beÿ, Christian K.; McDonald, Eric C. title: 2019-nCoV: The Identify-Isolate-Inform (3I) Tool Applied to a Novel Emerging Coronavirus date: 2020-01-31 journal: West J Emerg Med DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2020.1.46760 sha: doc_id: 351167 cord_uid: 4gpq5syb file: cache/cord-344480-6tcush4w.json key: cord-344480-6tcush4w authors: Zhou, Guangbiao; Chen, Saijuan; Chen, Zhu title: Back to the spring of Wuhan: facts and hope of COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-03-14 journal: Front Med DOI: 10.1007/s11684-020-0758-9 sha: doc_id: 344480 cord_uid: 6tcush4w file: cache/cord-352797-xuaqump9.json key: cord-352797-xuaqump9 authors: Bian, Xiaoen; Fan, Xiaoli; Wang, Yanfeng title: Influence of Asymptomatic Carriers With COVID-19 on Transplantation Resumption in Wuhan date: 2020-06-22 journal: Transplantation DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003356 sha: doc_id: 352797 cord_uid: xuaqump9 file: cache/cord-355528-y4a1g6km.json key: cord-355528-y4a1g6km authors: Balla, Mamtha; Merugu, Ganesh Prasad; Patel, Mitra; Koduri, Narayana Murty; Gayam, Vijay; Adapa, Sreedhar; Naramala, Srikanth; Konala, Venu Madhav title: COVID-19, Modern Pandemic: A Systematic Review From Front-Line Health Care Providers’ Perspective date: 2020-03-30 journal: J Clin Med Res DOI: 10.14740/jocmr4142 sha: doc_id: 355528 cord_uid: y4a1g6km file: cache/cord-348327-rgikd4g8.json key: cord-348327-rgikd4g8 authors: Ueyama, Hiroki; Kuno, Toshiki; Takagi, Hisato; Krishnamoorthy, Parasuram; Vengrenyuk, Yuliya; Sharma, Samin K.; Kini, Annapoorna S.; Lerakis, Stamatios title: Gender Difference Is Associated With Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection: An Insight From a Meta-Analysis date: 2020-06-19 journal: Crit Care Explor DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000148 sha: doc_id: 348327 cord_uid: rgikd4g8 file: cache/cord-343767-nnx8adtl.json key: cord-343767-nnx8adtl authors: Liu, Ziyuan; Li, Zhi; Chen, Weiming; Zhao, Yunpu; Yue, Hanxun; Wu, Zhenzhen title: Path Optimization of Medical Waste Transport Routes in the Emergent Public Health Event of COVID-19: A Hybrid Optimization Algorithm Based on the Immune–Ant Colony Algorithm date: 2020-08-12 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165831 sha: doc_id: 343767 cord_uid: nnx8adtl file: cache/cord-352509-qrzt4zva.json key: cord-352509-qrzt4zva authors: Chen, Haohui; Xu, Weipan; Paris, Cecile; Reeson, Andrew; Li, Xun title: Social distance and SARS memory: impact on the public awareness of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak date: 2020-03-16 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.11.20033688 sha: doc_id: 352509 cord_uid: qrzt4zva file: cache/cord-351600-bqw9ks4a.json key: cord-351600-bqw9ks4a authors: Zhang, Shuai; Guo, Mengfei; Duan, Limin; Wu, Feng; Hu, Guorong; Wang, Zhihui; Huang, Qi; Liao, Tingting; Xu, Juanjuan; Ma, Yanling; Lv, Zhilei; Xiao, Wenjing; Zhao, Zilin; Tan, Xueyun; Meng, Daquan; Zhang, Shujing; Zhou, E; Yin, Zhengrong; Geng, Wei; Wang, Xuan; Zhang, Jianchu; Chen, Jianguo; Zhang, Yu; Jin, Yang title: Development and validation of a risk factor-based system to predict short-term survival in adult hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a multicenter, retrospective, cohort study date: 2020-07-16 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03123-x sha: doc_id: 351600 cord_uid: bqw9ks4a file: cache/cord-354717-4vrqzbof.json key: cord-354717-4vrqzbof authors: Linton, Natalie M.; Kobayashi, Tetsuro; Yang, Yichi; Hayashi, Katsuma; Akhmetzhanov, Andrei R.; Jung, Sung-mok; Yuan, Baoyin; Kinoshita, Ryo; Nishiura, Hiroshi title: Incubation Period and Other Epidemiological Characteristics of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infections with Right Truncation: A Statistical Analysis of Publicly Available Case Data date: 2020-02-17 journal: J Clin Med DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020538 sha: doc_id: 354717 cord_uid: 4vrqzbof file: cache/cord-342822-d7jx06mh.json key: cord-342822-d7jx06mh authors: Izadi, N.; Taherpour, N.; Mokhayeri, Y.; Sotoodeh Ghorbani, S.; Rahmani, K.; Hashemi Nazari, S. S. title: The epidemiologic parameters for COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-05-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.02.20088385 sha: doc_id: 342822 cord_uid: d7jx06mh file: cache/cord-352030-hnm54k4r.json key: cord-352030-hnm54k4r authors: Liu, Jie; Ouyang, Liu; Guo, Pi; Wu, Hai sheng; Fu, Peng; Chen, Yu liang; Yang, Dan; Han, Xiao yu; Cao, Yu kun; Alwalid, Osamah; Tao, Juan; Peng, Shu yi; Shi, He shui; Yang, Fan; Zheng, Chuan sheng title: Epidemiological, Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Medical Staff Infected with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A Retrospective Case Series Analysis date: 2020-03-13 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.09.20033118 sha: doc_id: 352030 cord_uid: hnm54k4r file: cache/cord-353862-7xe3fvd5.json key: cord-353862-7xe3fvd5 authors: Li, Na; Han, Lefei; Peng, Min; Lv, Yuxia; Ouyang, Yin; Liu, Kui; Yue, Linli; Li, Qiannan; Sun, Guoqiang; Chen, Lin; Yang, Lin title: Maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia: a case-control study date: 2020-03-30 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa352 sha: doc_id: 353862 cord_uid: 7xe3fvd5 file: cache/cord-351567-ifoe8x28.json key: cord-351567-ifoe8x28 authors: Rabi, Firas A.; Al Zoubi, Mazhar S.; Kasasbeh, Ghena A.; Salameh, Dunia M.; Al-Nasser, Amjad D. title: SARS-CoV-2 and Coronavirus Disease 2019: What We Know So Far date: 2020-03-20 journal: Pathogens DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9030231 sha: doc_id: 351567 cord_uid: ifoe8x28 file: cache/cord-351651-6dbt99h0.json key: cord-351651-6dbt99h0 authors: Sun, Zhong; Thilakavathy, Karuppiah; Kumar, S. Suresh; He, Guozhong; Liu, Shi V. title: Potential Factors Influencing Repeated SARS Outbreaks in China date: 2020-03-03 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051633 sha: doc_id: 351651 cord_uid: 6dbt99h0 file: cache/cord-354095-4sweo53l.json key: cord-354095-4sweo53l authors: Qiu, Yun; Chen, Xi; Shi, Wei title: Impacts of social and economic factors on the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China date: 2020-05-09 journal: J Popul Econ DOI: 10.1007/s00148-020-00778-2 sha: doc_id: 354095 cord_uid: 4sweo53l file: cache/cord-344688-uu3b529c.json key: cord-344688-uu3b529c authors: Song, Xue-Jun; Xiong, Dong-Lin; Wang, Zhe-Yin; Yang, Dong; Zhou, Ling; Li, Rong-Chun title: Pain Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic in China: Lessons Learned date: 2020-04-22 journal: Pain Med DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnaa143 sha: doc_id: 344688 cord_uid: uu3b529c file: cache/cord-344423-jhdfscyw.json key: cord-344423-jhdfscyw authors: Lian, Xinbo; Huang, Jianping; Huang, Rujin; Liu, Chuwei; Wang, Lina; Zhang, Tinghan title: Impact of city lockdown on the air quality of COVID-19-hit of Wuhan city date: 2020-06-30 journal: Sci Total Environ DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140556 sha: doc_id: 344423 cord_uid: jhdfscyw file: cache/cord-350822-m3t7l9zw.json key: cord-350822-m3t7l9zw authors: Mo, Yuanyuan; Deng, Lan; Zhang, Liyan; Lang, Qiuyan; Liao, Chunyan; Wang, Nannan; Qin, Mingqin; Huang, Huiqiao title: Work stress among Chinese nurses to support Wuhan in fighting against COVID‐19 epidemic date: 2020-05-20 journal: J Nurs Manag DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13014 sha: doc_id: 350822 cord_uid: m3t7l9zw file: cache/cord-351880-iqr419fp.json key: cord-351880-iqr419fp authors: Fan, Changyu; Liu, Linping; Guo, Wei; Yang, Anuo; Ye, Chenchen; Jilili, Maitixirepu; Ren, Meina; Xu, Peng; Long, Hexing; Wang, Yufan title: Prediction of Epidemic Spread of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Driven by Spring Festival Transportation in China: A Population-Based Study date: 2020-03-04 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051679 sha: doc_id: 351880 cord_uid: iqr419fp file: cache/cord-355531-1cpli8kv.json key: cord-355531-1cpli8kv authors: LIANG, Jingbo; Yuan, Hsiang-Yu title: The impacts of diagnostic capability and prevention measures on transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in Wuhan date: 2020-04-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.31.20049387 sha: doc_id: 355531 cord_uid: 1cpli8kv file: cache/cord-350338-lcsa06gm.json key: cord-350338-lcsa06gm authors: Wang, Kun; Zuo, Peiyuan; Liu, Yuwei; Zhang, Meng; Zhao, Xiaofang; Xie, Songpu; Zhang, Hao; Chen, Xinglin; Liu, Chengyun title: Clinical and laboratory predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19: a cohort study in Wuhan, China date: 2020-05-03 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa538 sha: doc_id: 350338 cord_uid: lcsa06gm file: cache/cord-315598-qwh72inx.json key: cord-315598-qwh72inx authors: Mendoza, Jose Luis Accini; Estrada, Victor Hugo Nieto; López, Nelly Beltrán; Bolaños, Elisabeth Ramos; Franco, Daniel Molano; Castell, Carmelo Dueñas; Moreno, Albert Alexander Valencia; Amaya, Iván Camilo Alarcón; Flórez, John Serna; Valencia, Bladimir Alejandro Gil; Camilo Pizarro, G; Polo, Yulieth María Zabaleta; Meza, Carmen Lucia Chica title: ACTUALIZACION DE LA DECLARACIÓN DE CONSENSO EN MEDICINA CRITICA PARA LA ATENCIÓN MULTIDISCIPLINARIA DEL PACIENTE CON SOSPECHA O CONFIRMACIÓN DIAGNÓSTICA DE COVID-19 date: 2020-10-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.acci.2020.09.004 sha: doc_id: 315598 cord_uid: qwh72inx file: cache/cord-349276-viq01q8l.json key: cord-349276-viq01q8l authors: Shaw, Rajib; Kim, Yong-kyun; Hua, Jinling title: Governance, technology and citizen behavior in pandemic: Lessons from COVID-19 in East Asia date: 2020-04-30 journal: Progress in Disaster Science DOI: 10.1016/j.pdisas.2020.100090 sha: doc_id: 349276 cord_uid: viq01q8l Reading metadata file and updating bibliogrpahics === updating bibliographic database Building study carrel named keyword-wuhan-cord === file2bib.sh === Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexes/base.py", line 2646, in get_loc return self._engine.get_loc(key) File "pandas/_libs/index.pyx", line 111, in pandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc File "pandas/_libs/index.pyx", line 138, in pandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc File "pandas/_libs/hashtable_class_helper.pxi", line 1619, in pandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item File "pandas/_libs/hashtable_class_helper.pxi", line 1627, in pandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item KeyError: 'cord-266738-8xx1xm2d' During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.py", line 64, in if ( bibliographics.loc[ escape ,'author'] ) : author = bibliographics.loc[ escape,'author'] File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexing.py", line 1762, in __getitem__ return self._getitem_tuple(key) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexing.py", line 1272, in _getitem_tuple return self._getitem_lowerdim(tup) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexing.py", line 1389, in _getitem_lowerdim section = self._getitem_axis(key, axis=i) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexing.py", line 1965, in _getitem_axis return self._get_label(key, axis=axis) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexing.py", line 625, in _get_label return self.obj._xs(label, axis=axis) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/generic.py", line 3537, in xs loc = self.index.get_loc(key) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexes/base.py", line 2648, in get_loc return self._engine.get_loc(self._maybe_cast_indexer(key)) File "pandas/_libs/index.pyx", line 111, in pandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc File "pandas/_libs/index.pyx", line 138, in pandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc File "pandas/_libs/hashtable_class_helper.pxi", line 1619, in pandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item File "pandas/_libs/hashtable_class_helper.pxi", line 1627, in pandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item KeyError: 'cord-266738-8xx1xm2d' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 23135 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 23124 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 23368 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 23504 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 95. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 95. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 95. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 23308 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 23418 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 23456 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 23571 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 23740 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 23535 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 23560 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 94. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 23604 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 23736 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 94. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 23150 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 23997 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 23992 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 24162 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285403-h8ahn8fw author: Zhang, Liangsheng title: Origin and Evolution of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus date: 2020-02-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285403-h8ahn8fw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285403-h8ahn8fw.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-285403-h8ahn8fw.txt' /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordwrd2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable === file2bib.sh === id: cord-011558-ls6cdive author: Zhang, Jingping title: An Asymptomatic Patient with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-011558-ls6cdive.txt cache: ./cache/cord-011558-ls6cdive.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-011558-ls6cdive.txt' /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275765-58iul47s author: Yao, Wenlong title: Critical role of Wuhan cabin hospitals in controlling the local COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275765-58iul47s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275765-58iul47s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275765-58iul47s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275835-z38cgov9 author: Mogharab, Vahid title: The first case of COVID-19 infection in a 75-day-old infant in Jahrom City, south of Iran date: 2020-04-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275835-z38cgov9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275835-z38cgov9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-275835-z38cgov9.txt' /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265206-ddg87zxv author: Kanny, G. title: Maladies respiratoires, allergies et infections à COVID-19. Premières nouvelles de Wuhan date: 2020-04-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265206-ddg87zxv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265206-ddg87zxv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-265206-ddg87zxv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267574-etnjo4nz author: Zhao, Shi title: The association between domestic train transportation and novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak in China from 2019 to 2020: A data-driven correlational report date: 2020-02-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267574-etnjo4nz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267574-etnjo4nz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-267574-etnjo4nz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285153-schpgyo0 author: Lin, Chen title: COVID-19 pneumonia patient without clear epidemiological history outside Wuhan: An analysis of the radiographic and clinical features date: 2020-04-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285153-schpgyo0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285153-schpgyo0.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-285153-schpgyo0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262693-z9dolxky author: Nishiura, Hiroshi title: Initial Cluster of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Infections in Wuhan, China Is Consistent with Substantial Human-to-Human Transmission date: 2020-02-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262693-z9dolxky.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262693-z9dolxky.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-262693-z9dolxky.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281102-ohbm78it author: Gutzeit, Andreas title: What can European radiologists learn from the outbreak of COVID-19 in China? A discussion with a radiologist from Wuhan date: 2020-04-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281102-ohbm78it.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281102-ohbm78it.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-281102-ohbm78it.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294385-6dlgv3tb author: Tong, Xin title: Surveillance of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection among frontline health care workers in Wuhan during COVID‐19 outbreak date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294385-6dlgv3tb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294385-6dlgv3tb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-294385-6dlgv3tb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261079-rarud78k author: Meng, Mei title: Rapidly organize redeployed medical staff in coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: what we should do date: 2020-09-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261079-rarud78k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261079-rarud78k.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-261079-rarud78k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-031001-x4iiqq5e author: Hou, Fan Fan title: Personnel protection strategy for healthcare workers in Wuhan during the COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-031001-x4iiqq5e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-031001-x4iiqq5e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-031001-x4iiqq5e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257556-lmws8eed author: Rafiq, Danish title: Three months of COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257556-lmws8eed.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257556-lmws8eed.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-257556-lmws8eed.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287515-oe7adj91 author: Rello, Jordi title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A critical care perspective beyond China date: 2020-03-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287515-oe7adj91.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287515-oe7adj91.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-287515-oe7adj91.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273209-ou80n3p3 author: Zheng, Fang title: Clinical Characteristics of Children with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Hubei, China date: 2020-03-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273209-ou80n3p3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273209-ou80n3p3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-273209-ou80n3p3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290758-kz0qfy3r author: Hui, David S. title: The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health — The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China date: 2020-02-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290758-kz0qfy3r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290758-kz0qfy3r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-290758-kz0qfy3r.txt' === file2bib.sh === Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexes/base.py", line 2646, in get_loc return self._engine.get_loc(key) File "pandas/_libs/index.pyx", line 111, in pandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc File "pandas/_libs/index.pyx", line 138, in pandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc File "pandas/_libs/hashtable_class_helper.pxi", line 1619, in pandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item File "pandas/_libs/hashtable_class_helper.pxi", line 1627, in pandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item KeyError: 'cord-324559-p92y5er2' During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.py", line 64, in if ( bibliographics.loc[ escape ,'author'] ) : author = bibliographics.loc[ escape,'author'] File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexing.py", line 1762, in __getitem__ return self._getitem_tuple(key) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexing.py", line 1272, in _getitem_tuple return self._getitem_lowerdim(tup) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexing.py", line 1389, in _getitem_lowerdim section = self._getitem_axis(key, axis=i) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexing.py", line 1965, in _getitem_axis return self._get_label(key, axis=axis) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexing.py", line 625, in _get_label return self.obj._xs(label, axis=axis) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/generic.py", line 3537, in xs loc = self.index.get_loc(key) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexes/base.py", line 2648, in get_loc return self._engine.get_loc(self._maybe_cast_indexer(key)) File "pandas/_libs/index.pyx", line 111, in pandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc File "pandas/_libs/index.pyx", line 138, in pandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc File "pandas/_libs/hashtable_class_helper.pxi", line 1619, in pandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item File "pandas/_libs/hashtable_class_helper.pxi", line 1627, in pandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item KeyError: 'cord-324559-p92y5er2' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029550-qodmamov author: Jandrić, Petar title: Review of Fang Fang (2020). Wuhan Diary: Dispatches from a Quarantined City. Trans. M. Berry: New York: HarperCollins. 377 pp. ISBN 9780063052659 (E-Book) date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029550-qodmamov.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029550-qodmamov.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-029550-qodmamov.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273064-c58nf9vb author: Hallowell, Benjamin D. title: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Prevalence, Seroprevalence, and Exposure among Evacuees from Wuhan, China, 2020 date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273064-c58nf9vb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273064-c58nf9vb.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-273064-c58nf9vb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279569-289fu2yb author: Lei, Yu title: Clinical features of imported cases of coronavirus disease 2019 in Tibetan patients in the Plateau area date: 2020-03-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279569-289fu2yb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279569-289fu2yb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-279569-289fu2yb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288432-n2y9cunc author: Liu, Kun title: Population movement, city closure in Wuhan and geographical expansion of the 2019-nCoV pneumonia infection in China in January 2020 date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288432-n2y9cunc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288432-n2y9cunc.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-288432-n2y9cunc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254538-vcf44w1k author: Rocha Filho, C. R. title: PROGNOSTIC FACTORS FOR CLINICAL COURSE OF PATIENTS WITH COVID-19: PROTOCOL FOR A RAPID LIVING SYSTEMATIC REVIEW date: 2020-05-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254538-vcf44w1k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254538-vcf44w1k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254538-vcf44w1k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252804-u7tz6xzz author: Ciotti, Marco title: COVID-19 Outbreak: An Overview date: 2020-04-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252804-u7tz6xzz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252804-u7tz6xzz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-252804-u7tz6xzz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279415-s823mver author: Guo, Xiaodong title: Survey of COVID-19 Disease Among Orthopaedic Surgeons in Wuhan, People’s Republic of China date: 2020-04-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279415-s823mver.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279415-s823mver.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-279415-s823mver.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278638-2dm54f6l author: Huang, Ian title: Lymphopenia in severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-05-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278638-2dm54f6l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278638-2dm54f6l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-278638-2dm54f6l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277430-x02u7oh0 author: Zhang, Hongyan title: Outcomes of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection in 107 patients with cancer from Wuhan, China date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277430-x02u7oh0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277430-x02u7oh0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-277430-x02u7oh0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029100-gxn15jgt author: Clark, Anthony E. title: Conclusion date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029100-gxn15jgt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029100-gxn15jgt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-029100-gxn15jgt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255905-ti9b1etu author: Qiu, Chengfeng title: Transmission and clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in 104 outside-Wuhan patients, China date: 2020-03-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255905-ti9b1etu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255905-ti9b1etu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-255905-ti9b1etu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266963-belin2jq author: Cowling, Benjamin J title: Epidemiological research priorities for public health control of the ongoing global novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak date: 2020-02-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266963-belin2jq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266963-belin2jq.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266963-belin2jq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280970-gy0kfhy6 author: Peng, Fujun title: Management and Treatment of COVID-19: The Chinese Experience date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280970-gy0kfhy6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280970-gy0kfhy6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280970-gy0kfhy6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267548-7mcfehzc author: Mizumoto, Kenji title: Estimating Risk for Death from Coronavirus Disease, China, January–February 2020 date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267548-7mcfehzc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267548-7mcfehzc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-267548-7mcfehzc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287499-zcizdc7s author: Thompson, Hayley A title: SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence on repatriation flights from Wuhan City, China date: 2020-08-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287499-zcizdc7s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287499-zcizdc7s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-287499-zcizdc7s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259368-k8t8brjy author: Ren, Xiang title: Evidence for pre‐symptomatic transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in China date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259368-k8t8brjy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259368-k8t8brjy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-259368-k8t8brjy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254968-czrgzyr3 author: Zhang, Qiang title: A serological survey of SARS-CoV-2 in cat in Wuhan date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254968-czrgzyr3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254968-czrgzyr3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254968-czrgzyr3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282652-2w3bx6p8 author: Sun, Haoyang title: Estimating number of global importations of COVID-19 from Wuhan, risk of transmission outside mainland China and COVID-19 introduction index between countries outside mainland China date: 2020-02-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282652-2w3bx6p8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282652-2w3bx6p8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-282652-2w3bx6p8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258113-mnou31j3 author: Wang, Yaping title: Clinical Characteristics of Patients Infected With the Novel 2019 Coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) in Guangzhou, China date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258113-mnou31j3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258113-mnou31j3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258113-mnou31j3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291583-1nxfh9yt author: Zhou, Hongmei title: Understanding the current status of patients with pulmonary hypertension during COVID-19 outbreak: a small-scale national survey from China date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291583-1nxfh9yt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291583-1nxfh9yt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-291583-1nxfh9yt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279976-juz9jnfk author: Xie, Mingxuan title: Insight into 2019 novel coronavirus — an updated intrim review and lessons from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV date: 2020-04-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279976-juz9jnfk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279976-juz9jnfk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-279976-juz9jnfk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280786-944pn0k9 author: Wang, Chaolong title: Evolving Epidemiology and Impact of Non-pharmaceutical Interventions on the Outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-03-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280786-944pn0k9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280786-944pn0k9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280786-944pn0k9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258748-nzynerfu author: Li, Jinghua title: Estimation of the epidemic properties of the 2019 novel coronavirus: A mathematical modeling study date: 2020-02-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258748-nzynerfu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258748-nzynerfu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-258748-nzynerfu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285315-7r44j3q9 author: Bein, Berthold title: SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: Empfehlungen zu Diagnostik und Therapie date: 2020-04-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285315-7r44j3q9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285315-7r44j3q9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285315-7r44j3q9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259149-svryhcgy author: Su, Yue title: Examining the Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown in Wuhan and Lombardy: A Psycholinguistic Analysis on Weibo and Twitter date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259149-svryhcgy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259149-svryhcgy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-259149-svryhcgy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273692-jwqrfb6h author: Golinelli, D. title: The impact of early scientific literature in response to COVID-19: a scientometric perspective date: 2020-04-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273692-jwqrfb6h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273692-jwqrfb6h.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-273692-jwqrfb6h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283891-m36un1y2 author: Hu, Bisong title: First, second and potential third generation spreads of the COVID-19 epidemic in mainland China: an early exploratory study incorporating location-based service data of mobile devices date: 2020-05-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283891-m36un1y2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283891-m36un1y2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283891-m36un1y2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285502-rvv64190 author: Yang, Lie title: Emergency response to the explosive growth of health care wastes during COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan, China date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285502-rvv64190.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285502-rvv64190.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-285502-rvv64190.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284890-s73hljz9 author: Kang, Lijun title: Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study date: 2020-03-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284890-s73hljz9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284890-s73hljz9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-284890-s73hljz9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-027758-vgr6ht3a author: Wang, Tianbing title: A four-compartment model for the COVID-19 infection—implications on infection kinetics, control measures, and lockdown exit strategies date: 2020-05-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-027758-vgr6ht3a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-027758-vgr6ht3a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-027758-vgr6ht3a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-136515-e0j2iruo author: Xue, Ling title: A Data-Driven Network Model for the Emerging COVID-19 Epidemics in Wuhan, Toronto and Italy date: 2020-05-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-136515-e0j2iruo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-136515-e0j2iruo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-136515-e0j2iruo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285772-4xt4anq5 author: Huang, Rui title: Clinical findings of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Jiangsu province, China: A retrospective, multi-center study date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285772-4xt4anq5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285772-4xt4anq5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285772-4xt4anq5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284393-s9qp9a4e author: Wei, Yiping title: Clinical characteristics of 276 hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Zengdu District, Hubei Province: a single-center descriptive study date: 2020-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284393-s9qp9a4e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284393-s9qp9a4e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-284393-s9qp9a4e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262104-oig3qrr7 author: Brüssow, Harald title: COVID‐19: Test, Trace and Isolate‐New Epidemiological Data date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262104-oig3qrr7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262104-oig3qrr7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-262104-oig3qrr7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280892-net44oxu author: Zhan, Yu-xin title: Prevalence and Influencing Factors on Fatigue of First-line Nurses Combating with COVID-19 in China: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280892-net44oxu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280892-net44oxu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280892-net44oxu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261246-m40kwgcg author: Chen, Nanshan title: Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study date: 2020-01-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261246-m40kwgcg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261246-m40kwgcg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-261246-m40kwgcg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287222-wojyisu0 author: Zhou, Min title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a clinical update date: 2020-04-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287222-wojyisu0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287222-wojyisu0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-287222-wojyisu0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-103533-k1lg8c7q author: Jin, C. title: Development and Evaluation of an AI System for COVID-19 date: 2020-03-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-103533-k1lg8c7q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-103533-k1lg8c7q.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-103533-k1lg8c7q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030934-t7akdu6x author: Bahrami, Afsane title: Genetic and pathogenic characterization of SARS-CoV-2: a review date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030934-t7akdu6x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030934-t7akdu6x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-030934-t7akdu6x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275853-fym8qze2 author: Yang, Juan title: Disease burden and clinical severity of the first pandemic wave of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275853-fym8qze2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275853-fym8qze2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-275853-fym8qze2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304710-gjb6zo81 author: Khan, S. title: Novel coronavirus: how things are in Wuhan date: 2020-02-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304710-gjb6zo81.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304710-gjb6zo81.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304710-gjb6zo81.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283985-8mdnkegz author: Yang, Chayu title: A mathematical model for the novel coronavirus epidemic in Wuhan, China date: 2020-03-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283985-8mdnkegz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283985-8mdnkegz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283985-8mdnkegz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289451-yjrh5l4u author: Xiao, Huidi title: Social Distancing among Medical Students during the 2019 Coronavirus Disease Pandemic in China: Disease Awareness, Anxiety Disorder, Depression, and Behavioral Activities date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289451-yjrh5l4u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289451-yjrh5l4u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289451-yjrh5l4u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297168-t6zf5k99 author: Brüssow, Harald title: The Novel Coronavirus – A Snapshot of Current Knowledge date: 2020-03-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297168-t6zf5k99.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297168-t6zf5k99.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-297168-t6zf5k99.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298881-u6uqroi0 author: Huang, Ian title: Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased mortality and severity of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia – A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression() date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298881-u6uqroi0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298881-u6uqroi0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-298881-u6uqroi0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283048-hyjzofps author: Steele, Edward J. title: Origin of new emergent Coronavirus and Candida fungal diseases—Terrestrial or cosmic? date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283048-hyjzofps.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283048-hyjzofps.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283048-hyjzofps.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305213-bt0qsbyf author: Zhou, Jian title: Epidemiological and clinical features of 201 COVID-19 patients in Changsha city, Hunan, China date: 2020-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305213-bt0qsbyf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305213-bt0qsbyf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-305213-bt0qsbyf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297552-n4uvsi3v author: Zou, Li title: Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Disease Severity and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297552-n4uvsi3v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297552-n4uvsi3v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-297552-n4uvsi3v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269453-30l6rzgo author: Yang, Po title: Feasibility study of mitigation and suppression strategies for controlling COVID-19 outbreaks in London and Wuhan date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269453-30l6rzgo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269453-30l6rzgo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-269453-30l6rzgo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292537-9ra4r6v6 author: Liu, Fenglin title: Predicting and analyzing the COVID-19 epidemic in China: Based on SEIRD, LSTM and GWR models date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292537-9ra4r6v6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292537-9ra4r6v6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-292537-9ra4r6v6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278325-ykcd7d59 author: Cheung, Carmen Ka Man title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Haematologist's Perspective date: 2020-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278325-ykcd7d59.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278325-ykcd7d59.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-278325-ykcd7d59.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295386-voeptwrw author: Liu, J. title: Analysis of Collective Response Reveals that COVID-19-Related Activities Start From the End of 2019 in Mainland China date: 2020-10-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295386-voeptwrw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295386-voeptwrw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-295386-voeptwrw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286854-0s7oq0uv author: Jin, Xi title: Virus strain from a mild COVID-19 patient in Hangzhou represents a new trend in SARS-CoV-2 evolution potentially related to Furin cleavage site date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286854-0s7oq0uv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286854-0s7oq0uv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286854-0s7oq0uv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301633-t8s4s0wo author: Gralinski, Lisa E. title: Return of the Coronavirus: 2019-nCoV date: 2020-01-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301633-t8s4s0wo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301633-t8s4s0wo.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-301633-t8s4s0wo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282058-it0ojdk3 author: Yu, Yuanqiang title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Neonates and Children From China: A Review date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282058-it0ojdk3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282058-it0ojdk3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282058-it0ojdk3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309569-b9jcgx4s author: Lin, Qiu-Shi title: Further explanations for the eq. (3) in “Estimating the daily trend in the size of the COVID-19 infected population in Wuhan” date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309569-b9jcgx4s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309569-b9jcgx4s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-309569-b9jcgx4s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305054-4d84b2g6 author: Liu, Yuan title: The selection of reference genome and the search for the origin of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305054-4d84b2g6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305054-4d84b2g6.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-305054-4d84b2g6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296182-hhswage4 author: Meng, Lingzhong title: Intubation and Ventilation amid the COVID-19 Outbreak: Wuhan’s Experience date: 2020-04-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296182-hhswage4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296182-hhswage4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-296182-hhswage4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337809-bxvgr6qg author: Xiong, Yong title: Family cluster of three recovered cases of pneumonia due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337809-bxvgr6qg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337809-bxvgr6qg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-337809-bxvgr6qg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310676-125o0o7x author: Liu, Qibin title: Prediction of the clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients using T lymphocyte subsets with 340 cases from Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study and a web visualization tool date: 2020-04-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310676-125o0o7x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310676-125o0o7x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-310676-125o0o7x.txt' === file2bib.sh === /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: fork: retry: No child processes id: cord-309001-erm705tg author: Liu, Q. title: Laboratory findings and a combined multifactorial approach to predict death in critically ill patients with COVID-19: a retrospective study date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309001-erm705tg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309001-erm705tg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309001-erm705tg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315525-u8goc7io author: Backer, Jantien A. title: The incubation period of 2019-nCoV infections among travellers from Wuhan, China date: 2020-01-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315525-u8goc7io.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315525-u8goc7io.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-315525-u8goc7io.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298899-lkrmg5qr author: Xie, Yewei title: Epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory findings of the COVID-19 in the current pandemic: systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298899-lkrmg5qr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298899-lkrmg5qr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-298899-lkrmg5qr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314273-xhnv5cje author: Lytras, Theodore title: Estimating the ascertainment rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China: implications for management of the global outbreak date: 2020-03-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314273-xhnv5cje.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314273-xhnv5cje.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-314273-xhnv5cje.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304490-q9ab1pji author: Iqbal, Najaf title: Nexus between COVID-19, temperature and exchange rate in Wuhan City: New findings from Partial and Multiple Wavelet Coherence date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304490-q9ab1pji.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304490-q9ab1pji.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-304490-q9ab1pji.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336963-evjmz49u author: Chen, Dong title: Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in a high transmission setting increases the risk of severe COVID-19 compared to exposure to a low transmission setting? date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336963-evjmz49u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336963-evjmz49u.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-336963-evjmz49u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320930-9yiu0080 author: Liu, Zeming title: Association Between Diabetes and COVID-19: A Retrospective Observational Study With a Large Sample of 1,880 Cases in Leishenshan Hospital, Wuhan date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320930-9yiu0080.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320930-9yiu0080.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-320930-9yiu0080.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309478-yhmgopmr author: Jin, Ying-Hui title: Perceived infection transmission routes, infection control practices, psychosocial changes, and management of COVID-19 infected healthcare workers in a tertiary acute care hospital in Wuhan: a cross-sectional survey date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309478-yhmgopmr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309478-yhmgopmr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309478-yhmgopmr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304418-k9owyolj author: Le Maréchal, M. title: COVID-19 in clinical practice: a narrative synthesis date: 2020-09-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304418-k9owyolj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304418-k9owyolj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-304418-k9owyolj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306373-61snvddh author: Xu, Xiao-Wei title: Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series date: 2020-02-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306373-61snvddh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306373-61snvddh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-306373-61snvddh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323481-uz6usokd author: Wang, Yixuan title: Unique epidemiological and clinical features of the emerging 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID‐19) implicate special control measures date: 2020-03-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323481-uz6usokd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323481-uz6usokd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-323481-uz6usokd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259229-e8m8m4ut author: Samidurai, Arun title: Cardiovascular Complications Associated with COVID-19 and Potential Therapeutic Strategies date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259229-e8m8m4ut.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259229-e8m8m4ut.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-259229-e8m8m4ut.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316757-p370gjjn author: Kofi Ayittey, Foster title: Updates on Wuhan 2019 novel coronavirus epidemic date: 2020-02-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316757-p370gjjn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316757-p370gjjn.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-316757-p370gjjn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321727-xyowl659 author: Wang, Lishi title: Real-time estimation and prediction of mortality caused by COVID-19 with patient information based algorithm date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321727-xyowl659.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321727-xyowl659.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-321727-xyowl659.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336546-wcxqn5z2 author: Xi, Aiqi title: Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of discharged patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 on the Qinghai plateau date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336546-wcxqn5z2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336546-wcxqn5z2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336546-wcxqn5z2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306189-ugxou9z1 author: Bherwani, Hemant title: Valuation of air pollution externalities: comparative assessment of economic damage and emission reduction under COVID-19 lockdown date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306189-ugxou9z1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306189-ugxou9z1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-306189-ugxou9z1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352797-xuaqump9 author: Bian, Xiaoen title: Influence of Asymptomatic Carriers With COVID-19 on Transplantation Resumption in Wuhan date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352797-xuaqump9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352797-xuaqump9.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-352797-xuaqump9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319770-ddq2q1pg author: Wen, Ying title: Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in Shenzhen, the largest migrant city of China date: 2020-03-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319770-ddq2q1pg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319770-ddq2q1pg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-319770-ddq2q1pg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-119576-8qp8o2g2 author: Xu, Liyan title: Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Antiepidemic Policies and Global Situation Assessment of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-119576-8qp8o2g2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-119576-8qp8o2g2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-119576-8qp8o2g2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311585-h4holhit author: Ling, R. title: Seroprevalence and epidemiological characteristics of immunoglobulin M and G antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic people in Wuhan, China date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311585-h4holhit.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311585-h4holhit.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-311585-h4holhit.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344480-6tcush4w author: Zhou, Guangbiao title: Back to the spring of Wuhan: facts and hope of COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-03-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344480-6tcush4w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344480-6tcush4w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-344480-6tcush4w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337324-jxtch47t author: Qian, Guo-Qing title: Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics of 91 Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Zhejiang, China: A retrospective, multi-centre case series date: 2020-02-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337324-jxtch47t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337324-jxtch47t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-337324-jxtch47t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340369-y8o5j2be author: Zhang, Juanjuan title: Age profile of susceptibility, mixing, and social distancing shape the dynamics of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in China date: 2020-03-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340369-y8o5j2be.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340369-y8o5j2be.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-340369-y8o5j2be.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339044-qy4jab37 author: Li, Man title: Analysis of the Risk Factors for Mortality in Adult COVID-19 Patients in Wuhan: A Multicenter Study date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339044-qy4jab37.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339044-qy4jab37.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-339044-qy4jab37.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342268-azi9i2a8 author: Zhao, Shi title: Quantifying the association between domestic travel and the exportation of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) cases from Wuhan, China in 2020: a correlational analysis date: 2020-02-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342268-azi9i2a8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342268-azi9i2a8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342268-azi9i2a8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338001-jig46hsk author: Ong, Jacqueline S. M. title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Critically Ill Children: A Narrative Review of the Literature date: 2020-04-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338001-jig46hsk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338001-jig46hsk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338001-jig46hsk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333226-o23da4x2 author: Wang, Yuke title: Strongly Heterogeneous Transmission of COVID-19 in Mainland China: Local and Regional Variation date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333226-o23da4x2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333226-o23da4x2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-333226-o23da4x2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347257-s0w95qdn author: Kraemer, Moritz U. G. title: The effect of human mobility and control measures on the COVID-19 epidemic in China date: 2020-03-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347257-s0w95qdn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347257-s0w95qdn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-347257-s0w95qdn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335460-g8rsiiy7 author: Wu, Yu-ping title: CT manifestations of the coronavirus disease 2019 of imported infection versus second-generation infection in patients outside the original district (Wuhan, China) of this disease: An observational study date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335460-g8rsiiy7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335460-g8rsiiy7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-335460-g8rsiiy7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325012-yjay3t38 author: Chen, Ze-Liang title: Distribution of the COVID-19 epidemic and correlation with population emigration from Wuhan, China date: 2020-02-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325012-yjay3t38.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325012-yjay3t38.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-325012-yjay3t38.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320955-xhp96abg author: Allam, Zaheer title: The First 50 days of COVID-19: A Detailed Chronological Timeline and Extensive Review of Literature Documenting the Pandemic date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320955-xhp96abg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320955-xhp96abg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-320955-xhp96abg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339743-jxj10857 author: Liu, H. title: Synchronized travel restrictions across cities can be effective in COVID-19 control date: 2020-04-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339743-jxj10857.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339743-jxj10857.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-339743-jxj10857.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348327-rgikd4g8 author: Ueyama, Hiroki title: Gender Difference Is Associated With Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection: An Insight From a Meta-Analysis date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348327-rgikd4g8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348327-rgikd4g8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348327-rgikd4g8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325032-3x5wklr4 author: Jiang, Shanhe title: Semiformal Organizations and Control During the COVID-19 Crisis in China date: 2020-10-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325032-3x5wklr4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325032-3x5wklr4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325032-3x5wklr4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341135-gmi1ewc2 author: Kucharski, Adam J title: Early dynamics of transmission and control of COVID-19: a mathematical modelling study date: 2020-02-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341135-gmi1ewc2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341135-gmi1ewc2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-341135-gmi1ewc2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314311-xbpb9nfi author: Ge, Huipeng title: The epidemiology and clinical information about COVID-19 date: 2020-04-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314311-xbpb9nfi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314311-xbpb9nfi.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-314311-xbpb9nfi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345724-6u9q0ox9 author: Zhu, Xiaolin title: Spatially Explicit Modeling of 2019-nCoV Epidemic Trend based on Mobile Phone Data in Mainland China date: 2020-02-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345724-6u9q0ox9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345724-6u9q0ox9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-345724-6u9q0ox9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338231-uni4aqxo author: Shi, Puyu title: Clinical characteristics of imported and second-generation coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Shaanxi outside Wuhan, China: a multicentre retrospective study date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338231-uni4aqxo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338231-uni4aqxo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-338231-uni4aqxo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312399-7oaerpee author: Park, Joo-Hyun title: The Clinical Manifestations and Chest Computed Tomography Findings of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients in China: A Proportion Meta-Analysis date: 2020-05-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312399-7oaerpee.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312399-7oaerpee.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-312399-7oaerpee.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347204-cafr7f38 author: Yuan, Zheming title: Modelling the effects of Wuhan’s lockdown during COVID-19, China date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347204-cafr7f38.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347204-cafr7f38.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-347204-cafr7f38.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326721-2v5wkjrq author: Xiao, Wenlei title: A Cybernetics-based Dynamic Infection Model for Analyzing SARS-COV-2 Infection Stability and Predicting Uncontrollable Risks date: 2020-03-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326721-2v5wkjrq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326721-2v5wkjrq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326721-2v5wkjrq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327716-ehm4fgos author: Zhou, Can title: Evaluating new evidence in the early dynamics of the novel coronavirus COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China with real time domestic traffic and potential asymptomatic transmissions date: 2020-02-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327716-ehm4fgos.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327716-ehm4fgos.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327716-ehm4fgos.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323882-127c5bve author: Yu, Wen-Bin title: Decoding the evolution and transmissions of the novel pneumonia coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 / HCoV-19) using whole genomic data date: 2020-05-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323882-127c5bve.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323882-127c5bve.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-323882-127c5bve.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328859-qx7kvn0u author: Zhu, Hongjun title: Transmission Dynamics and Control Methodology of COVID-19: a Modeling Study date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328859-qx7kvn0u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328859-qx7kvn0u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-328859-qx7kvn0u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327096-m87tapjp author: Peng, Liangrong title: Epidemic analysis of COVID-19 in China by dynamical modeling date: 2020-02-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327096-m87tapjp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327096-m87tapjp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327096-m87tapjp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350822-m3t7l9zw author: Mo, Yuanyuan title: Work stress among Chinese nurses to support Wuhan in fighting against COVID‐19 epidemic date: 2020-05-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350822-m3t7l9zw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350822-m3t7l9zw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-350822-m3t7l9zw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332387-rmmmhrjy author: Ma, Chang-Jin title: Air Quality Variation in Wuhan, Daegu, and Tokyo during the Explosive Outbreak of COVID-19 and Its Health Effects date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332387-rmmmhrjy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332387-rmmmhrjy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-332387-rmmmhrjy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351167-4gpq5syb author: Koenig, Kristi L. title: 2019-nCoV: The Identify-Isolate-Inform (3I) Tool Applied to a Novel Emerging Coronavirus date: 2020-01-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351167-4gpq5syb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351167-4gpq5syb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351167-4gpq5syb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342822-d7jx06mh author: Izadi, N. title: The epidemiologic parameters for COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342822-d7jx06mh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342822-d7jx06mh.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342822-d7jx06mh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321358-plxz5mkg author: Zheng, Jun title: SARS-CoV-2: an Emerging Coronavirus that Causes a Global Threat date: 2020-03-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321358-plxz5mkg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321358-plxz5mkg.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-321358-plxz5mkg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306690-s5mxes4r author: Shangguan, Ziheng title: What Caused the Outbreak of COVID-19 in China: From the Perspective of Crisis Management date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306690-s5mxes4r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306690-s5mxes4r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-306690-s5mxes4r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314591-ylokznn5 author: Quilty, Billy J. title: The effect of travel restrictions on the geographical spread of COVID-19 between large cities in China: a modelling study date: 2020-08-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314591-ylokznn5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314591-ylokznn5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-314591-ylokznn5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305422-t8azymo7 author: Yi, Ye title: COVID-19: what has been learned and to be learned about the novel coronavirus disease date: 2020-03-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305422-t8azymo7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305422-t8azymo7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-305422-t8azymo7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342012-1w3x0g42 author: Wu, Joseph T. title: Estimating clinical severity of COVID-19 from the transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China date: 2020-03-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342012-1w3x0g42.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342012-1w3x0g42.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-342012-1w3x0g42.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344688-uu3b529c author: Song, Xue-Jun title: Pain Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic in China: Lessons Learned date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344688-uu3b529c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344688-uu3b529c.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-344688-uu3b529c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328687-clr1e9p6 author: Zhou, Fuling title: Tracing asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers among 3674 hospital staff:a cross-sectional survey date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328687-clr1e9p6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328687-clr1e9p6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-328687-clr1e9p6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286683-mettlmhz author: Ortiz-Prado, Esteban title: Clinical, molecular and epidemiological characterization of the SARS-CoV2 virus and the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a comprehensive literature review date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286683-mettlmhz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286683-mettlmhz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-286683-mettlmhz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328787-r0i3zo6t author: Xue, Ling title: A data-driven network model for the emerging COVID-19 epidemics in Wuhan, Toronto and Italy date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328787-r0i3zo6t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328787-r0i3zo6t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-328787-r0i3zo6t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326804-5psqro9d author: Wei, Chen title: The focus and timing of COVID-19 pandemic control measures under healthcare resource constraints date: 2020-04-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326804-5psqro9d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326804-5psqro9d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-326804-5psqro9d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353862-7xe3fvd5 author: Li, Na title: Maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia: a case-control study date: 2020-03-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353862-7xe3fvd5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353862-7xe3fvd5.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-353862-7xe3fvd5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354717-4vrqzbof author: Linton, Natalie M. title: Incubation Period and Other Epidemiological Characteristics of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infections with Right Truncation: A Statistical Analysis of Publicly Available Case Data date: 2020-02-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354717-4vrqzbof.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354717-4vrqzbof.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354717-4vrqzbof.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352509-qrzt4zva author: Chen, Haohui title: Social distance and SARS memory: impact on the public awareness of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak date: 2020-03-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352509-qrzt4zva.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352509-qrzt4zva.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-352509-qrzt4zva.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351600-bqw9ks4a author: Zhang, Shuai title: Development and validation of a risk factor-based system to predict short-term survival in adult hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a multicenter, retrospective, cohort study date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351600-bqw9ks4a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351600-bqw9ks4a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-351600-bqw9ks4a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350338-lcsa06gm author: Wang, Kun title: Clinical and laboratory predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19: a cohort study in Wuhan, China date: 2020-05-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350338-lcsa06gm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350338-lcsa06gm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350338-lcsa06gm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284376-plwyjhl8 author: Fu, Xinmiao title: Simulating and forecasting the cumulative confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 in China by Boltzmann function-based regression analyses date: 2020-05-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284376-plwyjhl8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284376-plwyjhl8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284376-plwyjhl8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333581-icp0xwhx author: Aziz, Muhammad title: Gastrointestinal predictors of severe COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333581-icp0xwhx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333581-icp0xwhx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-333581-icp0xwhx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355531-1cpli8kv author: LIANG, Jingbo title: The impacts of diagnostic capability and prevention measures on transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in Wuhan date: 2020-04-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355531-1cpli8kv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355531-1cpli8kv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355531-1cpli8kv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351651-6dbt99h0 author: Sun, Zhong title: Potential Factors Influencing Repeated SARS Outbreaks in China date: 2020-03-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351651-6dbt99h0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351651-6dbt99h0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351651-6dbt99h0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352030-hnm54k4r author: Liu, Jie title: Epidemiological, Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Medical Staff Infected with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A Retrospective Case Series Analysis date: 2020-03-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352030-hnm54k4r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352030-hnm54k4r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-352030-hnm54k4r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344423-jhdfscyw author: Lian, Xinbo title: Impact of city lockdown on the air quality of COVID-19-hit of Wuhan city date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344423-jhdfscyw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344423-jhdfscyw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-344423-jhdfscyw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343767-nnx8adtl author: Liu, Ziyuan title: Path Optimization of Medical Waste Transport Routes in the Emergent Public Health Event of COVID-19: A Hybrid Optimization Algorithm Based on the Immune–Ant Colony Algorithm date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343767-nnx8adtl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343767-nnx8adtl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-343767-nnx8adtl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351567-ifoe8x28 author: Rabi, Firas A. title: SARS-CoV-2 and Coronavirus Disease 2019: What We Know So Far date: 2020-03-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351567-ifoe8x28.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351567-ifoe8x28.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-351567-ifoe8x28.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316990-kz9782rj author: Han, Xuehua title: Using Social Media to Mine and Analyze Public Opinion Related to COVID-19 in China date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316990-kz9782rj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316990-kz9782rj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316990-kz9782rj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355528-y4a1g6km author: Balla, Mamtha title: COVID-19, Modern Pandemic: A Systematic Review From Front-Line Health Care Providers’ Perspective date: 2020-03-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355528-y4a1g6km.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355528-y4a1g6km.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355528-y4a1g6km.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317465-ucwuptgg author: FANG, H. title: Human Mobility Restrictions and the Spread of the Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China date: 2020-03-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317465-ucwuptgg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317465-ucwuptgg.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-317465-ucwuptgg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343715-y594iewi author: Gavriatopoulou, Maria title: Organ-specific manifestations of COVID-19 infection date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343715-y594iewi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343715-y594iewi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-343715-y594iewi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351880-iqr419fp author: Fan, Changyu title: Prediction of Epidemic Spread of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Driven by Spring Festival Transportation in China: A Population-Based Study date: 2020-03-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351880-iqr419fp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351880-iqr419fp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351880-iqr419fp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349276-viq01q8l author: Shaw, Rajib title: Governance, technology and citizen behavior in pandemic: Lessons from COVID-19 in East Asia date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349276-viq01q8l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349276-viq01q8l.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-349276-viq01q8l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320953-1st77mvh author: Overton, ChristopherE. title: Using statistics and mathematical modelling to understand infectious disease outbreaks: COVID-19 as an example date: 2020-07-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320953-1st77mvh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320953-1st77mvh.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-320953-1st77mvh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354095-4sweo53l author: Qiu, Yun title: Impacts of social and economic factors on the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China date: 2020-05-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354095-4sweo53l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354095-4sweo53l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-354095-4sweo53l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279255-v861kk0i author: Dhama, Kuldeep title: Coronavirus Disease 2019–COVID-19 date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279255-v861kk0i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279255-v861kk0i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-279255-v861kk0i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333262-xvfl7ycj author: Robson, B. title: COVID-19 Coronavirus spike protein analysis for synthetic vaccines, a peptidomimetic antagonist, and therapeutic drugs, and analysis of a proposed achilles’ heel conserved region to minimize probability of escape mutations and drug resistance date: 2020-04-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333262-xvfl7ycj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333262-xvfl7ycj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-333262-xvfl7ycj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315598-qwh72inx author: Mendoza, Jose Luis Accini title: ACTUALIZACION DE LA DECLARACIÓN DE CONSENSO EN MEDICINA CRITICA PARA LA ATENCIÓN MULTIDISCIPLINARIA DEL PACIENTE CON SOSPECHA O CONFIRMACIÓN DIAGNÓSTICA DE COVID-19 date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315598-qwh72inx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315598-qwh72inx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 17 resourceName b'cord-315598-qwh72inx.txt' Que is empty; done keyword-wuhan-cord === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-011558-ls6cdive author = Zhang, Jingping title = An Asymptomatic Patient with COVID-19 date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 204 sentences = 17 flesch = 54 summary = key: cord-011558-ls6cdive authors: Zhang, Jingping; Du, Yonghao; Bai, Lu; Pu, Jiantao; Jin, Chenwang; Yang, Jian; Guo, Youmin cord_uid: ls6cdive Our case verified the asymptomatic infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as previously reported (3, 4) and suggested that 1) the transmission of COVID-19 seemingly could occur during the incubation period and may cause a potential threat to public health, and 2) the CT examination is very helpful for the early diagnosis of COVID-19 because the abnormalities (e.g., unilateral or bilateral subpleural multifocal ground-glass opacities of the lungs) associated with COVID-19 could be visualized on CT while subjects remain asymptomatic (5) . n Author disclosures are available with the text of this article at www.atsjournals.org. Novel Wuhan (2019-nCoV) coronavirus A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-toperson transmission: a study of a family cluster Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study cache = ./cache/cord-011558-ls6cdive.txt txt = ./txt/cord-011558-ls6cdive.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252804-u7tz6xzz author = Ciotti, Marco title = COVID-19 Outbreak: An Overview date = 2020-04-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3558 sentences = 186 flesch = 50 summary = Inoculation of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from patients with pneumonia of unknown origin into human airway epithelial cells and Vero E6 and Huh7 cell lines led to the isolation of a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, previously named 2019-nCov [1] . As soon as on January 7, 2020, the Chinese health authorities had declared that a novel coronavirus was responsible for this outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan, a European network of academic and public laboratories designed an rRT-PCR protocol based on the comparison and alignment of previously available SARS-CoV and bat-related coronavirus genome sequences as well as five sequences derived from the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 made available by the Chinese authorities [23] . Regarding the sites under positive selective pressure found on the Spike glycoprotein, the results have shown that amino acid position 536 in COVID-19 has an Asn residue, while the Bat SARS-like coronavirus has a Gln 4 DOI: 10.1159/000507423 residue; the SARS virus, instead, has an Asp residue. Phylogenetic analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 genomes showed that the novel coronavirus responsible for the pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, China, belongs to the Betacoronavirus genus, subgenus Sarbecovirus [37] . cache = ./cache/cord-252804-u7tz6xzz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252804-u7tz6xzz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030934-t7akdu6x author = Bahrami, Afsane title = Genetic and pathogenic characterization of SARS-CoV-2: a review date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6472 sentences = 356 flesch = 45 summary = The first case of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in December 2019. Bioinformatics analysis of the viral genome from one COVID-19 patient shared 89 and 82% sequence similarity with bat SARS-like-CoVZXC21 and human SARS-CoV, respectively [41] . In a recent report it was shown that SARS-CoV-2's S-protein entry into 293/human ACE2 receptor cells is primarily mediated via endocytosis, and that PIKfyve, a TPC2 and cathepsin L are crucial for virus entry. Findings of an open-label nonrandomized clinical trial among 22 infected patients indicated that hydroxychloroquine treatment significantly reduced viral load in COVID-19 cases and its effectiveness is promoted by azithromycin [99] . The M, E, and N structural proteins of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus are required for efficient assembly, trafficking, and release of virus-like particles Evidence that TMPRSS2 activates the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein for membrane fusion and reduces viral control by the humoral immune response cache = ./cache/cord-030934-t7akdu6x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030934-t7akdu6x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029100-gxn15jgt author = Clark, Anthony E. title = Conclusion date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3142 sentences = 139 flesch = 60 summary = It was written as the COVID-19 virus was sweeping across the globe, and Clark reflects upon the comparisons between the virus' outbreak at Wuhan in 2019 and two French Catholic missionaries, François-Régis Clet, and Jean-Gabriel Perboyre, who were martyred in the Wuchang district of Wuhan in the mid-nineteenth century. It struck me that both of these missionaries, François-Régis Clet (1748-1820) and Jean-Gabriel Perboyre (1802-1840), were executed in a fashion uniquely relevant to the way in which this particular virus attacks those whom it infects, and that their stories might help explain how the contours of China's Christian history connect to our own time. cache = ./cache/cord-029100-gxn15jgt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029100-gxn15jgt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258748-nzynerfu author = Li, Jinghua title = Estimation of the epidemic properties of the 2019 novel coronavirus: A mathematical modeling study date = 2020-02-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3329 sentences = 142 flesch = 48 summary = Methods We conducted a mathematical modeling study using five independent methods to assess the basic reproduction number (R0) of COVID-19, using data on confirmed cases obtained from the China National Health Commission for the period 10th January to 8th February. In this study we used data from the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China 12 (NHC) for the period from the 10 th January to the 8 th February to estimate the basic reproduction number of COVID-19 using five mathematical modeling methods conducted independently. We used these modeling methods to estimate the basic reproduction number both before and after the closure of Wuhan city, and across the whole time period of the epidemic. For example, a previous paper using the assumption of exponential growth found a value of " of 2.68 (95% Credible interval 2.47 -2.86) 5 using an SEIR model with Metropolis-Hastings MCMC estimates of uncertainty, but our modeling has shown that this method likely underestimated the basic reproduction number during the pre-closure period. cache = ./cache/cord-258748-nzynerfu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258748-nzynerfu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-136515-e0j2iruo author = Xue, Ling title = A Data-Driven Network Model for the Emerging COVID-19 Epidemics in Wuhan, Toronto and Italy date = 2020-05-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5445 sentences = 334 flesch = 58 summary = The transmission network model was respectively fitted to the reported data for the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan (China), Toronto (Canada), and the Italian Republic using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) optimization algorithm. Ziff and Ziff analyzed the number of reported cases for Wuhan (China) and showed that the growth of the daily number of confirmed new cases indicates an underlying fractal or small-world network of connections between susceptible and infected individuals [2] . developed a compartmental model dividing individuals into susceptible, exposed, removed, and quarantined symptomatically infected and showed that the distinctive subexponential increase of confirmed cases in mainland China could be explained as a direct consequence of containment policies that effectively deplete the susceptible population [10] . The model then projected the trends of COVID-19 spread by simulating epidemics in the Wuhan, Toronto, and Italy networks. Simulation results showed that personal protection, reducing the node degrees of symptomatically infected individuals, and quarantine of close contacts are effective in reducing the peak epidemic size and final epidemic size. cache = ./cache/cord-136515-e0j2iruo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-136515-e0j2iruo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029550-qodmamov author = Jandrić, Petar title = Review of Fang Fang (2020). Wuhan Diary: Dispatches from a Quarantined City. Trans. M. Berry: New York: HarperCollins. 377 pp. ISBN 9780063052659 (E-Book) date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2562 sentences = 144 flesch = 71 summary = On 25 January 2020, day one of the Lunar New Year and two days after the city of Wuhan entered lockdown, the famous Chinese writer Fang Fang started writing her online diary in her flat not far from the local Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market identified as a possible source of Covid-19 (Maron 2020) . This powerful spatio-temporal symbolic, combined with Fang's poignant writing and her 3.8 million strong social media following at the time of publishing her first entry, has soon launched her online Wuhan diary towards huge popularity. On 15 May, English translation of Fang's online diary was compiled into a book and published as Wuhan Diary: Dispatches from a Quarantined City (Fang 2020) . The assemblage of Wuhan Diary: Dispatches from a Quarantined City (Fang 2020 ) and its responses is an almost perfect example of a postdigital dialogue (Jandrić 2017; Jandrić et al. cache = ./cache/cord-029550-qodmamov.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029550-qodmamov.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-031001-x4iiqq5e author = Hou, Fan Fan title = Personnel protection strategy for healthcare workers in Wuhan during the COVID-19 epidemic date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2512 sentences = 127 flesch = 51 summary = DESIGN: During the COVID-19 pandemic, 943 healthcare staff sent from Guangzhou to Wuhan to care for patients with suspected/confirmed COVID-19 received infection precaution training before their mission and were equipped with Level 2/3 personal protective equipment (PPE), in accordance with guidelines from the National Health Commission of China. The seropositivity for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (IgG, IgM, or both IgG/IgM positive) was 3.4% (53 out of 1571) in local healthcare workers from Wuhan with Level 2/3 PPE working in isolation areas and 5.4% (126 out of 2336) in healthcare staff with Level 1 PPE working in non-isolation medical areas, respectively. The seropositivity for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (IgG, IgM, or both IgG/IgM positive) was 3.4% (53/1571) in local healthcare workers from Wuhan with Level 2/3 PPE working in isolation areas and 5.4% (126/2336) in healthcare staff with Level 1 PPE working in non-isolation medical areas, respectively (Table 3) . cache = ./cache/cord-031001-x4iiqq5e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-031001-x4iiqq5e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265206-ddg87zxv author = Kanny, G. title = Maladies respiratoires, allergies et infections à COVID-19. Premières nouvelles de Wuhan date = 2020-04-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 993 sentences = 117 flesch = 70 summary = Nos confrères de Wuhan [2] nous informent sur l'impact de l'infection à ce nouveau virus, COVID-19 chez les personnes asthmatiques, allergiques ou porteuses de bronchopneumopathie obstructive chronique. ont étudié les caractéristiques cliniques et le statut allergique de 140 patients infectés par COVID-19 hospitalisés du 16 janvier au 3 février 2020 dans un hôpital de Wuhan [2] . L'asthme ou une autre maladie allergique (rhinite, allergie alimentaire, dermatite atopique) ne sont pas rapportés par ces patients alors que la prévalence de l'asthme est estimée à 4,3 % en Chine [3] et la rhinite allergique à 17,2 % à Wuhan en 2011 [4] . Ces taux sont faibles eu égard à la prévalence de la BPCO chez les sujets de plus de 40 ans en Chine qui est de 13,7 % La majorité (99,3 %) présentait des images caractéristiques au scanner. L'asthme, les maladies allergiques et la BPCO n'apparaissent pas comme étant des facteurs de risque dans cette population de patients hospitalisés. cache = ./cache/cord-265206-ddg87zxv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265206-ddg87zxv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267574-etnjo4nz author = Zhao, Shi title = The association between domestic train transportation and novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak in China from 2019 to 2020: A data-driven correlational report date = 2020-02-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1077 sentences = 70 flesch = 58 summary = title: The association between domestic train transportation and novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak in China from 2019 to 2020: A data-driven correlational report Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/tmaid The association between domestic train transportation and novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak in China from 2019 to 2020: A data-driven correlational report Thus, we examine and explore the association between load of domestic passengers from Wuhan and the number of 2019-nCoV cases confirmed in different cities. We calculated the daily average number of passengers from Wuhan to six selected major cities, including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Chengdu and Chongqing, from December 16 to January 15 of the next year. We estimated that 10-fold increase in the number of train passengers from Wuhan is likely to associated with 8.27, 95%CI: (0.35, 16.18), increase in the number of imported cases, see Fig. 1(B) . Estimating the potential total number of novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) cases in Wuhan City, China. cache = ./cache/cord-267574-etnjo4nz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267574-etnjo4nz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257556-lmws8eed author = Rafiq, Danish title = Three months of COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3195 sentences = 223 flesch = 50 summary = 2 While several other human coronaviruses such as HCoV-NL63, HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-HKU1 cause mild respiratory disease, others like the zoonotic Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and SARS-CoV tend to have a higher fatality rate 6 (summarized in Table 1 ). Typical of respiratory viruses like influenza virus, SARS-CoV-2019 can spread through large droplets (with a transmission risk restricted tõ 6 ft from the patient). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19): the epidemic and the challenges Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series Estimating the Unreported Number of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Cases in China in the First Half of January 2020: a data-driven Modelling analysis of the early outbreak Preliminary estimation of the basic reproduction number of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China, from 2019 to 2020: a data driven analysis in the early phase of the outbreak cache = ./cache/cord-257556-lmws8eed.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257556-lmws8eed.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261246-m40kwgcg author = Chen, Nanshan title = Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study date = 2020-01-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4003 sentences = 238 flesch = 53 summary = title: Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study We describe epidemi ological data (ie, shortterm [occasional visits] and longterm [worked at or lived near] exposure to Huanan seafood market); demographics; signs and symptoms on admission; comorbidity; labora tory results; coinfection with other respiratory pathogens; chest radiography and CT findings; treatment received for 2019nCoV; and clinical outcomes. This study is, to our knowledge, the largest case series to date of 2019-nCoV infections, with 99 patients who were transferred to Jinyintan Hospital from other hospitals all over Wuhan, and provides further information on the demographic, clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory features of patients. This is an extended descriptive study on the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of the 2019nCoV, including data on 99 patients who were transferred to Jinyintan Hospital from other hospitals across Wuhan. cache = ./cache/cord-261246-m40kwgcg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261246-m40kwgcg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259149-svryhcgy author = Su, Yue title = Examining the Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown in Wuhan and Lombardy: A Psycholinguistic Analysis on Weibo and Twitter date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4770 sentences = 278 flesch = 56 summary = We achieved the aim by (1) sampling Weibo users (geo-location = Wuhan, China) and Twitter users (geo-location = Lombardy, Italy); (2) fetching all the users' published posts two weeks before and after the lockdown in each region (e.g., the lockdown date of Wuhan was 23 January 2020); (3) extracting the psycholinguistic features of these posts using the Simplified Chinese and Italian version of Language Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) dictionary; and (4) conducting Wilcoxon tests to examine the changes in the psycholinguistic characteristics of the posts before and after the lockdown in Wuhan and Lombardy, respectively. In this study, we used the simplified Chinese version of LIWC and Italian LIWC to measure people's psychological status before and after the lockdown in Wuhan and Lombardy, respectively. These linguistic features imply that social media users' psychological states were impacted after the COVID-19 lockdown, in both Wuhan and Lombardy. cache = ./cache/cord-259149-svryhcgy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259149-svryhcgy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254968-czrgzyr3 author = Zhang, Qiang title = A serological survey of SARS-CoV-2 in cat in Wuhan date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3148 sentences = 180 flesch = 56 summary = Here, we investigated the infection of SARS-CoV-2 in cats during COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan by serological detection methods. Our data demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 has infected cats in Wuhan during the outbreak and described serum antibody dynamics in cats, providing an important reference for clinical treatment and prevention of COVID-19. Here, we investigated the serological prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in cats by an indirect ELISA and virus neutralization tests (VNT), and monitored the serum antibody dynamics of cats infected SARS-CoV-2, providing a basis for further understanding the infection of SARS-CoV-2 in cats. In this study, we detected the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in cats in Wuhan during the COVID-19 outbreak with ELISA, VNT and western blot. Virus neutralization test and Western blot assay of cat serum samples for SARS-CoV-2 (A) Cat#14, Cat#15 and Cat#4 sera were 3-fold serially diluted and mixed with SARS-CoV-2; after incubated at 37°C for 1 h, the mixture was used to infect Vero E6 cells, and replaced with semi-solid media 1 h later. cache = ./cache/cord-254968-czrgzyr3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254968-czrgzyr3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267548-7mcfehzc author = Mizumoto, Kenji title = Estimating Risk for Death from Coronavirus Disease, China, January–February 2020 date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2727 sentences = 118 flesch = 47 summary = We estimated the time-delay adjusted risk for death from COVID-19 in Wuhan, as well as for China excluding Wuhan, to assess the severity of the epidemic in the country. The elevated death risk estimates are probably associated with a breakdown of the healthcare system, indicating that enhanced public health interventions, including social distancing and movement restrictions, should be implemented to bring the COVID-19 epidemic under control. S ince the first case of coronavirus disease (COVwas identified in December 2019 in the city of Wuhan in the Hubei Province of China, the novel virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) has continued to spread around the world, resulting in several thousand reported cases in multiple countries. During the course of the outbreak, our model-based posterior estimates of time-delay adjusted CFR have much higher values than the observed crude CFR, except for the early stage in Wuhan and the later stage in China excluding Hubei Province. cache = ./cache/cord-267548-7mcfehzc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267548-7mcfehzc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278638-2dm54f6l author = Huang, Ian title = Lymphopenia in severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-05-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3105 sentences = 207 flesch = 52 summary = Research articles in adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 with information on lymphocyte count and several outcomes of interest, including mortality, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), intensive care unit (ICU) care, and severe COVID-19, were included in the analysis. We used standardized forms that included author, year, study design, age, gender, cardiac comorbidities, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, smoking, lymphocyte count, lymphopenia, mortality, ARDS, ICU care, and severe COVID-19. Random-effects meta-regression analysis showed that the association between lower lymphocyte count in patients with composite poor outcome was affected by age (p = 0.034) (Fig. 3a) , but not by gender (p = 0.109), cardiac comorbidity (p = 0.953) (Fig. 3b) , hypertension (p = 0.065) (Fig. 3c) , diabetes mellitus (p = 0.931), COPD (p = 0.798), and smoking (p = 0.581). This meta-analysis showed that lower lymphocyte count was associated with increased mortality, ARDS, need for ICU care, and severe COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-278638-2dm54f6l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278638-2dm54f6l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262693-z9dolxky author = Nishiura, Hiroshi title = Initial Cluster of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Infections in Wuhan, China Is Consistent with Substantial Human-to-Human Transmission date = 2020-02-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1447 sentences = 67 flesch = 43 summary = title: Initial Cluster of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Infections in Wuhan, China Is Consistent with Substantial Human-to-Human Transmission Reanalysis of the epidemic curve from the initial cluster of cases with novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in December 2019 indicates substantial human-to-human transmission. To support the hypothesis of zoonotic origin of 2019-nCoV stemming from the Huanan seafood market, the index case should have had exposure history related to the market and the virus should have been identified from animals sold at the market. The clinical summary of the earliest cases of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infections in Wuhan, China was recently published [1] , showing the majority of cases were exposed to the Huanan seafood market, which also had wild animals, suggesting the possibility of zoonotic transmission in the market. Second, without identifying the virus in Second, assuming a constant SI of 8 days, the epidemic curve of cases by the date of illness onset can be transformed to that by generation of cases. cache = ./cache/cord-262693-z9dolxky.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262693-z9dolxky.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-027758-vgr6ht3a author = Wang, Tianbing title = A four-compartment model for the COVID-19 infection—implications on infection kinetics, control measures, and lockdown exit strategies date = 2020-05-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4475 sentences = 229 flesch = 55 summary = OBJECTIVE: To analyse the impact and repercussions of the surge in healthcare demand in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, assess the potential effectiveness of various infection/disease control measures, and make projections on the best approach to exit from the current lockdown. The model captures the effectiveness of various disease suppression measures in three modifiable factors: (a) the per capita contact rate (β) that can be lowered by means of social distancing, (b) infection probability upon contacting infectious individuals that can be lowered by wearing facemasks, personal hygiene, etc., and (c) the population of infectious individuals in contact with the susceptible population, which can be lowered by quarantine. Analysing the different lockdown exit strategies showed that a lockdown exit strategy with a combination of social separation/general facemask use may work, but this needs to be supported by intense monitoring which would allow re-introduction/tightening of the control measures if the number of new infected subjects increases again. cache = ./cache/cord-027758-vgr6ht3a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-027758-vgr6ht3a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275765-58iul47s author = Yao, Wenlong title = Critical role of Wuhan cabin hospitals in controlling the local COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1156 sentences = 80 flesch = 55 summary = Here, we evaluate the role of cabin hospitals in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic by retrospectively analyzing the correlation between available beds in cabin hospitals and epidemic data. We obtained the data regarding total daily beds available in cabin hospitals from the official website of the Wuhan municipal government, and we extracted daily numbers of newly diagnosed cases, newly cured cases, and new deaths, and we calculated the overall recovery rate and mortality from COVID-19 in Wuhan from the official website of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. The official government website reported a total of 28 designated hospitals with 8,254 beds for COVID-19 patients in Wuhan before February 4, 2020. Our analysis showed that, with the increase of available beds by cabin hospitals, the newly diagnosed cases and severe cases decreased. The relationships between total beds of cabin hospitals and epidemic data of COVID-19 in Wuhan. cache = ./cache/cord-275765-58iul47s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275765-58iul47s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254538-vcf44w1k author = Rocha Filho, C. R. title = PROGNOSTIC FACTORS FOR CLINICAL COURSE OF PATIENTS WITH COVID-19: PROTOCOL FOR A RAPID LIVING SYSTEMATIC REVIEW date = 2020-05-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2544 sentences = 202 flesch = 59 summary = title: PROGNOSTIC FACTORS FOR CLINICAL COURSE OF PATIENTS WITH COVID-19: PROTOCOL FOR A RAPID LIVING SYSTEMATIC REVIEW We will perform the critical appraisal of included studies with the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool and the certainty of evidence will be evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Thus, the purpose of this rapid living systematic review is to identify the evidence about prognostic factors in patients with COVID-19, considering the following research questions: This rapid living review will systematically evaluate the best available evidence to identify the risk and protective factors of COVID-19, which we expect will help the front line on their decision making processes. We believe that the strengths of this rapid systematic review include the transparency, the strict methods, the evaluation of the quality of evidence, and the extensive and more sensitive searches. Assessing Bias in Studies of Prognostic Factors cache = ./cache/cord-254538-vcf44w1k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254538-vcf44w1k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259368-k8t8brjy author = Ren, Xiang title = Evidence for pre‐symptomatic transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in China date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3163 sentences = 156 flesch = 51 summary = A novel coronavirus named "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2" (SARS-CoV-2) was first identified in January 2020 as the pathogen responsible for a cluster of cases of atypical pneumonia in Wuhan, a large city located in Hubei province in central China. 13 Here, we retrospectively analyse data on cases identified outside of Hubei province through the Chinese Public Health Event Surveillance System at the early stage of transmission in China, in order to provide insights on the transmission dynamics of COVID-19. In these pairs of primary and secondary cases, we fitted a normal distribution to the serial intervals between illness onset dates, allowing for negative and zero serial intervals, and correcting for growth rates in the early stage of an epidemic. [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] Pre-symptomatic infectiousness is generally not thought to occur for most respiratory viruses, but measles is a well-known example of a respiratory infection that can be spread before symptom onset, 27 and viral shedding during the incubation period has also been reported for influenza. cache = ./cache/cord-259368-k8t8brjy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259368-k8t8brjy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261079-rarud78k author = Meng, Mei title = Rapidly organize redeployed medical staff in coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: what we should do date = 2020-09-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1386 sentences = 82 flesch = 52 summary = By March 4, 2020 , approximately 43,000 medical staff from different regions across the country were assigned to different hospitals in Hubei province, working in the frontline of the outbreak and treating patients with COVID-19. They arrived in Wuhan at midnight and received the training of prevention and control of hospital infection the next day. Governments and hospitals took responsibility for supplying PPE for medical staff teams, which assured that all teams participating in managing COVID-19 patients were well protected from virus contracting and spreading. The governments and hospitals attached great importance to preventing infection of medical staff in the frontline fighting the epidemic. In addition, hospital infection experts were responsible for supervising the personal protection of all team members. [8] Fourth, Communication is a Key Element for Optimizing the Effectiveness of the Medical Team Frontline medical staff in Wuhan had numerous difficulties, including missing their family, worrying about becoming infected, and potential shortages of protective equipment. cache = ./cache/cord-261079-rarud78k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261079-rarud78k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255905-ti9b1etu author = Qiu, Chengfeng title = Transmission and clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in 104 outside-Wuhan patients, China date = 2020-03-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3768 sentences = 273 flesch = 60 summary = This report included the hospitalized patients with COVID-19 to assess the transmission and clinical characteristic of two hospitals, which designated as the treatment center for the NCP in Huaihua and Shaoyang cities, Hunan Province, China. In this study, we recruited confirmed patients with COVID-19 from two hospitals, the First People's Hospital of Huaihua and the Central Hospital of Shaoyang which designated as the treatment center of Huaihua and Shaoyang city, Huanan Province, China from Jan 22, 2020 to Feb 12, 2020 . In cluster 17, C'3 (not included in this study population) returned Shaoyang city from Wuhan on Jan19, 2020, three relatives of C'3 were identified as COVID-19 infection after several days of closely contacted with C'3. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.04.20026005 doi: medRxiv preprint a notable feature is clustering occurrence, most patients were infected from their family members, relatives or friends through a close contact. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-255905-ti9b1etu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255905-ti9b1etu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275835-z38cgov9 author = Mogharab, Vahid title = The first case of COVID-19 infection in a 75-day-old infant in Jahrom City, south of Iran date = 2020-04-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 633 sentences = 42 flesch = 63 summary = title: The first case of COVID-19 infection in a 75-day-old infant in Jahrom City, south of Iran The first case of COVID-19 infection in a 75day-old infant in Jahrom City, south of Iran 3 On January 20, 2020, a 55-year-old woman working in Wuhan, arrived at Taiwan and was referred to quarantine authorities with symptoms of sore throat, dry cough, fatigue, and feeling low-grade fever on January 11. study, most studies have reported the infection to be more severe in adults rather than the child, the dissemination of COVID-19 in children implies that it has high transmitting potential in a specific transmission dynamics. World Health organization declares global emergency: a review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) The first case of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia imported into Korea from Wuhan, China: implication for infection prevention and control measures First case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia in Taiwan cache = ./cache/cord-275835-z38cgov9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275835-z38cgov9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279255-v861kk0i author = Dhama, Kuldeep title = Coronavirus Disease 2019–COVID-19 date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 23862 sentences = 1164 flesch = 44 summary = Recently, a new type of viral infection emerged in Wuhan City, China, and initial genomic sequencing data of this virus do not match with previously sequenced CoVs, suggesting a novel CoV strain (2019-nCoV), which has now been termed severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Compared to diseases caused by previously known human CoVs, COVID-19 shows less severe pathogenesis but higher transmission competence, as is evident from the continuously increasing number of confirmed cases globally. Recently, a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) , emerged in late 2019, and it has posed a global health threat, causing an ongoing pandemic in many countries and territories (1) . Health workers worldwide are currently making efforts to control further disease outbreaks caused by the novel CoV (originally named 2019-nCoV), which was first identified in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, on 12 December 2019. cache = ./cache/cord-279255-v861kk0i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279255-v861kk0i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262104-oig3qrr7 author = Brüssow, Harald title = COVID‐19: Test, Trace and Isolate‐New Epidemiological Data date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7118 sentences = 365 flesch = 53 summary = Very similar information was reported in data describing household transmission in Wuhan, where children showed a 4% infection rate compared with 17% in adults. 1.6 million tests were used to identify 1'400 SARS-CoV-2-positive cases; 1000 patients had had exposure to infected people from Hubei. In Wuhan, 105 index cases of patients suffering from moderate COVID-19 symptoms (fever, cough, fatigue) were investigated for secondary transmission to 392 household contacts. The control measures that stopped the epidemic locally have included: intense infection surveillance of incoming travelers; isolation of COVID-19 cases in hospitals; contact tracing and quarantine in holiday camps; and school closure but no lock-down, thus preventing the crisis from having a negative economic impact. Model calculations showed that the containment measures (the quarantine of exposed, and the isolation of infected persons) which depleted the number of susceptible individuals for the virus, reproduced the actually observed case development. cache = ./cache/cord-262104-oig3qrr7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262104-oig3qrr7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273064-c58nf9vb author = Hallowell, Benjamin D. title = Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Prevalence, Seroprevalence, and Exposure among Evacuees from Wuhan, China, 2020 date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3519 sentences = 168 flesch = 47 summary = At arrival in the United States and again at the quarantine facility, evacuees were asked to complete a US Traveler's Health Declaration form disclosing any symptoms; they were also screened for illness and fever, asked about symptoms in the past 72 hours, and asked about any high-risk exposures (including working in or visiting healthcare settings; caring for or visiting persons with fever, respiratory illness, or a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis; or visiting any live animal markets) in Wuhan in the past 14 days. The survey captured information on demographics, clinical signs/ symptoms, travel outside of Hubei Province, face mask use, limitation of time spent in public, and past high-risk exposures (including contact with confirmed COVID-19 case-patients; persons with fever, acute respiratory illness, or both; healthcare and laboratory facilities; and animals and live animal markets). cache = ./cache/cord-273064-c58nf9vb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273064-c58nf9vb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-119576-8qp8o2g2 author = Xu, Liyan title = Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Antiepidemic Policies and Global Situation Assessment of COVID-19 date = 2020-04-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11585 sentences = 569 flesch = 55 summary = With a two-layer contact-dispersion model and data in China, we analyze the cost-effectiveness of three types of antiepidemic measures for COVID-19: regular epidemiological control, local social interaction control, and inter-city travel restriction. We find that: 1) intercity travel restriction has minimal or even negative effect compared to the other two at the national level; 2) the time of reaching turning point is independent of the current number of cases, and only related to the enforcement stringency of epidemiological control and social interaction control measures; 3) strong enforcement at the early stage is the only opportunity to maximize both antiepidemic effectiveness and cost-effectiveness; 4) mediocre stringency of social interaction measures is the worst choice. Overall, compared with in-city epidemiological and social interaction control measures, the contribution of inter-city travel restrictions to the reduction of the number of infected cases and the spatial spread of disease is much smaller-lower by two orders of magnitudes. cache = ./cache/cord-119576-8qp8o2g2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-119576-8qp8o2g2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279569-289fu2yb author = Lei, Yu title = Clinical features of imported cases of coronavirus disease 2019 in Tibetan patients in the Plateau area date = 2020-03-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2291 sentences = 152 flesch = 57 summary = title: Clinical features of imported cases of coronavirus disease 2019 in Tibetan patients in the Plateau area Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has rapidly spread throughout China, but the clinical characteristics of Tibetan patients living in the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau are unknown. preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in Epidemiological, clinical laboratory and radiological characteristics, chronic medical histories, clinical symptoms, treatment and outcome data were obtained from electronic medical records and analysed by two independent researchers. With advancing time, the medical history associated with case exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infected patients from Wuhan has become less obvious. In conclusion, imported cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Tibetan patients were generally mild in this high-altitude area. Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan cache = ./cache/cord-279569-289fu2yb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279569-289fu2yb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277430-x02u7oh0 author = Zhang, Hongyan title = Outcomes of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection in 107 patients with cancer from Wuhan, China date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3182 sentences = 157 flesch = 44 summary = Secondary analyses included the reporting of clinical presentation and outcomes based on the different cancer types, and the association between mortality due to COVID-19 and whether the patient was receiving ongoing active anticancer treatment (systemic therapy, local therapy, or a combination). 5, 16 Rather, in the current study cohort of 107 patients, we observed that active anticancer treatment within 1 month of a diagnosis of COVID-19 was associated with profound lymphopenia (median of 0.55 vs 1.05 for those on follow-up) and markedly elevated inflammatory markers of C-reactive protein (36.00 vs 27.40) and procalcitonin (0.17 vs 0.06). The results of the current study demonstrated the clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 in a large cohort of 107 patients with different cancer types, and suggested a high incidence of severe illness and case fatality rates compared with the community population. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: a retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan, China. cache = ./cache/cord-277430-x02u7oh0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277430-x02u7oh0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-103533-k1lg8c7q author = Jin, C. title = Development and Evaluation of an AI System for COVID-19 date = 2020-03-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6431 sentences = 370 flesch = 53 summary = We developed and evaluated a deep learning based COVID-19 diagnosis system, using multi-center data, which includes 756 subjects (496 COVID-19 positives and 260 negatives) collected in Wuhan Union Hospital, Western Campus of Wuhan Union Hospital, and Jianghan Mobile Cabin Hospital in Wuhan, the major epidemic area in China (detailed information is in Table 1 ). https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.20.20039834 doi: medRxiv preprint sists of five key components (Figure 1 a) , (1) a 2D convolutional neural network (CNN) model for segmenting the lung, (2) a COVID-19 diagnosis model, (3) an abnormal slices locating block to locate abnormal slices in positive cases, (4) a network visualization module for interpreting the attentional region of deep networks, and (5) an image phenotype analysis module for explaining the features of the attentional region. cache = ./cache/cord-103533-k1lg8c7q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-103533-k1lg8c7q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259229-e8m8m4ut author = Samidurai, Arun title = Cardiovascular Complications Associated with COVID-19 and Potential Therapeutic Strategies date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10768 sentences = 530 flesch = 38 summary = Emerging evidence reveals a direct interplay between COVID-19 and dire cardiovascular complications, including myocardial injury, heart failure, heart attack, myocarditis, arrhythmias as well as blood clots, which are accompanied with elevated risk and adverse outcome among infected patients, even sudden death. Respiratory illness and acute cardiac injury are major clinical manifestations observed in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the late stage complications of the disease [38] . Based on the available clinical data, potential myocardial injury is a relevant challenge among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 with increased risk of mortality; therefore, it is essential for multidisciplinary assessment, including blood pressure control in hypertensive patients as well as cardiovascular evaluation and therapy to reduce the morality for COVID-19 infection. Association of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors With Severity or Risk of Death in Patients with Hypertension Hospitalized for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-259229-e8m8m4ut.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259229-e8m8m4ut.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273692-jwqrfb6h author = Golinelli, D. title = The impact of early scientific literature in response to COVID-19: a scientometric perspective date = 2020-04-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4447 sentences = 239 flesch = 50 summary = The study consisted of: 1) review of the scientific literature produced in the first 30 days since the first COVID-19 paper was published; 2) analysis of papers' metrics with the construction of a Computed-Impact-Score (CIS) that represents a unifying score over heterogeneous bibliometric indicators. Specifically, the study consisted of the two following phases: 1) review of the scientific literature produced in the first 30 days since the first COVID-19 paper was published on MEDLINE/Pubmed; 2) identification of the Digital Object Identifiers (DOI) for each paper and analysis of citations and metrics measures to quantify their communicative impact (i.e. scientometric analysis). In particular, the 3 articles with higher CIS were "Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China" (Huang 2020) , "First Case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in the United States" (Holshue 2020) , and "A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster" (Chan 2020) , as reported in Table 3 . cache = ./cache/cord-273692-jwqrfb6h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273692-jwqrfb6h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279415-s823mver author = Guo, Xiaodong title = Survey of COVID-19 Disease Among Orthopaedic Surgeons in Wuhan, People’s Republic of China date = 2020-04-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3427 sentences = 171 flesch = 52 summary = We investigated the situation of infection of orthopaedic surgeons and trainees working in general wards, outpatient clinics, intensive care units, or operating rooms in Wuhan hospitals, and we further explored the possible risk factors at the individual level using a matched case-control study. The questionnaire included the information about demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, awareness to the outbreak at an early stage, COVID-19 exposure history, availability of and participation in the infection control training provided by the hospital, and individual protection practices (e.g., good hand-washing hygiene and wearing face masks). There was confirmed transmission from these doctors to others in 25% of cases, including to family members Severe fatigue of orthopaedic surgeons during the 2 months before the outbreak of COVID-19 was found to be a risk factor for the infection (Table IV) (OR, 4 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1 to 16]). cache = ./cache/cord-279415-s823mver.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279415-s823mver.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279976-juz9jnfk author = Xie, Mingxuan title = Insight into 2019 novel coronavirus — an updated intrim review and lessons from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV date = 2020-04-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3863 sentences = 228 flesch = 50 summary = METHODS: Based on recently published literatures, official documents and selected up-to-date preprint studies, we reviewed the virology and origin, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, pathology and treatment of 2019-nCoV infection, in comparison with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. The COVID-19 generally had a high reproductive number, a long incubation period, a short serial interval and a low case fatality rate (much higher in patients with comorbidities) than SARS and MERS. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CCDC) identified a novel beta-coronavirus called 2019-nCoV, now officially known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (Gorbalenya et al., 2020) , that responsible for the pandemic. Further search words were above keywords, "SARS" OR "SARS-CoV" OR "severe acute respiratory syndrome", "MERS" OR "MERS-CoV" OR "middle east respiratory syndrome", in combinations of with "spike protein" OR "genome" OR "reproductive number" OR "incubation period" OR "serial interval" OR "fatality rate" OR "clinical characteristics" OR "pathology" OR "autopsy" OR "treatment". cache = ./cache/cord-279976-juz9jnfk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279976-juz9jnfk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280786-944pn0k9 author = Wang, Chaolong title = Evolving Epidemiology and Impact of Non-pharmaceutical Interventions on the Outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China date = 2020-03-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4930 sentences = 307 flesch = 55 summary = 1 Although some studies with varying sample sizes have described the clinical characteristics of patients with Covid-19, 2-7 and a previous study has reported the early transmission dynamics of the first 425 confirmed cases in Wuhan, 8 most recent data are required to illustrate the full spectrum of the epidemiological characteristics of the outbreak in Wuhan. During the outbreak, the Chinese authorities have implemented a series of non-pharmaceutical interventions to control the epidemic (details in Fig. 1 Several modelling studies have used the international cases exported from Wuhan to extrapolate the severity of epidemic in Wuhan, which estimated much larger numbers of infected cases than those officially reported, implying a substantial amount of unascertained cases. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.03.20030593 doi: medRxiv preprint 474,897 (410,660 to 537,448) if the trend of the second period was assumed (Fig. 4D) , both were much higher than the current ascertained case number of 25,961. cache = ./cache/cord-280786-944pn0k9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280786-944pn0k9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258113-mnou31j3 author = Wang, Yaping title = Clinical Characteristics of Patients Infected With the Novel 2019 Coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) in Guangzhou, China date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3898 sentences = 215 flesch = 54 summary = title: Clinical Characteristics of Patients Infected With the Novel 2019 Coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) in Guangzhou, China CONCLUSIONS: Most of the patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Guangzhou, China are not severe cases and patients with older age, male, and decreased albumin level were more likely to develop into severe ones. [5] studied the clinical features of 99 patients with COVID-19 and found that SARS-Cov-2 was more likely to infect older men with comorbidities and to lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Among all patients, univariate analysis indicated that age, sex, imported disease, incubation period, interval between hospital admission and symptom onset, any coexisting medical condition, leukocyte count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, PCT, LDH, CK, ALB, AST, and D-dimer were associated with disease severity. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series cache = ./cache/cord-258113-mnou31j3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258113-mnou31j3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275853-fym8qze2 author = Yang, Juan title = Disease burden and clinical severity of the first pandemic wave of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6451 sentences = 441 flesch = 57 summary = In 62 contrast, the 2009 influenza pandemic is considered mild but provides a benchmark 63 for a pandemic in modern times, as the health systems, supportive care, and Wuhan is a particularly well-suited location to assess the health burden of Firstly, Wuhan experienced intense community transmission of severe acute 73 respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); secondly, the first wave has 74 ended, with only seven sporadic cases reported between March 24 and May 18 3 . Here we used multiple data sources to estimate age-78 specific rates of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections, medically attended cases, 79 hospitalizations, and deaths, accounting for health seeking behaviors and 80 underdiagnoses. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.27.20183228 doi: medRxiv preprint burden and clinical severity of seasonal and pandemic influenza using Wuhan age 290 profile as a reference (Supplementary Information File 5 and File 8). cache = ./cache/cord-275853-fym8qze2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275853-fym8qze2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273209-ou80n3p3 author = Zheng, Fang title = Clinical Characteristics of Children with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Hubei, China date = 2020-03-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2616 sentences = 157 flesch = 52 summary = Since December 2019, an epidemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has occurred unexpectedly in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and it had quickly spread from Wuhan to the other areas in China and abroad [1] [2] [3] [4] . In recent weeks, emerging studies have reported that most patients with COVID-19 had an epidemiological history including a travel or residence history in Wuhan City and neighboring areas, and contacting with confirmed or suspected cases [7] . Clinical diagnoses included upper respiratory tract infection (URI) (n=8), mild pneumonia (n=15), and critical cases (n=2). In our study, most patients had mild diseases including upper respiratory tract infection and mild pneumonia, which were less severe than symptoms reported in adult patients [9, 10] . Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-273209-ou80n3p3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273209-ou80n3p3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280970-gy0kfhy6 author = Peng, Fujun title = Management and Treatment of COVID-19: The Chinese Experience date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2618 sentences = 188 flesch = 48 summary = Since mid-December 2019, there has been a worldwide outbreak of COronaVIrus Disease 90 (COVID)-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 (formerly 2019-nCoV or and first detected in 91 Wuhan, China. 52 However, 421 a single-center in Wuhan shared that early, low-dose and short-term (1-2mg/kg/d for 5-7 days) 422 corticosteroids was associated with a faster improvement of clinical symptoms and absorption of 423 focal lung lesions in severe cases of COVID-19. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series Early, low-dose and short-term application of corticosteroid treatment in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia: single-center experience from Wuhan, China. cache = ./cache/cord-280970-gy0kfhy6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280970-gy0kfhy6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280892-net44oxu author = Zhan, Yu-xin title = Prevalence and Influencing Factors on Fatigue of First-line Nurses Combating with COVID-19 in China: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5659 sentences = 229 flesch = 45 summary = The descriptive statistic of nurses' social-demographic characteristics was conducted, and the related variables of work, anxiety, depression, perceived stress and fatigue were analyzed by t-tests, nonparametric test and Pearson's correlation analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed the participants in the risk groups of anxiety, depression and perceived stress had higher scores on physical and mental fatigue and the statistically significant positive correlation was observed between the variables and nurses' fatigue, the frequency of exercise and nurses' fatigue had a statistically significant negative correlation, and average daily working hours had a significantly positive correlation with nurses' fatigue, and the frequency of weekly night shift had a low positive correlation with nurses' fatigue (P<0.01). Government and health authorities need to formulate and take effective intervention strategies according to the relevant risk factors, and undertake preventive measures aimed at reducing health hazards due to increased work-related fatigue among first-line nurses, and to enhance their health status and provide a safe occupational environment worldwide. cache = ./cache/cord-280892-net44oxu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280892-net44oxu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285502-rvv64190 author = Yang, Lie title = Emergency response to the explosive growth of health care wastes during COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan, China date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4124 sentences = 220 flesch = 47 summary = During the pandemic, municipal solid wastes (MSWs) from designated hospitals, Fangcang shelter hospitals, isolation locations and residential areas (e.g. face masks) were collected and categorized as HCWs due to the high infectiousness and strong survivability of COVID-19, and accordingly the average production of HCWs per 1000 persons in Wuhan explosively increased from 3.64 kg/d to 27.32 kg/d. However, during the pandemic, municipal solid wastes (MSWs) from designated hospitals, Fangcang shelter hospitals, isolation locations and residential areas (e.g. face masks) are of potential infectiousness due to the high infectiousness and strong survivability of COVID-19, and need to be collected, transported, storage and treated as part of HCWs (MEE, 2005 (MEE, , 2006a . For instance, MSWs from designated hospitals, Fangcang shelter hospitals and isolation locations were packaged and collected as HCWs. Therefore, all of these HCWs were collected with strict segregation packages and managed according to the criterions of infectious wastes (MEE, 2008) during the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan. cache = ./cache/cord-285502-rvv64190.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285502-rvv64190.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285403-h8ahn8fw author = Zhang, Liangsheng title = Origin and Evolution of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus date = 2020-02-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 830 sentences = 48 flesch = 57 summary = To the Editor-The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (2019-nCoV or COVID-19) recently reported from Wuhan (China), which has cases in Thailand, Japan, South Korea, and the United States, has been confirmed as a new coronavirus [1] . Based on our phylogenomic analysis of the recently released genomic data of 2019-nCoV, we showed that the 2019-nCoV is most closely related to 2 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like CoV sequences that were isolated in bats during 2015 to 2017 [2] , suggesting that the bats' CoV and the human 2019-nCoV share a recent common ancestor ( Figure 1A) . This market also sells wild animals or mammals, which were likely intermediate hosts of 2019-nCoV, which originated from bat hosts ( Figure 1B ). The 2019-nCoVs have long branches (0.09) for the 2 isolated in the phylogenomic tree ( Figure 1A) , indicating that the 2019-nCoVs likely share bat hosts. There were 3 genotypes present in samples from Guangdong province, indicating that the 6 strains were infected from different places in Wuhan. cache = ./cache/cord-285403-h8ahn8fw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285403-h8ahn8fw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281102-ohbm78it author = Gutzeit, Andreas title = What can European radiologists learn from the outbreak of COVID-19 in China? A discussion with a radiologist from Wuhan date = 2020-04-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1422 sentences = 89 flesch = 52 summary = communication is to determine what we can learn from the Chinese experience and how hospitals and radiology departments all around the world can prepare for a widespread outbreak of this disease. The training content was standard prevention, personal protection, correct use of protective equipment, procedures to optimize putting on and removing protective equipment, hand hygiene, isolation measures, medical waste management, and air and environmental surface cleaning and disinfection. The director of the clinical and medical technology department in Wuhan was the most important person during the coronavirus crisis. The Hospital Infection Management established an inspection system to strengthen the guidance and supervision of the implementation of the clinical department's control measures and the correct wearing of protective equipment. In Wuhan, desktop, computer, and intercom systems in the radiology departments were regularly cleaned after use with 250-500 mg/L chlorinated disinfectant or 75% (v/v) medical ethanol. cache = ./cache/cord-281102-ohbm78it.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281102-ohbm78it.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282058-it0ojdk3 author = Yu, Yuanqiang title = Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Neonates and Children From China: A Review date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7461 sentences = 389 flesch = 50 summary = References for this review were identified through searches of PubMed for articles published from January 1, 2003, to May 1, 2020, by use of the terms "coronavirus, " "neonate, " "children, " "COVID19, " and "SARS-CoV-2." Relevant articles published between 2003 and 2020 were identified through searches in the authors' personal files. The World Health Organization (WHO) subsequently named the novel coronavirus pneumonia Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and named the virus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The World Health Organization (WHO) subsequently named the novel coronavirus pneumonia Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and named the virus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The symptoms of COVID-19 appear to be less severe in infants and children than in adult patients, similar to the SARS-CoV infection (15) (16) (17) . Of the 34 pregnant women who were confirmed with the SARS-CoV-2 infection in multiple hospitals in Wuhan, including one pregnant woman with a negative nucleic acid test result, 30 had a fever and 16 had a cough (54) (55) (56) (57) . cache = ./cache/cord-282058-it0ojdk3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282058-it0ojdk3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266963-belin2jq author = Cowling, Benjamin J title = Epidemiological research priorities for public health control of the ongoing global novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak date = 2020-02-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2429 sentences = 98 flesch = 40 summary = It is now 6 weeks since Chinese health authorities announced the discovery of a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) [1] causing a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, the major transport hub of central China. A number of important characteristics of 2019-nCoV infection have already been identified, but in order to calibrate public health responses we need improved information on transmission dynamics, severity of the disease, immunity, and the impact of control and mitigation measures that have been applied to date. For severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV), infectivity peaked at around 10 days after illness onset [7] , consistent with the peak in viral load at around that time [8] . In conclusion, there are a number of urgent research priorities to inform the public health response to the global spread of 2019-nCoV infections. Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia cache = ./cache/cord-266963-belin2jq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266963-belin2jq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278325-ykcd7d59 author = Cheung, Carmen Ka Man title = Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Haematologist's Perspective date = 2020-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7672 sentences = 379 flesch = 39 summary = Two meta-analyses showed that a lower platelet count is associated with an increased risk of severe disease and mortality in patients with COVID-19 and may serve as a marker for progression of illness [53, 54] . Experience from previous SARS patients, caused by SARS-CoV-1, suggested that coronavirus could cause thrombocytopenia by direct viral infection of bone marrow haematopoietic stem cells via CD13 or CD66a, formation of auto-antibodies and immune complexes, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), and consumption of platelet in lung epithelium [61, 62] . The International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) suggested all patients (including non-critically ill) who require hospital admission for COVID-19 infection should receive a prophylactic dose of LMWH unless contraindicated (Table 2 ) [102] . Clinical Course and Outcomes of Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: A Preliminary Report of the First 28 Patients from the Korean Cohort Study on COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-278325-ykcd7d59.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278325-ykcd7d59.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284890-s73hljz9 author = Kang, Lijun title = Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study date = 2020-03-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4146 sentences = 197 flesch = 45 summary = title: Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study The severe 2019 outbreak of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which was first reported in Wuhan, would be expected to impact the mental health of local medical and nursing staff and thus lead them to seek help. In addition, to reduce the psychological damage of COVID-19 among medical and nursing staff, mental health workers in Wuhan are also taking action by establishing psychological intervention teams and providing a range of psychological services, including providing psychological brochures, counseling and psychotherapy (Kang et al., 2020) . The questionnaire consists of six parts: basic demographic data, mental health assessment, risks of direct and indirect exposure to COVID-19, mental healthcare services accessed, psychological needs, and self-perceived health status compared to that before the COVID-19 outbreak. cache = ./cache/cord-284890-s73hljz9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284890-s73hljz9.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284393-s9qp9a4e author = Wei, Yiping title = Clinical characteristics of 276 hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Zengdu District, Hubei Province: a single-center descriptive study date = 2020-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4267 sentences = 223 flesch = 51 summary = title: Clinical characteristics of 276 hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Zengdu District, Hubei Province: a single-center descriptive study BACKGROUND: We aimed to report the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) in Zengdu District, Hubei Province, China. Our study on 276 inpatients in Zengdu Hhospital confirms that COVID-19 patients in the areas surrounding the core COVID-19 outbreak region showed mainly mild and moderate illness with fever and lymphocytopenia as the main clinical features. Moreover, compared to studies in which only seriously ill COVID-19 patients were admitted, our admission criteria better reflect the disease characteristics in the area around the outbreak point, so as to provide a decision-making reference for hospitals in the residential area to decide which patients should stay at home for observation and which high-risk patients should be hospitalized in a timely manner. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-284393-s9qp9a4e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284393-s9qp9a4e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287222-wojyisu0 author = Zhou, Min title = Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a clinical update date = 2020-04-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5683 sentences = 276 flesch = 35 summary = Of the first 99 laboratory-confirmed patients, 49 (49%) had been exposed to HSWM, which was reported to be the possible initial source of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) [5] . New Coronavirus Infection Diagnosis and Treatment Scheme (Trial Version) published by Military Support Hubei Medical Team also put forward that for mild to moderate COVID-19 patients, corticosteroids should not be given principally and highdose corticosteroid pulse therapy was not recommended. Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study Clinical pathology of critical patient with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) cache = ./cache/cord-287222-wojyisu0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287222-wojyisu0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283048-hyjzofps author = Steele, Edward J. title = Origin of new emergent Coronavirus and Candida fungal diseases—Terrestrial or cosmic? date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7531 sentences = 360 flesch = 57 summary = The origins and global spread of two recent, yet quite different, pandemic diseases is discussed and reviewed in depth: Candida auris, a eukaryotic fungal disease, and COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2), a positive strand RNA viral respiratory disease. 5-7, particularly the symmetrical pattern in Fig. 7 it actually looks like a huge viral bomb explosion took place near or over Wuhan and then the radial fall-out of the disease causing viral particles to land on the millions of people either laterally or from above-some of those infected would be susceptible and who then have succumbed to the respiratory illness (in Appendix A, in relation to the expected fall of viruses through the stratosphere is an analysis by way of quantitative analogy, of the expectation of radioactive fall-out patterns from an atmospheric nuclear test in 1958). cache = ./cache/cord-283048-hyjzofps.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283048-hyjzofps.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283891-m36un1y2 author = Hu, Bisong title = First, second and potential third generation spreads of the COVID-19 epidemic in mainland China: an early exploratory study incorporating location-based service data of mobile devices date = 2020-05-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4656 sentences = 220 flesch = 47 summary = Methods We used spatiotemporal data of COVID-19 cases in mainland China and two categories of location-based service (LBS) data of mobile devices from the primary and secondary epidemic sources to calculate Pearson correlation coefficient,r, and spatial stratified heterogeneity, q, statistics. Here, using location-based service (LBS) data of mobile devices, we analyzed the spatiotemporal association of the confirmed COVID-19 cases and human movements from the sources of the epidemic outbreak, and revealed the first, second and potential third generation spreads of the COVID-19 epidemic in mainland China. Based on the above datasets of COVID-19 cases in mainland China and two categories of location-based service data of mobile devices from the epidemic sources, we calculated their Pearson correlation coefficient, r, and spatial stratified heterogeneity (SSH), q, statistics. cache = ./cache/cord-283891-m36un1y2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283891-m36un1y2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288432-n2y9cunc author = Liu, Kun title = Population movement, city closure in Wuhan and geographical expansion of the 2019-nCoV pneumonia infection in China in January 2020 date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2357 sentences = 144 flesch = 58 summary = BACKGROUND: The unprecedented outbreak of 2019-nCoV pneumonia infection in Wuhan City caused global concern, the outflowing population from Wuhan was believed to be a main reason for the rapid and large-scale spread of the disease, so the government implemented a city closure measure to prevent its transmission considering the large amount of travelling before the Chinese New Year. METHODS: Based on the daily reported new cases and the population movement data between January 1 and 31, we examined the effects of population outflow from Wuhan on the geographical expansion of the infection in other provinces and cities of China, as well as the impacts of the city closure in Wuhan in different scenarios of closing dates. Thus, we conducted this study with the following objectives: 1) to evaluate the impacts of the population movement on the spatial transmission of the 2019-nCoV cases at the provincial and city levels in China; 2) to estimate the potential outbreak risk at areas with the population outflowed from Wuhan; 3) to evaluate the effectiveness of the city closure measures on the epidemic control. cache = ./cache/cord-288432-n2y9cunc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288432-n2y9cunc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282652-2w3bx6p8 author = Sun, Haoyang title = Estimating number of global importations of COVID-19 from Wuhan, risk of transmission outside mainland China and COVID-19 introduction index between countries outside mainland China date = 2020-02-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4394 sentences = 201 flesch = 50 summary = For each country or territory outside of mainland China (denoted by ), we assumed that the total number of COVID-19 cases imported from Wuhan ( ) followed a Poisson distribution with rate parameter proportional to the number of air travelers from Wuhan during January 2020 ( → , ), with an unknown coefficient 0 to be estimated from data (more detail in supporting information): Next, we propagated the uncertainty in the estimated number of imported COVID-19 cases from Wuhan, and estimated the probability that a local outbreak would occur and sustain for at least three generations (hereinafter referred to as "local outbreak risk") for each country or territory outside mainland China. The copyright holder for this preprint Table 2 : Countries or territories having a local outbreak risk greater than 50% in the main analysis (i.e. assuming immediate isolation of all the reported cases imported from Wuhan). cache = ./cache/cord-282652-2w3bx6p8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282652-2w3bx6p8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294385-6dlgv3tb author = Tong, Xin title = Surveillance of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection among frontline health care workers in Wuhan during COVID‐19 outbreak date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1380 sentences = 92 flesch = 58 summary = The radiological analysis revealed that there was no typical chest CT scan of COVID‐19 among 222 HCWs. Consistently, anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgM or IgG was also found to be negative among 191 HCWs. CONCLUSIONS: There was no nosocomial infection of SARS‐CoV‐2 among our cohort of the frontline HCWs, suggesting that zero occupational infection is an achievable goal with appropriate training, strict compliance, and psychological support for the frontline HCWs. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging infectious disease, first described in Wuhan, China, has rapidly spread throughout worldwide. 2 The ever-increasing number of COVID-19 cases, overwhelming workload, the depletion of personal protection equipment (PPE), physical fatigue, and psychological stress during the early outbreak has resulted in at least 22 073 cases of COVID-19 among HCWs. 3 A study from China Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) showed that as of 17 February 2020, 3.8% confirmed COVID-19 cases were among HCWs. 4 A report from Italy revealed 11% of COVID-19 cases were HCWs. 5 All the evidence suggested a high risk of occupational infection of SARS-CoV-2. cache = ./cache/cord-294385-6dlgv3tb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294385-6dlgv3tb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285153-schpgyo0 author = Lin, Chen title = COVID-19 pneumonia patient without clear epidemiological history outside Wuhan: An analysis of the radiographic and clinical features date = 2020-04-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 673 sentences = 40 flesch = 59 summary = title: COVID-19 pneumonia patient without clear epidemiological history outside Wuhan: An analysis of the radiographic and clinical features The purpose of this case report is to describe the CT and clinical features of a COVID-19 pneumonia patient without clear epidemiological history outside Wuhan, China. The purpose of this case report is to describe the radiographic and clinical features of a COVID-19 pneumonia patient without clear epidemiological history outside Wuhan, China. After 7 days of treatment (February 6, 2020), the patient's HRCT showed that her bilateral pulmonary lesions had improved and a little fibrous stripe was evident ( Figures 1E and 1F ). Current research demonstrated that the most common HRCT features of COVID-19 pneumonia are patchy/punctate ground glass opacities (85.7%), patchy J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f consolidation (19.0%) that are mainly distributed in a sub-pleural area, and the presence of fibrous stripes after the patient's condition improves [2] . cache = ./cache/cord-285153-schpgyo0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285153-schpgyo0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269453-30l6rzgo author = Yang, Po title = Feasibility study of mitigation and suppression strategies for controlling COVID-19 outbreaks in London and Wuhan date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6784 sentences = 338 flesch = 52 summary = While above methods demonstrate good performance in prediction of COVID-19 outbreak by taking strong public intervention, also named as suppression strategy [13] that aims to reverse epidemic growth, one important challenge is that taking suppression strategy only is to treat disease controls as single-objective optimization of reducing the overall infectious populations as soon as possible, and require strategic consistency in a long term. Targeting at this problem, this paper conducts a feasibility study that analyses and compares mitigation and suppression intervention strategies for controlling COVID-19 outbreaks in Wuhan and London. In order to utilize our proposed SEMCR model into practical cases, we design an evaluation protocol to access multiple effects of taking different intervention strategies to control outbreak of COVID-19 in 4 typical cases, including Hubei province, Wuhan city, the UK and London, as shown in cache = ./cache/cord-269453-30l6rzgo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269453-30l6rzgo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286854-0s7oq0uv author = Jin, Xi title = Virus strain from a mild COVID-19 patient in Hangzhou represents a new trend in SARS-CoV-2 evolution potentially related to Furin cleavage site date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6012 sentences = 322 flesch = 54 summary = title: Virus strain from a mild COVID-19 patient in Hangzhou represents a new trend in SARS-CoV-2 evolution potentially related to Furin cleavage site The evolutionary pattern of SARS-CoV-2 towards FCS formation may result in its clinical symptom becoming closer to HKU-1 and OC43 caused mild flu-like symptoms, further showing its potential in differentiating into mild COVID-19 subtypes. Sequence alignment analysis indicated 38 mutation sites for ZJ01 compared with other SARS-CoV-2 family members ( Figure 2(A) ). Further comparative alignment analysis of GZ02 (SARS viral strain), Wuhan-Hu-1 (the earliest sequenced SARS-CoV-2), RaTG13, HKU9-1 (the potential ancestor of SARS and SARS-CoV-2), HKU-1 and OC43 showed that the variation of FCS sequence had certain regularity in coronavirus evolution ( Figure 4(B) ). We speculated that, despite the gene similarity between ZJ01 and Wuhan-Hu-1, the mutation near the FCS changed the protein structure conformation and surface electrostatic potential of ZJ01, which further influenced its binding capacity with Furin. cache = ./cache/cord-286854-0s7oq0uv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286854-0s7oq0uv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286683-mettlmhz author = Ortiz-Prado, Esteban title = Clinical, molecular and epidemiological characterization of the SARS-CoV2 virus and the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a comprehensive literature review date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 13299 sentences = 726 flesch = 45 summary = Interestingly, the increased amounts of proinflammatory cytokines in serum associated with pulmonary inflammation and extensive lung damage described both in SARS [59] and MERS diseases [60] were also reported in the early study of 41 patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan [41] . A recently published case report of a patient with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 revealed the presence of an increased activated CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells, antibody-secreting cells (ASCs), follicular helper T cells (TFH cells), and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies, suggesting that both cellular and humoral responses are important in containing the virus and inhibiting severe pathology [82] . Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: Retrospective case series cache = ./cache/cord-286683-mettlmhz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286683-mettlmhz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289451-yjrh5l4u author = Xiao, Huidi title = Social Distancing among Medical Students during the 2019 Coronavirus Disease Pandemic in China: Disease Awareness, Anxiety Disorder, Depression, and Behavioral Activities date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4715 sentences = 228 flesch = 50 summary = title: Social Distancing among Medical Students during the 2019 Coronavirus Disease Pandemic in China: Disease Awareness, Anxiety Disorder, Depression, and Behavioral Activities We enrolled medical students studying public health in Beijing and Wuhan to assess their COVID-19 awareness and to evaluate their mental health status/behaviors using a self-administered questionnaire. A 2020 COVID-19 survey in China found that many respondents (including students) reported symptoms of moderate to severe anxiety and depression [8] . We studied the associations between COVID-19 distancing and the lives of public health students on anxiety [14] , depression, and other behaviors. We also examined the differences among public health students in two universities, Capital Medical University (CCMU) in Beijing, and Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) in Wuhan, the early epicenter of the COVID-19 outbreak in China. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among the medical students in two schools of public health at two universities: CCMU in Beijing and HUST in Wuhan. cache = ./cache/cord-289451-yjrh5l4u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289451-yjrh5l4u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283985-8mdnkegz author = Yang, Chayu title = A mathematical model for the novel coronavirus epidemic in Wuhan, China date = 2020-03-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4953 sentences = 290 flesch = 57 summary = [11] introduced a susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (SEIR) model to describe the transmission dynamics, and forecasted the national and global spread of the disease, based on reported data from December 31, 2019 to January 28, 2020. Most of these models have emphasized the significant role of the direct, human-to-human transmission pathway in this epidemic [16] , as highlighted by the facts that the majority of the infected individuals did not have any contact with the marketplaces in Wuhan, that the number of infections has been rapidly increasing, and that the disease has spread to all provinces in China as well as more than 20 other countries. To estimate the values for these three parameters, similar to [32] , we fit our model to the daily reported infection data for Wuhan from January 23 to February 10 by using the standard least squares method. cache = ./cache/cord-283985-8mdnkegz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283985-8mdnkegz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287499-zcizdc7s author = Thompson, Hayley A title = SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence on repatriation flights from Wuhan City, China date = 2020-08-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1399 sentences = 72 flesch = 46 summary = title: SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence on repatriation flights from Wuhan City, China Highlight: We estimated SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence in cohorts of repatriated citizens from Wuhan to be 0.44% (95% CI: 0.19%-1.03%). Although not representative of the wider population we believe these estimates are helpful in providing a conservative estimate of infection prevalence in Wuhan City, China, in the absence of large-scale population testing early in the epidemic. By focusing on flights where all passengers were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection with real-time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), regardless of symptoms, a more accurate estimate of infection prevalence can be obtained compared to relying on symptomatic surveillance testing alone. 8 The repatriation flights we considered represent a globally diverse population of foreign nationals who were residing in Wuhan City leading up to the outbreak for variable periods of time and for a variety of reasons: students, work-related travel, visiting friends and families and tourism. High prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in repatriation flights to Greece from three European countries cache = ./cache/cord-287499-zcizdc7s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287499-zcizdc7s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287515-oe7adj91 author = Rello, Jordi title = Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A critical care perspective beyond China date = 2020-03-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1381 sentences = 76 flesch = 44 summary = Prior experience with viral pneumonia, including influenza and MERS-coronavirus, suggest that steroids can contribute to higher mortality, increase viral replication with longer periods of viral clearance and more superinfections (including invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, as already reported in the Wuhan cohort) [5, 6] . Another difference is that most COVID-19 infected patients were diagnosed with viral pneumonia, whereas acute exacerbations of COPD or bronchospasm or myocarditis were more common in influenza. Use of noninvasive ventilation is controversial, showing limited efficacy in MERS and is associated with very high levels of aerosol spread, exposing staff at much greater risk of infection [11, 12] . Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a singlecentered, retrospective, observational study High-flow nasal therapy in adults with severe acute respiratory infection: a cohort study in patients with 2009 influenza A/H1N1 v cache = ./cache/cord-287515-oe7adj91.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287515-oe7adj91.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297168-t6zf5k99 author = Brüssow, Harald title = The Novel Coronavirus – A Snapshot of Current Knowledge date = 2020-03-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4136 sentences = 207 flesch = 50 summary = While bats are still considered the most likely source for this novel coronavirus, bats were already hibernating at the time of onset of this epidemic and no bats were sold at the Huanan food market in Wuhan, suggesting an intermediate animal host where adaptation to human transmission might have occurred. W. Tan and colleagues, who now constitute the China Novel Coronavirus Investigating and Research Team, described subsequently the isolation of further coronaviruses from three patients in Wuhan who tested negative for 18 viral and four bacterial respiratory pathogens. Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus infections involving 13 patients Outside Wuhan, China Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series cache = ./cache/cord-297168-t6zf5k99.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297168-t6zf5k99.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290758-kz0qfy3r author = Hui, David S. title = The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health — The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China date = 2020-02-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1305 sentences = 68 flesch = 51 summary = title: The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health — The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health -The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China The 2019-nCoV infection in Wuhan appears clinically milder than SARS or MERS overall in terms of severity, case fatality rate and transmissibility, which increases the risk of cases remaining undetected. The rapid identification and containment of a novel coronavirus virus in a short period of time is a reassuring and a commendable achievement by China's public health authorities and reflects the increasing global capacity to detect, identify, define and contain new outbreaks. The latest analysis show that the Wuhan CoV cluster with the SARS CoV.10 (Novel coronavirus -China (01) Whilst several important aspects of MERS-CoV epidemiology, virology, mode of transmission, pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical features, have been defined, there remain many unanswered questions, including source, transmission and epidemic potential. cache = ./cache/cord-290758-kz0qfy3r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290758-kz0qfy3r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285772-4xt4anq5 author = Huang, Rui title = Clinical findings of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Jiangsu province, China: A retrospective, multi-center study date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3379 sentences = 217 flesch = 59 summary = This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 and identify the risk factors for severe illness of COVID-19 in Jiangsu province, China. Several studies have reported the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized in Wuhan (the outbreak center of the infection) [4, 6, 7] . conducted a retrospective, single-center study which included 99 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Wuhan and found that the virus was more likely to infect older men with comorbidities, and the mortality rate was as high as 11% [4] . Another single-center study which analyzed 138 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 in Wuhan, found that 26% of patients received ICU care and the mortality rate was only 4.3% [7] . In this multi-center study, we aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 and to identify the risk factors of severe illness among inpatients with confirmed COVID-19 in Jiangsu province, which is located in the east of China. cache = ./cache/cord-285772-4xt4anq5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285772-4xt4anq5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285315-7r44j3q9 author = Bein, Berthold title = SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: Empfehlungen zu Diagnostik und Therapie date = 2020-04-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2244 sentences = 280 flesch = 48 summary = Die Case Fatality Rate (Zahl der Infizierten, die verstirbt; Letalität) von SARS-CoV-2 beträgt aktuellen Berechnungen nach nur 1,4 %, wobei das Risiko für eine symptomatische Infektion mit zunehmendem Alter ansteigt (ca. Die Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) zitiert in ihren kürzlich publizierten Empfehlungen zur Behandlung von Patienten mit COVID-19 eine aktuelle Metaanalyse, in der keine Überlegenheit von speziellen "respiratory masks" (analog unseren FFP2/FFP3-Masken) gegenüber konventionellem Mund-Nasen-Schutz bezüglich einer Ansteckung von medizinischem Personal, das infektiöse Patienten betreut hatte, gefunden werden konnte [30] . Das bedeutet konkret, dass die Behandlung von Patienten mit COVID-19 zuallererst auf "Best Standard Care" beruht, also auf einer optimalen Anwendung evidenzbasierter Therapieempfehlungen, die für die Therapie des akuten Lungenversagens (Acute respiratory Distress Syndrome, ARDS) erarbeitet wurden [33] . cache = ./cache/cord-285315-7r44j3q9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285315-7r44j3q9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292537-9ra4r6v6 author = Liu, Fenglin title = Predicting and analyzing the COVID-19 epidemic in China: Based on SEIRD, LSTM and GWR models date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5662 sentences = 259 flesch = 52 summary = For the study of infectious diseases like COVID-19, SARS, and Ebola, most of the literature used descriptive research or model methods to assess indicators and analyze the effect of interventions, such as combining migration data to evaluate the potential infection rate [18, 19] , understanding the impact of factors like environmental temperature and vaccines that might be potentially linked to the diseases [20, 21] , using basic and time-varying reproduction number (R 0 & R t ) to estimate changeable transmission dynamics of epidemic conditions [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] , calculating and predicting the fatal risk to display any stage of outbreak [28] [29] [30] , or providing suggestions and interventions from risk management and other related aspects based on the results of modeling tools or historical lessons [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] . cache = ./cache/cord-292537-9ra4r6v6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292537-9ra4r6v6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291583-1nxfh9yt author = Zhou, Hongmei title = Understanding the current status of patients with pulmonary hypertension during COVID-19 outbreak: a small-scale national survey from China date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3365 sentences = 215 flesch = 53 summary = title: Understanding the current status of patients with pulmonary hypertension during COVID-19 outbreak: a small-scale national survey from China One-hundred twenty pulmonary hypertension patients and 23 family members participated in the survey; 64.8% (n = 87) participants came from Hubei, and others were from 15 other provinces; 98.6% (n = 141) participants were in home quarantine; 65.8% (n = 79) were pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease; and 76.7% (n = 92) patients proclaimed their heart function was well maintained at class I or II. To understand the status of PH patients during COVID-19 outbreak in China, the questions were designed to cover the following issues: (1) basic clinical information of the patients, including age, gender, medical history of PH, and current heart function; (2) physical and mental conditions associated with COVID-19; and (3) details of the medications they were using and requirements for medical care if any. cache = ./cache/cord-291583-1nxfh9yt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291583-1nxfh9yt.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295386-voeptwrw author = Liu, J. title = Analysis of Collective Response Reveals that COVID-19-Related Activities Start From the End of 2019 in Mainland China date = 2020-10-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6162 sentences = 365 flesch = 62 summary = . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.14.20202531 doi: medRxiv preprint "cough" (20 th ), are included within the top keywords To analyze the early stage of the COVID-19 epidemic, we study the correlation of the search index of the high-ranked keywords between any two of the four regions (Wuhan, China, the US, and the world), using DCCA for each year between 2014 and 2020. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.14.20202531 doi: medRxiv preprint the correlations between Wuhan and the world, Wuhan and the US, the world and China, and the US and China have significantly changed and have dropped to negative in 2020, while the overall trends of search index dramatically increased in the same time, compared with other years. From the analysis, we can see that the general public in Beijing exhibited a high level of attention to the overall event as the search volume of a majority of keywords, e.g., "nucleic acid," "epidemic," "mask," "sore throat," and "fever," surges significantly following the outbreak on June 11th, where the search index of "nucleic acid" shown in Figure 2 is an example. cache = ./cache/cord-295386-voeptwrw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295386-voeptwrw.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284376-plwyjhl8 author = Fu, Xinmiao title = Simulating and forecasting the cumulative confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 in China by Boltzmann function-based regression analyses date = 2020-05-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 14726 sentences = 782 flesch = 49 summary = All specimens tested negative by direct examination for PJ, whereas 27 were positive by real-time PCR (BAL, n = 18; sputa, n = 7, and TA, n = 2); Following stringent clinical, microbiological and imaging criteria ( Table 1 ) , PJP was deemed to be the most probable diagnosis in 12 episodes occurring in unique patients. In contrast, corticosteroid use within the month before sampling was not different between The probability of Pneumocystis jirovecii (PJ) pneumonia (PJP) for each patient was retrospectively evaluated by an expert committee including infectious diseases and microbiology specialists at both centers, on the basis of (i) documented PJ presence in respiratory specimens by microscopy; (ii) compatibility of clinical signs and symptoms (at least 2 of the following: subtle onset of progressive dyspnea, pyrexia, nonproductive cough, hypoxaemia and chest pain), (iii) compatible (suggestive) radiological findings (chest radiograph and/or high-resolution computed tomographic scan detection of interstitial opacities and/or diffuse infiltration infiltrates); (iv) complete resolution of symptoms after a full course of anti-PJP treatment; (v) absence of alternative diagnosis. cache = ./cache/cord-284376-plwyjhl8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284376-plwyjhl8.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298899-lkrmg5qr author = Xie, Yewei title = Epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory findings of the COVID-19 in the current pandemic: systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6242 sentences = 368 flesch = 53 summary = To fill the research gaps mentioned above, this review article systematically summarizes global findings on the natural history, clinical spectrum, transmission patterns, laboratory findings, CT results, and risk factors of the COVID-19. Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study Clinical course and potential predicting factors of pneumonia of adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a retrospective observational analysis of 193 confirmed cases in Thailand Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan Epidemiology, risk factors and clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients in a Swiss university hospital: an observational retrospective study cache = ./cache/cord-298899-lkrmg5qr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298899-lkrmg5qr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297552-n4uvsi3v author = Zou, Li title = Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Disease Severity and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3435 sentences = 190 flesch = 52 summary = title: Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Disease Severity and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China Methods: In this retrospective study, we collected data from 121 COVID-19 cases confirmed by RT-PCR and next-generation sequencing in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 30, 2019, to March 23, 2020, and conducted statistical analysis. Our goal is to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of patients diagnosed with COVID-19, to compare the clinical characteristics of severe and non-severe cases, and to describe the potential risk factors for disease deterioration and death. We collected data including demographic information (age, gender, and address of usual residence), clinical characteristics (including medical history, comorbidities, symptoms, and signs), initial laboratory findings (hematologic, blood biochemicals, coagulation function, infection-related, and immune-related indices), and clinical outcomes (survival and death). cache = ./cache/cord-297552-n4uvsi3v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297552-n4uvsi3v.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296182-hhswage4 author = Meng, Lingzhong title = Intubation and Ventilation amid the COVID-19 Outbreak: Wuhan’s Experience date = 2020-04-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6532 sentences = 364 flesch = 44 summary = Healthcare providers, who are tasked with taking care of critically ill patients, need to perform the best practices of intubation and ventilation tailored explicitly to the victims of this sweeping COVID-19 outbreak and, at the same time, adhere to strict self-protection precautions. The Chinese Society of Anesthesiology Task Force on Airway Management released a fast-track publication with the recommendation to proceed with endotracheal intubation for patients showing no improvement in respiratory distress, tachypnea (respiratory rate greater than 30 per minute), and poor oxygenation (Pao 2 to Fio 2 ratio less than 150 mmHg) after 2-h highflow oxygen therapy or noninvasive ventilation. Although the aerosol-generating potential of noninvasive ventilation is a potential concern to some providers, 19 the bilevel positive airway pressure machine is widely used amid this outbreak for patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in Wuhan and the rest of China. cache = ./cache/cord-296182-hhswage4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296182-hhswage4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304418-k9owyolj author = Le Maréchal, M. title = COVID-19 in clinical practice: a narrative synthesis date = 2020-09-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6288 sentences = 367 flesch = 49 summary = Plasmatic detection of SARS-CoV-2 has been reported but only with low viral titers, and mainly in clinically severe cases [44] ; bloodstream infectivity has yet to be demonstrated. The first large clinical trial published on LPV/RTV on SARS-CoV-2 compared 99 patients receiving the antiviral vs 100 receiving SoC alone [124] ; there was no difference between the 2 groups regarding the primary end point (time to improvement) (15 vs 16 days, p=0.09). Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study Viral load dynamics and disease severity in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Zhejiang province, China Severity or Risk of Death in Patients with Hypertension Hospitalized for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-304418-k9owyolj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304418-k9owyolj.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301633-t8s4s0wo author = Gralinski, Lisa E. title = Return of the Coronavirus: 2019-nCoV date = 2020-01-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3938 sentences = 186 flesch = 51 summary = Similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections, patients exhibited symptoms of viral pneumonia including fever, difficulty breathing, and bilateral lung infiltration in the most severe cases [1] . A range of disease has been observed highlighted by fever, dry cough, shortness of breath, and leukopenia; patients have included mild cases needing supportive care to severe cases requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; however, compared to SARS-CoV (10% mortality) and MERS-CoV (35% mortality), the 2019-nCoV appears to be less virulent at this point with the exception of the elderly and those with underlying health conditions. In the early part of the outbreak, the absence of infection in health care workers argued for inefficient human to human spread and distinguished 2019-nCoV from both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. cache = ./cache/cord-301633-t8s4s0wo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301633-t8s4s0wo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298881-u6uqroi0 author = Huang, Ian title = Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased mortality and severity of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia – A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression() date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3160 sentences = 205 flesch = 50 summary = title: Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased mortality and severity of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia – A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression() Meta-analysis showed that DM was associated with composite poor outcome (RR 2.38 [1.88, 3.03], p < 0.001; I(2): 62%) and its subgroup which comprised of mortality (RR 2.12 [1.44, 3.11], p < 0.001; I(2): 72%), severe COVID-19 (RR 2.45 [1.79, 3.35], p < 0.001; I(2): 45%), ARDS (RR 4.64 [1.86, 11.58], p = 0.001; I(2): 9%), and disease progression (RR 3.31 [1.08, 10.14], p = 0.04; I(2): 0%). Data extraction was performed independently by two authors (IH and RP), we used standardized forms that include author, year, study design, age, gender, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, DM, need for ICU care, and severe COVID-19. This comprehensive meta-analysis of 30 studies showed that DM was associated with poor outcome that comprises of mortality, severe COVID-19, ARDS, and disease progression in patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-298881-u6uqroi0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298881-u6uqroi0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304710-gjb6zo81 author = Khan, S. title = Novel coronavirus: how things are in Wuhan date = 2020-02-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1369 sentences = 78 flesch = 54 summary = There is a great risk of medical and clinical staff (and workers) becoming infected with 2019n-CoV because of their direct interaction with infected and suspected individuals. Working for long hours, disturbed daily routines including eating and sleeping schedules and fear of being infected are key factors that increase the risks of stress and anxiety for doctors and nurses, and may lead to their working less efficiently in terms of providing better treatment and care to patients. However, the increasing number of patients every day and the expected peak in the coming days [6] may cause a further shortage of medical staff and health and logistic issues for the frontline healthcare provider. China coronavirus: Wuhan medical staff being infected at much faster pace than reported as national death toll hits 26 Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-304710-gjb6zo81.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304710-gjb6zo81.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305213-bt0qsbyf author = Zhou, Jian title = Epidemiological and clinical features of 201 COVID-19 patients in Changsha city, Hunan, China date = 2020-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2679 sentences = 148 flesch = 50 summary = The present study was conducted to report the clinical characteristics of 201 COVID-19 patients in Changsha, China, a city outside of Wuhan. In the past month, several studies [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] reported the epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients in Wuhan city. In the present study, we performed a comprehensive analysis to describe the clinical features, epidemiologic characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of 201 COVID-19 patients in Changsha, China, a city outside of Wuhan, and the differences of clinical features between ICU and non-ICU patients were analyzed. [11, 18] Several studies [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] reported the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients, providing information for SARS-CoV-2 evolution, infectivity, transmissibility, and pathogenicity. In this study, we reported a total of 201 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection outside of Wuhan, China. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-305213-bt0qsbyf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305213-bt0qsbyf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304490-q9ab1pji author = Iqbal, Najaf title = Nexus between COVID-19, temperature and exchange rate in Wuhan City: New findings from Partial and Multiple Wavelet Coherence date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3770 sentences = 195 flesch = 55 summary = We employ 24-h daily average temperature, daily new confirmed cases of a covid-19 in Wuhan, and RMB exchange rate to represent the weather, covid-19 outbreak, and Chinese economy, respectively. The Renminbi exchange rate showed a negative coherence at specific time-frequency spots suggesting a negative but limited impact of the covid-19 outbreak in Wuhan on the Chinese export economy. In such a scenario, it is interesting to know how the Chinese RMB exchange rate moved with the emerging situation of the covid-19 outbreak, explicitly speaking the number of new daily confirmed cases in Wuhan during this period. This study attempts to document the relationship between local weather (Temperature), economy (Exchange rate of RMB), and covid-19 outbreak (Daily number of new confirmed covid-19 cases) in the Chinese city of Wuhan where it was first reported, using wavelet analysis. cache = ./cache/cord-304490-q9ab1pji.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304490-q9ab1pji.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305422-t8azymo7 author = Yi, Ye title = COVID-19: what has been learned and to be learned about the novel coronavirus disease date = 2020-03-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8300 sentences = 446 flesch = 53 summary = The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has thus far killed over 3,000 people and infected over 80,000 in China and elsewhere in the world, resulting in catastrophe for humans. The virus is highly homologous to the coronavirus (CoV) that caused an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003; thus, it was named SARS-CoV-2 by the World Health Organization (WHO) on February 11, 2020, and the associated disease was named CoV Disease-19 (COVID-19) [1] . Whenever possible, we will try to compare COVID-19 with SARS and another CoV-caused disease, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS, an outbreak in 2012). Due to the lack of experience with the novel CoV, physicians can mainly provide supportive care to COVID-19 patients, while attempting a variety of therapies that have been used or proposed before for the treatment of other CoVs such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV and other viral diseases ( Table 2) . cache = ./cache/cord-305422-t8azymo7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305422-t8azymo7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305054-4d84b2g6 author = Liu, Yuan title = The selection of reference genome and the search for the origin of SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2166 sentences = 140 flesch = 60 summary = The assembly obtained using RaTG13 as reference showed better statistics in total length and N50 than the assembly guided by SARS-CoV-2, indicating that RaTG13 maybe a better reference for assembling CoV in pangolin or other potential intermediate hosts. Zhang, Wu, and Zhang [13] re-analyzed the RNA-Seq reads from two pangolins carrying coronavirus using reference-guided de novo assembly method, with Wuhan-Hu-1 as the reference genome. They also performed RNA sequencing in five archived pangolins samples from Guangdong, and assembled the genomes using WIV04, another SARS-CoV-2 genome from human, as reference genome. Using de novo assembly method, they obtained viral genome that showed 90.32% and 90.24% of whole genome identify to Wuhan-Hu-1and Bat-CoV RaTG13, respectively. RaTG13, which is a bat CoV, had 1,287 reads mapped to it, and the resulting assembly has total length of 21,925 and N50 of 1,428. cache = ./cache/cord-305054-4d84b2g6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305054-4d84b2g6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306373-61snvddh author = Xu, Xiao-Wei title = Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series date = 2020-02-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3594 sentences = 204 flesch = 56 summary = OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical characteristics of patients in Zhejiang province, China, infected with the 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-2019). Since the outbreak of covid-19, strict precautionary measures have been implemented in Zhejiang province, including the creation of fever clinics that exclusively receive patients with suspected SARS-Cov-2 infection, defined as presenting with a fever or any respiratory symptoms, including dry cough, and especially in those with a history of travel to Wuhan or exposure to infected people within two weeks before the onset of illness since January 2020. The incubation period was defined as the time from exposure to the onset of illness, which was estimated among patients who could provide the exact date of close contact with individuals from Wuhan with confirmed or suspected SARS-Cov-2 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-306373-61snvddh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306373-61snvddh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310676-125o0o7x author = Liu, Qibin title = Prediction of the clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients using T lymphocyte subsets with 340 cases from Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study and a web visualization tool date = 2020-04-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2812 sentences = 163 flesch = 56 summary = title: Prediction of the clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients using T lymphocyte subsets with 340 cases from Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study and a web visualization tool Multivariate logistic regression model with death or discharge as the outcome resulted in the following significant predictors: age (OR 1.05, p 0.04), underlying disease status (OR 3.42, p 0.02), Helper T cells on the log scale (OR 0.22, p 0.00), and TH/TS on the log scale (OR 4.80, p 0.00). The death event occurred more quickly among elderly patients ( We also performed a multivariate logistic regression model using age, underlying disease status, and the baseline T lymphocyte subsets test as the predictors to predict the patient outcome (death or hospital discharge). In this study we have identified that older age, underlying diseases, and low T cell counts may be risk factors for poor clinical outcomes in COVID-10 positive patients. cache = ./cache/cord-310676-125o0o7x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310676-125o0o7x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306690-s5mxes4r author = Shangguan, Ziheng title = What Caused the Outbreak of COVID-19 in China: From the Perspective of Crisis Management date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8704 sentences = 408 flesch = 50 summary = Since the first known case of a COVID-19 infected patient in Wuhan, China on 8 December 2019, COVID-19 has spread to more than 200 countries, causing a worldwide public health crisis. This article attempts to fill this research gap through analysis of big data, officially released information and other social media sources to understand the root cause of the crisis as it relates to China's current management system and public health policy. Since the first known case of a COVID-19 infected patient in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China on 8 December 2019 [1] , COVID-19 has spread to more than 200 countries and infected over three million people worldwide (as of 28 April 2020), causing a worldwide public health crisis. This article attempts to fill this research gap through analysis of big data, officially released information and other social media sources to understand the root cause of the crisis from the aspects of China's current management system and public health policy. cache = ./cache/cord-306690-s5mxes4r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306690-s5mxes4r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309478-yhmgopmr author = Jin, Ying-Hui title = Perceived infection transmission routes, infection control practices, psychosocial changes, and management of COVID-19 infected healthcare workers in a tertiary acute care hospital in Wuhan: a cross-sectional survey date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4562 sentences = 223 flesch = 49 summary = title: Perceived infection transmission routes, infection control practices, psychosocial changes, and management of COVID-19 infected healthcare workers in a tertiary acute care hospital in Wuhan: a cross-sectional survey Results showed that they experienced psychological burden, especially nurses, women, those in Wuhan, and frontline healthcare workers directly engaged in the diagnosis, treatment, and care for patients with COVID-19. All 105 infected medical staff with COVID-19 in our hospital was invited, finally 103 cases agreed with the consent and finished our questionnaire was included for analysis (response rate: 98.1%), Table 1 presented their basic characteristics. Protective equipment should be upgraded in hospital at the onset of a new disease especially for staff conducting procedures involving close contact and caring for high risk patients. How to train the health personnel for protecting themselves from novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection during their patient or suspected case care cache = ./cache/cord-309478-yhmgopmr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309478-yhmgopmr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320930-9yiu0080 author = Liu, Zeming title = Association Between Diabetes and COVID-19: A Retrospective Observational Study With a Large Sample of 1,880 Cases in Leishenshan Hospital, Wuhan date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3152 sentences = 169 flesch = 52 summary = title: Association Between Diabetes and COVID-19: A Retrospective Observational Study With a Large Sample of 1,880 Cases in Leishenshan Hospital, Wuhan Aims: This study aimed to investigate the clinical courses and outcomes of diabetes mellitus patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan. Conclusions: Our study results suggested that diabetes had no effect on the prognosis of COVID-19 patients but had a negative association with their clinical courses. In this study, we investigated the association between diabetes as a comorbidity and negative clinical courses and outcomes of COVID-19 in a large sample of patients from a single hospital in Wuhan, China. Similarly, our data supported that the proportion of severe or critical COVID-19 cases among patients with diabetes was higher than that among those without diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased mortality and severity of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia -a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression cache = ./cache/cord-320930-9yiu0080.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320930-9yiu0080.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317465-ucwuptgg author = FANG, H. title = Human Mobility Restrictions and the Spread of the Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China date = 2020-03-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12068 sentences = 615 flesch = 59 summary = In this paper, we exploit the exogenous variations in human mobility created by lockdowns of Chinese cities during the outbreak of the Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV), and utilize a variety of high-quality data sets, to study the effectiveness of an unprecedented cordon sanitaire of the epicenter of COVID-19, and provide a comprehensive analysis on the role of human mobility restrictions in the delaying and the halting of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. We also estimate the dynamic effects of up to 22 lagged population inflows from Wuhan and other Hubei cities, the epicenter of the 2019-nCoV outbreak, on the destination cities' new infection cases ( Figure 4 ). In this paper, we quantify the causal impact of human mobility restrictions, particularly the lockdown of the city of Wuhan on January 23, 2020, on the containment and delay of the spread of the Novel Coronavirus, and estimate the dynamic effects of up to 22 lagged population inflows from Wuhan and other Hubei cities, the epicenter of the 2019-nCoV outbreak, on the destination cities' new infection cases. cache = ./cache/cord-317465-ucwuptgg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317465-ucwuptgg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311585-h4holhit author = Ling, R. title = Seroprevalence and epidemiological characteristics of immunoglobulin M and G antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic people in Wuhan, China date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3784 sentences = 247 flesch = 53 summary = Background The seroprevalence of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may be a more reliable approach to detect true infected population, particularly in asymptomatic persons. This retrospective study estimated the seroprevalence of IgM and IgG and compared the epidemiological characteristics of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2-infected population. Hubei province including IgM and IgG tests for SARS-CoV-2 antibody, nucleic acid tests from March 26 to April 28, 2020 among people aged 16-64 years who went back to work. Clinical data were collected from March 26 to April 28, 2020, including serum IgG positivity and IgM positivity or negative results for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, nucleic acid testing, clinical symptoms, previous medical history, and chest CT. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.16.20132423 doi: medRxiv preprint study, the IgG seroprevalence was higher in females than in males, indicating that women were more likely to have asymptomatic infections. cache = ./cache/cord-311585-h4holhit.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311585-h4holhit.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309001-erm705tg author = Liu, Q. title = Laboratory findings and a combined multifactorial approach to predict death in critically ill patients with COVID-19: a retrospective study date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3454 sentences = 169 flesch = 51 summary = To describe the laboratory findings of cases of death with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to establish a scoring system for predicting death, we conducted this single-centre, retrospective, observational study including 336 adult patients (≥18 years old) with severe or critically ill COVID-19 admitted in two wards of Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Wuhan, who had definite outcomes (death or discharge) between 1 February 2020 and 13 March 2020. This single-centre, retrospective, observational study included adult patients (≥18 years old) with severe or critically ill COVID-19 admitted in two wards of Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Wuhan. Therefore, in this research study, we analysed the laboratory examination indicators of patients who died and hoped to find out the risk factors that could predict the outcome of death. cache = ./cache/cord-309001-erm705tg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309001-erm705tg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306189-ugxou9z1 author = Bherwani, Hemant title = Valuation of air pollution externalities: comparative assessment of economic damage and emission reduction under COVID-19 lockdown date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4605 sentences = 246 flesch = 55 summary = The air quality during the lockdown period for majorly polluted cities (i.e., Delhi, Wuhan, Paris, and London) is of high significance in determining the baseline pollution level and attributable health risk, to evaluate the potential fluctuation in monetary damages. An unprecedented attempt has been made to quantify the economic benefit due to reduction in an excess number of health risk subject to mortality/morbidity attributable to lower air pollutant (PM 2.5 , PM 10 , NO 2 , and SO 2 ) concentration in Wuhan, Paris, London, and Delhi. Ambient air quality for Delhi, London, Paris, and Wuhan cities for the lockdown month with the number of days for the years 2019 and 2020 as shown in Table 1 is considered for calculating the health damage cost due to air pollutants. cache = ./cache/cord-306189-ugxou9z1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306189-ugxou9z1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309569-b9jcgx4s author = Lin, Qiu-Shi title = Further explanations for the eq. (3) in “Estimating the daily trend in the size of the COVID-19 infected population in Wuhan” date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 374 sentences = 31 flesch = 73 summary = To avoid possible confusions to the readers, we provide further explanations for the eq. (3) in the research article "Estimating the daily trend in the size of the COVID-19 infected population in Wuhan" published in the Infectious Diseases of Poverty. In our study [1] , we proposed a new model to estimate the daily trend in the size of the COVID-19 infected population in Wuhan. To make our model clearer, here x t is in fact the number of infected individuals that travelled from Wuhan to places outside Hubei province on Day t − d. But the date of confirmation is available for each of the 10 940 cases, so we use the cumulative number of imported cases outside Hubei province as of Day t as apEstimating the daily trend in the size of the COVID-19 infected population in Wuhan Estimating the daily trend in the size of the COVID-19 infected population in Wuhan cache = ./cache/cord-309569-b9jcgx4s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309569-b9jcgx4s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321727-xyowl659 author = Wang, Lishi title = Real-time estimation and prediction of mortality caused by COVID-19 with patient information based algorithm date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5124 sentences = 296 flesch = 65 summary = We report a new methodology, the Patient Information Based Algorithm (PIBA), for estimating the death rate of a disease in real-time using publicly available data collected during an outbreak. PIBA estimated the death rate based on data of the patients in Wuhan and then in other cities throughout China. The death rates based on PIBA were used to predict the daily numbers of deaths since the week of February 25, 2020, in China overall, Hubei province, Wuhan city, and the rest of the country except Hubei province. The PIBA uses patient data in real-time to build a model that estimates and predicts death rates for the near future. Based on the days between confirmation of COVID-19 and the days of death in the hospital, calculated from Wuhan, as mentioned in method 1 and information from the whole country and Hubei Province, we tested the number of days from diagnosis to death, that most likely reflects the actual death rate. cache = ./cache/cord-321727-xyowl659.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321727-xyowl659.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323481-uz6usokd author = Wang, Yixuan title = Unique epidemiological and clinical features of the emerging 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID‐19) implicate special control measures date = 2020-03-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2943 sentences = 210 flesch = 50 summary = title: Unique epidemiological and clinical features of the emerging 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID‐19) implicate special control measures By 27 February 2020, the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused 82 623 confirmed cases and 2858 deaths globally, more than severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) (8273 cases, 775 deaths) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) (1139 cases, 431 deaths) caused in 2003 and 2013, respectively. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China The guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (the sixth edition draft) issued by the National Health Commission of China Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical features and viral diagnosis of two cases of infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a report of nosocomial transmission Clinical features and virological analysis of a case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection cache = ./cache/cord-323481-uz6usokd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323481-uz6usokd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314273-xhnv5cje author = Lytras, Theodore title = Estimating the ascertainment rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China: implications for management of the global outbreak date = 2020-03-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2133 sentences = 118 flesch = 53 summary = We sought to estimate the ascertainment ratio of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China, using a modified Bayesian SEIR model with publicly reported case data. With the outbreak having already turned into the latest global pandemic, one of the key unknowns that will determine its public health impact is the Infection Fatality Rate (IFR), i.e. the number of deaths as a proportion of all persons infected with the SARS-CoV-2 novel coronavirus, the causative pathogen of COVID-19. The ascertainment rate was estimated at just 0.465% (95% CrI 0.464-0.466%), meaning that for every confirmed case in Wuhan there had been approximately 200 SARS-CoV-2 infections that were not detected. is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint Assuming a variable contact rate over the study period, the R0 estimate would be as high as 5.33 until the Wuhan lockdown, falling to 2.09 until 10 February then up again to 3.83, with an ascertainment rate of 0.48%. cache = ./cache/cord-314273-xhnv5cje.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314273-xhnv5cje.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337809-bxvgr6qg author = Xiong, Yong title = Family cluster of three recovered cases of pneumonia due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection date = 2020-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1738 sentences = 122 flesch = 53 summary = Our observations suggest the importance of preventing family transmission and the efficacy of current integrated treatment for mild/ moderate pneumonia in COVID-19 cases. Our observations suggest the importance of preventing family transmission and the efficacy of current integrated treatment for mild/ moderate pneumonia in COVID-19 cases. [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] This report describes the epidemiological and clinical features of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) among three members of a family following SARS-CoV-2 infection. On 10 and 11 January 2020, a family of three, comprising the father (65 years), the mother (61 years) and the son (38 years), were admitted to the Department of Infectious Disease at the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University with symptoms of cough and fever. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-337809-bxvgr6qg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337809-bxvgr6qg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320953-1st77mvh author = Overton, ChristopherE. title = Using statistics and mathematical modelling to understand infectious disease outbreaks: COVID-19 as an example date = 2020-07-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 15721 sentences = 734 flesch = 48 summary = These include interpreting symptom progression and fatality ratios with delay distributions and right-censoring, exacerbated by exponential growth in cases leading to the majority of case data being on recently infected individuals; lack of clarity and consistency in denominators; inconsistency of case definitions over time and the eventual impact of interventions and changes to behaviour on transmission dynamics. We then develop a household-based contact tracing model, with which we investigate the extinction probability under weaker isolation policies paired with contact tracing, thus shedding light on possible combinations of interventions that allow us to feasibly manage the infection while minimising the social impact of control policies. Applying household isolation at 65% adherence ( 0.65 W α = ) manages to reduce the spread of infection, but appears insufficient in this model and with baseline parameters for controlling the outbreak in the long-term, unless other intervention strategies that reduce the global transmission (increasing ε) are adopted at the same time. cache = ./cache/cord-320953-1st77mvh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320953-1st77mvh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325032-3x5wklr4 author = Jiang, Shanhe title = Semiformal Organizations and Control During the COVID-19 Crisis in China date = 2020-10-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6929 sentences = 351 flesch = 47 summary = Using a survey data collected during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic in China, this study investigated the prevalence and importance of semiformal organizations, formal organizations, and informal groups participating in social control and social service and the predictors of the perceived importance of these three forms of social control mechanisms. The table is based on the data from the respondents' answers to this question: "During the COVID-19 lockdown period, who participated in the following activities: checkpoint inspection, health screening, food supplies, drug supplies, sanitization, and information distribution." The choices included residents' or village committee, government agencies or officers, community police or police officers, volunteers, regular citizens, and no action. In sum, formal organizations, government agencies and police, the semiformal organizations, residents' committee in urban areas and village committee in rural areas, and informal groups or individuals, volunteers, and regular citizens, all participated in community control and service. cache = ./cache/cord-325032-3x5wklr4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325032-3x5wklr4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315525-u8goc7io author = Backer, Jantien A. title = The incubation period of 2019-nCoV infections among travellers from Wuhan, China date = 2020-01-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1957 sentences = 120 flesch = 56 summary = Using the travel history and symptom onset of 88 confirmed cases that were detected outside Wuhan, we estimate the mean incubation period to be 6.4 (5.6 7.7, 95% CI) days, ranging from 2.1 to 11.1 days (2.5th to 97.5th percentile). Early January 2020, a novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV, has been identified as the infectious agent that causes an outbreak of viral pneumonia in Wuhan, China, where the first cases had their symptom onset in December 2019 [1] . Here we present the distribution of incubation periods estimated for travellers from Wuhan with confirmed 2019-nCoV infection, using their reported travel histories and symptom onset dates. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.27.20018986 doi: medRxiv preprint 5 Fig. 1 Time line for each case with travel history from Wuhan, sorted by symptom onset date. We characterized the distribution of incubation periods for Chinese travellers infected with 2019-nCoV in Wuhan, who were reported as cases between 20 and 28 January 2020. cache = ./cache/cord-315525-u8goc7io.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315525-u8goc7io.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314311-xbpb9nfi author = Ge, Huipeng title = The epidemiology and clinical information about COVID-19 date = 2020-04-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5263 sentences = 325 flesch = 55 summary = In November 2002, a novel betacoronavirus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) emerged in Guangdong, China, and resulted in more than 8000 infections and 774 deaths in 37 countries. This review makes a comprehensive introduction about this disease, including the genome structure and receptor of SARS-CoV-2, epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of COVID-19. The clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients ranged from mild non-specific symptoms to severe pneumonia with organ function damage. The COVID-19 patients around the world were diagnosed based on World Health Organization interim guidance [65] , and China updated the novel coronavirus pneumonia diagnosis and treatment program (trial version) (in Chinese) according to epidemic situation and improved awareness of disease. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series cache = ./cache/cord-314311-xbpb9nfi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314311-xbpb9nfi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323882-127c5bve author = Yu, Wen-Bin title = Decoding the evolution and transmissions of the novel pneumonia coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 / HCoV-19) using whole genomic data date = 2020-05-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5560 sentences = 282 flesch = 57 summary = Of the 93 genomes of SARS-CoV-2, 39 (41.93%) were from infected patients in 11 countries outside China and encoded 31 haplotypes (H d =0.987±0.009 (SD), P i =0.16×10 -3 ± 0.01×10 -3 ), with 27 nationally/regionally private haplotypes. Three different datasets were used to infer evolutionary networks, which consistently supported H13 and H38 as the potentially ancestral haplotypes, i.e., the outgroup bat-RaTG13-CoV could connect to both H13 and H38, or H38 alone, or through a medium vector mv1 (an intermediate host or the first infected humans) connected to both H13 and H38 by single mutations at positions 18067 (S, synonymous substitution) and/or 29102 (S), referring to the numbering of the alignment length 29 910 bp ( Figure 5 ). To clarify the exact origins of these haplotypes outside China, we need more epidemiological investigative efforts and more SARS-CoV-2 genomic data from patients at the early stage of transmissions. cache = ./cache/cord-323882-127c5bve.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323882-127c5bve.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319770-ddq2q1pg author = Wen, Ying title = Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in Shenzhen, the largest migrant city of China date = 2020-03-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3132 sentences = 185 flesch = 55 summary = We conducted a retrospective study among 417 confirmed COVID-19 cases from Jan 1 to Feb 28, 2020 in Shenzhen, the largest migrant city of China, to identify the epidemiological and clinical features in settings of high population mobility. As such, we investigated the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of all 417 cases that were confirmed in Shenzhen is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint Patients' information including sociodemographic characteristics, exposure history, close contacts, time-lines of illness onset, medical visit, hospitalization, and PCR confirmation, symptoms, and clinical outcomes, was extracted to construct a dataset with no personal identity. Our study reported preliminary findings on the clinical severity of COVID-19 in is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint Other studies also suggested that these factors were associated with poorer outcomes in patients in Wuhan and elsewhere (5, 15) . cache = ./cache/cord-319770-ddq2q1pg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319770-ddq2q1pg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333226-o23da4x2 author = Wang, Yuke title = Strongly Heterogeneous Transmission of COVID-19 in Mainland China: Local and Regional Variation date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4251 sentences = 220 flesch = 52 summary = We studied the variation in transmission of COVID-19, locally in Wuhan, as well as on a larger spatial scale, among different cities and even among provinces in mainland China. The sizes of outbreak in provinces of mainland China mainly depended on the numbers of cases imported from Wuhan as the local reproduction numbers were low. Second, to evaluate the role of "the Market" in Wuhan and estimate the numbers of cases caused by contact with this source (its reproduction number) in early transmission, data for the first confirmed 425 COVID-19 cases with date of symptom onset and exposure information to "the Market" was extracted from a recently published report (6) . (B) Distribution of the serial interval for onset of clinical symptoms, estimated from COVID-19 clusters with partially known links ( Figure 2 ). cache = ./cache/cord-333226-o23da4x2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333226-o23da4x2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336546-wcxqn5z2 author = Xi, Aiqi title = Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of discharged patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 on the Qinghai plateau date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2438 sentences = 167 flesch = 56 summary = Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) was first reported in Wuhan, a series of confirmed cases of COVID‐19 were found on the Qinghai‐Tibet plateau. Coronavirus disease 2019 , caused by infection with the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in Wuhan, Hubei, China in December 2019 [1] [2] [3] [4] and rapidly spread worldwide. In this study, we report the epidemiological and clinical characteristics, and outcomes of all 18 confirmed COVID-19 patients in Qinghai including family clusters who returned to Qinghai from Wuhan, and family members who did not travel to Wuhan. For this retrospective study, we enrolled all 18 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 from the hospitals designated for treatment by the Health Commission of Qinghai Province from Jan 21 to April 6, 2020. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study cache = ./cache/cord-336546-wcxqn5z2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336546-wcxqn5z2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338001-jig46hsk author = Ong, Jacqueline S. M. title = Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Critically Ill Children: A Narrative Review of the Literature date = 2020-04-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3418 sentences = 178 flesch = 50 summary = In the small cohort from Tongji Hospital (6), Wuhan, one out of the six children with COVID-19 was admitted to intensive care. Given that children appear to have mild disease and may have a clinical picture similar to that of viral bronchiolitis, the use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV), and/or high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) for respiratory support would likely be preferred amongst PICU clinicians. Caregivers are close contacts of the infected patient, although they may be asymptomatic at the time-in the Wuhan Children's Hospital series with active case finding of close contacts, 90% of confirmed cases had family members who were either confirmed or suspect disease (5) . Given the low rates of critical illness due to COVID-19, this process will likely exert more impact on day-to-day processes in PICUs than sick patients with confirmed infection. Paediatric Intensive Care Society UK: PICS Guidance on Management of Critically Ill Children With COVID-19 Infection cache = ./cache/cord-338001-jig46hsk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338001-jig46hsk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314591-ylokznn5 author = Quilty, Billy J. title = The effect of travel restrictions on the geographical spread of COVID-19 between large cities in China: a modelling study date = 2020-08-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5261 sentences = 265 flesch = 53 summary = Due to the volume of outbound travel from Wuhan in scenario 1, we estimate that sustained local transmission was likely to have already occurred in the four cities in early January, several weeks prior to the introduction of the cordon sanitaire (Table 2) . No substantial difference was observed in the daily incidence in the scenarios with and without travel restrictions in the four cities after the cordon sanitaire was imposed on 23 January; there were enough infected people to sustain local transmission in the absence of imported infections ( Fig. 3 and Additional file 1: Figure S4 ). By utilising publicly available mobility data to model the spread of the outbreak from Wuhan to other large population centres in China, we find that infected travellers from Wuhan likely led to local transmission in other major Chinese cities weeks before the cordon sanitaire. cache = ./cache/cord-314591-ylokznn5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314591-ylokznn5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342012-1w3x0g42 author = Wu, Joseph T. title = Estimating clinical severity of COVID-19 from the transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China date = 2020-03-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5328 sentences = 298 flesch = 55 summary = For a completely novel pathogen, especially one with a high (say, >2) basic reproductive number (the expected number of secondary cases generated by a primary case in a completely susceptible population) relative to other recently emergent and seasonal directly transmissible respiratory pathogens 4 , assuming homogeneous mixing and mass action dynamics, the majority of the population will be infected eventually unless drastic public health interventions are applied over prolonged periods and/or vaccines become available sufficiently quickly. We therefore extended our previously published transmission dynamics model 4 , updated with real-time input data and enriched with additional new data sources, to infer a preliminary set of clinical severity estimates that could guide clinical and public health decision-making as the epidemic continues to spread globally. Given that we have parameterized the model using death rates inferred from projected case numbers (from traveler data) and observed death numbers in Wuhan, the precise fatality risk estimates may not be generalizable to those outside the original epicenter, especially during subsequent phases of the epidemic. cache = ./cache/cord-342012-1w3x0g42.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342012-1w3x0g42.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320955-xhp96abg author = Allam, Zaheer title = The First 50 days of COVID-19: A Detailed Chronological Timeline and Extensive Review of Literature Documenting the Pandemic date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4740 sentences = 223 flesch = 58 summary = Interestingly, on this pandemic, though it took health official approximately 38 days to identify that they were dealing with a new kind of coronavirus, an artificial intelligence (AI)epowered algorithm developed by BlueDot, a Canadian startup tech company, provided early warnings that the world might be experiencing a new virus outbreak (Bowles, 2020) . In these first 50 days of the COVID-19 pandemic, despite the virus having spread to two more countries outside China, most of the global community were not particularly worried, as the perception was that only those who had come into contact with the Wuhan seafood market had the highest probability of being infected. For this reason, information from Chinese authorities (Wuhan City Health Committee, 2020) and those of the WHO (WHO, 2020a) stated that the December 8, 2019, marked the onset of the first 41 cases that were tested and which were later confirmed positive with COVID-19, then known as "2019-nCoV." cache = ./cache/cord-320955-xhp96abg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320955-xhp96abg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325012-yjay3t38 author = Chen, Ze-Liang title = Distribution of the COVID-19 epidemic and correlation with population emigration from Wuhan, China date = 2020-02-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3839 sentences = 227 flesch = 60 summary = Data on population migration from Wuhan city and Hubei province were extracted from Baidu Qianxi, and their correlation with the number of cases was analyzed. The relative risk according to time increased steadily from January 20 onwards and the upward trend continued as of January 30 [ Figure 2C ], indicating that the number of cases nationwide is on the rise. From January 1 to 23, 2020, the population that migrated out of Wuhan city and Hubei province increased steadily, peaking on January 21 and 22 [ Figure 4A ]. To analyze the correlation between the number of cases and the emigration in Wuhan city and Hubei province, population migration data were collected from Baidu Qianxi. The correlation coefficient between the provincial number of cases and emigration from Wuhan increased to 0.943, with the highest coefficient of 0.996 observed between Wuhan and other cities of Hubei provinces [ Figure 4E and 4F; Supplementary Tables 3 and 4 , http://links.lww.com/ CM9/A210]. cache = ./cache/cord-325012-yjay3t38.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325012-yjay3t38.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312399-7oaerpee author = Park, Joo-Hyun title = The Clinical Manifestations and Chest Computed Tomography Findings of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients in China: A Proportion Meta-Analysis date = 2020-05-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4653 sentences = 222 flesch = 52 summary = title: The Clinical Manifestations and Chest Computed Tomography Findings of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients in China: A Proportion Meta-Analysis OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to identify the clinical features and chest computed tomography (CT) findings of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and to compare the characteristics of patients diagnosed in Wuhan and in other areas of China by integrating the findings reported in previous studies. All type of reports in the English language that contained the descriptions of clinical features and CT findings except for the review articles were included in a data-set for detailed review, and two reviewers included only studies with data on four or more patients (case-series, cohort, or observational study) into the data-set to provide a higher level of evidence Fever was found to be the most common clinical manifestation in all coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. cache = ./cache/cord-312399-7oaerpee.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312399-7oaerpee.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328859-qx7kvn0u author = Zhu, Hongjun title = Transmission Dynamics and Control Methodology of COVID-19: a Modeling Study date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6169 sentences = 368 flesch = 55 summary = Unfortunately, to our best knowledge, the existing models are based on the common assumption that the total population follows a homogeneous spatial distribution, which is not the case for the prevalence occurred both in the community and in hospital due to the difference in the contact rate. Using the model alongside the exclusive optimization algorithm, the spread process of COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan city is reproduced and then the propagation characteristics and unknown data are estimated. The remainder of the paper is structured as follows: Section 2 introduces the previous work; Section 3 defines the related terminology; Section 4 explains the SEIR-HC model in detail; Section 5 describes the two-step optimization for parameter estimation; Section 6 shows the analysis results, and finally, Section 7 states the conclusions. ( ) : number of outbound travellers every day in Wuhan at time t; : contact rate in the community; ℎ : contact rate in hospitals; ( ) : incidence rate of the exposed individuals who are infected days ago, which follows the Weibull distribution; cache = ./cache/cord-328859-qx7kvn0u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328859-qx7kvn0u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337324-jxtch47t author = Qian, Guo-Qing title = Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics of 91 Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Zhejiang, China: A retrospective, multi-centre case series date = 2020-02-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3331 sentences = 207 flesch = 59 summary = title: Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics of 91 Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Zhejiang, China: A retrospective, multi-centre case series 8 Three further cases were reported in Ningbo cohort as clinical-diagnosed COVID-19 pneumonia because of their epidemiological history, signs, symptoms and chest CT evidence according to National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China guidance, though they tested negative for the SARS-CoV-2. This report, to our knowledge, is the largest case study to date of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Zhejiang province, which is outwith of Wuhan and Hubei. Our study provided three cases as clinical-confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia because of their epidemiological history, signs, symptoms and chest CT evidence according to guidance, though they tested negative for the SARS-CoV-2. Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series cache = ./cache/cord-337324-jxtch47t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337324-jxtch47t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316757-p370gjjn author = Kofi Ayittey, Foster title = Updates on Wuhan 2019 novel coronavirus epidemic date = 2020-02-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 646 sentences = 52 flesch = 56 summary = What emerged in December 2019 as a cluster of respiratory ailments with inexplicable etiological findings in Wuhan has now claimed roughly 259 lives, sickened nearly 12 thousand more, and spread to at least 26 more nations including Hong Kong, Taiwan and Macao. [10] [11] [12] In late December 2019, some local health facilities reported cases of patients with pneumonia of unknown causes that were epidemiologically related to seafood and wet animal wholesale According to a recent publication by Chan et al, 14 the disease has shown person-to-person or nosocomial transmission features, implying that it can easily pass on from one person-to-another. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Chinese Researchers Reveal Draft Genome of Virus Implicated in Wuhan Pneumonia Outbreak Updated understanding of the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan Updates on Wuhan 2019 novel coronavirus epidemic cache = ./cache/cord-316757-p370gjjn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316757-p370gjjn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339743-jxj10857 author = Liu, H. title = Synchronized travel restrictions across cities can be effective in COVID-19 control date = 2020-04-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4695 sentences = 267 flesch = 56 summary = Previous studies established the impact of population outflow from Wuhan on the spatial spread of coronavirus in China and hinted the impact of the other three mobility patterns, i.e., population outflow from Hubei province excluding Wuhan, population inflow from cities outside Hubei, and intra-city population movement. Here we apply the cumulative confirmed cases and mobility data of 350 Chinese cities outside Hubei to explore the relationships between all mobility patterns and epidemic spread, and estimate the impact of local travel restrictions, both in terms of level and timing, on the epidemic control based on mobility change. We assume, after the Wuhan lockdown, the local travel restrictions in cities outside Hubei contributed to the epidemic control by influencing population mobility. The daily population outflow from Hubei (excluding Wuhan), inter-city population movement, and intra-city population movement after Feb 03, 2019, aligned by the Chinese lunar calendar with Jan 23, 2020, were used as proxy mobility data for the no local travel restrictions status in cities outside Hubei. cache = ./cache/cord-339743-jxj10857.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339743-jxj10857.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336963-evjmz49u author = Chen, Dong title = Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in a high transmission setting increases the risk of severe COVID-19 compared to exposure to a low transmission setting? date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 470 sentences = 38 flesch = 61 summary = title: Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in a high transmission setting increases the risk of severe COVID-19 compared to exposure to a low transmission setting? 1 However, the higher mortality persisted in Wuhan despite the fact that after the initial epidemic peak same clinical management guidelines were applied throughout China, and case fatality rates remained higher even when more medical personnel was deployed to Wuhan. 6 The high mortality in Northern Italy was also initially attributed to the fact that hospitals were overwhelmed by the onstorm of cases. But maybe there is another factor inherent to high transmission settings that lead to a higher case fatality rate as observed in our study? In conclusion, our study highlights that SARS-CoV-2 infection in a hotspot or epicentre with high transmission intensity may adversely impact mortality rates compared to infection in a low transmission area. cache = ./cache/cord-336963-evjmz49u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336963-evjmz49u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338231-uni4aqxo author = Shi, Puyu title = Clinical characteristics of imported and second-generation coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Shaanxi outside Wuhan, China: a multicentre retrospective study date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4306 sentences = 230 flesch = 55 summary = title: Clinical characteristics of imported and second-generation coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Shaanxi outside Wuhan, China: a multicentre retrospective study In this study, we focused on Shaanxi province as a region with imported and second-generation cases and described the clinical and laboratory characteristics of 134 COVID-19 cases in this province with a hope to provide some insight into the prevention and treatment of the disease in China and elsewhere. This retrospective study included 134 confirmed cases of COVID-19 admitted and treated in 10 designated hospitals across nine cities (Xi'an, Ankang, Baoji, Hanzhong, Weinan, Xianyang, Shangluo, Yan'an and Tongchuan) in Shaanxi province from 23 January 2020 to 7 March 2020 (Supplementary Table S1 ). Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-338231-uni4aqxo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338231-uni4aqxo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345724-6u9q0ox9 author = Zhu, Xiaolin title = Spatially Explicit Modeling of 2019-nCoV Epidemic Trend based on Mobile Phone Data in Mainland China date = 2020-02-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3829 sentences = 183 flesch = 52 summary = The aim of this study is to model the current dynamics of 2019-nCoV at city level and predict the trend in the next 30 days under three possible scenarios in mainland China. We used the trained model to predict the future dynamics up to March 12, 2020 under different scenarios: the current trend maintained, control efforts expanded, and person-to-person contact increased due to work resuming. Although these studies at the early stage of outbreak help us understand the key epidemiological characteristics of 2019-nCoV, the fine-scale and updated epidemic trend in individual Chinese cities remains unknown, which is more helpful for allocating medical resources to achieve the optimal result of preventing disease spreading. We predicted daily infected cases of each city up to March 12, 2020 under three different scenarios (scenario 1 -the current trend maintained; scenario 2 -control efforts expanded; and scenario 3 -person-to-person contacts increased due to work resuming). cache = ./cache/cord-345724-6u9q0ox9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345724-6u9q0ox9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321358-plxz5mkg author = Zheng, Jun title = SARS-CoV-2: an Emerging Coronavirus that Causes a Global Threat date = 2020-03-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4759 sentences = 251 flesch = 53 summary = An ongoing outbreak of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus, currently designated as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was reported recently. In this review, we summarize the key events occurred during the early stage of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, the basic characteristics of the pathogen, the signs and symptoms of the infected patients as well as the possible transmission pathways of the virus. CoVs have been identified in both avian hosts and various mammals, including bat, camels, dogs and masked palm civets, and are previously regarded as pathogens that only cause mild diseases in the immunocompetent people until the emergence of the coronavirus causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV) in late of 2002 [3] [4] [5] [6] . cache = ./cache/cord-321358-plxz5mkg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321358-plxz5mkg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341135-gmi1ewc2 author = Kucharski, Adam J title = Early dynamics of transmission and control of COVID-19: a mathematical modelling study date = 2020-02-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3459 sentences = 170 flesch = 47 summary = Methods: We combined a stochastic transmission model with data on cases of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan and international cases that originated in Wuhan to estimate how transmission had varied over time during January and February 2020. We estimate how transmission has varied over time, identify a decline in the reproduction number in late January to near 1, coinciding with the introduction of large scale control measures, and show the potential implications of estimated transmission for outbreak risk new locations. Based on the median reproduction number estimated during January before travel restrictions were introduced, we estimated that a single introduction of 2019-nCoV with SARS-like or MERS-like individual-level variation in transmission would have a 20-28% probability of causing a large outbreak ( Figure 3A ). Combining a mathematical model with multiple datasets, we found that the median daily reproduction number, R t , of SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan likely varied between 1.6-2.6 in January 2020 prior to travel restrictions being introduced. cache = ./cache/cord-341135-gmi1ewc2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341135-gmi1ewc2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327716-ehm4fgos author = Zhou, Can title = Evaluating new evidence in the early dynamics of the novel coronavirus COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China with real time domestic traffic and potential asymptomatic transmissions date = 2020-02-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5027 sentences = 304 flesch = 57 summary = title: Evaluating new evidence in the early dynamics of the novel coronavirus COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China with real time domestic traffic and potential asymptomatic transmissions With updated real time domestic traffic, this study aims to integrate recent evidence of international evacuees extracted from Wuhan between Jan. 29 and Feb. 2, 2020 to infer the dynamics of the COVD-19 outbreak in Wuhan. With updated real time domestic traffic, this study aims to integrate recent evidence of international evacuees extracted from Wuhan between Jan. 29 and Feb. 2, 2020 to infer the dynamics of the COVD-19 outbreak in Wuhan. (2020) With updated real time domestic traffic data, this study aims to update the current status of the COVD-19 outbreak in the city of Wuhan with the alternative information from the evacuees between the end of January and the start of February. cache = ./cache/cord-327716-ehm4fgos.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327716-ehm4fgos.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332387-rmmmhrjy author = Ma, Chang-Jin title = Air Quality Variation in Wuhan, Daegu, and Tokyo during the Explosive Outbreak of COVID-19 and Its Health Effects date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6582 sentences = 388 flesch = 67 summary = This study was designed to assess the variation of the air quality actually measured from the air pollution monitoring stations (AQMS) in three cities (Wuhan, Daegu, and Tokyo), in Asian countries experiencing the explosive outbreak of COVID-19, in a short period of time. Wuhan, which had the largest decrease of PM(2.5) concentration due to COVID-19, also marked the largest reduced Dose(PM)(2.5 10-year-old children) (μg) (3660 μg at Br. and 6222 μg at AI), followed by Daegu (445 μg at Br. and 1287 μg at AI), and Tokyo (18 μg at Br. and 52 μg at AI), over two months after the city lockdown/self-reflection. In this study, the air quality variation with the trend of COVID-19 at Wuhan in China, Daegu in South Korea, and Tokyo in Japan experienced explosive outbreaks in a short period of time, which was estimated based on the actual measured data from air pollution monitoring stations (AQMS). cache = ./cache/cord-332387-rmmmhrjy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332387-rmmmhrjy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326721-2v5wkjrq author = Xiao, Wenlei title = A Cybernetics-based Dynamic Infection Model for Analyzing SARS-COV-2 Infection Stability and Predicting Uncontrollable Risks date = 2020-03-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4478 sentences = 282 flesch = 57 summary = Distinguished with other epidemiological models, such as SIR, SEIR, etc., that compute the theoretical number of infected people in a closed population, CDIM considers the immigration and emigration population as system inputs, and administrative and medical resources as dynamic control variables. is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint : Effective infectious increment (can be negative); : Total non-isolated cases (asymptomatic carriers); : Patient increment (symptom onset); : Total isolated cases (confirmed patients after symptom onset); Figure 4 : Basic principle of the cybernetics-based dynamic infection model be made. In the view of this, we used the data from Shanghai, a relatively well controlled city, to identify and calibrate the key parameters of the incubation period and the basic reproductive number. In Shanghai Model, there is no worry about the shortage of medical supplies, so a negative summation channel performs a direct control effect on the positive feedback infection loop, which is thus of paramount importance in reducing the number of total infectious cases. cache = ./cache/cord-326721-2v5wkjrq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326721-2v5wkjrq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328787-r0i3zo6t author = Xue, Ling title = A data-driven network model for the emerging COVID-19 epidemics in Wuhan, Toronto and Italy date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5327 sentences = 326 flesch = 60 summary = The transmission network model was respectively fitted to the reported data for the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan (China), Toronto (Canada), and the Italian Republic using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) optimization algorithm. The transmission network model was respectively fitted to the reported data for the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan (China), Toronto (Canada), and the Italian Republic using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (M-CMC) optimization algorithm. Ziff and Ziff analyzed the number of reported cases for Wuhan (China) and showed that the growth of the daily number of confirmed new cases indicates an underlying fractal or small-world network of connections between susceptible and infected individuals [2]. The model then projected the trends of COVID-19 spread by simulating epidemics in the Wuhan, Toronto, and Italy networks. Simulation results showed that personal protection, reducing the node degrees of symptomatically infected individuals, and quarantine of close contacts are effective in reducing the peak epidemic size and final epidemic size. cache = ./cache/cord-328787-r0i3zo6t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328787-r0i3zo6t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340369-y8o5j2be author = Zhang, Juanjuan title = Age profile of susceptibility, mixing, and social distancing shape the dynamics of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in China date = 2020-03-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2534 sentences = 121 flesch = 45 summary = To estimate changes in age-mixing patterns associated with COVID-19 interventions, we performed contact surveys in two cities, Wuhan, the epicenter of the outbreak, and Shanghai, one of the largest and most densely populated cities in southeast China. Based on the estimated age-specific mixing patterns and susceptibility to COVID-19 infection, we developed a SIR model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and tested the impact of social distancing measures on disease dynamics. preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in The copyright holder for this this version posted March 20, 2020. preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in The copyright holder for this this version posted March 20, 2020. cache = ./cache/cord-340369-y8o5j2be.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340369-y8o5j2be.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328687-clr1e9p6 author = Zhou, Fuling title = Tracing asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers among 3674 hospital staff:a cross-sectional survey date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3719 sentences = 189 flesch = 45 summary = BACKGROUND: Asymptomatic carriers were positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) without developing symptoms, which might be a potential source of infection outbreak. Recently, in order to avoid further nosocomial infection, all staff without clinical symptoms in our hospital participated in the physical examination before resumption of ordinary job, including chest CT, throat swab RT-PCR test and plasma COVID-19 IgM/IgG antibodies test. This study aims to analyze the examination results, understand the infection status of staff, track the infection related risk factors, as well as tracing of asymptomatic infection individual, so as to provide effective suggestions for other hospitals and non-medical institution in Wuhan, ensuring scientific and safe return to work. In our study, asymptomatic carrier refers to patients who have mild or non-symptoms but with positive test for viral nucleic acid of SARS-CoV-2 or with positive test for serum specific IgM antibody. cache = ./cache/cord-328687-clr1e9p6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328687-clr1e9p6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316990-kz9782rj author = Han, Xuehua title = Using Social Media to Mine and Analyze Public Opinion Related to COVID-19 in China date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8473 sentences = 409 flesch = 51 summary = A secondary classification was implemented to divide "personal response", "opinion and sentiments", and "seeking help" into 13 more detailed sub-topics, including "fear and worry", "questioning the government and media", "condemning bad habits", "objective comment", "taking scientific protective measures", "blessing and praying", "appealing for aiding patients", "willing to return work", "staying at home and taking necessary precautions", "popularizing anti-epidemic knowledge in family", "seeking medical help", "seeking relief materials", and "other". Figure 5b shows the spatial distribution of the kernel density with a search radius of 200 km, indicating that the high-density areas of Weibo related to COVID-19 were in Wuhan In order to explore the correlation between public opinion and the epidemic situation, this study used Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) software to perform Spearman correlation analysis on the number of relevant Weibo texts and confirmed cases in provincial level (number is 34). cache = ./cache/cord-316990-kz9782rj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316990-kz9782rj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335460-g8rsiiy7 author = Wu, Yu-ping title = CT manifestations of the coronavirus disease 2019 of imported infection versus second-generation infection in patients outside the original district (Wuhan, China) of this disease: An observational study date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3355 sentences = 172 flesch = 50 summary = title: CT manifestations of the coronavirus disease 2019 of imported infection versus second-generation infection in patients outside the original district (Wuhan, China) of this disease: An observational study Group A and B were composed of 15 patients with a history of exposure to the original district (Wuhan, China) in short-term (i.e., imported infection), and 7 with a close contact with the patients with confirmed COVID-19 or with the healthy individuals from the original district (i.e., second-generation infection), respectively. Thus, the purpose of our research was to determine the discrepancy in CT manifestations of COVID-19 in patients outside the original district (Wuhan, China) between cases with imported infection and with second-generation infection, aiming to help clinicians outside the original district formulate more accurate and effective prevention and treatment measures. In contrast, none of patients in group B with abnormal CT findings on initial scans had lesion density score of more than 5 (P < .001), indicating that the COVID-19 in second-generation infected patients could be milder when compared with those with imported infection. cache = ./cache/cord-335460-g8rsiiy7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335460-g8rsiiy7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327096-m87tapjp author = Peng, Liangrong title = Epidemic analysis of COVID-19 in China by dynamical modeling date = 2020-02-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4341 sentences = 279 flesch = 60 summary = As shown in Fig. 3e-f , the predicted total infected cases at the end of epidemic, as well as the the inflection point, at which the basic reproduction number is less than 1 6 , both show a positive correlation with the infection rate β and the quarantined time δ −1 and a negative correlation with the protection rate α. 16.20023465 doi: medRxiv preprint of COVID-19 since its onset in Mainland * , Hubei * , and Wuhan (Beijing and Shanghai are not considered due to their too small numbers of infected cases on Jan. 20th). Based on detailed analysis of the public data of NHC of China from Jan. 20th to Feb. 9th, we estimate several key parameters for COVID-19, like the latent time, the quarantine time and the basic reproduction number in a relatively reliable way, and predict the inflection point, possible ending time and final total infected cases for Hubei, Wuhan, Beijing, Shanghai, etc. cache = ./cache/cord-327096-m87tapjp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327096-m87tapjp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347257-s0w95qdn author = Kraemer, Moritz U. G. title = The effect of human mobility and control measures on the COVID-19 epidemic in China date = 2020-03-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2025 sentences = 119 flesch = 51 summary = We use real-time mobility data from Wuhan and detailed case data including travel history to elucidate the role of case importation on transmission in cities across China and ascertain the impact of control measures. Following the implementation of control measures, this correlation dropped and growth rates became negative in most locations, although shifts in the demographics of reported cases were still indicative of local chains of transmission outside Wuhan. We estimated the incubation period from 38 travelling cases returning from Wuhan with known dates of symptom onset, entry and exit. In order to accurately forecast the number of cases on Jan 28th, we must also include the relative amount of mobility out of Wuhan into various provinces in the regression model. Incubation period of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infections among travellers from Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-347257-s0w95qdn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347257-s0w95qdn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326804-5psqro9d author = Wei, Chen title = The focus and timing of COVID-19 pandemic control measures under healthcare resource constraints date = 2020-04-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4596 sentences = 295 flesch = 53 summary = Furthermore, prolonging outbreak duration by applying an intermediate, rather than strict, transmission control would not prevent hospital overload regardless of bed capacity, and would likely result in a high ratio (21% ~ 84%) of the population being infected but not treated. The availability of a complete set of data and detailed records of adopted control policies from Wuhan enables us to construct and test an epidemic model that accounts for the factors deciding an outbreak profile, including the control policy's evolution through time as well as the healthcare system capacity. A modified SEIR model ( Figure 1 ) with time-dependent transmission rate control, timedependent case isolation and testing rate, non-Markovian patient discharge was proposed (see Methods for details). Subsequently, the synergistic effect of increasing transmission control and isolation rate effectively reduced the daily reproduction number (see Suppression success in Methods) to be below 1 by Feb 28, 2020, subsequently resulting in a suppressed COVID-19 transmission ( Figure 2B ). cache = ./cache/cord-326804-5psqro9d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326804-5psqro9d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339044-qy4jab37 author = Li, Man title = Analysis of the Risk Factors for Mortality in Adult COVID-19 Patients in Wuhan: A Multicenter Study date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2587 sentences = 143 flesch = 51 summary = The multivariate regression analysis showed increased odds of in-hospital deaths associated with age, D-dimer levels >1,000 ng/L, platelet count <125, and higher serum creatinine levels. Meanwhile, the infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 was named "COVID-19." In China, according to the National Health Commission (2), a total of 82,341 cases were diagnosed, of which 77,892 patients were discharged, and 3,342 died as of April 15. In this study, we explored the potential host risk factors associated with death in a retrospective cohort of 245 laboratoryconfirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to the two appointed hospitals in Wuhan. Though the epidemiology of patients with COVID-19 is widely studied and reported, the death-related risk factors and detailed clinical characteristics of the disease have not been well-described. In addition to age factors, we also found D-dimer levels >1,000 ng/L, and platelet counts < 125 × 10 9 /L on admission were associated with fatal outcomes in COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-339044-qy4jab37.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339044-qy4jab37.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347204-cafr7f38 author = Yuan, Zheming title = Modelling the effects of Wuhan’s lockdown during COVID-19, China date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3935 sentences = 242 flesch = 62 summary = FINDINGS: Delaying the start date of control measures by only 3 days would have increased the estimated 30 699 confirmed cases of COVID-19 by 1 March 2020 in regions outside Wuhan by 34.6% (to 41 330 people). We present a simple model based on online data on population movements and confirmed numbers of people infected to quantify the consequences of the control measures in Wuhan on the ongoing spread of COVID-19 across mainland China. To determine the number of people represented by the migration index per unit, we used data on population movements during the 2019 Spring Festival travel rush in China (over 40 days from 21 January 2019 to 1 March 2019). We therefore concluded that the first key factor (x 1 ) affecting the final cumulative number of confirmed cases in cities outside Wuhan on 1 March 2020 was the sum of people travelling out of Wuhan during 20-26 January 2020 (there were few population movements after 27 January 2020 because of the control measures). cache = ./cache/cord-347204-cafr7f38.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347204-cafr7f38.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342268-azi9i2a8 author = Zhao, Shi title = Quantifying the association between domestic travel and the exportation of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) cases from Wuhan, China in 2020: a correlational analysis date = 2020-02-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1582 sentences = 91 flesch = 59 summary = title: Quantifying the association between domestic travel and the exportation of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) cases from Wuhan, China in 2020: a correlational analysis In this work, we quantified the association between the domestic travel load and the number of cases exported from Wuhan to other cityclusters in mainland China. We examined the association between the load of domestic passengers departed from Wuhan and the number of confirmed cases to the 10 city-clusters (including the three municipalities, Beijing, Shanghai and Chongqing). 1 We found a statistically significant positive association between the load of passengers multiplied by the local infectivity in Wuhan and the number of cases reported outside Wuhan, see Table 1 . The association between domestic train transportation and novel coronavirus outbreak in China, from 2019 to 2020: a data-driven correlational report Estimating the potential total number of novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) cases in Wuhan City, China Preprint published by the cache = ./cache/cord-342268-azi9i2a8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342268-azi9i2a8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343715-y594iewi author = Gavriatopoulou, Maria title = Organ-specific manifestations of COVID-19 infection date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8765 sentences = 447 flesch = 38 summary = Patients infected with this new coronavirus present with a variety of symptoms, which range from asymptomatic disease to mild and moderate symptoms (mild pneumonia), severe symptoms (dyspnoea, hypoxia, or > 50% lung involvement on imaging) and symptoms of critical illness (acute respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory failure, shock or multiorgan system dysfunction). A large retrospective observational study from China showed that among 214 hospitalized patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 36.4% had neurological manifestations [114] . The correlation of disease severity with neurological symptoms was confirmed by another retrospective study from France, reporting a prevalence of 84% of neurological manifestations in 58 hospitalized patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to COVID-19 [115] . Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series cache = ./cache/cord-343715-y594iewi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343715-y594iewi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333581-icp0xwhx author = Aziz, Muhammad title = Gastrointestinal predictors of severe COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4309 sentences = 295 flesch = 49 summary = Articles were selected if they reported data on COVID-19 patients with respect to gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhea, abdominal pain, and nausea/vomiting) or laboratory findings (serum AST, ALT, or TB). Our meta-analysis demonstrated significant correlations between gastrointestinal parameters (diarrhea, elevated serum ALT, AST and TB) and severe disease outcomes, i.e., respiratory distress, ICU admission, and/or death. • We performed a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature through May 31 st , 2020 to assess these manifestations with respect to disease severity • Our results indicate that diarrhea, abnormal ALT, AST and TB were associated with severe disease (intensive care unit admission, respiratory distress, and/or mortality) • Based on the current study results, patients with these manifestations should be stratified as highrisk and managed appropriately Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series cache = ./cache/cord-333581-icp0xwhx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333581-icp0xwhx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333262-xvfl7ycj author = Robson, B. title = COVID-19 Coronavirus spike protein analysis for synthetic vaccines, a peptidomimetic antagonist, and therapeutic drugs, and analysis of a proposed achilles’ heel conserved region to minimize probability of escape mutations and drug resistance date = 2020-04-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 21671 sentences = 953 flesch = 50 summary = The Wuhan and related isolates revealed a coronavirus that resides in the subgenus Sarbecovirus of the genus Betacoronavirus [2] , and although genetically distinct from its predecessor SARS-CoV it appeared to have similar external binding proteins, meaning here the spike glycoprotein discussed extensively in the present paper. In brief summary, the justifications for the ensemble pharmacophore in the coronavirus case, i.e. the contributions to "fuzziness", include parsimony, that proteins and parts of proteins sometimes have more than one function [12] encouraged by limited numbers of accessible sites (due to e.g. glycosylation) and exemplified by parallel alternative mechanisms of cell entry, multiple methods of drug action, escape from scientific defense measures by virus mutation, polymorphism of human proteins involved, different expression levels of human proteins involved, and the potential problem of the "specter of vaccine development" (concerns about missing the appropriate region of the virus that allows common cold viruses to escape the appropriate immune response). cache = ./cache/cord-333262-xvfl7ycj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333262-xvfl7ycj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351167-4gpq5syb author = Koenig, Kristi L. title = 2019-nCoV: The Identify-Isolate-Inform (3I) Tool Applied to a Novel Emerging Coronavirus date = 2020-01-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3418 sentences = 218 flesch = 46 summary = 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is an emerging infectious disease closely related to MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV that was first reported in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China in December 2019. The Identify-Isolate-Inform (3I) Tool, originally conceived for the initial detection and management of Ebola virus and later adjusted for other infectious agents, can be adapted for any emerging infectious disease. Due to the dynamic nature of the outbreak, exposure criteria may change depending on where new cases of 2019-nCoV are detected, the degree of transmissibility, and when additional information regarding the origin of the virus is discovered and reported. Emergency physicians (EPs), emergency medical services (EMS) personnel, and other healthcare workers who encounter patients with suspected 2019-nCoV infection must inform the appropriate authorities, including but not limited to hospital infection control and local or state public health agencies. cache = ./cache/cord-351167-4gpq5syb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351167-4gpq5syb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344480-6tcush4w author = Zhou, Guangbiao title = Back to the spring of Wuhan: facts and hope of COVID-19 outbreak date = 2020-03-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1558 sentences = 82 flesch = 50 summary = The updated genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2 has been shared to the public, clinical trials are undergoing, and scientists from China and overseas are working together to combat this public health emergency. Epidemiological research priorities for public health control of the ongoing global novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding Therapeutic strategies in an outbreak scenario to treat the novel coronavirus originating in Wuhan, China. cache = ./cache/cord-344480-6tcush4w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344480-6tcush4w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352797-xuaqump9 author = Bian, Xiaoen title = Influence of Asymptomatic Carriers With COVID-19 on Transplantation Resumption in Wuhan date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 519 sentences = 36 flesch = 59 summary = As of May 24, 6 574 093 NAT tests have been completed, with a total of 227 new asymptomatic carriers and 1 new confirmed case 1 . Due to the superficial understanding of COVID-19 and presence of asymptomatic infection in Wuhan, we instituted a protocol to prevent organ donor transmission of COVID-19. Before transplantation both deceased donors and potential recipients undergo SARS-CoV-2 NAT and antibody tests as well as CT scans, which are repeated twice, to avoid the known false negative rates of single tests in COVID-19 patients and detect patients in the early stages of developing symptomatic disease. To minimize transmission caused by asymptomatic carriers, potential deceased donors are quarantined in intensive care for >7 days while being tested. There have been no cases of COVID-19 detected among organ transplant donors and recipients. Wuhan Reopened for a Week, and No Case of Asymptomatic Infection Was Confirmed A case of coronavirus disease 2019-infected liver transplant donor cache = ./cache/cord-352797-xuaqump9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352797-xuaqump9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355528-y4a1g6km author = Balla, Mamtha title = COVID-19, Modern Pandemic: A Systematic Review From Front-Line Health Care Providers’ Perspective date = 2020-03-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7504 sentences = 398 flesch = 53 summary = The main aim of this systematic review is to provide a comprehensive clinical summary of all the available data from high-quality research articles relevant to the epidemiology, demographics, trends in hospitalization and outcomes, clinical signs and symptoms, diagnostic methods and treatment methods of COVID-19, thus increasing awareness in health care providers. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) infection, which is a global pandemic declared on March 11, 2020, by World Health Organization (WHO), was reported to have infected 168,000 cases worldwide in about 148 countries and territories and killed more than 6,610 people around the world as of March 16, 2020 [1]. According to the study by Xu et al, 60% of people diagnosed with COVID-19 had traveled to Wuhan or nearby regions (60%), 36% had close contact with novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) patients and 4% had no definite exposure [12] . Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan cache = ./cache/cord-355528-y4a1g6km.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355528-y4a1g6km.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348327-rgikd4g8 author = Ueyama, Hiroki title = Gender Difference Is Associated With Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection: An Insight From a Meta-Analysis date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2448 sentences = 154 flesch = 47 summary = STUDY SELECTION: Studies were included in our meta-analysis if it was published in peer-reviewed journals and recorded patient characteristics of severe versus nonsevere or survivor versus nonsurvivor in coronavirus disease 2019 infection. The following search terms were applied to include all relevant studies documenting gender information on COVID-19 infection and its association with outcomes: "coronavirus 2019 or 2019-nCoV or sars cov 2 or COVID-19 or COVID; sex or gender or male or female or clinical characteristic or clinical features of clinical course or risk factor. Studies were included in our meta-analysis when it was: 1) published in peer-reviewed journals and 2) study that recorded patient characteristics of severe versus nonsevere or survivor versus nonsurvivor in COVID-19 infection. The salient findings of this meta-analysis are that males were more likely to develop severe COVID-19 infections compared with females, while there was no significant difference in mortality between gender. cache = ./cache/cord-348327-rgikd4g8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348327-rgikd4g8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343767-nnx8adtl author = Liu, Ziyuan title = Path Optimization of Medical Waste Transport Routes in the Emergent Public Health Event of COVID-19: A Hybrid Optimization Algorithm Based on the Immune–Ant Colony Algorithm date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6143 sentences = 304 flesch = 50 summary = To a certain extent, the model and the algorithm are proposed to solve the problem of medical waste disposal, based on transit temporary storage stations, which we are convinced will have far-reaching significance for China and other countries to dispatch medical waste in response to such public health emergencies. In this paper, the immune algorithm, the q-value method, and the improved ant colony algorithm are applied to the model to solve the path planning problem of the transport of medical waste. The studies of this paper are to establish a number of transport stations and an efficient medical waste transport model between hospitals and transport stations and, eventually, optimize the transportation paths. For the path optimization problem between the transport station and the hospitals, we used the ant colony optimization algorithm and the tabu search algorithm to solve it, which is a vehicle routing problem with load constraints (CVRP). cache = ./cache/cord-343767-nnx8adtl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343767-nnx8adtl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352509-qrzt4zva author = Chen, Haohui title = Social distance and SARS memory: impact on the public awareness of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak date = 2020-03-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3903 sentences = 223 flesch = 63 summary = This study examines publicly available online search data in China to investigate the spread of public awareness of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. We use the continuing Wuhan coronavirus outbreak as our case study to estimate the effects of social distance and SARS memory on the spread of public awareness. The effects of social distance and SARS memory on the lead-time advantage are estimated according to Eq. 4, controlled by Euclidean distances, GDP per capita and the city's administrative level (Table 1) . That means cities of strong SARS memory and which are closer to Wuhan in terms of Social distances develop early awareness. Through controlling for development, administrative levels, and Euclidean distances, we observe cities that were struck by SARS and have more migration to the epicentre, Wuhan, showed earlier, stronger and more durable public awareness of the outbreak. cache = ./cache/cord-352509-qrzt4zva.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352509-qrzt4zva.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351600-bqw9ks4a author = Zhang, Shuai title = Development and validation of a risk factor-based system to predict short-term survival in adult hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a multicenter, retrospective, cohort study date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4916 sentences = 231 flesch = 45 summary = title: Development and validation of a risk factor-based system to predict short-term survival in adult hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a multicenter, retrospective, cohort study We aimed to explore the risk factors of 14-day and 28-day mortality and develop a model for predicting 14-day and 28-day survival probability among adult hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Nomogram scoring systems for predicting the 14-day and 28-day survival probability of patients with COVID-19 were developed and exhibited strong discrimination and calibration power in the two external validation cohorts (C-index, 0.878 and 0.839). CONCLUSION: Older age, high lactate dehydrogenase level, evaluated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and high direct bilirubin level were independent predictors of 28-day mortality in adult hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19. We aimed to explore the risk factors of 28-day mortality and develop a nomogram scoring system for predicting 28-day survival probability among patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-351600-bqw9ks4a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351600-bqw9ks4a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354717-4vrqzbof author = Linton, Natalie M. title = Incubation Period and Other Epidemiological Characteristics of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infections with Right Truncation: A Statistical Analysis of Publicly Available Case Data date = 2020-02-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3123 sentences = 146 flesch = 48 summary = title: Incubation Period and Other Epidemiological Characteristics of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infections with Right Truncation: A Statistical Analysis of Publicly Available Case Data Using publicly available event-date data from the ongoing epidemic, the present study investigated the incubation period and other time intervals that govern the epidemiological dynamics of COVID-19 infections. The median time delay of 13 days from illness onset to death (17 days with right truncation) should be considered when estimating the COVID-19 case fatality risk. Using publicly available data from the ongoing epidemic with known case event dates, the present study aimed to estimate the incubation period and other time intervals that govern the interpretation of epidemiological dynamics of COVID-19 infections. The median time from illness onset to hospital admission was estimated at 3.3 days (95% CI: 2.7, 4.0) among living cases and 6.5 days (95% CI: 5.2, 8.0) among deceased cases using the gamma distribution, which provided the best fit for both sets of data. cache = ./cache/cord-354717-4vrqzbof.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354717-4vrqzbof.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342822-d7jx06mh author = Izadi, N. title = The epidemiologic parameters for COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3357 sentences = 245 flesch = 51 summary = Knowledge regarding epidemiological characteristics and parameters of the infectious diseases such as, incubation period (time from exposure to the agent until the first symptoms develop), serial interval (duration between symptom onset of a primary case and symptom onset of its secondary cases), basic reproduction number (R 0 ) (the transmission potential of a disease) and other epidemiologic parameters is important for modelling and estimation of epidemic trends and also implementation and evaluation of preventive procedures (8) (9) (10) (11) . Preliminary estimation of the basic reproduction number of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China, from 2019 to 2020: A data-driven analysis in the early phase of the outbreak Estimating the Unreported Number of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Cases in China in the First Half of January 2020: A Data-Driven Modelling Analysis of the Early Outbreak Novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV: early estimation of epidemiological parameters and epidemic predictions cache = ./cache/cord-342822-d7jx06mh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342822-d7jx06mh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352030-hnm54k4r author = Liu, Jie title = Epidemiological, Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Medical Staff Infected with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A Retrospective Case Series Analysis date = 2020-03-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5263 sentences = 281 flesch = 51 summary = These included age, sex, occupation (doctor, or nurse), body mass index (BMI ≥ 24, or <24 kg/m 2 ), current smoking status (yes, or no), disease severity (non-severe, or severe), date of symptom onset, symptoms before hospital admission (fever, cough, fatigue, sore throat, myalgia, sputum production, difficulty breathing or chest tightness, chill, loss of appetite, diarrhea, and chest pain), coexisting conditions (e.g. hypertension, diabetes, etc.), laboratory testing indicators on admission (leucocyte count, lymphocyte count, platelet count, D-dimer, creatinine, creatine kinase, lactose dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, hemoglobin, ferritin, C-reactive protein, Amyloid A, total bilirubin, procalcitonin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and lymphocyte subsets, etc.), radiologic assessments of chest CT (lung involvement, lung lobe involvement, predominant CT changes, predominant distribution of opacities, etc.), treatment measures (antibiotics agents, antiviral agents, traditional Chinese medicine, immune globulin, thymosin, corticosteroids and oxygen therapy), and complications (e.g. pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute cardiac injury, acute kidney injury, shock, etc.). cache = ./cache/cord-352030-hnm54k4r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352030-hnm54k4r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353862-7xe3fvd5 author = Li, Na title = Maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia: a case-control study date = 2020-03-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3515 sentences = 199 flesch = 52 summary = METHODS: We conducted a case-control study to compare clinical characteristics, maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with and without COVID-19 pneumonia. An earlier study by Chen et al reported nine pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia, who took cesarean section in a tertiary hospital of Wuhan [8] . To date, none of previous studies have investigated the adverse effects of COVID-19 infection on pregnancy, by comparing maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia to those without pneumonia. Similar to two previous reports of nine and one pregnant women with confirmed COVID-19 infection [8, 22] , we did not find any evidence to support the vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from mother to fetus via placenta or during cesarean section. Second, we collected the data of sixteen pregnant women with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia and eighteen suspected cases with typical CT imaging. cache = ./cache/cord-353862-7xe3fvd5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353862-7xe3fvd5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351567-ifoe8x28 author = Rabi, Firas A. title = SARS-CoV-2 and Coronavirus Disease 2019: What We Know So Far date = 2020-03-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5745 sentences = 315 flesch = 54 summary = However, by that time, travelers had carried the virus to many countries, sparking memories of the previous coronavirus epidemics, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and causing widespread media attention and panic. To assess the magnitude of the risk posed by the SARS-CoV-2, we review four parameters that we believe important: the transmission rate, the incubation period, the case fatality rate (CFR), and the determination of whether asymptomatic transmission can occur. A small study of 17 patients showed that nasal viral load peaks within days of symptom onset, suggesting that transmission of disease is more likely to occur early in the course of infection [40] . Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A descriptive study The Epidemiological Characteristics of an Outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19)-China 2020 Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia cache = ./cache/cord-351567-ifoe8x28.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351567-ifoe8x28.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351651-6dbt99h0 author = Sun, Zhong title = Potential Factors Influencing Repeated SARS Outbreaks in China date = 2020-03-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4985 sentences = 260 flesch = 55 summary = Thus, if bats were the natural hosts of SARS-CoVs, cold temperature and low humidity in these times might provide conducive environmental conditions for prolonged viral survival in these regions concentrated with bats. A study on the genome sequence of diseased pangolins smuggled from Malaysia to China found that pangolins carry coronavirus, suggesting that pangolins may be intermediate hosts for SARS-COV-2 [35] . However, the only source of bats that have been publicly identified as carrying virus phylogenetically close to SARS-CoV-2 is far away from Wuhan in Zhoushan, Zhejiang. However, to confirm this scenario, it is necessary to find wild bats in Wuhan and its neighboring areas that carry CoVs identical to those isolated from various SARS-2 patients. This mini-review evaluated the common epidemiological patterns of both SARS epidemics in China and identified cold, dry winter as a common environmental condition conducive for SARS virus infection to human beings. cache = ./cache/cord-351651-6dbt99h0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351651-6dbt99h0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354095-4sweo53l author = Qiu, Yun title = Impacts of social and economic factors on the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China date = 2020-05-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12457 sentences = 619 flesch = 54 summary = First, our instrumental variable approach helps isolate the causal effect of virus transmissions from other confounded factors; second, our estimate is based on an extended time period of the COVID-19 pandemic (until the end of February 2020) that may mitigate potential biases in the literature that relies on a shorter sampling period within 1-28 January 2020; third, our modeling makes minimum assumptions of virus transmissions, such as imposing fewer restrictions on the relationship between the unobserved determinants of new cases and the number of cases in the past; fourth, our model simultaneously considers comprehensive factors that may affect virus transmissions, including multiple policy instruments (such as closed management of communities and shelter-at-home order), population flow, within-and between-city transmissions, economic and demographic conditions, weather patterns, and preparedness of health care system. cache = ./cache/cord-354095-4sweo53l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354095-4sweo53l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344688-uu3b529c author = Song, Xue-Jun title = Pain Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic in China: Lessons Learned date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2377 sentences = 106 flesch = 50 summary = In the initial stages of the pandemic spanning late January to early February, medical systems in Wuhan faced overwhelming shortages of health care workers and key medical resources including medical-grade personal protective equipment, as well as limited space in hospitals for managing the surge of patients with COVID-19. With the help of public health systems, we were able to keep most patients home and provide them with necessary medical services including telemedicine support. Telemedicine became a convenient and effective way to provide necessary medical services to patients with chronic pain during the initial periods of the epidemic, as it allowed patients with nonemergent conditions to remain at home and allowed hospitalized patients who had been discharged early to maintain continuity of care. The epidemic provided many medical professionals an opportunity to incorporate telemedicine into pain management for the first time due to the urgent need for remote health care services. cache = ./cache/cord-344688-uu3b529c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344688-uu3b529c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344423-jhdfscyw author = Lian, Xinbo title = Impact of city lockdown on the air quality of COVID-19-hit of Wuhan city date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5269 sentences = 274 flesch = 56 summary = The lockdown had a substantial environmental impact, because traffic pollution and industrial emissions are important factors affecting air quality and public health in the region. Due to the lack of central heating and chemical industry, in addition to the emissions from coal-fired enterprises such as power plants and the pollution transported from surrounding rural biomass burning activities, vehicle emissions are responsible for the most important pollution source affecting the air quality and public health in Wuhan (Daoru Liu, J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 5 2020). Compared with the corresponding periods, the rate of good days (AQI < 100) increased by 37.4%, which means that during the lockdown, the air quality in Wuhan had no significant effect on human health, and only some pollutants may have had a weak impact on the health of a small number of unusually sensitive people. cache = ./cache/cord-344423-jhdfscyw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344423-jhdfscyw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350822-m3t7l9zw author = Mo, Yuanyuan title = Work stress among Chinese nurses to support Wuhan in fighting against COVID‐19 epidemic date = 2020-05-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3619 sentences = 185 flesch = 59 summary = AIMS: To investigate the work stress among Chinese nurses who are supporting Wuhan in fighting against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection and to explore the relevant influencing factors. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the work stress load among Chinese nurses who support Wuhan in fighting against COVID-19 infection and to explore the relevant influencing factors for the development of psychological interventions for Chinese nurses in order that they can adjust to public health emergencies. The results showed that whether the participants are the only child in their families, working hours per week and anxiety were the main factors influencing the stress load of nurses assisting in the fight against COVID-19, which can explain 52.1% of the total variation, as shown in Table 2 . cache = ./cache/cord-350822-m3t7l9zw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350822-m3t7l9zw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351880-iqr419fp author = Fan, Changyu title = Prediction of Epidemic Spread of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Driven by Spring Festival Transportation in China: A Population-Based Study date = 2020-03-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8542 sentences = 400 flesch = 55 summary = Total 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 11,999 Hubei 1514 1508 1487 1465 1477 1547 8998 Henan 113 134 109 159 170 125 810 Anhui 59 58 55 53 56 46 327 Hunan 57 46 68 54 41 36 302 Jiangxi 58 40 53 57 49 34 291 Chongqing 34 29 34 33 33 35 198 Zhejiang 22 29 25 33 25 33 167 Sichuan 22 30 45 21 22 27 167 Fujian 14 17 16 15 39 19 120 Jiangsu 38 13 16 19 13 11 110 Shandong 12 18 11 13 8 12 74 Guangdong 7 8 18 18 14 8 73 Hebei 0 1 5 Tianjin 1 0 0 1 0 1 3 Shanghai 0 1 0 1 0 1 3 Inner Mongolia 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 Xizang 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 Ningxia 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 According to the current infectious features of 2019-nCoV, which are that middle-aged and elderly people have a high risk of infection, and transmission can occur between individuals, families and communities, we assessed several main variables. cache = ./cache/cord-351880-iqr419fp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351880-iqr419fp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355531-1cpli8kv author = LIANG, Jingbo title = The impacts of diagnostic capability and prevention measures on transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in Wuhan date = 2020-04-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3721 sentences = 220 flesch = 50 summary = However, most of the recent studies focused on the early outbreaks without considering improvements in diagnostic capability and effects of prevention measures together, thus the estimated results may only reflect the facts in a given period of time. Methods: We constructed a stochastic susceptible-exposed-infected-quarantined-recovered (SEIQR) model, embedding with latent periods under different prevention measures and proportions of documented infections to characterize the Wuhan COVID-19 transmission cross different stages of the outbreak. In this study, we have developed a stochastic susceptible-exposed-infected-quarantinedrecovered (SEIQR) model, embedding with latent periods and the transportation restriction control under the different proportion of documented infections to describe the Wuhan COVID-19 transmission pattern after the initial outbreak stage. This is the first study to demonstrate the effects of transportation restriction measures together with the improvement of diagnostic capacity on the transmission dynamics in Wuhan. cache = ./cache/cord-355531-1cpli8kv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355531-1cpli8kv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350338-lcsa06gm author = Wang, Kun title = Clinical and laboratory predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19: a cohort study in Wuhan, China date = 2020-05-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2469 sentences = 157 flesch = 51 summary = title: Clinical and laboratory predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19: a cohort study in Wuhan, China We then validated these models by randomly collecting COVID-19 patients in the Infection department of Union Hospital in Wuhan from January 1, 2020, to February 20, 2020. The laboratory model developed with age, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2), neutrophil and lymphocyte count, D-dimer, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) had a significantly stronger discriminatory power than the clinical model (p=0.0157), with AUC of 0.98 (95% CI, 0.92-0.99); threshold, -2.998; sensitivity, 100.00%; specificity, 92.82% and NPV, 100.00%. We developed a clinical model and laboratory model for predicting the in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 patients, the AUCs (95% CI) were 0.88 (0.80, 0.95) and 0.98 (0.92, 0.99) in training cohort, and 0.83 (0.68, 0.93) and 0.88 (0.77, 0.95) in validation cohort, respectively. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-350338-lcsa06gm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350338-lcsa06gm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315598-qwh72inx author = Mendoza, Jose Luis Accini title = ACTUALIZACION DE LA DECLARACIÓN DE CONSENSO EN MEDICINA CRITICA PARA LA ATENCIÓN MULTIDISCIPLINARIA DEL PACIENTE CON SOSPECHA O CONFIRMACIÓN DIAGNÓSTICA DE COVID-19 date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 69640 sentences = 6489 flesch = 54 summary = De otorgarse un Consentimiento Informado amplio, éste debería ser única y exclusivamente para los procesos asociados con COVID-19".(71) AMCI ® Se recomienda considerar la transición del cuidado intensivo al cuidado paliativo en todo paciente con sospecha o diagnóstico de COVID-19 sin mejoría a pesar de las intervenciones óptimas, con empeoramiento progresivo de su pronóstico vital y ante un evidente deterioro; aplicando medidas generales en control de síntomas ( Manejo de secreciones -Tratamiento del dolor -Tratamiento de la disnea -Sedación paliativa), así como apoyo espiritual, siempre acompañando al paciente y nunca abandonarlo en el final de la vida. En cuanto hace referencia a la situación actual de pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 y compromiso pulmonar; Wu y cols, en Marzo de 2.020 realizaron un estudio retrospectivo de 201 pacientes con COVID-19 en China; para aquellos pacientes que desarrollaron SDRA, el tratamiento con metilprednisolona estuvo asociado con una disminución del riesgo de muerte (23/50 [46%] con esteroides vs 21/34 [62%] sin esteroides; HR, 0.38 [IC 95%, 0.20-0.72]), con las limitaciones de los estudios retrospectivo, de un solo centro, con un limitado número de pacientes (400). cache = ./cache/cord-315598-qwh72inx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315598-qwh72inx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349276-viq01q8l author = Shaw, Rajib title = Governance, technology and citizen behavior in pandemic: Lessons from COVID-19 in East Asia date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9217 sentences = 412 flesch = 54 summary = The above description shows that within two months (from 13th of January, when first case was reported in Thailand, outside China to 13th of March, when USA declared emergency), the virus has taken a significant number of lives, affected a large number of people, and brought down many countries, including the economic hubs under lockdown. (1) The occurrence of first confirmed case and subsequent successful initial management: From the beginning of the COVID-19 situation, the Korean government, centered around the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC), has shared information with related organizations and established an effective response system. On top of that, as the government-wide response became more vital due to the rapid increase in the number of confirmed cases, MoIS took charge of the monitoring and management of people self-isolating, finding and surveying those who had visited the Wuhan region and may be contagious, locating and securing temporary living facilities and lifetime treatment centers through Countermeasures Support Headquarters (CSHQs). cache = ./cache/cord-349276-viq01q8l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349276-viq01q8l.txt ===== Reducing email addresses cord-281102-ohbm78it cord-296182-hhswage4 cord-338001-jig46hsk cord-337809-bxvgr6qg cord-348327-rgikd4g8 cord-344423-jhdfscyw Creating transaction Updating adr table ===== Reducing keywords cord-011558-ls6cdive cord-252804-u7tz6xzz cord-030934-t7akdu6x cord-029100-gxn15jgt cord-258748-nzynerfu cord-136515-e0j2iruo cord-029550-qodmamov cord-031001-x4iiqq5e cord-265206-ddg87zxv cord-267574-etnjo4nz cord-257556-lmws8eed cord-254968-czrgzyr3 cord-261246-m40kwgcg cord-267548-7mcfehzc cord-259149-svryhcgy cord-278638-2dm54f6l cord-262693-z9dolxky cord-027758-vgr6ht3a cord-275765-58iul47s cord-254538-vcf44w1k cord-259368-k8t8brjy cord-255905-ti9b1etu cord-279255-v861kk0i cord-262104-oig3qrr7 cord-261079-rarud78k cord-275835-z38cgov9 cord-273064-c58nf9vb cord-119576-8qp8o2g2 cord-279569-289fu2yb cord-103533-k1lg8c7q cord-277430-x02u7oh0 cord-259229-e8m8m4ut cord-273692-jwqrfb6h cord-279976-juz9jnfk cord-258113-mnou31j3 cord-280786-944pn0k9 cord-275853-fym8qze2 cord-279415-s823mver cord-273209-ou80n3p3 cord-280970-gy0kfhy6 cord-280892-net44oxu cord-285403-h8ahn8fw cord-285502-rvv64190 cord-281102-ohbm78it cord-282058-it0ojdk3 cord-266963-belin2jq cord-278325-ykcd7d59 cord-284890-s73hljz9 cord-266738-8xx1xm2d cord-284393-s9qp9a4e cord-283048-hyjzofps cord-287222-wojyisu0 cord-283891-m36un1y2 cord-288432-n2y9cunc cord-282652-2w3bx6p8 cord-285153-schpgyo0 cord-294385-6dlgv3tb cord-269453-30l6rzgo cord-286854-0s7oq0uv cord-286683-mettlmhz cord-283985-8mdnkegz cord-287499-zcizdc7s cord-289451-yjrh5l4u cord-287515-oe7adj91 cord-297168-t6zf5k99 cord-290758-kz0qfy3r cord-285315-7r44j3q9 cord-285772-4xt4anq5 cord-292537-9ra4r6v6 cord-291583-1nxfh9yt cord-298563-346lwjr8 cord-294333-6azdm42x cord-289322-5ciaonf0 cord-295386-voeptwrw cord-288616-7i1kukmn cord-294810-mq9vjnro cord-292144-jprbp1ua cord-299584-zpiaka80 cord-293831-28ddm9um cord-297470-lx3xwg92 cord-303799-9hh17k86 cord-301983-aks5z29t cord-298857-4y5o2p44 cord-302159-exexcag6 cord-284376-plwyjhl8 cord-304165-4f84pc83 cord-298899-lkrmg5qr cord-303203-1kpw4ru0 cord-304839-lesa5u2n cord-304925-9gvx3swf cord-296182-hhswage4 cord-304418-k9owyolj cord-298881-u6uqroi0 cord-301633-t8s4s0wo cord-304710-gjb6zo81 cord-305213-bt0qsbyf cord-304490-q9ab1pji cord-309001-erm705tg cord-324559-p92y5er2 cord-305422-t8azymo7 cord-305054-4d84b2g6 cord-306373-61snvddh cord-310676-125o0o7x cord-306690-s5mxes4r cord-309478-yhmgopmr cord-297552-n4uvsi3v cord-320930-9yiu0080 cord-311585-h4holhit cord-317465-ucwuptgg cord-306189-ugxou9z1 cord-321727-xyowl659 cord-309569-b9jcgx4s cord-323481-uz6usokd cord-314273-xhnv5cje cord-320953-1st77mvh cord-325032-3x5wklr4 cord-315525-u8goc7io cord-337809-bxvgr6qg cord-314311-xbpb9nfi cord-323882-127c5bve cord-319770-ddq2q1pg cord-336546-wcxqn5z2 cord-333226-o23da4x2 cord-338001-jig46hsk cord-314591-ylokznn5 cord-342012-1w3x0g42 cord-320955-xhp96abg cord-312399-7oaerpee cord-325012-yjay3t38 cord-337324-jxtch47t cord-316757-p370gjjn cord-328859-qx7kvn0u cord-339743-jxj10857 cord-338231-uni4aqxo cord-336963-evjmz49u cord-321358-plxz5mkg cord-345724-6u9q0ox9 cord-341135-gmi1ewc2 cord-327716-ehm4fgos cord-332387-rmmmhrjy cord-328787-r0i3zo6t cord-326721-2v5wkjrq cord-340369-y8o5j2be cord-328687-clr1e9p6 cord-316990-kz9782rj cord-335460-g8rsiiy7 cord-327096-m87tapjp cord-347257-s0w95qdn cord-326804-5psqro9d cord-339044-qy4jab37 cord-347204-cafr7f38 cord-342268-azi9i2a8 cord-343715-y594iewi cord-333262-xvfl7ycj cord-351167-4gpq5syb cord-333581-icp0xwhx cord-355528-y4a1g6km cord-344480-6tcush4w cord-352797-xuaqump9 cord-343767-nnx8adtl cord-348327-rgikd4g8 cord-352509-qrzt4zva cord-351600-bqw9ks4a cord-354717-4vrqzbof cord-342822-d7jx06mh cord-352030-hnm54k4r cord-353862-7xe3fvd5 cord-351567-ifoe8x28 cord-354095-4sweo53l cord-351651-6dbt99h0 cord-344688-uu3b529c cord-344423-jhdfscyw cord-350822-m3t7l9zw cord-351880-iqr419fp cord-350338-lcsa06gm cord-315598-qwh72inx cord-349276-viq01q8l cord-355531-1cpli8kv Creating transaction Updating wrd table ===== Reducing urls cord-252804-u7tz6xzz cord-258748-nzynerfu cord-265206-ddg87zxv cord-267574-etnjo4nz cord-257556-lmws8eed cord-254968-czrgzyr3 cord-267548-7mcfehzc cord-278638-2dm54f6l cord-275765-58iul47s cord-254538-vcf44w1k cord-255905-ti9b1etu cord-279255-v861kk0i cord-273064-c58nf9vb cord-279569-289fu2yb cord-103533-k1lg8c7q cord-273692-jwqrfb6h cord-279415-s823mver cord-280786-944pn0k9 cord-258113-mnou31j3 cord-275853-fym8qze2 cord-281102-ohbm78it cord-266738-8xx1xm2d cord-283048-hyjzofps cord-288432-n2y9cunc cord-294385-6dlgv3tb cord-282652-2w3bx6p8 cord-269453-30l6rzgo cord-286854-0s7oq0uv cord-286683-mettlmhz cord-287499-zcizdc7s cord-289451-yjrh5l4u cord-291583-1nxfh9yt cord-292537-9ra4r6v6 cord-289322-5ciaonf0 cord-295386-voeptwrw cord-299584-zpiaka80 cord-293831-28ddm9um cord-301983-aks5z29t cord-303799-9hh17k86 cord-284376-plwyjhl8 cord-304165-4f84pc83 cord-298899-lkrmg5qr cord-303203-1kpw4ru0 cord-296182-hhswage4 cord-304925-9gvx3swf cord-324559-p92y5er2 cord-305422-t8azymo7 cord-309478-yhmgopmr cord-310676-125o0o7x cord-306690-s5mxes4r cord-317465-ucwuptgg cord-311585-h4holhit cord-320930-9yiu0080 cord-321727-xyowl659 cord-314273-xhnv5cje cord-323481-uz6usokd cord-337809-bxvgr6qg cord-320953-1st77mvh cord-315525-u8goc7io cord-333226-o23da4x2 cord-319770-ddq2q1pg cord-314591-ylokznn5 cord-342012-1w3x0g42 cord-312399-7oaerpee cord-325012-yjay3t38 cord-337324-jxtch47t cord-339743-jxj10857 cord-338231-uni4aqxo cord-345724-6u9q0ox9 cord-327716-ehm4fgos cord-341135-gmi1ewc2 cord-326721-2v5wkjrq cord-316990-kz9782rj cord-326804-5psqro9d cord-333262-xvfl7ycj cord-327096-m87tapjp cord-347257-s0w95qdn cord-348327-rgikd4g8 cord-352509-qrzt4zva cord-354717-4vrqzbof cord-351600-bqw9ks4a cord-342822-d7jx06mh cord-352030-hnm54k4r cord-354095-4sweo53l cord-342268-azi9i2a8 cord-344423-jhdfscyw cord-355531-1cpli8kv Creating transaction Updating url table ===== Reducing named entities cord-011558-ls6cdive cord-252804-u7tz6xzz cord-030934-t7akdu6x cord-029100-gxn15jgt cord-258748-nzynerfu cord-136515-e0j2iruo cord-029550-qodmamov cord-031001-x4iiqq5e cord-267574-etnjo4nz cord-265206-ddg87zxv cord-257556-lmws8eed cord-254968-czrgzyr3 cord-261246-m40kwgcg cord-259149-svryhcgy cord-267548-7mcfehzc cord-278638-2dm54f6l cord-262693-z9dolxky cord-027758-vgr6ht3a cord-275765-58iul47s cord-254538-vcf44w1k cord-259368-k8t8brjy cord-255905-ti9b1etu cord-261079-rarud78k cord-275835-z38cgov9 cord-262104-oig3qrr7 cord-273064-c58nf9vb cord-119576-8qp8o2g2 cord-279569-289fu2yb cord-103533-k1lg8c7q cord-279255-v861kk0i cord-277430-x02u7oh0 cord-273692-jwqrfb6h cord-259229-e8m8m4ut cord-279415-s823mver cord-279976-juz9jnfk cord-280786-944pn0k9 cord-258113-mnou31j3 cord-275853-fym8qze2 cord-273209-ou80n3p3 cord-280970-gy0kfhy6 cord-280892-net44oxu cord-285403-h8ahn8fw cord-285502-rvv64190 cord-282058-it0ojdk3 cord-281102-ohbm78it cord-266963-belin2jq cord-278325-ykcd7d59 cord-284890-s73hljz9 cord-287222-wojyisu0 cord-284393-s9qp9a4e cord-283048-hyjzofps cord-283891-m36un1y2 cord-288432-n2y9cunc cord-282652-2w3bx6p8 cord-285153-schpgyo0 cord-294385-6dlgv3tb cord-269453-30l6rzgo cord-286854-0s7oq0uv cord-283985-8mdnkegz cord-287515-oe7adj91 cord-266738-8xx1xm2d cord-286683-mettlmhz cord-289451-yjrh5l4u cord-287499-zcizdc7s cord-297168-t6zf5k99 cord-290758-kz0qfy3r cord-285315-7r44j3q9 cord-292537-9ra4r6v6 cord-291583-1nxfh9yt cord-285772-4xt4anq5 cord-298563-346lwjr8 cord-294333-6azdm42x cord-289322-5ciaonf0 cord-295386-voeptwrw cord-294810-mq9vjnro cord-288616-7i1kukmn cord-299584-zpiaka80 cord-297470-lx3xwg92 cord-292144-jprbp1ua cord-293831-28ddm9um cord-303799-9hh17k86 cord-298857-4y5o2p44 cord-301983-aks5z29t cord-304165-4f84pc83 cord-297552-n4uvsi3v cord-302159-exexcag6 cord-298899-lkrmg5qr cord-303203-1kpw4ru0 cord-296182-hhswage4 cord-304839-lesa5u2n cord-304418-k9owyolj cord-298881-u6uqroi0 cord-304925-9gvx3swf cord-284376-plwyjhl8 cord-301633-t8s4s0wo cord-305213-bt0qsbyf cord-304710-gjb6zo81 cord-304490-q9ab1pji cord-309001-erm705tg cord-305422-t8azymo7 cord-305054-4d84b2g6 cord-306373-61snvddh cord-306690-s5mxes4r cord-309478-yhmgopmr cord-310676-125o0o7x cord-320930-9yiu0080 cord-317465-ucwuptgg cord-311585-h4holhit cord-306189-ugxou9z1 cord-309569-b9jcgx4s cord-314273-xhnv5cje cord-323481-uz6usokd cord-324559-p92y5er2 cord-321727-xyowl659 cord-337809-bxvgr6qg cord-320953-1st77mvh cord-315525-u8goc7io cord-325032-3x5wklr4 cord-314311-xbpb9nfi cord-323882-127c5bve cord-319770-ddq2q1pg cord-333226-o23da4x2 cord-336546-wcxqn5z2 cord-338001-jig46hsk cord-342012-1w3x0g42 cord-314591-ylokznn5 cord-320955-xhp96abg cord-312399-7oaerpee cord-325012-yjay3t38 cord-328859-qx7kvn0u cord-337324-jxtch47t cord-316757-p370gjjn cord-339743-jxj10857 cord-338231-uni4aqxo cord-345724-6u9q0ox9 cord-336963-evjmz49u cord-321358-plxz5mkg cord-341135-gmi1ewc2 cord-327716-ehm4fgos cord-332387-rmmmhrjy cord-328787-r0i3zo6t cord-326721-2v5wkjrq cord-328687-clr1e9p6 cord-335460-g8rsiiy7 cord-316990-kz9782rj cord-327096-m87tapjp cord-347257-s0w95qdn cord-326804-5psqro9d cord-339044-qy4jab37 cord-342268-azi9i2a8 cord-347204-cafr7f38 cord-343715-y594iewi cord-340369-y8o5j2be cord-333581-icp0xwhx cord-333262-xvfl7ycj cord-351167-4gpq5syb cord-344480-6tcush4w cord-352797-xuaqump9 cord-355528-y4a1g6km cord-348327-rgikd4g8 cord-343767-nnx8adtl cord-352509-qrzt4zva cord-351600-bqw9ks4a cord-354717-4vrqzbof cord-342822-d7jx06mh cord-352030-hnm54k4r cord-353862-7xe3fvd5 cord-351567-ifoe8x28 cord-351651-6dbt99h0 cord-354095-4sweo53l cord-351880-iqr419fp cord-344423-jhdfscyw cord-344688-uu3b529c cord-350338-lcsa06gm cord-350822-m3t7l9zw cord-355531-1cpli8kv cord-349276-viq01q8l cord-315598-qwh72inx Creating transaction Updating ent table ===== Reducing parts of speech cord-011558-ls6cdive cord-252804-u7tz6xzz cord-029100-gxn15jgt cord-258748-nzynerfu cord-265206-ddg87zxv cord-029550-qodmamov cord-031001-x4iiqq5e cord-267574-etnjo4nz cord-136515-e0j2iruo cord-030934-t7akdu6x cord-257556-lmws8eed cord-254968-czrgzyr3 cord-261246-m40kwgcg cord-278638-2dm54f6l cord-259149-svryhcgy cord-267548-7mcfehzc cord-262693-z9dolxky cord-275765-58iul47s cord-027758-vgr6ht3a cord-254538-vcf44w1k cord-259368-k8t8brjy cord-261079-rarud78k cord-255905-ti9b1etu cord-275835-z38cgov9 cord-273064-c58nf9vb cord-279569-289fu2yb cord-277430-x02u7oh0 cord-262104-oig3qrr7 cord-103533-k1lg8c7q cord-273692-jwqrfb6h cord-279415-s823mver cord-279976-juz9jnfk cord-258113-mnou31j3 cord-280786-944pn0k9 cord-273209-ou80n3p3 cord-280970-gy0kfhy6 cord-285403-h8ahn8fw cord-281102-ohbm78it cord-275853-fym8qze2 cord-119576-8qp8o2g2 cord-280892-net44oxu cord-285502-rvv64190 cord-259229-e8m8m4ut cord-284890-s73hljz9 cord-266963-belin2jq cord-284393-s9qp9a4e cord-288432-n2y9cunc cord-282058-it0ojdk3 cord-285153-schpgyo0 cord-278325-ykcd7d59 cord-287222-wojyisu0 cord-283891-m36un1y2 cord-282652-2w3bx6p8 cord-283048-hyjzofps cord-294385-6dlgv3tb cord-287499-zcizdc7s cord-287515-oe7adj91 cord-279255-v861kk0i cord-269453-30l6rzgo cord-286854-0s7oq0uv cord-283985-8mdnkegz cord-289451-yjrh5l4u cord-297168-t6zf5k99 cord-290758-kz0qfy3r cord-285315-7r44j3q9 cord-285772-4xt4anq5 cord-291583-1nxfh9yt cord-298563-346lwjr8 cord-292537-9ra4r6v6 cord-294333-6azdm42x cord-289322-5ciaonf0 cord-294810-mq9vjnro cord-288616-7i1kukmn cord-286683-mettlmhz cord-295386-voeptwrw cord-299584-zpiaka80 cord-292144-jprbp1ua cord-293831-28ddm9um cord-297470-lx3xwg92 cord-303799-9hh17k86 cord-301983-aks5z29t cord-298857-4y5o2p44 cord-304165-4f84pc83 cord-302159-exexcag6 cord-297552-n4uvsi3v cord-304839-lesa5u2n cord-303203-1kpw4ru0 cord-304710-gjb6zo81 cord-298899-lkrmg5qr cord-298881-u6uqroi0 cord-304925-9gvx3swf cord-301633-t8s4s0wo cord-296182-hhswage4 cord-305213-bt0qsbyf cord-309001-erm705tg cord-304418-k9owyolj cord-304490-q9ab1pji cord-306373-61snvddh cord-305054-4d84b2g6 cord-309569-b9jcgx4s cord-311585-h4holhit cord-320930-9yiu0080 cord-306189-ugxou9z1 cord-314273-xhnv5cje cord-323481-uz6usokd cord-305422-t8azymo7 cord-306690-s5mxes4r cord-309478-yhmgopmr cord-321727-xyowl659 cord-310676-125o0o7x cord-337809-bxvgr6qg cord-315525-u8goc7io cord-319770-ddq2q1pg cord-314311-xbpb9nfi cord-325032-3x5wklr4 cord-317465-ucwuptgg cord-266738-8xx1xm2d cord-333226-o23da4x2 cord-323882-127c5bve cord-336546-wcxqn5z2 cord-338001-jig46hsk cord-342012-1w3x0g42 cord-314591-ylokznn5 cord-320955-xhp96abg cord-312399-7oaerpee cord-320953-1st77mvh cord-325012-yjay3t38 cord-328859-qx7kvn0u cord-337324-jxtch47t cord-316757-p370gjjn cord-339743-jxj10857 cord-336963-evjmz49u cord-338231-uni4aqxo cord-345724-6u9q0ox9 cord-321358-plxz5mkg cord-341135-gmi1ewc2 cord-327716-ehm4fgos cord-332387-rmmmhrjy cord-328687-clr1e9p6 cord-328787-r0i3zo6t cord-326721-2v5wkjrq cord-340369-y8o5j2be cord-335460-g8rsiiy7 cord-316990-kz9782rj cord-327096-m87tapjp cord-284376-plwyjhl8 cord-347257-s0w95qdn cord-326804-5psqro9d cord-339044-qy4jab37 cord-347204-cafr7f38 cord-333581-icp0xwhx cord-342268-azi9i2a8 cord-351167-4gpq5syb cord-343715-y594iewi cord-344480-6tcush4w cord-352797-xuaqump9 cord-348327-rgikd4g8 cord-355528-y4a1g6km cord-343767-nnx8adtl cord-352509-qrzt4zva cord-351600-bqw9ks4a cord-354717-4vrqzbof cord-342822-d7jx06mh cord-353862-7xe3fvd5 cord-344688-uu3b529c cord-324559-p92y5er2 cord-351567-ifoe8x28 cord-351651-6dbt99h0 cord-350822-m3t7l9zw cord-352030-hnm54k4r cord-350338-lcsa06gm cord-355531-1cpli8kv cord-344423-jhdfscyw cord-333262-xvfl7ycj cord-351880-iqr419fp cord-354095-4sweo53l cord-349276-viq01q8l cord-315598-qwh72inx Creating transaction Updating pos table Building ./etc/reader.txt cord-315598-qwh72inx cord-286683-mettlmhz cord-279255-v861kk0i cord-315598-qwh72inx cord-279255-v861kk0i cord-286683-mettlmhz number of items: 176 sum of words: 792,120 average size in words: 4,981 average readability score: 52 nouns: patients; cases; coronavirus; infection; study; number; disease; data; outbreak; transmission; time; epidemic; virus; case; health; pneumonia; days; population; analysis; treatment; risk; symptoms; control; model; rate; preprint; cities; period; studies; people; characteristics; measures; infections; city; results; spread; hospital; syndrome; care; laboratory; group; license; information; level; age; contact; review; countries; individuals; lockdown verbs: use; confirmed; reported; included; show; infects; based; found; estimated; increase; associated; cause; follows; made; considered; reducing; compared; indicating; provide; identified; take; develop; suggested; related; spread; displayed; suspected; according; control; occur; needed; granted; give; isolated; performed; collected; describe; receiving; detected; affected; observed; assumed; knows; seen; present; hospitalized; led; emerged; determined; remain adjectives: clinical; respiratory; severe; novel; covid-19; medical; human; high; acute; different; early; first; public; viral; new; available; higher; infectious; infected; potential; social; chinese; positive; epidemiological; negative; non; large; significant; important; many; asymptomatic; local; similar; several; international; total; lower; initial; common; daily; mild; real; low; effective; specific; global; current; critical; possible; previous adverbs: also; however; well; respectively; therefore; still; significantly; even; first; recently; especially; highly; mainly; currently; previously; critically; less; now; relatively; approximately; rapidly; directly; later; much; far; already; moreover; furthermore; potentially; hence; worldwide; rather; prior; widely; finally; particularly; often; yet; likely; together; newly; initially; generally; statistically; subsequently; quickly; fully; clinically; effectively; almost pronouns: we; it; our; their; they; its; i; them; he; us; his; her; itself; she; themselves; one; mcr-9; you; your; my; him; me; myself; em; s; ya; ourselves; oneself; mg; β; zinc00011032; zero; yourself; yjay3t38; year×29; u; theirs; rad5; ours; nsp10; nausea/; mine; lesvos/; il)-2r; hydroxychloroquine; https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/; himself; herself; -1840; 's proper nouns: Wuhan; COVID-19; SARS; China; CoV-2; el; January; Hubei; los; Coronavirus; CoV; PCR; Health; February; con; para; Table; Fig; del; MERS; un; CT; pacientes; las; March; una; Province; en; Disease; Novel; ACE2; mcr-9; December; Hospital; RNA; Se; por; como; National; CC; K.; C; CI; medRxiv; World; EHV; es; RT; Chinese; UK keywords: wuhan; covid-19; china; sars; patient; january; hubei; cov-2; coronavirus; case; mers; infection; health; february; clinical; pcr; ace2; shanghai; pjp; icu; hcv; ehv; table; nurse; novel; international; control; zj01; zengdu; wickramasinghe; weibo; waste; virus; uso; united; una; uci; transport; toronto; tokyo; time; tcz; supplementary; student; spike; shenzhen; severe; september; seir; sdra one topic; one dimension: covid file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7258648/ titles(s): An Asymptomatic Patient with COVID-19 three topics; one dimension: wuhan; patients; sars file(s): https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0122726220300859?v=s5, https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445320300980, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32580969/ titles(s): ACTUALIZACION DE LA DECLARACIÓN DE CONSENSO EN MEDICINA CRITICA PARA LA ATENCIÓN MULTIDISCIPLINARIA DEL PACIENTE CON SOSPECHA O CONFIRMACIÓN DIAGNÓSTICA DE COVID-19 | Simulating and forecasting the cumulative confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 in China by Boltzmann function-based regression analyses | Coronavirus Disease 2019–COVID-19 five topics; three dimensions: wuhan cases covid; patients coronavirus 2019; patients covid clinical; sars cov coronavirus; en el con file(s): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idm.2020.06.008, https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445320300980, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32721958/, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103749, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0122726220300859?v=s5 titles(s): Using statistics and mathematical modelling to understand infectious disease outbreaks: COVID-19 as an example | Simulating and forecasting the cumulative confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 in China by Boltzmann function-based regression analyses | Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Haematologist''s Perspective | COVID-19 Coronavirus spike protein analysis for synthetic vaccines, a peptidomimetic antagonist, and therapeutic drugs, and analysis of a proposed achilles’ heel conserved region to minimize probability of escape mutations and drug resistance | ACTUALIZACION DE LA DECLARACIÓN DE CONSENSO EN MEDICINA CRITICA PARA LA ATENCIÓN MULTIDISCIPLINARIA DEL PACIENTE CON SOSPECHA O CONFIRMACIÓN DIAGNÓSTICA DE COVID-19 Type: cord title: keyword-wuhan-cord date: 2021-05-25 time: 18:11 username: emorgan patron: Eric Morgan email: emorgan@nd.edu input: keywords:wuhan ==== make-pages.sh htm files ==== make-pages.sh complex files ==== make-pages.sh named enities ==== making bibliographics id: cord-320955-xhp96abg author: Allam, Zaheer title: The First 50 days of COVID-19: A Detailed Chronological Timeline and Extensive Review of Literature Documenting the Pandemic date: 2020-07-24 words: 4740.0 sentences: 223.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320955-xhp96abg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320955-xhp96abg.txt summary: Interestingly, on this pandemic, though it took health official approximately 38 days to identify that they were dealing with a new kind of coronavirus, an artificial intelligence (AI)epowered algorithm developed by BlueDot, a Canadian startup tech company, provided early warnings that the world might be experiencing a new virus outbreak (Bowles, 2020) . In these first 50 days of the COVID-19 pandemic, despite the virus having spread to two more countries outside China, most of the global community were not particularly worried, as the perception was that only those who had come into contact with the Wuhan seafood market had the highest probability of being infected. For this reason, information from Chinese authorities (Wuhan City Health Committee, 2020) and those of the WHO (WHO, 2020a) stated that the December 8, 2019, marked the onset of the first 41 cases that were tested and which were later confirmed positive with COVID-19, then known as "2019-nCoV." abstract: This chapter surveys the global unfolding of events during the first 50 days of the COVID-19 pandemic in China. An extensive review of literature from both academic and popular sources provides a daily overview of the situation covering health, economic, political, and social perspectives and outlines the major course of actions. This chapter surveys, and lays, the chronological timeline of the outbreak, health policy, deaths, recovery, and socioeconomic measures and provides a factual narrative on the unfolding of the pandemic and, while doing so, underlines major milestones and contradictory findings and beliefs on the subject. This supports the perception that data collection varied between research groups, organizations, and national bodies, which later fueled differing viewpoints and policies for combatting the outbreak. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780128243138000012 doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-824313-8.00001-2 id: cord-333581-icp0xwhx author: Aziz, Muhammad title: Gastrointestinal predictors of severe COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-07-30 words: 4309.0 sentences: 295.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333581-icp0xwhx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333581-icp0xwhx.txt summary: Articles were selected if they reported data on COVID-19 patients with respect to gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhea, abdominal pain, and nausea/vomiting) or laboratory findings (serum AST, ALT, or TB). Our meta-analysis demonstrated significant correlations between gastrointestinal parameters (diarrhea, elevated serum ALT, AST and TB) and severe disease outcomes, i.e., respiratory distress, ICU admission, and/or death. • We performed a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature through May 31 st , 2020 to assess these manifestations with respect to disease severity • Our results indicate that diarrhea, abnormal ALT, AST and TB were associated with severe disease (intensive care unit admission, respiratory distress, and/or mortality) • Based on the current study results, patients with these manifestations should be stratified as highrisk and managed appropriately Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 pandemic has created a need to identify potential predictors of severe disease. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of gastrointestinal predictors of severe COVID-19. METHODS: An extensive literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane. Odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) were calculated for proportional and continuous outcomes using a random-effect model. For each outcome, a 95% confidence interval (CI) and P-value were generated. RESULTS: A total of 83 studies (26912 patients, mean age 43.5±16.4 years, 48.2% female) were included. Gastrointestinal predictors of severe COVID-19 included the presence of diarrhea (OR 1.50, 95%CI 1.10-2.03; P=0.01), elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (OR 4.00, 95%CI 3.02-5.28; P<0.001), and elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (OR 2.54, 95%CI 1.91-3.37; P<0.001). Significantly higher levels of mean AST (MD 14.78 U/L, 95%CI 11.70-17.86 U/L; P<0.001), ALT (MD 11.87 U/L, 95%CI 9.23-14.52 U/L; P<0.001), and total bilirubin (MD 2.08 mmol/L, 95%CI 1.36-2.80 mmol/L; P<0.001) were observed in the severe COVID-19 group compared to non-severe COVID-19 group. CONCLUSION: Gastrointestinal symptoms and biomarkers should be assessed early to recognize severe COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33162738/ doi: 10.20524/aog.2020.0527 id: cord-315525-u8goc7io author: Backer, Jantien A. title: The incubation period of 2019-nCoV infections among travellers from Wuhan, China date: 2020-01-28 words: 1957.0 sentences: 120.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315525-u8goc7io.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315525-u8goc7io.txt summary: Using the travel history and symptom onset of 88 confirmed cases that were detected outside Wuhan, we estimate the mean incubation period to be 6.4 (5.6 7.7, 95% CI) days, ranging from 2.1 to 11.1 days (2.5th to 97.5th percentile). Early January 2020, a novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV, has been identified as the infectious agent that causes an outbreak of viral pneumonia in Wuhan, China, where the first cases had their symptom onset in December 2019 [1] . Here we present the distribution of incubation periods estimated for travellers from Wuhan with confirmed 2019-nCoV infection, using their reported travel histories and symptom onset dates. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.27.20018986 doi: medRxiv preprint 5 Fig. 1 Time line for each case with travel history from Wuhan, sorted by symptom onset date. We characterized the distribution of incubation periods for Chinese travellers infected with 2019-nCoV in Wuhan, who were reported as cases between 20 and 28 January 2020. abstract: Currently, a novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV causes an outbreak of viral pneumonia in Wuhan, China. Little is known about its epidemiological characteristics. Using the travel history and symptom onset of 88 confirmed cases that were detected outside Wuhan, we estimate the mean incubation period to be 6.4 (5.6 - 7.7, 95% CI) days, ranging from 2.1 to 11.1 days (2.5th to 97.5th percentile). These values help to inform case definitions for 2019-nCoV and appropriate durations for quarantine. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.27.20018986 doi: 10.1101/2020.01.27.20018986 id: cord-030934-t7akdu6x author: Bahrami, Afsane title: Genetic and pathogenic characterization of SARS-CoV-2: a review date: 2020-08-26 words: 6472.0 sentences: 356.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030934-t7akdu6x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030934-t7akdu6x.txt summary: The first case of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in December 2019. Bioinformatics analysis of the viral genome from one COVID-19 patient shared 89 and 82% sequence similarity with bat SARS-like-CoVZXC21 and human SARS-CoV, respectively [41] . In a recent report it was shown that SARS-CoV-2''s S-protein entry into 293/human ACE2 receptor cells is primarily mediated via endocytosis, and that PIKfyve, a TPC2 and cathepsin L are crucial for virus entry. Findings of an open-label nonrandomized clinical trial among 22 infected patients indicated that hydroxychloroquine treatment significantly reduced viral load in COVID-19 cases and its effectiveness is promoted by azithromycin [99] . The M, E, and N structural proteins of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus are required for efficient assembly, trafficking, and release of virus-like particles Evidence that TMPRSS2 activates the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein for membrane fusion and reduces viral control by the humoral immune response abstract: The first case of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in December 2019. This virus belongs to the beta-coronavirus group that contains a single stranded RNA with a nucleoprotein within a capsid. SARS-CoV-2 shares 80% nucleotide identity to SARS-CoV. The virus is disseminated by its binding to the ACE2 receptors on bronchial epithelial cells. The diagnosis of COVID-19 is based on a laboratory-based reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test together with chest computed tomography imaging. To date, no antiviral therapy has been approved, and many aspects of the COVID-19 are unknown. In this review, we will focus on the recent information on genetics and pathogenesis of COVID-19 as well as its clinical presentation and potential treatments. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7451412/ doi: 10.2217/fvl-2020-0129 id: cord-355528-y4a1g6km author: Balla, Mamtha title: COVID-19, Modern Pandemic: A Systematic Review From Front-Line Health Care Providers’ Perspective date: 2020-03-30 words: 7504.0 sentences: 398.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355528-y4a1g6km.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355528-y4a1g6km.txt summary: The main aim of this systematic review is to provide a comprehensive clinical summary of all the available data from high-quality research articles relevant to the epidemiology, demographics, trends in hospitalization and outcomes, clinical signs and symptoms, diagnostic methods and treatment methods of COVID-19, thus increasing awareness in health care providers. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) infection, which is a global pandemic declared on March 11, 2020, by World Health Organization (WHO), was reported to have infected 168,000 cases worldwide in about 148 countries and territories and killed more than 6,610 people around the world as of March 16, 2020 [1]. According to the study by Xu et al, 60% of people diagnosed with COVID-19 had traveled to Wuhan or nearby regions (60%), 36% had close contact with novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) patients and 4% had no definite exposure [12] . Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused infection in 168,000 cases worldwide in about 148 countries and killed more than 6,610 people around the world as of March 16, 2020, as per the World Health Organization (WHO). Compared to severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome, there is the rapid transmission, long incubation period, and disease containment is becoming extremely difficult. The main aim of this systematic review is to provide a comprehensive clinical summary of all the available data from high-quality research articles relevant to the epidemiology, demographics, trends in hospitalization and outcomes, clinical signs and symptoms, diagnostic methods and treatment methods of COVID-19, thus increasing awareness in health care providers. We also discussed various preventive measures to combat COVID-19 effectively. A systematic and protocol-driven approach is needed to contain this disease, which was declared as a global pandemic on March 11, 2020, by the WHO. url: https://doi.org/10.14740/jocmr4142 doi: 10.14740/jocmr4142 id: cord-285315-7r44j3q9 author: Bein, Berthold title: SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: Empfehlungen zu Diagnostik und Therapie date: 2020-04-09 words: 2244.0 sentences: 280.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285315-7r44j3q9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285315-7r44j3q9.txt summary: Die Case Fatality Rate (Zahl der Infizierten, die verstirbt; Letalität) von SARS-CoV-2 beträgt aktuellen Berechnungen nach nur 1,4 %, wobei das Risiko für eine symptomatische Infektion mit zunehmendem Alter ansteigt (ca. Die Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) zitiert in ihren kürzlich publizierten Empfehlungen zur Behandlung von Patienten mit COVID-19 eine aktuelle Metaanalyse, in der keine Überlegenheit von speziellen "respiratory masks" (analog unseren FFP2/FFP3-Masken) gegenüber konventionellem Mund-Nasen-Schutz bezüglich einer Ansteckung von medizinischem Personal, das infektiöse Patienten betreut hatte, gefunden werden konnte [30] . Das bedeutet konkret, dass die Behandlung von Patienten mit COVID-19 zuallererst auf "Best Standard Care" beruht, also auf einer optimalen Anwendung evidenzbasierter Therapieempfehlungen, die für die Therapie des akuten Lungenversagens (Acute respiratory Distress Syndrome, ARDS) erarbeitet wurden [33] . abstract: COVID-19, a new viral disease affecting primarily the respiratory system and the lung, has caused a pandemic with serious challenges to health systems around the world. In about 20% of patients, severe symptoms occur after a mean incubation period of 5 – 6 days; 5% of patients need intensive care therapy. Morbidity is about 1 – 2%. Protecting health care workers is of paramount importance in order to prevent hospital acquired infections. Therefore, during all procedures associated with aerosol production, a personal safety equipment consisting of a FFP2/FFP3 (N95) respiratory mask, gloves, safety glasses and a waterproof overall should be used. Therapy is based on established recommendations issued for patients with acute lung injury (ARDS). Lung protective ventilation, prone position, restrictive fluid management and an adequate management of organ failures are the mainstays of therapy. In case of fulminant lung failure, veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may be used as a rescue in experienced centres. New, experimental therapies evolve with ever increasing frequency; currently, however, there is no evidence based recommendation possible. If off-label and compassionate use of these drugs is considered, an individual benefit-risk assessment is necessary, since serious side effects have been reported. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32274773/ doi: 10.1055/a-1146-8674 id: cord-306189-ugxou9z1 author: Bherwani, Hemant title: Valuation of air pollution externalities: comparative assessment of economic damage and emission reduction under COVID-19 lockdown date: 2020-06-10 words: 4605.0 sentences: 246.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306189-ugxou9z1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306189-ugxou9z1.txt summary: The air quality during the lockdown period for majorly polluted cities (i.e., Delhi, Wuhan, Paris, and London) is of high significance in determining the baseline pollution level and attributable health risk, to evaluate the potential fluctuation in monetary damages. An unprecedented attempt has been made to quantify the economic benefit due to reduction in an excess number of health risk subject to mortality/morbidity attributable to lower air pollutant (PM 2.5 , PM 10 , NO 2 , and SO 2 ) concentration in Wuhan, Paris, London, and Delhi. Ambient air quality for Delhi, London, Paris, and Wuhan cities for the lockdown month with the number of days for the years 2019 and 2020 as shown in Table 1 is considered for calculating the health damage cost due to air pollutants. abstract: Air pollution (AP) is one of the major causes of health risks as it leads to widespread morbidity and mortality each year. Its environmental impacts include acid rains, reduced visibility, but more importantly and significantly, it affects human health. The price tag of not managing AP is seen in the rise of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular disease, and respiratory ailments like asthma and chronic bronchitis. But as the world battles the corona pandemic, COVID-19 lockdown has abruptly halted human activity, leading to a significant reduction in AP levels. The effect of this reduction is captured by reduced cases of morbidity and mortality associated with air pollution. The current study aims to monetarily quantify the decline in health impacts due to reduced AP levels under lockdown scenario, as against business as usual, for four cities—Delhi, London, Paris, and Wuhan. The exposure assessment with respect to pollutants like particulate matter (PM(2.5) and PM(10)), NO(2), and SO(2) are evaluated. Value of statistical life (VSL), cost of illness (CoI), and per capita income (PCI) for disability-adjusted life years (DALY) are used to monetize the health impacts for the year 2019 and 2020, considering the respective period of COVID-19 lockdown of four cities. The preventive benefits related to reduced AP due to lockdown is evaluated in comparison to economic damage sustained by these four cities. This helps in understanding the magnitude of actual damage and brings out a more holistic picture of the damages related to lockdown. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-020-00845-3 doi: 10.1007/s11869-020-00845-3 id: cord-352797-xuaqump9 author: Bian, Xiaoen title: Influence of Asymptomatic Carriers With COVID-19 on Transplantation Resumption in Wuhan date: 2020-06-22 words: 519.0 sentences: 36.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352797-xuaqump9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352797-xuaqump9.txt summary: As of May 24, 6 574 093 NAT tests have been completed, with a total of 227 new asymptomatic carriers and 1 new confirmed case 1 . Due to the superficial understanding of COVID-19 and presence of asymptomatic infection in Wuhan, we instituted a protocol to prevent organ donor transmission of COVID-19. Before transplantation both deceased donors and potential recipients undergo SARS-CoV-2 NAT and antibody tests as well as CT scans, which are repeated twice, to avoid the known false negative rates of single tests in COVID-19 patients and detect patients in the early stages of developing symptomatic disease. To minimize transmission caused by asymptomatic carriers, potential deceased donors are quarantined in intensive care for >7 days while being tested. There have been no cases of COVID-19 detected among organ transplant donors and recipients. Wuhan Reopened for a Week, and No Case of Asymptomatic Infection Was Confirmed A case of coronavirus disease 2019-infected liver transplant donor abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32740319/ doi: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003356 id: cord-299584-zpiaka80 author: Biscayart, Cristian title: The next big threat to global health? 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV): What advice can we give to travellers? – Interim recommendations January 2020, from the Latin-American society for Travel Medicine (SLAMVI) date: 2020-02-29 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32006657/ doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101567 id: cord-262104-oig3qrr7 author: Brüssow, Harald title: COVID‐19: Test, Trace and Isolate‐New Epidemiological Data date: 2020-06-08 words: 7118.0 sentences: 365.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262104-oig3qrr7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262104-oig3qrr7.txt summary: Very similar information was reported in data describing household transmission in Wuhan, where children showed a 4% infection rate compared with 17% in adults. 1.6 million tests were used to identify 1''400 SARS-CoV-2-positive cases; 1000 patients had had exposure to infected people from Hubei. In Wuhan, 105 index cases of patients suffering from moderate COVID-19 symptoms (fever, cough, fatigue) were investigated for secondary transmission to 392 household contacts. The control measures that stopped the epidemic locally have included: intense infection surveillance of incoming travelers; isolation of COVID-19 cases in hospitals; contact tracing and quarantine in holiday camps; and school closure but no lock-down, thus preventing the crisis from having a negative economic impact. Model calculations showed that the containment measures (the quarantine of exposed, and the isolation of infected persons) which depleted the number of susceptible individuals for the virus, reproduced the actually observed case development. abstract: In the absence of an efficient drug treatment or a vaccine, the control of the COVID‐19 pandemic relies on classic infection control measures. Since these means are socially disruptive and come with substantial economic loss for societies, a better knowledge of the epidemiology of the new coronavirus epidemic is crucial to achieve control at a sustainable cost, and within tolerable restrictions of civil rights. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.15118 doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.15118 id: cord-297168-t6zf5k99 author: Brüssow, Harald title: The Novel Coronavirus – A Snapshot of Current Knowledge date: 2020-03-06 words: 4136.0 sentences: 207.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297168-t6zf5k99.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297168-t6zf5k99.txt summary: While bats are still considered the most likely source for this novel coronavirus, bats were already hibernating at the time of onset of this epidemic and no bats were sold at the Huanan food market in Wuhan, suggesting an intermediate animal host where adaptation to human transmission might have occurred. W. Tan and colleagues, who now constitute the China Novel Coronavirus Investigating and Research Team, described subsequently the isolation of further coronaviruses from three patients in Wuhan who tested negative for 18 viral and four bacterial respiratory pathogens. Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus infections involving 13 patients Outside Wuhan, China Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series abstract: Another animal to human transmission of a coronavirus occurred in December 2019 on a live animal market in the Chinese city of Wuhan causing an epidemic in China, reaching now different continents. This minireview summarizes the research literature on the virological, clinical and epidemiological aspects of this epidemic published until end of February 2020. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32144890/ doi: 10.1111/1751-7915.13557 id: cord-336963-evjmz49u author: Chen, Dong title: Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in a high transmission setting increases the risk of severe COVID-19 compared to exposure to a low transmission setting? date: 2020-06-05 words: 470.0 sentences: 38.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336963-evjmz49u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336963-evjmz49u.txt summary: title: Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in a high transmission setting increases the risk of severe COVID-19 compared to exposure to a low transmission setting? 1 However, the higher mortality persisted in Wuhan despite the fact that after the initial epidemic peak same clinical management guidelines were applied throughout China, and case fatality rates remained higher even when more medical personnel was deployed to Wuhan. 6 The high mortality in Northern Italy was also initially attributed to the fact that hospitals were overwhelmed by the onstorm of cases. But maybe there is another factor inherent to high transmission settings that lead to a higher case fatality rate as observed in our study? In conclusion, our study highlights that SARS-CoV-2 infection in a hotspot or epicentre with high transmission intensity may adversely impact mortality rates compared to infection in a low transmission area. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa094 doi: 10.1093/jtm/taaa094 id: cord-352509-qrzt4zva author: Chen, Haohui title: Social distance and SARS memory: impact on the public awareness of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak date: 2020-03-16 words: 3903.0 sentences: 223.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352509-qrzt4zva.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352509-qrzt4zva.txt summary: This study examines publicly available online search data in China to investigate the spread of public awareness of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. We use the continuing Wuhan coronavirus outbreak as our case study to estimate the effects of social distance and SARS memory on the spread of public awareness. The effects of social distance and SARS memory on the lead-time advantage are estimated according to Eq. 4, controlled by Euclidean distances, GDP per capita and the city''s administrative level (Table 1) . That means cities of strong SARS memory and which are closer to Wuhan in terms of Social distances develop early awareness. Through controlling for development, administrative levels, and Euclidean distances, we observe cities that were struck by SARS and have more migration to the epicentre, Wuhan, showed earlier, stronger and more durable public awareness of the outbreak. abstract: This study examines publicly available online search data in China to investigate the spread of public awareness of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. We found that cities that suffered from SARS and have greater migration ties to the epicentre, Wuhan, had earlier, stronger and more durable public awareness of the outbreak. Our data indicate that forty-eight such cities developed awareness up to 19 days earlier than 255 comparable cities, giving them an opportunity to better prepare. This study suggests that it is important to consider memory of prior catastrophic events as they will influence the public response to emerging threats. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.11.20033688 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.11.20033688 id: cord-261246-m40kwgcg author: Chen, Nanshan title: Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study date: 2020-01-30 words: 4003.0 sentences: 238.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261246-m40kwgcg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261246-m40kwgcg.txt summary: title: Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study We describe epidemi ological data (ie, shortterm [occasional visits] and longterm [worked at or lived near] exposure to Huanan seafood market); demographics; signs and symptoms on admission; comorbidity; labora tory results; coinfection with other respiratory pathogens; chest radiography and CT findings; treatment received for 2019nCoV; and clinical outcomes. This study is, to our knowledge, the largest case series to date of 2019-nCoV infections, with 99 patients who were transferred to Jinyintan Hospital from other hospitals all over Wuhan, and provides further information on the demographic, clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory features of patients. This is an extended descriptive study on the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of the 2019nCoV, including data on 99 patients who were transferred to Jinyintan Hospital from other hospitals across Wuhan. abstract: BACKGROUND: In December, 2019, a pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) emerged in Wuhan, China. We aimed to further clarify the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 2019-nCoV pneumonia. METHODS: In this retrospective, single-centre study, we included all confirmed cases of 2019-nCoV in Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital from Jan 1 to Jan 20, 2020. Cases were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR and were analysed for epidemiological, demographic, clinical, and radiological features and laboratory data. Outcomes were followed up until Jan 25, 2020. FINDINGS: Of the 99 patients with 2019-nCoV pneumonia, 49 (49%) had a history of exposure to the Huanan seafood market. The average age of the patients was 55·5 years (SD 13·1), including 67 men and 32 women. 2019-nCoV was detected in all patients by real-time RT-PCR. 50 (51%) patients had chronic diseases. Patients had clinical manifestations of fever (82 [83%] patients), cough (81 [82%] patients), shortness of breath (31 [31%] patients), muscle ache (11 [11%] patients), confusion (nine [9%] patients), headache (eight [8%] patients), sore throat (five [5%] patients), rhinorrhoea (four [4%] patients), chest pain (two [2%] patients), diarrhoea (two [2%] patients), and nausea and vomiting (one [1%] patient). According to imaging examination, 74 (75%) patients showed bilateral pneumonia, 14 (14%) patients showed multiple mottling and ground-glass opacity, and one (1%) patient had pneumothorax. 17 (17%) patients developed acute respiratory distress syndrome and, among them, 11 (11%) patients worsened in a short period of time and died of multiple organ failure. INTERPRETATION: The 2019-nCoV infection was of clustering onset, is more likely to affect older males with comorbidities, and can result in severe and even fatal respiratory diseases such as acute respiratory distress syndrome. In general, characteristics of patients who died were in line with the MuLBSTA score, an early warning model for predicting mortality in viral pneumonia. Further investigation is needed to explore the applicability of the MuLBSTA score in predicting the risk of mortality in 2019-nCoV infection. FUNDING: National Key R&D Program of China. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0140673620302117 doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30211-7 id: cord-289322-5ciaonf0 author: Chen, X. title: Epidemiological and clinical features of 291 cases with coronavirus disease 2019 in areas adjacent to Hubei, China: a double-center observational study date: 2020-03-06 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Abstract Background: The clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients in Hubei and other areas are different. We aim to investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patient with COVID-19 in Hunan which is adjacent to Hubei. Methods: In this double-center, observational study, we recruited all consecutive patients with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 from January 23 to February 14, 2020 in two designated hospitals in Hunan province, China. Epidemiological and clinical data from patients' electronic medical records were collected and compared between mild, moderate and severe/critical group in detail. Clinical outcomes were followed up to February 20, 2020. Findings: 291 patients with COVID-19 were categorized into mild group (10.0%), moderate group (72.8%) and severe/critical group (17.2%). The median age of all patients was 46 years (49.8% were male). 86.6% patients had an indirect exposure history. The proportion of patients that had been to Wuhan in severe/critical group (48.0% vs 17.2%, p=0.006) and moderate group (43.4% vs 17.2%, p=0.007) were higher than mild group. Fever (68.7%), cough (60.5%), and fatigue (31.6%) were common symptoms especially for severe and critical patients. Typical lung imaging finding were bilateral and unilateral ground glass opacity or consolidation. Leukopenia, lymphopenia and eosinopenia occurred in 36.1%, 22.7% and 50.2% patients respectively. Increased fibrinogen was detected in 45 of 58 (77.6%) patients with available results. 29 of 44 (65.9%) or 22 of 40 (55.0%) patients were positive in Mycoplasma pneumonia or Chlamydia pneumonia antibody test respectively. Compared with mild or moderate group, severe/critical group had a relative higher level of neutrophil, Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, h-CRP, ESR, CK, CK-MB, LDH, D-dimer, and a lower level of lymphocyte, eosinophils, platelet, HDL and sodium (all p<0.01). Most patients received antiviral therapy and Chinese Medicine therapy. As of February 20, 2020, 159 (54.6%) patients were discharged and 2 (0.7%) patients died during hospitalization. The median length of hospital stay in discharged patients was 12 days (IQR: 10-15). Interpretation: The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients in Hunan is different from patients in Wuhan. The proportion of patients that had been to Wuhan in severe/critical group and moderate group were higher than mild group. Laboratory and imaging examination can assist in the diagnosis and classification of COVID-19 patients. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.03.20030353v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.03.20030353 id: cord-325012-yjay3t38 author: Chen, Ze-Liang title: Distribution of the COVID-19 epidemic and correlation with population emigration from Wuhan, China date: 2020-02-28 words: 3839.0 sentences: 227.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325012-yjay3t38.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325012-yjay3t38.txt summary: Data on population migration from Wuhan city and Hubei province were extracted from Baidu Qianxi, and their correlation with the number of cases was analyzed. The relative risk according to time increased steadily from January 20 onwards and the upward trend continued as of January 30 [ Figure 2C ], indicating that the number of cases nationwide is on the rise. From January 1 to 23, 2020, the population that migrated out of Wuhan city and Hubei province increased steadily, peaking on January 21 and 22 [ Figure 4A ]. To analyze the correlation between the number of cases and the emigration in Wuhan city and Hubei province, population migration data were collected from Baidu Qianxi. The correlation coefficient between the provincial number of cases and emigration from Wuhan increased to 0.943, with the highest coefficient of 0.996 observed between Wuhan and other cities of Hubei provinces [ Figure 4E and 4F; Supplementary Tables 3 and 4 , http://links.lww.com/ CM9/A210]. abstract: BACKGROUND: The ongoing new coronavirus pneumonia (Corona Virus Disease 2019, COVID-19) outbreak is spreading in China, but it has not yet reached its peak. Five million people emigrated from Wuhan before lockdown, potentially representing a source of virus infection. Determining case distribution and its correlation with population emigration from Wuhan in the early stage of the epidemic is of great importance for early warning and for the prevention of future outbreaks. METHODS: The official case report on the COVID-19 epidemic was collected as of January 30, 2020. Time and location information on COVID-19 cases was extracted and analyzed using ArcGIS and WinBUGS software. Data on population migration from Wuhan city and Hubei province were extracted from Baidu Qianxi, and their correlation with the number of cases was analyzed. RESULTS: The COVID-19 confirmed and death cases in Hubei province accounted for 59.91% (5806/9692) and 95.77% (204/213) of the total cases in China, respectively. Hot spot provinces included Sichuan and Yunnan, which are adjacent to Hubei. The time risk of Hubei province on the following day was 1.960 times that on the previous day. The number of cases in some cities was relatively low, but the time risk appeared to be continuously rising. The correlation coefficient between the provincial number of cases and emigration from Wuhan was up to 0.943. The lockdown of 17 cities in Hubei province and the implementation of nationwide control measures efficiently prevented an exponential growth in the number of cases. CONCLUSIONS: The population that emigrated from Wuhan was the main infection source in other cities and provinces. Some cities with a low number of cases showed a rapid increase in case load. Owing to the upcoming Spring Festival return wave, understanding the risk trends in different regions is crucial to ensure preparedness at both the individual and organization levels and to prevent new outbreaks. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32118644/ doi: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000782 id: cord-278325-ykcd7d59 author: Cheung, Carmen Ka Man title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Haematologist''s Perspective date: 2020-07-28 words: 7672.0 sentences: 379.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278325-ykcd7d59.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278325-ykcd7d59.txt summary: Two meta-analyses showed that a lower platelet count is associated with an increased risk of severe disease and mortality in patients with COVID-19 and may serve as a marker for progression of illness [53, 54] . Experience from previous SARS patients, caused by SARS-CoV-1, suggested that coronavirus could cause thrombocytopenia by direct viral infection of bone marrow haematopoietic stem cells via CD13 or CD66a, formation of auto-antibodies and immune complexes, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), and consumption of platelet in lung epithelium [61, 62] . The International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) suggested all patients (including non-critically ill) who require hospital admission for COVID-19 infection should receive a prophylactic dose of LMWH unless contraindicated (Table 2 ) [102] . Clinical Course and Outcomes of Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: A Preliminary Report of the First 28 Patients from the Korean Cohort Study on COVID-19 abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is affecting millions of patients worldwide. It is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which belongs to the family Coronaviridae, with 80% genomic similarities to SARS-CoV. Lymphopenia was commonly seen in infected patients and has a correlation to disease severity. Thrombocytopenia, coagulation abnormalities, and disseminated intravascular coagulation were observed in COVID-19 patients, especially those with critical illness and non-survivors. This pandemic has caused disruption in communities and hospital services, as well as straining blood product supply, affecting chemotherapy treatment and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation schedule. In this article, we review the haematological manifestations of the disease and its implication on the management of patients with haematological disorders. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32721958/ doi: 10.1159/000510178 id: cord-252804-u7tz6xzz author: Ciotti, Marco title: COVID-19 Outbreak: An Overview date: 2020-04-07 words: 3558.0 sentences: 186.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252804-u7tz6xzz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252804-u7tz6xzz.txt summary: Inoculation of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from patients with pneumonia of unknown origin into human airway epithelial cells and Vero E6 and Huh7 cell lines led to the isolation of a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, previously named 2019-nCov [1] . As soon as on January 7, 2020, the Chinese health authorities had declared that a novel coronavirus was responsible for this outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan, a European network of academic and public laboratories designed an rRT-PCR protocol based on the comparison and alignment of previously available SARS-CoV and bat-related coronavirus genome sequences as well as five sequences derived from the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 made available by the Chinese authorities [23] . Regarding the sites under positive selective pressure found on the Spike glycoprotein, the results have shown that amino acid position 536 in COVID-19 has an Asn residue, while the Bat SARS-like coronavirus has a Gln 4 DOI: 10.1159/000507423 residue; the SARS virus, instead, has an Asp residue. Phylogenetic analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 genomes showed that the novel coronavirus responsible for the pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, China, belongs to the Betacoronavirus genus, subgenus Sarbecovirus [37] . abstract: BACKGROUND: In late December 2019, Chinese health authorities reported an outbreak of pneumonia of unknown origin in Wuhan, Hubei Province. SUMMARY: A few days later, the genome of a novel coronavirus was released (http://virological.org/t/novel-2019-coronavirus-genome/319; Wuhan-Hu-1, GenBank accession No. MN908947) and made publicly available to the scientific community. This novel coronavirus was provisionally named 2019-nCoV, now SARS-CoV-2 according to the Coronavirus Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the Coronaviridae family, Betacoronavirus genus, subgenus Sarbecovirus. Since its discovery, the virus has spread globally, causing thousands of deaths and having an enormous impact on our health systems and economies. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the epidemiology, phylogenesis, homology modeling, and molecular diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2. KEY MESSAGES: Phylogenetic analysis is essential to understand viral evolution, whereas homology modeling is important for vaccine strategies and therapies. Highly sensitive and specific diagnostic assays are key to case identification, contact tracing, identification of the animal source, and implementation of control measures. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32259829/ doi: 10.1159/000507423 id: cord-029100-gxn15jgt author: Clark, Anthony E. title: Conclusion date: 2020-07-14 words: 3142.0 sentences: 139.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-029100-gxn15jgt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029100-gxn15jgt.txt summary: It was written as the COVID-19 virus was sweeping across the globe, and Clark reflects upon the comparisons between the virus'' outbreak at Wuhan in 2019 and two French Catholic missionaries, François-Régis Clet, and Jean-Gabriel Perboyre, who were martyred in the Wuchang district of Wuhan in the mid-nineteenth century. It struck me that both of these missionaries, François-Régis Clet (1748-1820) and Jean-Gabriel Perboyre (1802-1840), were executed in a fashion uniquely relevant to the way in which this particular virus attacks those whom it infects, and that their stories might help explain how the contours of China''s Christian history connect to our own time. abstract: This conclusion of the compendium of essays by Anthony E. Clark summarizes the content and significance of his research on the history of Catholicism in China. It was written as the COVID-19 virus was sweeping across the globe, and Clark reflects upon the comparisons between the virus’ outbreak at Wuhan in 2019 and two French Catholic missionaries, François-Régis Clet, and Jean-Gabriel Perboyre, who were martyred in the Wuchang district of Wuhan in the mid-nineteenth century. Also considered in this conclusion is the trend among scholars to depict China’s relationship with the West and Christianity as one of “conflict” or “cooperation,” highlighting the two extremes of either irreconcilable difference or congruous sameness. Clark concludes this collection of essays with the suggestion that the historical exchange between China and the West has been rather an admixture of conflict and cooperation, but defined mostly as a relationship of friendship. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7355147/ doi: 10.1007/978-981-15-6182-5_5 id: cord-266963-belin2jq author: Cowling, Benjamin J title: Epidemiological research priorities for public health control of the ongoing global novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak date: 2020-02-13 words: 2429.0 sentences: 98.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266963-belin2jq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266963-belin2jq.txt summary: It is now 6 weeks since Chinese health authorities announced the discovery of a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) [1] causing a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, the major transport hub of central China. A number of important characteristics of 2019-nCoV infection have already been identified, but in order to calibrate public health responses we need improved information on transmission dynamics, severity of the disease, immunity, and the impact of control and mitigation measures that have been applied to date. For severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV), infectivity peaked at around 10 days after illness onset [7] , consistent with the peak in viral load at around that time [8] . In conclusion, there are a number of urgent research priorities to inform the public health response to the global spread of 2019-nCoV infections. Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.6.2000110 doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.6.2000110 id: cord-279255-v861kk0i author: Dhama, Kuldeep title: Coronavirus Disease 2019–COVID-19 date: 2020-06-24 words: 23862.0 sentences: 1164.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279255-v861kk0i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279255-v861kk0i.txt summary: Recently, a new type of viral infection emerged in Wuhan City, China, and initial genomic sequencing data of this virus do not match with previously sequenced CoVs, suggesting a novel CoV strain (2019-nCoV), which has now been termed severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Compared to diseases caused by previously known human CoVs, COVID-19 shows less severe pathogenesis but higher transmission competence, as is evident from the continuously increasing number of confirmed cases globally. Recently, a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) , emerged in late 2019, and it has posed a global health threat, causing an ongoing pandemic in many countries and territories (1) . Health workers worldwide are currently making efforts to control further disease outbreaks caused by the novel CoV (originally named 2019-nCoV), which was first identified in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, on 12 December 2019. abstract: In recent decades, several new diseases have emerged in different geographical areas, with pathogens including Ebola virus, Zika virus, Nipah virus, and coronaviruses (CoVs). Recently, a new type of viral infection emerged in Wuhan City, China, and initial genomic sequencing data of this virus do not match with previously sequenced CoVs, suggesting a novel CoV strain (2019-nCoV), which has now been termed severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is suspected to originate from an animal host (zoonotic origin) followed by human-to-human transmission, the possibility of other routes should not be ruled out. Compared to diseases caused by previously known human CoVs, COVID-19 shows less severe pathogenesis but higher transmission competence, as is evident from the continuously increasing number of confirmed cases globally. Compared to other emerging viruses, such as Ebola virus, avian H7N9, SARS-CoV, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), SARS-CoV-2 has shown relatively low pathogenicity and moderate transmissibility. Codon usage studies suggest that this novel virus has been transferred from an animal source, such as bats. Early diagnosis by real-time PCR and next-generation sequencing has facilitated the identification of the pathogen at an early stage. Since no antiviral drug or vaccine exists to treat or prevent SARS-CoV-2, potential therapeutic strategies that are currently being evaluated predominantly stem from previous experience with treating SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and other emerging viral diseases. In this review, we address epidemiological, diagnostic, clinical, and therapeutic aspects, including perspectives of vaccines and preventive measures that have already been globally recommended to counter this pandemic virus. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32580969/ doi: 10.1128/cmr.00028-20 id: cord-317465-ucwuptgg author: FANG, H. title: Human Mobility Restrictions and the Spread of the Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China date: 2020-03-26 words: 12068.0 sentences: 615.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317465-ucwuptgg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317465-ucwuptgg.txt summary: In this paper, we exploit the exogenous variations in human mobility created by lockdowns of Chinese cities during the outbreak of the Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV), and utilize a variety of high-quality data sets, to study the effectiveness of an unprecedented cordon sanitaire of the epicenter of COVID-19, and provide a comprehensive analysis on the role of human mobility restrictions in the delaying and the halting of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. We also estimate the dynamic effects of up to 22 lagged population inflows from Wuhan and other Hubei cities, the epicenter of the 2019-nCoV outbreak, on the destination cities'' new infection cases ( Figure 4 ). In this paper, we quantify the causal impact of human mobility restrictions, particularly the lockdown of the city of Wuhan on January 23, 2020, on the containment and delay of the spread of the Novel Coronavirus, and estimate the dynamic effects of up to 22 lagged population inflows from Wuhan and other Hubei cities, the epicenter of the 2019-nCoV outbreak, on the destination cities'' new infection cases. abstract: We quantify the causal impact of human mobility restrictions, particularly the lockdown of the city of Wuhan on January 23, 2020, on the containment and delay of the spread of the Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV). We employ a set of difference-in-differences (DID) estimations to disentangle the lockdown effect on human mobility reductions from other confounding effects including panic effect, virus effect, and the Spring Festival effect. We find that the lockdown of Wuhan reduced inflow into Wuhan by 76.64%, outflows from Wuhan by 56.35%, and within-Wuhan movements by 54.15%. We also estimate the dynamic effects of up to 22 lagged population inflows from Wuhan and other Hubei cities, the epicenter of the 2019-nCoV outbreak, on the destination cities' new infection cases. We find, using simulations with these estimates, that the lockdown of the city of Wuhan on January 23, 2020 contributed significantly to reducing the total infection cases outside of Wuhan, even with the social distancing measures later imposed by other cities. We find that the COVID-19 cases would be 64.81% higher in the 347 Chinese cities outside Hubei province, and 52.64% higher in the 16 non-Wuhan cities inside Hubei, in the counterfactual world in which the city of Wuhan were not locked down from January 23, 2020. We also find that there were substantial undocumented infection cases in the early days of the 2019-nCoV outbreak in Wuhan and other cities of Hubei province, but over time, the gap between the officially reported cases and our estimated "actual" cases narrows significantly. We also find evidence that enhanced social distancing policies in the 63 Chinese cities outside Hubei province are effective in reducing the impact of population inflows from the epicenter cities in Hubei province on the spread of 2019-nCoV virus in the destination cities elsewhere. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.24.20042424 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.24.20042424 id: cord-351880-iqr419fp author: Fan, Changyu title: Prediction of Epidemic Spread of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Driven by Spring Festival Transportation in China: A Population-Based Study date: 2020-03-04 words: 8542.0 sentences: 400.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351880-iqr419fp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351880-iqr419fp.txt summary: Total 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 11,999 Hubei 1514 1508 1487 1465 1477 1547 8998 Henan 113 134 109 159 170 125 810 Anhui 59 58 55 53 56 46 327 Hunan 57 46 68 54 41 36 302 Jiangxi 58 40 53 57 49 34 291 Chongqing 34 29 34 33 33 35 198 Zhejiang 22 29 25 33 25 33 167 Sichuan 22 30 45 21 22 27 167 Fujian 14 17 16 15 39 19 120 Jiangsu 38 13 16 19 13 11 110 Shandong 12 18 11 13 8 12 74 Guangdong 7 8 18 18 14 8 73 Hebei 0 1 5 Tianjin 1 0 0 1 0 1 3 Shanghai 0 1 0 1 0 1 3 Inner Mongolia 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 Xizang 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 Ningxia 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 According to the current infectious features of 2019-nCoV, which are that middle-aged and elderly people have a high risk of infection, and transmission can occur between individuals, families and communities, we assessed several main variables. abstract: After the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak, we estimated the distribution and scale of more than 5 million migrants residing in Wuhan after they returned to their hometown communities in Hubei Province or other provinces at the end of 2019 by using the data from the 2013–2018 China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS). We found that the distribution of Wuhan’s migrants is centred in Hubei Province (approximately 75%) at a provincial level, gradually decreasing in the surrounding provinces in layers, with obvious spatial characteristics of circle layers and echelons. The scale of Wuhan’s migrants, whose origins in Hubei Province give rise to a gradient reduction from east to west within the province, and account for 66% of Wuhan’s total migrants, are from the surrounding prefectural-level cities of Wuhan. The distribution comprises 94 districts and counties in Hubei Province, and the cumulative percentage of the top 30 districts and counties exceeds 80%. Wuhan’s migrants have a large proportion of middle-aged and high-risk individuals. Their social characteristics include nuclear family migration (84%), migration with families of 3–4 members (71%), a rural household registration (85%), and working or doing business (84%) as the main reason for migration. Using a quasi-experimental analysis framework, we found that the size of Wuhan’s migrants was highly correlated with the daily number of confirmed cases. Furthermore, we compared the epidemic situation in different regions and found that the number of confirmed cases in some provinces and cities in Hubei Province may be underestimated, while the epidemic situation in some regions has increased rapidly. The results are conducive to monitoring the epidemic prevention and control in various regions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32143519/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17051679 id: cord-284376-plwyjhl8 author: Fu, Xinmiao title: Simulating and forecasting the cumulative confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 in China by Boltzmann function-based regression analyses date: 2020-05-31 words: 14726.0 sentences: 782.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284376-plwyjhl8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284376-plwyjhl8.txt summary: All specimens tested negative by direct examination for PJ, whereas 27 were positive by real-time PCR (BAL, n = 18; sputa, n = 7, and TA, n = 2); Following stringent clinical, microbiological and imaging criteria ( Table 1 ) , PJP was deemed to be the most probable diagnosis in 12 episodes occurring in unique patients. In contrast, corticosteroid use within the month before sampling was not different between The probability of Pneumocystis jirovecii (PJ) pneumonia (PJP) for each patient was retrospectively evaluated by an expert committee including infectious diseases and microbiology specialists at both centers, on the basis of (i) documented PJ presence in respiratory specimens by microscopy; (ii) compatibility of clinical signs and symptoms (at least 2 of the following: subtle onset of progressive dyspnea, pyrexia, nonproductive cough, hypoxaemia and chest pain), (iii) compatible (suggestive) radiological findings (chest radiograph and/or high-resolution computed tomographic scan detection of interstitial opacities and/or diffuse infiltration infiltrates); (iv) complete resolution of symptoms after a full course of anti-PJP treatment; (v) absence of alternative diagnosis. abstract: • Cumulative confirmed cases in China were well fitted with Boltzmann function. • Potential total numbers of confirmed cases in different regions were estimated. • Key dates indicating minimal daily number of new confirmed cases were estimated. • Cumulative confirmed cases of 2003 SARS-CoV were well fitted to Boltzmann function. • The Boltzmann function was, for the first time, applied to epidemic analysis. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445320300980 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.019 id: cord-343715-y594iewi author: Gavriatopoulou, Maria title: Organ-specific manifestations of COVID-19 infection date: 2020-07-27 words: 8765.0 sentences: 447.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343715-y594iewi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343715-y594iewi.txt summary: Patients infected with this new coronavirus present with a variety of symptoms, which range from asymptomatic disease to mild and moderate symptoms (mild pneumonia), severe symptoms (dyspnoea, hypoxia, or > 50% lung involvement on imaging) and symptoms of critical illness (acute respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory failure, shock or multiorgan system dysfunction). A large retrospective observational study from China showed that among 214 hospitalized patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 36.4% had neurological manifestations [114] . The correlation of disease severity with neurological symptoms was confirmed by another retrospective study from France, reporting a prevalence of 84% of neurological manifestations in 58 hospitalized patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to COVID-19 [115] . Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series abstract: Although COVID-19 presents primarily as a lower respiratory tract infection transmitted via air droplets, increasing data suggest multiorgan involvement in patients that are infected. This systemic involvement is postulated to be mainly related to the SARS-CoV-2 virus binding on angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors located on several different human cells. Lung involvement is the most common serious manifestation of the disease, ranging from asymptomatic disease or mild pneumonia, to severe disease associated with hypoxia, critical disease associated with shock, respiratory failure and multiorgan failure or death. Among patients with COVID-19, underlying cardiovascular comorbidities including hypertension, diabetes and especially cardiovascular disease, has been associated with adverse outcomes, whereas the emergence of cardiovascular complications, including myocardial injury, heart failure and arrhythmias, has been associated with poor survival. Gastrointestinal symptoms are also frequently encountered and may persist for several days. Haematological complications are frequent as well and have been associated with poor prognosis. Furthermore, recent studies have reported that over a third of infected patients develop a broad spectrum of neurological symptoms affecting the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and skeletal muscles, including anosmia and ageusia. The skin, the kidneys, the liver, the endocrine organs and the eyes are also affected by the systemic COVID-19 disease. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the organ-specific systemic manifestations of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32720223/ doi: 10.1007/s10238-020-00648-x id: cord-314311-xbpb9nfi author: Ge, Huipeng title: The epidemiology and clinical information about COVID-19 date: 2020-04-14 words: 5263.0 sentences: 325.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314311-xbpb9nfi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314311-xbpb9nfi.txt summary: In November 2002, a novel betacoronavirus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) emerged in Guangdong, China, and resulted in more than 8000 infections and 774 deaths in 37 countries. This review makes a comprehensive introduction about this disease, including the genome structure and receptor of SARS-CoV-2, epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of COVID-19. The clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients ranged from mild non-specific symptoms to severe pneumonia with organ function damage. The COVID-19 patients around the world were diagnosed based on World Health Organization interim guidance [65] , and China updated the novel coronavirus pneumonia diagnosis and treatment program (trial version) (in Chinese) according to epidemic situation and improved awareness of disease. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series abstract: In December 2019, pneumonia of unknown cause occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. On 7 January 2020, a novel coronavirus, named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was identified in the throat swab sample of one patient. The World Health Organization (WHO) announced the epidemic disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Currently, COVID-19 has spread widely around the world, affecting more than seventy countries. China, with a huge burden of this disease, has taken strong measures to control the spread and improve the curative rate of COVID-19. In this review, we summarized the epidemiological characteristics, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of COVID-19. A comprehensive understanding will help to control the disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32291542/ doi: 10.1007/s10096-020-03874-z id: cord-273692-jwqrfb6h author: Golinelli, D. title: The impact of early scientific literature in response to COVID-19: a scientometric perspective date: 2020-04-18 words: 4447.0 sentences: 239.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273692-jwqrfb6h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273692-jwqrfb6h.txt summary: The study consisted of: 1) review of the scientific literature produced in the first 30 days since the first COVID-19 paper was published; 2) analysis of papers'' metrics with the construction of a Computed-Impact-Score (CIS) that represents a unifying score over heterogeneous bibliometric indicators. Specifically, the study consisted of the two following phases: 1) review of the scientific literature produced in the first 30 days since the first COVID-19 paper was published on MEDLINE/Pubmed; 2) identification of the Digital Object Identifiers (DOI) for each paper and analysis of citations and metrics measures to quantify their communicative impact (i.e. scientometric analysis). In particular, the 3 articles with higher CIS were "Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China" (Huang 2020) , "First Case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in the United States" (Holshue 2020) , and "A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster" (Chan 2020) , as reported in Table 3 . abstract: Background. In the early phases of a new pandemic, identifying the most relevant evidence and quantifying which studies are shared the most can help researchers and policy makers. The aim of this study is to describe and quantify the impact of early scientific production in response to COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. The study consisted of: 1) review of the scientific literature produced in the first 30 days since the first COVID-19 paper was published; 2) analysis of papers' metrics with the construction of a Computed-Impact-Score (CIS) that represents a unifying score over heterogeneous bibliometric indicators. In this study we use metrics and alternative metrics collected into five separate categories. On top of those categories we compute the CIS. Highest CIS papers are further analyzed. Results. 239 papers have been included in the study. The mean of citations, mentions and social media interactions resulted in 1.63, 10 and 1250, respectively. The paper with highest CIS resulted "Clinical features of patients[...]" by Chaolin Huang et al., which rated first also in citations and mentions. This is the first paper describing patients affected by the new disease and reporting data that are clearly of great interest to both the scientific community and the general population. Conclusions. The early response of scientific literature during an epidemic does not follow a pre- established pattern. Being able to monitor how communications spread from the scientific world toward the general population using both traditional and alternative metric measures is essential, especially in the early stages of a pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.15.20066183 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.15.20066183 id: cord-301633-t8s4s0wo author: Gralinski, Lisa E. title: Return of the Coronavirus: 2019-nCoV date: 2020-01-24 words: 3938.0 sentences: 186.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301633-t8s4s0wo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301633-t8s4s0wo.txt summary: Similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections, patients exhibited symptoms of viral pneumonia including fever, difficulty breathing, and bilateral lung infiltration in the most severe cases [1] . A range of disease has been observed highlighted by fever, dry cough, shortness of breath, and leukopenia; patients have included mild cases needing supportive care to severe cases requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; however, compared to SARS-CoV (10% mortality) and MERS-CoV (35% mortality), the 2019-nCoV appears to be less virulent at this point with the exception of the elderly and those with underlying health conditions. In the early part of the outbreak, the absence of infection in health care workers argued for inefficient human to human spread and distinguished 2019-nCoV from both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. abstract: The emergence of a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has awakened the echoes of SARS-CoV from nearly two decades ago. Yet, with technological advances and important lessons gained from previous outbreaks, perhaps the world is better equipped to deal with the most recent emergent group 2B coronavirus. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31991541/ doi: 10.3390/v12020135 id: cord-303203-1kpw4ru0 author: Guo, Jing title: Coping with COVID-19: Exposure to COVID-19 and Negative Impact on Livelihood Predict Elevated Mental Health Problems in Chinese Adults date: 2020-05-29 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic might lead to more mental health problems. However, few studies have examined sleep problems, depression, and posttraumatic symptoms among the general adult population during the COVID-19 outbreak, and little is known about coping behaviors. This survey was conducted online in China from February 1st to February 10th, 2020. Quota sampling was used to recruit 2993 Chinese citizens aged ≥18 years old. Mental health problems were assessed with the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD) Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression inventory, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Exposure to COVID-19 was measured with questions about residence at outbreak, personal exposure, media exposure, and impact on livelihood. General coping style was measured by the brief Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ). Respondents were also asked 12 additional questions about COVID-19 specific coping behaviors. Direct exposure to COVID-19 instead of the specific location of (temporary) residence within or outside the epicenter (Wuhan) of the pandemic seems important (standardized beta: 0.05, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.02–0.09). Less mental health problems were also associated with less intense exposure through the media (standardized beta: −0.07, 95% CI: −0.10–−0.03). Perceived negative impact of the pandemic on livelihood showed a large effect size in predicting mental health problems (standardized beta: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.10–0.19). More use of cognitive and prosocial coping behaviors were associated with less mental health problems (standardized beta: −0.30, 95% CI: −0.34–−0.27). Our study suggests that the mental health consequences of the lockdown impact on livelihood should not be underestimated. Building on cognitive coping behaviors reappraisal or cognitive behavioral treatments may be most promising. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32485859/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17113857 id: cord-279415-s823mver author: Guo, Xiaodong title: Survey of COVID-19 Disease Among Orthopaedic Surgeons in Wuhan, People’s Republic of China date: 2020-04-23 words: 3427.0 sentences: 171.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279415-s823mver.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279415-s823mver.txt summary: We investigated the situation of infection of orthopaedic surgeons and trainees working in general wards, outpatient clinics, intensive care units, or operating rooms in Wuhan hospitals, and we further explored the possible risk factors at the individual level using a matched case-control study. The questionnaire included the information about demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, awareness to the outbreak at an early stage, COVID-19 exposure history, availability of and participation in the infection control training provided by the hospital, and individual protection practices (e.g., good hand-washing hygiene and wearing face masks). There was confirmed transmission from these doctors to others in 25% of cases, including to family members Severe fatigue of orthopaedic surgeons during the 2 months before the outbreak of COVID-19 was found to be a risk factor for the infection (Table IV) (OR, 4 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1 to 16]). abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) broke out in Wuhan, the People’s Republic of China, in December 2019 and now is a pandemic all around the world. Some orthopaedic surgeons in Wuhan were infected with COVID-19. METHODS: We conducted a survey to identify the orthopaedic surgeons who were infected with COVID-19 in Wuhan. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to collect information such as social demographic variables, clinical manifestations, exposure history, awareness of the outbreak, infection control training provided by hospitals, and individual protection practices. To further explore the possible risk factors at the individual level, a 1:2 matched case-control study was conducted. RESULTS: A total of 26 orthopaedic surgeons from 8 hospitals in Wuhan were identified as having COVID-19. The incidence in each hospital varied from 1.5% to 20.7%. The onset of symptoms was from January 13 to February 5, 2020, and peaked on January 23, 8 days prior to the peak of the public epidemic. The suspected sites of exposure were general wards (79.2%), public places at the hospital (20.8%), operating rooms (12.5%), the intensive care unit (4.2%), and the outpatient clinic (4.2%). There was transmission from these doctors to others in 25% of cases, including to family members (20.8%), to colleagues (4.2%), to patients (4.2%), and to friends (4.2%). Participation in real-time training on prevention measures was found to have a protective effect against COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR], 0.12). Not wearing an N95 respirator was found to be a risk factor (OR, 5.20 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.09 to 25.00]). Wearing respirators or masks all of the time was found to be protective (OR, 0.15). Severe fatigue was found to be a risk factor (OR, 4 [95% CI, 1 to 16]) for infection with COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: Orthopaedic surgeons are at risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. Common places of work could be contaminated. Orthopaedic surgeons have to be more vigilant and take more precautions to avoid infection with COVID-19. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Diagnostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. url: https://doi.org/10.2106/jbjs.20.00417 doi: 10.2106/jbjs.20.00417 id: cord-281102-ohbm78it author: Gutzeit, Andreas title: What can European radiologists learn from the outbreak of COVID-19 in China? A discussion with a radiologist from Wuhan date: 2020-04-08 words: 1422.0 sentences: 89.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281102-ohbm78it.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281102-ohbm78it.txt summary: communication is to determine what we can learn from the Chinese experience and how hospitals and radiology departments all around the world can prepare for a widespread outbreak of this disease. The training content was standard prevention, personal protection, correct use of protective equipment, procedures to optimize putting on and removing protective equipment, hand hygiene, isolation measures, medical waste management, and air and environmental surface cleaning and disinfection. The director of the clinical and medical technology department in Wuhan was the most important person during the coronavirus crisis. The Hospital Infection Management established an inspection system to strengthen the guidance and supervision of the implementation of the clinical department''s control measures and the correct wearing of protective equipment. In Wuhan, desktop, computer, and intercom systems in the radiology departments were regularly cleaned after use with 250-500 mg/L chlorinated disinfectant or 75% (v/v) medical ethanol. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32270314/ doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-06841-6 id: cord-273064-c58nf9vb author: Hallowell, Benjamin D. title: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Prevalence, Seroprevalence, and Exposure among Evacuees from Wuhan, China, 2020 date: 2020-09-17 words: 3519.0 sentences: 168.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273064-c58nf9vb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273064-c58nf9vb.txt summary: At arrival in the United States and again at the quarantine facility, evacuees were asked to complete a US Traveler''s Health Declaration form disclosing any symptoms; they were also screened for illness and fever, asked about symptoms in the past 72 hours, and asked about any high-risk exposures (including working in or visiting healthcare settings; caring for or visiting persons with fever, respiratory illness, or a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis; or visiting any live animal markets) in Wuhan in the past 14 days. The survey captured information on demographics, clinical signs/ symptoms, travel outside of Hubei Province, face mask use, limitation of time spent in public, and past high-risk exposures (including contact with confirmed COVID-19 case-patients; persons with fever, acute respiratory illness, or both; healthcare and laboratory facilities; and animals and live animal markets). abstract: To determine prevalence of, seroprevalence of, and potential exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among a cohort of evacuees returning to the United States from Wuhan, China, in January 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional study of quarantined evacuees from 1 repatriation flight. Overall, 193 of 195 evacuees completed exposure surveys and submitted upper respiratory or serum specimens or both at arrival in the United States. Nearly all evacuees had taken preventive measures to limit potential exposure while in Wuhan, and none had detectable SARS-CoV-2 in upper respiratory tract specimens, suggesting the absence of asymptomatic respiratory shedding among this group at the time of testing. Evidence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 1 evacuee, who reported experiencing no symptoms or high-risk exposures in the previous 2 months. These findings demonstrated that this group of evacuees posed a low risk of introducing SARS-CoV-2 to the United States. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32620182/ doi: 10.3201/eid2609.201590 id: cord-316990-kz9782rj author: Han, Xuehua title: Using Social Media to Mine and Analyze Public Opinion Related to COVID-19 in China date: 2020-04-17 words: 8473.0 sentences: 409.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316990-kz9782rj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316990-kz9782rj.txt summary: A secondary classification was implemented to divide "personal response", "opinion and sentiments", and "seeking help" into 13 more detailed sub-topics, including "fear and worry", "questioning the government and media", "condemning bad habits", "objective comment", "taking scientific protective measures", "blessing and praying", "appealing for aiding patients", "willing to return work", "staying at home and taking necessary precautions", "popularizing anti-epidemic knowledge in family", "seeking medical help", "seeking relief materials", and "other". Figure 5b shows the spatial distribution of the kernel density with a search radius of 200 km, indicating that the high-density areas of Weibo related to COVID-19 were in Wuhan In order to explore the correlation between public opinion and the epidemic situation, this study used Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) software to perform Spearman correlation analysis on the number of relevant Weibo texts and confirmed cases in provincial level (number is 34). abstract: The outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a grave global public health emergency. Nowadays, social media has become the main channel through which the public can obtain information and express their opinions and feelings. This study explored public opinion in the early stages of COVID-19 in China by analyzing Sina-Weibo (a Twitter-like microblogging system in China) texts in terms of space, time, and content. Temporal changes within one-hour intervals and the spatial distribution of COVID-19-related Weibo texts were analyzed. Based on the latent Dirichlet allocation model and the random forest algorithm, a topic extraction and classification model was developed to hierarchically identify seven COVID-19-relevant topics and 13 sub-topics from Weibo texts. The results indicate that the number of Weibo texts varied over time for different topics and sub-topics corresponding with the different developmental stages of the event. The spatial distribution of COVID-19-relevant Weibo was mainly concentrated in Wuhan, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, and the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration. There is a synchronization between frequent daily discussions on Weibo and the trend of the COVID-19 outbreak in the real world. Public response is very sensitive to the epidemic and significant social events, especially in urban agglomerations with convenient transportation and a large population. The timely dissemination and updating of epidemic-related information and the popularization of such information by the government can contribute to stabilizing public sentiments. However, the surge of public demand and the hysteresis of social support demonstrated that the allocation of medical resources was under enormous pressure in the early stage of the epidemic. It is suggested that the government should strengthen the response in terms of public opinion and epidemic prevention and exert control in key epidemic areas, urban agglomerations, and transboundary areas at the province level. In controlling the crisis, accurate response countermeasures should be formulated following public help demands. The findings can help government and emergency agencies to better understand the public opinion and sentiments towards COVID-19, to accelerate emergency responses, and to support post-disaster management. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082788 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17082788 id: cord-031001-x4iiqq5e author: Hou, Fan Fan title: Personnel protection strategy for healthcare workers in Wuhan during the COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-07-20 words: 2512.0 sentences: 127.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-031001-x4iiqq5e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-031001-x4iiqq5e.txt summary: DESIGN: During the COVID-19 pandemic, 943 healthcare staff sent from Guangzhou to Wuhan to care for patients with suspected/confirmed COVID-19 received infection precaution training before their mission and were equipped with Level 2/3 personal protective equipment (PPE), in accordance with guidelines from the National Health Commission of China. The seropositivity for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (IgG, IgM, or both IgG/IgM positive) was 3.4% (53 out of 1571) in local healthcare workers from Wuhan with Level 2/3 PPE working in isolation areas and 5.4% (126 out of 2336) in healthcare staff with Level 1 PPE working in non-isolation medical areas, respectively. The seropositivity for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (IgG, IgM, or both IgG/IgM positive) was 3.4% (53/1571) in local healthcare workers from Wuhan with Level 2/3 PPE working in isolation areas and 5.4% (126/2336) in healthcare staff with Level 1 PPE working in non-isolation medical areas, respectively (Table 3) . abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the effectiveness of a personnel protection strategy in protection of healthcare workers from SARS-CoV-2 infection. DESIGN: During the COVID-19 pandemic, 943 healthcare staff sent from Guangzhou to Wuhan to care for patients with suspected/confirmed COVID-19 received infection precaution training before their mission and were equipped with Level 2/3 personal protective equipment (PPE), in accordance with guidelines from the National Health Commission of China. We conducted a serological survey on the cumulative attack rate of SARS-CoV-2 among the healthcare workers sent to Wuhan and compared the seropositive rate to that in local healthcare workers from Wuhan and Jingzhou. RESULTS: Serial tests for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and tests for SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin M and G after the 6-8 week mission revealed a zero cumulative attack rate. Among the local healthcare workers in Wuhan and Jingzhou of Hubei Province, 2.5% (113 out of 4495) and 0.32% (10 out of 3091) had RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19, respectively. The seropositivity for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (IgG, IgM, or both IgG/IgM positive) was 3.4% (53 out of 1571) in local healthcare workers from Wuhan with Level 2/3 PPE working in isolation areas and 5.4% (126 out of 2336) in healthcare staff with Level 1 PPE working in non-isolation medical areas, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Our study confirmed that adequate training/PPE can protect medical personnel against SARS-CoV-2. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7454919/ doi: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbaa024 id: cord-283891-m36un1y2 author: Hu, Bisong title: First, second and potential third generation spreads of the COVID-19 epidemic in mainland China: an early exploratory study incorporating location-based service data of mobile devices date: 2020-05-17 words: 4656.0 sentences: 220.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283891-m36un1y2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283891-m36un1y2.txt summary: Methods We used spatiotemporal data of COVID-19 cases in mainland China and two categories of location-based service (LBS) data of mobile devices from the primary and secondary epidemic sources to calculate Pearson correlation coefficient,r, and spatial stratified heterogeneity, q, statistics. Here, using location-based service (LBS) data of mobile devices, we analyzed the spatiotemporal association of the confirmed COVID-19 cases and human movements from the sources of the epidemic outbreak, and revealed the first, second and potential third generation spreads of the COVID-19 epidemic in mainland China. Based on the above datasets of COVID-19 cases in mainland China and two categories of location-based service data of mobile devices from the epidemic sources, we calculated their Pearson correlation coefficient, r, and spatial stratified heterogeneity (SSH), q, statistics. abstract: Abstract Objectives The outbreak of atypical pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has currently become a global concern. The generations of the epidemic spread are not well known, yet these are critical parameters to facilitate an understanding of the epidemic. A seafood wholesale market and Wuhan city, China, were recognized as the primary and secondary epidemic sources. Human movements nationwide from the two epidemic sources revealed the characteristics of the first-generation and second-generation spreads of the COVID-19 epidemic, as well as the potential third-generation spread. Methods We used spatiotemporal data of COVID-19 cases in mainland China and two categories of location-based service (LBS) data of mobile devices from the primary and secondary epidemic sources to calculate Pearson correlation coefficient,r, and spatial stratified heterogeneity, q, statistics. Results Two categories of device trajectories had generally significant correlations and determinant powers of the epidemic spread. Bothr and q statistics decreased with distance from the epidemic sources and their associations changed with time. At the beginning of the epidemic, the mixed first-generation and second-generation spreads appeared in most cities with confirmed cases. They strongly interacted to enhance the epidemic in Hubei province and the trend was also significant in the provinces adjacent to Hubei. The third-generation spread started in Wuhan from January 17 to 20, 2020, and in Hubei from January 23 to 24. No obvious third-generation spread was detected outside Hubei. Conclusions The findings provide important foundations to quantify the effect of human movement on epidemic spread and inform ongoing control strategies. The spatiotemporal association between the epidemic spread and human movements from the primary and secondary epidemic sources indicates a transfer from second to third generations of the infection. Urgent control measures include preventing the potential third-generation spread in mainland China, eliminating it in Hubei, and reducing the interaction influence of first-generation and second-generation spreads. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.048 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.048 id: cord-278638-2dm54f6l author: Huang, Ian title: Lymphopenia in severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-05-24 words: 3105.0 sentences: 207.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278638-2dm54f6l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278638-2dm54f6l.txt summary: Research articles in adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 with information on lymphocyte count and several outcomes of interest, including mortality, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), intensive care unit (ICU) care, and severe COVID-19, were included in the analysis. We used standardized forms that included author, year, study design, age, gender, cardiac comorbidities, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, smoking, lymphocyte count, lymphopenia, mortality, ARDS, ICU care, and severe COVID-19. Random-effects meta-regression analysis showed that the association between lower lymphocyte count in patients with composite poor outcome was affected by age (p = 0.034) (Fig. 3a) , but not by gender (p = 0.109), cardiac comorbidity (p = 0.953) (Fig. 3b) , hypertension (p = 0.065) (Fig. 3c) , diabetes mellitus (p = 0.931), COPD (p = 0.798), and smoking (p = 0.581). This meta-analysis showed that lower lymphocyte count was associated with increased mortality, ARDS, need for ICU care, and severe COVID-19. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Clinical and laboratory biomarkers to predict the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are essential in this pandemic situation of which resource allocation must be urgently prepared especially in the context of respiratory support readiness. Lymphocyte count has been a marker of interest since the first COVID-19 publication. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to investigate the association of lymphocyte count on admission and the severity of COVID-19. We would also like to analyze whether patient characteristics such as age and comorbidities affect the relationship between lymphocyte count and COVID-19. METHODS: Comprehensive and systematic literature search was performed from PubMed, SCOPUS, EuropePMC, ProQuest, Cochrane Central Databases, and Google Scholar. Research articles in adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 with information on lymphocyte count and several outcomes of interest, including mortality, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), intensive care unit (ICU) care, and severe COVID-19, were included in the analysis. Inverse variance method was used to obtain mean differences and its standard deviations. Maentel-Haenszel formula was used to calculate dichotomous variables to obtain odds ratios (ORs) along with its 95% confidence intervals. Random-effect models were used for meta-analysis regardless of heterogeneity. Restricted-maximum likelihood random-effects meta-regression was performed for age, gender, cardiac comorbidity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, COPD, and smoking. RESULTS: There were a total of 3099 patients from 24 studies. Meta-analysis showed that patients with poor outcome have a lower lymphocyte count (mean difference − 361.06 μL [− 439.18, − 282.95], p < 0.001; I(2) 84%) compared to those with good outcome. Subgroup analysis showed lower lymphocyte count in patients who died (mean difference − 395.35 μL [− 165.64, − 625.07], p < 0.001; I(2) 87%), experienced ARDS (mean difference − 377.56 μL [− 271.89, − 483.22], p < 0.001; I(2) 0%), received ICU care (mean difference − 376.53 μL [− 682.84, − 70.22], p = 0.02; I(2) 89%), and have severe COVID-19 (mean difference − 353.34 μL [− 250.94, − 455.73], p < 0.001; I(2) 85%). Lymphopenia was associated with severe COVID-19 (OR 3.70 [2.44, 5.63], p < 0.001; I(2) 40%). Meta-regression showed that the association between lymphocyte count and composite poor outcome was affected by age (p = 0.034). CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis showed that lymphopenia on admission was associated with poor outcome in patients with COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32483488/ doi: 10.1186/s40560-020-00453-4 id: cord-298881-u6uqroi0 author: Huang, Ian title: Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased mortality and severity of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia – A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression() date: 2020-04-17 words: 3160.0 sentences: 205.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298881-u6uqroi0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298881-u6uqroi0.txt summary: title: Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased mortality and severity of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia – A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression() Meta-analysis showed that DM was associated with composite poor outcome (RR 2.38 [1.88, 3.03], p < 0.001; I(2): 62%) and its subgroup which comprised of mortality (RR 2.12 [1.44, 3.11], p < 0.001; I(2): 72%), severe COVID-19 (RR 2.45 [1.79, 3.35], p < 0.001; I(2): 45%), ARDS (RR 4.64 [1.86, 11.58], p = 0.001; I(2): 9%), and disease progression (RR 3.31 [1.08, 10.14], p = 0.04; I(2): 0%). Data extraction was performed independently by two authors (IH and RP), we used standardized forms that include author, year, study design, age, gender, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, DM, need for ICU care, and severe COVID-19. This comprehensive meta-analysis of 30 studies showed that DM was associated with poor outcome that comprises of mortality, severe COVID-19, ARDS, and disease progression in patients with COVID-19. abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is chronic conditions with devastating multi-systemic complication and may be associated with severe form of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to investigate the association between DM and poor outcome in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. METHODS: Systematic literature search was performed from several electronic databases on subjects that assess DM and outcome in COVID-19 pneumonia. The outcome of interest was composite poor outcome, including mortality, severe COVID-19, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), need for intensive care unit (ICU) care, and disease progression. RESULTS: There were a total of 6452 patients from 30 studies. Meta-analysis showed that DM was associated with composite poor outcome (RR 2.38 [1.88, 3.03], p < 0.001; I(2): 62%) and its subgroup which comprised of mortality (RR 2.12 [1.44, 3.11], p < 0.001; I(2): 72%), severe COVID-19 (RR 2.45 [1.79, 3.35], p < 0.001; I(2): 45%), ARDS (RR 4.64 [1.86, 11.58], p = 0.001; I(2): 9%), and disease progression (RR 3.31 [1.08, 10.14], p = 0.04; I(2): 0%). Meta-regression showed that the association with composite poor outcome was influenced by age (p = 0.003) and hypertension (p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that the association was weaker in studies with median age ≥55 years-old (RR 1.92) compared to <55 years-old (RR 3.48), and in prevalence of hypertension ≥25% (RR 1.93) compared to <25% (RR 3.06). Subgroup analysis on median age <55 years-old and prevalence of hypertension <25% showed strong association (RR 3.33) CONCLUSION: DM was associated with mortality, severe COVID-19, ARDS, and disease progression in patients with COVID-19. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1871402120300837 doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.018 id: cord-294810-mq9vjnro author: Huang, Qiong title: Clinical characteristics and drug therapies in patients with the common-type coronavirus disease 2019 in Hunan, China date: 2020-05-14 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Background Clinical characteristics of patients with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may present differently within and outside the epicenter of Wuhan, China. More clinical investigations are needed. Objective The study was aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, and therapeutic methods of COVID-19 patients in Hunan, China. Setting The First Hospital of Changsha, First People’s Hospital of Huaihua, and the Central Hospital of Loudi, Hunan province, China. Methods This was a retrospective multi-center case-series analysis. Patients with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis hospitalized at the study centers from January 17 to February 10, 2020, were included. The following data were obtained from electronic medical records: demographics, medical history, exposure history, underlying comorbidities, symptoms, signs, laboratory findings, computer tomography scans, and treatment measures. Main outcome measure Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics and treatments. Results A total of 54 patients were included (51 had the common-type COVID-19, three had the severe-type), the median age was 41, and 52% of them were men. The median time from the first symptoms to hospital admission was seven days. Among patients with the common-type COVID-19, the median length of stay was nine days, and 21 days among patients with severe COVID-19. The most common symptoms at the onset of illness were fever (74.5%), cough (56.9%), and fatigue (43.1%) among patients in the common-type group. Fourteen patients (37.8%) had a reduced WBC count, 23 (62.2%) had reduced eosinophil ratio, and 21 (56.76%) had decreased eosinophil count. The most common patterns on chest-computed tomography were ground-glass opacity (52.2%) and patchy bilateral shadowing (73.9%). Pharmacotherapy included recombinant human interferon α2b, lopinavir/ritonavir, novaferon, antibiotics, systematic corticosteroids and traditional Chinese medicine prescription. The outcome of treatment indicated that in patients with the common-type COVID-19, interferon-α2b, but not novaferon, had some benefits, antibiotics treatment was not needed, and corticosteroids should be used cautiously. Conclusion As of February 10, 2020, the symptoms of COVID-19 patients in Hunan province were relatively mild comparing to patients in Wuhan, the epicenter. We observed some treatment benefits with interferon-α2b and corticosteroid therapies but not with novaferon and antibiotic treatment in our study population. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11096-020-01031-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32410206/ doi: 10.1007/s11096-020-01031-2 id: cord-285772-4xt4anq5 author: Huang, Rui title: Clinical findings of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Jiangsu province, China: A retrospective, multi-center study date: 2020-05-08 words: 3379.0 sentences: 217.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285772-4xt4anq5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285772-4xt4anq5.txt summary: This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 and identify the risk factors for severe illness of COVID-19 in Jiangsu province, China. Several studies have reported the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized in Wuhan (the outbreak center of the infection) [4, 6, 7] . conducted a retrospective, single-center study which included 99 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Wuhan and found that the virus was more likely to infect older men with comorbidities, and the mortality rate was as high as 11% [4] . Another single-center study which analyzed 138 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 in Wuhan, found that 26% of patients received ICU care and the mortality rate was only 4.3% [7] . In this multi-center study, we aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 and to identify the risk factors of severe illness among inpatients with confirmed COVID-19 in Jiangsu province, which is located in the east of China. abstract: Limited data are available for clinical characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outside Wuhan. This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 and identify the risk factors for severe illness of COVID-19 in Jiangsu province, China. Clinical data of hospitalized COVID-19 patients were retrospectively collected in 8 hospitals from 8 cities of Jiangsu province, China. Clinical findings of COVID-19 patients were described and risk factors for severe illness of COVID-19 were analyzed. By Feb 10, 2020, 202 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were enrolled. The median age of patients was 44.0 years (interquartile range, 33.0–54.0). 55 (27.2%) patients had comorbidities. At the onset of illness, the common symptoms were fever (156 [77.2%]) and cough (120 [59.4%]). 66 (32.7%) patients had lymphopenia. 193 (95.5%) patients had abnormal radiological findings. 11 (5.4%) patients were admitted to the intensive care unit and none of the patients died. 23 (11.4%) patients had severe illness. Severe illness of COVID-19 was independently associated with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 28 kg/m(2) (odds ratio [OR], 9.219; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.731 to 31.126; P<0.001) and a known history of type 2 diabetes (OR, 4.326; 95% CI, 1.059 to 17.668; P = 0.041). In this case series in Jiangsu Province, COVID-19 patients had less severe symptoms and had better outcomes than the initial COVID-19 patients in Wuhan. The BMI ≥ 28 kg/m(2) and a known history of type 2 diabetes were independent risk factors of severe illness in patients with COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32384078/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008280 id: cord-303799-9hh17k86 author: Huang, Ying title: Clinical characteristics of 36 non-survivors with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-02-29 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Background Although the outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused over 2200 deaths in China, there was no study about death yet. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of non-survivors with COVID-19. Methods For this retrospective, single-center study, we included 36 non-survivors with COVID-19 in the Fifth Hospital of Wuhan. Cases were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR between Jan 21 and Feb 10, 2020 according to the recommended protocol. The epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiological and treatment data were collected and analyzed. Outcomes were followed up until Feb 14, 2020. This study was approved by the ethics commissions of the Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, with a waiver of informed consent due to a public health outbreak investigation. Results We included 36 patients who died from COVID-19. The mean age of the patients was 69.22 years (SD 9.64, range 50-90). 25(69.44%) patients were males, and 11 (30.56%) female. 26 (72.22%) patients had chronic diseases, mainly including hypertension, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Patients had common clinical symptoms of fever (34 [94.44%] patients), cough (28 [77.78%] patients), shortness of breath (21 [58.33%] patients), and fatigue (17 [47.22%] patient). Chest computed tomographic scans showed that 31 (96.88%) patients had bilateral pneumonia. Lymphopenia occurred in 24 patients (70.59%), decreased albumin (30.18, [SD, 4.76]) in 25 patients (80.65%), elevated D-dimer (8.64 [IQR, 2.39-20]) in 27 patients (100%), and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (502.5 U/L [IQR, 410-629]) in 26 patients (100%). Nearly all of the patients have elevated CRP (106.3 mg/L [IQR, 60.83-225.3]), PCT (0.61 ng/ml [IQR, 0.16-2.10]) and IL-6 (100.6 pg/ml [IQR, 51.51-919.5]). Most patients received antiviral therapy and antibiotic therapy, and more than half of patients received glucocorticoid therapy (25 [69.44%]). All the patients had acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The median time from onset to ARDS was 11 days. One (2.78%) patient presented with acute renal injury. The median time from onset to death was 17 days. Interpretation Lots of patients died from COVID-19 till now. The median survival time of these non-survivors from onset to death was about 2 weeks. Most patients were older males with comorbidities. They finally progressed to ARDS. The median time from onset to ARDS was 11 days. Gradually decreased lymphocytes and increased inflammation biomarkers were common, and need to be monitored in the routine treatment. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.27.20029009 doi: 10.1101/2020.02.27.20029009 id: cord-290758-kz0qfy3r author: Hui, David S. title: The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health — The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China date: 2020-02-29 words: 1305.0 sentences: 68.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290758-kz0qfy3r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290758-kz0qfy3r.txt summary: title: The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health — The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health -The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China The 2019-nCoV infection in Wuhan appears clinically milder than SARS or MERS overall in terms of severity, case fatality rate and transmissibility, which increases the risk of cases remaining undetected. The rapid identification and containment of a novel coronavirus virus in a short period of time is a reassuring and a commendable achievement by China''s public health authorities and reflects the increasing global capacity to detect, identify, define and contain new outbreaks. The latest analysis show that the Wuhan CoV cluster with the SARS CoV.10 (Novel coronavirus -China (01) Whilst several important aspects of MERS-CoV epidemiology, virology, mode of transmission, pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical features, have been defined, there remain many unanswered questions, including source, transmission and epidemic potential. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1201971220300114 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.01.009 id: cord-304490-q9ab1pji author: Iqbal, Najaf title: Nexus between COVID-19, temperature and exchange rate in Wuhan City: New findings from Partial and Multiple Wavelet Coherence date: 2020-04-22 words: 3770.0 sentences: 195.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304490-q9ab1pji.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304490-q9ab1pji.txt summary: We employ 24-h daily average temperature, daily new confirmed cases of a covid-19 in Wuhan, and RMB exchange rate to represent the weather, covid-19 outbreak, and Chinese economy, respectively. The Renminbi exchange rate showed a negative coherence at specific time-frequency spots suggesting a negative but limited impact of the covid-19 outbreak in Wuhan on the Chinese export economy. In such a scenario, it is interesting to know how the Chinese RMB exchange rate moved with the emerging situation of the covid-19 outbreak, explicitly speaking the number of new daily confirmed cases in Wuhan during this period. This study attempts to document the relationship between local weather (Temperature), economy (Exchange rate of RMB), and covid-19 outbreak (Daily number of new confirmed covid-19 cases) in the Chinese city of Wuhan where it was first reported, using wavelet analysis. abstract: Abstract This study attempts to document the nexus between weather, covid-19 outbreak in Wuhan and the Chinese economy. We employ 24-h daily average temperature, daily new confirmed cases of a covid-19 in Wuhan, and RMB exchange rate to represent the weather, covid-19 outbreak, and Chinese economy, respectively. The methodology of Wavelet Transform Coherence (WTC), Partial Wavelet Coherence (PWC), and Multiple Wavelet Coherence (MWC) is used to analyze the daily data collected from 21st January 2020 to 31st March 2020. Results reveal significant coherence between series at different time-frequency combinations. Overall results show the insignificance of an increase in temperature to contain new covid-19 infections. The Renminbi exchange rate showed a negative coherence at specific time-frequency spots suggesting a negative but limited impact of the covid-19 outbreak in Wuhan on the Chinese export economy. Our results are contrary to many earlier studies, which show a significant impact of increased temperature in slowing down covid-19 spread. These results can have important implications for economic and containment policy making regarding the covid-19 outbreak. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138916 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138916 id: cord-342822-d7jx06mh author: Izadi, N. title: The epidemiologic parameters for COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-05-06 words: 3357.0 sentences: 245.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342822-d7jx06mh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342822-d7jx06mh.txt summary: Knowledge regarding epidemiological characteristics and parameters of the infectious diseases such as, incubation period (time from exposure to the agent until the first symptoms develop), serial interval (duration between symptom onset of a primary case and symptom onset of its secondary cases), basic reproduction number (R 0 ) (the transmission potential of a disease) and other epidemiologic parameters is important for modelling and estimation of epidemic trends and also implementation and evaluation of preventive procedures (8) (9) (10) (11) . Preliminary estimation of the basic reproduction number of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China, from 2019 to 2020: A data-driven analysis in the early phase of the outbreak Estimating the Unreported Number of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Cases in China in the First Half of January 2020: A Data-Driven Modelling Analysis of the Early Outbreak Novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV: early estimation of epidemiological parameters and epidemic predictions abstract: Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak to be a public health emergency and international concern and recognized it as a pandemic. The aim of this study was to estimate the epidemiologic parameters of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic for clinical and epidemiological help. Methods: Four electronic databases including Web of Science, Medline (PubMed), Scopus and Google Scholar were searched for literature published from early December 2019 up to 23 March 2020. The "metan" command was used to perform a fixed or random effects analysis. Cumulative meta-analysis was performed using the "metacum" command. Results: Totally 76 observational studies were included in the analysis. The pooled estimate for R0 was 2.99 (95% CI: 2.71-3.27) for COVID-19. The overall R0 was 3.23, 1.19, 3.6 and 2.35 for China, Singapore, Iran and Japan, respectively. The overall Serial Interval, doubling time, incubation period were 4.45, 4.14 and 4.24 days for COVID-19. In addition, the overall estimation for growth rate and case fatality rate for COVID-19 were 0.38% and 3.29%, respectively. Conclusion: Calculating the pooled estimate of the epidemiological parameters of COVID-19 as an emerging disease, could reveal epidemiological features of the disease that consequently pave the way for health policy makers to think more about control strategies. Keywords: Epidemiologic Parameters; R0; Serial Interval; Doubling Time; Case Fatality Rate;COVID-19 url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.02.20088385v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.02.20088385 id: cord-029550-qodmamov author: Jandrić, Petar title: Review of Fang Fang (2020). Wuhan Diary: Dispatches from a Quarantined City. Trans. M. Berry: New York: HarperCollins. 377 pp. ISBN 9780063052659 (E-Book) date: 2020-07-23 words: 2562.0 sentences: 144.0 pages: flesch: 71.0 cache: ./cache/cord-029550-qodmamov.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029550-qodmamov.txt summary: On 25 January 2020, day one of the Lunar New Year and two days after the city of Wuhan entered lockdown, the famous Chinese writer Fang Fang started writing her online diary in her flat not far from the local Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market identified as a possible source of Covid-19 (Maron 2020) . This powerful spatio-temporal symbolic, combined with Fang''s poignant writing and her 3.8 million strong social media following at the time of publishing her first entry, has soon launched her online Wuhan diary towards huge popularity. On 15 May, English translation of Fang''s online diary was compiled into a book and published as Wuhan Diary: Dispatches from a Quarantined City (Fang 2020) . The assemblage of Wuhan Diary: Dispatches from a Quarantined City (Fang 2020 ) and its responses is an almost perfect example of a postdigital dialogue (Jandrić 2017; Jandrić et al. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7376275/ doi: 10.1007/s42438-020-00173-w id: cord-304839-lesa5u2n author: Jiang, Fang title: Review of the Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-03-04 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: In late December 2019, a cluster of cases with 2019 Novel Coronavirus pneumonia (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China, aroused worldwide concern. Previous studies have reported epidemiological and clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The purpose of this brief review is to summarize those published studies as of late February 2020 on the clinical features, symptoms, complications, and treatments of COVID-19 and help provide guidance for frontline medical staff in the clinical management of this outbreak. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32133578/ doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-05762-w id: cord-325032-3x5wklr4 author: Jiang, Shanhe title: Semiformal Organizations and Control During the COVID-19 Crisis in China date: 2020-10-30 words: 6929.0 sentences: 351.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325032-3x5wklr4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325032-3x5wklr4.txt summary: Using a survey data collected during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic in China, this study investigated the prevalence and importance of semiformal organizations, formal organizations, and informal groups participating in social control and social service and the predictors of the perceived importance of these three forms of social control mechanisms. The table is based on the data from the respondents'' answers to this question: "During the COVID-19 lockdown period, who participated in the following activities: checkpoint inspection, health screening, food supplies, drug supplies, sanitization, and information distribution." The choices included residents'' or village committee, government agencies or officers, community police or police officers, volunteers, regular citizens, and no action. In sum, formal organizations, government agencies and police, the semiformal organizations, residents'' committee in urban areas and village committee in rural areas, and informal groups or individuals, volunteers, and regular citizens, all participated in community control and service. abstract: Scholars often compare China and Western societies in terms of dichotomous forms of control—formal and informal. Recent research indicates a nuanced form of social control—semiformal. Using a survey data collected during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic in China, this study investigated the prevalence and importance of semiformal organizations, formal organizations, and informal groups participating in social control and social service and the predictors of the perceived importance of these three forms of social control mechanisms. Findings from this study revealed that formal organizations, the semiformal organizations, and informal groups all participated in community control and service. Semiformal organizations had the highest level of participation. This study found that education and age are the two major predictors of the views on the importance of formal, informal, and semiformal control and control mechanisms. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11417-020-09334-z doi: 10.1007/s11417-020-09334-z id: cord-103533-k1lg8c7q author: Jin, C. title: Development and Evaluation of an AI System for COVID-19 date: 2020-03-23 words: 6431.0 sentences: 370.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-103533-k1lg8c7q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-103533-k1lg8c7q.txt summary: We developed and evaluated a deep learning based COVID-19 diagnosis system, using multi-center data, which includes 756 subjects (496 COVID-19 positives and 260 negatives) collected in Wuhan Union Hospital, Western Campus of Wuhan Union Hospital, and Jianghan Mobile Cabin Hospital in Wuhan, the major epidemic area in China (detailed information is in Table 1 ). https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.20.20039834 doi: medRxiv preprint sists of five key components (Figure 1 a) , (1) a 2D convolutional neural network (CNN) model for segmenting the lung, (2) a COVID-19 diagnosis model, (3) an abnormal slices locating block to locate abnormal slices in positive cases, (4) a network visualization module for interpreting the attentional region of deep networks, and (5) an image phenotype analysis module for explaining the features of the attentional region. abstract: Early detection of COVID-19 based on chest CT will enable timely treatment of patients and help control the spread of the disease. With rapid spreading of COVID-19 in many countries, however, CT volumes of suspicious patients are increasing at a speed much faster than the availability of human experts. Here, we propose an artificial intelligence (AI) system for fast COVID-19 diagnosis with an accuracy comparable to experienced radiologists. A large dataset was constructed by collecting 970 CT volumes of 496 patients with confirmed COVID-19 and 260 negative cases from three hospitals in Wuhan, China, and 1,125 negative cases from two publicly available chest CT datasets. Trained using only 312 cases, our diagnosis system, which is based on deep convolutional neural network, is able to achieve an accuracy of 94.98%, an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 97.91%, a sensitivity of 94.06%, and a specificity of 95.47% on an independent external verification dataset of 1,255 cases. In a reader study involving five radiologists, only one radiologist is slightly more accurate than the AI system. The AI system is two orders of magnitude faster than radiologists and the code is available at https://github.com/ChenWWWeixiang/diagnosis_covid19. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.20.20039834v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.20.20039834 id: cord-286854-0s7oq0uv author: Jin, Xi title: Virus strain from a mild COVID-19 patient in Hangzhou represents a new trend in SARS-CoV-2 evolution potentially related to Furin cleavage site date: 2020-07-03 words: 6012.0 sentences: 322.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286854-0s7oq0uv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286854-0s7oq0uv.txt summary: title: Virus strain from a mild COVID-19 patient in Hangzhou represents a new trend in SARS-CoV-2 evolution potentially related to Furin cleavage site The evolutionary pattern of SARS-CoV-2 towards FCS formation may result in its clinical symptom becoming closer to HKU-1 and OC43 caused mild flu-like symptoms, further showing its potential in differentiating into mild COVID-19 subtypes. Sequence alignment analysis indicated 38 mutation sites for ZJ01 compared with other SARS-CoV-2 family members ( Figure 2(A) ). Further comparative alignment analysis of GZ02 (SARS viral strain), Wuhan-Hu-1 (the earliest sequenced SARS-CoV-2), RaTG13, HKU9-1 (the potential ancestor of SARS and SARS-CoV-2), HKU-1 and OC43 showed that the variation of FCS sequence had certain regularity in coronavirus evolution ( Figure 4(B) ). We speculated that, despite the gene similarity between ZJ01 and Wuhan-Hu-1, the mutation near the FCS changed the protein structure conformation and surface electrostatic potential of ZJ01, which further influenced its binding capacity with Furin. abstract: The mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 virus genome during COVID-19 dissemination are unclear. In 788 COVID-19 patients from Zhejiang province, we observed decreased rate of severe/critical cases compared with patients in Wuhan. For mechanisms exploration, we isolated one strain of SARS-CoV-2 (ZJ01) from a mild COVID-19 patient. Thirty-five specific gene mutations were identified. Phylogenetic and relative synonymous codon usage analysis suggested that ZJ01 may be a potential evolutionary branch of SARS-CoV-2. We classified 54 global virus strains based on the base (C or T) at positions 8824 and 28247 while ZJ01 has T at both sites. The prediction of the Furin cleavage site (FCS) and sequence alignment indicated that the FCS may be an important site of coronavirus evolution. ZJ01 mutations identified near the FCS (F1-2) caused changes in the structure and electrostatic distribution of the S surface protein, further affecting the binding capacity of Furin. Single-cell sequencing and ACE2-Furin co-expression results confirmed that the Furin expression was especially higher in glands, liver, kidneys, and colon. The evolutionary pattern of SARS-CoV-2 towards FCS formation may result in its clinical symptom becoming closer to HKU-1 and OC43 caused mild flu-like symptoms, further showing its potential in differentiating into mild COVID-19 subtypes. url: https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2020.1781551 doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1781551 id: cord-309478-yhmgopmr author: Jin, Ying-Hui title: Perceived infection transmission routes, infection control practices, psychosocial changes, and management of COVID-19 infected healthcare workers in a tertiary acute care hospital in Wuhan: a cross-sectional survey date: 2020-05-11 words: 4562.0 sentences: 223.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309478-yhmgopmr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309478-yhmgopmr.txt summary: title: Perceived infection transmission routes, infection control practices, psychosocial changes, and management of COVID-19 infected healthcare workers in a tertiary acute care hospital in Wuhan: a cross-sectional survey Results showed that they experienced psychological burden, especially nurses, women, those in Wuhan, and frontline healthcare workers directly engaged in the diagnosis, treatment, and care for patients with COVID-19. All 105 infected medical staff with COVID-19 in our hospital was invited, finally 103 cases agreed with the consent and finished our questionnaire was included for analysis (response rate: 98.1%), Table 1 presented their basic characteristics. Protective equipment should be upgraded in hospital at the onset of a new disease especially for staff conducting procedures involving close contact and caring for high risk patients. How to train the health personnel for protecting themselves from novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection during their patient or suspected case care abstract: BACKGROUND: Many healthcare workers were infected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) early in the epidemic posing a big challenge for epidemic control. Hence, this study aims to explore perceived infection routes, influencing factors, psychosocial changes, and management procedures for COVID-19 infected healthcare workers. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, single hospital-based study. We recruited all 105 confirmed COVID-19 healthcare workers in the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from February 15 to 29, 2020. All participants completed a validated questionnaire. Electronic consent was obtained from all participants. Perceived causes of infection, infection prevention, control knowledge and behaviour, psychological changes, symptoms and treatment were measured. RESULTS: Finally, 103 professional staff with COVID-19 finished the questionnaire and was included (response rate: 98.1%). Of them, 87 cases (84.5%) thought they were infected in working environment in hospital, one (1.0%) thought their infection was due to the laboratory environment, and 5 (4.9%) thought they were infected in daily life or community environment. Swab of throat collection and physical examination were the procedures perceived as most likely causing their infection by nurses and doctors respectively. Forty-three (41.8%) thought their infection was related to protective equipment, utilization of common equipment (masks and gloves). The top three first symptoms displayed before diagnosis were fever (41.8%), lethargy (33.0%) and muscle aches (30.1%). After diagnosis, 88.3% staff experienced psychological stress or emotional changes during their isolation period, only 11.7% had almost no emotional changes. Arbidol (Umifenovir; an anti-influza drug; 69.2%) was the drug most commonly used to target infection in mild and moderate symptoms. CONCLUSION: The main perceived mode of transmission was not maintaining protection when working at a close distance and having intimate contact with infected cases. Positive psychological intervention is necessary. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32393381/ doi: 10.1186/s40779-020-00254-8 id: cord-284890-s73hljz9 author: Kang, Lijun title: Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study date: 2020-03-30 words: 4146.0 sentences: 197.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284890-s73hljz9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284890-s73hljz9.txt summary: title: Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study The severe 2019 outbreak of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which was first reported in Wuhan, would be expected to impact the mental health of local medical and nursing staff and thus lead them to seek help. In addition, to reduce the psychological damage of COVID-19 among medical and nursing staff, mental health workers in Wuhan are also taking action by establishing psychological intervention teams and providing a range of psychological services, including providing psychological brochures, counseling and psychotherapy (Kang et al., 2020) . The questionnaire consists of six parts: basic demographic data, mental health assessment, risks of direct and indirect exposure to COVID-19, mental healthcare services accessed, psychological needs, and self-perceived health status compared to that before the COVID-19 outbreak. abstract: The severe 2019 outbreak of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which was first reported in Wuhan, would be expected to impact the mental health of local medical and nursing staff and thus lead them to seek help. However, those outcomes have yet to be established using epidemiological data. To explore the mental health status of medical and nursing staff and the efficacy, or lack thereof, of critically connecting psychological needs to receiving psychological care, we conducted a quantitative study. This is the first paper on the mental health of medical and nursing staff in Wuhan. Notably, among 994 medical and nursing staff working in Wuhan, 36.9% had subthreshold mental health disturbances (mean PHQ-9: 2.4), 34.4% had mild disturbances (mean PHQ-9: 5.4), 22.4% had moderate disturbances (mean PHQ-9: 9.0), and 6.2% had severe disturbance (mean PHQ-9: 15.1) in the immediate wake of the viral epidemic. The noted burden fell particularly heavily on young women. Of all participants, 36.3% had accessed psychological materials (such as books on mental health), 50.4% had accessed psychological resources available through media (such as online push messages on mental health self-help coping methods), and 17.5% had participated in counseling or psychotherapy. Trends in levels of psychological distress and factors such as exposure to infected people and psychological assistance were identified. Although staff accessed limited mental healthcare services, distressed staff nonetheless saw these services as important resources to alleviate acute mental health disturbances and improve their physical health perceptions. These findings emphasize the importance of being prepared to support frontline workers through mental health interventions at times of widespread crisis. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.028 doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.028 id: cord-265206-ddg87zxv author: Kanny, G. title: Maladies respiratoires, allergies et infections à COVID-19. Premières nouvelles de Wuhan date: 2020-04-01 words: 993.0 sentences: 117.0 pages: flesch: 70.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265206-ddg87zxv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265206-ddg87zxv.txt summary: Nos confrères de Wuhan [2] nous informent sur l''impact de l''infection à ce nouveau virus, COVID-19 chez les personnes asthmatiques, allergiques ou porteuses de bronchopneumopathie obstructive chronique. ont étudié les caractéristiques cliniques et le statut allergique de 140 patients infectés par COVID-19 hospitalisés du 16 janvier au 3 février 2020 dans un hôpital de Wuhan [2] . L''asthme ou une autre maladie allergique (rhinite, allergie alimentaire, dermatite atopique) ne sont pas rapportés par ces patients alors que la prévalence de l''asthme est estimée à 4,3 % en Chine [3] et la rhinite allergique à 17,2 % à Wuhan en 2011 [4] . Ces taux sont faibles eu égard à la prévalence de la BPCO chez les sujets de plus de 40 ans en Chine qui est de 13,7 % La majorité (99,3 %) présentait des images caractéristiques au scanner. L''asthme, les maladies allergiques et la BPCO n''apparaissent pas comme étant des facteurs de risque dans cette population de patients hospitalisés. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877032020303109 doi: 10.1016/j.reval.2020.03.003 id: cord-298563-346lwjr8 author: Kaplan, Edward H. title: Containing 2019-nCoV (Wuhan) coronavirus date: 2020-03-07 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV first appeared in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. While most of the initial cases were linked to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, person-to-person transmission has been verified. Given that a vaccine cannot be developed and deployed for at least a year, preventing further transmission relies upon standard principles of containment, two of which are the isolation of known cases and the quarantine of persons believed at high risk of exposure. This note presents probability models for assessing the effectiveness of case isolation and quarantine within a community during the initial phase of an outbreak with illustrations based on early observations from Wuhan. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32146554/ doi: 10.1007/s10729-020-09504-6 id: cord-304710-gjb6zo81 author: Khan, S. title: Novel coronavirus: how things are in Wuhan date: 2020-02-11 words: 1369.0 sentences: 78.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304710-gjb6zo81.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304710-gjb6zo81.txt summary: There is a great risk of medical and clinical staff (and workers) becoming infected with 2019n-CoV because of their direct interaction with infected and suspected individuals. Working for long hours, disturbed daily routines including eating and sleeping schedules and fear of being infected are key factors that increase the risks of stress and anxiety for doctors and nurses, and may lead to their working less efficiently in terms of providing better treatment and care to patients. However, the increasing number of patients every day and the expected peak in the coming days [6] may cause a further shortage of medical staff and health and logistic issues for the frontline healthcare provider. China coronavirus: Wuhan medical staff being infected at much faster pace than reported as national death toll hits 26 Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1198743X20300847 doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.02.005 id: cord-351167-4gpq5syb author: Koenig, Kristi L. title: 2019-nCoV: The Identify-Isolate-Inform (3I) Tool Applied to a Novel Emerging Coronavirus date: 2020-01-31 words: 3418.0 sentences: 218.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351167-4gpq5syb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351167-4gpq5syb.txt summary: 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is an emerging infectious disease closely related to MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV that was first reported in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China in December 2019. The Identify-Isolate-Inform (3I) Tool, originally conceived for the initial detection and management of Ebola virus and later adjusted for other infectious agents, can be adapted for any emerging infectious disease. Due to the dynamic nature of the outbreak, exposure criteria may change depending on where new cases of 2019-nCoV are detected, the degree of transmissibility, and when additional information regarding the origin of the virus is discovered and reported. Emergency physicians (EPs), emergency medical services (EMS) personnel, and other healthcare workers who encounter patients with suspected 2019-nCoV infection must inform the appropriate authorities, including but not limited to hospital infection control and local or state public health agencies. abstract: 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is an emerging infectious disease closely related to MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV that was first reported in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China in December 2019. As of January 2020, cases of 2019-nCoV are continuing to be reported in other Eastern Asian countries as well as in the United States, Europe, Australia, and numerous other countries. An unusually high volume of domestic and international travel corresponding to the beginning of the 2020 Chinese New Year complicated initial identification and containment of infected persons. Due to the rapidly rising number of cases and reported deaths, all countries should be considered at risk of imported 2019-nCoV. Therefore, it is essential for prehospital, clinic, and emergency department personnel to be able to rapidly assess 2019-nCoV risk and take immediate actions if indicated. The Identify-Isolate-Inform (3I) Tool, originally conceived for the initial detection and management of Ebola virus and later adjusted for other infectious agents, can be adapted for any emerging infectious disease. This paper reports a modification of the 3I Tool for use in the initial detection and management of patients under investigation for 2019-nCoV. After initial assessment for symptoms and epidemiological risk factors, including travel to affected areas and exposure to confirmed 2019-nCoV patients within 14 days, patients are classified in a risk-stratified system. Upon confirmation of a suspected 2019-nCoV case, affected persons must immediately be placed in airborne infection isolation and the appropriate public health agencies notified. This modified 3I Tool will assist emergency and primary care clinicians, as well as out-of-hospital providers, in effectively managing persons with suspected or confirmed 2019-nCoV. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32191174/ doi: 10.5811/westjem.2020.1.46760 id: cord-316757-p370gjjn author: Kofi Ayittey, Foster title: Updates on Wuhan 2019 novel coronavirus epidemic date: 2020-02-10 words: 646.0 sentences: 52.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316757-p370gjjn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316757-p370gjjn.txt summary: What emerged in December 2019 as a cluster of respiratory ailments with inexplicable etiological findings in Wuhan has now claimed roughly 259 lives, sickened nearly 12 thousand more, and spread to at least 26 more nations including Hong Kong, Taiwan and Macao. [10] [11] [12] In late December 2019, some local health facilities reported cases of patients with pneumonia of unknown causes that were epidemiologically related to seafood and wet animal wholesale According to a recent publication by Chan et al, 14 the disease has shown person-to-person or nosocomial transmission features, implying that it can easily pass on from one person-to-another. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Chinese Researchers Reveal Draft Genome of Virus Implicated in Wuhan Pneumonia Outbreak Updated understanding of the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan Updates on Wuhan 2019 novel coronavirus epidemic abstract: What emerged in December 2019 as a cluster of respiratory ailments with inexplicable etiological findings in Wuhan has now claimed roughly 259 lives, sickened nearly 12 thousand more, and spread to at least 26 more nations including Hong Kong, Taiwan and Macao. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32017153/ doi: 10.1002/jmv.25695 id: cord-347257-s0w95qdn author: Kraemer, Moritz U. G. title: The effect of human mobility and control measures on the COVID-19 epidemic in China date: 2020-03-25 words: 2025.0 sentences: 119.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347257-s0w95qdn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347257-s0w95qdn.txt summary: We use real-time mobility data from Wuhan and detailed case data including travel history to elucidate the role of case importation on transmission in cities across China and ascertain the impact of control measures. Following the implementation of control measures, this correlation dropped and growth rates became negative in most locations, although shifts in the demographics of reported cases were still indicative of local chains of transmission outside Wuhan. We estimated the incubation period from 38 travelling cases returning from Wuhan with known dates of symptom onset, entry and exit. In order to accurately forecast the number of cases on Jan 28th, we must also include the relative amount of mobility out of Wuhan into various provinces in the regression model. Incubation period of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infections among travellers from Wuhan, China abstract: The ongoing COVID-19 outbreak expanded rapidly throughout China. Major behavioral, clinical, and state interventions have been undertaken to mitigate the epidemic and prevent the persistence of the virus in human populations in China and worldwide. It remains unclear how these unprecedented interventions, including travel restrictions, affected COVID-19 spread in China. We use real-time mobility data from Wuhan and detailed case data including travel history to elucidate the role of case importation on transmission in cities across China and ascertain the impact of control measures. Early on, the spatial distribution of COVID-19 cases in China was explained well by human mobility data. Following the implementation of control measures, this correlation dropped and growth rates became negative in most locations, although shifts in the demographics of reported cases were still indicative of local chains of transmission outside Wuhan. This study shows that the drastic control measures implemented in China substantially mitigated the spread of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb4218 doi: 10.1126/science.abb4218 id: cord-341135-gmi1ewc2 author: Kucharski, Adam J title: Early dynamics of transmission and control of COVID-19: a mathematical modelling study date: 2020-02-02 words: 3459.0 sentences: 170.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341135-gmi1ewc2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341135-gmi1ewc2.txt summary: Methods: We combined a stochastic transmission model with data on cases of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan and international cases that originated in Wuhan to estimate how transmission had varied over time during January and February 2020. We estimate how transmission has varied over time, identify a decline in the reproduction number in late January to near 1, coinciding with the introduction of large scale control measures, and show the potential implications of estimated transmission for outbreak risk new locations. Based on the median reproduction number estimated during January before travel restrictions were introduced, we estimated that a single introduction of 2019-nCoV with SARS-like or MERS-like individual-level variation in transmission would have a 20-28% probability of causing a large outbreak ( Figure 3A ). Combining a mathematical model with multiple datasets, we found that the median daily reproduction number, R t , of SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan likely varied between 1.6-2.6 in January 2020 prior to travel restrictions being introduced. abstract: Background: An outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has led to 46,997 confirmed cases as of 13th February 2020. Understanding the early transmission dynamics of the infection and evaluating the effectiveness of control measures is crucial for assessing the potential for sustained transmission to occur in new areas. Methods: We combined a stochastic transmission model with data on cases of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan and international cases that originated in Wuhan to estimate how transmission had varied over time during January and February 2020. Based on these estimates, we then calculated the probability that newly introduced cases might generate outbreaks in other areas. Findings: We estimated that the median daily reproduction number, Rt , declined from 2.35 (95% CI: 1.15-4.77) one week before travel restrictions were introduced on 23rd January to 1.05 (95% CI: 0.413-2.39) one week after. Based on our estimates of Rt,we calculated that in locations with similar transmission potential as Wuhan in early January, once there are at least four independently introduced cases, there is a more than 50% chance the infection will establish within that population. Interpretation: Our results show that COVID-19 transmission likely declined in Wuhan during late January 2020, coinciding with the introduction of control measures. As more cases arrive in international locations with similar transmission potential to Wuhan pre-control, it is likely many chains of transmission will fail to establish initially, but may still cause new outbreaks eventually. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.31.20019901 doi: 10.1101/2020.01.31.20019901 id: cord-355531-1cpli8kv author: LIANG, Jingbo title: The impacts of diagnostic capability and prevention measures on transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in Wuhan date: 2020-04-06 words: 3721.0 sentences: 220.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355531-1cpli8kv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355531-1cpli8kv.txt summary: However, most of the recent studies focused on the early outbreaks without considering improvements in diagnostic capability and effects of prevention measures together, thus the estimated results may only reflect the facts in a given period of time. Methods: We constructed a stochastic susceptible-exposed-infected-quarantined-recovered (SEIQR) model, embedding with latent periods under different prevention measures and proportions of documented infections to characterize the Wuhan COVID-19 transmission cross different stages of the outbreak. In this study, we have developed a stochastic susceptible-exposed-infected-quarantinedrecovered (SEIQR) model, embedding with latent periods and the transportation restriction control under the different proportion of documented infections to describe the Wuhan COVID-19 transmission pattern after the initial outbreak stage. This is the first study to demonstrate the effects of transportation restriction measures together with the improvement of diagnostic capacity on the transmission dynamics in Wuhan. abstract: Background: Although the rapidly rising transmission trend of COVID-19 in Wuhan has been controlled in late February 2020, the outbreak still caused a global pandemic afterward. Understanding Wuhan COVID-19 transmission dynamics and the effects of prevention approaches is of significant importance for containing virus global transmission. However, most of the recent studies focused on the early outbreaks without considering improvements in diagnostic capability and effects of prevention measures together, thus the estimated results may only reflect the facts in a given period of time. Methods: We constructed a stochastic susceptible-exposed-infected-quarantined-recovered (SEIQR) model, embedding with latent periods under different prevention measures and proportions of documented infections to characterize the Wuhan COVID-19 transmission cross different stages of the outbreak. The epidemiological parameters were estimated using a particle filtering approach. Results: Our model successfully reproduced the dynamics of the Wuhan local epidemic with two peaks on February 4 and February 12 separately. Prevention measures determined the time of reaching the first peak and caused an 87% drop in the R_t from 3.09 (95% CI, 2.10 to 3.63) to 0.41 (95% CI, 0.18 to 0.66). An improved diagnostic capability created the second peak and increased the number of documented infections. The proportion of documented infections changed from 23% (95% CI, 20% to 26%) to 37% (95% CI, 33% to 41%) when the detection kits were released after January 26, and later up to 73% (95% CI, 64% to 80%) after the diagnostic criteria were improved. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.31.20049387 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.31.20049387 id: cord-304418-k9owyolj author: Le Maréchal, M. title: COVID-19 in clinical practice: a narrative synthesis date: 2020-09-29 words: 6288.0 sentences: 367.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304418-k9owyolj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304418-k9owyolj.txt summary: Plasmatic detection of SARS-CoV-2 has been reported but only with low viral titers, and mainly in clinically severe cases [44] ; bloodstream infectivity has yet to be demonstrated. The first large clinical trial published on LPV/RTV on SARS-CoV-2 compared 99 patients receiving the antiviral vs 100 receiving SoC alone [124] ; there was no difference between the 2 groups regarding the primary end point (time to improvement) (15 vs 16 days, p=0.09). Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study Viral load dynamics and disease severity in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Zhejiang province, China Severity or Risk of Death in Patients with Hypertension Hospitalized for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection in Wuhan, China abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in the city of Wuhan, China. The disease rapidly spread to the rest of China, to Southern-East Asia, then to Europe, America, and on to the rest of the world. COVID-19 is associated with a betacoronavirus named SARS-CoV-2. The virus penetrates the organism through the respiratory tract, conveyed by contaminated droplets. The main cell receptor targeted is the surface-bound ACE-2. As of the 26th July 2020, 15,200,000 COVID-19 cases and 650,000 deaths were reported worldwide. The mortality rate is estimated between 1.3 and 18.3%. The reproductive rate without any public health intervention is estimated around 4-5.1 in France. Most hospitalized patients for COVID-19 present respiratory symptoms, which in some cases is associated with fever. Up to 86% of admissions to ICU are related to acute respiratory failure. To date, no anti-viral therapy has proven its efficacy considering randomized trials. Only immunomodulatory treatments such as corticosteroids have shown to cause significant improvement in patient outcome. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33007400/ doi: 10.1016/j.medmal.2020.09.012 id: cord-279569-289fu2yb author: Lei, Yu title: Clinical features of imported cases of coronavirus disease 2019 in Tibetan patients in the Plateau area date: 2020-03-13 words: 2291.0 sentences: 152.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279569-289fu2yb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279569-289fu2yb.txt summary: title: Clinical features of imported cases of coronavirus disease 2019 in Tibetan patients in the Plateau area Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has rapidly spread throughout China, but the clinical characteristics of Tibetan patients living in the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau are unknown. preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in Epidemiological, clinical laboratory and radiological characteristics, chronic medical histories, clinical symptoms, treatment and outcome data were obtained from electronic medical records and analysed by two independent researchers. With advancing time, the medical history associated with case exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infected patients from Wuhan has become less obvious. In conclusion, imported cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Tibetan patients were generally mild in this high-altitude area. Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan abstract: Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has rapidly spread throughout China, but the clinical characteristics of Tibetan patients living in the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau are unknown. We aimed to investigate the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and radiological characteristics of these patients. We included 67 Tibetan patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. The patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of clinical symptoms at admission, with 31 and 36 patients in the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups, respectively. The epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and radiological characteristics were extracted and analysed. No patient had a history of exposure to COVID-19 patients from Wuhan or had travelled to Wuhan. The mean age of Tibetan patients was 39.3 years and 59% of the patients were male. Seven patients presented with fever on admission and lymphocytopenia was present in 20 patients. 47 patients had abnormal chest CTs at admission instead of stating that 20 were unchanged. Lactate dehydrogenase levels were increased in 31 patients. Seven patients progressed to severe COVID-19; however, after treatment, their condition was stable. No patients died. Of the 36 asymptomatic patients, the mean age was younger than the symptomatic group (34.4vs 44.9 years, P=0.02). Lymphocyte count and prealbumin levels were higher in the asymptomatic group than the group with clinical symptoms (1.6 vs 1.3 and 241.8 vs 191.9, respectively; P<0.05). Imported cases of COVID-19 in Tibetan patients were generally mild in this high-altitude area. Absence of fever or radiologic abnormalities on initial presentation were common url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.09.20033126 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.09.20033126 id: cord-258748-nzynerfu author: Li, Jinghua title: Estimation of the epidemic properties of the 2019 novel coronavirus: A mathematical modeling study date: 2020-02-20 words: 3329.0 sentences: 142.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258748-nzynerfu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258748-nzynerfu.txt summary: Methods We conducted a mathematical modeling study using five independent methods to assess the basic reproduction number (R0) of COVID-19, using data on confirmed cases obtained from the China National Health Commission for the period 10th January to 8th February. In this study we used data from the National Health Commission of the People''s Republic of China 12 (NHC) for the period from the 10 th January to the 8 th February to estimate the basic reproduction number of COVID-19 using five mathematical modeling methods conducted independently. We used these modeling methods to estimate the basic reproduction number both before and after the closure of Wuhan city, and across the whole time period of the epidemic. For example, a previous paper using the assumption of exponential growth found a value of " of 2.68 (95% Credible interval 2.47 -2.86) 5 using an SEIR model with Metropolis-Hastings MCMC estimates of uncertainty, but our modeling has shown that this method likely underestimated the basic reproduction number during the pre-closure period. abstract: Background The 2019 novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and has been spreading rapidly in China. Decisions about its pandemic threat and the appropriate level of public health response depend heavily on estimates of its basic reproduction number and assessments of interventions conducted in the early stages of the epidemic. Methods We conducted a mathematical modeling study using five independent methods to assess the basic reproduction number (R0) of COVID-19, using data on confirmed cases obtained from the China National Health Commission for the period 10th January to 8th February. We analyzed the data for the period before the closure of Wuhan city (10th January to 23rd January) and the post-closure period (23rd January to 8th February) and for the whole period, to assess both the epidemic risk of the virus and the effectiveness of the closure of Wuhan city on spread of COVID-19. Findings Before the closure of Wuhan city the basic reproduction number of COVID-19 was 4.38 (95% CI: 3.63-5.13), dropping to 3.41 (95% CI: 3.16-3.65) after the closure of Wuhan city. Over the entire epidemic period COVID-19 had a basic reproduction number of 3.39 (95% CI: 3.09-3.70), indicating it has a very high transmissibility. Interpretation COVID-19 is a highly transmissible virus with a very high risk of epidemic outbreak once it emerges in metropolitan areas. The closure of Wuhan city was effective in reducing the severity of the epidemic, but even after closure of the city and the subsequent expansion of that closure to other parts of Hubei the virus remained extremely infectious. Emergency planners in other cities should consider this high infectiousness when considering responses to this virus. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.18.20024315 doi: 10.1101/2020.02.18.20024315 id: cord-339044-qy4jab37 author: Li, Man title: Analysis of the Risk Factors for Mortality in Adult COVID-19 Patients in Wuhan: A Multicenter Study date: 2020-08-25 words: 2587.0 sentences: 143.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339044-qy4jab37.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339044-qy4jab37.txt summary: The multivariate regression analysis showed increased odds of in-hospital deaths associated with age, D-dimer levels >1,000 ng/L, platelet count <125, and higher serum creatinine levels. Meanwhile, the infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 was named "COVID-19." In China, according to the National Health Commission (2), a total of 82,341 cases were diagnosed, of which 77,892 patients were discharged, and 3,342 died as of April 15. In this study, we explored the potential host risk factors associated with death in a retrospective cohort of 245 laboratoryconfirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to the two appointed hospitals in Wuhan. Though the epidemiology of patients with COVID-19 is widely studied and reported, the death-related risk factors and detailed clinical characteristics of the disease have not been well-described. In addition to age factors, we also found D-dimer levels >1,000 ng/L, and platelet counts < 125 × 10 9 /L on admission were associated with fatal outcomes in COVID-19 patients. abstract: Objectives: An outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in 2019 in Wuhan, China, has spread quickly worldwide. However, the risk factors associated with COVID-19-related mortality remain controversial. Methods: A total of 245 adult patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from two centers were analyzed. Chi-square, Fisher's exact, and the Mann-Whitney U-tests were used to compare the clinical characteristics between the survivors and non-survivors. To explore the risk factors associated with in-hospital death, univariable and multivariable cox regression analyses were used. Results: Of the 245 patients included in this study, 23 (9.4%) died in the hospital. The multivariate regression analysis showed increased odds of in-hospital deaths associated with age, D-dimer levels >1,000 ng/L, platelet count <125, and higher serum creatinine levels. Conclusions: We identified risk factors that show significant association with mortality in adult COVID-19 patients, and our findings provide valuable references for clinicians to identify high-risk patients with COVID-19 at an early stage. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32984387/ doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00545 id: cord-353862-7xe3fvd5 author: Li, Na title: Maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia: a case-control study date: 2020-03-30 words: 3515.0 sentences: 199.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353862-7xe3fvd5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353862-7xe3fvd5.txt summary: METHODS: We conducted a case-control study to compare clinical characteristics, maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with and without COVID-19 pneumonia. An earlier study by Chen et al reported nine pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia, who took cesarean section in a tertiary hospital of Wuhan [8] . To date, none of previous studies have investigated the adverse effects of COVID-19 infection on pregnancy, by comparing maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia to those without pneumonia. Similar to two previous reports of nine and one pregnant women with confirmed COVID-19 infection [8, 22] , we did not find any evidence to support the vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from mother to fetus via placenta or during cesarean section. Second, we collected the data of sixteen pregnant women with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia and eighteen suspected cases with typical CT imaging. abstract: BACKGROUND: The ongoing epidemics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have caused serious concerns about its potential adverse effects on pregnancy. There are limited data on maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study to compare clinical characteristics, maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with and without COVID-19 pneumonia. RESULTS: During January 24 to February 29, 2020, there were sixteen pregnant women with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia and eighteen suspected cases who were admitted to labor in the third trimester. Two had vaginal delivery and the rest took cesarean section. Few patients presented respiratory symptoms (fever and cough) on admission, but most had typical chest CT images of COVID-19 pneumonia. Compared to the controls, COVID-19 pneumonia patients had lower counts of white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, C-reactive protein (CRP), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) on admission. Increased levels of WBC, neutrophils, eosinophils, and CRP were found in postpartum blood tests of pneumonia patients. There were three (18.8%) and three (16.7%) of the mothers with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 pneumonia had preterm delivery due to maternal complications, which were significantly higher than the control group. None experienced respiratory failure during hospital stay. COVID-19 infection was not found in the newborns and none developed severe neonatal complications. CONCLUSION: Severe maternal and neonatal complications were not observed in pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia who had vaginal delivery or caesarean section. Mild respiratory symptoms of pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia highlight the need of effective screening on admission. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32249918/ doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa352 id: cord-344423-jhdfscyw author: Lian, Xinbo title: Impact of city lockdown on the air quality of COVID-19-hit of Wuhan city date: 2020-06-30 words: 5269.0 sentences: 274.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344423-jhdfscyw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344423-jhdfscyw.txt summary: The lockdown had a substantial environmental impact, because traffic pollution and industrial emissions are important factors affecting air quality and public health in the region. Due to the lack of central heating and chemical industry, in addition to the emissions from coal-fired enterprises such as power plants and the pollution transported from surrounding rural biomass burning activities, vehicle emissions are responsible for the most important pollution source affecting the air quality and public health in Wuhan (Daoru Liu, J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 5 2020). Compared with the corresponding periods, the rate of good days (AQI < 100) increased by 37.4%, which means that during the lockdown, the air quality in Wuhan had no significant effect on human health, and only some pollutants may have had a weak impact on the health of a small number of unusually sensitive people. abstract: Abstract A series of strict lockdown measures were implemented in the areas of China worst affected by coronavirus disease 19, including Wuhan, to prevent the disease spreading. The lockdown had a substantial environmental impact, because traffic pollution and industrial emissions are important factors affecting air quality and public health in the region. After the lockdown, the average monthly air quality index (AQI) in Wuhan was 59.7, which is 33.9% lower than that before the lockdown (January 23, 2020) and 47.5% lower than that during the corresponding period (113.6) from 2015 to 2019. Compared with the conditions before the lockdown, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) decreased by 36.9% and remained the main pollutant. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) showed the largest decrease of approximately 53.3%, and ozone (O3) increased by 116.6%. The proportions of fixed-source emissions and transported external-source emissions in this area increased. After the lockdown, O3 pollution was highly negatively correlated with the NO2 concentration, and the radiation increase caused by the PM2.5 reduction was not the main reason for the increase in O3. This indicates that the generation of secondary pollutants is influenced by multiple factors and is not only governed by emission reduction. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004896972034078X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140556 id: cord-285153-schpgyo0 author: Lin, Chen title: COVID-19 pneumonia patient without clear epidemiological history outside Wuhan: An analysis of the radiographic and clinical features date: 2020-04-24 words: 673.0 sentences: 40.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285153-schpgyo0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285153-schpgyo0.txt summary: title: COVID-19 pneumonia patient without clear epidemiological history outside Wuhan: An analysis of the radiographic and clinical features The purpose of this case report is to describe the CT and clinical features of a COVID-19 pneumonia patient without clear epidemiological history outside Wuhan, China. The purpose of this case report is to describe the radiographic and clinical features of a COVID-19 pneumonia patient without clear epidemiological history outside Wuhan, China. After 7 days of treatment (February 6, 2020), the patient''s HRCT showed that her bilateral pulmonary lesions had improved and a little fibrous stripe was evident ( Figures 1E and 1F ). Current research demonstrated that the most common HRCT features of COVID-19 pneumonia are patchy/punctate ground glass opacities (85.7%), patchy J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f consolidation (19.0%) that are mainly distributed in a sub-pleural area, and the presence of fibrous stripes after the patient''s condition improves [2] . abstract: The purpose of this case report is to describe the CT and clinical features of a COVID-19 pneumonia patient without clear epidemiological history outside Wuhan, China. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.04.023 doi: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.04.023 id: cord-309569-b9jcgx4s author: Lin, Qiu-Shi title: Further explanations for the eq. (3) in “Estimating the daily trend in the size of the COVID-19 infected population in Wuhan” date: 2020-09-15 words: 374.0 sentences: 31.0 pages: flesch: 73.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309569-b9jcgx4s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309569-b9jcgx4s.txt summary: To avoid possible confusions to the readers, we provide further explanations for the eq. (3) in the research article "Estimating the daily trend in the size of the COVID-19 infected population in Wuhan" published in the Infectious Diseases of Poverty. In our study [1] , we proposed a new model to estimate the daily trend in the size of the COVID-19 infected population in Wuhan. To make our model clearer, here x t is in fact the number of infected individuals that travelled from Wuhan to places outside Hubei province on Day t − d. But the date of confirmation is available for each of the 10 940 cases, so we use the cumulative number of imported cases outside Hubei province as of Day t as apEstimating the daily trend in the size of the COVID-19 infected population in Wuhan Estimating the daily trend in the size of the COVID-19 infected population in Wuhan abstract: To avoid possible confusions to the readers, we provide further explanations for the eq. (3) in the research article “Estimating the daily trend in the size of the COVID-19 infected population in Wuhan” published in the Infectious Diseases of Poverty. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32933588/ doi: 10.1186/s40249-020-00749-5 id: cord-311585-h4holhit author: Ling, R. title: Seroprevalence and epidemiological characteristics of immunoglobulin M and G antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic people in Wuhan, China date: 2020-06-19 words: 3784.0 sentences: 247.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311585-h4holhit.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311585-h4holhit.txt summary: Background The seroprevalence of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may be a more reliable approach to detect true infected population, particularly in asymptomatic persons. This retrospective study estimated the seroprevalence of IgM and IgG and compared the epidemiological characteristics of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2-infected population. Hubei province including IgM and IgG tests for SARS-CoV-2 antibody, nucleic acid tests from March 26 to April 28, 2020 among people aged 16-64 years who went back to work. Clinical data were collected from March 26 to April 28, 2020, including serum IgG positivity and IgM positivity or negative results for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, nucleic acid testing, clinical symptoms, previous medical history, and chest CT. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.16.20132423 doi: medRxiv preprint study, the IgG seroprevalence was higher in females than in males, indicating that women were more likely to have asymptomatic infections. abstract: Background The seroprevalence of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may be a more reliable approach to detect true infected population, particularly in asymptomatic persons. Few studies focus on the diagnosis of COVID-19 patients using serological tests. To detect and assess asymptomatic infections of COVID-19 among people in Wuhan, the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic in China, and provide evidence for planning adequate public health measures, we collected and analyzed the clinical data in the Wuhan General Hospital mandatory for 16- to 64-year-old asymptomatic people. This retrospective study estimated the seroprevalence of IgM and IgG and compared the epidemiological characteristics of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2-infected population. Methods Demographical and radiological data were collected from the Wuhan General Hospital between March 26 and April 28, 2020. Serological tests for IgM and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were conducted with a colloidal gold method. Nucleic acid sequences of viruses were detected with RT-PCR. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS 20.0 software. Findings Between March 26 and April 28, 2020, 18,391 asymptomatic back-to-work participants were enrolled. Among them, 89 had positivity for IgM (0.48%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.38-0.58%); 620 cases had IgG positivity (3.37%, 95% CI: 3.11-3.64%), and 650 cases had either IgG positivity or IgM positivity (3.53%, 95% CI: 3.26-3.80%). After standardizing for the genders and ages in the population of Wuhan, the overall standardized seroprevalence of IgG was 3.33% (95% CI: 3.07-3.59%) and the standardized seroprevalence of IgG was 3.01% (95% CI: 2.69-3.33%) among males and 3.66% (95 % CI: 3.23-4.09%) among females. The standardized seroprevalence of IgG was higher in women than in men with a significant difference ({chi}2 = 2,060.3, p < 0.01). By a detection method adjustment, the seroprevalence of IgG was 1.57% (95% CI: 1.39-1.75%) in all medical records, of which males were 1.96% (95% CI: 1.64-2.28%), and females were 1.19% (95% CI: 0.99-1.39%). The assay-adjusted seroprevalence of IgG was higher in women than in men, and the difference was significant ({chi}2 = 5,871.0, p < 0.01). The differences were significant for the seroprevalence of IgG among people who went back to work in different categories of workplace ({chi}2 = 198.44, p < 0.01). The differences in seroprevalence for IgG positivity or IgM positivity among people who went back to work in different urban and rural areas was also significant ({chi}2 = 45.110, p < 0.01). Calculated as IgG and/or IgM antibody positivity, the number of new infections was reduced by 64.8% from March 26 to April 28, 2020. Based on the census population aged 16-64 years in Wuhan in 2017, we estimated that 172,340 (95% CI: 157,568-187,112) asymptomatic people aged 16-64 years were infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan between March 25 and April 28, 2020. This estimate was 3.4-times higher than the officially reported 50,333 infections on April 28. Interpretation The seropositivity rate in Wuhan indicated that RT-PCR-confirmed patients only represented a small part of the total number of cases. Seropositivity progressively decreased in the Wuhan population from March 26 to April 28, 2020, comparable to Japan and Denmark, but well below the level reported in New York, Iran, Italy, and Germany. The prevalence of asymptomatic infection was higher in women than in men among people who went back to work in Wuhan. The low seroprevalence suggests that most of the population remains susceptible to COVID-19. Funding The Emergency Management Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81842035) and Advisory Research Project of the Chinese Academy of Engineering in 2019 (2019-XZ-70). url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.16.20132423 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.16.20132423 id: cord-354717-4vrqzbof author: Linton, Natalie M. title: Incubation Period and Other Epidemiological Characteristics of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infections with Right Truncation: A Statistical Analysis of Publicly Available Case Data date: 2020-02-17 words: 3123.0 sentences: 146.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354717-4vrqzbof.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354717-4vrqzbof.txt summary: title: Incubation Period and Other Epidemiological Characteristics of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infections with Right Truncation: A Statistical Analysis of Publicly Available Case Data Using publicly available event-date data from the ongoing epidemic, the present study investigated the incubation period and other time intervals that govern the epidemiological dynamics of COVID-19 infections. The median time delay of 13 days from illness onset to death (17 days with right truncation) should be considered when estimating the COVID-19 case fatality risk. Using publicly available data from the ongoing epidemic with known case event dates, the present study aimed to estimate the incubation period and other time intervals that govern the interpretation of epidemiological dynamics of COVID-19 infections. The median time from illness onset to hospital admission was estimated at 3.3 days (95% CI: 2.7, 4.0) among living cases and 6.5 days (95% CI: 5.2, 8.0) among deceased cases using the gamma distribution, which provided the best fit for both sets of data. abstract: The geographic spread of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infections from the epicenter of Wuhan, China, has provided an opportunity to study the natural history of the recently emerged virus. Using publicly available event-date data from the ongoing epidemic, the present study investigated the incubation period and other time intervals that govern the epidemiological dynamics of COVID-19 infections. Our results show that the incubation period falls within the range of 2–14 days with 95% confidence and has a mean of around 5 days when approximated using the best-fit lognormal distribution. The mean time from illness onset to hospital admission (for treatment and/or isolation) was estimated at 3–4 days without truncation and at 5–9 days when right truncated. Based on the 95th percentile estimate of the incubation period, we recommend that the length of quarantine should be at least 14 days. The median time delay of 13 days from illness onset to death (17 days with right truncation) should be considered when estimating the COVID-19 case fatality risk. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020538 doi: 10.3390/jcm9020538 id: cord-292537-9ra4r6v6 author: Liu, Fenglin title: Predicting and analyzing the COVID-19 epidemic in China: Based on SEIRD, LSTM and GWR models date: 2020-08-27 words: 5662.0 sentences: 259.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292537-9ra4r6v6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292537-9ra4r6v6.txt summary: For the study of infectious diseases like COVID-19, SARS, and Ebola, most of the literature used descriptive research or model methods to assess indicators and analyze the effect of interventions, such as combining migration data to evaluate the potential infection rate [18, 19] , understanding the impact of factors like environmental temperature and vaccines that might be potentially linked to the diseases [20, 21] , using basic and time-varying reproduction number (R 0 & R t ) to estimate changeable transmission dynamics of epidemic conditions [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] , calculating and predicting the fatal risk to display any stage of outbreak [28] [29] [30] , or providing suggestions and interventions from risk management and other related aspects based on the results of modeling tools or historical lessons [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] . abstract: In December 2019, the novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The epidemic quickly broke out and spread throughout the country. Now it becomes a pandemic that affects the whole world. In this study, three models were used to fit and predict the epidemic situation in China: a modified SEIRD (Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered-Dead) dynamic model, a neural network method LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory), and a GWR (Geographically Weighted Regression) model reflecting spatial heterogeneity. Overall, all the three models performed well with great accuracy. The dynamic SEIRD prediction APE (absolute percent error) of China had been ≤ 1.0% since Mid-February. The LSTM model showed comparable accuracy. The GWR model took into account the influence of geographical differences, with R(2) = 99.98% in fitting and 97.95% in prediction. Wilcoxon test showed that none of the three models outperformed the other two at the significance level of 0.05. The parametric analysis of the infectious rate and recovery rate demonstrated that China's national policies had effectively slowed down the spread of the epidemic. Furthermore, the models in this study provided a wide range of implications for other countries to predict the short-term and long-term trend of COVID-19, and to evaluate the intensity and effect of their interventions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32853285/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238280 id: cord-339743-jxj10857 author: Liu, H. title: Synchronized travel restrictions across cities can be effective in COVID-19 control date: 2020-04-06 words: 4695.0 sentences: 267.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339743-jxj10857.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339743-jxj10857.txt summary: Previous studies established the impact of population outflow from Wuhan on the spatial spread of coronavirus in China and hinted the impact of the other three mobility patterns, i.e., population outflow from Hubei province excluding Wuhan, population inflow from cities outside Hubei, and intra-city population movement. Here we apply the cumulative confirmed cases and mobility data of 350 Chinese cities outside Hubei to explore the relationships between all mobility patterns and epidemic spread, and estimate the impact of local travel restrictions, both in terms of level and timing, on the epidemic control based on mobility change. We assume, after the Wuhan lockdown, the local travel restrictions in cities outside Hubei contributed to the epidemic control by influencing population mobility. The daily population outflow from Hubei (excluding Wuhan), inter-city population movement, and intra-city population movement after Feb 03, 2019, aligned by the Chinese lunar calendar with Jan 23, 2020, were used as proxy mobility data for the no local travel restrictions status in cities outside Hubei. abstract: Mobility control measures are of crucial importance for public health planning in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. Previous studies established the impact of population outflow from Wuhan on the spatial spread of coronavirus in China and hinted the impact of the other three mobility patterns, i.e., population outflow from Hubei province excluding Wuhan, population inflow from cities outside Hubei, and intra-city population movement. However, the overall impact of all mobility patterns, or the impact of the different timing of mobility restriction intervention, are not systematically analyzed. Here we apply the cumulative confirmed cases and mobility data of 350 Chinese cities outside Hubei to explore the relationships between all mobility patterns and epidemic spread, and estimate the impact of local travel restrictions, both in terms of level and timing, on the epidemic control based on mobility change. The relationships were identified by using Pearson correlation analysis and stepwise multivariable linear regression, while scenario simulation was used to estimate the mobility change caused by local travel restrictions. Our analysis shows that: (1) all mobility patterns correlated with the spread of the coronavirus in Chinese cities outside Hubei, while the corrleations droppd with the implemetation of travel restrictions; (2) the cumulative confirmed cases in two weeks after the Wuhan lockdown was mainly brought by three patterns of inter-city population movement, while those in the third and fourth weeks after was significantly influenced by the number of intra-city population movement; (3) the local travel restrictions imposed by cities outside Hubei have averted 1,960 (95%PI: 1,474-2,447) more infections, taking 22.4% (95%PI: 16.8%-27.9%) of confirmed ones, in two weeks after the Wuhan lockdown, while more synchronized implementation would further decrease the number of confirmed cases in the same period by 15.7% (95%PI:15.4%-16.0%) or 1,378 (95%PI: 1,353-1,402) cases; and (4) local travel restrictions on different mobility patterns have different degrees of protection on cities with or without initial confirmed cases until the Wuhan lockdown. Our results prove the effectiveness of local travel restrictions and highlight the importance of synchronized implementation of mobility control across cities in mitigating the COVID-19 transmission. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.02.20050781v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.02.20050781 id: cord-295386-voeptwrw author: Liu, J. title: Analysis of Collective Response Reveals that COVID-19-Related Activities Start From the End of 2019 in Mainland China date: 2020-10-16 words: 6162.0 sentences: 365.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295386-voeptwrw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295386-voeptwrw.txt summary: . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.14.20202531 doi: medRxiv preprint "cough" (20 th ), are included within the top keywords To analyze the early stage of the COVID-19 epidemic, we study the correlation of the search index of the high-ranked keywords between any two of the four regions (Wuhan, China, the US, and the world), using DCCA for each year between 2014 and 2020. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.14.20202531 doi: medRxiv preprint the correlations between Wuhan and the world, Wuhan and the US, the world and China, and the US and China have significantly changed and have dropped to negative in 2020, while the overall trends of search index dramatically increased in the same time, compared with other years. From the analysis, we can see that the general public in Beijing exhibited a high level of attention to the overall event as the search volume of a majority of keywords, e.g., "nucleic acid," "epidemic," "mask," "sore throat," and "fever," surges significantly following the outbreak on June 11th, where the search index of "nucleic acid" shown in Figure 2 is an example. abstract: While the COVID-19 outbreak is making an impact at a global scale, the collective response to the pandemic becomes the key to analyzing past situations, evaluating current measures, and formulating future predictions. In this paper, we analyze the public reactions to the pandemic using search engine data and mobility data from Baidu Search and Baidu Maps respectively, where we particularly pay attentions to the early stage of pandemics and find early signals from the collective response to COVID-19. First, we correlate the number of confirmed cases per day to daily search queries of a large number of keywords through Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) and Detrended Cross-Correlation Analysis (DCCA), where the keywords top in the most critical days are believed the most relevant to the pandemic. We then categorize the ranking lists of keywords according to the specific regions of the search, such as Wuhan, Mainland China, the USA, and the whole world. Through the analysis on search, we succeed in identifying COVID-19 related collective response would not be earlier than the end of 2019 in Mainland China. Finally, we confirm this observation again using human mobility data, where we specifically compare the massive mobility traces, including the real-time population densities inside key hospitals and inter-city travels departing from/arriving in Wuhan, from 2018 to 2020. No significant changes have been witnessed before December, 2019. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.14.20202531v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.14.20202531 id: cord-352030-hnm54k4r author: Liu, Jie title: Epidemiological, Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Medical Staff Infected with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A Retrospective Case Series Analysis date: 2020-03-13 words: 5263.0 sentences: 281.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352030-hnm54k4r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352030-hnm54k4r.txt summary: These included age, sex, occupation (doctor, or nurse), body mass index (BMI ≥ 24, or <24 kg/m 2 ), current smoking status (yes, or no), disease severity (non-severe, or severe), date of symptom onset, symptoms before hospital admission (fever, cough, fatigue, sore throat, myalgia, sputum production, difficulty breathing or chest tightness, chill, loss of appetite, diarrhea, and chest pain), coexisting conditions (e.g. hypertension, diabetes, etc.), laboratory testing indicators on admission (leucocyte count, lymphocyte count, platelet count, D-dimer, creatinine, creatine kinase, lactose dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, hemoglobin, ferritin, C-reactive protein, Amyloid A, total bilirubin, procalcitonin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and lymphocyte subsets, etc.), radiologic assessments of chest CT (lung involvement, lung lobe involvement, predominant CT changes, predominant distribution of opacities, etc.), treatment measures (antibiotics agents, antiviral agents, traditional Chinese medicine, immune globulin, thymosin, corticosteroids and oxygen therapy), and complications (e.g. pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute cardiac injury, acute kidney injury, shock, etc.). abstract: Backgrounds Since December 2019, a novel coronavirus epidemic has emerged in Wuhan city, China and then rapidly spread to other areas. As of 20 Feb 2020, a total of 2,055 medical staff confirmed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-Cov-2 in China had been reported. We sought to explore the epidemiological, clinical characteristics and prognosis of novel coronavirus-infected medical staff. Methods In this retrospective study, 64 confirmed cases of novel coronavirus-infected medical staff admitted to Union Hospital, Wuhan between 16 Jan, 2020 to 15 Feb, 2020 were included. Two groups concerned were extracted from the subjects based on duration of symptoms: group 1 (<= 10 days) and group 2 (>10 days). Epidemiological and clinical data were analyzed and compared across groups. The Kaplan-Meier plot was used to inspect the change in hospital discharge rate. The Cox regression model was utilized to identify factors associated with hospital discharge. Findings The median age of medical staff included was 35 years old. 64% were female and 67% were nurses. None had an exposure to Huanan seafood wholesale market or wildlife. A small proportion of the cohort had contact with specimens (5%) as well as patients in fever clinics (8%) and isolation wards (5%). Fever (67%) was the most common symptom, followed by cough (47%) and fatigue (34%). The median time interval between symptoms onset and admission was 8.5 days. On admission, 80% of medical staff showed abnormal IL-6 levels and 34% had lymphocytopenia. Chest CT mainly manifested as bilateral (61%), subpleural (80%) and ground-glass (52%) opacities. During the study period, no patients was transferred to intensive care unit or died, and 34 (53%) had been discharged. Higher body mass index (BMI) (HR 0.14; 95% CI 0.03-0.73), fever (HR 0.24; 95% CI 0.09-0.60) and higher levels of IL-6 on admission (HR 0.31; 95% CI 0.11-0.87) were unfavorable factors for discharge. Interpretation In this study, medical staff infected with COVID-19 have relatively milder symptoms and favorable clinical course, which may be partly due to their medical expertise, younger age and less underlying diseases. Smaller BMI, absence of fever symptoms and normal IL-6 levels on admission are favorable for discharge for medical staff. Further studies should be devoted to identifying the exact patterns of SARS-CoV-2 infection among medical staff. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.09.20033118 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.09.20033118 id: cord-288432-n2y9cunc author: Liu, Kun title: Population movement, city closure in Wuhan and geographical expansion of the 2019-nCoV pneumonia infection in China in January 2020 date: 2020-04-17 words: 2357.0 sentences: 144.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288432-n2y9cunc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288432-n2y9cunc.txt summary: BACKGROUND: The unprecedented outbreak of 2019-nCoV pneumonia infection in Wuhan City caused global concern, the outflowing population from Wuhan was believed to be a main reason for the rapid and large-scale spread of the disease, so the government implemented a city closure measure to prevent its transmission considering the large amount of travelling before the Chinese New Year. METHODS: Based on the daily reported new cases and the population movement data between January 1 and 31, we examined the effects of population outflow from Wuhan on the geographical expansion of the infection in other provinces and cities of China, as well as the impacts of the city closure in Wuhan in different scenarios of closing dates. Thus, we conducted this study with the following objectives: 1) to evaluate the impacts of the population movement on the spatial transmission of the 2019-nCoV cases at the provincial and city levels in China; 2) to estimate the potential outbreak risk at areas with the population outflowed from Wuhan; 3) to evaluate the effectiveness of the city closure measures on the epidemic control. abstract: BACKGROUND: The unprecedented outbreak of 2019-nCoV pneumonia infection in Wuhan City caused global concern, the outflowing population from Wuhan was believed to be a main reason for the rapid and large-scale spread of the disease, so the government implemented a city closure measure to prevent its transmission considering the large amount of travelling before the Chinese New Year. METHODS: Based on the daily reported new cases and the population movement data between January 1 and 31, we examined the effects of population outflow from Wuhan on the geographical expansion of the infection in other provinces and cities of China, as well as the impacts of the city closure in Wuhan in different scenarios of closing dates. RESULTS: We observed a significantly positive association between population movement and the number of the 2019-nCoV cases. The spatial distribution of cases per unit outflow population indicated that some areas with large outflow population might have been underestimated for the infection, such as Henan and Hunan provinces. Further analysis revealed that if the city closure policy was implemented two days earlier, 1420 (95% CI: 1059, 1833) cases could have been prevented, and if two days later, 1462 (95% CI: 1090, 1886) more cases would be possible. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that population movement might be one important trigger for the transmission of 2019-nCoV infection in China, and the policy of city closure is effective to control the epidemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32302377/ doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa422 id: cord-309001-erm705tg author: Liu, Q. title: Laboratory findings and a combined multifactorial approach to predict death in critically ill patients with COVID-19: a retrospective study date: 2020-06-30 words: 3454.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309001-erm705tg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309001-erm705tg.txt summary: To describe the laboratory findings of cases of death with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to establish a scoring system for predicting death, we conducted this single-centre, retrospective, observational study including 336 adult patients (≥18 years old) with severe or critically ill COVID-19 admitted in two wards of Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Wuhan, who had definite outcomes (death or discharge) between 1 February 2020 and 13 March 2020. This single-centre, retrospective, observational study included adult patients (≥18 years old) with severe or critically ill COVID-19 admitted in two wards of Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Wuhan. Therefore, in this research study, we analysed the laboratory examination indicators of patients who died and hoped to find out the risk factors that could predict the outcome of death. abstract: To describe the laboratory findings of cases of death with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to establish a scoring system for predicting death, we conducted this single-centre, retrospective, observational study including 336 adult patients (≥18 years old) with severe or critically ill COVID-19 admitted in two wards of Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Wuhan, who had definite outcomes (death or discharge) between 1 February 2020 and 13 March 2020. Single variable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify mortality-related factors. We combined multiple factors to predict mortality, which was validated by receiver operating characteristic curves. As a result, in a total of 336 patients, 34 (10.1%) patients died during hospitalisation. Through multivariable logistic regression, we found that decreased lymphocyte ratio (Lymr, %) (odds ratio, OR 0.574, P < 0.001), elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (OR 1.513, P = 0.009), and raised D-dimer (DD) (OR 1.334, P = 0.002) at admission were closely related to death. The combined prediction model was developed by these factors with a sensitivity of 100.0% and specificity of 97.2%. In conclusion, decreased Lymr, elevated BUN, and raised DD were found to be in association with death outcomes in critically ill patients with COVID-19. A scoring system was developed to predict the clinical outcome of these patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0950268820001442 doi: 10.1017/s0950268820001442 id: cord-310676-125o0o7x author: Liu, Qibin title: Prediction of the clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients using T lymphocyte subsets with 340 cases from Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study and a web visualization tool date: 2020-04-11 words: 2812.0 sentences: 163.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310676-125o0o7x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310676-125o0o7x.txt summary: title: Prediction of the clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients using T lymphocyte subsets with 340 cases from Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study and a web visualization tool Multivariate logistic regression model with death or discharge as the outcome resulted in the following significant predictors: age (OR 1.05, p 0.04), underlying disease status (OR 3.42, p 0.02), Helper T cells on the log scale (OR 0.22, p 0.00), and TH/TS on the log scale (OR 4.80, p 0.00). The death event occurred more quickly among elderly patients ( We also performed a multivariate logistic regression model using age, underlying disease status, and the baseline T lymphocyte subsets test as the predictors to predict the patient outcome (death or hospital discharge). In this study we have identified that older age, underlying diseases, and low T cell counts may be risk factors for poor clinical outcomes in COVID-10 positive patients. abstract: Background Wuhan, China was the epicenter of the 2019 coronavirus outbreak. As a designated hospital, Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital has received over 700 COVID-19 patients. With the COVID-19 becoming a pandemic all over the world, we aim to share our epidemiological and clinical findings with the global community. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we studied 340 confirmed COVID-19 patients from Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, including 310 discharged cases and 30 death cases. We analyzed their demographic, epidemiological, clinical and laboratory data and implemented our findings into an interactive, free access web application. Findings Baseline T lymphocyte Subsets differed significantly between the discharged cases and the death cases in two-sample t-tests: Total T cells (p < 2.2e-16), Helper T cells (p < 2.2e-16), Suppressor T cells (p = 1.8-14), and TH/TS (Helper/Suppressor ratio, p = 0.0066). Multivariate logistic regression model with death or discharge as the outcome resulted in the following significant predictors: age (OR 1.05, p 0.04), underlying disease status (OR 3.42, p 0.02), Helper T cells on the log scale (OR 0.22, p 0.00), and TH/TS on the log scale (OR 4.80, p 0.00). The McFadden pseudo R-squared for the logistic regression model is 0.35, suggesting the model has a fair predictive power. Interpretation While age and underlying diseases are known risk factors for poor prognosis, patients with a less damaged immune system at the time of hospitalization had higher chance of recovery. Close monitoring of the T lymphocyte subsets might provide valuable information of the patients condition change during the treatment process. Our web visualization application can be used as a supplementary tool for the evaluation. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.06.20056127 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.06.20056127 id: cord-305054-4d84b2g6 author: Liu, Yuan title: The selection of reference genome and the search for the origin of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-08-11 words: 2166.0 sentences: 140.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305054-4d84b2g6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305054-4d84b2g6.txt summary: The assembly obtained using RaTG13 as reference showed better statistics in total length and N50 than the assembly guided by SARS-CoV-2, indicating that RaTG13 maybe a better reference for assembling CoV in pangolin or other potential intermediate hosts. Zhang, Wu, and Zhang [13] re-analyzed the RNA-Seq reads from two pangolins carrying coronavirus using reference-guided de novo assembly method, with Wuhan-Hu-1 as the reference genome. They also performed RNA sequencing in five archived pangolins samples from Guangdong, and assembled the genomes using WIV04, another SARS-CoV-2 genome from human, as reference genome. Using de novo assembly method, they obtained viral genome that showed 90.32% and 90.24% of whole genome identify to Wuhan-Hu-1and Bat-CoV RaTG13, respectively. RaTG13, which is a bat CoV, had 1,287 reads mapped to it, and the resulting assembly has total length of 21,925 and N50 of 1,428. abstract: The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has a great impact on the whole world. In a theory of the origin of SARS-CoV-2, pangolins were considered a potential intermediate host. To assemble the coronavirus found in pangolins, SARS-CoV-2 were used a reference genome in most of studies, assuming that pangolins CoV and SARS-CoV-2 are the closest neighbors in the evolution. However, this assumption may not be true. We investigated how the selection of reference genome affect the resulting CoV genome assembly. We explored various representative CoV as reference genome, and found significant differences in the resulting assemblies. The assembly obtained using RaTG13 as reference showed better statistics in total length and N50 than the assembly guided by SARS-CoV-2, indicating that RaTG13 maybe a better reference for assembling CoV in pangolin or other potential intermediate hosts. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.10.245290 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.10.245290 id: cord-320930-9yiu0080 author: Liu, Zeming title: Association Between Diabetes and COVID-19: A Retrospective Observational Study With a Large Sample of 1,880 Cases in Leishenshan Hospital, Wuhan date: 2020-07-14 words: 3152.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320930-9yiu0080.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320930-9yiu0080.txt summary: title: Association Between Diabetes and COVID-19: A Retrospective Observational Study With a Large Sample of 1,880 Cases in Leishenshan Hospital, Wuhan Aims: This study aimed to investigate the clinical courses and outcomes of diabetes mellitus patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan. Conclusions: Our study results suggested that diabetes had no effect on the prognosis of COVID-19 patients but had a negative association with their clinical courses. In this study, we investigated the association between diabetes as a comorbidity and negative clinical courses and outcomes of COVID-19 in a large sample of patients from a single hospital in Wuhan, China. Similarly, our data supported that the proportion of severe or critical COVID-19 cases among patients with diabetes was higher than that among those without diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased mortality and severity of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia -a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression abstract: Aims: This study aimed to investigate the clinical courses and outcomes of diabetes mellitus patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan. Methods: This study enrolled 1,880 consecutive patients with confirmed COVID-19 in Leishenshan Hospital. We collected and analyzed their data, including demographic data, history of comorbidity, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, chest computed tomography (CT) images, treatment options, and survival. Results: The percentages of patients with diabetes among the severe and critical COVID-19 cases were higher than those among the mild or general cases (89.2%, 10.8 vs. 0%, p = 0.001). However, patients with and without diabetes showed no difference in the follow-up period (p = 0.993). The mortality rate in patients with or without diabetes was 2.9% (n = 4) and 1.1% (n = 9), respectively (p = 0.114). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses and the Kaplan-Meier curves did not show any statistically significant differences between patients with and without diabetes (all p > 0.05). Conclusions: Our study results suggested that diabetes had no effect on the prognosis of COVID-19 patients but had a negative association with their clinical courses. These results may be useful for clinicians in the management of diabetic patients with COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32760350/ doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00478 id: cord-343767-nnx8adtl author: Liu, Ziyuan title: Path Optimization of Medical Waste Transport Routes in the Emergent Public Health Event of COVID-19: A Hybrid Optimization Algorithm Based on the Immune–Ant Colony Algorithm date: 2020-08-12 words: 6143.0 sentences: 304.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343767-nnx8adtl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343767-nnx8adtl.txt summary: To a certain extent, the model and the algorithm are proposed to solve the problem of medical waste disposal, based on transit temporary storage stations, which we are convinced will have far-reaching significance for China and other countries to dispatch medical waste in response to such public health emergencies. In this paper, the immune algorithm, the q-value method, and the improved ant colony algorithm are applied to the model to solve the path planning problem of the transport of medical waste. The studies of this paper are to establish a number of transport stations and an efficient medical waste transport model between hospitals and transport stations and, eventually, optimize the transportation paths. For the path optimization problem between the transport station and the hospitals, we used the ant colony optimization algorithm and the tabu search algorithm to solve it, which is a vehicle routing problem with load constraints (CVRP). abstract: In response to the emergent public health event of COVID-19, the efficiency of transport of medical waste from hospitals to disposal stations is a worthwhile issue to study. In this paper, based on the actual situation of COVID-19 and environmental impact assessment guidelines, an immune algorithm is used to establish a location model of urban medical waste storage sites. In view of the selection of temporary storage stations and realistic transportation demand, an efficiency-of-transport model of medical waste between hospitals and temporary storage stations is established by using an ant colony–tabu hybrid algorithm. In order to specify such status, Wuhan city in Hubei Province, China—considered the first city to suffer from COVID-19—was chosen as an example of verification; the two-level model and the immune algorithm–ant colony optimization–tabu search (IA–ACO–TS) algorithm were used for simulation and testing, which achieved good verification. To a certain extent, the model and the algorithm are proposed to solve the problem of medical waste disposal, based on transit temporary storage stations, which we are convinced will have far-reaching significance for China and other countries to dispatch medical waste in response to such public health emergencies. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165831 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165831 id: cord-314273-xhnv5cje author: Lytras, Theodore title: Estimating the ascertainment rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China: implications for management of the global outbreak date: 2020-03-26 words: 2133.0 sentences: 118.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314273-xhnv5cje.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314273-xhnv5cje.txt summary: We sought to estimate the ascertainment ratio of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China, using a modified Bayesian SEIR model with publicly reported case data. With the outbreak having already turned into the latest global pandemic, one of the key unknowns that will determine its public health impact is the Infection Fatality Rate (IFR), i.e. the number of deaths as a proportion of all persons infected with the SARS-CoV-2 novel coronavirus, the causative pathogen of COVID-19. The ascertainment rate was estimated at just 0.465% (95% CrI 0.464-0.466%), meaning that for every confirmed case in Wuhan there had been approximately 200 SARS-CoV-2 infections that were not detected. is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint Assuming a variable contact rate over the study period, the R0 estimate would be as high as 5.33 until the Wuhan lockdown, falling to 2.09 until 10 February then up again to 3.83, with an ascertainment rate of 0.48%. abstract: We sought to estimate the ascertainment ratio of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China, using a modified Bayesian SEIR model with publicly reported case data. We estimated it at 0.465% (95%CI: 0.464-0.466%), implying that the outbreak in Wuhan was abated by depletion of susceptibles, rather than public health action alone. This suggests a high-transmissibility/low-severity profile for the current pandemic and raises doubt about whether suppression, rather than mitigation, is a feasible goal. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.24.20042218 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.24.20042218 id: cord-332387-rmmmhrjy author: Ma, Chang-Jin title: Air Quality Variation in Wuhan, Daegu, and Tokyo during the Explosive Outbreak of COVID-19 and Its Health Effects date: 2020-06-09 words: 6582.0 sentences: 388.0 pages: flesch: 67.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332387-rmmmhrjy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332387-rmmmhrjy.txt summary: This study was designed to assess the variation of the air quality actually measured from the air pollution monitoring stations (AQMS) in three cities (Wuhan, Daegu, and Tokyo), in Asian countries experiencing the explosive outbreak of COVID-19, in a short period of time. Wuhan, which had the largest decrease of PM(2.5) concentration due to COVID-19, also marked the largest reduced Dose(PM)(2.5 10-year-old children) (μg) (3660 μg at Br. and 6222 μg at AI), followed by Daegu (445 μg at Br. and 1287 μg at AI), and Tokyo (18 μg at Br. and 52 μg at AI), over two months after the city lockdown/self-reflection. In this study, the air quality variation with the trend of COVID-19 at Wuhan in China, Daegu in South Korea, and Tokyo in Japan experienced explosive outbreaks in a short period of time, which was estimated based on the actual measured data from air pollution monitoring stations (AQMS). abstract: This study was designed to assess the variation of the air quality actually measured from the air pollution monitoring stations (AQMS) in three cities (Wuhan, Daegu, and Tokyo), in Asian countries experiencing the explosive outbreak of COVID-19, in a short period of time. In addition, we made a new attempt to calculate the reduced Dose(PM)(2.5) (μg) at the bronchiolar (Br.) and alveolar-interstitial (AI) regions of the 10-year-old children after the city lockdown/self-reflection of each city. A comparison of the average PM(2.5) of a month before and after the lockdown (Wuhan) and self-reflection (Daegu and Tokyo) clearly shows that the PM(2.5) concentration was decreased by 29.9, 20.9, and 3.6% in Wuhan, Daegu and Tokyo, respectively. Wuhan, Daegu and Tokyo also recorded 53.2, 19.0, and 10.4% falls of NO(2) concentration, respectively. Wuhan, which had the largest decrease of PM(2.5) concentration due to COVID-19, also marked the largest reduced Dose(PM)(2.5 10-year-old children) (μg) (3660 μg at Br. and 6222 μg at AI), followed by Daegu (445 μg at Br. and 1287 μg at AI), and Tokyo (18 μg at Br. and 52 μg at AI), over two months after the city lockdown/self-reflection. Our results suggest that the city lockdown/self-reflection had the effect of lowering the concentration of PM(2.5), resulting in an extension of the period it took to the acute allergic airway inflammation (AAI) for the 10-year-old children. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114119 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17114119 id: cord-315598-qwh72inx author: Mendoza, Jose Luis Accini title: ACTUALIZACION DE LA DECLARACIÓN DE CONSENSO EN MEDICINA CRITICA PARA LA ATENCIÓN MULTIDISCIPLINARIA DEL PACIENTE CON SOSPECHA O CONFIRMACIÓN DIAGNÓSTICA DE COVID-19 date: 2020-10-06 words: 69640.0 sentences: 6489.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315598-qwh72inx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315598-qwh72inx.txt summary: De otorgarse un Consentimiento Informado amplio, éste debería ser única y exclusivamente para los procesos asociados con COVID-19".(71) AMCI ® Se recomienda considerar la transición del cuidado intensivo al cuidado paliativo en todo paciente con sospecha o diagnóstico de COVID-19 sin mejoría a pesar de las intervenciones óptimas, con empeoramiento progresivo de su pronóstico vital y ante un evidente deterioro; aplicando medidas generales en control de síntomas ( Manejo de secreciones -Tratamiento del dolor -Tratamiento de la disnea -Sedación paliativa), así como apoyo espiritual, siempre acompañando al paciente y nunca abandonarlo en el final de la vida. En cuanto hace referencia a la situación actual de pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 y compromiso pulmonar; Wu y cols, en Marzo de 2.020 realizaron un estudio retrospectivo de 201 pacientes con COVID-19 en China; para aquellos pacientes que desarrollaron SDRA, el tratamiento con metilprednisolona estuvo asociado con una disminución del riesgo de muerte (23/50 [46%] con esteroides vs 21/34 [62%] sin esteroides; HR, 0.38 [IC 95%, 0.20-0.72]), con las limitaciones de los estudios retrospectivo, de un solo centro, con un limitado número de pacientes (400). abstract: Antecedentes y objetivos: La enfermedad por coronavirus de 2019 (COVID-19) es una enfermedad ocasionada por el nuevo coronavirus del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave (SARS-CoV-2). Se identificó por primera vez en diciembre de 2019 en la ciudad de Wuhan, en los meses siguientes se expandió rápidamente a todos los continentes y la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), la reconoció como una pandemia global el 11 de marzo de 2020. La mayoría de los individuos son asintomáticos pero una baja proporción ingresan a cuidados intensivos con una alta morbilidad y mortalidad. Este consenso tiene como objetivo actualizar la declaratoria inicial emitida por la Asociación Colombiana de Medicina Crítica (AMCI) para el manejo del paciente críticamente enfermo con COVID-19 dentro de las áreas críticas de las instituciones de salud. Métodos: Este estudio utilizó dos técnicas de consenso formal para construir las recomendaciones finales: Delphi modificada y grupos nominales. Se construyeron preguntas por la estrategia PICO. 10 grupos nominales desarrollaron recomendaciones para cada unidad temática. El producto del consenso fue evaluado y calificado en una ronda Delphi y se discutió de forma virtual por los relatores de cada núcleo y los representantes de sociedades médicas científicas afines al manejo del paciente con COID-19. Resultados: 80 expertos nacionales participaron en la actualización del consenso AMCI, especialistas en Medicina Critica y Cuidados Intensivos, Nefrología, Neurología, Neumología, bioeticistas, Medicina interna, Anestesia, Cirugía General, Cirugía de cabeza y cuello, Cuidados Paliativos, Enfermeras Especialistas en Medicina crítica, Terapeutas respiratorias especialistas en medicina crítica y Fisioterapia, con experiencia clínica en la atención del paciente críticamente enfermo. La declaratoria emite recomendaciones en los ámbitos más relevantes para la atención en salud de los casos de COVID-19 al interior de las unidades de cuidados intensivos en el contexto nacional de Colombia. Conclusiones: un grupo significativo multidisciplinario de profesionales expertos en medicina crítica emiten mediante técnicas de consenso formal recomendaciones sobre la mejor práctica para la atención del paciente críticamente enfermo con COVID-19. Las recomendaciones deben ser adaptadas a las condiciones específicas, administrativas y estructurales de las distintas unidades de cuidados intensivos del país. Background and objectives: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). It was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. In the following months it spread quickly to all continents and was recognised as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11th, 2020. Most cases of infection remain asymptomatic, while a low proportion require intensive care, experiencing high morbidity and mortality. This consensus aims to update the initial statement issued by the Colombian Association of Critical Medicine (AMCI) for the management of the critically ill patient with COVID-19 within the critical areas of health institutions. Methods: This study used two formal consensus techniques to construct the final recommendations: modified Delphi and nominal groups. Questions were constructed using the PICO strategy. Recommendations for each thematic unit were developed by 10 nominal groups. The consensus product was evaluated and qualified in a Delphi round, and was discussed virtually by the speaker of each nucleus, as well as the representatives of scientific medical societies related to the management of the patient with COVID-19. Results: A total of 80 national experts participated in the update of the AMCI consensus, all specialists in Critical and Intensive Care Medicine, Nephrologists, Neurologists, Chest physician, bioethicists, Internal medicine specialists, Anaesthetists, General Surgeons, head and neck surgery, palliative care, Nurses Specialised in Critical Medicine, Respiratory therapists specialised in critical medicine and Physiotherapy, with clinical experience in the care of critically ill patients. This update issues recommendations in the most relevant areas for health care of COVID-19 patients within the intensive care units, contextualised for Colombia. Conclusions: A significant multidisciplinary group of professionals, who are experts in critical medicine, reviewed and issued recommendations on best practice for the care of critically ill patients with COVID-19 through formal consensus techniques. Recommendations must be adapted to the specific, administrative, and structural conditions of the different intensive care units in the country. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0122726220300859?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.acci.2020.09.004 id: cord-296182-hhswage4 author: Meng, Lingzhong title: Intubation and Ventilation amid the COVID-19 Outbreak: Wuhan’s Experience date: 2020-04-08 words: 6532.0 sentences: 364.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296182-hhswage4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296182-hhswage4.txt summary: Healthcare providers, who are tasked with taking care of critically ill patients, need to perform the best practices of intubation and ventilation tailored explicitly to the victims of this sweeping COVID-19 outbreak and, at the same time, adhere to strict self-protection precautions. The Chinese Society of Anesthesiology Task Force on Airway Management released a fast-track publication with the recommendation to proceed with endotracheal intubation for patients showing no improvement in respiratory distress, tachypnea (respiratory rate greater than 30 per minute), and poor oxygenation (Pao 2 to Fio 2 ratio less than 150 mmHg) after 2-h highflow oxygen therapy or noninvasive ventilation. Although the aerosol-generating potential of noninvasive ventilation is a potential concern to some providers, 19 the bilevel positive airway pressure machine is widely used amid this outbreak for patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in Wuhan and the rest of China. abstract: The COVID-19 outbreak has led to 80,409 diagnosed cases and 3,012 deaths in mainland China based on the data released on March 4, 2020. Approximately 3.2% of patients with COVID-19 required intubation and invasive ventilation at some point in the disease course. Providing best practices regarding intubation and ventilation for an overwhelming number of patients with COVID-19 amid an enhanced risk of cross-infection is a daunting undertaking. The authors presented the experience of caring for the critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan. It is extremely important to follow strict self-protection precautions. Timely, but not premature, intubation is crucial to counter a progressively enlarging oxygen debt despite high-flow oxygen therapy and bilevel positive airway pressure ventilation. Thorough preparation, satisfactory preoxygenation, modified rapid sequence induction, and rapid intubation using a video laryngoscope are widely used intubation strategies in Wuhan. Lung-protective ventilation, prone position ventilation, and adequate sedation and analgesia are essential components of ventilation management. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000003296 doi: 10.1097/aln.0000000000003296 id: cord-261079-rarud78k author: Meng, Mei title: Rapidly organize redeployed medical staff in coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: what we should do date: 2020-09-20 words: 1386.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261079-rarud78k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261079-rarud78k.txt summary: By March 4, 2020 , approximately 43,000 medical staff from different regions across the country were assigned to different hospitals in Hubei province, working in the frontline of the outbreak and treating patients with COVID-19. They arrived in Wuhan at midnight and received the training of prevention and control of hospital infection the next day. Governments and hospitals took responsibility for supplying PPE for medical staff teams, which assured that all teams participating in managing COVID-19 patients were well protected from virus contracting and spreading. The governments and hospitals attached great importance to preventing infection of medical staff in the frontline fighting the epidemic. In addition, hospital infection experts were responsible for supervising the personal protection of all team members. [8] Fourth, Communication is a Key Element for Optimizing the Effectiveness of the Medical Team Frontline medical staff in Wuhan had numerous difficulties, including missing their family, worrying about becoming infected, and potential shortages of protective equipment. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1097/cm9.0000000000001033 doi: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001033 id: cord-267548-7mcfehzc author: Mizumoto, Kenji title: Estimating Risk for Death from Coronavirus Disease, China, January–February 2020 date: 2020-06-17 words: 2727.0 sentences: 118.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267548-7mcfehzc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267548-7mcfehzc.txt summary: We estimated the time-delay adjusted risk for death from COVID-19 in Wuhan, as well as for China excluding Wuhan, to assess the severity of the epidemic in the country. The elevated death risk estimates are probably associated with a breakdown of the healthcare system, indicating that enhanced public health interventions, including social distancing and movement restrictions, should be implemented to bring the COVID-19 epidemic under control. S ince the first case of coronavirus disease (COVwas identified in December 2019 in the city of Wuhan in the Hubei Province of China, the novel virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) has continued to spread around the world, resulting in several thousand reported cases in multiple countries. During the course of the outbreak, our model-based posterior estimates of time-delay adjusted CFR have much higher values than the observed crude CFR, except for the early stage in Wuhan and the later stage in China excluding Hubei Province. abstract: Since December 2019, when the first case of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was identified in the city of Wuhan in the Hubei Province of China, the epidemic has generated tens of thousands of cases throughout China. As of February 28, 2020, the cumulative number of reported deaths in China was 2,858. We estimated the time-delay adjusted risk for death from COVID-19 in Wuhan, as well as for China excluding Wuhan, to assess the severity of the epidemic in the country. Our estimates of the risk for death in Wuhan reached values as high as 12% in the epicenter of the epidemic and ≈1% in other, more mildly affected areas. The elevated death risk estimates are probably associated with a breakdown of the healthcare system, indicating that enhanced public health interventions, including social distancing and movement restrictions, should be implemented to bring the COVID-19 epidemic under control. url: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2606.200233 doi: 10.3201/eid2606.200233 id: cord-350822-m3t7l9zw author: Mo, Yuanyuan title: Work stress among Chinese nurses to support Wuhan in fighting against COVID‐19 epidemic date: 2020-05-20 words: 3619.0 sentences: 185.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350822-m3t7l9zw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350822-m3t7l9zw.txt summary: AIMS: To investigate the work stress among Chinese nurses who are supporting Wuhan in fighting against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection and to explore the relevant influencing factors. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the work stress load among Chinese nurses who support Wuhan in fighting against COVID-19 infection and to explore the relevant influencing factors for the development of psychological interventions for Chinese nurses in order that they can adjust to public health emergencies. The results showed that whether the participants are the only child in their families, working hours per week and anxiety were the main factors influencing the stress load of nurses assisting in the fight against COVID-19, which can explain 52.1% of the total variation, as shown in Table 2 . abstract: AIMS: To investigate the work stress among Chinese nurses who are supporting Wuhan in fighting against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection and to explore the relevant influencing factors. BACKGROUND: The COVID‐19 epidemic has posed a major threat to public health. Nurses have always played an important role in infection prevention, infection control, isolation, containment and public health. However, available data on the work stress among these nurses are limited. METHODS: A cross‐sectional survey. An online questionnaire was completed by 180 anti‐epidemic nurses from Guangxi. Data collection tools, including the Chinese version of the Stress Overload Scale (SOS) and the Self‐rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), were used. Descriptive single factor correlation and multiple regression analyses were used in exploring the related influencing factors. RESULTS: The SOS (39.91 ± 12.92) and SAS (32.19 ± 7.56) scores of this nurse group were positively correlated (r = 0.676, p < .05). Multiple regression analysis showed that only children, working hours per week and anxiety were the main factors affecting nurse stress (p = .000, .048, .000, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Nurses who fight against COVID‐19 were generally under pressure. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Nurse leaders should pay attention to the work stress and the influencing factors of the nurses who are fighting against COVID‐19 infection, and offer solutions to retain mental health among these nurses. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13014 doi: 10.1111/jonm.13014 id: cord-275835-z38cgov9 author: Mogharab, Vahid title: The first case of COVID-19 infection in a 75-day-old infant in Jahrom City, south of Iran date: 2020-04-13 words: 633.0 sentences: 42.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275835-z38cgov9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275835-z38cgov9.txt summary: title: The first case of COVID-19 infection in a 75-day-old infant in Jahrom City, south of Iran The first case of COVID-19 infection in a 75day-old infant in Jahrom City, south of Iran 3 On January 20, 2020, a 55-year-old woman working in Wuhan, arrived at Taiwan and was referred to quarantine authorities with symptoms of sore throat, dry cough, fatigue, and feeling low-grade fever on January 11. study, most studies have reported the infection to be more severe in adults rather than the child, the dissemination of COVID-19 in children implies that it has high transmitting potential in a specific transmission dynamics. World Health organization declares global emergency: a review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) The first case of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia imported into Korea from Wuhan, China: implication for infection prevention and control measures First case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia in Taiwan abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0929664620301078 doi: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.03.015 id: cord-262693-z9dolxky author: Nishiura, Hiroshi title: Initial Cluster of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Infections in Wuhan, China Is Consistent with Substantial Human-to-Human Transmission date: 2020-02-11 words: 1447.0 sentences: 67.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262693-z9dolxky.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262693-z9dolxky.txt summary: title: Initial Cluster of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Infections in Wuhan, China Is Consistent with Substantial Human-to-Human Transmission Reanalysis of the epidemic curve from the initial cluster of cases with novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in December 2019 indicates substantial human-to-human transmission. To support the hypothesis of zoonotic origin of 2019-nCoV stemming from the Huanan seafood market, the index case should have had exposure history related to the market and the virus should have been identified from animals sold at the market. The clinical summary of the earliest cases of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infections in Wuhan, China was recently published [1] , showing the majority of cases were exposed to the Huanan seafood market, which also had wild animals, suggesting the possibility of zoonotic transmission in the market. Second, without identifying the virus in Second, assuming a constant SI of 8 days, the epidemic curve of cases by the date of illness onset can be transformed to that by generation of cases. abstract: Reanalysis of the epidemic curve from the initial cluster of cases with novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in December 2019 indicates substantial human-to-human transmission. It is possible that the common exposure history at a seafood market in Wuhan originated from the human-to-human transmission events within the market, and the early, strong emphasis that market exposure indicated animal-to-human transmission was potentially the result of observer bias. To support the hypothesis of zoonotic origin of 2019-nCoV stemming from the Huanan seafood market, the index case should have had exposure history related to the market and the virus should have been identified from animals sold at the market. As these requirements remain unmet, zoonotic spillover at the market must not be overemphasized. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020488 doi: 10.3390/jcm9020488 id: cord-338001-jig46hsk author: Ong, Jacqueline S. M. title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Critically Ill Children: A Narrative Review of the Literature date: 2020-04-21 words: 3418.0 sentences: 178.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338001-jig46hsk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338001-jig46hsk.txt summary: In the small cohort from Tongji Hospital (6), Wuhan, one out of the six children with COVID-19 was admitted to intensive care. Given that children appear to have mild disease and may have a clinical picture similar to that of viral bronchiolitis, the use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV), and/or high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) for respiratory support would likely be preferred amongst PICU clinicians. Caregivers are close contacts of the infected patient, although they may be asymptomatic at the time-in the Wuhan Children''s Hospital series with active case finding of close contacts, 90% of confirmed cases had family members who were either confirmed or suspect disease (5) . Given the low rates of critical illness due to COVID-19, this process will likely exert more impact on day-to-day processes in PICUs than sick patients with confirmed infection. Paediatric Intensive Care Society UK: PICS Guidance on Management of Critically Ill Children With COVID-19 Infection abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 has spread around the world. In the 3 months since its emergence, we have learned a great deal about its clinical management and its relevance to the pediatric critical care provider. In this article, we review the available literature and provide valuable insight into the clinical management of this disease, as well as information on preparedness activities that every PICU should perform. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/pcc.0000000000002376 doi: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000002376 id: cord-286683-mettlmhz author: Ortiz-Prado, Esteban title: Clinical, molecular and epidemiological characterization of the SARS-CoV2 virus and the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a comprehensive literature review date: 2020-05-30 words: 13299.0 sentences: 726.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286683-mettlmhz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286683-mettlmhz.txt summary: Interestingly, the increased amounts of proinflammatory cytokines in serum associated with pulmonary inflammation and extensive lung damage described both in SARS [59] and MERS diseases [60] were also reported in the early study of 41 patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan [41] . A recently published case report of a patient with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 revealed the presence of an increased activated CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells, antibody-secreting cells (ASCs), follicular helper T cells (TFH cells), and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies, suggesting that both cellular and humoral responses are important in containing the virus and inhibiting severe pathology [82] . Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: Retrospective case series abstract: Abstract Coronaviruses are an extensive family of viruses that can cause disease in both animals and humans. The current classification of coronaviruses recognizes 39 species in 27 subgenera that belong to the family Coronaviridae. From those, at least seven coronaviruses are known to cause respiratory infections in humans. Four of these viruses can cause common cold-like symptoms. Those that infect animals can evolve and become infectious to humans. Three recent examples of these viral jumps include SARS CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS CoV-2 virus. They are responsible for causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and the most recently discovered coronavirus disease during 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19, a respiratory disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 March 2020. The rapid spread of the disease has taken the scientific and medical community by surprise. Latest figures from 20th May 2020 show more than 5 million people had been infected with the virus, causing more than 330,000 deaths in over 210 countries worldwide. The large amount of information received daily relating to COVID-19 is so abundant and dynamic that medical staff, health authorities, academics and the media are not able to keep up with this new pandemic. In order to offer a clear insight of the extensive literature available, we have conducted a comprehensive literature review of the SARS CoV-2 Virus and the Coronavirus Diseases 2019 (COVID-19). url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115094 doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115094 id: cord-320953-1st77mvh author: Overton, ChristopherE. title: Using statistics and mathematical modelling to understand infectious disease outbreaks: COVID-19 as an example date: 2020-07-04 words: 15721.0 sentences: 734.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320953-1st77mvh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320953-1st77mvh.txt summary: These include interpreting symptom progression and fatality ratios with delay distributions and right-censoring, exacerbated by exponential growth in cases leading to the majority of case data being on recently infected individuals; lack of clarity and consistency in denominators; inconsistency of case definitions over time and the eventual impact of interventions and changes to behaviour on transmission dynamics. We then develop a household-based contact tracing model, with which we investigate the extinction probability under weaker isolation policies paired with contact tracing, thus shedding light on possible combinations of interventions that allow us to feasibly manage the infection while minimising the social impact of control policies. Applying household isolation at 65% adherence ( 0.65 W α = ) manages to reduce the spread of infection, but appears insufficient in this model and with baseline parameters for controlling the outbreak in the long-term, unless other intervention strategies that reduce the global transmission (increasing ε) are adopted at the same time. abstract: During an infectious disease outbreak, biases in the data and complexities of the underlying dynamics pose significant challenges in mathematically modelling the outbreak and designing policy. Motivated by the ongoing response to COVID-19, we provide a toolkit of statistical and mathematical models beyond the simple SIR-type differential equation models for analysing the early stages of an outbreak and assessing interventions. In particular, we focus on parameter estimation in the presence of known biases in the data, and the effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions in enclosed subpopulations, such as households and care homes. We illustrate these methods by applying them to the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idm.2020.06.008 doi: 10.1016/j.idm.2020.06.008 id: cord-297470-lx3xwg92 author: Pan, Yunbao title: Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin antibodies in Wuhan, China: part of the city-wide massive testing campaign date: 2020-10-07 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: OBJECTIVES: The outbreak of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in Wuhan, China, has subsided after a hard hit by the disease and subsequent city lockdown. Information on the number of people involved in Wuhan is still inadequate. This study aimed to describe the screening results of 61,437 community members in Wuchang District, Wuhan. METHODS: In mid-May 2020, Wuhan launched a population-scale city-wide SARS-CoV-2 testing campaign, which aimed to perform nucleic acid and viral antibody testing for citizens in Wuhan. Here we show the screening results of cluster sampled 61,437 residents in Wuchang District, Wuhan, China. RESULTS: A total of 1470 (2.39%, 95% CI: 2.27-2.52) individuals were detected positive for at least one antiviral antibody. Among the positive individuals, 324 (0.53%, 95% CI: 0.47-0.59) and 1200 (1.95%, 95% CI: 1.85-2.07) were positive for immunoglobulin IgM and IgG, respectively, and 54 (0.08%, 95% CI: 0.07-0.12) were positive for both antibodies. The positive rate of female carriers of antibodies were higher than those of male counterparts (male-to-female ratio of 0.75), especially in elderly citizens (ratio of 0.18 in 90+ age subgroup), indicating a sexual discrepancy in seroprevalence. In addition, viral nucleic acid detection using real-time PCR had showed 8 (0.013%, 95% CI: 0.006-0.026) asymptomatic virus carriers. CONCLUSIONS: The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan was low. Most of Wuhan residents are still susceptible to this virus. Precautions, such as wearing mask, frequent hand hygiene, and proper social distance, are necessary before an effective vaccine or antiviral treatments are available. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33035672/ doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.09.044 id: cord-312399-7oaerpee author: Park, Joo-Hyun title: The Clinical Manifestations and Chest Computed Tomography Findings of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients in China: A Proportion Meta-Analysis date: 2020-05-01 words: 4653.0 sentences: 222.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312399-7oaerpee.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312399-7oaerpee.txt summary: title: The Clinical Manifestations and Chest Computed Tomography Findings of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients in China: A Proportion Meta-Analysis OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to identify the clinical features and chest computed tomography (CT) findings of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and to compare the characteristics of patients diagnosed in Wuhan and in other areas of China by integrating the findings reported in previous studies. All type of reports in the English language that contained the descriptions of clinical features and CT findings except for the review articles were included in a data-set for detailed review, and two reviewers included only studies with data on four or more patients (case-series, cohort, or observational study) into the data-set to provide a higher level of evidence Fever was found to be the most common clinical manifestation in all coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to identify the clinical features and chest computed tomography (CT) findings of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and to compare the characteristics of patients diagnosed in Wuhan and in other areas of China by integrating the findings reported in previous studies. METHODS: We conducted a proportion meta-analysis to integrate the results of previous studies identified in online databases, and subsequently compared the overlapping of 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between locations of diagnosis. The heterogeneity of the results of the included studies was also demonstrated. RESULTS: Nine studies with level IV evidence were considered to be eligible for the meta-analysis, and a comparative analysis was only possible between patients diagnosed in Wuhan and outside of Wuhan in China. Fever (84.8%; 95% CI, 78.5% to 90.1%) was identified as the most common clinical manifestation in all COVID-19 patients, and signs of respiratory infection were also frequently present in these patients. When comparing the clinical features according to the location of diagnosis, fever and dyspnea were less frequent in patients diagnosed outside of Wuhan (fever: 78.1%; 95% CI, 73.2% to 82.7%; dyspnea: 3.80%; 95% CI, 0.13% to 12.22%) than in patients diagnosed in Wuhan (fever: 91.7%; 95% CI, 88.0% to 94.8%; dyspnea: 21.1%; 95% CI, 13.2% to 30.3%). The chest CT findings exhibited no significant differences between the groups. CONCLUSION: Fever was found to be the most common symptom in COVID-19, and respiratory infection signs were also commonly present. Fever and dyspnea were less frequently observed in the patients diagnosed outside of Wuhan, which should be considered in COVID-19 screening programs. These results may be attributable to the earlier diagnosis of the disease and the younger age of patients outside of Wuhan although further analysis is needed. The role of chest CT in COVID-19 diagnosis is inconclusive based on this study. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32434310/ doi: 10.21053/ceo.2020.00570 id: cord-280970-gy0kfhy6 author: Peng, Fujun title: Management and Treatment of COVID-19: The Chinese Experience date: 2020-04-17 words: 2618.0 sentences: 188.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280970-gy0kfhy6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280970-gy0kfhy6.txt summary: Since mid-December 2019, there has been a worldwide outbreak of COronaVIrus Disease 90 (COVID)-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 (formerly 2019-nCoV or and first detected in 91 Wuhan, China. 52 However, 421 a single-center in Wuhan shared that early, low-dose and short-term (1-2mg/kg/d for 5-7 days) 422 corticosteroids was associated with a faster improvement of clinical symptoms and absorption of 423 focal lung lesions in severe cases of COVID-19. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series Early, low-dose and short-term application of corticosteroid treatment in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia: single-center experience from Wuhan, China. abstract: With over 1,800,000 cases and 110,000 deaths globally, COVID-19 is one of worst infectious disease outbreaks in history. The objective of this paper is to critically review the available evidence regarding the lessons learned from the Chinese experience regarding COVID-19 prevention and management. The steps that have led to a near disappearance of new cases in China included rapid sequencing of the virus to establish testing kits which allowed tracking of infected persons in and out of Wuhan. In addition, aggressive quarantine measures included the complete isolation of Wuhan and then later Hebei and the rest of the country, as well as closure of all schools and non-essential businesses. Other measures included the rapid construction of two new hospitals and the establishment of Fangcang shelter hospitals. In the absence of a vaccine, the management of COVID-19 included antivirals, high flow oxygen, mechanical ventilation, corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab, interferons, intravenous immunoglobulin and convalescent plasma infusions. These measures appeared to provide only moderate success. While some measures have been supported by weak descriptive data, their effectiveness is still unclear pending well-controlled clinical trials. In the end, it was the enforcement of drastic quarantine measures that stopped SARS-CoV-2 from spreading. The earlier the implementation, the less likely resources will be depleted. The most critical factors in stopping a pandemic are early recognition of infected individuals, carriers and contacts, and early implementation of quarantine measures with an organized, proactive and unified strategy at a national level. Delays result in significantly higher death tolls. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2020.04.010 doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.04.010 id: cord-327096-m87tapjp author: Peng, Liangrong title: Epidemic analysis of COVID-19 in China by dynamical modeling date: 2020-02-18 words: 4341.0 sentences: 279.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327096-m87tapjp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327096-m87tapjp.txt summary: As shown in Fig. 3e-f , the predicted total infected cases at the end of epidemic, as well as the the inflection point, at which the basic reproduction number is less than 1 6 , both show a positive correlation with the infection rate β and the quarantined time δ −1 and a negative correlation with the protection rate α. 16.20023465 doi: medRxiv preprint of COVID-19 since its onset in Mainland * , Hubei * , and Wuhan (Beijing and Shanghai are not considered due to their too small numbers of infected cases on Jan. 20th). Based on detailed analysis of the public data of NHC of China from Jan. 20th to Feb. 9th, we estimate several key parameters for COVID-19, like the latent time, the quarantine time and the basic reproduction number in a relatively reliable way, and predict the inflection point, possible ending time and final total infected cases for Hubei, Wuhan, Beijing, Shanghai, etc. abstract: The outbreak of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) epidemic has attracted world- wide attention. Herein, we propose a mathematical model to analyzes this epidemic, based on a dynamic mechanism that incorporating the intrinsic impact of hidden la- tent and infectious cases on the entire process of transmission. Meanwhile, this model is validated by data correlation analysis, predicting the recent public data, and back- tracking, as well as sensitivity analysis. The dynamical model reveals the impact of various measures on the key parameters of the epidemic. According to the public data of NHCs from 01/20 to 02/09, we predict the epidemic peak and possible end time for 5 different regions. The epidemic in Beijing and Shanghai, Mainland/Hubei and Hubei/Wuhan, are expected to end before the end of February, and before mid- March respectively. The model indicates that, the outbreak in Wuhan is predicted to be ended in the early April. As a result, more effective policies and more efforts on clinical research are demanded. Moreover, through the backtracking simulation, we infer that the outbreak of the epidemic in Mainland/Hubei, Hubei/Wuhan, and Wuhan can be dated back to the end of December 2019 or the beginning of January 2020. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.16.20023465 doi: 10.1101/2020.02.16.20023465 id: cord-337324-jxtch47t author: Qian, Guo-Qing title: Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics of 91 Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Zhejiang, China: A retrospective, multi-centre case series date: 2020-02-25 words: 3331.0 sentences: 207.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337324-jxtch47t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337324-jxtch47t.txt summary: title: Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics of 91 Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Zhejiang, China: A retrospective, multi-centre case series 8 Three further cases were reported in Ningbo cohort as clinical-diagnosed COVID-19 pneumonia because of their epidemiological history, signs, symptoms and chest CT evidence according to National Health Commission of the People''s Republic of China guidance, though they tested negative for the SARS-CoV-2. This report, to our knowledge, is the largest case study to date of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Zhejiang province, which is outwith of Wuhan and Hubei. Our study provided three cases as clinical-confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia because of their epidemiological history, signs, symptoms and chest CT evidence according to guidance, though they tested negative for the SARS-CoV-2. Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series abstract: Background Recent studies have focused initial clinical and Epidemiologic characteristics on the COVID-19, mainly revealing situation in Wuhan, Hubei. Aim To reveal more data on the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients outside of Wuhan, in Zhejiang, China. Design Retrospective case series. Methods 88 cases of laboratory-confirmed and 3 cases of clinical-confirmed COVID-19 were admitted to five hospitals in Zhejiang province, China. Data were collected from 20 January 2020 to 11 February 2020. Results Of all 91 patients, 88 (96.70%) were laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 with throat swab samples that tested positive for SARS-Cov-2 while 3 (3.30%) were clinical-diagnosed COVID-19 cases. The median age of the patients was 50 (36.5-57) years, and female accounted for 59.34%. In this sample 40 (43.96%) patients had contracted the diseases from local cases, 31 (34.07%) patients had been to Wuhan/Hubei, 8 (8.79%) cases had contacted with people from Wuhan, 11 (12.09%) cases were confirmed aircraft transmission. In particular within the city of Ningbo, 60.52% cases can be traced back to an event held in a temple. The most common symptoms were fever (71.43%), cough (60.44%) and fatigue (43.96%). The median of incubation period was 6 (IQR, 3-8) days and the median time from first visit to a doctor to confirmed diagnosis was 1 (1-2) days. According to the Chest computed tomography scans, 67.03% cases had bilateral pneumonia. Conclusions Social activity cluster, family cluster and travel by airplane were how COVID-19 patients get transmitted and could be rapidly diagnosed COVID-19 in Zhejiang. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.23.20026856 doi: 10.1101/2020.02.23.20026856 id: cord-293831-28ddm9um author: Qian, Mengcen title: Psychological responses, behavioral changes and public perceptions during the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in China: a population based cross-sectional survey date: 2020-02-20 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Objective: To investigate psychological and behavioral responses to the threat of SARS-CoV-2 infections and their associations with public perceptions in China Design: Cross sectional population-based telephone survey via random digital dialing between 1 and 10 February, 2020 Setting: Wuhan (the epicentre and quarantined city), and Shanghai (a typical major city with close transportation link with Wuhan) Participants: Random sample of 510 residents in Wuhan and 501 residents in Shanghai aged above 18 Main outcome measures: Anxiety (measured by the 7-item generalized anxiety disorder [GAD-7] scale), recommended and avoidance behaviors (engaged in all six behaviors such as increasing surface cleaning and reducing going out). Results: The prevalence rates of moderate or severe anxiety (score ≥10 on GAD-7) were 32.7% (n=167) among Wuhan participants and 20.4% (n=102) among Shanghai participants. 78.6% (n=401) of Wuhan participants and 63.9% (n=320) of Shanghai participants had carried out all six precautionary behaviors. For both measures, Wuhan participants were more responsive to the outbreak (p<0.001). Controlling for personal characteristics, logistic regression results suggested that risks of moderate or severe anxiety were positively associated with perceived susceptibility (odds ratio 1.6, 95% confidence interval 1.3-1.8) and severity of the disease (1.6, 1.4-1.9) and confusion about information reliability (1.6, 1.5-1.9). Having confidence in taking measures to protect oneself against the disease was associated with a lower risk (0.6, 0.5-0.7). The strongest predictor of behavioral change was perceived severity (1.2, 1.1-1.4), followed by confusion about information reliability (1.1, 1.0-1.3). Conclusions: Psychological and behavioral responses to COVID-19 have been dramatic during the rising phase of the outbreak. Our results support efforts for timely dissemination of accurate and reliable information to address the high anxiety level. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.18.20024448 doi: 10.1101/2020.02.18.20024448 id: cord-255905-ti9b1etu author: Qiu, Chengfeng title: Transmission and clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in 104 outside-Wuhan patients, China date: 2020-03-06 words: 3768.0 sentences: 273.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255905-ti9b1etu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255905-ti9b1etu.txt summary: This report included the hospitalized patients with COVID-19 to assess the transmission and clinical characteristic of two hospitals, which designated as the treatment center for the NCP in Huaihua and Shaoyang cities, Hunan Province, China. In this study, we recruited confirmed patients with COVID-19 from two hospitals, the First People''s Hospital of Huaihua and the Central Hospital of Shaoyang which designated as the treatment center of Huaihua and Shaoyang city, Huanan Province, China from Jan 22, 2020 to Feb 12, 2020 . In cluster 17, C''3 (not included in this study population) returned Shaoyang city from Wuhan on Jan19, 2020, three relatives of C''3 were identified as COVID-19 infection after several days of closely contacted with C''3. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.04.20026005 doi: medRxiv preprint a notable feature is clustering occurrence, most patients were infected from their family members, relatives or friends through a close contact. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China abstract: Background: Cases with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emigrated from Wuhan escalated the risk of spreading in other cities. This report focused on the outside-Wuhan patients to assess the transmission and clinical characteristics of this illness. Methods: Contact investigation was conducted on each patient who admitted to the assigned hospitals in Hunan Province (geographically adjacent to Wuhan) from Jan 22, 2020 to Feb 12, 2020. Demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological characteristics, medication therapy and outcomes were collected and analyzed. Patients were confirmed by PCR test. Results: Of the 104 patients, 48 (46.15%) were imported cases and 56 (53.85%) were indigenous cases; 93 (89.42%) had a definite contact history with infections. Family clusters were the major body of patients. Transmission along the chain of 3 &ldquo:generations” was observed. Mean age was 43 (rang, 8-84) years (including 3 children) and 49 (47.12%) were male. Most patients had typical symptoms, 5 asymptomatic infections were found and 2 of them infected their relatives. The median incubation period was 6 (rang, 1-32) days, of 8 patients ranged from 18 to 32 days. Just 9 of 16 severe patients required ICU care. Until Feb 12, 2020, 40 (38.46%) discharged and 1 (0.96%) died. For the antiviral treatment, 80 (76.92%) patients received traditional Chinese medicine therapy. Conclusions: Family but not community transmission occupied the main body of infections in the two centers. Asymptomatic transmission demonstrated here warned us that it may bring more risk to the spread of COVID-19. The incubation period of 8 patients exceeded 14 days. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.04.20026005 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.04.20026005 id: cord-354095-4sweo53l author: Qiu, Yun title: Impacts of social and economic factors on the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China date: 2020-05-09 words: 12457.0 sentences: 619.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354095-4sweo53l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354095-4sweo53l.txt summary: First, our instrumental variable approach helps isolate the causal effect of virus transmissions from other confounded factors; second, our estimate is based on an extended time period of the COVID-19 pandemic (until the end of February 2020) that may mitigate potential biases in the literature that relies on a shorter sampling period within 1-28 January 2020; third, our modeling makes minimum assumptions of virus transmissions, such as imposing fewer restrictions on the relationship between the unobserved determinants of new cases and the number of cases in the past; fourth, our model simultaneously considers comprehensive factors that may affect virus transmissions, including multiple policy instruments (such as closed management of communities and shelter-at-home order), population flow, within-and between-city transmissions, economic and demographic conditions, weather patterns, and preparedness of health care system. abstract: This study models local and cross-city transmissions of the novel coronavirus in China between January 19 and February 29, 2020. We examine the role of various socioeconomic mediating factors, including public health measures that encourage social distancing in local communities. Weather characteristics 2 weeks prior are used as instrumental variables for causal inference. Stringent quarantines, city lockdowns, and local public health measures imposed in late January significantly decreased the virus transmission rate. The virus spread was contained by the middle of February. Population outflow from the outbreak source region posed a higher risk to the destination regions than other factors, including geographic proximity and similarity in economic conditions. We quantify the effects of different public health measures in reducing the number of infections through counterfactual analyses. Over 1.4 million infections and 56,000 deaths may have been avoided as a result of the national and provincial public health measures imposed in late January in China. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-020-00778-2 doi: 10.1007/s00148-020-00778-2 id: cord-314591-ylokznn5 author: Quilty, Billy J. title: The effect of travel restrictions on the geographical spread of COVID-19 between large cities in China: a modelling study date: 2020-08-19 words: 5261.0 sentences: 265.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314591-ylokznn5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314591-ylokznn5.txt summary: Due to the volume of outbound travel from Wuhan in scenario 1, we estimate that sustained local transmission was likely to have already occurred in the four cities in early January, several weeks prior to the introduction of the cordon sanitaire (Table 2) . No substantial difference was observed in the daily incidence in the scenarios with and without travel restrictions in the four cities after the cordon sanitaire was imposed on 23 January; there were enough infected people to sustain local transmission in the absence of imported infections ( Fig. 3 and Additional file 1: Figure S4 ). By utilising publicly available mobility data to model the spread of the outbreak from Wuhan to other large population centres in China, we find that infected travellers from Wuhan likely led to local transmission in other major Chinese cities weeks before the cordon sanitaire. abstract: BACKGROUND: To contain the spread of COVID-19, a cordon sanitaire was put in place in Wuhan prior to the Lunar New Year, on 23 January 2020. We assess the efficacy of the cordon sanitaire to delay the introduction and onset of local transmission of COVID-19 in other major cities in mainland China. METHODS: We estimated the number of infected travellers from Wuhan to other major cities in mainland China from November 2019 to February 2020 using previously estimated COVID-19 prevalence in Wuhan and publicly available mobility data. We focused on Beijing, Chongqing, Hangzhou, and Shenzhen as four representative major cities to identify the potential independent contribution of the cordon sanitaire and holiday travel. To do this, we simulated outbreaks generated by infected arrivals in these destination cities using stochastic branching processes. We also modelled the effect of the cordon sanitaire in combination with reduced transmissibility scenarios to simulate the effect of local non-pharmaceutical interventions. RESULTS: We find that in the four cities, given the potentially high prevalence of COVID-19 in Wuhan between December 2019 and early January 2020, local transmission may have been seeded as early as 1–8 January 2020. By the time the cordon sanitaire was imposed, infections were likely in the thousands. The cordon sanitaire alone did not substantially affect the epidemic progression in these cities, although it may have had some effect in smaller cities. Reduced transmissibility resulted in a notable decrease in the incidence of infection in the four studied cities. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that sustained transmission was likely occurring several weeks prior to the implementation of the cordon sanitaire in four major cities of mainland China and that the observed decrease in incidence was likely attributable to other non-pharmaceutical, transmission-reducing interventions. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01712-9 doi: 10.1186/s12916-020-01712-9 id: cord-351567-ifoe8x28 author: Rabi, Firas A. title: SARS-CoV-2 and Coronavirus Disease 2019: What We Know So Far date: 2020-03-20 words: 5745.0 sentences: 315.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351567-ifoe8x28.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351567-ifoe8x28.txt summary: However, by that time, travelers had carried the virus to many countries, sparking memories of the previous coronavirus epidemics, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and causing widespread media attention and panic. To assess the magnitude of the risk posed by the SARS-CoV-2, we review four parameters that we believe important: the transmission rate, the incubation period, the case fatality rate (CFR), and the determination of whether asymptomatic transmission can occur. A small study of 17 patients showed that nasal viral load peaks within days of symptom onset, suggesting that transmission of disease is more likely to occur early in the course of infection [40] . Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A descriptive study The Epidemiological Characteristics of an Outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19)-China 2020 Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia abstract: In December 2019, a cluster of fatal pneumonia cases presented in Wuhan, China. They were caused by a previously unknown coronavirus. All patients had been associated with the Wuhan Wholefood market, where seafood and live animals are sold. The virus spread rapidly and public health authorities in China initiated a containment effort. However, by that time, travelers had carried the virus to many countries, sparking memories of the previous coronavirus epidemics, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and causing widespread media attention and panic. Based on clinical criteria and available serological and molecular information, the new disease was called coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), and the novel coronavirus was called SARS Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), emphasizing its close relationship to the 2002 SARS virus (SARS-CoV). The scientific community raced to uncover the origin of the virus, understand the pathogenesis of the disease, develop treatment options, define the risk factors, and work on vaccine development. Here we present a summary of current knowledge regarding the novel coronavirus and the disease it causes. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9030231 doi: 10.3390/pathogens9030231 id: cord-257556-lmws8eed author: Rafiq, Danish title: Three months of COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis date: 2020-05-18 words: 3195.0 sentences: 223.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257556-lmws8eed.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257556-lmws8eed.txt summary: 2 While several other human coronaviruses such as HCoV-NL63, HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-HKU1 cause mild respiratory disease, others like the zoonotic Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and SARS-CoV tend to have a higher fatality rate 6 (summarized in Table 1 ). Typical of respiratory viruses like influenza virus, SARS-CoV-2019 can spread through large droplets (with a transmission risk restricted tõ 6 ft from the patient). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19): the epidemic and the challenges Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series Estimating the Unreported Number of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Cases in China in the First Half of January 2020: a data-driven Modelling analysis of the early outbreak Preliminary estimation of the basic reproduction number of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China, from 2019 to 2020: a data driven analysis in the early phase of the outbreak abstract: The pandemic of 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2019), reminiscent of the 2002‐SARS‐CoV outbreak, has completely isolated countries, disrupted health systems and partially paralyzed international trade and travel. In order to be better equipped to anticipate transmission of this virus to new regions, it is imperative to track the progress of the virus over time. This review analyses information on progression of the pandemic in the past 3 months and systematically discusses the characteristics of SARS‐CoV‐2019 virus including its epidemiologic, pathophysiologic, and clinical manifestations. Furthermore, the review also encompasses some recently proposed conceptual models that estimate the spread of this disease based on the basic reproductive number for better prevention and control procedures. Finally, we shed light on how the virus has endangered the global economy, impacting it both from the supply and demand side. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32420674/ doi: 10.1002/rmv.2113 id: cord-287515-oe7adj91 author: Rello, Jordi title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A critical care perspective beyond China date: 2020-03-03 words: 1381.0 sentences: 76.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287515-oe7adj91.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287515-oe7adj91.txt summary: Prior experience with viral pneumonia, including influenza and MERS-coronavirus, suggest that steroids can contribute to higher mortality, increase viral replication with longer periods of viral clearance and more superinfections (including invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, as already reported in the Wuhan cohort) [5, 6] . Another difference is that most COVID-19 infected patients were diagnosed with viral pneumonia, whereas acute exacerbations of COPD or bronchospasm or myocarditis were more common in influenza. Use of noninvasive ventilation is controversial, showing limited efficacy in MERS and is associated with very high levels of aerosol spread, exposing staff at much greater risk of infection [11, 12] . Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a singlecentered, retrospective, observational study High-flow nasal therapy in adults with severe acute respiratory infection: a cohort study in patients with 2009 influenza A/H1N1 v abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32142972/ doi: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.03.001 id: cord-259368-k8t8brjy author: Ren, Xiang title: Evidence for pre‐symptomatic transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in China date: 2020-08-07 words: 3163.0 sentences: 156.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259368-k8t8brjy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259368-k8t8brjy.txt summary: A novel coronavirus named "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2" (SARS-CoV-2) was first identified in January 2020 as the pathogen responsible for a cluster of cases of atypical pneumonia in Wuhan, a large city located in Hubei province in central China. 13 Here, we retrospectively analyse data on cases identified outside of Hubei province through the Chinese Public Health Event Surveillance System at the early stage of transmission in China, in order to provide insights on the transmission dynamics of COVID-19. In these pairs of primary and secondary cases, we fitted a normal distribution to the serial intervals between illness onset dates, allowing for negative and zero serial intervals, and correcting for growth rates in the early stage of an epidemic. [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] Pre-symptomatic infectiousness is generally not thought to occur for most respiratory viruses, but measles is a well-known example of a respiratory infection that can be spread before symptom onset, 27 and viral shedding during the incubation period has also been reported for influenza. abstract: BACKGROUND: Between mid‐January and early February, provinces of mainland China outside the epicentre in Hubei province were on high alert for importations and transmission of COVID‐19. Many properties of COVID‐19 infection and transmission were still not yet established. METHODS: We collated and analysed data on 449 of the earliest COVID‐19 cases detected outside Hubei province to make inferences about transmission dynamics and severity of infection. We analysed 64 clusters to make inferences on serial interval and potential role of pre‐symptomatic transmission. RESULTS: We estimated an epidemic doubling time of 5.3 days (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.3, 6.7) and a median incubation period of 4.6 days (95% CI: 4.0, 5.2). We estimated a serial interval distribution with mean 5.7 days (95% CI: 4.7, 6.8) and standard deviation 3.5 days, and effective reproductive number was 1.98 (95% CI: 1.68, 2.35). We estimated that 32/80 (40%) of transmission events were likely to have occurred prior to symptoms onset in primary cases. Secondary cases in clusters had less severe illness on average than cluster primary cases. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of transmissions are occurring around illness onset in an infected person, and pre‐symptomatic transmission does play a role. Detection of milder infections among the secondary cases may be more reflective of true disease severity. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.12787 doi: 10.1111/irv.12787 id: cord-333262-xvfl7ycj author: Robson, B. title: COVID-19 Coronavirus spike protein analysis for synthetic vaccines, a peptidomimetic antagonist, and therapeutic drugs, and analysis of a proposed achilles’ heel conserved region to minimize probability of escape mutations and drug resistance date: 2020-04-11 words: 21671.0 sentences: 953.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333262-xvfl7ycj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333262-xvfl7ycj.txt summary: The Wuhan and related isolates revealed a coronavirus that resides in the subgenus Sarbecovirus of the genus Betacoronavirus [2] , and although genetically distinct from its predecessor SARS-CoV it appeared to have similar external binding proteins, meaning here the spike glycoprotein discussed extensively in the present paper. In brief summary, the justifications for the ensemble pharmacophore in the coronavirus case, i.e. the contributions to "fuzziness", include parsimony, that proteins and parts of proteins sometimes have more than one function [12] encouraged by limited numbers of accessible sites (due to e.g. glycosylation) and exemplified by parallel alternative mechanisms of cell entry, multiple methods of drug action, escape from scientific defense measures by virus mutation, polymorphism of human proteins involved, different expression levels of human proteins involved, and the potential problem of the "specter of vaccine development" (concerns about missing the appropriate region of the virus that allows common cold viruses to escape the appropriate immune response). abstract: Abstract This paper continues a recent study of the spike protein sequence of the COVID-19 virus (SARS-CoV-2). It is also in part an introductory review to relevant computational techniques for tackling viral threats, using COVID-19 as an example. Q-UEL tools for facilitating access to knowledge and bioinformatics tools were again used for efficiency, but the focus in this paper is even more on the virus. Subsequence KRSFIEDLLFNKV of the S2′ spike glycoprotein proteolytic cleavage site continues to appear important. Here it is shown to be recognizable in the common cold coronaviruses, avian coronaviruses and possibly as traces in the nidoviruses of reptiles and fish. Its function or functions thus seem important to the coronaviruses. It might represent SARS-CoV-2 Achilles’ Heel, less likely to acquire resistance by mutation, as has happened in some early SARS vaccine studies discussed in the previous paper. Preliminary conformational analysis of the receptor (ACE2) binding site of the spike protein is carried suggesting that while it is somewhat conserved, it appears to be more variable than KRSFIEDLLFNKV. However compounds like emodin that inhibit SARS entry, apparently by binding ACE2, might also have functions at several different human protein binding studies. The enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 is again argued to be a convenient model pharmacophore perhaps representing an ensemble of targets, and it is noted that it occurs both in lung and alimentary tract. Perhaps it benefits the virus to block an inflammatory response by inhibiting the dehydrogenase, but a fairly complex web involves several possible targets. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103749 doi: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103749 id: cord-254538-vcf44w1k author: Rocha Filho, C. R. title: PROGNOSTIC FACTORS FOR CLINICAL COURSE OF PATIENTS WITH COVID-19: PROTOCOL FOR A RAPID LIVING SYSTEMATIC REVIEW date: 2020-05-09 words: 2544.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254538-vcf44w1k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254538-vcf44w1k.txt summary: title: PROGNOSTIC FACTORS FOR CLINICAL COURSE OF PATIENTS WITH COVID-19: PROTOCOL FOR A RAPID LIVING SYSTEMATIC REVIEW We will perform the critical appraisal of included studies with the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool and the certainty of evidence will be evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Thus, the purpose of this rapid living systematic review is to identify the evidence about prognostic factors in patients with COVID-19, considering the following research questions: This rapid living review will systematically evaluate the best available evidence to identify the risk and protective factors of COVID-19, which we expect will help the front line on their decision making processes. We believe that the strengths of this rapid systematic review include the transparency, the strict methods, the evaluation of the quality of evidence, and the extensive and more sensitive searches. Assessing Bias in Studies of Prognostic Factors abstract: CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Determining prognostic factors in a context of health crises such as the COVID-19 scenario may provide the best possible care for patients and optimize the management and the resource utilization of the health system. Thus, we aim to systematically review the prognostic factors for different outcomes of patients with COVID-19. DESIGN AND SETTING: Protocol for a rapid living systematic review methodology following the recommendations proposed by the Cochrane Handbook. METHODS: We will include prospective and retrospective longitudinal cohorts. In view of the limited amount of information, we will also include case-control studies. We will search PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), LILACS, Scopus and SciELO to identify published, ongoing, and unpublished studies. No language restrictions will be applied. We will perform the critical appraisal of included studies with the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool and the certainty of evidence will be evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.06.20087692v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.06.20087692 id: cord-259229-e8m8m4ut author: Samidurai, Arun title: Cardiovascular Complications Associated with COVID-19 and Potential Therapeutic Strategies date: 2020-09-16 words: 10768.0 sentences: 530.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259229-e8m8m4ut.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259229-e8m8m4ut.txt summary: Emerging evidence reveals a direct interplay between COVID-19 and dire cardiovascular complications, including myocardial injury, heart failure, heart attack, myocarditis, arrhythmias as well as blood clots, which are accompanied with elevated risk and adverse outcome among infected patients, even sudden death. Respiratory illness and acute cardiac injury are major clinical manifestations observed in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the late stage complications of the disease [38] . Based on the available clinical data, potential myocardial injury is a relevant challenge among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 with increased risk of mortality; therefore, it is essential for multidisciplinary assessment, including blood pressure control in hypertensive patients as well as cardiovascular evaluation and therapy to reduce the morality for COVID-19 infection. Association of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors With Severity or Risk of Death in Patients with Hypertension Hospitalized for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection in Wuhan, China abstract: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious disease with severe acute respiratory syndrome, has now become a worldwide pandemic. Despite the respiratory complication, COVID-19 is also associated with significant multiple organ dysfunction, including severe cardiac impairment. Emerging evidence reveals a direct interplay between COVID-19 and dire cardiovascular complications, including myocardial injury, heart failure, heart attack, myocarditis, arrhythmias as well as blood clots, which are accompanied with elevated risk and adverse outcome among infected patients, even sudden death. The proposed pathophysiological mechanisms of myocardial impairment include invasion of SARS-CoV-2 virus via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 to cardiovascular cells/tissue, which leads to endothelial inflammation and dysfunction, de-stabilization of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques, stent thrombosis, cardiac stress due to diminish oxygen supply and cardiac muscle damage, and myocardial infarction. Several promising therapeutics are under investigation to the overall prognosis of COVID-19 patients with high risk of cardiovascular impairment, nevertheless to date, none have shown proven clinical efficacy. In this comprehensive review, we aimed to highlight the current integrated therapeutic approaches for COVID-19 and we summarized the potential therapeutic options, currently under clinical trials, with their mechanisms of action and associated adverse cardiac events in highly infectious COVID-19 patients. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186790 doi: 10.3390/ijms21186790 id: cord-306690-s5mxes4r author: Shangguan, Ziheng title: What Caused the Outbreak of COVID-19 in China: From the Perspective of Crisis Management date: 2020-05-08 words: 8704.0 sentences: 408.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306690-s5mxes4r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306690-s5mxes4r.txt summary: Since the first known case of a COVID-19 infected patient in Wuhan, China on 8 December 2019, COVID-19 has spread to more than 200 countries, causing a worldwide public health crisis. This article attempts to fill this research gap through analysis of big data, officially released information and other social media sources to understand the root cause of the crisis as it relates to China''s current management system and public health policy. Since the first known case of a COVID-19 infected patient in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China on 8 December 2019 [1] , COVID-19 has spread to more than 200 countries and infected over three million people worldwide (as of 28 April 2020), causing a worldwide public health crisis. This article attempts to fill this research gap through analysis of big data, officially released information and other social media sources to understand the root cause of the crisis from the aspects of China''s current management system and public health policy. abstract: Since the first known case of a COVID-19 infected patient in Wuhan, China on 8 December 2019, COVID-19 has spread to more than 200 countries, causing a worldwide public health crisis. The existing literature fails to examine what caused this sudden outbreak from a crisis management perspective. This article attempts to fill this research gap through analysis of big data, officially released information and other social media sources to understand the root cause of the crisis as it relates to China’s current management system and public health policy. The article draws the following conclusions: firstly, strict government control over information was the main reason for the early silencing of media announcements, which directly caused most people to be unprepared and unaware of COVID-19. Secondly, a choice between addressing a virus with an unknown magnitude and nature, and mitigating known public panic during a politically and culturally sensitive time, lead to falsehood and concealment. Thirdly, the weak autonomous management power of local public health management departments is not conducive for providing a timely response to the crisis. Finally, the privatization of many state-owned hospitals led to the unavailability of public health medical resources to serve affected patients in the Wuhan and Hubei Province. This article suggests that China should adopt a Singaporean-style public health crisis information management system to ensure information disclosure and information symmetry and should use it to monitor public health crises in real time. In addition, the central government should adopt the territorial administration model of a public health crisis and increase investment in public health in China. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32397199/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17093279 id: cord-349276-viq01q8l author: Shaw, Rajib title: Governance, technology and citizen behavior in pandemic: Lessons from COVID-19 in East Asia date: 2020-04-30 words: 9217.0 sentences: 412.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349276-viq01q8l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349276-viq01q8l.txt summary: The above description shows that within two months (from 13th of January, when first case was reported in Thailand, outside China to 13th of March, when USA declared emergency), the virus has taken a significant number of lives, affected a large number of people, and brought down many countries, including the economic hubs under lockdown. (1) The occurrence of first confirmed case and subsequent successful initial management: From the beginning of the COVID-19 situation, the Korean government, centered around the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC), has shared information with related organizations and established an effective response system. On top of that, as the government-wide response became more vital due to the rapid increase in the number of confirmed cases, MoIS took charge of the monitoring and management of people self-isolating, finding and surveying those who had visited the Wuhan region and may be contagious, locating and securing temporary living facilities and lifetime treatment centers through Countermeasures Support Headquarters (CSHQs). abstract: Abstract Corona Virus (CODID-19) was first reported in Wuhan in December 2019, then spread in different parts of China, and gradually became a global pandemic in March 2020. While the death toll is still increasing, the epicenter of casualty has shifted from Asia to Europe, and that of the affected people has shifted to USA. This paper analyzes the responses in East Asian countries, in China, Japan and South Korea, and provides some commonalities and lessons. While countries have different governance mechanism, it was found that a few governance decisions in respective countries made a difference, along with strong community solidarity and community behavior. Extensive use of emerging technologies is made along with medical/health care treatment to make the response more effective and reduce the risk of the spread of the disease. Although the pandemic was a global one, its responses were local, depending on the local governance, socio-economic and cultural context. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2590061720300272 doi: 10.1016/j.pdisas.2020.100090 id: cord-338231-uni4aqxo author: Shi, Puyu title: Clinical characteristics of imported and second-generation coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Shaanxi outside Wuhan, China: a multicentre retrospective study date: 2020-09-30 words: 4306.0 sentences: 230.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338231-uni4aqxo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338231-uni4aqxo.txt summary: title: Clinical characteristics of imported and second-generation coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Shaanxi outside Wuhan, China: a multicentre retrospective study In this study, we focused on Shaanxi province as a region with imported and second-generation cases and described the clinical and laboratory characteristics of 134 COVID-19 cases in this province with a hope to provide some insight into the prevention and treatment of the disease in China and elsewhere. This retrospective study included 134 confirmed cases of COVID-19 admitted and treated in 10 designated hospitals across nine cities (Xi''an, Ankang, Baoji, Hanzhong, Weinan, Xianyang, Shangluo, Yan''an and Tongchuan) in Shaanxi province from 23 January 2020 to 7 March 2020 (Supplementary Table S1 ). Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China abstract: The mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) differs between countries and regions. This study aimed to clarify the clinical characteristics of imported and second-generation cases in Shaanxi. This study included 134 COVID-19 cases in Shaanxi outside Wuhan. Clinical data were compared between severe and non-severe cases. We further profiled the dynamic laboratory findings of some patients. In total, 34.3% of the 134 patients were severe cases, 11.2% had complications. As of 7 March 2020, 91.8% patients were discharged and one patient (0.7%) died. Age, lymphocyte count, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, direct bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase and hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase showed difference between severe and no-severe cases (all P < 0.05). Baseline lymphocyte count was higher in survived patients than in non-survivor case, and it increased as the condition improved, but declined sharply when death occurred. The interleukin-6 (IL-6) level displayed a downtrend in survivors, but rose very high in the death case. Pulmonary fibrosis was found on later chest computed tomography images in 51.5% of the pneumonia cases. Imported and second-generation cases outside Wuhan had a better prognosis than initial cases in Wuhan. Lymphocyte count and IL-6 level could be used for evaluating prognosis. Pulmonary fibrosis as the sequelae of COVID-19 should be taken into account. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32993821/ doi: 10.1017/s0950268820002332 id: cord-292144-jprbp1ua author: Song, Haitao title: Using traveller-derived cases in Henan Province to quantify the spread of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-08-04 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Wuhan shutdown was implemented on January 23 and the first level response to public health emergencies (FLRPHE) was launched over the country, and then China got the outbreak of COVID-19 under control. A mathematical model is established to study the transmission of COVID-19 in Wuhan. This research investigates the spread of COVID-19 in Wuhan and assesses the effectiveness of control measures including the Wuhan city travel ban and FLRPHE. Based on the dynamical analysis and data fitting, the transmission of COVID-19 in Wuhan is estimated and the effects of control measures including Wuhan city travel ban and FLRPHE are investigated. According to the assumptions, the basic reproduction number for COVID-19 estimated that for Wuhan equal to 7.53 and there are [Formula: see text] infectious people in Wuhan as of January 23. The interventions including the Wuhan city travel ban and FLRPHE reduce the size of peak and the cumulative number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Wuhan by 99%. The extraordinary efforts implemented by China effectively contain the transmission of COVID-19 and protect public health in China. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-020-05859-1 doi: 10.1007/s11071-020-05859-1 id: cord-344688-uu3b529c author: Song, Xue-Jun title: Pain Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic in China: Lessons Learned date: 2020-04-22 words: 2377.0 sentences: 106.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344688-uu3b529c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344688-uu3b529c.txt summary: In the initial stages of the pandemic spanning late January to early February, medical systems in Wuhan faced overwhelming shortages of health care workers and key medical resources including medical-grade personal protective equipment, as well as limited space in hospitals for managing the surge of patients with COVID-19. With the help of public health systems, we were able to keep most patients home and provide them with necessary medical services including telemedicine support. Telemedicine became a convenient and effective way to provide necessary medical services to patients with chronic pain during the initial periods of the epidemic, as it allowed patients with nonemergent conditions to remain at home and allowed hospitalized patients who had been discharged early to maintain continuity of care. The epidemic provided many medical professionals an opportunity to incorporate telemedicine into pain management for the first time due to the urgent need for remote health care services. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnaa143 doi: 10.1093/pm/pnaa143 id: cord-283048-hyjzofps author: Steele, Edward J. title: Origin of new emergent Coronavirus and Candida fungal diseases—Terrestrial or cosmic? date: 2020-07-14 words: 7531.0 sentences: 360.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283048-hyjzofps.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283048-hyjzofps.txt summary: The origins and global spread of two recent, yet quite different, pandemic diseases is discussed and reviewed in depth: Candida auris, a eukaryotic fungal disease, and COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2), a positive strand RNA viral respiratory disease. 5-7, particularly the symmetrical pattern in Fig. 7 it actually looks like a huge viral bomb explosion took place near or over Wuhan and then the radial fall-out of the disease causing viral particles to land on the millions of people either laterally or from above-some of those infected would be susceptible and who then have succumbed to the respiratory illness (in Appendix A, in relation to the expected fall of viruses through the stratosphere is an analysis by way of quantitative analogy, of the expectation of radioactive fall-out patterns from an atmospheric nuclear test in 1958). abstract: The origins and global spread of two recent, yet quite different, pandemic diseases is discussed and reviewed in depth: Candida auris, a eukaryotic fungal disease, and COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2), a positive strand RNA viral respiratory disease. Both these diseases display highly distinctive patterns of sudden emergence and global spread, which are not easy to understand by conventional epidemiological analysis based on simple infection-driven human- to-human spread of an infectious disease (assumed to jump suddenly and thus genetically, from an animal reservoir). Both these enigmatic diseases make sense however under a Panspermia in-fall model and the evidence consistent with such a model is critically reviewed. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0065266020300110 doi: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2020.04.002 id: cord-259149-svryhcgy author: Su, Yue title: Examining the Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown in Wuhan and Lombardy: A Psycholinguistic Analysis on Weibo and Twitter date: 2020-06-24 words: 4770.0 sentences: 278.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259149-svryhcgy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259149-svryhcgy.txt summary: We achieved the aim by (1) sampling Weibo users (geo-location = Wuhan, China) and Twitter users (geo-location = Lombardy, Italy); (2) fetching all the users'' published posts two weeks before and after the lockdown in each region (e.g., the lockdown date of Wuhan was 23 January 2020); (3) extracting the psycholinguistic features of these posts using the Simplified Chinese and Italian version of Language Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) dictionary; and (4) conducting Wilcoxon tests to examine the changes in the psycholinguistic characteristics of the posts before and after the lockdown in Wuhan and Lombardy, respectively. In this study, we used the simplified Chinese version of LIWC and Italian LIWC to measure people''s psychological status before and after the lockdown in Wuhan and Lombardy, respectively. These linguistic features imply that social media users'' psychological states were impacted after the COVID-19 lockdown, in both Wuhan and Lombardy. abstract: Many countries are taking strict quarantine policies to prevent the rapid spread of COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) around the world, such as city lockdown. Cities in China and Italy were locked down in the early stage of the pandemic. The present study aims to examine and compare the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on individuals’ psychological states in China and Italy. We achieved the aim by (1) sampling Weibo users (geo-location = Wuhan, China) and Twitter users (geo-location = Lombardy, Italy); (2) fetching all the users’ published posts two weeks before and after the lockdown in each region (e.g., the lockdown date of Wuhan was 23 January 2020); (3) extracting the psycholinguistic features of these posts using the Simplified Chinese and Italian version of Language Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) dictionary; and (4) conducting Wilcoxon tests to examine the changes in the psycholinguistic characteristics of the posts before and after the lockdown in Wuhan and Lombardy, respectively. Results showed that individuals focused more on “home”, and expressed a higher level of cognitive process after a lockdown in both Wuhan and Lombardy. Meanwhile, the level of stress decreased, and the attention to leisure increased in Lombardy after the lockdown. The attention to group, religion, and emotions became more prevalent in Wuhan after the lockdown. Findings provide decision-makers timely evidence on public reactions and the impacts on psychological states in the COVID-19 context, and have implications for evidence-based mental health interventions in two countries. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124552 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17124552 id: cord-282652-2w3bx6p8 author: Sun, Haoyang title: Estimating number of global importations of COVID-19 from Wuhan, risk of transmission outside mainland China and COVID-19 introduction index between countries outside mainland China date: 2020-02-20 words: 4394.0 sentences: 201.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282652-2w3bx6p8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282652-2w3bx6p8.txt summary: For each country or territory outside of mainland China (denoted by ), we assumed that the total number of COVID-19 cases imported from Wuhan ( ) followed a Poisson distribution with rate parameter proportional to the number of air travelers from Wuhan during January 2020 ( → , ), with an unknown coefficient 0 to be estimated from data (more detail in supporting information): Next, we propagated the uncertainty in the estimated number of imported COVID-19 cases from Wuhan, and estimated the probability that a local outbreak would occur and sustain for at least three generations (hereinafter referred to as "local outbreak risk") for each country or territory outside mainland China. The copyright holder for this preprint Table 2 : Countries or territories having a local outbreak risk greater than 50% in the main analysis (i.e. assuming immediate isolation of all the reported cases imported from Wuhan). abstract: Background The emergence of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China in early December 2019 has caused widespread transmission within the country, with over 1,000 deaths reported to date. Other countries have since reported coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) importation from China, with some experiencing local transmission and even case importation from countries outside China. We aim to estimate the number of cases imported from Wuhan to each country or territory outside mainland China, and with these estimates assess the risk of onward local transmission and the relative potential of case importation between countries outside China. Methods We used the reported number of cases imported from Wuhan and flight data to generate an uncertainty distribution for the estimated number of imported cases from Wuhan to each location outside mainland China. This uncertainty was propagated to quantify the local outbreak risk using a branching process model. A COVID-19 introduction index was derived for each pair of donor and recipient countries, accounting for the local outbreak risk in the donor country and the between-country connectivity. Results We identified 13 countries or territories outside mainland China that may have under-detected COVID-19 importation from Wuhan, such as Thailand and Indonesia. In addition, 16 countries had a local outbreak risk estimate exceeding 50%, including four outside Asia. The COVID-19 introduction index highlights potential locations outside mainland China from which cases may be imported to each recipient country. Conclusions As SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread globally, more epicentres may emerge outside China. Hence, it is important for countries to remain alert for the possibilities of viral introduction from other countries outside China, even before local transmission in a source country becomes known. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.17.20024075 doi: 10.1101/2020.02.17.20024075 id: cord-351651-6dbt99h0 author: Sun, Zhong title: Potential Factors Influencing Repeated SARS Outbreaks in China date: 2020-03-03 words: 4985.0 sentences: 260.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351651-6dbt99h0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351651-6dbt99h0.txt summary: Thus, if bats were the natural hosts of SARS-CoVs, cold temperature and low humidity in these times might provide conducive environmental conditions for prolonged viral survival in these regions concentrated with bats. A study on the genome sequence of diseased pangolins smuggled from Malaysia to China found that pangolins carry coronavirus, suggesting that pangolins may be intermediate hosts for SARS-COV-2 [35] . However, the only source of bats that have been publicly identified as carrying virus phylogenetically close to SARS-CoV-2 is far away from Wuhan in Zhoushan, Zhejiang. However, to confirm this scenario, it is necessary to find wild bats in Wuhan and its neighboring areas that carry CoVs identical to those isolated from various SARS-2 patients. This mini-review evaluated the common epidemiological patterns of both SARS epidemics in China and identified cold, dry winter as a common environmental condition conducive for SARS virus infection to human beings. abstract: Within last 17 years two widespread epidemics of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) occurred in China, which were caused by related coronaviruses (CoVs): SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Although the origin(s) of these viruses are still unknown and their occurrences in nature are mysterious, some general patterns of their pathogenesis and epidemics are noticeable. Both viruses utilize the same receptor—angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)—for invading human bodies. Both epidemics occurred in cold dry winter seasons celebrated with major holidays, and started in regions where dietary consumption of wildlife is a fashion. Thus, if bats were the natural hosts of SARS-CoVs, cold temperature and low humidity in these times might provide conducive environmental conditions for prolonged viral survival in these regions concentrated with bats. The widespread existence of these bat-carried or -released viruses might have an easier time in breaking through human defenses when harsh winter makes human bodies more vulnerable. Once succeeding in making some initial human infections, spreading of the disease was made convenient with increased social gathering and holiday travel. These natural and social factors influenced the general progression and trajectory of the SARS epidemiology. However, some unique factors might also contribute to the origination of SARS in Wuhan. These factors are discussed in different scenarios in order to promote more research for achieving final validation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32138266/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17051633 id: cord-287499-zcizdc7s author: Thompson, Hayley A title: SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence on repatriation flights from Wuhan City, China date: 2020-08-24 words: 1399.0 sentences: 72.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287499-zcizdc7s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287499-zcizdc7s.txt summary: title: SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence on repatriation flights from Wuhan City, China Highlight: We estimated SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence in cohorts of repatriated citizens from Wuhan to be 0.44% (95% CI: 0.19%-1.03%). Although not representative of the wider population we believe these estimates are helpful in providing a conservative estimate of infection prevalence in Wuhan City, China, in the absence of large-scale population testing early in the epidemic. By focusing on flights where all passengers were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection with real-time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), regardless of symptoms, a more accurate estimate of infection prevalence can be obtained compared to relying on symptomatic surveillance testing alone. 8 The repatriation flights we considered represent a globally diverse population of foreign nationals who were residing in Wuhan City leading up to the outbreak for variable periods of time and for a variety of reasons: students, work-related travel, visiting friends and families and tourism. High prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in repatriation flights to Greece from three European countries abstract: We estimated SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence in cohorts of repatriated citizens from Wuhan to be 0.44% (95% CI: 0.19%–1.03%). Although not representative of the wider population we believe these estimates are helpful in providing a conservative estimate of infection prevalence in Wuhan City, China, in the absence of large-scale population testing early in the epidemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32830853/ doi: 10.1093/jtm/taaa135 id: cord-294385-6dlgv3tb author: Tong, Xin title: Surveillance of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection among frontline health care workers in Wuhan during COVID‐19 outbreak date: 2020-08-20 words: 1380.0 sentences: 92.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294385-6dlgv3tb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294385-6dlgv3tb.txt summary: The radiological analysis revealed that there was no typical chest CT scan of COVID‐19 among 222 HCWs. Consistently, anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgM or IgG was also found to be negative among 191 HCWs. CONCLUSIONS: There was no nosocomial infection of SARS‐CoV‐2 among our cohort of the frontline HCWs, suggesting that zero occupational infection is an achievable goal with appropriate training, strict compliance, and psychological support for the frontline HCWs. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging infectious disease, first described in Wuhan, China, has rapidly spread throughout worldwide. 2 The ever-increasing number of COVID-19 cases, overwhelming workload, the depletion of personal protection equipment (PPE), physical fatigue, and psychological stress during the early outbreak has resulted in at least 22 073 cases of COVID-19 among HCWs. 3 A study from China Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) showed that as of 17 February 2020, 3.8% confirmed COVID-19 cases were among HCWs. 4 A report from Italy revealed 11% of COVID-19 cases were HCWs. 5 All the evidence suggested a high risk of occupational infection of SARS-CoV-2. abstract: INTRODUCTION: As an emerging infectious disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has rapidly spread throughout worldwide. Health care workers (HCWs) on frontline directly participated in the diagnosis, treatment, and care of COVID‐19 patients are at high risk of getting infected with the highly infectious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), the novel coronavirus that causes COVID‐19. In Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, a total of 222 medical staff went to Wuhan city for support. In this study, we aimed to determine any nosocomial infection among our cohort of HCWs who worked in Wuhan. METHODS: Throat swab samples were obtained for RNA testing on day 1 and 14 of their quarantine upon their return to Nanjing. Radiological assessments were performed by chest computed tomography (CT) on day 14 of their quarantine. The blood was collected from 191 HCWs between May 12 and May 15. Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibody responses were determined by a chemiluminescence immunoassay. RESULTS: All the throat swab specimens were found negative for SARS‐CoV‐2. The radiological analysis revealed that there was no typical chest CT scan of COVID‐19 among 222 HCWs. Consistently, anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgM or IgG was also found to be negative among 191 HCWs. CONCLUSIONS: There was no nosocomial infection of SARS‐CoV‐2 among our cohort of the frontline HCWs, suggesting that zero occupational infection is an achievable goal with appropriate training, strict compliance, and psychological support for the frontline HCWs. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32816387/ doi: 10.1002/iid3.340 id: cord-348327-rgikd4g8 author: Ueyama, Hiroki title: Gender Difference Is Associated With Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection: An Insight From a Meta-Analysis date: 2020-06-19 words: 2448.0 sentences: 154.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348327-rgikd4g8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348327-rgikd4g8.txt summary: STUDY SELECTION: Studies were included in our meta-analysis if it was published in peer-reviewed journals and recorded patient characteristics of severe versus nonsevere or survivor versus nonsurvivor in coronavirus disease 2019 infection. The following search terms were applied to include all relevant studies documenting gender information on COVID-19 infection and its association with outcomes: "coronavirus 2019 or 2019-nCoV or sars cov 2 or COVID-19 or COVID; sex or gender or male or female or clinical characteristic or clinical features of clinical course or risk factor. Studies were included in our meta-analysis when it was: 1) published in peer-reviewed journals and 2) study that recorded patient characteristics of severe versus nonsevere or survivor versus nonsurvivor in COVID-19 infection. The salient findings of this meta-analysis are that males were more likely to develop severe COVID-19 infections compared with females, while there was no significant difference in mortality between gender. abstract: OBJECTIVES: Coronavirus disease 2019 is a novel infection now causing pandemic around the world. The gender difference in regards to the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 infection has not been well described thus far. Our aim was to investigate how gender difference can affect the disease severity of coronavirus disease 2019 infection. DATA SOURCES: A comprehensive literature search of PubMed and Embase databases was conducted from December 1, 2019, to March 26, 2020. An additional manual search of secondary sources was conducted to minimize missing relevant studies. There were no language restrictions. STUDY SELECTION: Studies were included in our meta-analysis if it was published in peer-reviewed journals and recorded patient characteristics of severe versus nonsevere or survivor versus nonsurvivor in coronavirus disease 2019 infection. DATA EXTRACTION: Two investigators independently screened the search, extracted the data, and assessed the quality of the study. DATA SYNTHESIS: Our search identified 15 observational studies with a total of 3,494 patients (1,935 males and 1,559 females) to be included in our meta-analysis. Males were more likely to develop severe coronavirus disease 2019 infection compared with females (odds ratio, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.07–1.60). There was no significant heterogeneity (I(2) = 12%) among the studies. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis suggests that the male gender may be a predictor of more severe coronavirus disease 2019 infection. Further accumulation of evidence from around the world is warranted to confirm our findings. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/cce.0000000000000148 doi: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000148 id: cord-301983-aks5z29t author: Vakili, K. title: Critical Complications of COVID-19: A systematic Review and Meta-Analysis study date: 2020-06-16 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel coronavirus infection that has spread worldwide in a short period and caused a pandemic. The goal of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the prevalence of most common symptoms and complications of COVID-19. Methods: All related studies assessing the clinical complications of COVID-19 have been identified through web search databases (PubMed and Scopus). Relevant data were extracted from these studies and analyzed by stata (ver 14) random-effects model. The heterogeneity of studies were assessed by I2 index. The publication bias was examined by Funnel plots and Eggers test. Results: 30 studies were in our meta-analysis including 6 389 infected patients. The prevalence of most common symptoms were: fever 84.30% (95% CI: 77.13-90.37; I2=97.74%), cough 63.01% (95% CI: 57.63-68.23; I2=93.73%), dyspnea 37.16% (95% CI: 27.31-47.57%; I2=98.32%), fatigue 34.22% (95% CI: 26.29-42.62; I2=97.29%) and diarrhea 11.47 %(95% CI: 6.96-16.87; I2=95.58%), respectively. The most prevalent complications were acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) 33.15% (95% CI: 23.35-43.73; I2=98.56%), acute cardiac injury 13.77% (95% CI: 9.66-18.45; I2=91.36%), arrhythmia 16.64% (95% CI: 9.34-25.5; I2=92.29%), heart failure 11.50% (95% CI: 3.45-22.83; I2=89.48%), and acute kidney injury (AKI) 8.40 %(95% CI: 5.15-12.31; I2=95.22%, respectively. According to our analysis, mortality rate of COVID-19 patients were 12.29% (95% CI: 6.20-19.99; I2=98.29%). Conclusion: We assessed the prevalence of the main clinical complications of COVID-19 and found that after respiratory complications, cardiac and renal complications are the most common clinical complications of COVID-19. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.14.20130955v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.14.20130955 id: cord-288616-7i1kukmn author: Wan, Kelvin H. title: The end of cordon sanitaire in Wuhan: the role of non-pharmaceutical interventions date: 2020-05-14 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Abstract The effectiveness of the non-pharmaceutical interventions implemented in Wuhan are described and discussed. In the absence of vaccine and proven specific safe and effective treatments, the experience and results achieved by Wuhan could serve as a good reference for leaders and policymakers around the world in formulating their strategies and policies in fighting against COVID-19. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0033350620301669 doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.05.007 id: cord-280786-944pn0k9 author: Wang, Chaolong title: Evolving Epidemiology and Impact of Non-pharmaceutical Interventions on the Outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-03-06 words: 4930.0 sentences: 307.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280786-944pn0k9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280786-944pn0k9.txt summary: 1 Although some studies with varying sample sizes have described the clinical characteristics of patients with Covid-19, 2-7 and a previous study has reported the early transmission dynamics of the first 425 confirmed cases in Wuhan, 8 most recent data are required to illustrate the full spectrum of the epidemiological characteristics of the outbreak in Wuhan. During the outbreak, the Chinese authorities have implemented a series of non-pharmaceutical interventions to control the epidemic (details in Fig. 1 Several modelling studies have used the international cases exported from Wuhan to extrapolate the severity of epidemic in Wuhan, which estimated much larger numbers of infected cases than those officially reported, implying a substantial amount of unascertained cases. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.03.20030593 doi: medRxiv preprint 474,897 (410,660 to 537,448) if the trend of the second period was assumed (Fig. 4D) , both were much higher than the current ascertained case number of 25,961. abstract: BACKGROUND We described the epidemiological features of the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) outbreak, and evaluated the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on the epidemic in Wuhan, China. METHODS Individual-level data on 25,961 laboratory-confirmed Covid-19 cases reported through February 18, 2020 were extracted from the municipal Notifiable Disease Report System. Based on key events and interventions, we divided the epidemic into four periods: before January 11, January 11-22, January 23 - February 1, and February 2-18. We compared epidemiological characteristics across periods and different demographic groups. We developed a susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered model to study the epidemic and evaluate the impact of interventions. RESULTS The median age of the cases was 57 years and 50.3% were women. The attack rate peaked in the third period and substantially declined afterwards across geographic regions, sex and age groups, except for children (age <20) whose attack rate continued to increase. Healthcare workers and elderly people had higher attack rates and severity risk increased with age. The effective reproductive number dropped from 3.86 (95% credible interval 3.74 to 3.97) before interventions to 0.32 (0.28 to 0.37) post interventions. The interventions were estimated to prevent 94.5% (93.7 to 95.2%) infections till February 18. We found that at least 59% of infected cases were unascertained in Wuhan, potentially including asymptomatic and mild-symptomatic cases. CONCLUSIONS Considerable countermeasures have effectively controlled the Covid-19 outbreak in Wuhan. Special efforts are needed to protect vulnerable populations, including healthcare workers, elderly and children. Estimation of unascertained cases has important implications on continuing surveillance and interventions. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.03.20030593 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.03.20030593 id: cord-350338-lcsa06gm author: Wang, Kun title: Clinical and laboratory predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19: a cohort study in Wuhan, China date: 2020-05-03 words: 2469.0 sentences: 157.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350338-lcsa06gm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350338-lcsa06gm.txt summary: title: Clinical and laboratory predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19: a cohort study in Wuhan, China We then validated these models by randomly collecting COVID-19 patients in the Infection department of Union Hospital in Wuhan from January 1, 2020, to February 20, 2020. The laboratory model developed with age, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2), neutrophil and lymphocyte count, D-dimer, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) had a significantly stronger discriminatory power than the clinical model (p=0.0157), with AUC of 0.98 (95% CI, 0.92-0.99); threshold, -2.998; sensitivity, 100.00%; specificity, 92.82% and NPV, 100.00%. We developed a clinical model and laboratory model for predicting the in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 patients, the AUCs (95% CI) were 0.88 (0.80, 0.95) and 0.98 (0.92, 0.99) in training cohort, and 0.83 (0.68, 0.93) and 0.88 (0.77, 0.95) in validation cohort, respectively. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to develop mortality-prediction models for patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: The training cohort were consecutive patients with COVID-19 in the First People’s Hospital of Jiangxia District in Wuhan from January 7, 2020 to February 11, 2020. We selected baseline clinical and laboratory data through the stepwise Akaike information criterion and ensemble XGBoost model to build mortality-prediction models. We then validated these models by randomly collecting COVID-19 patients in the Infection department of Union Hospital in Wuhan from January 1, 2020, to February 20, 2020. RESULTS: 296 patients with COVID-19 were enrolled in the training cohort, 19 of whom died during hospitalization and 277 were discharged from the hospital. The clinical model developed with age, history of hypertension and coronary heart disease showed AUC of 0.88 (95% CI, 0.80-0.95); threshold, -2.6551; sensitivity, 92.31%; specificity, 77.44% and negative predictive value (NPV), 99.34%. The laboratory model developed with age, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2), neutrophil and lymphocyte count, D-dimer, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) had a significantly stronger discriminatory power than the clinical model (p=0.0157), with AUC of 0.98 (95% CI, 0.92-0.99); threshold, -2.998; sensitivity, 100.00%; specificity, 92.82% and NPV, 100.00%. In the subsequent validation cohort (N=44), the AUCs (95% CI) were 0.83 (0.68, 0.93) and 0.88 (0.75, 0.96) for clinical model and laboratory model, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We developed two predictive models for the in-hospital mortality of patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan and validated in patients from another center. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa538 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa538 id: cord-321727-xyowl659 author: Wang, Lishi title: Real-time estimation and prediction of mortality caused by COVID-19 with patient information based algorithm date: 2020-07-20 words: 5124.0 sentences: 296.0 pages: flesch: 65.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321727-xyowl659.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321727-xyowl659.txt summary: We report a new methodology, the Patient Information Based Algorithm (PIBA), for estimating the death rate of a disease in real-time using publicly available data collected during an outbreak. PIBA estimated the death rate based on data of the patients in Wuhan and then in other cities throughout China. The death rates based on PIBA were used to predict the daily numbers of deaths since the week of February 25, 2020, in China overall, Hubei province, Wuhan city, and the rest of the country except Hubei province. The PIBA uses patient data in real-time to build a model that estimates and predicts death rates for the near future. Based on the days between confirmation of COVID-19 and the days of death in the hospital, calculated from Wuhan, as mentioned in method 1 and information from the whole country and Hubei Province, we tested the number of days from diagnosis to death, that most likely reflects the actual death rate. abstract: The global COVID-19 outbreak is worrisome both for its high rate of spread, and the high case fatality rate reported by early studies and now in Italy. We report a new methodology, the Patient Information Based Algorithm (PIBA), for estimating the death rate of a disease in real-time using publicly available data collected during an outbreak. PIBA estimated the death rate based on data of the patients in Wuhan and then in other cities throughout China. The estimated days from hospital admission to death was 13 (standard deviation (SD), 6 days). The death rates based on PIBA were used to predict the daily numbers of deaths since the week of February 25, 2020, in China overall, Hubei province, Wuhan city, and the rest of the country except Hubei province. The death rate of COVID-19 ranges from 0.75% to 3% and may decrease in the future. The results showed that the real death numbers had fallen into the predicted ranges. In addition, using the preliminary data from China, the PIBA method was successfully used to estimate the death rate and predict the death numbers of the Korean population. In conclusion, PIBA can be used to efficiently estimate the death rate of a new infectious disease in real-time and to predict future deaths. The spread of 2019-nCoV and its case fatality rate may vary in regions with different climates and temperatures from Hubei and Wuhan. PIBA model can be built based on known information of early patients in different countries. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0048969720319070 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138394 id: cord-294333-6azdm42x author: Wang, S title: Sleep disturbances among medical workers during the outbreak of COVID-2019 date: 2020-05-06 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: The outbreak of Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) has posed unprecedented pressure and threats to healthcare workers in Wuhan and the entire country. AIMS: To assess the effect of the COVID-19 outbreak on the sleep quality of healthcare workers in a children’s healthcare centre in Wuhan. METHODS: A cross-sectional, anonymized, self-reported questionnaire survey was conducted at the Children’s Healthcare Centre of Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. The questionnaire consisted of three parts, including socio-demographic characteristics and COVID-19 epidemic-related factors, the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and Zung’s self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS). RESULTS: In total, 47 out of 123 (38%) participants with PSQI scores > 7 were identified as having sleep disturbance. A logistic regression analysis showed that sleep disturbance was independently associated with being an only child (adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.40 (1.21–9.57), P < 0.05), exposure to COVID-19 patients (adjusted OR and 95% CI 2.97 (1.08–8.18), P < 0.05) and depression (adjusted OR and 95% CI 2.83 (1.10–7.27), P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We observed that, during the outbreak of COVID-19, sleep disturbance was highly prevalent among paediatric healthcare workers, and sleep disturbance was independently associated with being an only child, exposure to COVID-19 patients and depression. Therefore, more mental health services are required for front-line paediatric healthcare workers in Wuhan. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqaa074 doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqaa074 id: cord-027758-vgr6ht3a author: Wang, Tianbing title: A four-compartment model for the COVID-19 infection—implications on infection kinetics, control measures, and lockdown exit strategies date: 2020-05-28 words: 4475.0 sentences: 229.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-027758-vgr6ht3a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-027758-vgr6ht3a.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: To analyse the impact and repercussions of the surge in healthcare demand in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, assess the potential effectiveness of various infection/disease control measures, and make projections on the best approach to exit from the current lockdown. The model captures the effectiveness of various disease suppression measures in three modifiable factors: (a) the per capita contact rate (β) that can be lowered by means of social distancing, (b) infection probability upon contacting infectious individuals that can be lowered by wearing facemasks, personal hygiene, etc., and (c) the population of infectious individuals in contact with the susceptible population, which can be lowered by quarantine. Analysing the different lockdown exit strategies showed that a lockdown exit strategy with a combination of social separation/general facemask use may work, but this needs to be supported by intense monitoring which would allow re-introduction/tightening of the control measures if the number of new infected subjects increases again. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyse the impact and repercussions of the surge in healthcare demand in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, assess the potential effectiveness of various infection/disease control measures, and make projections on the best approach to exit from the current lockdown. DESIGN: A four-compartment model was constructed for SARS-CoV-2 infection based on the Wuhan data and validated with data collected in Italy, the UK, and the US. The model captures the effectiveness of various disease suppression measures in three modifiable factors: (a) the per capita contact rate (β) that can be lowered by means of social distancing, (b) infection probability upon contacting infectious individuals that can be lowered by wearing facemasks, personal hygiene, etc., and (c) the population of infectious individuals in contact with the susceptible population, which can be lowered by quarantine. The model was used to make projections on the best approach to exit from the current lockdown. RESULTS: The model was applied to evaluate the epidemiological data and hospital burden in Italy, the UK, and the US. The control measures were identified as the key drivers for the observed epidemiological data through sensitivity analyses. Analysing the different lockdown exit strategies showed that a lockdown exit strategy with a combination of social separation/general facemask use may work, but this needs to be supported by intense monitoring which would allow re-introduction/tightening of the control measures if the number of new infected subjects increases again. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Governments should act early in a swift and decisive manner for containment policies. Any lockdown exit will need to be monitored closely, with regards to the potential of lockdown reimplementation. This mathematical model provides a framework for major pandemics in the future. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7313816/ doi: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbaa018 id: cord-258113-mnou31j3 author: Wang, Yaping title: Clinical Characteristics of Patients Infected With the Novel 2019 Coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) in Guangzhou, China date: 2020-05-19 words: 3898.0 sentences: 215.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258113-mnou31j3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258113-mnou31j3.txt summary: title: Clinical Characteristics of Patients Infected With the Novel 2019 Coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) in Guangzhou, China CONCLUSIONS: Most of the patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Guangzhou, China are not severe cases and patients with older age, male, and decreased albumin level were more likely to develop into severe ones. [5] studied the clinical features of 99 patients with COVID-19 and found that SARS-Cov-2 was more likely to infect older men with comorbidities and to lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Among all patients, univariate analysis indicated that age, sex, imported disease, incubation period, interval between hospital admission and symptom onset, any coexisting medical condition, leukocyte count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, PCT, LDH, CK, ALB, AST, and D-dimer were associated with disease severity. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical manifestations and factors associated with the severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections outside of Wuhan are not clearly understood. METHODS: All laboratory-confirmed cases with SARS-Cov-2 infection who were hospitalized and monitored in Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital were recruited from January 20 to February 10. RESULTS: A total of 275 patients were included in this study. The median patient age was 49 years, and 63.6% had exposure to Wuhan. The median virus incubation period was 6 days. Fever (70.5%) and dry cough (56.0%) were the most common symptoms. A decreased albumin level was found in 51.3% of patients, lymphopenia in 33.5%, and pneumonia based on chest computed tomography in 86%. Approximately 16% of patients (n = 45) had severe disease, and there were no deaths. Compared with patients with nonsevere disease, those with severe disease were older, had a higher frequency of coexisting conditions and pneumonia, and had a shorter incubation period (all P < .05). There were no differences between patients who likely contacted the virus in Wuhan and those who had no exposure to Wuhan. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that older age, male sex, and decreased albumin level were independently associated with disease severity. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Guangzhou, China are not severe cases and patients with older age, male, and decreased albumin level were more likely to develop into severe ones. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa187 doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa187 id: cord-323481-uz6usokd author: Wang, Yixuan title: Unique epidemiological and clinical features of the emerging 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID‐19) implicate special control measures date: 2020-03-29 words: 2943.0 sentences: 210.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323481-uz6usokd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323481-uz6usokd.txt summary: title: Unique epidemiological and clinical features of the emerging 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID‐19) implicate special control measures By 27 February 2020, the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused 82 623 confirmed cases and 2858 deaths globally, more than severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) (8273 cases, 775 deaths) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) (1139 cases, 431 deaths) caused in 2003 and 2013, respectively. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China The guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (the sixth edition draft) issued by the National Health Commission of China Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical features and viral diagnosis of two cases of infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a report of nosocomial transmission Clinical features and virological analysis of a case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection abstract: By 27 February 2020, the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused 82 623 confirmed cases and 2858 deaths globally, more than severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) (8273 cases, 775 deaths) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) (1139 cases, 431 deaths) caused in 2003 and 2013, respectively. COVID‐19 has spread to 46 countries internationally. Total fatality rate of COVID‐19 is estimated at 3.46% by far based on published data from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC). Average incubation period of COVID‐19 is around 6.4 days, ranges from 0 to 24 days. The basic reproductive number (R(0)) of COVID‐19 ranges from 2 to 3.5 at the early phase regardless of different prediction models, which is higher than SARS and MERS. A study from China CDC showed majority of patients (80.9%) were considered asymptomatic or mild pneumonia but released large amounts of viruses at the early phase of infection, which posed enormous challenges for containing the spread of COVID‐19. Nosocomial transmission was another severe problem. A total of 3019 health workers were infected by 12 February 2020, which accounted for 3.83% of total number of infections, and extremely burdened the health system, especially in Wuhan. Limited epidemiological and clinical data suggest that the disease spectrum of COVID‐19 may differ from SARS or MERS. We summarize latest literatures on genetic, epidemiological, and clinical features of COVID‐19 in comparison to SARS and MERS and emphasize special measures on diagnosis and potential interventions. This review will improve our understanding of the unique features of COVID‐19 and enhance our control measures in the future. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25748 doi: 10.1002/jmv.25748 id: cord-333226-o23da4x2 author: Wang, Yuke title: Strongly Heterogeneous Transmission of COVID-19 in Mainland China: Local and Regional Variation date: 2020-06-19 words: 4251.0 sentences: 220.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333226-o23da4x2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333226-o23da4x2.txt summary: We studied the variation in transmission of COVID-19, locally in Wuhan, as well as on a larger spatial scale, among different cities and even among provinces in mainland China. The sizes of outbreak in provinces of mainland China mainly depended on the numbers of cases imported from Wuhan as the local reproduction numbers were low. Second, to evaluate the role of "the Market" in Wuhan and estimate the numbers of cases caused by contact with this source (its reproduction number) in early transmission, data for the first confirmed 425 COVID-19 cases with date of symptom onset and exposure information to "the Market" was extracted from a recently published report (6) . (B) Distribution of the serial interval for onset of clinical symptoms, estimated from COVID-19 clusters with partially known links ( Figure 2 ). abstract: Background: The outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) started in the city of Wuhan, China, with a period of rapid initial spread. Transmission on a regional and then national scale was promoted by intense travel during the holiday period of the Chinese New Year. We studied the variation in transmission of COVID-19, locally in Wuhan, as well as on a larger spatial scale, among different cities and even among provinces in mainland China. Methods: In addition to reported numbers of new cases, we have been able to assemble detailed contact data for some of the initial clusters of COVID-19. This enabled estimation of the serial interval for clinical cases, as well as reproduction numbers for small and large regions. Findings: We estimated the average serial interval was 4.8 days. For early transmission in Wuhan, any infectious case produced as many as four new cases, transmission outside Wuhan was less intense, with reproduction numbers below two. During the rapid growth phase of the outbreak the region of Wuhan city acted as a hot spot, generating new cases upon contact, while locally, in other provinces, transmission was low. Interpretation: COVID-19 is capable of spreading very rapidly. The sizes of outbreak in provinces of mainland China mainly depended on the numbers of cases imported from Wuhan as the local reproduction numbers were low. The COVID-19 epidemic should be controllable with appropriate interventions (suspension of public transportation, cancellation of mass gatherings, implementation of surveillance and testing, and promotion of personal hygiene and face mask use). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32637423/ doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00329 id: cord-326804-5psqro9d author: Wei, Chen title: The focus and timing of COVID-19 pandemic control measures under healthcare resource constraints date: 2020-04-19 words: 4596.0 sentences: 295.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326804-5psqro9d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326804-5psqro9d.txt summary: Furthermore, prolonging outbreak duration by applying an intermediate, rather than strict, transmission control would not prevent hospital overload regardless of bed capacity, and would likely result in a high ratio (21% ~ 84%) of the population being infected but not treated. The availability of a complete set of data and detailed records of adopted control policies from Wuhan enables us to construct and test an epidemic model that accounts for the factors deciding an outbreak profile, including the control policy''s evolution through time as well as the healthcare system capacity. A modified SEIR model ( Figure 1 ) with time-dependent transmission rate control, timedependent case isolation and testing rate, non-Markovian patient discharge was proposed (see Methods for details). Subsequently, the synergistic effect of increasing transmission control and isolation rate effectively reduced the daily reproduction number (see Suppression success in Methods) to be below 1 by Feb 28, 2020, subsequently resulting in a suppressed COVID-19 transmission ( Figure 2B ). abstract: Generalizing COVID-19 control strategies in one community to others is confounded by community′s unique demographic and socioeconomic attributes. Here we propose a tailored dynamic model accounting for community-specific transmission controls and medical resource availability. We trained the model using data from Wuhan and applied it to other countries. We show that isolating suspected cases is most effective in reducing transmission rate if the intervention starts early. Having more hospital beds provides leverage that diminishes with delayed intervention onset. The importance of transmission control in turn increases by 65% with a 7-day delay. Furthermore, prolonging outbreak duration by applying an intermediate, rather than strict, transmission control would not prevent hospital overload regardless of bed capacity, and would likely result in a high ratio (21% ~ 84%) of the population being infected but not treated. The model could help different countries design control policies and gauge the severity of suppression failure. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.16.20067611 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.16.20067611 id: cord-302159-exexcag6 author: Wei, Yanqiu title: Analysis of 2019 novel coronavirus infection and clinical characteristics of outpatients: An epidemiological study from a fever clinic in Wuhan, China date: 2020-06-16 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: Since the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) pneumonia, thousands of patients with fever or cough were flocked into fever clinic of designated hospitals in Wuhan, China. To date, no data have ever been reported to reflect the prevalence of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) among these outpatients. Moreover, it is almost unknown to discriminate COVID‐19 and nucleic acid negative patients based on clinical features in the fever clinics. METHODS: The infectious status of SARS‐CoV‐2 was estimated among the outpatients. The epidemiological and clinical characteristics were compared between COVID‐19 and nucleic acid negative patients. RESULTS: The nucleic acid positive rate for SARS‐CoV‐2 in the outpatients from our fever clinic was 67·1%, while the majority of COVID‐19 patients were mild cases. The predominant initial symptom in those COVID‐19 patients was fever (78.2%), followed by cough (15.6%). Very significantly lower number of eosinophils was characterized in COVID‐19 patients as compared to that of nucleic acid negative patients. More importantly, the proportion of subjects with eosinophil counts lower than normal levels in COVID‐19 patients was much higher than that of nucleic acid negative patients. Fever combined with bilateral ground‐glass opacities in CT imaging and eosinophil count below the normal level are probably a valuable indicator of COVID‐19 infection in those outpatients. CONCLUSIONS: Those findings may provide critical information for the regions such as Europe and United States that are facing the same situation as Wuhan experienced, and could be valuable to prevent those nucleic acid negative patients from misdiagnosis before antibody testing. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26175 doi: 10.1002/jmv.26175 id: cord-284393-s9qp9a4e author: Wei, Yiping title: Clinical characteristics of 276 hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Zengdu District, Hubei Province: a single-center descriptive study date: 2020-07-29 words: 4267.0 sentences: 223.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284393-s9qp9a4e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284393-s9qp9a4e.txt summary: title: Clinical characteristics of 276 hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Zengdu District, Hubei Province: a single-center descriptive study BACKGROUND: We aimed to report the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) in Zengdu District, Hubei Province, China. Our study on 276 inpatients in Zengdu Hhospital confirms that COVID-19 patients in the areas surrounding the core COVID-19 outbreak region showed mainly mild and moderate illness with fever and lymphocytopenia as the main clinical features. Moreover, compared to studies in which only seriously ill COVID-19 patients were admitted, our admission criteria better reflect the disease characteristics in the area around the outbreak point, so as to provide a decision-making reference for hospitals in the residential area to decide which patients should stay at home for observation and which high-risk patients should be hospitalized in a timely manner. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China abstract: BACKGROUND: We aimed to report the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) in Zengdu District, Hubei Province, China. METHODS: Clinical data on COVID-19 inpatients in Zengdu Hospital from January 27 to March 11, 2020 were collected; this is a community hospital in an area surrounding Wuhan and supported by volunteer doctors. All hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were included in this study. The epidemiological findings, clinical features, laboratory findings, radiologic manifestations, and clinical outcomes of these patients were analyzed. The patients were followed up for clinical outcomes until March 22, 2020. Severe COVID-19 cases include severe and critical cases diagnosed according to the seventh edition of China’s COVID-19 diagnostic guidelines. Severe and critical COVID-19 cases were diagnosed according to the seventh edition of China’s COVID-19 diagnostic guidelines. RESULTS: All hospitalized COVID-19 patients, 276 (median age: 51.0 years), were enrolled, including 262 non-severe and 14 severe patients. The proportion of patients aged over 60 years was higher in the severe group (78.6%) than in the non-severe group (18.7%, p < 0.01). Approximately a quarter of the patients (24.6%) had at least one comorbidity, such as hypertension, diabetes, or cancer, and the proportion of patients with comorbidities was higher in the severe group (85.7%) than in the non-severe group (21.4%, p < 0.01). Common symptoms included fever (82.2% [227/276]) and cough (78.0% [218/276]). 38.4% (106/276) of the patients had a fever at the time of admission. Most patients (94.9% [204/276]) were cured and discharged; 3.6% (10/276) deteriorated to a critical condition and were transferred to another hospital. The median COVID-19 treatment duration and hospital stay were 14.0 and 18.0 days, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the COVID-19 patients in Zengdu had mild disease. Older patients with underlying diseases were at a higher risk of progression to severe disease. The length of hospital-stay and antiviral treatment duration for COVID-19 were slightly longer than those in Wuhan. This work will contribute toward an understanding of COVID-19 characteristics in the areas around the core COVID-19 outbreak region and serve as a reference for decision-making for epidemic prevention and control in similar areas. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-05252-8 doi: 10.1186/s12879-020-05252-8 id: cord-319770-ddq2q1pg author: Wen, Ying title: Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in Shenzhen, the largest migrant city of China date: 2020-03-23 words: 3132.0 sentences: 185.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319770-ddq2q1pg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319770-ddq2q1pg.txt summary: We conducted a retrospective study among 417 confirmed COVID-19 cases from Jan 1 to Feb 28, 2020 in Shenzhen, the largest migrant city of China, to identify the epidemiological and clinical features in settings of high population mobility. As such, we investigated the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of all 417 cases that were confirmed in Shenzhen is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint Patients'' information including sociodemographic characteristics, exposure history, close contacts, time-lines of illness onset, medical visit, hospitalization, and PCR confirmation, symptoms, and clinical outcomes, was extracted to construct a dataset with no personal identity. Our study reported preliminary findings on the clinical severity of COVID-19 in is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint Other studies also suggested that these factors were associated with poorer outcomes in patients in Wuhan and elsewhere (5, 15) . abstract: We conducted a retrospective study among 417 confirmed COVID-19 cases from Jan 1 to Feb 28, 2020 in Shenzhen, the largest migrant city of China, to identify the epidemiological and clinical features in settings of high population mobility. We estimated the median incubation time to be 5.0 days. 342 (82.0%) cases were imported, 161 (38.6%) cases were identified by surveillance, and 247 (59.2%) cases were reported from cluster events. The main symptoms on admission were fever and dry cough. Most patients (91.4%) had mild or moderate illnesses. Age of 50 years or older, breathing problems, diarrhea, and longer time between the first medical visit and admission were associated with higher level of clinical severity. Surveillance-identified cases were much less likely to progress to severe illness. Although the COVID-19 epidemic has been contained in Shenzhen, close monitoring and risk assessments are imperative for prevention and control of COVID-19 in future. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.22.20035246 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.22.20035246 id: cord-342012-1w3x0g42 author: Wu, Joseph T. title: Estimating clinical severity of COVID-19 from the transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China date: 2020-03-19 words: 5328.0 sentences: 298.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342012-1w3x0g42.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342012-1w3x0g42.txt summary: For a completely novel pathogen, especially one with a high (say, >2) basic reproductive number (the expected number of secondary cases generated by a primary case in a completely susceptible population) relative to other recently emergent and seasonal directly transmissible respiratory pathogens 4 , assuming homogeneous mixing and mass action dynamics, the majority of the population will be infected eventually unless drastic public health interventions are applied over prolonged periods and/or vaccines become available sufficiently quickly. We therefore extended our previously published transmission dynamics model 4 , updated with real-time input data and enriched with additional new data sources, to infer a preliminary set of clinical severity estimates that could guide clinical and public health decision-making as the epidemic continues to spread globally. Given that we have parameterized the model using death rates inferred from projected case numbers (from traveler data) and observed death numbers in Wuhan, the precise fatality risk estimates may not be generalizable to those outside the original epicenter, especially during subsequent phases of the epidemic. abstract: As of 29 February 2020 there were 79,394 confirmed cases and 2,838 deaths from COVID-19 in mainland China. Of these, 48,557 cases and 2,169 deaths occurred in the epicenter, Wuhan. A key public health priority during the emergence of a novel pathogen is estimating clinical severity, which requires properly adjusting for the case ascertainment rate and the delay between symptoms onset and death. Using public and published information, we estimate that the overall symptomatic case fatality risk (the probability of dying after developing symptoms) of COVID-19 in Wuhan was 1.4% (0.9–2.1%), which is substantially lower than both the corresponding crude or naïve confirmed case fatality risk (2,169/48,557 = 4.5%) and the approximator(1) of deaths/deaths + recoveries (2,169/2,169 + 17,572 = 11%) as of 29 February 2020. Compared to those aged 30–59 years, those aged below 30 and above 59 years were 0.6 (0.3–1.1) and 5.1 (4.2–6.1) times more likely to die after developing symptoms. The risk of symptomatic infection increased with age (for example, at ~4% per year among adults aged 30–60 years). url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0822-7 doi: 10.1038/s41591-020-0822-7 id: cord-335460-g8rsiiy7 author: Wu, Yu-ping title: CT manifestations of the coronavirus disease 2019 of imported infection versus second-generation infection in patients outside the original district (Wuhan, China) of this disease: An observational study date: 2020-05-22 words: 3355.0 sentences: 172.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335460-g8rsiiy7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335460-g8rsiiy7.txt summary: title: CT manifestations of the coronavirus disease 2019 of imported infection versus second-generation infection in patients outside the original district (Wuhan, China) of this disease: An observational study Group A and B were composed of 15 patients with a history of exposure to the original district (Wuhan, China) in short-term (i.e., imported infection), and 7 with a close contact with the patients with confirmed COVID-19 or with the healthy individuals from the original district (i.e., second-generation infection), respectively. Thus, the purpose of our research was to determine the discrepancy in CT manifestations of COVID-19 in patients outside the original district (Wuhan, China) between cases with imported infection and with second-generation infection, aiming to help clinicians outside the original district formulate more accurate and effective prevention and treatment measures. In contrast, none of patients in group B with abnormal CT findings on initial scans had lesion density score of more than 5 (P < .001), indicating that the COVID-19 in second-generation infected patients could be milder when compared with those with imported infection. abstract: To explore the discrepancy in computed tomography (CT) manifestations of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients outside the original district (Wuhan, China) between cases with imported infection and second-generation infection, 22 patients with COVID-19 from 2 hospitals in Nanchong, China, 938 km away from the original district (Wuhan, China) of this disease were enrolled. All patients underwent initial and follow-up CT after admission during the treatment, and were divided into 2 groups. Group A and B were composed of 15 patients with a history of exposure to the original district (Wuhan, China) in short-term (i.e., imported infection), and 7 with a close contact with the patients with confirmed COVID-19 or with the healthy individuals from the original district (i.e., second-generation infection), respectively. Initial CT features including extent score and density score between groups were statistically compared. We found that all patients in group A and 3 of 7 patients in group B had abnormal CT findings while 4 of 7 patients in group B had not. Patients with abnormal CT findings were more frequent in group A than in group B (P < .05). On initial CT, pure ground glass opacity (GGO), and GGO with consolidation and/or other abnormalities were found in 20% (3/15) and 80% (12/15) patients in group A, respectively, while 1 (14.3%), 2 (28.6%), and 4 (57.1%) had pure GGOs, GGO with focal consolidation, and normal CT appearances in Group B, respectively. Patients with extent and density scores of ≥5 were more frequent in group A than in group B (all P-values < .01). Additionally, 3 of 4 (75%) patients with normal initial CT findings had focal pure GGO lesions on follow-up. In conclusion, COVID-19 in patients with a history of exposure to the original district can be severer than with the second-generation infection on CT. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000020370 doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000020370 id: cord-336546-wcxqn5z2 author: Xi, Aiqi title: Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of discharged patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 on the Qinghai plateau date: 2020-05-21 words: 2438.0 sentences: 167.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336546-wcxqn5z2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336546-wcxqn5z2.txt summary: Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) was first reported in Wuhan, a series of confirmed cases of COVID‐19 were found on the Qinghai‐Tibet plateau. Coronavirus disease 2019 , caused by infection with the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in Wuhan, Hubei, China in December 2019 [1] [2] [3] [4] and rapidly spread worldwide. In this study, we report the epidemiological and clinical characteristics, and outcomes of all 18 confirmed COVID-19 patients in Qinghai including family clusters who returned to Qinghai from Wuhan, and family members who did not travel to Wuhan. For this retrospective study, we enrolled all 18 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 from the hospitals designated for treatment by the Health Commission of Qinghai Province from Jan 21 to April 6, 2020. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study abstract: Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) was first reported in Wuhan, a series of confirmed cases of COVID‐19 were found on the Qinghai‐Tibet plateau. We aimed to describe the epidemiological, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of all confirmed cases in Qinghai, a province at high altitude. The region had no sustained local transmission. Of all 18 patients with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, 15 patients comprising 4 transmission clusters were identified. Three patients were infected by direct contact without travel history to Wuhan. Of 18 patients, 10 patients showed bilateral pneumonia and 2 patients showed no abnormalities. Three patients with comorbidities such as hypertension, liver diseases or diabetes developed severe illness. High C‐reactive protein levels and elevations of both ALT and AST were observed in 3 severely ill patients on admission. All 18 patients were eventually discharged, including the 3 severe patients who recovered after treatment with non‐invasive mechanical ventilation, convalescent plasma and other therapies. Our findings confirmed human‐to‐human transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 in clusters. Patients with comorbidities are more likely to develop severe illness. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32437017/ doi: 10.1002/jmv.26032 id: cord-289451-yjrh5l4u author: Xiao, Huidi title: Social Distancing among Medical Students during the 2019 Coronavirus Disease Pandemic in China: Disease Awareness, Anxiety Disorder, Depression, and Behavioral Activities date: 2020-07-14 words: 4715.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289451-yjrh5l4u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289451-yjrh5l4u.txt summary: title: Social Distancing among Medical Students during the 2019 Coronavirus Disease Pandemic in China: Disease Awareness, Anxiety Disorder, Depression, and Behavioral Activities We enrolled medical students studying public health in Beijing and Wuhan to assess their COVID-19 awareness and to evaluate their mental health status/behaviors using a self-administered questionnaire. A 2020 COVID-19 survey in China found that many respondents (including students) reported symptoms of moderate to severe anxiety and depression [8] . We studied the associations between COVID-19 distancing and the lives of public health students on anxiety [14] , depression, and other behaviors. We also examined the differences among public health students in two universities, Capital Medical University (CCMU) in Beijing, and Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) in Wuhan, the early epicenter of the COVID-19 outbreak in China. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among the medical students in two schools of public health at two universities: CCMU in Beijing and HUST in Wuhan. abstract: Background: During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, harsh social distancing measures were taken in China to contain viral spread. We examined their impact on the lives of medical students. Methods: A nation-wide cross-sectional survey of college students was conducted from 4–12 February 2020. We enrolled medical students studying public health in Beijing and Wuhan to assess their COVID-19 awareness and to evaluate their mental health status/behaviors using a self-administered questionnaire. We used the Patient Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and Health Questionnaire-9 to measure anxiety disorders and depression. We used multivariable logistic regression and path analysis to assess the associations between covariates and anxiety disorder/depression. Results: Of 933 students, 898 (96.2%) reported wearing masks frequently when going out, 723 (77.5%) reported daily handwashing with soap, 676 (72.5%) washed hands immediately after arriving home, and 914 (98.0%) reported staying home as much as possible. Prevalence of anxiety disorder was 17.1% and depression was 25.3%. Multivariable logistic regression showed anxiety to be associated with graduate student status (odds ratio (aOR) = 2.0; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2–3.5), negative thoughts or actions (aOR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.4–1.7), and feeling depressed (aOR = 6.8; 95% CI: 4.0–11.7). Beijing students were significantly less likely to have anxiety than those in the Wuhan epicenter (aOR = 0.9; 95% CI: 0.8–1.0), but depression did not differ. Depression was associated with female students (aOR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.2–3.3), negative thoughts or actions (aOR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.5–1.9), and anxiety disorder (aOR = 5.8; 95% CI: 3.4–9.9). Path analysis validated these same predictors. Conclusions: Despite medical students’ knowledge of disease control and prevention, their lives were greatly affected by social distancing, especially in the Wuhan epicenter. Even well-informed students needed psychological support during these extraordinarily stressful times. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145047 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17145047 id: cord-326721-2v5wkjrq author: Xiao, Wenlei title: A Cybernetics-based Dynamic Infection Model for Analyzing SARS-COV-2 Infection Stability and Predicting Uncontrollable Risks date: 2020-03-17 words: 4478.0 sentences: 282.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326721-2v5wkjrq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326721-2v5wkjrq.txt summary: Distinguished with other epidemiological models, such as SIR, SEIR, etc., that compute the theoretical number of infected people in a closed population, CDIM considers the immigration and emigration population as system inputs, and administrative and medical resources as dynamic control variables. is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint : Effective infectious increment (can be negative); : Total non-isolated cases (asymptomatic carriers); : Patient increment (symptom onset); : Total isolated cases (confirmed patients after symptom onset); Figure 4 : Basic principle of the cybernetics-based dynamic infection model be made. In the view of this, we used the data from Shanghai, a relatively well controlled city, to identify and calibrate the key parameters of the incubation period and the basic reproductive number. In Shanghai Model, there is no worry about the shortage of medical supplies, so a negative summation channel performs a direct control effect on the positive feedback infection loop, which is thus of paramount importance in reducing the number of total infectious cases. abstract: Since December 2019, COVID-19 has raged in Wuhan and subsequently all over China and the world. We propose a Cybernetics-based Dynamic Infection Model (CDIM) to the dynamic infection process with a probability distributed incubation delay and feedback principle. Reproductive trends and the stability of the SARS-COV-2 infection in a city can then be analyzed, and the uncontrollable risks can be forecasted before they really happen. The infection mechanism of a city is depicted using the philosophy of cybernetics and approaches of the control engineering. Distinguished with other epidemiological models, such as SIR, SEIR, etc., that compute the theoretical number of infected people in a closed population, CDIM considers the immigration and emigration population as system inputs, and administrative and medical resources as dynamic control variables. The epidemic regulation can be simulated in the model to support the decision-making for containing the outbreak. City case studies are demonstrated for verification and validation. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.13.20034082 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.13.20034082 id: cord-279976-juz9jnfk author: Xie, Mingxuan title: Insight into 2019 novel coronavirus — an updated intrim review and lessons from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV date: 2020-04-01 words: 3863.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279976-juz9jnfk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279976-juz9jnfk.txt summary: METHODS: Based on recently published literatures, official documents and selected up-to-date preprint studies, we reviewed the virology and origin, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, pathology and treatment of 2019-nCoV infection, in comparison with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. The COVID-19 generally had a high reproductive number, a long incubation period, a short serial interval and a low case fatality rate (much higher in patients with comorbidities) than SARS and MERS. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CCDC) identified a novel beta-coronavirus called 2019-nCoV, now officially known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (Gorbalenya et al., 2020) , that responsible for the pandemic. Further search words were above keywords, "SARS" OR "SARS-CoV" OR "severe acute respiratory syndrome", "MERS" OR "MERS-CoV" OR "middle east respiratory syndrome", in combinations of with "spike protein" OR "genome" OR "reproductive number" OR "incubation period" OR "serial interval" OR "fatality rate" OR "clinical characteristics" OR "pathology" OR "autopsy" OR "treatment". abstract: BACKGROUND: The rapid spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a zoonotic beta-coronavirus entitled 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), has become a global threat. Awareness of the biological features of 2019-nCoV should be updated in time and needs to be comprehensively summarized to help optimize control measures and make therapeutic decisions. METHODS: Based on recently published literatures, official documents and selected up-to-date preprint studies, we reviewed the virology and origin, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, pathology and treatment of 2019-nCoV infection, in comparison with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. RESULTS: The genome of 2019-nCoV partially resembled SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and indicating a bat origin. The COVID-19 generally had a high reproductive number, a long incubation period, a short serial interval and a low case fatality rate (much higher in patients with comorbidities) than SARS and MERS. Clinical presentation and pathology of COVID-19 greatly resembled SARS and MERS, with less upper respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms, and more exudative lesions in post-mortems. Potential treatments included remdesivir, chloroquine, tocilizumab, convalescent plasma and vaccine immunization (when possible). CONCLUSION: The initial experience from the current pandemic and lessons from the previous two pandemics can help improve future preparedness plans and combat disease progression. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971220302046?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.071 id: cord-298899-lkrmg5qr author: Xie, Yewei title: Epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory findings of the COVID-19 in the current pandemic: systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-08-31 words: 6242.0 sentences: 368.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298899-lkrmg5qr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298899-lkrmg5qr.txt summary: To fill the research gaps mentioned above, this review article systematically summarizes global findings on the natural history, clinical spectrum, transmission patterns, laboratory findings, CT results, and risk factors of the COVID-19. Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study Clinical course and potential predicting factors of pneumonia of adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a retrospective observational analysis of 193 confirmed cases in Thailand Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan Epidemiology, risk factors and clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients in a Swiss university hospital: an observational retrospective study abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the world deeply, with more than 14,000,000 people infected and nearly 600,000 deaths. This review aimed to summarize the epidemiologic traits, clinical spectrum, CT results and laboratory findings of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: We scoped for relevant literatures published during 1st December 2019 to 16th July 2020 based on three databases using English and Chinese languages. We reviewed and analyzed the relevant outcomes. RESULTS: The COVID-19 pandemic was found to have a higher transmission rate compared to SARS and MERS and involved 4 stages of evolution. The basic reproduction number (R(0)) is 3.32 (95% CI:3.24–3.39), the incubation period was 5.24 days (95% CI:3.97–6.50, 5 studies) on average, and the average time for symptoms onset varied by countries. Common clinical spectrums identified included fever (38.1–39.0 °C), cough and fatigue, with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) being the most common complication reported. Body temperatures above 39.0 °C, dyspnea, and anorexia were more common symptoms in severe patients. Aged over 65 years old, having co-morbidities, and developing complications were the commonest high-risk factors associated with severe conditions. Leucopenia and lymphopenia were the most common signs of infection while liver and kidney damage were rare but may cause bad outcomes for patients. The bilateral, multifocal Ground-Glass Opacification (GGO) on peripheral, and the consolidative pulmonary opacity were the most frequent CT results and the tendency of mortality rates differed by region. CONCLUSIONS: We provided a bird’s-eye view of the COVID-19 during the current pandemic, which will help better understanding the key traits of the disease. The findings could be used for disease’s future research, control and prevention. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32867706/ doi: 10.1186/s12879-020-05371-2 id: cord-304925-9gvx3swf author: Xie, Zhixiang title: Spatial and temporal differentiation of COVID-19 epidemic spread in mainland China and its influencing factors date: 2020-07-14 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Abstract This paper uses the exploratory spatial data analysis and the geodetector method to analyze the spatial and temporal differentiation characteristics and the influencing factors of the COVID-19 (corona virus disease 2019) epidemic spread in mainland China based on the cumulative confirmed cases, average temperature, and socio-economic data. The results show that: (1) the epidemic spread rapidly from January 24 to February 20, 2020, and the distribution of the epidemic areas tended to be stable over time. The epidemic spread rate in Hubei province, in its surrounding, and in some economically developed cities was higher, while that in western part of China and in remote areas of central and eastern China was lower. (2) The global and local spatial correlation characteristics of the epidemic distribution present a positive correlation. Specifically, the global spatial correlation characteristics experienced a change process from agglomeration to decentralization. The local spatial correlation characteristics were mainly composed of the‘high-high’ and ‘low-low’ clustering types, and the situation of the contiguous layout was very significant. (3) The population inflow from Wuhan and the strength of economic connection were the main factors affecting the epidemic spread, together with the population distribution, transport accessibility, average temperature, and medical facilities, which affected the epidemic spread to varying degrees. (4) The detection factors interacted mainly through the mutual enhancement and nonlinear enhancement, and their influence on the epidemic spread rate exceeded that of single factors. Besides, each detection factor has an interval range that is conducive to the epidemic spread. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32687995/ doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140929 id: cord-337809-bxvgr6qg author: Xiong, Yong title: Family cluster of three recovered cases of pneumonia due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection date: 2020-05-04 words: 1738.0 sentences: 122.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337809-bxvgr6qg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337809-bxvgr6qg.txt summary: Our observations suggest the importance of preventing family transmission and the efficacy of current integrated treatment for mild/ moderate pneumonia in COVID-19 cases. Our observations suggest the importance of preventing family transmission and the efficacy of current integrated treatment for mild/ moderate pneumonia in COVID-19 cases. [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] This report describes the epidemiological and clinical features of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) among three members of a family following SARS-CoV-2 infection. On 10 and 11 January 2020, a family of three, comprising the father (65 years), the mother (61 years) and the son (38 years), were admitted to the Department of Infectious Disease at the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University with symptoms of cough and fever. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China abstract: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in Wuhan, China, in late 2019 and has affected more than 1 270 000 people worldwide. The numbers of reported cases continue to rise and threaten global health. Transmissions among family members are frequently observed, although the route of transmission is partially known. Here we report three cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection within one family. Sequencing of the S gene of the viral genome showed 100% identity among samples, suggesting that the same strain caused the infection. Following treatment with oseltamivir and short-term methylprednisolone combined with symptomatic management, all three patients recovered within 3 weeks, as evidenced by the disappearance of their symptoms, clearance of pulmonary infiltrates and consecutive negative molecular diagnostic test findings. Our observations suggest the importance of preventing family transmission and the efficacy of current integrated treatment for mild/moderate pneumonia in COVID-19 cases. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32371416/ doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-235302 id: cord-119576-8qp8o2g2 author: Xu, Liyan title: Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Antiepidemic Policies and Global Situation Assessment of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-16 words: 11585.0 sentences: 569.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-119576-8qp8o2g2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-119576-8qp8o2g2.txt summary: With a two-layer contact-dispersion model and data in China, we analyze the cost-effectiveness of three types of antiepidemic measures for COVID-19: regular epidemiological control, local social interaction control, and inter-city travel restriction. We find that: 1) intercity travel restriction has minimal or even negative effect compared to the other two at the national level; 2) the time of reaching turning point is independent of the current number of cases, and only related to the enforcement stringency of epidemiological control and social interaction control measures; 3) strong enforcement at the early stage is the only opportunity to maximize both antiepidemic effectiveness and cost-effectiveness; 4) mediocre stringency of social interaction measures is the worst choice. Overall, compared with in-city epidemiological and social interaction control measures, the contribution of inter-city travel restrictions to the reduction of the number of infected cases and the spatial spread of disease is much smaller-lower by two orders of magnitudes. abstract: With a two-layer contact-dispersion model and data in China, we analyze the cost-effectiveness of three types of antiepidemic measures for COVID-19: regular epidemiological control, local social interaction control, and inter-city travel restriction. We find that: 1) intercity travel restriction has minimal or even negative effect compared to the other two at the national level; 2) the time of reaching turning point is independent of the current number of cases, and only related to the enforcement stringency of epidemiological control and social interaction control measures; 3) strong enforcement at the early stage is the only opportunity to maximize both antiepidemic effectiveness and cost-effectiveness; 4) mediocre stringency of social interaction measures is the worst choice. Subsequently, we cluster countries/regions into four groups based on their control measures and provide situation assessment and policy suggestions for each group. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.07765v2.pdf doi: nan id: cord-306373-61snvddh author: Xu, Xiao-Wei title: Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series date: 2020-02-19 words: 3594.0 sentences: 204.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306373-61snvddh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306373-61snvddh.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical characteristics of patients in Zhejiang province, China, infected with the 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-2019). Since the outbreak of covid-19, strict precautionary measures have been implemented in Zhejiang province, including the creation of fever clinics that exclusively receive patients with suspected SARS-Cov-2 infection, defined as presenting with a fever or any respiratory symptoms, including dry cough, and especially in those with a history of travel to Wuhan or exposure to infected people within two weeks before the onset of illness since January 2020. The incubation period was defined as the time from exposure to the onset of illness, which was estimated among patients who could provide the exact date of close contact with individuals from Wuhan with confirmed or suspected SARS-Cov-2 infection. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical characteristics of patients in Zhejiang province, China, infected with the 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-2019). DESIGN: Retrospective case series. SETTING: Seven hospitals in Zhejiang province, China. PARTICIPANTS: 62 patients admitted to hospital with laboratory confirmed SARS-Cov-2 infection. Data were collected from 10 January 2020 to 26 January 2020. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical data, collected using a standardised case report form, such as temperature, history of exposure, incubation period. If information was not clear, the working group in Hangzhou contacted the doctor responsible for treating the patient for clarification. RESULTS: Of the 62 patients studied (median age 41 years), only one was admitted to an intensive care unit, and no patients died during the study. According to research, none of the infected patients in Zhejiang province were ever exposed to the Huanan seafood market, the original source of the virus; all studied cases were infected by human to human transmission. The most common symptoms at onset of illness were fever in 48 (77%) patients, cough in 50 (81%), expectoration in 35 (56%), headache in 21 (34%), myalgia or fatigue in 32 (52%), diarrhoea in 3 (8%), and haemoptysis in 2 (3%). Only two patients (3%) developed shortness of breath on admission. The median time from exposure to onset of illness was 4 days (interquartile range 3-5 days), and from onset of symptoms to first hospital admission was 2 (1-4) days. CONCLUSION: As of early February 2020, compared with patients initially infected with SARS-Cov-2 in Wuhan, the symptoms of patients in Zhejiang province are relatively mild. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m606 doi: 10.1136/bmj.m606 id: cord-136515-e0j2iruo author: Xue, Ling title: A Data-Driven Network Model for the Emerging COVID-19 Epidemics in Wuhan, Toronto and Italy date: 2020-05-28 words: 5445.0 sentences: 334.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-136515-e0j2iruo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-136515-e0j2iruo.txt summary: The transmission network model was respectively fitted to the reported data for the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan (China), Toronto (Canada), and the Italian Republic using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) optimization algorithm. Ziff and Ziff analyzed the number of reported cases for Wuhan (China) and showed that the growth of the daily number of confirmed new cases indicates an underlying fractal or small-world network of connections between susceptible and infected individuals [2] . developed a compartmental model dividing individuals into susceptible, exposed, removed, and quarantined symptomatically infected and showed that the distinctive subexponential increase of confirmed cases in mainland China could be explained as a direct consequence of containment policies that effectively deplete the susceptible population [10] . The model then projected the trends of COVID-19 spread by simulating epidemics in the Wuhan, Toronto, and Italy networks. Simulation results showed that personal protection, reducing the node degrees of symptomatically infected individuals, and quarantine of close contacts are effective in reducing the peak epidemic size and final epidemic size. abstract: The ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic threatens the health of humans and causes great economic losses. Predictive modelling and forecasting the epidemic trends are essential for developing countermeasures to mitigate this pandemic. We develop a network model, where each node represents an individual and the edges represent contacts between individuals where the infection can spread. The individuals are classified based on the number of contacts they have each day (their node degrees) and their infection status. The transmission network model was respectively fitted to the reported data for the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan (China), Toronto (Canada), and the Italian Republic using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) optimization algorithm. Our model fits all three regions well with narrow confidence intervals and could be adapted to simulate other megacities or regions. The model projections on the role of containment strategies can help inform public health authorities to plan control measures. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.14533v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-328787-r0i3zo6t author: Xue, Ling title: A data-driven network model for the emerging COVID-19 epidemics in Wuhan, Toronto and Italy date: 2020-06-01 words: 5327.0 sentences: 326.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328787-r0i3zo6t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328787-r0i3zo6t.txt summary: The transmission network model was respectively fitted to the reported data for the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan (China), Toronto (Canada), and the Italian Republic using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) optimization algorithm. The transmission network model was respectively fitted to the reported data for the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan (China), Toronto (Canada), and the Italian Republic using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (M-CMC) optimization algorithm. Ziff and Ziff analyzed the number of reported cases for Wuhan (China) and showed that the growth of the daily number of confirmed new cases indicates an underlying fractal or small-world network of connections between susceptible and infected individuals [2]. The model then projected the trends of COVID-19 spread by simulating epidemics in the Wuhan, Toronto, and Italy networks. Simulation results showed that personal protection, reducing the node degrees of symptomatically infected individuals, and quarantine of close contacts are effective in reducing the peak epidemic size and final epidemic size. abstract: The ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic threatens the health of humans and causes great economic losses. Predictive modelling and forecasting the epidemic trends are essential for developing countermeasures to mitigate this pandemic. We develop a network model, where each node represents an individual and the edges represent contacts between individuals where the infection can spread. The individuals are classified based on the number of contacts they have each day (their node degrees) and their infection status. The transmission network model was respectively fitted to the reported data for the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan (China), Toronto (Canada), and the Italian Republic using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) optimization algorithm. Our model fits all three regions well with narrow confidence intervals and could be adapted to simulate other megacities or regions. The model projections on the role of containment strategies can help inform public health authorities to plan control measures. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32497623/ doi: 10.1016/j.mbs.2020.108391 id: cord-283985-8mdnkegz author: Yang, Chayu title: A mathematical model for the novel coronavirus epidemic in Wuhan, China date: 2020-03-11 words: 4953.0 sentences: 290.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283985-8mdnkegz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283985-8mdnkegz.txt summary: [11] introduced a susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (SEIR) model to describe the transmission dynamics, and forecasted the national and global spread of the disease, based on reported data from December 31, 2019 to January 28, 2020. Most of these models have emphasized the significant role of the direct, human-to-human transmission pathway in this epidemic [16] , as highlighted by the facts that the majority of the infected individuals did not have any contact with the marketplaces in Wuhan, that the number of infections has been rapidly increasing, and that the disease has spread to all provinces in China as well as more than 20 other countries. To estimate the values for these three parameters, similar to [32] , we fit our model to the daily reported infection data for Wuhan from January 23 to February 10 by using the standard least squares method. abstract: We propose a mathematical model to investigate the current outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China. Our model describes the multiple transmission pathways in the infection dynamics, and emphasizes the role of the environmental reservoir in the transmission and spread of this disease. Our model also employs non-constant transmission rates which change with the epidemiological status and environmental conditions and which reflect the impact of the on-going disease control measures. We conduct a detailed analysis of this model, and demonstrate its application using publicly reported data. Among other findings, our analytical and numerical results indicate that the coronavirus infection would remain endemic, which necessitates long-term disease prevention and intervention programs. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32233562/ doi: 10.3934/mbe.2020148 id: cord-275853-fym8qze2 author: Yang, Juan title: Disease burden and clinical severity of the first pandemic wave of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-09-01 words: 6451.0 sentences: 441.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275853-fym8qze2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275853-fym8qze2.txt summary: In 62 contrast, the 2009 influenza pandemic is considered mild but provides a benchmark 63 for a pandemic in modern times, as the health systems, supportive care, and Wuhan is a particularly well-suited location to assess the health burden of Firstly, Wuhan experienced intense community transmission of severe acute 73 respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); secondly, the first wave has 74 ended, with only seven sporadic cases reported between March 24 and May 18 3 . Here we used multiple data sources to estimate age-78 specific rates of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections, medically attended cases, 79 hospitalizations, and deaths, accounting for health seeking behaviors and 80 underdiagnoses. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.27.20183228 doi: medRxiv preprint burden and clinical severity of seasonal and pandemic influenza using Wuhan age 290 profile as a reference (Supplementary Information File 5 and File 8). abstract: The pandemic of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) began in Wuhan, China, where a first wave of intense community transmission was cut short by interventions. Using multiple data source, we estimated the disease burden and clinical severity of COVID-19 by age in Wuhan from December 1, 2019 to March 31, 2020. We adjusted estimates for sensitivity of laboratory assays and accounted for prospective community screenings and healthcare seeking behaviors. Rates of symptomatic cases, medical consultations, hospitalizations and deaths were estimated at 796 (95%CI: 703–977), 489 (472–509), 370 (358–384), and 36.2 (35.0–37.3) per 100,000 persons, respectively. The COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan had higher burden than the 2009 influenza pandemic or seasonal influenza, and that clinical severity was similar to that of the 1918 influenza pandemic. Our comparison puts the COVID-19 pandemic into context and could be helpful to guide intervention strategies and preparedness for the potential resurgence of COVID-19. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.27.20183228v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.27.20183228 id: cord-285502-rvv64190 author: Yang, Lie title: Emergency response to the explosive growth of health care wastes during COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan, China date: 2020-08-18 words: 4124.0 sentences: 220.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285502-rvv64190.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285502-rvv64190.txt summary: During the pandemic, municipal solid wastes (MSWs) from designated hospitals, Fangcang shelter hospitals, isolation locations and residential areas (e.g. face masks) were collected and categorized as HCWs due to the high infectiousness and strong survivability of COVID-19, and accordingly the average production of HCWs per 1000 persons in Wuhan explosively increased from 3.64 kg/d to 27.32 kg/d. However, during the pandemic, municipal solid wastes (MSWs) from designated hospitals, Fangcang shelter hospitals, isolation locations and residential areas (e.g. face masks) are of potential infectiousness due to the high infectiousness and strong survivability of COVID-19, and need to be collected, transported, storage and treated as part of HCWs (MEE, 2005 (MEE, , 2006a . For instance, MSWs from designated hospitals, Fangcang shelter hospitals and isolation locations were packaged and collected as HCWs. Therefore, all of these HCWs were collected with strict segregation packages and managed according to the criterions of infectious wastes (MEE, 2008) during the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan. abstract: During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a worldwide pandemic, the security management of health care wastes (HCWs) has attracted increasing concern due to their high risk. In this paper, the integrated management of HCWs in Wuhan, the first COVID-19-outbreaking city with over ten millions of people completely locking down, was collected, investigated and analyzed. During the pandemic, municipal solid wastes (MSWs) from designated hospitals, Fangcang shelter hospitals, isolation locations and residential areas (e.g. face masks) were collected and categorized as HCWs due to the high infectiousness and strong survivability of COVID-19, and accordingly the average production of HCWs per 1000 persons in Wuhan explosively increased from 3.64 kg/d to 27.32 kg/d. Segregation, collection, storage, transportation and disposal of HCWs in Wuhan were discussed and outlined. Stationary facilities, mobile facilities, co-processing facilities (Incineration plants for MSWs) and nonlocal disposal were consecutively utilized to improve the disposal capacity, from 50 tons/d to 280.1 tons/d. Results indicated that stationary and co-processing facilities were preferential for HCWs disposal, while mobile facilities and nonlocal disposal acted as supplementary approaches. Overall, the improved system of HCWs management could meet the challenge of the explosive growth of HCWs production during COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan. Furthermore, these practices could provide a reference for other densely populated metropolises. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32834492/ doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105074 id: cord-269453-30l6rzgo author: Yang, Po title: Feasibility study of mitigation and suppression strategies for controlling COVID-19 outbreaks in London and Wuhan date: 2020-08-06 words: 6784.0 sentences: 338.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269453-30l6rzgo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269453-30l6rzgo.txt summary: While above methods demonstrate good performance in prediction of COVID-19 outbreak by taking strong public intervention, also named as suppression strategy [13] that aims to reverse epidemic growth, one important challenge is that taking suppression strategy only is to treat disease controls as single-objective optimization of reducing the overall infectious populations as soon as possible, and require strategic consistency in a long term. Targeting at this problem, this paper conducts a feasibility study that analyses and compares mitigation and suppression intervention strategies for controlling COVID-19 outbreaks in Wuhan and London. In order to utilize our proposed SEMCR model into practical cases, we design an evaluation protocol to access multiple effects of taking different intervention strategies to control outbreak of COVID-19 in 4 typical cases, including Hubei province, Wuhan city, the UK and London, as shown in abstract: Recent outbreaks of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led a global pandemic cross the world. Most countries took two main interventions: suppression like immediate lockdown cities at epicenter or mitigation that slows down but not stopping epidemic for reducing peak healthcare demand. Both strategies have their apparent merits and limitations; it becomes extremely hard to conduct one intervention as the most feasible way to all countries. Targeting at this problem, this paper conducted a feasibility study by defining a mathematical model named SEMCR, it extended traditional SEIR (Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered) model by adding two key features: a direct connection between Exposed and Recovered populations, and separating infections into mild and critical cases. It defined parameters to classify two stages of COVID-19 control: active contain by isolation of cases and contacts, passive contain by suppression or mitigation. The model was fitted and evaluated with public dataset containing daily number of confirmed active cases including Wuhan and London during January 2020 and March 2020. The simulated results showed that 1) Immediate suppression taken in Wuhan significantly reduced the total exposed and infectious populations, but it has to be consistently maintained at least 90 days (by the middle of April 2020). Without taking this intervention, we predict the number of infections would have been 73 folders higher by the middle of April 2020. Its success requires efficient government initiatives and effective collaborative governance for mobilizing of corporate resources to provide essential goods. This mode may be not suitable to other countries without efficient collaborative governance and sufficient health resources. 2) In London, it is possible to take a hybrid intervention of suppression and mitigation for every 2 or 3 weeks over a longer period to balance the total infections and economic loss. While the total infectious populations in this scenario would be possibly 2 times than the one taking suppression, economic loss and recovery of London would be less affected. 3) Both in Wuhan and London cases, one important issue of fitting practical data was that there were a portion (probably 62.9% in Wuhan) of self-recovered populations that were asymptomatic or mild symptomatic. This finding has been recently confirmed by other studies that the seroprevalence in Wuhan varied between 3.2% and 3.8% in different sub-regions. It highlights that the epidemic is far from coming to an end by means of herd immunity. Early release of intervention intensity potentially increased a risk of the second outbreak. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236857 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236857 id: cord-275765-58iul47s author: Yao, Wenlong title: Critical role of Wuhan cabin hospitals in controlling the local COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-22 words: 1156.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275765-58iul47s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275765-58iul47s.txt summary: Here, we evaluate the role of cabin hospitals in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic by retrospectively analyzing the correlation between available beds in cabin hospitals and epidemic data. We obtained the data regarding total daily beds available in cabin hospitals from the official website of the Wuhan municipal government, and we extracted daily numbers of newly diagnosed cases, newly cured cases, and new deaths, and we calculated the overall recovery rate and mortality from COVID-19 in Wuhan from the official website of the National Health Commission of the People''s Republic of China. The official government website reported a total of 28 designated hospitals with 8,254 beds for COVID-19 patients in Wuhan before February 4, 2020. Our analysis showed that, with the increase of available beds by cabin hospitals, the newly diagnosed cases and severe cases decreased. The relationships between total beds of cabin hospitals and epidemic data of COVID-19 in Wuhan. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.167 doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.167 id: cord-305422-t8azymo7 author: Yi, Ye title: COVID-19: what has been learned and to be learned about the novel coronavirus disease date: 2020-03-15 words: 8300.0 sentences: 446.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305422-t8azymo7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305422-t8azymo7.txt summary: The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has thus far killed over 3,000 people and infected over 80,000 in China and elsewhere in the world, resulting in catastrophe for humans. The virus is highly homologous to the coronavirus (CoV) that caused an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003; thus, it was named SARS-CoV-2 by the World Health Organization (WHO) on February 11, 2020, and the associated disease was named CoV Disease-19 (COVID-19) [1] . Whenever possible, we will try to compare COVID-19 with SARS and another CoV-caused disease, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS, an outbreak in 2012). Due to the lack of experience with the novel CoV, physicians can mainly provide supportive care to COVID-19 patients, while attempting a variety of therapies that have been used or proposed before for the treatment of other CoVs such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV and other viral diseases ( Table 2) . abstract: The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has thus far killed over 3,000 people and infected over 80,000 in China and elsewhere in the world, resulting in catastrophe for humans. Similar to its homologous virus, SARS-CoV, which caused SARS in thousands of people in 2003, SARS-CoV-2 might also be transmitted from the bats and causes similar symptoms through a similar mechanism. However, COVID-19 has lower severity and mortality than SARS but is much more transmissive and affects more elderly individuals than youth and more men than women. In response to the rapidly increasing number of publications on the emerging disease, this article attempts to provide a timely and comprehensive review of the swiftly developing research subject. We will cover the basics about the epidemiology, etiology, virology, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and prevention of the disease. Although many questions still require answers, we hope that this review helps in the understanding and eradication of the threatening disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32226295/ doi: 10.7150/ijbs.45134 id: cord-323882-127c5bve author: Yu, Wen-Bin title: Decoding the evolution and transmissions of the novel pneumonia coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 / HCoV-19) using whole genomic data date: 2020-05-17 words: 5560.0 sentences: 282.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323882-127c5bve.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323882-127c5bve.txt summary: Of the 93 genomes of SARS-CoV-2, 39 (41.93%) were from infected patients in 11 countries outside China and encoded 31 haplotypes (H d =0.987±0.009 (SD), P i =0.16×10 -3 ± 0.01×10 -3 ), with 27 nationally/regionally private haplotypes. Three different datasets were used to infer evolutionary networks, which consistently supported H13 and H38 as the potentially ancestral haplotypes, i.e., the outgroup bat-RaTG13-CoV could connect to both H13 and H38, or H38 alone, or through a medium vector mv1 (an intermediate host or the first infected humans) connected to both H13 and H38 by single mutations at positions 18067 (S, synonymous substitution) and/or 29102 (S), referring to the numbering of the alignment length 29 910 bp ( Figure 5 ). To clarify the exact origins of these haplotypes outside China, we need more epidemiological investigative efforts and more SARS-CoV-2 genomic data from patients at the early stage of transmissions. abstract: The outbreak of COVID-19 started in mid-December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Up to 29 February 2020, SARS-CoV-2 (HCoV-19 / 2019-nCoV) had infected more than 85 000 people in the world. In this study, we used 93 complete genomes of SARS-CoV-2 from the GISAID EpiFlu(TM) database to investigate the evolution and human-to-human transmissions of SARS-CoV-2 in the first two months of the outbreak. We constructed haplotypes of the SARS-CoV-2 genomes, performed phylogenomic analyses and estimated the potential population size changes of the virus. The date of population expansion was calculated based on the expansion parameter tau (τ) using the formula t=τ/2u. A total of 120 substitution sites with 119 codons, including 79 non-synonymous and 40 synonymous substitutions, were found in eight coding-regions in the SARS-CoV-2 genomes. Forty non-synonymous substitutions are potentially associated with virus adaptation. No combinations were detected. The 58 haplotypes (31 found in samples from China and 31 from outside China) were identified in 93 viral genomes under study and could be classified into five groups. By applying the reported bat coronavirus genome (bat-RaTG13-CoV) as the outgroup, we found that haplotypes H13 and H38 might be considered as ancestral haplotypes, and later H1 was derived from the intermediate haplotype H3. The population size of the SARS-CoV-2 was estimated to have undergone a recent expansion on 06 January 2020, and an early expansion on 08 December 2019. Furthermore, phyloepidemiologic approaches have recovered specific directions of human-to-human transmissions and the potential sources for international infected cases. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32351056/ doi: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.022 id: cord-282058-it0ojdk3 author: Yu, Yuanqiang title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Neonates and Children From China: A Review date: 2020-05-15 words: 7461.0 sentences: 389.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282058-it0ojdk3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282058-it0ojdk3.txt summary: References for this review were identified through searches of PubMed for articles published from January 1, 2003, to May 1, 2020, by use of the terms "coronavirus, " "neonate, " "children, " "COVID19, " and "SARS-CoV-2." Relevant articles published between 2003 and 2020 were identified through searches in the authors'' personal files. The World Health Organization (WHO) subsequently named the novel coronavirus pneumonia Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and named the virus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The World Health Organization (WHO) subsequently named the novel coronavirus pneumonia Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and named the virus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The symptoms of COVID-19 appear to be less severe in infants and children than in adult patients, similar to the SARS-CoV infection (15) (16) (17) . Of the 34 pregnant women who were confirmed with the SARS-CoV-2 infection in multiple hospitals in Wuhan, including one pregnant woman with a negative nucleic acid test result, 30 had a fever and 16 had a cough (54) (55) (56) (57) . abstract: At the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus began to spread in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The confirmed cases increased nationwide rapidly, in part due to the increased population mobility during the Chinese Lunar New Year festival. The World Health Organization (WHO) subsequently named the novel coronavirus pneumonia Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and named the virus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Soon, transmission from person to person was confirmed and the virus spread to many other countries. To date, many cases have been reported in the pediatric age group, most of which were from China. The management and treatment strategies have also been improved, which we believe would be helpful to pediatric series in other countries as well. However, the characteristics of neonatal and childhood infection still have not been evaluated in detail. This review summarizes the current understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection in neonates and children from January 24 to May 1, as an experience from China. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32574286/ doi: 10.3389/fped.2020.00287 id: cord-347204-cafr7f38 author: Yuan, Zheming title: Modelling the effects of Wuhan’s lockdown during COVID-19, China date: 2020-07-01 words: 3935.0 sentences: 242.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347204-cafr7f38.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347204-cafr7f38.txt summary: FINDINGS: Delaying the start date of control measures by only 3 days would have increased the estimated 30 699 confirmed cases of COVID-19 by 1 March 2020 in regions outside Wuhan by 34.6% (to 41 330 people). We present a simple model based on online data on population movements and confirmed numbers of people infected to quantify the consequences of the control measures in Wuhan on the ongoing spread of COVID-19 across mainland China. To determine the number of people represented by the migration index per unit, we used data on population movements during the 2019 Spring Festival travel rush in China (over 40 days from 21 January 2019 to 1 March 2019). We therefore concluded that the first key factor (x 1 ) affecting the final cumulative number of confirmed cases in cities outside Wuhan on 1 March 2020 was the sum of people travelling out of Wuhan during 20-26 January 2020 (there were few population movements after 27 January 2020 because of the control measures). abstract: OBJECTIVE: To design a simple model to assess the effectiveness of measures to prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to different regions of mainland China. METHODS: We extracted data on population movements from an internet company data set and the numbers of confirmed cases of COVID-19 from government sources. On 23 January 2020 all travel in and out of the city of Wuhan was prohibited to control the spread of the disease. We modelled two key factors affecting the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases in regions outside Wuhan by 1 March 2020: (i) the total the number of people leaving Wuhan during 20–26 January 2020; and (ii) the number of seed cases from Wuhan before 19 January 2020, represented by the cumulative number of confirmed cases on 29 January 2020. We constructed a regression model to predict the cumulative number of cases in non-Wuhan regions in three assumed epidemic control scenarios. FINDINGS: Delaying the start date of control measures by only 3 days would have increased the estimated 30 699 confirmed cases of COVID-19 by 1 March 2020 in regions outside Wuhan by 34.6% (to 41 330 people). Advancing controls by 3 days would reduce infections by 30.8% (to 21 235 people) with basic control measures or 48.6% (to 15 796 people) with strict control measures. Based on standard residual values from the model, we were able to rank regions which were most effective in controlling the epidemic. CONCLUSION: The control measures in Wuhan combined with nationwide traffic restrictions and self-isolation reduced the ongoing spread of COVID-19 across China. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32742034/ doi: 10.2471/blt.20.254045 id: cord-280892-net44oxu author: Zhan, Yu-xin title: Prevalence and Influencing Factors on Fatigue of First-line Nurses Combating with COVID-19 in China: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study date: 2020-08-07 words: 5659.0 sentences: 229.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280892-net44oxu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280892-net44oxu.txt summary: The descriptive statistic of nurses'' social-demographic characteristics was conducted, and the related variables of work, anxiety, depression, perceived stress and fatigue were analyzed by t-tests, nonparametric test and Pearson''s correlation analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed the participants in the risk groups of anxiety, depression and perceived stress had higher scores on physical and mental fatigue and the statistically significant positive correlation was observed between the variables and nurses'' fatigue, the frequency of exercise and nurses'' fatigue had a statistically significant negative correlation, and average daily working hours had a significantly positive correlation with nurses'' fatigue, and the frequency of weekly night shift had a low positive correlation with nurses'' fatigue (P<0.01). Government and health authorities need to formulate and take effective intervention strategies according to the relevant risk factors, and undertake preventive measures aimed at reducing health hazards due to increased work-related fatigue among first-line nurses, and to enhance their health status and provide a safe occupational environment worldwide. abstract: Nurses’ work-related fatigue has been recognized as a threat to nurse health and patient safety. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of fatigue among first-line nurses combating with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, and to analyze its influencing factors on fatigue. A multi-center, descriptive, cross-sectional design with a convenience sample was used. The statistical population consisted of the first-line nurses in 7 tertiary general hospitals from March 3, 2020 to March 10, 2020 in Wuhan of China. A total of 2667 samples from 2768 contacted participants completed the investgation, with a response rate of 96.35%. Social-demographic questionnaire, work-related questionnaire, Fatigue Scale-14, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Chinese Perceived Stress Scale were used to conduct online survey. The descriptive statistic of nurses’ social-demographic characteristics was conducted, and the related variables of work, anxiety, depression, perceived stress and fatigue were analyzed by t-tests, nonparametric test and Pearson’s correlation analysis. The significant factors which resulted in nurses’ fatigue were further analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis. The median score for the first-line nurses’ fatigue in Wuhan was 4 (2, 8). The median score of physical and mental fatigue of them was 3 (1, 6) and 1 (0, 3) respectively. According to the scoring criteria, 35.06% nurses (n=935) of all participants were in the fatigue status, their median score of fatigue was 10 (8, 11), and the median score of physical and mental fatigue of them was 7 (5, 8) and 3 (2, 4) respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed the participants in the risk groups of anxiety, depression and perceived stress had higher scores on physical and mental fatigue and the statistically significant positive correlation was observed between the variables and nurses’ fatigue, the frequency of exercise and nurses’ fatigue had a statistically significant negative correlation, and average daily working hours had a significantly positive correlation with nurses’ fatigue, and the frequency of weekly night shift had a low positive correlation with nurses’ fatigue (P<0.01). There was a moderate level of fatigue among the first-line nurses fighting against COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan, China. Government and health authorities need to formulate and take effective intervention strategies according to the relevant risk factors, and undertake preventive measures aimed at reducing health hazards due to increased work-related fatigue among first-line nurses, and to enhance their health status and provide a safe occupational environment worldwide. Promoting both medical and nursing safety while combating with the pandemic currently is warranted. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32767264/ doi: 10.1007/s11596-020-2226-9 id: cord-277430-x02u7oh0 author: Zhang, Hongyan title: Outcomes of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection in 107 patients with cancer from Wuhan, China date: 2020-06-23 words: 3182.0 sentences: 157.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277430-x02u7oh0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277430-x02u7oh0.txt summary: Secondary analyses included the reporting of clinical presentation and outcomes based on the different cancer types, and the association between mortality due to COVID-19 and whether the patient was receiving ongoing active anticancer treatment (systemic therapy, local therapy, or a combination). 5, 16 Rather, in the current study cohort of 107 patients, we observed that active anticancer treatment within 1 month of a diagnosis of COVID-19 was associated with profound lymphopenia (median of 0.55 vs 1.05 for those on follow-up) and markedly elevated inflammatory markers of C-reactive protein (36.00 vs 27.40) and procalcitonin (0.17 vs 0.06). The results of the current study demonstrated the clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 in a large cohort of 107 patients with different cancer types, and suggested a high incidence of severe illness and case fatality rates compared with the community population. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: a retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan, China. abstract: BACKGROUND: Patients with cancer have a higher risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) than noncancer patients. The authors conducted a multicenter retrospective study to investigate the clinical manifestations and outcomes of patients with cancer who are diagnosed with COVID‐19. METHODS: The authors reviewed the medical records of hospitalized patients who were treated at 5 hospitals in Wuhan City, China, between January 5 and March 18, 2020. Clinical parameters relating to cancer history (type and treatment) and COVID‐19 were collected. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Secondary analyses were the association between clinical factors and severe COVID‐19 and OS. RESULTS: A total of 107 patients with cancer were diagnosed with COVID‐19, with a median age of 66 years (range, 37‐98 years). Lung (21 patients; 19.6%), gastrointestinal (20 patients; 18.7%), and genitourinary (20 patients; 18.7%) cancers were the most common cancer diagnoses. A total of 37 patients (34.6%) were receiving active anticancer treatment when diagnosed with COVID‐19, whereas 70 patients (65.4%) were on follow‐up. Overall, 52.3% of patients (56 patients) developed severe COVID‐19; this rate was found to be higher among patients receiving anticancer treatment than those on follow‐up (64.9% vs 45.7%), which corresponded to an inferior OS in the former subgroup of patients (hazard ratio, 3.365; 95% CI, 1.455‐7.782 [P = .005]). The detrimental effect of anticancer treatment on OS was found to be independent of exposure to systemic therapy (case fatality rate of 33.3% [systemic therapy] vs 43.8% [nonsystemic therapy]). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the current study demonstrated that >50.0% of infected patients with cancer are susceptible to severe COVID‐19. This risk is aggravated by simultaneous anticancer treatment and portends for a worse survival, despite treatment for COVID‐19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32573776/ doi: 10.1002/cncr.33042 id: cord-011558-ls6cdive author: Zhang, Jingping title: An Asymptomatic Patient with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-01 words: 204.0 sentences: 17.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-011558-ls6cdive.txt txt: ./txt/cord-011558-ls6cdive.txt summary: key: cord-011558-ls6cdive authors: Zhang, Jingping; Du, Yonghao; Bai, Lu; Pu, Jiantao; Jin, Chenwang; Yang, Jian; Guo, Youmin cord_uid: ls6cdive Our case verified the asymptomatic infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as previously reported (3, 4) and suggested that 1) the transmission of COVID-19 seemingly could occur during the incubation period and may cause a potential threat to public health, and 2) the CT examination is very helpful for the early diagnosis of COVID-19 because the abnormalities (e.g., unilateral or bilateral subpleural multifocal ground-glass opacities of the lungs) associated with COVID-19 could be visualized on CT while subjects remain asymptomatic (5) . n Author disclosures are available with the text of this article at www.atsjournals.org. Novel Wuhan (2019-nCoV) coronavirus A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-toperson transmission: a study of a family cluster Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7258648/ doi: 10.1164/rccm.202002-0241im id: cord-340369-y8o5j2be author: Zhang, Juanjuan title: Age profile of susceptibility, mixing, and social distancing shape the dynamics of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in China date: 2020-03-20 words: 2534.0 sentences: 121.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340369-y8o5j2be.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340369-y8o5j2be.txt summary: To estimate changes in age-mixing patterns associated with COVID-19 interventions, we performed contact surveys in two cities, Wuhan, the epicenter of the outbreak, and Shanghai, one of the largest and most densely populated cities in southeast China. Based on the estimated age-specific mixing patterns and susceptibility to COVID-19 infection, we developed a SIR model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and tested the impact of social distancing measures on disease dynamics. preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in The copyright holder for this this version posted March 20, 2020. preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in The copyright holder for this this version posted March 20, 2020. abstract: Strict interventions were successful to control the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak in China. As transmission intensifies in other countries, the interplay between age, contact patterns, social distancing, susceptibility to infection and disease, and COVID-19 dynamics remains unclear. To answer these questions, we analyze contact surveys data for Wuhan and Shanghai before and during the outbreak and contact tracing information from Hunan Province. Daily contacts were reduced 7-9 fold during the COVID-19 social distancing period, with most interactions restricted to the household. Children 0-14 years were 59% (95% CI 7-82%) less susceptible than individuals 65 years and over. A transmission model calibrated against these data indicates that social distancing alone, as implemented in China during the outbreak, is sufficient to control COVID-19. While proactive school closures cannot interrupt transmission on their own, they reduce peak incidence by half and delay the epidemic. These findings can help guide global intervention policies. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.19.20039107 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.19.20039107 id: cord-285403-h8ahn8fw author: Zhang, Liangsheng title: Origin and Evolution of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus date: 2020-02-03 words: 830.0 sentences: 48.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285403-h8ahn8fw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285403-h8ahn8fw.txt summary: To the Editor-The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (2019-nCoV or COVID-19) recently reported from Wuhan (China), which has cases in Thailand, Japan, South Korea, and the United States, has been confirmed as a new coronavirus [1] . Based on our phylogenomic analysis of the recently released genomic data of 2019-nCoV, we showed that the 2019-nCoV is most closely related to 2 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like CoV sequences that were isolated in bats during 2015 to 2017 [2] , suggesting that the bats'' CoV and the human 2019-nCoV share a recent common ancestor ( Figure 1A) . This market also sells wild animals or mammals, which were likely intermediate hosts of 2019-nCoV, which originated from bat hosts ( Figure 1B ). The 2019-nCoVs have long branches (0.09) for the 2 isolated in the phylogenomic tree ( Figure 1A) , indicating that the 2019-nCoVs likely share bat hosts. There were 3 genotypes present in samples from Guangdong province, indicating that the 6 strains were infected from different places in Wuhan. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32011673/ doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa112 id: cord-254968-czrgzyr3 author: Zhang, Qiang title: A serological survey of SARS-CoV-2 in cat in Wuhan date: 2020-09-17 words: 3148.0 sentences: 180.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254968-czrgzyr3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254968-czrgzyr3.txt summary: Here, we investigated the infection of SARS-CoV-2 in cats during COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan by serological detection methods. Our data demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 has infected cats in Wuhan during the outbreak and described serum antibody dynamics in cats, providing an important reference for clinical treatment and prevention of COVID-19. Here, we investigated the serological prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in cats by an indirect ELISA and virus neutralization tests (VNT), and monitored the serum antibody dynamics of cats infected SARS-CoV-2, providing a basis for further understanding the infection of SARS-CoV-2 in cats. In this study, we detected the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in cats in Wuhan during the COVID-19 outbreak with ELISA, VNT and western blot. Virus neutralization test and Western blot assay of cat serum samples for SARS-CoV-2 (A) Cat#14, Cat#15 and Cat#4 sera were 3-fold serially diluted and mixed with SARS-CoV-2; after incubated at 37°C for 1 h, the mixture was used to infect Vero E6 cells, and replaced with semi-solid media 1 h later. abstract: COVID-19 is a new respiratory illness caused by SARS-CoV-2, and has constituted a global public health emergency. Cat is susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. However, the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in cats remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the infection of SARS-CoV-2 in cats during COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan by serological detection methods. A cohort of serum samples were collected from cats in Wuhan, including 102 sampled after COVID-19 outbreak, and 39 prior to the outbreak. Fifteen sera collected after the outbreak were positive for the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 by indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Among them, 11 had SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies with a titer ranging from 1/20 to 1/1080. No serological cross-reactivity was detected between SARS-CoV-2 and type I or II feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV). In addition, we continuously monitored serum antibody dynamics of two positive cats every 10 days over 130 days. Their serum antibodies reached the peak at 10 days after first sampling, and declined to the limit of detection within 110 days. Our data demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 has infected cats in Wuhan during the outbreak and described serum antibody dynamics in cats, providing an important reference for clinical treatment and prevention of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2020.1817796 doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1817796 id: cord-351600-bqw9ks4a author: Zhang, Shuai title: Development and validation of a risk factor-based system to predict short-term survival in adult hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a multicenter, retrospective, cohort study date: 2020-07-16 words: 4916.0 sentences: 231.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351600-bqw9ks4a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351600-bqw9ks4a.txt summary: title: Development and validation of a risk factor-based system to predict short-term survival in adult hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a multicenter, retrospective, cohort study We aimed to explore the risk factors of 14-day and 28-day mortality and develop a model for predicting 14-day and 28-day survival probability among adult hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Nomogram scoring systems for predicting the 14-day and 28-day survival probability of patients with COVID-19 were developed and exhibited strong discrimination and calibration power in the two external validation cohorts (C-index, 0.878 and 0.839). CONCLUSION: Older age, high lactate dehydrogenase level, evaluated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and high direct bilirubin level were independent predictors of 28-day mortality in adult hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19. We aimed to explore the risk factors of 28-day mortality and develop a nomogram scoring system for predicting 28-day survival probability among patients with COVID-19. abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a public health emergency of global concern. We aimed to explore the risk factors of 14-day and 28-day mortality and develop a model for predicting 14-day and 28-day survival probability among adult hospitalized patients with COVID-19. METHODS: In this multicenter, retrospective, cohort study, we examined 828 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 hospitalized in Wuhan Union Hospital and Central Hospital of Wuhan between January 12 and February 9, 2020. Among the 828 patients, 516 and 186 consecutive patients admitted in Wuhan Union Hospital were enrolled in the training cohort and the validation cohort, respectively. A total of 126 patients hospitalized in Central Hospital of Wuhan were enrolled in a second external validation cohort. Demographic, clinical, radiographic, and laboratory measures; treatment; proximate causes of death; and 14-day and 28-day mortality are described. Patients’ data were collected by reviewing the medical records, and their 14-day and 28-day outcomes were followed up. RESULTS: Of the 828 patients, 146 deaths were recorded until May 18, 2020. In the training set, multivariate Cox regression indicated that older age, lactate dehydrogenase level over 360 U/L, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio higher than 8.0, and direct bilirubin higher than 5.0 μmol/L were independent predictors of 28-day mortality. Nomogram scoring systems for predicting the 14-day and 28-day survival probability of patients with COVID-19 were developed and exhibited strong discrimination and calibration power in the two external validation cohorts (C-index, 0.878 and 0.839). CONCLUSION: Older age, high lactate dehydrogenase level, evaluated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and high direct bilirubin level were independent predictors of 28-day mortality in adult hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19. The nomogram system based on the four factors revealed good discrimination and calibration, suggesting good clinical utility. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-03123-x doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03123-x id: cord-267574-etnjo4nz author: Zhao, Shi title: The association between domestic train transportation and novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak in China from 2019 to 2020: A data-driven correlational report date: 2020-02-29 words: 1077.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267574-etnjo4nz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267574-etnjo4nz.txt summary: title: The association between domestic train transportation and novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak in China from 2019 to 2020: A data-driven correlational report Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/tmaid The association between domestic train transportation and novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak in China from 2019 to 2020: A data-driven correlational report Thus, we examine and explore the association between load of domestic passengers from Wuhan and the number of 2019-nCoV cases confirmed in different cities. We calculated the daily average number of passengers from Wuhan to six selected major cities, including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Chengdu and Chongqing, from December 16 to January 15 of the next year. We estimated that 10-fold increase in the number of train passengers from Wuhan is likely to associated with 8.27, 95%CI: (0.35, 16.18), increase in the number of imported cases, see Fig. 1(B) . Estimating the potential total number of novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) cases in Wuhan City, China. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1477893920300181 doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101568 id: cord-342268-azi9i2a8 author: Zhao, Shi title: Quantifying the association between domestic travel and the exportation of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) cases from Wuhan, China in 2020: a correlational analysis date: 2020-02-20 words: 1582.0 sentences: 91.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342268-azi9i2a8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342268-azi9i2a8.txt summary: title: Quantifying the association between domestic travel and the exportation of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) cases from Wuhan, China in 2020: a correlational analysis In this work, we quantified the association between the domestic travel load and the number of cases exported from Wuhan to other cityclusters in mainland China. We examined the association between the load of domestic passengers departed from Wuhan and the number of confirmed cases to the 10 city-clusters (including the three municipalities, Beijing, Shanghai and Chongqing). 1 We found a statistically significant positive association between the load of passengers multiplied by the local infectivity in Wuhan and the number of cases reported outside Wuhan, see Table 1 . The association between domestic train transportation and novel coronavirus outbreak in China, from 2019 to 2020: a data-driven correlational report Estimating the potential total number of novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) cases in Wuhan City, China Preprint published by the abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa022 doi: 10.1093/jtm/taaa022 id: cord-273209-ou80n3p3 author: Zheng, Fang title: Clinical Characteristics of Children with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Hubei, China date: 2020-03-24 words: 2616.0 sentences: 157.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273209-ou80n3p3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273209-ou80n3p3.txt summary: Since December 2019, an epidemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has occurred unexpectedly in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and it had quickly spread from Wuhan to the other areas in China and abroad [1] [2] [3] [4] . In recent weeks, emerging studies have reported that most patients with COVID-19 had an epidemiological history including a travel or residence history in Wuhan City and neighboring areas, and contacting with confirmed or suspected cases [7] . Clinical diagnoses included upper respiratory tract infection (URI) (n=8), mild pneumonia (n=15), and critical cases (n=2). In our study, most patients had mild diseases including upper respiratory tract infection and mild pneumonia, which were less severe than symptoms reported in adult patients [9, 10] . Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China abstract: Since December 2019, COVID-19 has occurred unexpectedly and emerged as a health problem worldwide. Despite the rapidly increasing number of cases in subsequent weeks, the clinical characteristics of pediatric cases are rarely described. A cross-sectional multicenter study was carried out in 10 hospitals across Hubei province. A total of 25 confirmed pediatric cases of COVID-19 were collected. The demographic data, epidemiological history, underlying diseases, clinical manifestations, laboratory and radiological data, treatments, and outcomes were analyzed. Of 25 hospitalized patients with COVID-19, the boy to girl ratio was 1.27:1. The median age was 3 years. COVID-19 cases in children aged <3 years, 3.6 years, and ≥6-years patients were 10 (40%), 6 (24%), and 9 (36%), respectively. The most common symptoms at onset of illness were fever (13 [52%]), and dry cough (11 [44%]). Chest CT images showed essential normal in 8 cases (33.3%), unilateral involvement of lungs in 5 cases (20.8%), and bilateral involvement in 11 cases (45.8%). Clinical diagnoses included upper respiratory tract infection (n=8), mild pneumonia (n=15), and critical cases (n=2). Two critical cases (8%) were given invasive mechanical ventilation, corticosteroids, and immunoglobulin. The symptoms in 24 (96%) of 25 patients were alleviated and one patient had been discharged. It was concluded that children were susceptible to COVID-19 like adults, while the clinical presentations and outcomes were more favorable in children. However, children less than 3 years old accounted for majority cases and critical cases lied in this age group, which demanded extra attentions during home caring and hospitalization treatment. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32207032/ doi: 10.1007/s11596-020-2172-6 id: cord-321358-plxz5mkg author: Zheng, Jun title: SARS-CoV-2: an Emerging Coronavirus that Causes a Global Threat date: 2020-03-15 words: 4759.0 sentences: 251.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321358-plxz5mkg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321358-plxz5mkg.txt summary: An ongoing outbreak of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus, currently designated as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was reported recently. In this review, we summarize the key events occurred during the early stage of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, the basic characteristics of the pathogen, the signs and symptoms of the infected patients as well as the possible transmission pathways of the virus. CoVs have been identified in both avian hosts and various mammals, including bat, camels, dogs and masked palm civets, and are previously regarded as pathogens that only cause mild diseases in the immunocompetent people until the emergence of the coronavirus causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV) in late of 2002 [3] [4] [5] [6] . abstract: An ongoing outbreak of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus, currently designated as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was reported recently. However, as SARS-CoV-2 is an emerging virus, we know little about it. In this review, we summarize the key events occurred during the early stage of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, the basic characteristics of the pathogen, the signs and symptoms of the infected patients as well as the possible transmission pathways of the virus. Furthermore, we also review the current knowledge on the origin and evolution of the SARS-CoV-2. We highlight bats as the potential natural reservoir and pangolins as the possible intermediate host of the virus, but their roles are waiting for further investigation. Finally, the advances in the development of chemotherapeutic options are also briefly summarized. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32226285/ doi: 10.7150/ijbs.45053 id: cord-327716-ehm4fgos author: Zhou, Can title: Evaluating new evidence in the early dynamics of the novel coronavirus COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China with real time domestic traffic and potential asymptomatic transmissions date: 2020-02-18 words: 5027.0 sentences: 304.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327716-ehm4fgos.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327716-ehm4fgos.txt summary: title: Evaluating new evidence in the early dynamics of the novel coronavirus COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China with real time domestic traffic and potential asymptomatic transmissions With updated real time domestic traffic, this study aims to integrate recent evidence of international evacuees extracted from Wuhan between Jan. 29 and Feb. 2, 2020 to infer the dynamics of the COVD-19 outbreak in Wuhan. With updated real time domestic traffic, this study aims to integrate recent evidence of international evacuees extracted from Wuhan between Jan. 29 and Feb. 2, 2020 to infer the dynamics of the COVD-19 outbreak in Wuhan. (2020) With updated real time domestic traffic data, this study aims to update the current status of the COVD-19 outbreak in the city of Wuhan with the alternative information from the evacuees between the end of January and the start of February. abstract: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19), first detected in Wuhan, China in December 2019, has spread to 28 countries/regions with over 43,000 confirmed cases. Much about this outbreak is still unknown. At this early stage of the epidemic, it is important to investigate alternative sources of information to understand its dynamics and spread. With updated real time domestic traffic, this study aims to integrate recent evidence of international evacuees extracted from Wuhan between Jan. 29 and Feb. 2, 2020 to infer the dynamics of the COVD-19 outbreak in Wuhan. In addition, a modified SEIR model was used to evaluate the empirical support for the presence of asymptomatic transmissions. Based on the data examined, this study found little evidence for the presence of asymptomatic transmissions. However, it is still too early to rule out its presence conclusively due to sample size and other limitations. The updated basic reproductive number was found to be 2.12 on average with a 95% credible interval of [2.04, 2.18]. It is smaller than previous estimates probably because the new estimate factors in the social and non-pharmaceutical mitigation implemented in Wuhan through the evacuee dataset. Detailed predictions of infected individuals exported both domestically and internationally were produced. The estimated case confirmation rate has been low but has increased steadily to 23.37% on average. The findings of this study depend on the validity of the underlying assumptions, and continuing work is needed, especially in monitoring the current infection status of Wuhan residents. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.15.20023440 doi: 10.1101/2020.02.15.20023440 id: cord-328687-clr1e9p6 author: Zhou, Fuling title: Tracing asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers among 3674 hospital staff:a cross-sectional survey date: 2020-09-15 words: 3719.0 sentences: 189.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328687-clr1e9p6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328687-clr1e9p6.txt summary: BACKGROUND: Asymptomatic carriers were positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) without developing symptoms, which might be a potential source of infection outbreak. Recently, in order to avoid further nosocomial infection, all staff without clinical symptoms in our hospital participated in the physical examination before resumption of ordinary job, including chest CT, throat swab RT-PCR test and plasma COVID-19 IgM/IgG antibodies test. This study aims to analyze the examination results, understand the infection status of staff, track the infection related risk factors, as well as tracing of asymptomatic infection individual, so as to provide effective suggestions for other hospitals and non-medical institution in Wuhan, ensuring scientific and safe return to work. In our study, asymptomatic carrier refers to patients who have mild or non-symptoms but with positive test for viral nucleic acid of SARS-CoV-2 or with positive test for serum specific IgM antibody. abstract: BACKGROUND: Asymptomatic carriers were positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) without developing symptoms, which might be a potential source of infection outbreak. Here, we aim to clarify the epidemiologic and influencing factors of asymptomatic carriers in the general population. METHODS: In our hospital, all hospital staff have received throat swab RT-PCR test, plasma COVID-19 IgM/IgG antibodies test and chest CT examination. We analyzed the correlation between infection rates and gender, age, job position, work place and COVID-19 knowledge training of the staff. After that, all asymptomatic staff were re-examined weekly for 3 weeks. FINDINGS: A total of 3764 hospital staff were included in this single-center cross-sectional study. Among them, 126 hospital staff had abnormal findings, and the proportion of asymptomatic infection accounted for 0.76% (28/3674). There were 26 staff with IgM+, 73 with IgG+, and 40 with ground glass shadow of chest CT. Of all staff with abnormal findings, the older they are, the more likely they are to be the staff with abnormal results, regardless of their gender. Of 3674 hospital staff, the positive rate of labor staff is obviously higher than that of health care workers (HCWs) and administrative staff (P<0.05). In the course of participating in the treatment of COVID-19, there was no statistically significant difference in positive rates between high-risk departments and low-risk departments (P>0.05). The positive rate of HCWs who participated in the COVID-19 knowledge training was lower than those did not participate in early training (P <0.01). Importantly, it was found that there was no statistical difference between the titers of IgM antibody of asymptomatic infections and confirmed patients with COVID-19 in recovery period (P>0.05). During 3 weeks follow-up, all asymptomatic patients did not present the development of clinical symptoms or radiographic abnormalities after active intervention in isolation point. INTERPRETATION: To ensure the safety of resumption of work, institutions should conduct COVID-19 prevention training for staff and screening for asymptomatic patients, and take quarantine measures as soon as possible in areas with high density of population. FUNDING: The Key Project for Anti-2019 novel Coronavirus Pneumonia from the Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Wuhan Emergency Technology Project of COVID-19 epidemic, China. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32954232/ doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100510 id: cord-344480-6tcush4w author: Zhou, Guangbiao title: Back to the spring of Wuhan: facts and hope of COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-03-14 words: 1558.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344480-6tcush4w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344480-6tcush4w.txt summary: The updated genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2 has been shared to the public, clinical trials are undergoing, and scientists from China and overseas are working together to combat this public health emergency. Epidemiological research priorities for public health control of the ongoing global novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding Therapeutic strategies in an outbreak scenario to treat the novel coronavirus originating in Wuhan, China. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-020-0758-9 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0758-9 id: cord-291583-1nxfh9yt author: Zhou, Hongmei title: Understanding the current status of patients with pulmonary hypertension during COVID-19 outbreak: a small-scale national survey from China date: 2020-05-18 words: 3365.0 sentences: 215.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291583-1nxfh9yt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291583-1nxfh9yt.txt summary: title: Understanding the current status of patients with pulmonary hypertension during COVID-19 outbreak: a small-scale national survey from China One-hundred twenty pulmonary hypertension patients and 23 family members participated in the survey; 64.8% (n = 87) participants came from Hubei, and others were from 15 other provinces; 98.6% (n = 141) participants were in home quarantine; 65.8% (n = 79) were pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease; and 76.7% (n = 92) patients proclaimed their heart function was well maintained at class I or II. To understand the status of PH patients during COVID-19 outbreak in China, the questions were designed to cover the following issues: (1) basic clinical information of the patients, including age, gender, medical history of PH, and current heart function; (2) physical and mental conditions associated with COVID-19; and (3) details of the medications they were using and requirements for medical care if any. abstract: Pulmonary hypertension is a chronic disease developing progressively with high mortality. Pulmonary hypertension patients need persistent medical care; however, limited reports focused on them when there was an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. This national survey was aimed to evaluate the overall condition of pulmonary hypertension patients during this period. A questionnaire regarding the living condition of pulmonary hypertension patients during coronavirus disease 2019 was designed by pulmonary hypertension diagnostic experts in Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital. Pulmonary hypertension patients and their family members were invited to participate in this survey online. One-hundred twenty pulmonary hypertension patients and 23 family members participated in the survey; 64.8% (n = 87) participants came from Hubei, and others were from 15 other provinces; 98.6% (n = 141) participants were in home quarantine; 65.8% (n = 79) were pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease; and 76.7% (n = 92) patients proclaimed their heart function was well maintained at class I or II. One (0.8%) patient was confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Two (1.7%) patients were hospitalized due to heart function worsening. Nearly 70% (n = 100) participants implied shortage in medications during coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak. A total of 24.2% (n = 29) patients indicated that medications were discontinued due to the insufficient supply. Most of the participants stayed optimistic on either coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak or their pulmonary hypertension disease, and 61.7% (n = 74) patients would go to the hospital for follow-up immediately after outbreak. These preliminary data show pulmonary hypertension patients are able to avoid severe disease when they are in home quarantine. Medication supplement is important for pulmonary hypertension patients when their heart function is well maintained. In addition, there might be increasing requirements of medical care for pulmonary hypertension patients after the outbreak. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32523686/ doi: 10.1177/2045894020924566 id: cord-305213-bt0qsbyf author: Zhou, Jian title: Epidemiological and clinical features of 201 COVID-19 patients in Changsha city, Hunan, China date: 2020-08-21 words: 2679.0 sentences: 148.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305213-bt0qsbyf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305213-bt0qsbyf.txt summary: The present study was conducted to report the clinical characteristics of 201 COVID-19 patients in Changsha, China, a city outside of Wuhan. In the past month, several studies [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] reported the epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients in Wuhan city. In the present study, we performed a comprehensive analysis to describe the clinical features, epidemiologic characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of 201 COVID-19 patients in Changsha, China, a city outside of Wuhan, and the differences of clinical features between ICU and non-ICU patients were analyzed. [11, 18] Several studies [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] reported the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients, providing information for SARS-CoV-2 evolution, infectivity, transmissibility, and pathogenicity. In this study, we reported a total of 201 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection outside of Wuhan, China. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China abstract: In December 2019, a cluster of coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The present study was conducted to report the clinical characteristics of 201 COVID-19 patients in Changsha, China, a city outside of Wuhan. All of the patients with confirmed COVID-19 were admitted to the First Hospital of Changsha City, the designated hospital for COVID-19 assigned by the Changsha City Government. The clinical and epidemiological characteristics, data of laboratory, radiological picture, treatment, and outcomes records of 201 COVID-19 patients were collected using electronic medical records. This study population consisted of 201 hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in Changsha by April 28, 2020. The median age of the patients was 45 years (IQR 34–59). About half (50.7%) of the patients were male, and most of the infected patients were staff (96 [47.8%]). Concerning the epidemiologic history, the number of patients linked to Wuhan was 92 (45.8%). The most common symptoms were fever (125 [62.2%]), dry cough (118 [58.7%]), fatigue (65 [32.3%]), and pharyngalgia (31 [15.4%]). One hundred and forty-four (71.6%) enrolled patients showed bilateral pneumonia. Fifty-four (26.9%) patients showed unilateral involvement, and three (1.5%) patients showed no abnormal signs or symptoms. The laboratory findings differed significantly between the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and non-ICU groups. Compared with non-ICU patients, ICU patients had depressed white blood cell (WBC), neutrocytes, lymphocytes, and prolonged prothrombin time (PT). Moreover, higher plasma levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), alanine aminotransferase (ALA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), creatinine (CREA), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were detected in the ICU group. In this single-center study of 201 COVID-19 patients in Changsha, China, 22.4% of patients were admitted to ICU. Based on our findings, we propose that the risk of cellular immune deficiency, hepatic injury, and kidney injury should be monitored. Previous reports focused on the clinical features of patients from Wuhan, China. With the global epidemic of COVID-19, we should pay more attention to the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients outside of Wuhan. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000021824 doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000021824 id: cord-287222-wojyisu0 author: Zhou, Min title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a clinical update date: 2020-04-02 words: 5683.0 sentences: 276.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287222-wojyisu0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287222-wojyisu0.txt summary: Of the first 99 laboratory-confirmed patients, 49 (49%) had been exposed to HSWM, which was reported to be the possible initial source of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) [5] . New Coronavirus Infection Diagnosis and Treatment Scheme (Trial Version) published by Military Support Hubei Medical Team also put forward that for mild to moderate COVID-19 patients, corticosteroids should not be given principally and highdose corticosteroid pulse therapy was not recommended. Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study Clinical pathology of critical patient with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has posed a significant threat to global health. It caused a total of 80 868 confirmed cases and 3101 deaths in Chinese mainland until March 8, 2020. This novel virus spread mainly through respiratory droplets and close contact. As disease progressed, a series of complications tend to develop, especially in critically ill patients. Pathological findings showed representative features of acute respiratory distress syndrome and involvement of multiple organs. Apart from supportive care, no specific treatment has been established for COVID-19. The efficacy of some promising antivirals, convalescent plasma transfusion, and tocilizumab needs to be investigated by ongoing clinical trials. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32240462/ doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0767-8 id: cord-328859-qx7kvn0u author: Zhu, Hongjun title: Transmission Dynamics and Control Methodology of COVID-19: a Modeling Study date: 2020-09-21 words: 6169.0 sentences: 368.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328859-qx7kvn0u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328859-qx7kvn0u.txt summary: Unfortunately, to our best knowledge, the existing models are based on the common assumption that the total population follows a homogeneous spatial distribution, which is not the case for the prevalence occurred both in the community and in hospital due to the difference in the contact rate. Using the model alongside the exclusive optimization algorithm, the spread process of COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan city is reproduced and then the propagation characteristics and unknown data are estimated. The remainder of the paper is structured as follows: Section 2 introduces the previous work; Section 3 defines the related terminology; Section 4 explains the SEIR-HC model in detail; Section 5 describes the two-step optimization for parameter estimation; Section 6 shows the analysis results, and finally, Section 7 states the conclusions. ( ) : number of outbound travellers every day in Wuhan at time t; : contact rate in the community; ℎ : contact rate in hospitals; ( ) : incidence rate of the exposed individuals who are infected days ago, which follows the Weibull distribution; abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has grown up to be a pandemic within a short span of time. To investigate transmission dynamics and then determine control methodology, we took epidemic in Wuhan as a study case. Unfortunately, to our best knowledge, the existing models are based on the common assumption that the total population follows a homogeneous spatial distribution, which is not the case for the prevalence occurred both in the community and in hospital due to the difference in the contact rate. To solve this problem, we propose a novel epidemic model called SEIR-HC, which is a model with two different social circles (i.e., individuals in hospital and community). Using the model alongside the exclusive optimization algorithm, the spread process of COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan city is reproduced and then the propagation characteristics and unknown data are estimated. The basic reproduction number of COVID-19 is estimated to be 7.9, which is far higher than that of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Furthermore, the control measures implemented in Wuhan are assessed and the control methodology of COVID-19 is discussed to provide guidance for limiting the epidemic spread. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32982019/ doi: 10.1016/j.apm.2020.08.056 id: cord-298857-4y5o2p44 author: Zhu, Jie title: Engaging the communities in Wuhan, China during the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-07-13 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: During the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, the lockdown of the densely-populated metropolis caused panic and disorderly behavior among its population. Community governance systems (CGSs) were mobilized to lead community engagement to address the challenges and issues brought about by the sudden quarantine measures, still unprecedented in any part of the world during that time. This commentary aims to describe and analyze the roles of the CGSs, its implementation of culturally-tailored strategies and the performance of new functions as called for by the outbreak. We will introduce the community governance structure which has two parallel administrative units of government including the branches of the Communist Party of China (CPC). The pandemic showed that the roles of the CGSs evolved and may continue to be improved in the future. It is important to engage the community and to have community-based approaches in addressing issues brought about by lockdowns. This community experience in Wuhan provides important lessons for the rest of the world. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41256-020-00162-3 doi: 10.1186/s41256-020-00162-3 id: cord-345724-6u9q0ox9 author: Zhu, Xiaolin title: Spatially Explicit Modeling of 2019-nCoV Epidemic Trend based on Mobile Phone Data in Mainland China date: 2020-02-11 words: 3829.0 sentences: 183.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345724-6u9q0ox9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345724-6u9q0ox9.txt summary: The aim of this study is to model the current dynamics of 2019-nCoV at city level and predict the trend in the next 30 days under three possible scenarios in mainland China. We used the trained model to predict the future dynamics up to March 12, 2020 under different scenarios: the current trend maintained, control efforts expanded, and person-to-person contact increased due to work resuming. Although these studies at the early stage of outbreak help us understand the key epidemiological characteristics of 2019-nCoV, the fine-scale and updated epidemic trend in individual Chinese cities remains unknown, which is more helpful for allocating medical resources to achieve the optimal result of preventing disease spreading. We predicted daily infected cases of each city up to March 12, 2020 under three different scenarios (scenario 1 -the current trend maintained; scenario 2 -control efforts expanded; and scenario 3 -person-to-person contacts increased due to work resuming). abstract: IAs of February 11, 2020, all prefecture-level cities in mainland China have reported confirmed cases of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), but the city-level epidemical dynamics is unknown. The aim of this study is to model the current dynamics of 2019-nCoV at city level and predict the trend in the next 30 days under three possible scenarios in mainland China. We developed a spatially explicit epidemic model to consider the unique characteristics of the virus transmission in individual cities. Our model considered that the rate of virus transmission among local residents is different from those with Wuhan travel history due to the self-isolation policy. We introduced a decay rate to quantify the effort of each city to gradually control the disease spreading. We used mobile phone data to obtain the number of individuals in each city who have travel history to Wuhan. This city-level model was trained using confirmed cases up to February 10, 2020 and validated by new confirmed cases on February 11, 2020. We used the trained model to predict the future dynamics up to March 12, 2020 under different scenarios: the current trend maintained, control efforts expanded, and person-to-person contact increased due to work resuming. We estimated that the total infections in mainland China would be 72172, 54348, and 149774 by March 12, 2020 under each scenario respectively. Under the current trend, all cities will show the peak point of daily new infections by February 21. This date can be advanced to February 14 with control efforts expanded or postponed to February 26 under pressure of work resuming. Except Wuhan that cannot eliminate the disease by March 12, our model predicts that 95.4%, 100%, and 75.7% cities will have no new infections by the end of February under three scenarios. The spatial pattern of our prediction could help the government allocate resources to cities that have a more serious epidemic in the next 30 days. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.09.20021360 doi: 10.1101/2020.02.09.20021360 id: cord-304165-4f84pc83 author: Zhuang, Zian title: Estimation of local novel coronavirus (COVID-19) cases in Wuhan, China from off-site reported cases and population flow data from different sources date: 2020-03-02 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Backgrounds: In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia hit Wuhan, Hubei Province, China and spread to the rest of China and overseas. The emergence of this virus coincided with the Spring Festival Travel Rush in China. It is possible to estimate total number of cases of COVID-19 in Wuhan, by 23 January 2020, given the cases reported in other cities and population flow data between cities. Methods: We built a model to estimate the total number of cases in Wuhan by 23 January 2020, based on the number of cases detected outside Wuhan city in China, with the assumption that if the same screening effort used in other cities applied in Wuhan. We employed population flow data from different sources between Wuhan and other cities/regions by 23 January 2020. The number of total cases was determined by the maximum log likelihood estimation. Findings: From overall cities/regions data, we predicted 1326 (95% CI: 1177, 1484), 1151 (95% CI: 1018, 1292) and 5277 (95% CI: 4732, 5859) as total cases in Wuhan by 23 January 2020, based on different source of data from Changjiang Daily newspaper, Tencent, and Baidu. From separate cities/regions data, we estimated 1059 (95% CI: 918, 1209), 5214 (95% CI: 4659, 5808) as total cases in Wuhan in Wuhan by 23 January 2020, based on different sources of population flow data from Tencent and Baidu. Conclusion: Sources of population follow data and methods impact the estimates of local cases in Wuhan before city lock down. Keyword: COVID-19; mobility; pneumonia; transportation; outbreaks url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.02.20030080 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.02.20030080 id: cord-297552-n4uvsi3v author: Zou, Li title: Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Disease Severity and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-08-13 words: 3435.0 sentences: 190.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297552-n4uvsi3v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297552-n4uvsi3v.txt summary: title: Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Disease Severity and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China Methods: In this retrospective study, we collected data from 121 COVID-19 cases confirmed by RT-PCR and next-generation sequencing in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 30, 2019, to March 23, 2020, and conducted statistical analysis. Our goal is to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of patients diagnosed with COVID-19, to compare the clinical characteristics of severe and non-severe cases, and to describe the potential risk factors for disease deterioration and death. We collected data including demographic information (age, gender, and address of usual residence), clinical characteristics (including medical history, comorbidities, symptoms, and signs), initial laboratory findings (hematologic, blood biochemicals, coagulation function, infection-related, and immune-related indices), and clinical outcomes (survival and death). abstract: Objective: To describe the clinical manifestations and outcomes of COVID-19, and explore the risk factors of deterioration and death of the disease. Methods: In this retrospective study, we collected data from 121 COVID-19 cases confirmed by RT-PCR and next-generation sequencing in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 30, 2019, to March 23, 2020, and conducted statistical analysis. Results: A total of 121 patients were included in our study, the median age was 65 years (IQR, 55.0–71.5 years), and 54.5% cases were men. Among those cases, 52 (43.0%) cases progressed to severe, and 14 (11.6%) died. Overall, the most common manifestations were fever (78.5%) and respiratory symptoms (77.7%), while neurological symptoms were found in only 9.9% of the patients. 70.2% of all the cases had comorbidities, including hypertension (40.5%) and diabetes (20.7%). On admission, cases usually show elevated levels of neutrophils (27.3%), D-dimer (72.6%), Interleukin-6 (35.2%), Interleukin-10 (64.4%), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (82.6%), and lactate dehydrogenase (62.0%), and decreased levels of lymphocytes (66.9%), CD3 cells (67.2%), and CD4 cells (63.0%). The proportional hazard Cox models showed that the risk factors for severity progression and death included comorbidities (HR: 4.53, 95% CI: 1.78–11.55 and HR: 7.81, 95% CI: 1.02–59.86), leukocytosis (HR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.05–1.22 and HR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.10–1.42), neutrophilia (HR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.07–1.13 and HR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.13–1.46, and elevated LDH (HR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.12–1.15 and HR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.10–1.12). Elevated D-dimer (HR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01–1.03), IL-6 (HR: 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00–1.02) and IL-10 levels (HR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01–1.07) were also risk factors for the progression of disease severity. Meanwhile, lymphopenia and wake immune responses [e.g., lower CD3, CD4, or CD19 counts (all HR < 1)] were associated with disease deterioration and death. Conclusions: Severe cases and death of COVID-19 are associated with older age, comorbidities, organ dysfunction, lymphopenia, high cytokines, and weak immune responses. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32903644/ doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00532 ==== make-pages.sh questions [ERIC WAS HERE] ==== make-pages.sh search /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/make-pages.sh: line 77: /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/tmp/search.htm: No such file or directory Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/tsv2htm-search.py", line 51, in with open( TEMPLATE, 'r' ) as handle : htm = handle.read() FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/tmp/search.htm' ==== make-pages.sh topic modeling corpus Zipping study carrel