# ent

id: cord-018106-5giapmcf
type: DISEASE
entity:
  depressive disorder posttraumatic stress disorder dissociative disorder obsessive compulsive disorder


id: cord-017367-15o6g57q
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Designing and Evaluating Intervention Plans Evaluating CDC Funded Health Department HIV Prevention Programs Occupational


id: cord-278379-wr8j6j36
type: ORG
entity:
  India Committee for Agriculture Implementation of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act Understanding


id: cord-309575-7orflz20
type: ORG
entity:
  Reuters Second Treatise of Government An Essay Concerning the True Original Extent and End of Civil Government On Liberty and


id: cord-018125-khhzlt9y
type: DNA
entity:
  Art date 2018 04 12 journal Managing Health Safety and Well Being DOI 10 1007 978 94 024 1261 1_1 sha 78a1bfaf604a3c0dcc574d8df3516596c6f149ac doc_id 18125 cord_uid khhzlt9y


id: cord-018125-khhzlt9y
type: ORG
entity:
  the Joint International Labour Organization ILO World Health Organization WHO Committee on Occupational Health


id: cord-018125-khhzlt9y
type: ORG
entity:
  Paris Organization for Economic Co Operation and Development Organization for Economic Co Operation and Development


id: cord-138021-9khfkyh7
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Reskilling Upgrading the Career Prospects of America s Low Wage Workers Workforce of the Future Initiative


id: cord-287361-cpd4yl6c
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Wounded Healer A Narrative Review of the Mental Health Effects of the COVID 19 Pandemic on Healthcare Workers


id: cord-258570-3n7jp0l0
type: ORG
entity:
  World Health Organization Task Force for Scaling Up Education and Training for Health Workers Global Health Workforce Alliance


id: cord-258570-3n7jp0l0
type: ORG
entity:
  Frontline Health Workers Coalition A Commitment to Community Health Workers Improving Data for Decision


id: cord-347898-appzi43a
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Status of Psychological Issues Among Frontline Health Workers Confronting the Coronavirus Disease 2019


id: cord-333509-dnuakd6h
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Hospitals Liabilities in Times of Pandemic Recalibrating the Legal Obligation to Provide Personal Protective Equipment to Healthcare Workers


id: cord-032269-zhk5fyfc
type: EVENT
entity:
  the Fintech Revolution Tax Me but Spend Wisely Sources of Public Finance and Government Accountability Informal Labour


id: cord-032269-zhk5fyfc
type: ORG
entity:
  the Dynamics of Participation in Community Associations Universal Basic Incomes versus Targeted Transfers Anti Poverty Programmes in Developing Countries Are Small Firms


id: cord-291302-dgpfmx7o
type: ORG
entity:
  the Ethics Committee for Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences S K1045


id: cord-023509-tvqpv6fp
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  tumour necrosis factor antagonists 42 43 44 48 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 The histological appearances may suggest extrinsic allergic alveolitis or sarcoidosis but the centri acinar


id: cord-023509-tvqpv6fp
type: DNA
entity:
  Sahara regions Sulla possibilita e sulla frequenza della silicosi pulmonare tra gli abitanti del deserto libico Simple siliceous pneumoconiosis


id: cord-023509-tvqpv6fp
type: ORG
entity:
  Committee of the Environmental and Occupational Health Assembly of the Committee of the Environmental and Occupational Health Assembly


id: cord-292409-hz5qj1fw
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  social health determinants 28 29 global disease burden 30 environmental aspects 31 32 sustainable development goals 33 34


id: cord-292409-hz5qj1fw
type: DNA
entity:
  ICD 11 50 International Classification of Nursing Practice CIPE 51 52 International Dietetics and Nutritional Terminology IDNT 53 and the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health ICF 54


id: cord-292409-hz5qj1fw
type: PRODUCT
entity:
  Workers Healthcare Assistance Model WHAM Development Validation and Assessment of Sustainable Return on Investment S


id: cord-292409-hz5qj1fw
type: ORG
entity:
  Federated Units Environment and Human Health Health Monitoring and Intervention Plan on Oil Industry Workers


id: cord-292409-hz5qj1fw
type: ORG
entity:
  Impact of a Comprehensive Worksite Wellness Program on Health Risk Utilization and Health Care Costs Periodontitis


id: cord-268285-g5yekx2f
type: GGP
entity:
  Saf Sci DOI 10 1016 j ssci 2020 105024 sha 6d9a9df3ab274361f82a685eaf49a24f1bc96930 doc_id 268285 cord_uid g5yekx2f OBJECTIVES An individual s perceptions of their workplace safety climate can influence their health and safety outcomes


id: cord-268285-g5yekx2f
type: ORG
entity:
  The General Social Survey Occupational Safety and Health Adminsitration OSHA 2020 Guidance for Preparing Workplaces for COVID 19


id: cord-323482-kk8iyavj
type: LAW
entity:
  the COVID 19 Epidemic in China Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms


id: cord-342185-2umby2l8
type: ORG
entity:
  the National Health Commission of China National Health Commission of the People s Republic of China 2020b


id: cord-332977-884z6qrq
type: ORG
entity:
  Occupational Tuberculosis Are Necessary but Not Sufficient Towards a Comprehensive Occupational Health Approach date


id: cord-332977-884z6qrq
type: ORG
entity:
  Health Care Facilities Congregate Settings and Households WHO Guidelines on Tuberculosis Infection Prevention


id: cord-332977-884z6qrq
type: ORG
entity:
  Health Workers through Strengthening Occupational Safety and Health Systems and Services ICOH Statement on Preventing TB


id: cord-353277-vd0etd38
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Antinomies of Successful Mobilization Colombian Recyclers Manoeuvre between Dispossession and Exploitation Development and Change Garbage Citizenship Vital Infrastructures of Labor


id: cord-353277-vd0etd38
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Echoes of Slavery Recognizing the Racist Origins of the Agricultural and Domestic Worker Exclusion


# bib

id: cord-011808-ev7qv94b
title: Frontline workers sound the alarm: be always sure you’re right, then go ahead
author: Sfeir, Maroun M
date: 2020-06-16
txt: ./txt/cord-011808-ev7qv94b.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-011808-ev7qv94b.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7337852/
doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa066
summary:
  Amid personal protective equipment shortage, clinicians, nurses, and other frontline workers across the world have faced threatening and/or firing for self-protection during this coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. On 30 December 2019, Dr Wenliang Li, a Chinese ophthalmologist at Wuhan Central Hospital, was the first medical professional who raised a concern in an online chatroom alarming the healthcare personnel of an outbreak related to a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like infection in seven inpatients admitted with severe respiratory tract infections after they visited the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan, China. 2 For instance, early during the pandemic and before the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended wearing face coverings in public settings on 3 April 2020, many clinicians and nurses in the USA confessed that they faced intimidation, threatening or termination for wearing self-supplied masks in the hospitals.

abstract:
  Amid personal protective equipment shortage, clinicians, nurses, and other frontline workers across the world have faced threatening and/or firing for self-protection during this coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This perspective describes the different challenges that the stressed and overworked frontline workers encounter when they raise concerns despite being right. It also highlights the importance of communication and appropriate execution upon hearing those concerns.


id: cord-017367-15o6g57q
title: Workplace Health Promotion Interventions ConcerningWomenWorkers'' Occupational Hazards
author: Polychronakis, Ioannis
date: 2008
txt: ./txt/cord-017367-15o6g57q.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-017367-15o6g57q.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121914/
doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-73038-7_3
abstract: nan
summary:
  While affected by many occupational hazards, some of which are cited in Table 3 .3, women working in the cleaning industry are also disadvantaged due to the fact that (Gavana, Tsoukana, Giannakopoulos, Smyrnakis, & Benos, 2005; Gyorkos et al., 2005; Nakazono, Nii-no, & Ishi, 1985; Skillen, Olson, & Gilbert, 2001; Valeur-Jensen et al., 1999) • Vascular problems (Kovess-Masfety, Sevilla-Dedieu, Rios-Seidel, Nerriere, & Chee, 2006) of the lower extremities due to extended standing (Sandmark, Wiktorin, Hogstedt, Klenell-Hatschek, & Vingard, 1999) in upright position • Voice disorders due to overuse of vocal chords Duff, Proctor, & Yairi, 2004; Kooijman et al., 2006; Kosztyla-Hojna, Rogowski, Ruczaj, Pepinski, & Lobaczuk-Sitnik, 2004; Roy, 1999; Sliwinska-Kowalska et al., 2006; Sulkowski & Kowalska, 2005; Thibeault, Merrill, Roy, Gray, & Smith, 2004; Williams, 2003) • Exposure to increased levels of noise (Behar et al., 2004) • Musculoskeletal problems (Fjellman-Wiklund, Brulin, & Sundelin, 2003; Sandmark, 2000; Yamamoto, Saeki, & Kurumatani, 2003) (handling and lifting small children in day care centres, physical education teachers, inadequate body posture) • Work-related stress (Fjellman-Wiklund et al., 2003; Zidkova & Martinkova, 2003) • Children''s or adolescent''s violent behavior (Lawrence & Green, 2005) 


id: cord-018106-5giapmcf
title: Mental Health Care for Survivors and Healthcare Workers in the Aftermath of an Outbreak
author: Levin, Jacqueline
date: 2019-05-16
txt: ./txt/cord-018106-5giapmcf.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-018106-5giapmcf.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122898/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-15346-5_11
summary:
  Similar findings have been reported in multiple studies indicating acute and persistently elevated stress levels as well as other emotional sequelae of healthcare workers during and after pandemic disease outbreaks [10] [11] [12] . A study of the psychological impact of the 2003 SARS outbreak on healthcare workers in Singapore found that support from supervisors and colleagues was a significant negative predictor for psychiatric symptoms and PTSD, in addition to clear communication of directives and precautionary measures which also helped reduce psychiatric symptoms [15] . Providing psychiatric care to survivors and healthcare workers in the aftermath of a pandemic outbreak is a complicated, but crucial, imperative in the service of reducing the burden of human suffering.

abstract:
  When pandemics sweep across communities, they leave behind tremendous suffering in their wake. It is not only the illness that becomes a pandemic, but the same can be inferred about fear, mourning, and despair. The reverberations of loss are felt in a multitude of ways by those left behind. Often times, the mental health issues of affected persons and entire communities do not receive the attention they deserve in the light of other competing, immediate needs imparted by the devastation of the pandemic. This chapter aims to develop strategies for providing psychiatric care to survivors and their families, in the aftermath of a pandemic outbreak. Lastly, special considerations in the application of psychopharmacological interventions are reviewed.


id: cord-018125-khhzlt9y
title: Work, Health, Safety and Well-Being: Current State of the Art
author: Jain, Aditya
date: 2018-04-12
txt: ./txt/cord-018125-khhzlt9y.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-018125-khhzlt9y.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122923/
doi: 10.1007/978-94-024-1261-1_1
summary:
  It revised the definition at its 12th session in 1995 to read as follows: occupational safety and health should aim at: the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations; the prevention amongst workers of departures from health caused by their working conditions; the protection of workers in their employment from risks resulting from factors adverse to health; the placing and maintenance of the worker in an occupational environment adapted to his physiological and psychological capabilities; and, to summarize, the adaptation of work to man and of each man to his job. Liberalization of world trade, rapid technological progress, significant developments in transport and communication, shifting patterns of employment, changes in work organization practices, the different employment patterns of men and women, and the size, structure and life cycles of enterprises and of new technologies can all generate new types and patterns of hazards, exposures and risks.

abstract:
  This introductory chapter will present a review of the current state of the art in relation to employee health, safety and well-being (HSW). The work environment and the nature of work itself are both important influences on HSW. A substantial part of the general morbidity of the population is related to work. It is estimated that workers suffer 270 million occupational accidents and 160 million occupational diseases each year. The chapter will first define HSW. It will then review the current state of the art by outlining key HSW issues in the contemporary world of work, identifying key needs. It will then discuss the evolution of key theoretical perspectives in this area by linking theory to practice and highlighting the need for aligning perspectives and integrating approaches to managing HSW in the workplace.


id: cord-018794-stcre6ol
title: Promoting Universal Coverage of Basic Public Services Among Urban Residents
author: Wang, Ning
date: 2014-12-31
txt: ./txt/cord-018794-stcre6ol.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-018794-stcre6ol.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123764/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-662-46324-6_10
summary:
  In 2013, it was made clear in the Report on the Work of the Government that relevant authorities should accelerate reform of the household registration system and related institutions; that they should register eligible rural workers as permanent urban residents in an orderly manner, "progressively expand the coverage of basic public services in urban areas to include all their permanent residents and create an equitable institutional environment for freedom of movement and for people to live and work in contentment." Accordingly, in order to protect the rights of migrants and improve the quality of the process of social urbanization in China, the most significant tasks involve investigating the current status of basic public services in Chinese towns and cities, especially the public services provided for potential new permanent migrant worker residents, and exploring methods to expand the coverage of these basic public services in urban areas to all their permanent residents.

abstract:
  In 2012, China’s urbanization rate reached 52.57 % but, if we counted only people with urban hukous, this was only 35.29 %; there were 263 million migrant workers in China, where they have already been playing a leading role in urbanization. Nonetheless, governments are still managing applications for new permanent urban residents’ registration, demanded by rural migrant workers, by using the long-established hukou-based public service policies. This has constituted a big obstacle to the citizenization of rural migrant workers in China, caused a great deal of problems with urban management, and is contrary to social justice. In 2013, it was made clear in the Report on the Work of the Government that relevant authorities should accelerate reform of the household registration system and related institutions; that they should register eligible rural workers as permanent urban residents in an orderly manner, “progressively expand the coverage of basic public services in urban areas to include all their permanent residents and create an equitable institutional environment for freedom of movement and for people to live and work in contentment.” Accordingly, in order to protect the rights of migrants and improve the quality of the process of social urbanization in China, the most significant tasks involve investigating the current status of basic public services in Chinese towns and cities, especially the public services provided for potential new permanent migrant worker residents, and exploring methods to expand the coverage of these basic public services in urban areas to all their permanent residents.


id: cord-023509-tvqpv6fp
title: Occupational, environmental and iatrogenic lung disease
author: Corrin, Bryan
date: 2011-03-02
txt: ./txt/cord-023509-tvqpv6fp.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-023509-tvqpv6fp.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7170212/
doi: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-3369-8.00007-0
abstract: nan
summary:
  As a general rule, exposure to silica dust extends over many years, often 20 or more, before the symptoms of silicosis first appear: by the time the disease becomes overt clinically, much irreparable damage has been inflicted on the lungs. Confusingly, the term ''acute silicosis'' has since been applied to a further effect of heavy dust exposure in tunnellers, sand blasters and silica flour workers, namely pulmonary alveolar lipoproteinosis (see below), 71, 72 whilst the terms ''accelerated silicosis'' or ''cellular phase silicosis'' have been substituted for ''acute silicosis'' in referring to the rapid development of early cellular lesions. Asbestosis is defined as diffuse interstitial fibrosis of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos dust. The finely divided fume of several metals is highly toxic to the lungs and capable of producing severe acute and chronic damage to both the conductive airways and the alveoli, resulting in acute tracheobronchitis and bronchiolitis, diffuse alveolar damage, obliterative bronchiolitis and pulmonary fibrosis.


id: cord-030335-esa9154w
title: Algorithmic Analysis of Blockchain Efficiency with Communication Delay
author: Pinzón, Carlos
date: 2020-03-13
txt: ./txt/cord-030335-esa9154w.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-030335-esa9154w.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7418124/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-45234-6_20
summary:
  First, a random network model is introduced (in the spirit of, e.g., and Erdös-Renyi [9] ) for specifying blockchains in terms of the speed of block production and communication delays for synchronization among workers. The algorithms are used to estimate the proportion of valid blocks that are produced during a fixed number of growth steps, based on the network model introduced in Section 3, for blockchains with fixed and unbounded number of workers. In general, although presented in this section for the specific purpose of measuring blockchain efficiency, these algorithms can be easily adapted to compute other metrics of interest, such as the speed of growth of the longest branch, the relation between confirmations of a block and the probability of being valid in the long term, or the average length of forks.

abstract:
  A blockchain is a distributed hierarchical data structure. Widely-used applications of blockchain include digital currencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum. This paper proposes an algorithmic approach to analyze the efficiency of a blockchain as a function of the number of blocks and the average synchronization delay. The proposed algorithms consider a random network model that characterizes the growth of a tree of blocks by adhering to a standard protocol. The model is parametric on two probability distribution functions governing block production and communication delay. Both distributions determine the synchronization efficiency of the distributed copies of the blockchain among the so- called workers and, therefore, are key for capturing the overall stochastic growth. Moreover, the algorithms consider scenarios with a fixed or an unbounded number of workers in the network. The main result illustrates how the algorithms can be used to evaluate different types of blockchain designs, e.g., systems in which the average time of block production can match the average time of message broadcasting required for synchronization. In particular, this algorithmic approach provides insight into efficiency criteria for identifying conditions under which increasing block production has a negative impact on the stability of a blockchain. The model and algorithms are agnostic of the blockchain’s final use, and they serve as a formal framework for specifying and analyzing a variety of non-functional properties of current and future blockchains.


id: cord-030957-45tc5ksf
title: The politics of precarity
author: Schaap, Andrew
date: 2020-08-28
txt: ./txt/cord-030957-45tc5ksf.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-030957-45tc5ksf.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7453180/
doi: 10.1057/s41296-020-00435-z
abstract: nan
summary:
  In the final chapters, Apostolidis explores how worker centres might also function synecdochally insofar as the purpose of association is construed not only instrumentally, as protection against the risks associated with precarity, but in terms of their constitutive potential to sustain convivial networks of political possibility for more mutually supportive, creative and pluralistic forms of solidarity than those afforded by traditional unionised spaces. Paul Apostolidis'' book The Fight for Time encapsulates a very similar kind of intellectual-political project as it also seeks to capture the self-understandings of migrant day labourers in their everyday struggles, to reflect on how they resonate with contemporary critical theoretical concepts and to learn how, taken together, these empirical and conceptual insights may lead us to a renewed vision of what a left politics might look like for our age.


id: cord-032269-zhk5fyfc
title: Social protection response to the COVID-19 crisis: options for developing countries
author: Gerard, François
date: 2020-08-29
txt: ./txt/cord-032269-zhk5fyfc.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-032269-zhk5fyfc.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7499734/
doi: 10.1093/oxrep/graa026
summary:
  These strategies could include expanding their social insurance system, building on existing social assistance programmes, and involving local governments and non-state institutions to identify and assist vulnerable groups who are otherwise harder to reach. Moreover, setting up a new job retention scheme might be logistically easier than setting up an unemployment insurance programme, as governments could use firms as intermediaries to channel the income support to their workers. Social insurance programmes will fail to reach a large share of households in developing countries, in particular those mostly active in the informal sector of the economy. A comprehensive social protection response could involve local governments and a range of non-state actors to collect better information on these unmet needs and to deliver targeted assistance. Government responses based on social insurance programmes may reach many formal employees and registered self-employed (although coarsely), but will miss the informal sector, which is an important part of developing countries'' workforce.

abstract:
  The public health response to COVID-19 in many countries has involved strict restrictions on movement and economic activity which threaten the livelihoods of economically vulnerable households. In response, governments are adopting emergency economic measures to provide households with some safety net. We provide an overview of the policies that could form a comprehensive social protection strategy in low-income and middle-income countries, with examples of specific policies that have been adopted. Our core argument is that these countries can cast an emergency safety net with extensive coverage if they use a broader patchwork of solutions than higher-income countries. These strategies could include expanding their social insurance system, building on existing social assistance programmes, and involving local governments and non-state institutions to identify and assist vulnerable groups who are otherwise harder to reach.


id: cord-035133-znbqpwgu
title: Health Workers on the Frontline Struggle for Health as a Social Common
author: Aye, Baba
date: 2020-11-10
txt: ./txt/cord-035133-znbqpwgu.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-035133-znbqpwgu.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7653442/
doi: 10.1057/s41301-020-00271-z
summary:
  ''Since the 1970s, neoliberal health and social welfare policies around the world shifted resources from the public to the private sector''. An increasing number of workers delivering health and social care in public health systems became fixedterm contract staff. There is a pressing need to go beyond the limited and feeble demonstrations of government''s turn to seeming consideration of health as a social common, and only so during emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic. Public Services International, the global trade union federation which brings together thirty million workers across the world, about half of which are in the health and social sector has called for ''rapid changes in policies….that put people and planet over profit''. Privatization and Pandemic: A Cross-Country Analysis of COVID-19 Rates and Health-Care Financing Structures

abstract:
  Through the lens of health workers’ concerns, the article interrogates the impact of the neoliberal turn of the 1980s on the loss of the ideal and pursuit of health as a social common. It highlights the Great Recession as a confirmation of the failure of the neoliberal project but notes that this the project continues with even greater frenzy. Capturing the dynamics which inhibit the World Health Organization, it calls for mass mobilization to reclaim health as a social common.


id: cord-138021-9khfkyh7
title: Does it Pay Off to Learn a New Skill? Revealing the Economic Benefits of Cross-Skilling
author: Stephany, Fabian
date: 2020-10-22
txt: ./txt/cord-138021-9khfkyh7.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-138021-9khfkyh7.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.11841v3.pdf
doi: nan
summary:
  This work examines the economic benefits of learning a new skill from a different domain: cross-skilling. Based on this skill network, relationships between 3,525 different skills are revealed and marginal effects of learning a new skill can be calculated via workers'' wages. The results indicate that the added economic value of learning a new skill strongly depends on the already existing skill bundle but that acquiring a skill from a different domain is often beneficial. As technological and social transformation is reshuffling jobs'' task profiles at a fast pace, the findings of this study help to clarify skill sets required for mastering new technologies and designing individual training pathways. Anderson constructs a human capital network of skills from online freelancers and shows that workers with diverse skills earn higher wages. The statistical analysis of diverse skill portfolios and wages of online workers allows an evaluation of the economic benefit of learning a new skill.

abstract:
  This work examines the economic benefits of learning a new skill from a different domain: cross-skilling. To assess this, a network of skills from the job profiles of 4,810 online freelancers is constructed. Based on this skill network, relationships between 3,525 different skills are revealed and marginal effects of learning a new skill can be calculated via workers' wages. The results indicate that the added economic value of learning a new skill strongly depends on the already existing skill bundle but that acquiring a skill from a different domain is often beneficial. Likewise, the data illustrate how to reveal valuable skills required for new and opaque technology domains, such as Artificial Intelligence. As technological and social transformation is reshuffling jobs' task profiles at a fast pace, the findings of this study help to clarify skill sets required for mastering new technologies and designing individual training pathways. This can help to increase employability and reduce labour market shortages.


id: cord-258570-3n7jp0l0
title: Community health workers in Ghana: the need for greater policy attention
author: Baatiema, Leonard
date: 2016-12-02
txt: ./txt/cord-258570-3n7jp0l0.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-258570-3n7jp0l0.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2016-000141
doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2016-000141
summary:
  We argue that CHWs have played critical roles in improving health service delivery and outcomes, including guinea worm eradication, expanded immunisation coverage, maternal and child health, and HIV/AIDS treatment and management. Despite the general consensus about the importance of CHWs among the global health community, health policy interventions to recognise and support optimal delivery of healthcare by CHWs are lacking, especially in LMICs. In Ghana, although a number of studies and reports have highlighted CHWs'' activities, 16 19 20 there is inadequate health policy support for them. Ambiguity further abounds in the mainstream literature on the characterisation of CHWs. 21 However, during the recent United States Agency for International Development (USAID) CHW Evidence Summit, there was some consensus that a CHW is "A health worker who receives standardized training outside the formal nursing or medical curricula to deliver a range of basic health, promotional, educational, and mobilization services and has a defined role within the community system and larger health system".

abstract:
  From the 1970s to the 1990s, the WHO, United Nations and other agencies mooted the idea of formally training and recognising community health workers (CHWs) to complement efforts to improve primary healthcare delivery in low and middle income countries. Recently, CHWs have been recognised as important players in the achievement of the health-related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Despite this recognition, little understanding exists in Ghana about the activities of CHWs: who they are; how they are recruited; what they do; level of health policy support; contribution to healthcare delivery and the challenges they face. Based on a rapid scoping review of the existing literature, and our experience working in Ghana, this paper reflects on the role of CHWs in healthcare delivery in Ghana. We argue that CHWs have played critical roles in improving health service delivery and outcomes, including guinea worm eradication, expanded immunisation coverage, maternal and child health, and HIV/AIDS treatment and management. However, these achievements notwithstanding, CHWs face challenges which prevent them from being optimally productive, including capacity problems, neglect by the healthcare system, high attrition rates and inadequate supervision. Policymakers in Ghana therefore need to give increased attention to CHWs, provide remuneration for their activities, create career opportunities and other means of motivations to boost their productivity and sustain gains associated with their activities.


id: cord-268285-g5yekx2f
title: The association between union membership and perceptions of safety climate among US adult workers
author: Le, Aurora B.
date: 2020-10-09
txt: ./txt/cord-268285-g5yekx2f.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-268285-g5yekx2f.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925753520304215
doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2020.105024
summary:
  Linear regression explored the association between union membership and perceptions of safety climate, controlling for age, sex, education, industry, resource adequacy, supervisor support, co-worker support, and workload. To address this gap in the literature, the objective of this study was to examine the association between union membership and perceptions of workplace safety climate in US adult workers, using data from the General Social Survey (GSS) Quality of Worklife (QWL) Module. A linear regression model was conducted to examine the associations between union membership and perceived safety climate, controlling for the covariates pertaining to perceived safety climate (resource adequacy, supervisor support, co-worker support, workload) and sociodemographic factors (age, sex, education, industry). A secondary data analysis was conducted using the General Social Survey Quality of Worklife module to address the gap on the limited amount of research conducted in this area using a nationally representative sample to explore the relationship between union membership and perceptions of safety climate.

abstract:
  OBJECTIVES: An individual’s perceptions of their workplace safety climate can influence their health and safety outcomes in the workplace. Even though union membership has been declining in the US, union members still comprise 10% of the working population and have higher-than-industry average non-fatal illness and injury rates. Due to limited research focused in this area, this study examined whether union membership was associated with worker perceptions of safety climate. METHODS: This was a secondary data analysis study utilizing data from the Quality Work Life module from the General Social Survey centered on US workers aged 18 and above. Propensity-score matching was implemented to reduce potential selection bias between unionized and non-unionized workers. Linear regression explored the association between union membership and perceptions of safety climate, controlling for age, sex, education, industry, resource adequacy, supervisor support, co-worker support, and workload. RESULTS: For perceived safety climate (on a 0–16 scale, the higher the more positive), those in union had a lower mean of perceived safety climate (12.44) compared to those not in a union (13.20). Based on the regression results, those who were in a union reported more negative perceptions of their workplace safety climate in a 12-month period (β = −0.61, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: By demonstrating a commitment to proactive injury prevention and bolstering the business’s overall safety performance indicators, businesses who are open to collaborations with unions may see some long-term benefits (e.g. return on investment, increased job satisfaction) and enhance union workers’ perceptions of safety climate.


id: cord-272195-c4xypzdx
title: COVID-19 stressors on migrant workers in Kuwait: cumulative risk considerations
author: Alahmad, Barrak
date: 2020-07-08
txt: ./txt/cord-272195-c4xypzdx.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-272195-c4xypzdx.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002995
doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002995
summary:
  Local authorities and employers must act quickly to stop the spread, ensure easy access to testing and treatment, provide adequate housing and clear communication, encourage wide social support, safeguard financial protection and mental well-being and continuously re-evaluate the situation as more data are collected. 1 In many countries, migrant workers are recognised as one of the most vulnerable subpopulations, as they: (1) often are excluded from protections provided by public policies; (2) frequently take precarious jobs with less pay and longer hours; (3) often work in unsafe working conditions with little occupational safety and health (OSH) training; and (4) grapple with major cultural and language barriers. 5 6 This work investigates the multiple stressors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic on migrant workers by applying a holistic CRA framework, using Kuwait as an example. Migrant workers who are in non-essential businesses that remain closed could Figure 1 A cumulative risk assessment framework for occupational health and safety with four overlapping domains described by Fox et al.

abstract:
  As a marginalised subpopulation, migrant workers often fall short from protection by public policies, they take precarious jobs with unsafe working and living conditions and they grapple with cultural and linguistic barriers. In light of the current COVID-19 pandemic, migrant workers are now exposed to additional stressors of the virus and related responses. We applied a comprehensive qualitative cumulative risk assessment framework for migrant workers living in Kuwait. This pandemic could be one of the few examples where the stressors overlap all domains of migrant workers’ lives. No single intervention can solve all the problems; there must be a set of interventions to address all domains. Local authorities and employers must act quickly to stop the spread, ensure easy access to testing and treatment, provide adequate housing and clear communication, encourage wide social support, safeguard financial protection and mental well-being and continuously re-evaluate the situation as more data are collected.


id: cord-274628-xu18zf4l
author: Ros, Maxime
date: 2020-05-21
txt: ./txt/cord-274628-xu18zf4l.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-274628-xu18zf4l.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S026069172030811X
doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104479
summary:
  METHODS: In order to address this need, we created a downloadable pedagogical video content through first-person point-of-view to rapidly train users on COVID-19 procedures in the Revinax® Handbook mobile App. Eight new tutorials were designed through this technology platform to assist healthcare workers/responders caring for COVID-19 patients. This is also consistent with the social distance requirements to reduce unnecessary close proximity of a formal in-person educational classroom in order to educate and train students as well as J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f communication sought to provide COVID-19 healthcare workers/responders a means to rapidly create educational content that can be deployed (i.e., at any time including just before any medical/surgical procedure) adequately, efficiently, and meaningfully to best alleviate the issues faced by hospitals, health-care workers/responders, and patients.

title:
  Increasing global awareness of timely COVID-19 healthcare guidelines through FPV training tutorials: Portable public health crises teaching method

abstract:
  INTRODUCTION: The current COVID-19 pandemic has prompted a timely response from the healthcare system train a large and diverse group of healthcare workers/responders swiftly. METHODS: In order to address this need, we created a downloadable pedagogical video content through first-person point-of-view to rapidly train users on COVID-19 procedures in the Revinax® Handbook mobile App. Eight new tutorials were designed through this technology platform to assist healthcare workers/responders caring for COVID-19 patients. A survey was then sent to assess their interest. RESULTS: In one-month since the App was created, it was downloaded by 12,516 users and a feedback survey determined that the users valued the tutorials in helping them learn COVID-19 procedures efficiently in real-time. The fast-growing number of downloads and positive user feedback evidences that we created a valuable educational tool with an emergent- and growing-demand. DISCUSSION: The 71.48% App user response rate, showed largely positive feedback of the COVID-19 tutorial. The fact that these healthcare workers/responders took the time to complete the survey during a pandemic was indicative of its immediate value. Further, the App users indicated that they FPV tutorial was rather helpful in addressing their training needs regarding their roles in COVID-19 patient care during the pandemic. CONCLUSION: The tutorials were deployed to offer efficient and rapid global public health educational outreach as a tool to address COVID-19 healthcare training in a timely manner.


id: cord-278379-wr8j6j36
title: MGNREGA in the Times of COVID-19 and Beyond: Can India do More with Less?
author: Vasudevan, Gayathri
date: 2020-09-08
txt: ./txt/cord-278379-wr8j6j36.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-278379-wr8j6j36.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32921943/
doi: 10.1007/s41027-020-00247-0
summary:
  This paper makes a case for reorienting a small portion of MGNREGA spending to create micro-entrepreneurs out of the ''reverse migrating'' masons, electricians, plumbers and others in rural areas who can directly contribute to augmenting health and sanitization infrastructure in the likely new normal. We propose approval of a new work type for sanitization works without any hard asset creation under MGNREGA and roping in the private sector for its project management skills to quickly skill up the returning migrants as well as to match work with workers on an ongoing basis. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (referred to as MGNREGA 1 hereafter) was introduced by Government of India in 2005 to target causes of chronic poverty through the ''works'' (projects) that are undertaken, and thus ensuring sustainable development for all.

abstract:
  Covid-19 has ushered in a renewed focus on health, sanitisation and, in unexpected ways, on the need for productive employment opportunities in rural India. MGNREGA, the rural employment guarantee programme, has had a mixed track record in terms of providing adequate employment to those who need it the most, the quality of asset creation and adequacy of wages offered. This paper makes a case for reorienting a small portion of MGNREGA spending to create micro-entrepreneurs out of the ‘reverse migrating’ masons, electricians, plumbers and others in rural areas who can directly contribute to augmenting health and sanitization infrastructure in the likely new normal. This will provide relief to those whose livelihoods have been severely impacted and eventually lower dependence on public finances. We propose approval of a new work type for sanitization works without any hard asset creation under MGNREGA and roping in the private sector for its project management skills to quickly skill up the returning migrants as well as to match work with workers on an ongoing basis.


id: cord-278996-9lady4pc
author: Callander, Denton
date: 2020-06-26
txt: ./txt/cord-278996-9lady4pc.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-278996-9lady4pc.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32591488/
doi: 10.1136/sextrans-2020-054550
summary:
  Methods This study made use of an existing database of deidentified data extracted from the online profiles maintained by male sex workers on a large, international website. Methods This study made use of an existing database of deidentified data extracted from the online profiles maintained by male sex workers on a large, international website. 20 The online profiles of male sex workers provide a powerful source of data that can be used to investigate the sociobehavioural effects of COVID-19, building on existing methods developed to study HIV and STI-related behaviours and norms among those involved with sex work. To assess the effects of COVID-19 on male sex work online, the following measures were calculated for each month of data collection: (1) number of active profiles, (2) number of new profiles, (3) number of inactive profiles, (4) the average number of visits per profile per day, and (5) proportion of profiles offering virtual sexual services (eg, webcamming, phone sex).

title:
  Investigating the effects of COVID-19 on global male sex work populations: a longitudinal study of digital data

abstract:
  OBJECTIVES: Recommendations of ‘social distancing’ and home quarantines to combat the global COVID-19 pandemic have implications for sex and intimacy, including sex work. This study examined the effects of COVID-19 on male sex work globally and investigated how men who sold sex responded to and engaged with the virus in the context of work. METHODS: This study made use of an existing database of deidentified data extracted from the online profiles maintained by male sex workers on a large, international website. Website engagement metrics were calculated for the periods before (September to December 2019) and during COVID-19 (January to May 2020); Poisson regression analyses were used to assess changes over time before and after, while a content analysis was undertaken to identify modes of engagement with the virus. RESULTS: Data were collected from 78 399 profiles representing 19 388 individuals. In the ‘before’ period, the number of active profiles was stable (inter-rate ratio (IRR)=1.01, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.01, p=0.339) but during COVID-19 decreased by 26.3% (IRR=0.90, 95% CI 0.89 to 0.91, p<0.001). Newly created profiles also decreased during COVID-19 (59.4%; IRR=0.71, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.74, p<0.001) after a period of stability. In total, 211 unique profiles explicitly referenced COVID-19; 185 (85.8%) evoked risk reduction strategies, including discontinuation of in-person services (41.2%), pivoting to virtual services (38.9%), COVID-19 status disclosure (20.9%), enhanced sanitary and screening requirements (12.3%) and restricted travel (5.2%). Some profiles, however, seemed to downplay the seriousness of COVID-19 or resist protective measures (14.7%). CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the contention that COVID-19 has dramatically impacted the sex industry; globally, male sex workers may be facing considerable economic strain. Targeted education and outreach are needed to support male sex workers grappling with COVID-19, including around the most effective risk reduction strategies. Those involved with the sex industry must have access to state-sponsored COVID-19 financial and other aid programmes to support individual and public health.


id: cord-280055-5iwo6tlb
title: The lose-lose dilemmas of Barcelona’s platform delivery workers in the age of COVID-19
author: Vieira, Tiago
date: 2020-12-31
txt: ./txt/cord-280055-5iwo6tlb.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-280055-5iwo6tlb.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2590291120300486
doi: 10.1016/j.ssaho.2020.100059
summary:
  COMPANY -dealing with aspects of the relation with the companies (mainly doubts and complaints shared among peers, before/instead of addressing the company itself); LABOR RHYTHM -related to the ongoing movement of demands made by clients (usually to assess if low levels of requests were an individual situation or a broader issue); POLICE/SECURITY -shared information about (past or present) police controls and other aspects that could jeopardize the security of PDW, such as requests for delivery of illicit substances; RENTED ACCOUNTS -information on accounts to be rented (essentially from people procuring them, but also some advertising and some doubts'' clarification); STATE -discussion all aspects related to the relation of PDW with the state, mainly: the decision of the state of emergency, its renewal and its implications, and clarification of doubts on issues related with taxes and social security; COVID -information and debate of news and concerns directly related to COVID-19 (the evolution of numbers, who is to blame, what measures to take to reduce of the possibility of being infected); SERVICES -advertisement, sharing or procurement of services, disregard how work-related they are: second-hand backpacks, bikes'' workshops, flats for rent, cigarettes, fuel, videogames or even direct requests to workers seeking to avoid the fees charged by the apps; OTHER -jokes, memes, motivational messages of various sorts.

abstract:
  The abrupt lockdown experienced by a big part of the world population due to the COVID-19 pandemic has bestowed upon home delivery services an unexpected importance. Officially considered amongst “essential services”, their workers circulate freely while most people are advised (when not forced) to stay in their homes. The present paper explores how this context helps to shed light on the precarious situation of the majority of the platform delivery workers (PDW). This is done through in-depth, semi-structured interviews and digital ethnography of the interactions within a WhatsApp group. The main finding is that the COVID-19 context deepened the precarization of the PDW confronting them with four dilemmas from which there is no way out.


id: cord-280561-2t72q2ba
title: Platform Work and the COVID-19 Pandemic
author: Rani, Uma
date: 2020-10-06
txt: ./txt/cord-280561-2t72q2ba.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-280561-2t72q2ba.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41027-020-00273-y
doi: 10.1007/s41027-020-00273-y
summary:
  The Online Labour Index (OLI), 2 which tracks workers and all the projects and tasks posted on the five largest English-language online web-based labour platforms, shows that since the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, the demand for such tasks declined globally in March 2020 before picking up by the end of April 2020 (see Fig. 1 ). In India, in contrast, both online work demand and labour supply increased in April 2020, after a slight decline during mid-March (see Fig. 3a , b). Other occupations such as creative media and clerical activities picked up in mid-May. It is possible that with the decline in revenues many companies in India are looking at online labour platforms as a substitute for on-site work (Stephany et al. Workers engaged in location-based platforms such as those providing delivery or taxi services are particularly at risk due to the nature of their work as they cannot always ensure social distancing.

abstract:
  Platform business models emerged with the growth of the Internet in the 1990s and are conceptualized as two- or multi-sided markets, as they facilitate exchange between service providers, clients (business) and workers. This article focuses on the impact of COVID-19 on digital labour platforms, such as freelance online web-based platforms and location-based platforms (transportation and delivery platforms), which have grown exponentially over the past decade. The COVID-19 pandemic exposed immediately some of the vulnerabilities that the workers in the platform economy were facing as they were declared as part of the ‘emergency services’, and this note explores their conditions during the pandemic.


id: cord-287361-cpd4yl6c
author: Ng, Qin Xiang
date: 2020-06-20
txt: ./txt/cord-287361-cpd4yl6c.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-287361-cpd4yl6c.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102258
doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102258
abstract: nan
summary:
  Expectedly, there have been increasing reports of high rates of anxiety and depressive symptoms amongst frontline medical staff (Lai et al., 2020; Tan et al., 2020) , and calls for healthcare workers involved in the fight against COVID-19 to receive screening and counselling by professional mental health providers. A rapid review of the PubMed and Google Scholar databases using the text words, "COVID-19" OR "nCoV" OR "SARS" OR "SARS-CoV-2" AND "mental health" OR "psychiatry" OR "psychology", "anxiety" OR "depression" OR "stress", up to 5 May, 2020, we found ten observational studies on the mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers. -Levels of social support for medical staff were significantly associated with self-efficacy and sleep quality and negatively associated with the level of anxiety and stress. The effects of social support on sleep quality of medical staff treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19

title:
  The Wounded Healer: A Narrative Review of the Mental Health Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Workers


id: cord-288591-upnqi1f7
title: Sex workers must not be forgotten in the COVID-19 response
author: Platt, Lucy
date: 2020-05-15
txt: ./txt/cord-288591-upnqi1f7.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-288591-upnqi1f7.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0140673620310333
doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31033-3
abstract: nan
summary:
  As countries maintain or adjust public health measures, emergency legislation, and economic policies in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, there is an urgent need to protect the rights of, and to support, the most vulnerable members of society. As with all aspects of health, the ability of sex workers to protect themselves against COVID-19 depends on their individual and interpersonal behaviours, their work environment, the availability of community support, access to health and social services, and broader aspects of the legal and economic environment. 16 Sex worker organisations have rapidly responded to COVID-19 by circulating hardship funds; helping with financial relief applications; advocating for governments to include sex workers in the pandemic response; calling for basic labour rights to facilitate safer working conditions; and providing health and safety guidance for those moving online or unable to stop direct services.


id: cord-289802-svkssyk6
title: From inequity to inclusive prosperity: The corporate role
author: Mirvis, Philip H.
date: 2020-06-27
txt: ./txt/cord-289802-svkssyk6.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-289802-svkssyk6.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2020.100773
doi: 10.1016/j.orgdyn.2020.100773
abstract: nan
summary:
  Its chairman emeritus and former CEO, Peter Brabeck-Letmathe states, "We believe that the true test of a business is whether it creates value for society over the long term." Over the past fifteen years the company has helped cocoa and dairy farmers in Africa and Latin America to adopt more productive and sustainable agricultural practices and promoted local cluster development among smallholders in Organizational Dynamics (2019) xxx, xxx-xxx ScienceDirect j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . But corporate values and culture also play a role and select companies are taking affirmative and data-based steps recruit and hire for diversity, equalize pay and promotion rates across different "classes" of employees, and redress economic inequities in society.


id: cord-291302-dgpfmx7o
author: Cao, Jinya
date: 2020-03-30
txt: ./txt/cord-291302-dgpfmx7o.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-291302-dgpfmx7o.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32224612/
doi: 10.1159/000507453
abstract: nan
summary:
  title: A Study of Basic Needs and Psychological Wellbeing of Medical Workers in the Fever Clinic of a Tertiary General Hospital in Beijing during the COVID-19 Outbreak On the same day, a special 24-h fever clinic was set up in the Emergency Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH). Doctors and nurses for this fever clinic were handpicked by the Emergency Department based on their experience and their adaptability and tenacity under pressure shown in their past works. Thus, a hotline service was set up by the Department of Psychological Medicine, from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. every day, to talk with medical workers about their feelings, provide support and understanding, and help them find emotional resources. Psychological impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome on health workers in a tertiary hospital We would like to thank all the medical workers for agreeing to participate in our study and for their great work in the fever clinic.

title:
  A Study of Basic Needs and Psychological Wellbeing of Medical Workers in the Fever Clinic of a Tertiary General Hospital in Beijing during the COVID-19 Outbreak


id: cord-292409-hz5qj1fw
author: Viterbo, Lilian Monteiro Ferrari
date: 2020-04-30
txt: ./txt/cord-292409-hz5qj1fw.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-292409-hz5qj1fw.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32365961/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17093143
summary:
  In this context, it is necessary to discuss a model of assistance in occupational health that is capable of reviewing the central characteristics of the biomedical healthcare assistance model, including: (i) organization of practices focused on the identification of signs and symptoms and the treatment of diseases, with health promotion not being a priority; (ii) assistance is organized based on individual spontaneous demand, with an emphasis on specialization and the use of hard technologies; (iii) the work is developed in a fragmented, hierarchical manner and with inequality across different professional categories; (iv) difficulty in implementing the integrated care due to the lack of understanding of the individual as a multidimensional human being, as well as the lack of communication and integration between the services involved; (v) health planning is seldom used as a management tool; (vi) the training of health professionals is specialized, based on the hegemony of scientific knowledge; and (vii) themes such as interdisciplinary, people-centered care, attachment, and welcoming are not prioritized.

title:
  Workers’ Healthcare Assistance Model (WHAM): Development, Validation, and Assessment of Sustainable Return on Investment (S-ROI)

abstract:
  The present study aimed to present and validate the Worker´s Healthcare Assistance Model (WHAM), which includes an interdisciplinary approach to health risk management in search of integral and integrated health, considering economic sustainability. Through the integration of distinct methodological strategies, WHAM was developed in the period from 2011 to 2018, in a workers’ occupational health centre in the oil industry in Bahia, Brazil. The study included a sample of 965 workers, 91.7% of which were men, with a mean age of 44.9 years (age ranged from 23 to 73 years). The Kendall rank correlation coefficient and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were used for the validation of WHAM. The assessment of sustainable return on investment (S-ROI) was made using the WELLCAST ROI™ decision support tool, covering workers with heart disease and diabetes. WHAM can be considered an innovative healthcare model, as there is no available comparative model. WHAM is considered robust, with 86% health risk explanatory capacity and with an 85.5% S-ROI. It can be concluded that WHAM is a model capable of enhancing the level of workers’ health in companies, reducing costs for employers and improving the quality of life within the organization.


id: cord-300095-a94j7vz4
title: Mental health and holistic care of migrant workers in Singapore during the COVID-19 pandemic
author: Chan, Lai Gwen
date: 2020-08-11
txt: ./txt/cord-300095-a94j7vz4.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-300095-a94j7vz4.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33110532/
doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.020332
abstract: nan
summary:
  When news broke in early April 2020 about the gazetting of 2 large migrant worker dormitories as isolation areas because of clusters of confirmed COVID-19 cases there [5] , HealthServe anticipated the unprecedented magnitude of mental health and psychosocial care needs and stepped forwards with a manual of recommendations on how to engage the migrant worker population as well as how to address the mental health and psychosocial care needs (an adaptation and application of the Interim Briefing Note Mental health and holistic care of migrant workers in Singapore during the COVID-19 pandemic This paper describes a collaborative model between a Non-Governmental Organization and other governmental and healthcare stakeholders in addressing mental health and holistic care of migrant workers, as well as how the model evolved as more real-time experience about this population''s needs and responses were gained.


id: cord-305439-vca203wo
title: Labouring geography: Negotiating scales, strategies and future directions
author: Tufts, Steven
date: 2009-11-30
txt: ./txt/cord-305439-vca203wo.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-305439-vca203wo.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32226098/
doi: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2009.10.006
summary:
  Castree (2007) , Lier (2007) , and Ward (2007) have all provided some useful reflection on what future labour geographies might entail in order to remain theoretically relevant to contemporary questions of work, employment, and labour organization. Indeed, Wills (2009) in a recent keynote address differentiated labour geography approaches which illuminate the agency of workers from those that still emphasize the power of neoliberal capital to shape global economic production (defined as the political economy of work). Despite what we see as a need for more research in this area, there are a number of new and important directions in uncovering the role workers and their organizations play in the continued segregation of labour markets and the reproduction of exclusion around such identities as race, gender, ethnicity, and sexuality. As hinted at above, we do not see this as a problem as it would be hard to see any cohesive labour geography project which accommodated research approaches seeking to discipline the agency or workers against capital.

abstract:
  Abstract In our editorial introduction to this themed issue on labour geography, we outline some important on-going debates in the relatively young field of labour geography and suggest future directions for research. First, there is the key question of labour as an active agent in the production of economic landscapes. The agency of labour will likely remain a defining feature of labour geography, but perhaps it is not as important to construct theoretical analytical boundaries as it is to define labour geography as a political project. Second, debates continue surrounding the production of scale and the multiscalarity of organized labour. Third, labour geographers have yet to engage in any sustained fashion with unpacking the complex identities of workers and the way in which those identities simultaneously are shaped by and shape the economic and cultural landscape. Fourth, there is some debate on the costs and benefits of a ‘normative’ labour geography which emphasizes what workers and their organizations ‘could’ or even ‘should’ do. Lastly, we challenge the assumption that labour geographers have not yet asserted themselves as activists in their own right. We conclude the editorial by introducing the articles included in the issue. While these articles may not address every gap in the literature, they do contribute in significant ways to move the labour geography project forward.


id: cord-309575-7orflz20
title: COVID-19 Mask Requirements as a Workers’ Rights Issue: Parallels to Smoking Bans
author: Vuolo, Mike
date: 2020-07-16
txt: ./txt/cord-309575-7orflz20.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-309575-7orflz20.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749379720302907?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.07.001
abstract: nan
summary:
  Indeed, this point was summarized well by Craig Jelinek, President and CEO of Costco, who stated, "This is not simply a matter of personal choice; a face covering protects not just the wearer, but others too… and our employees are on the front lines." 9 Similar to smoking inside retail shops, restaurants, or public transportation, today''s mask-less patron impedes workers'' rights to safe and healthy occupational environments in addition to posing risks to other patrons. Although a mask refuser or smoker might argue that other patrons could simply frequent mask-wearing/smoke-free establishments, or even not go out at all, such logic neglects workplace rights and risks to workers'' health. Although smoke-free policies are not universal in restaurants and bars (contested locations for mask wearing as well), existing smoking bans offer a clear precedent-a precedent wherein worker''s rights to a healthy work environment ultimately take precedence over patrons'' preferences.


id: cord-316972-5jtd5ytz
author: Zhang, Wen-rui
date: 2020-04-09
txt: ./txt/cord-316972-5jtd5ytz.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-316972-5jtd5ytz.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1159/000507639
doi: 10.1159/000507639
summary:
  Mental health variables were assessed via the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Symptom Check List-revised (SCL-90-R), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), which included a 2-item anxiety scale and a 2-item depression scale (PHQ-2). Among medical health workers, having organic disease was an independent factor for insomnia, anxiety, depression, somatization, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p < 0.05 or 0.01). Among nonmedical health workers, having organic disease was a risk factor for insomnia, depression, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p < 0.01 or 0.05). Medical health workers during the COVID-19 epidemic had high prevalence rates of severe insomnia, anxiety, depression, somatization, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Our report found potential risk factors for medical health workers to develop insomnia, anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and somatization. Independent factors (i.e., currently having organic disease, living in rural areas, being at risk of contact with COVID-19 patients in hospitals, or being female) were common risk factors for insomnia, anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms among medical health workers.

title:
  Mental Health and Psychosocial Problems of Medical Health Workers during the COVID-19 Epidemic in China

abstract:
  OBJECTIVE: We explored whether medical health workers had more psychosocial problems than nonmedical health workers during the COVID-19 outbreak. METHODS: An online survey was run from February 19 to March 6, 2020; a total of 2,182 Chinese subjects participated. Mental health variables were assessed via the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Symptom Check List-revised (SCL-90-R), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), which included a 2-item anxiety scale and a 2-item depression scale (PHQ-2). RESULTS: Compared with nonmedical health workers (n = 1,255), medical health workers (n = 927) had a higher prevalence of insomnia (38.4 vs. 30.5%, p < 0.01), anxiety (13.0 vs. 8.5%, p < 0.01), depression (12.2 vs. 9.5%; p< 0.04), somatization (1.6 vs. 0.4%; p < 0.01), and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (5.3 vs. 2.2%; p < 0.01). They also had higher total scores of ISI, GAD-2, PHQ-2, and SCL-90-R obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p ≤ 0.01). Among medical health workers, having organic disease was an independent factor for insomnia, anxiety, depression, somatization, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p < 0.05 or 0.01). Living in rural areas, being female, and being at risk of contact with COVID-19 patients were the most common risk factors for insomnia, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and depression (p < 0.01 or 0.05). Among nonmedical health workers, having organic disease was a risk factor for insomnia, depression, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p < 0.01 or 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: During the COVID-19 outbreak, medical health workers had psychosocial problems and risk factors for developing them. They were in need of attention and recovery programs.


id: cord-322293-x4ccpvkn
title: Humanitarian Aid Workers
author: Lachish, Tamar
date: 2018-11-26
txt: ./txt/cord-322293-x4ccpvkn.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-322293-x4ccpvkn.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780323546966000355
doi: 10.1016/b978-0-323-54696-6.00035-5
summary:
  This group is different from typical travelers because they tend to travel for longer periods, 9, 10 work in close proximity to local populations, and practice high-risk professions (medical work, peacekeeping missions, security, drivers, etc.) in low-resource environments that have poor infrastructures. This contrasts significantly with the many other volunteers sent on behalf of small, sometimes very inexperienced NGOs. Additional data may be extrapolated from few publications that focus on expatriates, long-term travelers, or others focusing on aid workers from different organizations. Traveling to areas following natural disasters or to areas with ongoing violent conflict is common, as is engaging in high-risk work such as peacekeeping missions, security, or medical care where there is little infrastructure. Humanitarian aid workers (HAWs) typically travel for extended periods, work in close proximity to local populations, and work in high-risk environments in low-resource regions. Humanitarian aid workers (HAWs) typically travel for extended periods, work in close proximity to local populations, and work in high-risk environments in low-resource regions.

abstract:
  Traveling to extreme environments for humanitarian aid mission is now common. Humanitarian aid workers (HAWs) typically travel for extended periods, work in close proximity to local populations, and work in high-risk environments in low-resource regions. Owing to the nature of their work, HAWs are often unable to avoid high-risk behaviors and frequently encounter stressful conditions, leading to psychologic repercussions. Although morbidity might be high, death during volunteer missions is not common and it is usually not attributable to infectious diseases. Medical evacuations are also not common. One unique aspect of ill-returning HAWs might be their threat to public health in their home countries, as was demonstrated in the 2014–2015 Ebola outbreak in West Africa. Thus pretravel and posttravel physical and psychologic screening evaluations, in addition to routine health care, are essential for this population.


id: cord-323482-kk8iyavj
author: Muller, Researcher Ashley Elizabeth
date: 2020-09-01
txt: ./txt/cord-323482-kk8iyavj.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-323482-kk8iyavj.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113441
doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113441
summary:
  We performed a rapid systematic review to identify, assess and summarize research on the mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic on HCWs (healthcare workers). Our main aim was to perform an updated and more comprehensive rapid systematic review to identify, assess and summarize available research on the mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic on healthcare workers, including a) changes over time, b) prevalence of mental health problems and risk/resilience factors, c) strategies and resources used by healthcare providers to protect their own mental health, d) perceived need and preferences for interventions, and e) healthcare workers'' understandings of their own mental health during the pandemic. show the distribution of anxiety, depression, distress, and sleeping problems among the healthcare workers investigated in the 29 studies, using the authors'' own methods of assessing these outcomes The most commonly reported protective factor associated with reduced risk of mental health problems was having social support 48 ,58 ,69 ,74 .

title:
  The mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic on healthcare workers, and interventions to help them: a rapid systematic review

abstract:
  The covid-19 pandemic has heavily burdened healthcare systems throughout the world. We performed a rapid systematic review to identify, assess and summarize research on the mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic on HCWs (healthcare workers). We utilized the Norwegian Institute of Public Health's Live map of covid-19 evidence on 11 May and included 59 studies. Six reported on implementing interventions, but none reported on effects of the interventions. HCWs reported low interest in professional help, and greater reliance on social support and contact. Exposure to covid-19 was the most commonly reported correlate of mental health problems, followed by female gender, and worry about infection or about infecting others. Social support correlated with less mental health problems. HCWs reported anxiety, depression, sleep problems, and distress during the covid-19 pandemic. We assessed the certainty of the estimates of prevalence of these symptoms as very low using GRADE. Most studies did not report comparative data on mental health symptoms before the pandemic or in the general population. There seems to be a mismatch between risk factors for adverse mental health outcomes among HCWs in the current pandemic, their needs and preferences, and the individual psychopathology focus of current interventions.


id: cord-326873-11jgusov
title: Recent Research on Occupational Animal Exposures and Health Risks: A Narrative Review
author: Dignard, Caroline
date: 2019-12-10
txt: ./txt/cord-326873-11jgusov.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-326873-11jgusov.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-019-00253-5
doi: 10.1007/s40572-019-00253-5
summary:
  Occupational exposure to animals is associated with a myriad of health and safety risks, including zoonotic infections, occupational injury, respiratory disease, and cancer [1] [2] [3] [4] . In the last 15 years, research on zoonotic infection risk has dominated the occupational health literature on the animal workforce, highlighting in particular exposure risk to drugresistant bacteria and influenza viruses and subsequent transmission from workers to the general public [6] [7] [8] . Since 2005, research on zoonotic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), particularly the livestock-associated MRSA strains ST398 and CC9, have identified important public health concerns stemming from the misuse and overuse of these antibiotics in agriculture [15] [16] [17] . We identified eight original research papers and one review study focused on topics related to respiratory disease, exposure to allergens and dust, and airborne bacteria among animal workers. Research in 2018 and early 2019 on occupational health and safety topics involving animal workers highlighted the risks and interventions associated with infectious disease, respiratory disease, chemical exposure, and occupational injury.

abstract:
  PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In the last year, an increasing number of studies have reported on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) transmission in Africa and Asia and in migrant workers. We reviewed original research on occupational health and safety of animal workers published from January 1, 2018, through June 30, 2019, with a targeted focus on infectious disease studies published in these populations. RECENT FINDINGS: Studies focused on occupational exposures to infectious agents, dust and allergens, pesticides, and occupational injury. Research on zoonotic MRSA used whole genome–sequencing technologies to evaluate transmission in Africa and Asia. Swine worker exposure to porcine coronavirus and emerging influenza A viruses was documented in China. 16s RNA amplicon sequencing identified distinct microbiota compositions in households with active animal farmers. Multiple bioaerosol exposures were assessed for industrial dairy workers. Occupational injury studies highlighted the struggles of Latino animal workers in the USA. SUMMARY: These studies highlighted the global expansion of zoonotic antibiotic resistance and identified novel occupational zoonoses of concern. The integration of microbiome assessment and compound mixtures into the evaluation of dust and endotoxin exposures for animal workers marks a new direction for this work.


id: cord-327164-t39zfhdf
title: Hospitality unionism and labour market adjustment: Toward Schumpeterian unionism?
author: Tufts, Steven
date: 2009-11-30
txt: ./txt/cord-327164-t39zfhdf.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-327164-t39zfhdf.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32226099/
doi: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2009.08.008
summary:
  Instead, such renewed unionism calls for new approaches to servicing that allow workers to self-organize against an employer through mu-tual-aid (see Bacharach et al., 2001) and shift any surplus resources created by greater membership participation to organizing new members within and beyond traditional industrial relations frameworks into a broader labour movement (e.g., representing workers by pressuring employers prior to any formal certification). Instead of arguing for broad changes or ''why can''t Canada be more like Sweden?'', the union settled for ''why can''t Toronto be more like Las Vegas?'' Such a Schumpeterian approach by UNITE-HERE is expected given that the strategic potential to (re)regulate the local labour market through such a centre and the new spaces for engagement created by the re-scaling of state economic development strategies.

abstract:
  Abstract This paper proposes a conceptual model for understanding emerging changes in a North American labour union. UNITE-HERE, largely representing textile and hospitality workers, has been at the forefront of debates on union revitalization in the US and Canada. UNITE-HERE is often characterized as a successful example of North American union renewal, but I argue that this often oversimplifies many complex and contradictory labour strategies. Much of the labour union renewal literature remains prescriptive and is only beginning to escape false binaries such as business versus social unionism, the servicing versus organizing model, or ‘top-down’ versus ‘bottom-up’ administration. In this paper, I attempt to conceptualize the strategies adopted by the union as they exist in relation to the changing political economic landscape. I characterize the current labour practices as ‘Schumpeterian unionism’, a model which captures the shifting, contradictory, and multi-scalar relationships labour has with the broader community, capital and the state. The model is illustrated with a case study of UNITE-HERE Local 75’s response to the 2003 SARS outbreak through their establishment of a Hospitality Workers Resource Centre to service unemployed workers.


id: cord-330737-6khv4kbj
title: Contributing factors to personal protective equipment shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic
author: Cohen, Jennifer
date: 2020-10-02
txt: ./txt/cord-330737-6khv4kbj.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-330737-6khv4kbj.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33017601/
doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106263
summary:
  Problems from a dysfunctional costing model in hospital operating systems were magnified by a very large demand shock triggered by acute need in healthcare and panicked marketplace behavior that depleted domestic PPE inventories. Removing the profit motive for purchasing PPE in hospital costing models and pursuing strategic industrial policy to reduce the US dependence on imported PPE will both help to better protect healthcare workers with adequate supplies of PPE. Since early 2020 the US has experienced a severe shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) needed by healthcare workers fighting the COVID-19 pandemic (Emanuel et al., 2020; Livingston, Desai, & Berkwits, 2020) . We now turn to our analysis of PPE shortages, which identifies on four contributing factors: the way that hospitals budget for PPE, domestic demand shocks, federal government failures, and disruptions to the global supply chain (Figure 2 ).

abstract:
  This study investigates the forces that contributed to severe shortages in personal protective equipment in the US during the COVID-19 crisis. Problems from a dysfunctional costing model in hospital operating systems were magnified by a very large demand shock triggered by acute need in healthcare and panicked marketplace behavior that depleted domestic PPE inventories. The lack of appropriate action on the part of the federal government to maintain and distribute domestic inventories, as well as severe disruptions to the PPE global supply chain, amplified the problem. Analysis of trade data shows that the US is the world's largest importer of face masks, eye protection, and medical gloves, making it highly vulnerable to disruptions in exports of medical supplies. We conclude that market prices are not appropriate mechanisms for rationing inputs to health because health is a public good. Removing the profit motive for purchasing PPE in hospital costing models and pursuing strategic industrial policy to reduce the US dependence on imported PPE will both help to better protect healthcare workers with adequate supplies of PPE.


id: cord-332977-884z6qrq
author: Ehrlich, Rodney
date: 2020-06-03
txt: ./txt/cord-332977-884z6qrq.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-332977-884z6qrq.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32503223/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17113957
summary:
  Barriers to IPC implementation vary with the study design and questions asked, but cover the whole gamut: lack of a national regulatory framework and associated budget; lack of management support; unfamiliarity of staff with IPC guidelines; failure to triage or screen patients; insufficient infrastructure and equipment, such as isolation spaces and personal protective equipment (PPE); deficient ventilation; inadequate staffing and training; poor functioning of infection control committees; and neglect of exposed non-clinical staff. A review across Botswana, Zambia, and South Africa of laws relevant to reduction of TB transmission adopted a systems view by focusing on regulations governing national legal and policy frameworks; facility design, construction, and use; patients'' and health workers'' rights; and research, as well as the monitoring of infection control measures and TB surveillance among health workers. Health Care Worker Perspectives on workplace safety, infection control and drug-resistant tuberculosis in a high burden HIV setting

title:
  Current Guidelines for Protecting Health Workers from Occupational Tuberculosis Are Necessary, but Not Sufficient: Towards a Comprehensive Occupational Health Approach

abstract:
  Health workers globally are at elevated occupational risk of tuberculosis infection and disease. While a raft of guidelines have been published over the past 25 years on infection prevention and control (IPC) in healthcare, studies in different settings continue to show inadequate implementation and persistence of risk. The aim of this commentary is to argue, based on the literature and our own research, that a comprehensive occupational health approach is an essential complement to IPC guidelines. Such an approach includes a health system framework focusing on upstream or mediating components, such as a statutory regulation, leadership, an information system, and staff trained in protective disciplines. Within the classical prevention framework, primary prevention needs to be complemented by occupational health services (secondary prevention) and worker’s compensation (tertiary prevention). A worker-centric approach recognises the ethical implications of screening health workers, as well as the stigma perceived by those diagnosed with tuberculosis. It also provides for the voiced experience of health workers and their participation in decision-making. We argue that such a comprehensive approach will contribute to both the prevention of occupational tuberculosis and to the ability of a health system to withstand other crises of infectious hazards to its workforce.


id: cord-333509-dnuakd6h
author: Chan, Hui Yun
date: 2020-10-17
txt: ./txt/cord-333509-dnuakd6h.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-333509-dnuakd6h.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10991-020-09270-z
doi: 10.1007/s10991-020-09270-z
summary:
  Recent developments have witnessed strong responses from the public and healthcare workers, ranging from pursuing legal actions against the government or their employers (hospitals) for breaching their obligations of care towards employees to calling for a full public inquiry into pandemic management, including the status of the PPE stockpile. PPE under the Regulations means "all equip-ment…intended to be worn or held by a person at work and which protects the person against one or more risks to that person''s health or safety, and any addition or accessory designed to meet that objective." 29 Consequently, PPE in the hospital context is broad enough to include all equipment that protect healthcare workers from infectious particles arising from aerosol generating procedures, ventilators, respirators or testing facilities with high concentrations of droplets or airborne diseases. Imposing the duty to provide PPE is therefore central in ensuring healthcare workers are protected from the risks of infection and to realise the aim of delivering patient-centred care to the public.

title:
  Hospitals’ Liabilities in Times of Pandemic: Recalibrating the Legal Obligation to Provide Personal Protective Equipment to Healthcare Workers

abstract:
  The Covid-19 pandemic has precipitated the global race for essential personal protective equipment in delivering critical patient care. This has created a dearth of personal protective equipment availability in some countries, which posed particular harm to frontline healthcare workers’ health and safety, with undesirable consequences to public health. Substantial discussions have been devoted to the imperative of providing adequate personal protective equipment to frontline healthcare workers. The specific legal obligations of hospitals towards healthcare workers in the pandemic context have so far escaped important scrutiny. This paper endeavours to examine this overlooked aspect in the light of legal actions brought by frontline healthcare workers against their employers arising from a shortage of personal protective equipment. By analysing the potential legal liabilities of hospitals, the paper sheds light on the interlinked attributes and factors in understanding hospitals’ obligations towards healthcare workers and how such duty can be justifiably recalibrated in times of pandemic.


id: cord-333672-ef53l283
title: The Future of Shift Work: Circadian Biology Meets Personalised Medicine and Behavioural Science
author: Potter, Gregory D. M.
date: 2020-08-07
txt: ./txt/cord-333672-ef53l283.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-333672-ef53l283.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.00116
doi: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00116
summary:
  Because of this, understanding how to alter shift work and zeitgeber (time cue) schedules to enhance circadian system function is likely to be key to improving the health of shift workers. If one could estimate shift workers'' circadian phases in real time and model how subsequent changes in zeitgeber schedules would influence their circadian systems, one could develop tools that use this information to expedite adaptation to shift schedule changes by providing personalised guidance and perhaps even individual-level changes in exposure to light. Among healthy young men undergoing simulated night shift work for 4 days, those who confined their consumption of calorie-containing foods and drinks (i.e., the caloric period) to between breakfast at 07:00 and dinner at 19:00 had superior postbreakfast glucose tolerance after the intervention compared to men who had dinner at 19:00, a meal at 01:30, and breakfast at 07:00 (50) .

abstract:
  Shift work is commonplace in modern societies, and shift workers are predisposed to the development of numerous chronic diseases. Disruptions to the circadian systems of shift workers are considered important contributors to the biological dysfunction these people frequently experience. Because of this, understanding how to alter shift work and zeitgeber (time cue) schedules to enhance circadian system function is likely to be key to improving the health of shift workers. While light exposure is the most important zeitgeber for the central clock in the circadian system, diet and exercise are plausible zeitgebers for circadian clocks in many tissues. We know little about how different zeitgebers interact and how to tailor zeitgeber schedules to the needs of individuals; however, in this review we share some guidelines to help shift workers adapt to their work schedules based on our current understanding of circadian biology. We focus in particular on the importance of diet timing and composition. Going forward, developments in phenotyping and “envirotyping” methods may be important to understanding how to optimise shift work. Non-invasive, multimodal, comprehensive phenotyping using multiple sources of time-stamped data may yield insights that are critical to the care of shift workers. Finally, the impact of these advances will be reduced without modifications to work environments to make it easier for shift workers to engage in behaviours conducive to their health. Integrating findings from behavioural science and ergonomics may help shift workers make healthier choices, thereby amplifying the beneficial effects of improved lifestyle prescriptions for these people.


id: cord-342185-2umby2l8
author: Cai, Qi
date: 2020-07-02
txt: ./txt/cord-342185-2umby2l8.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-342185-2umby2l8.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32734910/
doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.031
summary:
  title: The mental health of frontline and non-frontline medical workers during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: a case-control study RESULTS: Frontline medical workers had higher rates of any mental problem (52.6% vs 34.0%, adjusted OR=1.88, 95% CI=1.57-2.25), anxiety symptoms (15.7% vs 7.4%, adjusted OR=1.95, 95% CI=1.46-2.61), depressed mood (marginally insignificant; 14.3% vs 10.1%, adjusted OR=1.32, 95% CI=0.99-1.76) and insomnia (47.8% vs 29.1%, adjusted OR=1.96, 95% CI=1.63-2.36) than non-frontline medical workers. The present study attempted to compare the immediate psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on frontline and non-frontline medical workers in China. The mental health status of medical workers presented in the current study prompts the need for appropriate measures and timely treatment for COVID-19-related psychological problems. The present study highlighted the mental health problems and unmet needs of medical workers during the COVID-19 epidemic in China, especially among frontline medical workers.

title:
  The mental health of frontline and non-frontline medical workers during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: a case-control study

abstract:
  BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new infectious disease with high transmissibility and morbidity. It has caused substantial mental distress to medical professionals. We aimed to compare the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak between frontline and non-frontline medical workers in China. METHODS: This case-control study recruited 1173 frontline and 1173 age- and sex-matched non-frontline medical workers during the COVID-19 outbreak (February 11 to 26, 2020). A set of online questionnaires were used to measure mental problems (i.e., anxiety, insomnia, and depressive symptoms), and help-seeking behavior and treatment for these mental problems. RESULTS: Frontline medical workers had higher rates of any mental problem (52.6% vs 34.0%, adjusted OR=1.88, 95% CI=1.57-2.25), anxiety symptoms (15.7% vs 7.4%, adjusted OR=1.95, 95% CI=1.46-2.61), depressed mood (marginally insignificant; 14.3% vs 10.1%, adjusted OR=1.32, 95% CI=0.99-1.76) and insomnia (47.8% vs 29.1%, adjusted OR=1.96, 95% CI=1.63-2.36) than non-frontline medical workers. No significant difference was observed in terms of suicidal ideation (12.0% vs 9.0%, adjusted OR=1.25, 95% CI=0.92-1.71), help-seeking (4.5% vs 4.5%, adjusted OR=1.00, 95% CI=0.53-1.87) or treatment (3.4% vs 2.3%, adjusted OR=1.38, 95% CI=0.54-3.52) for mental problems. LIMITATIONS: The case-control nature of the data precludes causal inferences, and there is a possibility of bias related to self-reports. CONCLUSIONS: Frontline medical workers had more mental problems but comparable help-seeking behaviors and treatment for these problems than non-frontline medical workers. These findings highlight the timely mental support and intervention for medical workers, especially for those on the frontline.


id: cord-344729-sjjedgws
author: Bhaskar, Sonu
date: 2020-05-29
txt: ./txt/cord-344729-sjjedgws.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-344729-sjjedgws.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.00579
doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00579
summary:
  The management of acute neurological conditions, particularly acute ischemic stroke, in the context of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is of importance, considering the risk of infection to the healthcare workers and patients and emerging evidence of the neuroinvasive potential of the virus. Management of patients with acute ischemic stroke during COVID-19 pandemic could be challenging and certain precautions must be taken in order to protect healthcare workers, particularly in the delivery of endovascular treatment, where aerosol could be produced during the procedures, to prevent further vector transmission (9) . Notably, these guidelines concur with the "Consensus Statement from Society for Neuroscience in Anesthesiology & Critical Care" about "Anesthetic Management of Endovascular Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke During COVID-19 Pandemic (9), " in that general anesthesia should be used if there are concerns surrounding the need for mid-procedural conversion and intubation which could be very detrimental and could expose the whole team, a scenario that should be avoided at all cost.

title:
  Acute Neurological Care in the COVID-19 Era: The Pandemic Health System REsilience PROGRAM (REPROGRAM) Consortium Pathway

abstract:
  The management of acute neurological conditions, particularly acute ischemic stroke, in the context of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is of importance, considering the risk of infection to the healthcare workers and patients and emerging evidence of the neuroinvasive potential of the virus. There are variations in expert guidelines further complicating the picture for clinicians in acute settings. In this light, there is a compelling need for further formulation of recommendations that compile these variations seen in the numerous guidelines present. Health system protocols for managing ongoing acute neurological care and intervention need consideration of safety and well-being of the frontline healthcare workers and the patients. We examine existing pathways and their efficacy to mitigate viral exposure to the healthcare workers and patients and synthesize a systemic approach to manage patients with acute neurological conditions in the COVID-19 scenario. Early experiences with a COVID-19 positive stroke patient treated with endovascular thrombectomy is presented to highlight the urgent need for adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) during acute neuro-interventional procedures.


id: cord-346113-4obj0rs3
title: Growing Precarity, Circular Migration, and the Lockdown in India
author: Srivastava, Ravi
date: 2020-09-10
txt: ./txt/cord-346113-4obj0rs3.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-346113-4obj0rs3.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32929315/
doi: 10.1007/s41027-020-00260-3
summary:
  The Government of India announced a package of measures to support poor households and workers on March 25, immediately after the imposition of the lockdown. But after the announcement of the second lockdown on April 15, the exodus turned into a tide, with workers and their family members attempting to walk back across thousands of kilometres, even in the face of harassment and worse by government forces. Initially, the central government announced (on April 19) permission to deploy migrant workers within destination states where they were stranded. Since May 2020, the Government of India has announced some follow-up measures to support the affected poor and the migrant workers. We must note that Kerala emerged as an outlier among states by announcing a comprehensive package of Rs. 20,000 crore for protection of livelihoods of workers, including migrant workers, even before the lockdown. As the migrant crisis escalated, sending states announced measures to support stranded migrant workers.

abstract:
  The paper examines the nature of the migrant crisis in India after the country-wide lockdown in March 2020 and brings out the types of labour migrants who were severely adversely affected by the lockdown, leading to their exodus towards their native villages. It further assesses the government’s response and proposes some key policy imperatives.


id: cord-347898-appzi43a
author: Hu, Zeming
date: 2020-06-05
txt: ./txt/cord-347898-appzi43a.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-347898-appzi43a.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32582616/
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00265
abstract: nan
summary:
  As an increasing number of studies about the transmission routes of severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been conducted, healthcare workers who come into direct contact with confirmed or suspected patients are at high risk of infection despite the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). Therefore, effective strategies to subvert mental breakdown among medical providers are needed as part of the public health response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to the social support systems provided by organizations, building proper self-awareness, peer support, and team support will equip medical workers with the capacity to cope with mental health stress during the current pandemic. Second, social support, including online services and guidelines provided by organizations, should be utilized to timely, effectively, and efficiently mitigate the psychological impacts among health workers. Mental health care for medical staff and affiliated healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak

title:
  The Status of Psychological Issues Among Frontline Health Workers Confronting the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic


id: cord-353277-vd0etd38
title: Informal Work and Sustainable Cities: From Formalization to Reparation
author: Tucker, Jennifer L.
date: 2020-09-18
txt: ./txt/cord-353277-vd0etd38.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-353277-vd0etd38.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590332220304218
doi: 10.1016/j.oneear.2020.08.012
summary:
  Too often, policy elites, including those promoting sustainable cities, overlook this value, proposing formalization and relying on deficit-based framings of informal work. Building on our research in India and Paraguay, amplifying critical informality scholarship and centering the knowledge produced by workers'' organizations, we assert that by thinking historically, relationally, and spatially, and redistributing power and resources to workers, we can move beyond formalization to a frame that centers decent work, ecological health, and reparation for uneven legacies of harm. 40 Informal work produces economic, social, and environmental value that sustains lives and urban environments. Thinking historically, relationally, and spatially reveals how the value produced by informal workers subsidize urban economies and ecologies, even as racial capitalism predictably reproduces job scarcity, income inequality, and poverty, the very conditions that impel many to informal work.

abstract:
  Informal workers produce economic, social, and environmental value for cities. Too often, policy elites, including those promoting sustainable cities, overlook this value, proposing formalization and relying on deficit-based framings of informal work. In this perspective piece, we bring critical research and community-produced knowledge about informal work to sustainability scholarship. We challenge the dominant, deficit-based frame of informal work, which can dispossess workers, reduce their collective power, and undercut the social and environmental value their work generates. Instead, thinking historically, relationally, and spatially clarifies the essential role of informal work for urban economies and highlights their potential for promoting sustainable cities. It also reveals how growth-oriented economies reproduce environmental destruction, income inequality, and poverty, the very conditions impelling many to informal work. Rather than formalization, we propose reparation, an ethic and practice promoting ecological regeneration, while redressing historic wrongs and redistributing resources and social power to workers and grassroots social movements.


id: cord-353519-cmeociax
title: Child Welfare Workers and Peritraumatic Distress: The Impact of COVID-19
author: Jay Miller, J.
date: 2020-09-25
txt: ./txt/cord-353519-cmeociax.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-353519-cmeociax.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105508
doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105508
summary:
  This exploratory study examined COVID-19 related peritraumatic distress among child welfare workers (N=1,996) in one southeastern state in the United States (U.S.). Sexual orientation, self-reported physical and mental health, relationship status, supervision status, and financial stability impacted distress levels experienced by child welfare workers. In a broader review of six articles published about the impact of COVID on healthcare workers, Spoorthy, Pratapa, and Mahant (2020) concluded that factors such as gender, age, and lack of social support, among others, were linked to stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms among study participants. Research Question 1: What are COVID-19 related peritraumatic distress levels among child welfare workers? This study is likely the first to examine COVID-19 related distress among child welfare workers. In addition, though exploratory, the study has a more than adequate sample size of child welfare workers and examines the concept of peritraumatic distress related to the pandemic.

abstract:
  Whilst there is broad consensus that COVID-19 has had a pernicious impact on child welfare services, in general, and child welfare workers, specifically, this notion has not been thoroughly examined in the literature. This exploratory study examined COVID-19 related peritraumatic distress among child welfare workers (N=1,996) in one southeastern state in the United States (U.S.). Findings suggest that the study sample was experiencing distress levels above normal ranges; 46.4% of participants were experiencing mild or severe distress. Sexual orientation, self-reported physical and mental health, relationship status, supervision status, and financial stability impacted distress levels experienced by child welfare workers. Overall, data suggest that COVID-19 is impacting child welfare workers and there is a need to conceptualize, implement, and evaluate initiatives aimed at assuaging distress among child welfare workers.


id: cord-354491-23cjm86c
author: Muller, A. E.
date: 2020-07-04
txt: ./txt/cord-354491-23cjm86c.txt
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url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.03.20145607
doi: 10.1101/2020.07.03.20145607
summary:
  Methods: We performed a rapid systematic review to identify, assess and summarize available research on the mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic on healthcare workers. Discussion: Healthcare workers in a variety of fields, positions, and exposure risks are reporting anxiety, depression, sleep problems, and distress during the covid-19 pandemic, but most studies do not report comparative data on mental health symptoms. Six studies reported on the implementation of interventions to prevent or reduce mental health problems caused by the covid-19 pandemic among healthcare workers. While the majority of studies were cross-sectional and assessed as having high risk of bias, several patterns in their findings were evident: more healthcare workers were interested in social support to alieve mental health impacts, only a minority were interested in professional help for these problems, and yet interventions described in the literature largely seemed to focus on relieving individual symptoms.

title:
  The mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic onhealthcare workers, and interventions to help them: a rapid systematic review

abstract:
  Background: The covid-19 pandemic has heavily burdened, and in some cases overwhelmed, healthcare systems throughout the world. Healthcare workers are not only at heightened risk of infection, but also of adverse mental health outcomes. Identification of organizational, collegial and individual risk and resilience factors impacting the mental health of healthcare workers are needed to inform preparedness planning and sustainable response. Methods: We performed a rapid systematic review to identify, assess and summarize available research on the mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic on healthcare workers. On 11 May 2020, we utilized the Norwegian Institute of Public Health's Live map of covid-19 evidence, the visualization of a database of 20,738 screened studies, to identify studies for inclusion. We included studies reporting on any type of mental health outcome in any type of healthcare workers during the pandemic. We described interventions reported by the studies, and narratively summarized mental health-related outcomes, as study heterogeneity precluded meta-analysis. We assessed study quality using design-specific instruments. Results: We included 59 studies, reporting on a total of 54,707 healthcare workers. The prevalence of general psychological distress across the studies ranged from 7-97% (median 37%), anxiety 9-90% (median 24%), depression 5-51% (median 21%), and sleeping problems 34-65% (median 37%). Seven studies reported on implementing mental health interventions, and most focused on individual symptom reduction, but none reported on effects of the interventions. In most studies, healthcare workers reported low interest in and use of professional help, and greater reliance on social support and contact with family and friends. Exposure to covid-19 was the most commonly reported correlate of mental health problems, followed by female gender, and worry about infection or about infecting others. Social support correlated with less mental health problems. Discussion: Healthcare workers in a variety of fields, positions, and exposure risks are reporting anxiety, depression, sleep problems, and distress during the covid-19 pandemic, but most studies do not report comparative data on mental health symptoms. before the pandemic. There seems to be a mismatch between risk factors for adverse mental health outcomes among healthcare workers in the current pandemic and their needs and preferences, and the individual psychopathology focus of current interventions. Efforts to help healthcare workers sustain healthy relationships to colleagues, family and friends over time may be paramount to safeguard what is already an important source of support during the prolonged crisis. Expanding interventions' focus to incorporate organizational, collegial and family factors to support healthcare workers responding to the pandemic could improve acceptability and efficacy of interventions. Other: The protocol for this review is available online. No funding was received.


