# pos

id: cord-307952-mz9ucnxa
pos: NNP
token:
  https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2020/03/23/pr2098-imf-managing-director-statement-following-a-g20-ministerial-call-on-the-coronavirus-emergency

lemma:
  https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2020/03/23/pr2098-imf-managing-director-statement-following-a-g20-ministerial-call-on-the-coronavirus-emergency


id: cord-307952-mz9ucnxa
pos: NNP
token:
  https://www.derstandard.at/story/2000092969393/eu-sozialkommissarin-kritisiert-indexierung-beifamilienbeihilfe

lemma:
  https://www.derstandard.at/story/2000092969393/eu-sozialkommissarin-kritisiert-indexierung-beifamilienbeihilfe


# ent

id: cord-018125-khhzlt9y
type: DNA
entity:
  Art date 2018 04 12 journal Managing Health Safety and Well Being DOI 10 1007 978 94 024 1261 1_1 sha 78a1bfaf604a3c0dcc574d8df3516596c6f149ac doc_id 18125 cord_uid khhzlt9y


id: cord-018125-khhzlt9y
type: ORG
entity:
  the Joint International Labour Organization ILO World Health Organization WHO Committee on Occupational Health


id: cord-018125-khhzlt9y
type: ORG
entity:
  Paris Organization for Economic Co Operation and Development Organization for Economic Co Operation and Development


id: cord-028009-s0cxhf54
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Connecting What We Know Consciously with What We Are Aware of Subconsciously Orientation of and Rationale for the Book


id: cord-272406-h22atwd4
type: DISEASE
entity:
  diabetes cholesterol heart disease respiratory problems e g asthma bronchitis migraines stomach problems back neck or joint pain


id: cord-024088-020rgz5t
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Bioterrorism Preparedness Attack and Response Elsevier Beyond the Job Exposure Matrix JEM The Task Exposure Matrix TEM Chapter 4 Occupational Safety and Health and Environmental Risks


id: cord-024088-020rgz5t
type: ORG
entity:
  Upper Limb Musculoskeletal Disorders European Agency for Safety and Health at Work Finnish National Job Exposure Matrix FINJEM


id: cord-024088-020rgz5t
type: ORG
entity:
  Occupational Exposure Measurements FDOEM Finnish Institute of Occupational Health Finland IOHA Pilanesberg


id: cord-024088-020rgz5t
type: ORG
entity:
  the Recording and Notification of Occupational Accidents and Diseases R 194 International Labour Conference


id: cord-024088-020rgz5t
type: ORG
entity:
  Wirtschaften Committee on Institutional Means for Assessing Risk to Public Health 1983 Risk Assessment


id: cord-024088-020rgz5t
type: ORG
entity:
  WBGU Unveröffentlichtes Manuskript Decision Theory and Folk Psychology Towards a Comprehensive Conservation Theory The Limits to Safety Culture Politics Learning and


id: cord-024088-020rgz5t
type: ORG
entity:
  the Safe Minimum Standard of Conservation Decision Analytic Tools for Resolving Uncertainty in the Energy Debate Ökologisch


id: cord-024088-020rgz5t
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  1 4020 8289 4_4 sha f109488087332fd79c436ba9f98f792d05628c9c doc_id 24088 cord_uid 020rgz5t Occupational safety


id: cord-024088-020rgz5t
type: DISEASE
entity:
  respiratory system nervous system sensory organs internal organs particularly liver and kidneys musculoskeletal system


id: cord-324369-zizyxb6y
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Startup Way How Modern Companies Use Entrepreneurial Management to Transform Culture and Drive Long Term Growth Research


id: cord-306504-0wq7rc6s
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Generations in the Workplace An Exploratory Study with Administrative Assistants Joint Report on towards Age Friendly Work in Europe A Life Course Perspective on Work and Ageing


id: cord-306504-0wq7rc6s
type: ORG
entity:
  the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation APEC International Workshop on Adaptation Sustaining Work Participation Across the Life Course Supporting the Labor Force Participation


id: cord-278870-pct184oa
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Combined Effect of Perceived COVID 19 Infection Risk at Work and Identification with Work Community on Psychosocial Wellbeing


id: cord-278554-rg92gcc6
type: ORG
entity:
  World Health Organization Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response A WHO Guidance Document Geneva World Health Organization America s Forgotten Pandemic Estimating


id: cord-278554-rg92gcc6
type: ORG
entity:
  influenza WHO Regional Office for Europe Recommendations for Good Practice in Pandemic Preparedness Identified Through Evaluation of the Response to Pandemic


id: cord-341156-dw15n4f4
type: ORG
entity:
  National University ANU University of Western Australia Monash University University of Queensland University of New South Wales


id: cord-314092-ph5vrba6
type: ORG
entity:
  Society for Information Management and The Management Information Systems BabyVeillance Expecting Parents Online Surveillance


id: cord-340128-qxkopvot
type: ORG
entity:
  Occupational Safety and Health European Agency for Safety and Health at Work European Survey of Enterprises on New and Emerging Risks ESENER Psychosocial Risk Prevention


id: cord-340128-qxkopvot
type: ORG
entity:
  the European Union Psychosocial Factors at Work and Risk of Depression A Systematic Review of the Epidemiological Evidence


id: cord-340128-qxkopvot
type: ORG
entity:
  the Contributions of the Work Environment to Ischaemic Heart Disease Development Low Back Pain Prevalence and Related Workplace Psychosocial Risk Factors


id: cord-340128-qxkopvot
type: EVENT
entity:
  National Health Interview Survey Mental Health in Workplace Settings Consensus Paper European Commission Directorate General for Health and Consumers


id: cord-340128-qxkopvot
type: ORG
entity:
  the European Survey of Enterprises on New and Emerging Risks Small Business Administration Office of Advocacy Strategic Action Plan for SME Development Background Paper 12 Commonwealth of Australia


id: cord-340128-qxkopvot
type: ORG
entity:
  a New Psychosocial Predictor of Health Recommendations of the Institutions of the Joint German Occupational Safety and Health Strategy


id: cord-340128-qxkopvot
type: ORG
entity:
  Japanese Male Workers Exploring the Public Private and Company Size Differences in Employees Work Characteristics


id: cord-340128-qxkopvot
type: ORG
entity:
  The Association of Workplace Exposures on Quality of Life in Small and Medium Enterprises Workers A Cross Sectional Study


id: cord-340128-qxkopvot
type: ORG
entity:
  the Swedish Working Population Knowledge Based Decision Support System to Assist Work Related Risk Analysis


id: cord-301000-ozm5f5dy
type: DNA
entity:
  frontlines Cambridge Core COVID 19 Highlights the Failure of Neoliberal Capitalism We Need Feminist Global Solidarity


id: cord-301000-ozm5f5dy
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Feminist Theory Feminist Review European Journal of Cultural Studies European Journal of Women s Studies and Sociological Review


id: cord-301000-ozm5f5dy
type: ORG
entity:
  The Guardian Coronavirus Pandemic in the Shadow of Capitalist Exploitation and Imperialist Domination of People and Nature Statement


id: cord-301000-ozm5f5dy
type: ORG
entity:
  the North African Network for Food Sovereignty Committee for the Abolition of Illegitimate Debt Migrant Women Failed


id: cord-356156-jjdkwalk
type: ORG
entity:
  Determinants of Neck Pain in Workers The Short Term Musculoskeletal and Cognitive Effects of Prolonged Sitting During Office Computer Work American Psychiatric Association Foundation


id: cord-315126-713k0b9u
type: ORG
entity:
  Industrial and Organizational Psychology Perspectives on Science and Practice Generationalism Problems


id: cord-257069-fs2fkidt
type: ORG
entity:
  Monash University Insurance Work and Health Group School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Procedures


id: cord-278379-wr8j6j36
type: ORG
entity:
  India Committee for Agriculture Implementation of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act Understanding


id: cord-146850-5x6qs2i4
type: ORG
entity:
  s Secret Auto Insurance Algorithm Squeezes Big Spenders Algorithmic Injustices Towards a Relational Ethics Social Biases


id: cord-307952-mz9ucnxa
type: CELL_LINE
entity:
  beengten Wohnungsverhältnissen COVID 19 and Disposable Migrant Workers Precarious Life Vulnerability


id: cord-307952-mz9ucnxa
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Wohnungsverhältnissen COVID 19 and Disposable Migrant Workers Precarious Life Vulnerability and the Ethics of Cohabitation Notes


id: cord-327887-14tcoqdi
type: GGP
entity:
  Beutell 1985 Greenhaus and Powell 2006 work family facilitation theory e g Wayne et al 2007 spillover theory e g Hanson et al 2006 and relevant empirical evidence e g Demerouti et


id: cord-353277-vd0etd38
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Antinomies of Successful Mobilization Colombian Recyclers Manoeuvre between Dispossession and Exploitation Development and Change Garbage Citizenship Vital Infrastructures of Labor


id: cord-353277-vd0etd38
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Echoes of Slavery Recognizing the Racist Origins of the Agricultural and Domestic Worker Exclusion


# url

id: cord-307952-mz9ucnxa
domain: www.imf.org
url:
  http://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2020/03/23/pr2098-imf-managing-director-statement-following-a-g20-ministerial-call-on-the-coronavirus-emergency


id: cord-307952-mz9ucnxa
domain: www.derstandard.at
url:
  http://www.derstandard.at/story/2000092969393/eu-sozialkommissarin-kritisiert-indexierung-beifamilienbeihilfe


# bib

id: cord-011046-yccdlahn
title: Secondary Trauma: Emotional Safety in Sensitive Research
author: Williamson, Emma
date: 2020-01-07
txt: ./txt/cord-011046-yccdlahn.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-011046-yccdlahn.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7223430/
doi: 10.1007/s10805-019-09348-y
abstract: nan
summary:
  Clearly, examining this type of data for analysis is ''part of the job'' of a researcher, and this will be examined shortly, but in the course of conducting this type of work, even if desk based, there will be times when researchers may need additional support to process the emotions they experience from dealing with such information and in order to prevent burnout, as described in the background section. The project on which this paper is based succeeded, in terms of meeting the original target of interviews, and giving victim/survivors a voice, because it was conducted by a team of experienced individuals who had a range of options made available to them to help address the impacts of working in this area.


id: cord-018125-khhzlt9y
title: Work, Health, Safety and Well-Being: Current State of the Art
author: Jain, Aditya
date: 2018-04-12
txt: ./txt/cord-018125-khhzlt9y.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-018125-khhzlt9y.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122923/
doi: 10.1007/978-94-024-1261-1_1
summary:
  It revised the definition at its 12th session in 1995 to read as follows: occupational safety and health should aim at: the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations; the prevention amongst workers of departures from health caused by their working conditions; the protection of workers in their employment from risks resulting from factors adverse to health; the placing and maintenance of the worker in an occupational environment adapted to his physiological and psychological capabilities; and, to summarize, the adaptation of work to man and of each man to his job. Liberalization of world trade, rapid technological progress, significant developments in transport and communication, shifting patterns of employment, changes in work organization practices, the different employment patterns of men and women, and the size, structure and life cycles of enterprises and of new technologies can all generate new types and patterns of hazards, exposures and risks.

abstract:
  This introductory chapter will present a review of the current state of the art in relation to employee health, safety and well-being (HSW). The work environment and the nature of work itself are both important influences on HSW. A substantial part of the general morbidity of the population is related to work. It is estimated that workers suffer 270 million occupational accidents and 160 million occupational diseases each year. The chapter will first define HSW. It will then review the current state of the art by outlining key HSW issues in the contemporary world of work, identifying key needs. It will then discuss the evolution of key theoretical perspectives in this area by linking theory to practice and highlighting the need for aligning perspectives and integrating approaches to managing HSW in the workplace.


id: cord-022708-rr3xua38
title: News
author: nan
date: 2019-04-25
txt: ./txt/cord-022708-rr3xua38.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-022708-rr3xua38.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7159766/
doi: 10.1111/avj.237
abstract: nan
summary:
  In the November 2018 report ''Motivation, Satisfaction and Retention: Understanding the importance of vets'' day to day work experiences'' from the BVA and the University of Exeter, two of the key findings included ''feeling like one fits in with those who have been successful before you, and having role models'' as being important to motivating veterinarians, facilitating their professional satisfaction and retaining them in the profession. The federal Department of Agriculture and Water Resources is currently leading a working group comprising representatives from state governments, the Australian Veterinary Association, RSPCA Australia and Food Standards Australia and New Zealand. The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) is currently developing their 7th strategic plan (2021-2024) and they too are looking at their future role, particularly on global issues such as food security, climate change, species conservation and the future of the veterinary profession.


id: cord-023118-dwh70u29
title: Moral Judgments and Works of Art: The Case of Narrative Literature
author: Devereaux, Mary
date: 2004-01-30
txt: ./txt/cord-023118-dwh70u29.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-023118-dwh70u29.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7166926/
doi: 10.1111/j.1540-594x.2004.00130.x
abstract: nan
summary:
  In the final example, we see McGinn making judgments that can easily be read as directed at Nabokov, the real-life author, and his fictional creation, the character Humbert Humbert. We can approach the question about what we are doing when we direct our moral attention to the literary work itself, by asking what it is to read a novel. The historical author of the novel, The Grass is Singing, is the real-life person, Doris Lessing; what I am calling the posited author is, in contrast, an interpretive construct, "a fiction." Its function is to allow us to read the text in a certain way, that is, under the concept of literary purposiveness. Now Posner is surely right that moral judgments that take as their object the work''s realworld author or its effects may, and in some cases will, turn our attention away from the stylistic and structural matters central to the value of literature.


id: cord-023988-u60l07jv
title: Snapshots of Life—Early Career Materials Scientists Managing in the Midst of a Pandemic
author: Bao, Yinyin
date: 2020-04-23
txt: ./txt/cord-023988-u60l07jv.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-023988-u60l07jv.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7182139/
doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c01624
abstract: nan
summary:
  After a two-week self-quarantine, I worked hard in the lab and tried to get as many results as possible, since I realized that universities in the US could also be shut down in the near future, which happened one month later. ■ LONG CHEN, PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY, TIANJIN UNIVERSITY During the locked-down period in our city since February, although the laboratories are still closed and all the students keep staying in their hometown, we all have great confidence that our country, and the entire world, can win this COVID-19 pandemic crisis. Our team is made up of a number of graduate student researchers and postdocs from LBNL and UC Berkeley who specialize in natural language processing methods for analyzing materials science literature, but we were approached about a month ago by colleagues from the Innovative Genomics Institute about applying some of our techniques to the COVID-19 literature. This summer, I was planning on staying on UBC campus doing research and continuing my work as a teaching assistant until COVID-19 got in the way.


id: cord-024088-020rgz5t
title: Governance of Occupational Safety and Health and Environmental Risks
author: Radandt, Siegfried
date: 2008
txt: ./txt/cord-024088-020rgz5t.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-024088-020rgz5t.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7187950/
doi: 10.1007/978-1-4020-8289-4_4
summary:
  Depending on the type of hazard, the three topics, namely, safety, health and the environment, may share the common trait that the proper handling of risks, i.e., how to reduce probabilities and/or consequences of unwanted events is not always possible within a risk management system. A number of new occupational health and safety hazards have already arisen or are foreseen, including problems with the ergonomics of video display units, and musculoskeletal disorders in shoulder-neck and arm-hand systems, information overload, psychological stress, and pressure to learn new skills. Both managers and workers often do not see the need to improve occupational safety and health or ergonomic issues and their possibilities and benefits by reducing or eliminating risks at work. The explanations below present the basic procedure for developing safety-relevant arrangements and solutions, i.e. the thinking and decision-making processes, as well as selecting criteria that are significant for the identification of unwelcome events, the risk of an event, the acceptance limits and the adoption of measures.

abstract:
  Occupational safety and health (OSH) activities were started in the industrialized countries already 150 years ago. Separated and specific actions were directed at accident prevention, and the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of occupational diseases. As industrialization has advanced, the complexity of safety and health problems and challenges has substantially grown, calling for more comprehensive approaches. Such development has expanded the scope, as well as blurred the borders between specific activities. In the modern world of work, occupational safety and health are part of a complex system that involves innumerable interdependencies and interactions. These are, for instance, safety, health, well-being, aspects of the occupational and general environment, corporate policies and social responsibility, community policies and services, community social environment, workers’ families, their civil life, lifestyles and social networks, cultural and religious environments, and political and media environments.


id: cord-028009-s0cxhf54
author: Maree, Jacobus Gideon (Kobus)
date: 2020-05-05
txt: ./txt/cord-028009-s0cxhf54.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-028009-s0cxhf54.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7322494/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-48648-8_1
summary:
  I draw on one of my earliest recollections to set the scene for what is to follow in later chapters and elaborate on my own personal Damascene moment—a moment that convinced me forever of the need for as well as the power and value of an integrative QUALITATIVE-quantitative approach to career counseling, particularly at a time when many speculate that work itself is at risk. I draw on one of my earliest recollections to set the scene for what is to follow in later chapters and elaborate on my own personal Damascene moment-a moment that convinced me forever of the need for as well as the power and value of an integrative QUALITATIVE-quantitative approach to career counseling, particularly at a time when many speculate that work itself is at risk.

title:
  Connecting What We Know Consciously with What We Are Aware of Subconsciously: Orientation of and Rationale for the Book

abstract:
  In this chapter, I first dwell briefly on important events in the field of career counseling over the past few decades and explain why innovation in the field is needed. I draw on one of my earliest recollections to set the scene for what is to follow in later chapters and elaborate on my own personal Damascene moment—a moment that convinced me forever of the need for as well as the power and value of an integrative QUALITATIVE-quantitative approach to career counseling, particularly at a time when many speculate that work itself is at risk. I conclude by outlining the contents of the book and explaining its aims—to help people connect what they know about themselves consciously with what they are aware of subconsciously (elicited by activities such as asking clients for their most hurtful experiences or for their earliest recollections).


id: cord-028922-phmtkpu0
author: Whitcomb, Caroline Green
date: 2020-07-10
txt: ./txt/cord-028922-phmtkpu0.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-028922-phmtkpu0.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7347418/
doi: 10.1007/s42438-020-00161-0
abstract: nan
summary:
  Reading Slavoj Žižek''s (2020) Pandemic!: COVID-19 Shakes the World, I began to see I was not alone in my recent psychic intensities and the resulting questions (Bollas 2002: 48) . In Žižek''s second chapter, ''Why Are We Tired All the Time?'', he describes three groups of workers: ''self-employed and self-exploited workers in the developed West, debilitating assembly line work in the Third World, [and] the growing domain of human care workers in all its forms where exploitation abounds...Each of the three groups implies a specific mode of being tired and overworked'' (23). In the USA, Žižek''s hope for a unified humanity appears to be an unrealized dream. While we have not unified humanity, maybe the pandemic driven discovery of the necessity of quiet time, personal coping tools, authentic love, and the beauty of basics will move us one step closer towards each other and Žižek''s vision of global solidarity.

title:
  Review of Slavoj Žižek (2020). Pandemic!: COVID-19 Shakes the World: New York and London: OR Books. 140 pp. ISBN 9781682193013 (Paperback)


id: cord-030957-45tc5ksf
title: The politics of precarity
author: Schaap, Andrew
date: 2020-08-28
txt: ./txt/cord-030957-45tc5ksf.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-030957-45tc5ksf.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7453180/
doi: 10.1057/s41296-020-00435-z
abstract: nan
summary:
  In the final chapters, Apostolidis explores how worker centres might also function synecdochally insofar as the purpose of association is construed not only instrumentally, as protection against the risks associated with precarity, but in terms of their constitutive potential to sustain convivial networks of political possibility for more mutually supportive, creative and pluralistic forms of solidarity than those afforded by traditional unionised spaces. Paul Apostolidis'' book The Fight for Time encapsulates a very similar kind of intellectual-political project as it also seeks to capture the self-understandings of migrant day labourers in their everyday struggles, to reflect on how they resonate with contemporary critical theoretical concepts and to learn how, taken together, these empirical and conceptual insights may lead us to a renewed vision of what a left politics might look like for our age.


id: cord-030998-1u3fme80
title: The COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons for Financially Fragile and Aging Societies
author: van Dalen, Hendrik P
date: 2020-07-30
txt: ./txt/cord-030998-1u3fme80.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-030998-1u3fme80.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7454871/
doi: 10.1093/workar/waaa011
summary:
  The financial fragility of households and the rising proportion of people becoming obese calls for intensified efforts, both by individuals and employers to create financial buffers and keep on investing in health. The financial fragility of households and the rising proportion of people becoming obese calls for intensified efforts, both by individuals and employers to create financial buffers and keep on investing in health. The financial fragility of organizations is a wake-up call that a short-term focus on efficiency can be counterproductive and may overturn the efforts to start working longer. To correct this state of affairs, societies can resort to different measures such as the long-term route of investing in financial literacy (Kaiser & Menkhoff, 2017) , but they can also take a more direct approach, such as by making supplementary pension savings by employers mandatory, or by nudging and informing workers in the direction of making their households more financially stable (Clark, Morrill, & Allen, 2012) .

abstract:
  The current COVID-19 crisis teaches organizations and households harsh lessons about the necessity of having buffers, to deal with the consequences of the COVID-19 virus. The financial fragility of households and the rising proportion of people becoming obese calls for intensified efforts, both by individuals and employers to create financial buffers and keep on investing in health. The financial fragility of organizations is a wake-up call that a short-term focus on efficiency can be counterproductive and may overturn the efforts to start working longer.


id: cord-031068-0k5lw6i1
title: Editorial: Unprecedented Times? Social Work and Society post-COVID-19
author: Golightley, Malcolm
date: 2020-08-05
txt: ./txt/cord-031068-0k5lw6i1.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-031068-0k5lw6i1.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7454413/
doi: 10.1093/bjsw/bcaa110
abstract: nan
summary:
  Although all articles published in the BJSW are, of course, evidence of social work research, the five grouped together at the start of this issue show some of the new directions being taken as well as providing evidence of the growing strength of the social work research community at all levels. The critical effect of the work environment is emphasised by Astvik, Welander and Larsson, who also looked at worker retention in another longitudinal study, this time of Swedish social services. Tudor used a positive critique to examine the practice accounts of school social workers, putting them alongside the main features of recovery policies which provide for individual assistance for vulnerable groups who are unlikely to access community self-help initiatives. This final group of articles all provide examples of research directly informing social work practise in different ways.


id: cord-033693-zx5g5dyg
title: Chemical 24/7
author: Hardon, Anita
date: 2020-10-14
txt: ./txt/cord-033693-zx5g5dyg.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-033693-zx5g5dyg.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7552726/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-57081-1_6
summary:
  This chapter shines a light on what happens in the dark: specifically, we present ethnographic insights from the nightlife economy and how chemicals enable youth to work "24/7." Producers, promoters, DJs, hosts, artists, performers, drag queens, musicians, stage managers, bartenders, hospitality girls, and dancers from Amsterdam, Brooklyn, Bira (Indonesia), and Puerto Princesa (the Philippines) share with the ChemicalYouth team the various stimulants they use to stay awake and perform their jobs during non-typical working hours, and the other chemicals that they take in order to be able to sleep and recover afterwards. In the Philippines and Indonesia our focused ethnographies examined how young people used stimulants to have energy and strength enough to conduct physically challenging work, laboring long hours as porters, construction workers, and security guards. Diego observed that being alert during their long shifts was a key challenge for these workers, and that they relied on energy drinks as the main substance they use to help stay awake.

abstract:
  This chapter shines a light on what happens in the dark: specifically, we present ethnographic insights from the nightlife economy and how chemicals enable youth to work “24/7.” Producers, promoters, DJs, hosts, artists, performers, drag queens, musicians, stage managers, bartenders, hospitality girls, and dancers from Amsterdam, Brooklyn, Bira (Indonesia), and Puerto Princesa (the Philippines) share with the ChemicalYouth team the various stimulants they use to stay awake and perform their jobs during non-typical working hours, and the other chemicals that they take in order to be able to sleep and recover afterwards. In Chemical 24/7 we compare and contrast the chemical practices of youth working at leisure industry sites in the global North to those of the low-income service sector and manual workers in the global South, and discuss how these different working conditions perpetuate chemical use. Our interlocutors rely on a range of chemicals for their work and social lives, and they develop practices to moderate their use in order to avoid adverse effects. Yet their practices differ depending on the availability, marketing, and policing of the substances.


id: cord-033825-d8toyha7
title: What Happened to International Labour Standards and Human Rights at Work?
author: Tapiola, Kari
date: 2020-10-17
txt: ./txt/cord-033825-d8toyha7.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-033825-d8toyha7.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7562825/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-55400-2_3
summary:
  The ILO introduced an extensive programme of assistance to developing countries for freedom of association, the right to collective bargaining, freedom from forced and child labour and multiform action against all forms of discrimination at work. These principles cover a broad scope of labour rights, starting with freedom of association, hours of work, employment policy, maternity protection, labour inspection, social security provisions, minimum age for employment and the health and safety of different categories of workers. In the new situation after the end of the Cold War and the global opening of markets, the Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work of 1998 and its follow-up activities expressed an underlying aim of the ILO: to strengthen the social dimension of international economic and social policies. In adopting the Centenary Declaration on the Future of Work, the 2019 International Labour Conference requested the Governing Body "to consider, as soon as possible, proposals for including safe and healthy working conditions in the ILO''s framework of fundamental principles and rights at work".

abstract:
  The social rules of a universal market economy, created by globalization, are based on the standards adopted by the ILO since 1919. Among them a special role belongs to fundamental principles and rights at work, comprised in an ILO Declaration in 1998. They provide for freedom of association, collective bargaining and the elimination of child and forced labour and discrimination. There is a growing debate on how other standards should be linked to fundamental rights and not seen as less important instruments. Technical cooperation has demonstrated that, in any case, implementing fundamental rights leads to strengthening of law and practice on wages, social security and occupational safety and health. All international labour standards (Conventions, Recommendations and Protocols) are derived from the labour principles of the ILO Constitution, and they are closely connected with one another. While the role of the state remains crucial—especially in times of crisis—much of the implementation of labour standards should be achieved through collective bargaining and other negotiations, while voluntary agreements between the social partners are generally legally binding.


id: cord-146850-5x6qs2i4
title: The State of AI Ethics Report (June 2020)
author: Gupta, Abhishek
date: 2020-06-25
txt: ./txt/cord-146850-5x6qs2i4.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-146850-5x6qs2i4.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.14662v1.pdf
doi: nan
summary:
  Another point brought up in the article is that social media companies might themselves be unwilling to tolerate scraping of their users'' data to do this sort of vetting which against their terms of use for access to the APIs. Borrowing from the credit reporting world, the Fair Credit Reporting Act in the US offers some insights when it mentions that people need to be provided with a recourse to correct information that is used about them in making a decision and that due consent needs to be obtained prior to utilizing such tools to do a background check. Given that AI systems operate in a larger socio-technical ecosystem, we need to tap into fields like law and policy making to come up with effective ways of integrating ethics into AI systems, part of which can involve creating binding legal agreements that tie in with economic incentives.While policy making and law are often seen as slow to adapt to fast changing technology, there are a variety of benefits to be had, for example higher customer trust for services that have adherence to stringent regulations regarding privacy and data protection.

abstract:
  These past few months have been especially challenging, and the deployment of technology in ways hitherto untested at an unrivalled pace has left the internet and technology watchers aghast. Artificial intelligence has become the byword for technological progress and is being used in everything from helping us combat the COVID-19 pandemic to nudging our attention in different directions as we all spend increasingly larger amounts of time online. It has never been more important that we keep a sharp eye out on the development of this field and how it is shaping our society and interactions with each other. With this inaugural edition of the State of AI Ethics we hope to bring forward the most important developments that caught our attention at the Montreal AI Ethics Institute this past quarter. Our goal is to help you navigate this ever-evolving field swiftly and allow you and your organization to make informed decisions. This pulse-check for the state of discourse, research, and development is geared towards researchers and practitioners alike who are making decisions on behalf of their organizations in considering the societal impacts of AI-enabled solutions. We cover a wide set of areas in this report spanning Agency and Responsibility, Security and Risk, Disinformation, Jobs and Labor, the Future of AI Ethics, and more. Our staff has worked tirelessly over the past quarter surfacing signal from the noise so that you are equipped with the right tools and knowledge to confidently tread this complex yet consequential domain.


id: cord-223560-ppu6idl2
author: Russo, Daniel
date: 2020-07-24
txt: ./txt/cord-223560-ppu6idl2.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-223560-ppu6idl2.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.12580v1.pdf
doi: nan
summary:
  Results include (1) the quality of social contacts predicted positively, and stress predicted an individual''s well-being negatively when controlling for other variables consistently across both waves; (2) boredom and distractions predicted productivity negatively; (3) productivity was less strongly associated with all predictor variables at time two compared to time one, suggesting that software engineers adapted to the lockdown situation over time; and (4) the longitudinal study did not provide evidence that any predictor variable causal explained variance in well-being and productivity. Therefore, there is a compelling need for longitudinal applied research that draws on theories and findings from various scientific fields to identify variables that uniquely predict the well-being and productivity of software professionals during the 2020 quarantine, for both the current and potential future lockdowns. Second, this approach simultaneously allows us to test whether models developed in an organizational context such as the two-factor theory [48] can also predict people''s well-being in general and whether variables that were associated with well-being for people being quarantined also explain productivity.

title:
  Predictors of Well-being and Productivity among Software Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic -- A Longitudinal Study

abstract:
  The COVID-19 pandemic has forced governments worldwide to impose movement restrictions on their citizens. Although critical to reducing the virus' reproduction rate, these restrictions come with far-reaching social and economic consequences. In this paper, we investigate the impact of these restrictions on an individual level among software engineers currently working from home. Although software professionals are accustomed to working with digital tools, but not all of them remotely, in their day-to-day work, the abrupt and enforced work-from-home context has resulted in an unprecedented scenario for the software engineering community. In a two-wave longitudinal study ($N~=~192$), we covered over 50 psychological, social, situational, and physiological factors that have previously been associated with well-being or productivity. Examples include anxiety, distractions, psychological and physical needs, office set-up, stress, and work motivation. This design allowed us to identify those variables that explain unique variance in well-being and productivity. Results include (1) the quality of social contacts predicted positively, and stress predicted an individual's well-being negatively when controlling for other variables consistently across both waves; (2) boredom and distractions predicted productivity negatively; (3) productivity was less strongly associated with all predictor variables at time two compared to time one, suggesting that software engineers adapted to the lockdown situation over time; and (4) the longitudinal study did not provide evidence that any predictor variable causal explained variance in well-being and productivity. Our study can assess the effectiveness of current work-from-home and general well-being and productivity support guidelines and provide tailored insights for software professionals.


id: cord-254779-cad6pb3n
author: Asakura, Kenta
date: 2020-09-24
txt: ./txt/cord-254779-cad6pb3n.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-254779-cad6pb3n.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10615-020-00772-x
doi: 10.1007/s10615-020-00772-x
summary:
  This article reports a scoping review designed to synthesize current literature that used simulation as an investigative methodology (simulation-based research; SBR) in researching practice competencies in clinical social work. The purpose of this scoping review was to systematically search and summarize the current state of social work literature, in which simulation (e.g., trained actors as standardized clients, virtual reality, staged environments) was used as an investigative methodology in researching practice competencies. Using our content expertise, the lead author (KA) and a second team member (KS) worked together to develop the following inclusion criteria to identify empirical studies written in English and published in peer-review journals: (1) used simulation-based data (e.g., live SPs, video-recordings of SPs, virtual reality, data available from OSCE), (2) examined practice competencies (i.e., knowledge, values, and skills) related to clinical social work, and (3) included study samples comprised of social workers, social work students, or social work supervisors.

title:
  Using Simulation as an Investigative Methodology in Researching Competencies of Clinical Social Work Practice: A Scoping Review

abstract:
  This article reports a scoping review designed to synthesize current literature that used simulation as an investigative methodology (simulation-based research; SBR) in researching practice competencies in clinical social work. Following Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review framework, 24 articles were included in this scoping review. The majority of articles reported SBR studies conducted in Canada and the U.S. and were published in the last 10 years, signifying that this is a burgeoning area of research in clinical social work. Areas of clinical competencies included professional decision-making (33%), the role of cognition and emotion (21%), attending to culture and diversity (21%), and others, such as supervision skills (8%). Using qualitative (46%), quantitative (42%), and mixed methods (13%) in research design, more than half of the SBR studies reported in the selected articles used live actors (54%) to simulate a realistic practice situation for research. Selected articles also offered both benefits and limitations of SBR in social work. We offer suggestions for when to use SBR for research on clinical social work practice and strengthening a collaboration between clinicians and researchers in advancing practice-informed research.


id: cord-256504-odbaubqm
author: Kuo, Fang‐Li
date: 2020-08-19
txt: ./txt/cord-256504-odbaubqm.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-256504-odbaubqm.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1002/kjm2.12294
doi: 10.1002/kjm2.12294
summary:
  The questionnaire included items on the demographic characteristics of hospital staff and a scale to assess stress among healthcare workers caring for patients with a highly infectious disease. The five highest stress scores were observed for the items "rough and cracked hands due to frequent hand washing and disinfectant use," "inconvenience in using the toilet at work," "restrictions on eating and drinking at work," "fear of transmitting the disease to relatives and friends," and "fear of being infected with COVID‐19." Discomfort caused by protective equipment was the major stressor for the participants, followed by burden of caring for patients. This could be attributed to physical discomfort caused by protective equipment, also, nurses often Previous studies have shown that work stress is related to one''s demographic characteristics, 13, 17 and that child care at home is a common problem for hospital staff, 28, 29 which is an important factor leading to work-family conflicts.

title:
  Survey on perceived work stress and its influencing factors among hospital staff during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Taiwan

abstract:
  This study aimed to investigate the perceived work stress and its influencing factors among hospital staff during the novel coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic in Taiwan. A web‐based survey was conducted at one medical center and two regional hospitals in southern Taiwan, targeting physicians, nurses, medical examiners, and administrators. The questionnaire included items on the demographic characteristics of hospital staff and a scale to assess stress among healthcare workers caring for patients with a highly infectious disease. A total of 752 valid questionnaires were collected. The hospital staff reported a moderate level of stress and nurses had a highest level of stress compared to staff in the other three occupational categories. The five highest stress scores were observed for the items “rough and cracked hands due to frequent hand washing and disinfectant use,” “inconvenience in using the toilet at work,” “restrictions on eating and drinking at work,” “fear of transmitting the disease to relatives and friends,” and “fear of being infected with COVID‐19.” Discomfort caused by protective equipment was the major stressor for the participants, followed by burden of caring for patients. Among participants who experienced severe stress (n = 129), work stress was higher among those with rather than without minor children. The present findings may serve as a reference for future monitoring of hospital staff's workload, and may aid the provision of support and interventions.


id: cord-257069-fs2fkidt
author: Griffiths, D.
date: 2020-09-09
txt: ./txt/cord-257069-fs2fkidt.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-257069-fs2fkidt.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.06.20189514v1?rss=1
doi: 10.1101/2020.09.06.20189514
summary:
  The odds of high psychological distress (AOR=5.43-8.36), poor mental (AOR=1.92-4.53) and physical health (AOR=1.93-3.90) were increased in those reporting fewer social interactions or less financial resources. Conclusion: Losing work during the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with mental and physical health problems, and this relationship is moderated by social interactions and financial resources. This study aimed to determine whether losing work during the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with poorer mental and physical health, and to determine if financial resources and social interactions moderate the relationship between work loss and health. This study demonstrates that in a cohort of people employed prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, those experiencing work loss are more likely to report psychological distress, and poor mental and physical health compared to those whose work was unaffected. Those in the job loss group had the greatest odds of reporting high psychological distress, poor mental and physical health than those in the other study groups.

title:
  The impact of work loss on mental and physical health during the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from a prospective cohort study

abstract:
  Objective: To determine if losing work during the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with mental and physical health. To determine if social interactions and financial resources moderate the relationship between work loss and health. Design: Baseline data from a prospective longitudinal cohort study. Setting: Australia, 27th March to 12th June 2020. Participants: Australians aged 18+ years, employed in a paid job prior to the COVID-19 pandemic who responded to an online or telephone survey. Main Outcome Measures: Kessler-6 score > 18 indicating high psychological distress. Short Form 12 (SF-12) mental health or physical health component score <= 45 indicating poor mental or physical health. Results: 2,603 respondents including groups who had lost their job (N=541), were not working but remained employed (N=613), were working less (N=789) and whose work was unaffected (N=789). Three groups experiencing work loss had greater odds of high psychological distress (AOR=2.22-3.66), poor mental (AOR=1.78-2.27) and physical health (AOR=2.10-2.12) than the unaffected work group. Poor mental health was more common than poor physical health. The odds of high psychological distress (AOR=5.43-8.36), poor mental (AOR=1.92-4.53) and physical health (AOR=1.93-3.90) were increased in those reporting fewer social interactions or less financial resources. Conclusion: Losing work during the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with mental and physical health problems, and this relationship is moderated by social interactions and financial resources. Responses that increase financial security and enhance social connections may partially alleviate the health impacts of work loss.


id: cord-257718-72b0edg6
title: The COVID-19 reset: lessons from the pandemic on Burnout and the Practice of Surgery
author: Romanelli, John
date: 2020-10-13
txt: ./txt/cord-257718-72b0edg6.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-257718-72b0edg6.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-020-08072-8
doi: 10.1007/s00464-020-08072-8
summary:
  Although many mechanisms to address Burnout are from a defensive standpoint—including coping mechanisms, problem solving, and identification of a physician having wellness difficulties—offensive mechanisms such as pursuing purpose and meaning and finding joy in one''s work can serve as reset points that promote thriving and fulfillment. Strategies such as mindfulness training, exercise, taking time-off and ways to improve work/life integration seemed to say that the problem was with the doctors, failing to target significant underlying problems related to the electronic medical record (EMR), performance metrics and lack of flexibility and autonomy that diverted us from activities to improve patient care while taking care of ourselves [1] . The objectives were to identify strategies that promote joy in the practice of surgery, both through identification of surgeon habits that support optimal performance but also through encouraging institutions to commit to healthier, more efficient and positive work environments. Surgeons may be vulnerable to a lack of joy, even Burnout when professional pursuits lose their meaning and purpose, a negative influence which can impact personal lives and relationships.

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Burnout among physicians is an increasing concern, and surgeons are not immune to this threat. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has caused dramatic changes to surgeon workflow, often leading to redeployment to other clinical areas, slowdown and shutdown of elective surgery practices, and an uncertain future of surgical practice in the post-pandemic setting. Paradoxically, for many surgeons who had to prepare for but not immediately care for a major surge, the crisis did allow for reflective opportunities and a resetting of priorities that could serve to mitigate chronic patterns contributory to Burnout. METHODS: SAGES Reimagining the Practice of Surgery task force convened a webinar to discuss lessons learned from the COVID pandemic that may address burnout. RESULTS: Burnout is multifactorial and may vary in cause among different generation/experience groups. Those that report burnout symptoms often complain of lacking purpose or meaning in their work. Although many mechanisms to address Burnout are from a defensive standpoint—including coping mechanisms, problem solving, and identification of a physician having wellness difficulties—offensive mechanisms such as pursuing purpose and meaning and finding joy in one's work can serve as reset points that promote thriving and fulfillment. Understanding what motivates physicians will help physician leaders to develop and sustain effective teams. Reinvigorating the surgical workforce around themes of meaning and joy in the service rendered via our surgical skills may diminish Burnout through generative and aspirational strategies, as opposed to merely reactive ones. Fostering an educational environment free of discriminatory or demeaning behavior may produce a new workforce conducive to enhanced and resilient wellbeing at the start of careers. CONCLUSION: Surgeon wellness and self-care must be considered an important factor in the future of all healthcare delivery systems, a need reaffirmed by the COVID-19 pandemic.


id: cord-266405-l102f1e3
title: What is known about paediatric nurse burnout: a scoping review
author: Buckley, Laura
date: 2020-02-11
txt: ./txt/cord-266405-l102f1e3.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-266405-l102f1e3.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32046721/
doi: 10.1186/s12960-020-0451-8
summary:
  Given the prevalence and impact of burnout on a variety of important outcomes, it is imperative that nursing schools, nursing management, healthcare organizations, and nursing professional associations work to develop and test the interventions to address key attitudinal and environmental factors that are most relevant to pediatric nurses. [56] 302 Nurses rated lack of regular staff meetings, dissatisfaction with the quality of the decision-making process, and providing futile treatment as significantly more stressful than physicians did Factors associated with triggering burnout: seeing too many painful procedures done to children, seeing too much sadness, seeing too much death, angry, yelling families, and non-compliant patients/ families Systems triggers: unreasonable policies, staffing shortages, insurance frustrations, paperwork, need to justify their position, and general healthcare system dysfunction Role-specific triggers: lack of support, feeling you are on your own, less respondents cited unclear expectations, change in role and lack of challenge Work overload: excessive demands of work

abstract:
  Burnout in healthcare providers has impacts at the level of the individual provider, patient, and organization. While there is a substantial body of literature on burnout in healthcare providers, burnout in pediatric nurses has received less attention. This subpopulation may be unique from adult care nurses because of the specialized nature of providing care to children who are typically seen as a vulnerable population, the high potential for empathetic engagement, and the inherent complexities in the relationships with families. Thus, the aim of this scoping review was to investigate, among pediatric nurses, (i) the prevalence and/or degree of burnout, (ii) the factors related to burnout, (iii) the outcomes of burnout, and (iv) the interventions that have been applied to prevent and/or mitigate burnout. This scoping review was performed according to the PRISMA Guidelines Scoping Review Extension. CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ASSIA, and The Cochrane Library were searched on 3 November 2018 to identify relevant quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method studies on pediatric nurse burnout. Our search identified 78 studies for inclusion in the analysis. Across the included studies, burnout was prevalent in pediatric nurses. A number of factors were identified as impacting burnout including nurse demographics, work environment, and work attitudes. Similarly, a number of outcomes of burnout were identified including nurse retention, nurse well-being, patient safety, and patient-family satisfaction. Unfortunately, there was little evidence of effective interventions to address pediatric nurse burnout. Given the prevalence and impact of burnout on a variety of important outcomes, it is imperative that nursing schools, nursing management, healthcare organizations, and nursing professional associations work to develop and test the interventions to address key attitudinal and environmental factors that are most relevant to pediatric nurses.


id: cord-268522-mjydf0k0
title: Resumption of work in the building and public works sector
author: nan
date: 2020-05-25
txt: ./txt/cord-268522-mjydf0k0.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-268522-mjydf0k0.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0001407920303216
doi: 10.1016/j.banm.2020.05.084
abstract: nan
summary:
  authors: nan Concerned about this situation, the National Academy of Medicine recommends that workers without risk factors return to work first, before more vulnerable workers. • make available to employees all facilities for hand washing or the use of hydro-alcoholic gel; • have any worker presenting signs suggestive of Covid-19 infection tested without delay and organize his immediate return home; • regularly clean the workstation with a virucidal product complying with standard EN 14476; • reinforce the cleaning of common areas and objects handled by several people with a virucidal product; • strictly enforce the ban on drinking, eating or smoking in the workplace; • use work clothes different from those worn on the way to and from work; • comply with barrier measures (distance and wearing of masks) in public transport.


id: cord-272406-h22atwd4
title: The Principal at Risk: Stress and Organizing Mindfulness in the School Context
author: Diotaiuti, Pierluigi
date: 2020-08-31
txt: ./txt/cord-272406-h22atwd4.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-272406-h22atwd4.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32878001/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17176318
summary:
  Methods: This study was voluntarily attended by 419 Italian school principals who were administered the Psychological Stress Measurement (MSP), Mindfulness Organizing Scale (MOS), Polychronic-Monochronic Tendency Scale (PMTS), and the Scale of Emotions at Work (SEW). The effect of depressive anxiety on perceived discomfort (ß = 0.517) found a protective mediator in the mindfulness component that recognizes the sharing as a fundamental operational tool (ß = −0.206), while an increasing sense of effort and confusion could significantly amplify the experience of psychological discomfort associated with the exercise of school leadership (ß = 0.254). The first analyses of our study have indicated that the general perception of the principal''s working discomfort presents on the one hand an association with the level of stress, which contributes to increase the value of the discomfort, and on the other hand an equally significant association with organizing Mindfulness, which can substantially limit the negative effects of stress on perceived discomfort.

abstract:
  Background: In recent years the role of school principals is becoming increasingly complex and responsible. Methods: This study was voluntarily attended by 419 Italian school principals who were administered the Psychological Stress Measurement (MSP), Mindfulness Organizing Scale (MOS), Polychronic-Monochronic Tendency Scale (PMTS), and the Scale of Emotions at Work (SEW). Results: The study has produced a path analysis model in which the relationships between the main predictors of principals’ work discomfort were explained. The effect of depressive anxiety on perceived discomfort (ß = 0.517) found a protective mediator in the mindfulness component that recognizes the sharing as a fundamental operational tool (ß = −0.206), while an increasing sense of effort and confusion could significantly amplify the experience of psychological discomfort associated with the exercise of school leadership (ß = 0.254). Conclusions: The model developed in this study suggests that focusing on organizing mindfulness can be a valuable guideline for interventions.


id: cord-272923-5ekgb0zx
author: Hjálmsdóttir, Andrea
date: 2020-09-19
txt: ./txt/cord-272923-5ekgb0zx.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-272923-5ekgb0zx.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12552
doi: 10.1111/gwao.12552
summary:
  In Iceland, as elsewhere, women work part-time jobs in higher numbers, and mothers reduce their labor participation following childbirth more often than do fathers (Gíslason & Símonardóttir, 2018) . In the following example, a mother of a 2-year-old working in mass media, who worked entirely from home as did her husband, described one of her days like this: "I''m a little anxious because of all this, the situation in society. This is in accordance with previous studies on gendered control of time among parents (Bryson, 2016; Friedman, 2015) and new research conducted during Covid-19 that indicate that unpaid work performed by mothers has increased during the pandemic (Craig & Churchill, 2020; Manzo & Minello, 2020) . One of the patterns identified in the reflections of the women in our study was how they seemed to be stunned by how uneven the division of labor turned out to be during the pandemic and how much time and energy they devoted to household chores and the management of the household, carrying out the mental work within the family.

title:
  “I have turned into a foreman here at home.” Families and work‐life balance in times of Covid‐19 in a gender equality paradise.

abstract:
  This article explores the gendered realities of work‐life balance in Iceland during the Covid‐19 pandemic, in particular how these societal changes reflect and affect the gendered division of unpaid labor, such as childcare and household chores. The study draws on open ended real‐time diary entries, collected for two weeks during the peak of the pandemic in Iceland. The entries represent the voices of 37 mothers in heteronormative relationships. The findings imply that, during the pandemic, the mothers took on greater mental work than before. They also described intense emotional labor, as they tried to keep everyone calm and safe. The division of tasks at home lay on their shoulders, causing them stress and frustration. The findings suggest that, even in a country that has been at the top of the Gender Gap Index for several years, an unprecedented situation like Covid‐19 can reveal and exaggerate strong gender norms and expectations towards mothers. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


id: cord-278379-wr8j6j36
title: MGNREGA in the Times of COVID-19 and Beyond: Can India do More with Less?
author: Vasudevan, Gayathri
date: 2020-09-08
txt: ./txt/cord-278379-wr8j6j36.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-278379-wr8j6j36.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32921943/
doi: 10.1007/s41027-020-00247-0
summary:
  This paper makes a case for reorienting a small portion of MGNREGA spending to create micro-entrepreneurs out of the ''reverse migrating'' masons, electricians, plumbers and others in rural areas who can directly contribute to augmenting health and sanitization infrastructure in the likely new normal. We propose approval of a new work type for sanitization works without any hard asset creation under MGNREGA and roping in the private sector for its project management skills to quickly skill up the returning migrants as well as to match work with workers on an ongoing basis. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (referred to as MGNREGA 1 hereafter) was introduced by Government of India in 2005 to target causes of chronic poverty through the ''works'' (projects) that are undertaken, and thus ensuring sustainable development for all.

abstract:
  Covid-19 has ushered in a renewed focus on health, sanitisation and, in unexpected ways, on the need for productive employment opportunities in rural India. MGNREGA, the rural employment guarantee programme, has had a mixed track record in terms of providing adequate employment to those who need it the most, the quality of asset creation and adequacy of wages offered. This paper makes a case for reorienting a small portion of MGNREGA spending to create micro-entrepreneurs out of the ‘reverse migrating’ masons, electricians, plumbers and others in rural areas who can directly contribute to augmenting health and sanitization infrastructure in the likely new normal. This will provide relief to those whose livelihoods have been severely impacted and eventually lower dependence on public finances. We propose approval of a new work type for sanitization works without any hard asset creation under MGNREGA and roping in the private sector for its project management skills to quickly skill up the returning migrants as well as to match work with workers on an ongoing basis.


id: cord-278389-cgktbqf9
title: Opening the Workplace After COVID-19: What Lessons Can be Learned from Return-to-Work Research?
author: Shaw, William S.
date: 2020-06-19
txt: ./txt/cord-278389-cgktbqf9.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-278389-cgktbqf9.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32562129/
doi: 10.1007/s10926-020-09908-9
abstract: nan
summary:
  Just as injury and illness have variable effects on workability, the COVID-19 crisis is likely to impact workers differently because of issues like threat of viral infection, health vulnerability, organizational perceptions, income levels, and seniority/job tenure. The existing occupational rehabilitation literature has shown how return-to-work and other worker health and safety outcomes are stratified by income, language, immigration status, social rank, and other measures of socioeconomic advantage or disadvantage. Successful opening of workplaces during the COVID-19 pandemic will require significant changes to organizational health and safety policies and practices to show flexibility to individual worker needs, to be fair to workers with less socioeconomic advantage, and to understand the backdrop of stress and social disruption being experienced at all levels of society.


id: cord-278554-rg92gcc6
author: Aoyagi, Yumiko
date: 2015-04-23
txt: ./txt/cord-278554-rg92gcc6.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-278554-rg92gcc6.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25807865/
doi: 10.1111/irv.12310
summary:
  To estimate the proportion of healthcare workers (HCWs) willing to work during an influenza pandemic and identify associated risk factors, we undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis compliant with PRISMA guidance. Meta-analyses of specific factors showed that male HCWs, physicians and nurses, full-time employment, perceived personal safety, awareness of pandemic risk and clinical knowledge of influenza pandemics, role-specific knowledge, pandemic response training, and confidence in personal skills were statistically significantly associated with increased willingness. Data extraction was performed by a single researcher (YA) using a piloted form collecting details of study characteristics {title, author, publication year, place, study period, study design, participants, subject [pandemic of avian influenza origin/influenza A(H1N1)pdm09/non-specified, hypothetical influenza pandemic]}; definition of outcome measures; questionnaire type; validation; statistical analysis and any stated limitations; percentage of willingness to work; and risk factors association with willingness.

title:
  Healthcare workers'' willingness to work during an influenza pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis

abstract:
  To estimate the proportion of healthcare workers (HCWs) willing to work during an influenza pandemic and identify associated risk factors, we undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis compliant with PRISMA guidance. Databases and grey literature were searched to April 2013, and records were screened against protocol eligibility criteria. Data extraction and risk of bias assessments were undertaken using a piloted form. Random-effects meta-analyses estimated (i) pooled proportion of HCWs willing to work and (ii) pooled odds ratios of risk factors associated with willingness to work. Heterogeneity was quantified using the I(2) statistic, and publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's test. Data were synthesized narratively where meta-analyses were not possible. Forty-three studies met our inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of the proportion of HCWs willing to work was abandoned due to excessive heterogeneity (I(2) = 99·2%). Narrative synthesis showed study estimates ranged from 23·1% to 95·8% willingness to work, depending on context. Meta-analyses of specific factors showed that male HCWs, physicians and nurses, full-time employment, perceived personal safety, awareness of pandemic risk and clinical knowledge of influenza pandemics, role-specific knowledge, pandemic response training, and confidence in personal skills were statistically significantly associated with increased willingness. Childcare obligations were significantly associated with decreased willingness. HCWs' willingness to work during an influenza pandemic was moderately high, albeit highly variable. Numerous risk factors showed a statistically significant association with willingness to work despite significant heterogeneity between studies. None of the included studies were based on appropriate theoretical constructs of population behaviour.


id: cord-278870-pct184oa
author: Finell, Eerika
date: 2020-10-19
txt: ./txt/cord-278870-pct184oa.txt
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extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207623
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207623
summary:
  title: The Combined Effect of Perceived COVID-19 Infection Risk at Work and Identification with Work Community on Psychosocial Wellbeing among Finnish Social Sector and Health Care Workers We examined the combined effect of perceived risk associated with COVID-19 infection at work and work community identification on psychosocial well-being (i.e., frequency of stress symptoms) among health care and social sector workers in Finland (N = 1279). Thus, when occupational organizations consider protective strategies against stress that is related to COVID-19 infection risk at work among social sector and health care workers, promoting identification with their work community might be one key protective factor that can buffer this stress. This article analyses the combined effect of the perceived risk associated with COVID-19 infection at work with work community identification on psychosocial well-being (i.e., frequency of stress symptoms) among health care and social sector workers in Finland.

title:
  The Combined Effect of Perceived COVID-19 Infection Risk at Work and Identification with Work Community on Psychosocial Wellbeing among Finnish Social Sector and Health Care Workers

abstract:
  It has been well documented that both risk perception and group identification are related to psychosocial well-being. However, their combined effect has rarely been analyzed. We examined the combined effect of perceived risk associated with COVID-19 infection at work and work community identification on psychosocial well-being (i.e., frequency of stress symptoms) among health care and social sector workers in Finland (N = 1279). Data were collected via an online questionnaire in June 2020 and analyses of covariance were conducted. Perceived COVID-19 infection risk at work was classified into high, medium and low risk. In total, 41% of participants reported a high risk. After all background variables were included, participants who reported high perceived infection risk and low work community identification reported stress symptoms more often than those who reported high perceived risk and high identification (p = 0.010). Similarly, the former differed significantly from all other comparison groups (medium and low risk, p < 0.001), being the most stressed. We found that perceived infection risk and work community identification were not related to each other. Our conclusion is that high work community identification can buffer employee stress when faced with a high perceived health risk. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, work organizations with a high infection risk should advance the possibility of employees’ identification with their work community.


id: cord-280055-5iwo6tlb
title: The lose-lose dilemmas of Barcelona’s platform delivery workers in the age of COVID-19
author: Vieira, Tiago
date: 2020-12-31
txt: ./txt/cord-280055-5iwo6tlb.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2590291120300486
doi: 10.1016/j.ssaho.2020.100059
summary:
  COMPANY -dealing with aspects of the relation with the companies (mainly doubts and complaints shared among peers, before/instead of addressing the company itself); LABOR RHYTHM -related to the ongoing movement of demands made by clients (usually to assess if low levels of requests were an individual situation or a broader issue); POLICE/SECURITY -shared information about (past or present) police controls and other aspects that could jeopardize the security of PDW, such as requests for delivery of illicit substances; RENTED ACCOUNTS -information on accounts to be rented (essentially from people procuring them, but also some advertising and some doubts'' clarification); STATE -discussion all aspects related to the relation of PDW with the state, mainly: the decision of the state of emergency, its renewal and its implications, and clarification of doubts on issues related with taxes and social security; COVID -information and debate of news and concerns directly related to COVID-19 (the evolution of numbers, who is to blame, what measures to take to reduce of the possibility of being infected); SERVICES -advertisement, sharing or procurement of services, disregard how work-related they are: second-hand backpacks, bikes'' workshops, flats for rent, cigarettes, fuel, videogames or even direct requests to workers seeking to avoid the fees charged by the apps; OTHER -jokes, memes, motivational messages of various sorts.

abstract:
  The abrupt lockdown experienced by a big part of the world population due to the COVID-19 pandemic has bestowed upon home delivery services an unexpected importance. Officially considered amongst “essential services”, their workers circulate freely while most people are advised (when not forced) to stay in their homes. The present paper explores how this context helps to shed light on the precarious situation of the majority of the platform delivery workers (PDW). This is done through in-depth, semi-structured interviews and digital ethnography of the interactions within a WhatsApp group. The main finding is that the COVID-19 context deepened the precarization of the PDW confronting them with four dilemmas from which there is no way out.


id: cord-290717-rdu5na0g
title: Examining boundaries to understand the impact of COVID-19 on vocational behaviors
author: Cho, Eunae
date: 2020-05-08
txt: ./txt/cord-290717-rdu5na0g.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-290717-rdu5na0g.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0001879120300622
doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2020.103437
summary:
  I propose that the changes in the micro and macro boundaries are one of the important mechanisms in how COVID-19 affects many individuals'' vocational behaviors and career outcomes. We need to better understand the impact of the pandemic on work and careers to guide individuals to navigate through this dynamic situation. To this end, I call for research taking a closer look at the boundaries in the career context, both at the micro and macro levels, given their critical relevance to vocational behaviors and career outcomes. Given that support from other members of role domains is pivotal, another interesting J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f question is how dual-earner couples create rules and negotiate their work and family involvement. Concerning the macro boundary, an interesting question is what individuals do to minimize the disruptive impact of closed borders on their work, career, and family.

abstract:
  The COVID-19 has posed an unprecedented challenge to the global workforce. To better understand the impact of the pandemic on work and careers, I call for research taking a closer look at the boundaries in the career context. Specifically, both the micro (boundaries that demarcate role domains) and macro (national borders) boundaries should be considered. The pandemic changes the existing boundaries and challenges the “usual” practices; while it blurs the micro, cross-domain boundaries, it strengthens the macro, cross-country boundaries. I propose that the changes in the micro and macro boundaries are one of the important mechanisms in how COVID-19 affects many individuals' vocational behaviors and career outcomes. In this essay, I explain why we should pay more attention to the boundaries to learn about the impact of COVID-19 on vocational and career behaviors. I conclude with a discussion of several directions for future research.


id: cord-295778-5rftzv1n
title: Dependence and precarity in the platform economy
author: Schor, Juliet B.
date: 2020-08-07
txt: ./txt/cord-295778-5rftzv1n.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836676/
doi: 10.1007/s11186-020-09408-y
summary:
  We find that the extent to which workers are dependent on platform income to pay basic expenses rather than working for supplemental income explains the variation in outcomes, with supplemental earners being more satisfied and higher-earning. We selected seven platforms (Airbnb, TaskRabbit, Uber, Lyft, Postmates, Favor and Turo (originally named RelayRides)) that conform to the Commerce Department''s four criteria for "digital matching firms." These are 1) the use of information technology to facilitate peer-to-peer transactions, 2) crowdsourced ratings systems, 3) hours flexibility for workers, and 4) worker-provided tools and assets (Telles 2016, pp. Albert, a 33-year-old software worker, was drawn to the platform because "Well, it''s good income, first of all, for not very hard work I would say." He also likes "meeting different people" and "having people around." To most of our participants, the least enjoyable aspect of 9 Ravenelle (2019) groups respondents into three categories-success stories, strivers, and strugglers.

abstract:
  The rapid growth of Uber and analogous platform companies has led to considerable scholarly interest in the phenomenon of platform labor. Scholars have taken two main approaches to explaining outcomes for platform work—precarity, which focuses on employment classification and insecure labor, and technological control via algorithms. Both predict that workers will have relatively common experiences. On the basis of 112 in-depth interviews with workers on seven platforms (Airbnb, TaskRabbit, Turo, Uber, Lyft, Postmates, and Favor) we find heterogeneity of experiences across and within platforms. We argue that because platform labor is weakly institutionalized, worker satisfaction, autonomy, and earnings vary significantly across and within platforms, suggesting dominant interpretations are insufficient. We find that the extent to which workers are dependent on platform income to pay basic expenses rather than working for supplemental income explains the variation in outcomes, with supplemental earners being more satisfied and higher-earning. This suggests platforms are free-riding on conventional employers. We also find that platforms are hierarchically ordered, in terms of what providers can earn, conditions of work, and their ability to produce satisfied workers. Our findings suggest the need for a new analytic approach to platforms, which emphasizes labor force diversity, connections to conventional labor markets, and worker dependence.


id: cord-297635-higq7wje
title: A Feminist Perspective on COVID‐19 and the Value of Care Work Globally
author: Bahn, Kate
date: 2020-05-07
txt: ./txt/cord-297635-higq7wje.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12459
doi: 10.1111/gwao.12459
summary:
  The perceived low value of care work paid and unpaid -and women''s disproportionate responsibility in performing this work is an issue that has garnered long-term attention in the field of feminist economics, with valuable lessons for understanding how women are impacted by COVID-19 and mitigating hardships as countries navigate the related economic fallout (Power, 2004) . The value of women''s paid and unpaid labor is increasingly apparent with the spread of COVID-19: as school close, the role of teachersdisproportionately womenand public education as a mechanism of support and care-giving for families is laid bare, as women working for pay scramble to arrange childcare. Because women bear responsibility for social reproduction, during crises they may face increased pressure to substitute unpaid work for lost income, for example taking care of an ill relative at home rather than taking them to a clinic (ILO, 2018).

abstract:
  The shared response to the COVID‐19 crisis demonstrates that the vast majority of society believes human well‐being ‐ not economic growth ‐ should be at the center of policy. COVID‐19 exposes the foundational role of care work, both paid and unpaid, to functioning societies and economies. Focusing on "production" instead of the sustainable reproduction of human life devalues care work and those who perform it. Women's physical and mental health, and the societies that rely on them, are at stake. When these policies are formulated, the field of feminist economics has valuable lessons for mitigating hardships as countries navigate the related economic fallout. A comprehensive response to the COVID‐19 crisis must recognize this gendered work as an integral part of the economic system that promotes human well‐being for all.


id: cord-301000-ozm5f5dy
title: A Wench’s Guide to Surviving a ‘Global’ Pandemic Crisis: Feminist Publishing in a Time of COVID-19
author: Naqvi, Zainab Batul
date: 2020-09-04
txt: ./txt/cord-301000-ozm5f5dy.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-301000-ozm5f5dy.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32921935/
doi: 10.1007/s10691-020-09435-1
summary:
  For us, this has recently manifested in a collective statement on publishing and open access, which we have jointly produced and signed with several other intersectional feminist and social justice journal editorial boards. This is exhibited in our recent work to imagine what a life after existing models of open access could and should look like with our colleagues from other feminist and social justice journals (see below). • replacing the values of efficiency, transparency and compliance with those of equality, diversity, solidarity, care and inclusion • providing a more sustainable and equitable ecological economics of scholarly publishing in tune with social and environmental justice • working collectively and collaboratively rather than competitively • thinking and acting internationally, rather than through parochial national or regional policies • working across publishing and the academy with a view to responsible householding and accountability in both sectors • seeking to work across funding and institutional barriers, including between STEM and AHSS scholars • seeking further collaborations and partnerships in order to build new structures (disciplines, ethics, processes and practices of scholarship including peer review, citation, impact, engagement and metrics) and infrastructures to support a more healthy and diverse publishing ecology • challenging the technologisation and systematisation of research by working to increase our visibility as editors and academics making us and our publications more accessible and approachable for those who are minoritised in academic publishing

abstract:
  It has been quite a year so far(!) and as the wenches we are, we have been taking our time to collect our thoughts and reflections before sharing them at the start of this issue of the journal. In this editorial we think through the COVID-19 pandemic and its devastating effects on the world, on our lives and on our editorial processes. We renew our commitment to improving our operations as a journal and its health along with our own as we deploy wench tactics to restore, sustain and slow down to negotiate this new reality, this new world. We conclude with an introduction to the fascinating contents of this issue along with a collaborative statement of values on open access as part of a collective of intersectional feminist and social justice editors. Through all of the pain and suffering we focus our gaze on hope: hope that we can come through this global crisis together engaging in critical conversations about how we can be better and do better as editors, academics and individuals for ourselves, our colleagues and our journal.


id: cord-303878-v2n9jeeb
author: Stiles, Jonathan
date: 2020-09-05
txt: ./txt/cord-303878-v2n9jeeb.txt
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extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-020-10136-6
doi: 10.1007/s11116-020-10136-6
summary:
  (2017) used Canadian time use data to explore the relationship of working from different locations with travel, finding that some patterns of working from home were associated with less overall travel, a decreased likelihood of traveling at peak travel times, and an increased likelihood of using a non-motorized form of transport. The third section presents the results from the peak hour travel participation multinomial logistic regression models, and the final section augments this with a survival analysis of initial departure times to shed light on a mechanism of morning peak hour avoidance related to homebased work. When we combine homeworking with other non-workplace locations, such as someone who works at home in the morning and goes to a café to work later in the day, the higher likelihood of avoidance of at least some peak hour work travel remains.

title:
  Working at home and elsewhere: daily work location, telework, and travel among United States knowledge workers

abstract:
  The mediation of work practices by information and communication technologies enables knowledge workers to telework from remote non-office locations such as their homes, or to work nomadically from multiple locations in a day. This paper uses data from the American Time Use Survey to explore the relationship between daily work locations and travel in the United States from 2003 to 2017. Outcome variables include travel duration and travel during peak periods. Home is by far the most common non-office work location, but working from other people’s homes, cafés/libraries, vehicles, and combinations of multiple locations are also measured. Findings show that working from home only on a day (full-day telework) decreases daily travel duration and increases the likelihood of avoiding peak hour travel for both work and non-work related travel. However, for homeworkers who also conduct work from their workplace on the same day (part-day telework), there is no reduction in daily travel time, and avoiding peak hour travel is limited to work-related travel. Working from other locations such as cafés/libraries or vehicles increases the likelihood of not traveling at peak hours. Findings also indicate that morning peak periods are more affected by work location decisions than evening peak periods. A survival analysis of daily departure times for both full-day and part-day homeworkers provides insight into this mechanism. We conclude on the basis of these findings that demand management policies and peak avoidance incentives would be more effective if they encourage both temporal and spatial flexibility for employees when partnering with regional employers.


id: cord-304450-1ub3xzsv
title: Pandemic programming: How COVID-19 affects software developers and how their organizations can help
author: Ralph, Paul
date: 2020-09-14
txt: ./txt/cord-304450-1ub3xzsv.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-304450-1ub3xzsv.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-020-09875-y
doi: 10.1007/s10664-020-09875-y
summary:
  Confirmatory results include: (1) the pandemic has had a negative effect on developers'' wellbeing and productivity; (2) productivity and wellbeing are closely related; (3) disaster preparedness, fear related to the pandemic and home office ergonomics all affect wellbeing or productivity. Research question: How is working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic affecting software developers'' emotional wellbeing and productivity? (2007) found that organizational and job-related factors (e.g. management culture, human resources support, structure of feedback) are more likely to affect teleworking employees'' satisfaction and perceived productivity than work styles (e.g. planning vs. Research on working from home has been criticized for relying on self-reports of perceived productivity, which may inflate its benefits (Bailey and Kurland 2002) ; however, objective measures often lack construct validity (Ralph and Tempero 2018) and perceived productivity correlates well with managers'' appraisals (Baruch 1996) .

abstract:
  CONTEXT: As a novel coronavirus swept the world in early 2020, thousands of software developers began working from home. Many did so on short notice, under difficult and stressful conditions. OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the effects of the pandemic on developers’ wellbeing and productivity. METHOD: A questionnaire survey was created mainly from existing, validated scales and translated into 12 languages. The data was analyzed using non-parametric inferential statistics and structural equation modeling. RESULTS: The questionnaire received 2225 usable responses from 53 countries. Factor analysis supported the validity of the scales and the structural model achieved a good fit (CFI = 0.961, RMSEA = 0.051, SRMR = 0.067). Confirmatory results include: (1) the pandemic has had a negative effect on developers’ wellbeing and productivity; (2) productivity and wellbeing are closely related; (3) disaster preparedness, fear related to the pandemic and home office ergonomics all affect wellbeing or productivity. Exploratory analysis suggests that: (1) women, parents and people with disabilities may be disproportionately affected; (2) different people need different kinds of support. CONCLUSIONS: To improve employee productivity, software companies should focus on maximizing employee wellbeing and improving the ergonomics of employees’ home offices. Women, parents and disabled persons may require extra support.


id: cord-306504-0wq7rc6s
title: Aging at Work: A Review of Recent Trends and Future Directions
author: Barakovic Husic, Jasmina
date: 2020-10-20
txt: ./txt/cord-306504-0wq7rc6s.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-306504-0wq7rc6s.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207659
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207659
summary:
  In order to answer the research questions, we examined studies on the aging labour force that were published between January 2008 and August 2019, to recognize the trends in the literature written in English with respect to motivation issues and potential solutions. Older workers with high job satisfaction, development possibilities, affirmative relations to management, and no age discrimination stayed longer in the work market. Ageism, employment discrimination, gender, work [33] To investigate the age-related connection between job stress, extreme tiredness, prosperity, and associated personal, institutional, and community factors. Job/age/disability discrimination [36] To investigate the relation between psychosocial factors and pension intention of older employees, while considering healthiness and work ability. Older farmers, work-related musculoskeletal disorders, pension age [8] To investigate the action plans that workers use to acquire skills in software and complete assignments Exploratory study (interviews, surveys).

abstract:
  Demographic data suggest a rapid aging trend in the active workforce. The concept of aging at work comes from the urgent requirement to help the aging workforce of the contemporary industries to maintain productivity while achieving a work and private life balance. While there is plenty of research focusing on the aging population, current research activities on policies covering the concept of aging at work are limited and conceptually different. This paper aims to review publications on aging at work, which could lead to the creation of a framework that targets governmental decision-makers, the non-governmental sector, the private sector, and all of those who are responsible for the formulation of policies on aging at work. In August 2019 we searched for peer-reviewed articles in English that were indexed in PubMed, IEEE Xplore, and Springer and published between 2008 and 2019. The keywords included the following phrases: “successful aging at work”, “active aging at work”, “healthy aging at work”, “productive aging at work”, and “older adults at work”. A total of 47,330 publications were found through database searching, and 25,187 publications were screened. Afterwards, 7756 screened publications were excluded from the further analysis, and a total of 17,431 article abstracts were evaluated for inclusion. Finally, further qualitative analysis included 1375 articles, of which about 24 are discussed in this article. The most prominent works suggest policies that encourage life-long learning, and a workforce that comprises both younger and older workers, as well as gradual retirement.


id: cord-307952-mz9ucnxa
author: Dobusch, Laura
date: 2020-05-09
txt: ./txt/cord-307952-mz9ucnxa.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-307952-mz9ucnxa.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837007/
doi: 10.1111/gwao.12462
summary:
  In fact, the governance of im‐/mobilities follows and reinforces already prevalent inequality regimes based on class, gender and migration relations, thereby differentiating between bodies perceived as highly valuable and worth protecting and those categorized as less valued and potentially disposable. Third, and this is connected to the first two points, as the coronavirus can potentially infiltrate any social relationship and keeping in mind that a fundamental relationality is constitutive for the viability of human existence as such, the COVID-19 crisis management cannot simply follow established strategies of externalizing costs (as happened in the financial crisis 2007-08) or blaming certain groups for ''their own failure'' (as happened during the ''long summer of migration'' of 2015). In fact, the governance of im-/mobilities follows and reinforces already prevalent inequality regimes based on class, gender and migration relations. We illustrate this link between im-/mobility governance and pre-existing inequality regimes by the case of COVID-19 measures of the Austrian government and how they affected the organization of paid work.

title:
  Privilege and burden of im‐/mobility governance: On the reinforcement of inequalities during a pandemic lockdown

abstract:
  In order to contain the COVID‐19 pandemic, nation states have focused on governance of im‐/mobilities: Certain mobility restrictions were enforced, while simultaneously some forms of mobility were maintained or even enhanced in order to keep the system running in crisis mode. With a special focus on Austria, we analyze specific politics of im‐/mobilities concerning the organization of paid work and show how the socio‐spatial conditions of who is permitted, denied or urged to work are inextricably linked to inequalities. It becomes apparent that while in principle all bodies are equally dependent on collective social relations and enduring infrastructure, not everybody contributes equally to their maintenance. In fact, the governance of im‐/mobilities follows and reinforces already prevalent inequality regimes based on class, gender and migration relations, thereby differentiating between bodies perceived as highly valuable and worth protecting and those categorized as less valued and potentially disposable.


id: cord-308652-i6q23olv
author: Cobos-Sanchiz, David
date: 2020-06-30
txt: ./txt/cord-308652-i6q23olv.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-308652-i6q23olv.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32629853/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17134697
summary:
  The aim of this paper is therefore to understand the importance of work-related events and changes experienced in the last year in psychological distress and life satisfaction for young people in Spain, including satisfaction with the job role, self-esteem, and emotional and instrumental social support in the prediction model, all of which will be assessed by analyzing men and women separately. To test the hypotheses and determine the importance of the number of work-related events and changes, job satisfaction, self-esteem and social support in psychological distress, and life satisfaction amongst men and women, hierarchical multiple regression analyses were made. Model 3, with all the independent variables in the equation, predicted 28% In Table 1 are the correlation coefficients between the age, level of studies, number of work-related events and changes, job satisfaction, self-esteem and social support with the psychological distress, and life satisfaction amongst men and women.

title:
  The Importance of Work-Related Events and Changes in Psychological Distress and Life Satisfaction amongst Young Workers in Spain: A Gender Analysis

abstract:
  A relentless stream of social, technological, and economic changes have impacted the workplace, affecting young people in particular. Such changes can be a major source of stress and can cause a threat to health and well-being. The aim of this paper is to understand the importance of work-related events and changes in the psychological distress and life satisfaction of young workers in Spain. A transversal study was carried out on a sample comprising 509 men and 396 women aged between 26 and 35 years old. The results showed that there were no differences between the men and women in the number of work-related events and changes experienced in the last 12 months, nor in terms of job satisfaction. The results from the multiple regression analysis showed that a greater number of work-related events and changes experienced during the last 12 months were associated with increased psychological distress and reduced life satisfaction amongst men, but this was not the case for women. Although job satisfaction was independent from the men and women’s psychological distress when self-esteem and social support was included in the regression equation, greater job satisfaction was associated with greater life satisfaction for both men and women. It concludes that work-related events and job satisfaction are important for the health and well-being of young people, even though a larger number of work-related events and changes is associated with increased psychological distress and reduced life satisfaction for men only.


id: cord-314092-ph5vrba6
title: Impact of Digital Surge during Covid-19 Pandemic: A Viewpoint on Research and Practice
author: De’, Rahul
date: 2020-06-09
txt: ./txt/cord-314092-ph5vrba6.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-314092-ph5vrba6.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836633/
doi: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102171
summary:
  The Covid-19 pandemic has led to an inevitable surge in the use of digital technologies due to the social distancing norms and nationwide lockdowns. In the next section, we examine the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the use of digital technologies where we discuss some possible scenarios and research issues of the post-pandemic world. With the substantial use of technology in accessing basic requirements like health and education, it is imperative to understand the impact of the digital divide on social equality. 6. Given the significant role which the Internet is about to play in times to come, Internet intermediaries will work with government and civil society to address privacy and surveillance issues for better adoption of technology. For the Covid-19 pandemic, we envisage a dramatic shift in digital usage with impacts on all aspects of work and life.

abstract:
  The Covid-19 pandemic has led to an inevitable surge in the use of digital technologies due to the social distancing norms and nationwide lockdowns. People and organizations all over the world have had to adjust to new ways of work and life. We explore possible scenarios of the digital surge and the research issues that arise. An increase in digitalization is leading firms and educational institutions to shift to work-from-home (WFH). Blockchain technology will become important and will entail research on design and regulations. Gig workers and the gig economy is likely to increase in scale, raising questions of work allocation, collaboration, motivation, and aspects of work overload and presenteeism. Workplace monitoring and technostress issues will become prominent with an increase in digital presence. Online fraud is likely to grow, along with research on managing security. The regulation of the internet, a key resource, will be crucial post-pandemic. Research may address the consequences and causes of the digital divide. Further, the issues of net neutrality and zero-rating plans will merit scrutiny. A key research issue will also be the impact and consequences of internet shutdowns, frequently resorted to by countries. Digital money, too, assumes importance in crisis situations and research will address their adoption, consequences, and mode. Aspects of surveillance and privacy gain importance with increase digital usage.


id: cord-315126-713k0b9u
author: Rudolph, Cort W.
date: 2020-09-04
txt: ./txt/cord-315126-713k0b9u.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-315126-713k0b9u.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-020-09715-2
doi: 10.1007/s10869-020-09715-2
summary:
  Second, with these debunked myths as a backdrop, we focus on two alternative and complementary frameworks—the social constructionist perspective and the lifespan development perspective—with promise for changing the way we think about age, aging, and generations at work. We argue that the social constructionist perspective offers important opportunities for understanding the persistence and pervasiveness of generations and that, as an alternative to studying generations, the lifespan perspective represents a better model for understanding how age operates and development unfolds at work. These complementary approaches-the social constructionist and the lifespan development perspective-offer alternative paths forward for studying age and age-related processes at work that do not require a reliance on generational explanations. The social constructionist perspective also encourages changing the discourse among practitioners, shifting the focus away from managing generations as discrete groups and toward developing more age-conscious personnel practices, policies, and procedures that support workers across the entirety of their working lifespans (e.g., Rudolph & Zacher, 2020c) .

title:
  Generations and Generational Differences: Debunking Myths in Organizational Science and Practice and Paving New Paths Forward

abstract:
  Talk about generations is everywhere and particularly so in organizational science and practice. Recognizing and exploring the ubiquity of generations is important, especially because evidence for their existence is, at best, scant. In this article, we aim to achieve two goals that are targeted at answering the broad question: “What accounts for the ubiquity of generations despite a lack of evidence for their existence and impact?” First, we explore and “bust” ten common myths about the science and practice of generations and generational differences. Second, with these debunked myths as a backdrop, we focus on two alternative and complementary frameworks—the social constructionist perspective and the lifespan development perspective—with promise for changing the way we think about age, aging, and generations at work. We argue that the social constructionist perspective offers important opportunities for understanding the persistence and pervasiveness of generations and that, as an alternative to studying generations, the lifespan perspective represents a better model for understanding how age operates and development unfolds at work. Overall, we urge stakeholders in organizational science and practice (e.g., students, researchers, consultants, managers) to adopt more nuanced perspectives grounded in these models, rather than a generational perspective, to understand the influence of age and aging at work.


id: cord-321234-2nkktokz
title: ‘Shielded’ anaesthetists and intensivists during the COVID‐19 pandemic: a reply
author: El‐Ghazali, S.
date: 2020-07-06
txt: ./txt/cord-321234-2nkktokz.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1111/anae.15209
doi: 10.1111/anae.15209
abstract: nan
summary:
  We are aware that many colleagues, because of individual risk factors, have been community shielding, workplace shielding or have been undertaking duties vastly different from their usual scope of work. The Association has been involved in producing Vital Signs, a guide for anaesthetists seeking help and advice during the COVID crisis (https://anaesthetists.org/Portals/0/ PDFs/Guidelines%20PDFs/Vital_Signs_in_Anaesthesia2020. Sometimes guilt is socially useful, but we hope that colleagues will agree that those who have been quite rightly shielded by a responsible healthcare system should feel no guilt for this. We will continue to work independently and with other organisations to provide support to colleagues in times of difficulty. Subsequent guidance on shielding doctors returning to work will emerge and we encourage colleagues to keep an eye on the joint COVID guidance website (https://icma naesthesiacovid-19.org) and the usual social media channels. Shielded'' anaesthetists and intensivists during the COVID-19 pandemic


id: cord-324369-zizyxb6y
author: Baptista, João
date: 2020-06-29
txt: ./txt/cord-324369-zizyxb6y.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-324369-zizyxb6y.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0963868720300263
doi: 10.1016/j.jsis.2020.101618
summary:
  We see a gradual layering of progressively more complex workplace technologies within organisations (Kane, 2017) , from early workplace technologies based on individual office applications (Individual tools layer) to email, intranets, collaboration platforms and social media (Group and community layer) and, more recently, to advanced workplace technologies that add sensing devices, AI and cognitive knowledge and collaboration systems, robotic process automation and integrated digital platforms of work (Intelligent augmentation layer). More recently, we have seen the introduction of sophisticated algorithmic features and AI capabilities that leverage information and the features of individual and social workplace technologies to establish patterns of use that aim to anticipate worker and organisational needs and connect people with knowledge, and in some cases perform management functions, raising the possibility of removing the human from the loop.

title:
  Digital work and organisational transformation: Emergent digital/human work configurations in modern organisations

abstract:
  Abstract Workplace technologies are more central to working in organisations than ever before. These technologies began as instrumental aids to support office work of individuals but have since also become the basis for social interactions and community building in organisations and more recently become able to perform managerial roles with the use of advanced AI capabilities. Our call for papers to this special issue invited original studies to go further and advance our thinking on the strategic implications of this layered evolution of workplace technologies on work and the structure of organisations. In this introduction, we synthesise the main themes from the special issue, and also ongoing dialogues with the growing community at the regular AIS / IFIP 9.1 workshop on the Changing Nature of Work. A key observation is that the work involved in configuring emergent Digital/Human configurations, is vastly under-reported and poorly understood. Paradoxically, this configuring work is the most demanding and critical in the shaping of modern organisations. We suggest that this type of largely invisible work requires engagement beyond the level of execution or even the meaning of work, it requires intervening with third order effects that get to the core of what an organisation is. We highlight the challenges for organisations in dealing with third order change, particularly because these effects are beyond existing frames of reference and require more dynamic and supple responses based on the values, purpose andintent dominantin the organisation – we describe this as structural digital work. Leaders that are unable or unwilling to engage with effects at this level, and this type of work, will miss identifying core opportunities and risks associated with digital transformation emerging in organisations. We also reflect on the value of current theories and methods used to research this important and emergent phenomenon.


id: cord-326173-3x435v6q
author: Beck, Matthew J.
date: 2020-08-18
txt: ./txt/cord-326173-3x435v6q.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-326173-3x435v6q.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2020.08.004
doi: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2020.08.004
summary:
  We find that work from home has been a generally positive experience with a significant number of respondents liking to work from home moving forward, with varying degrees of employer support, at a level above those seen before COVID-19. Likewise, the Google Community Mobility Report (Google 2020) presented in Figure 4 (which aggregates data across Australia and compares to the median value for the corresponding day of the week during the 5-week period Jan 3-Feb 6, 2020 as a baseline) shows a sustained increase in time spent at work, retail and recreation, and parks, while time at home has slowly diminished. Given the anecdotal evidence in new media sources about increased use of active travel modes (Abano 2020, Landis-Hanley 2020) and greater use of public spaces for exercise and recreation (O''Sullivan 2020), questions were included in Wave 2 around whether or not respondents had felt they had increased or decreased use of different modes in the previous week, and how they were planning to change their use as restrictions were eased.

title:
  Insights into the impact of COVID-19 on household travel and activities in Australia – The early days of easing restrictions

abstract:
  The COVID-19 disease continues to cause unparalleled disruption to life and the economy world over. This paper is the second in what will be an ongoing series of analyses of a longitudinal travel and activity survey. In this paper we examine data collected over a period of late May to early June in Australia, following four-to-six weeks of relatively flat new cases in COVID-19 after the initial nationwide outbreak, as many state jurisdictions have begun to slowly ease restrictions designed to limit the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. We find that during this period, travel activity has started to slowly return, in particular by private car, and in particular for the purposes of shopping and social or recreational activities. Respondents indicate comfort with the idea of meeting friends or returning to shops, so authorities need to be aware of potential erosion of social distancing and appropriate COVID-safe behaviour in this regard. There is still a concern about using public transport, though it has diminished noticeably since the first wave of data collection. We see that working from home continues to be an important strategy in reducing travel and pressure on constrained transport networks, and a policy measure that if carried over to a post-pandemic world, will be an important step towards a more sustainable transport future. We find that work from home has been a generally positive experience with a significant number of respondents liking to work from home moving forward, with varying degrees of employer support, at a level above those seen before COVID-19. Thus, any investment to capitalise on current levels of work from home should be viewed as an investment in transport.


id: cord-327887-14tcoqdi
author: Chen, I-Shuo
date: 2020-06-30
txt: ./txt/cord-327887-14tcoqdi.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-327887-14tcoqdi.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32834349/
doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102600
summary:
  In light of the above, it is valuable and important to study how employees in service settings like hospitality manage these resources and demands across domains (e.g., home to work) and how this management impacts their subsequent behaviors (e.g., work engagement) to comprehensively understand the role of personal resources in their behaviors from a cross-domain perspective and to address the knowledge gap in the literature. Conventional studies and theories, such as the job demands-resources model, posit that individuals become less engaged due to the exhaustion of available personal resources at work and that they become more engaged due to an improved sense of ability to perform effectively at work (e.g., Breevaart et al., 2019; Conway et al., 2016; Demerouti et al., 2016; Ott et al., 2019) .

title:
  Personal resources and personal demands for work engagement: Evidence from employees in the service industry

abstract:
  Conventional studies have widely demonstrated that individuals’ engagement at work depends on their personal resources, which are affected by environmental influences, especially those derived from the workplace and home domains. In this study, we examine whether a change in work engagement may be based on individuals’ decisions in managing their personal resources. We use the conservation of resources (COR) theory to explain how personal resources and personal demands at home can influence work engagement through personal resources and personal demands at work. We conducted a daily diary study involving a group of 97 Chinese employees (N = 97) from a range of different service settings for 2 consecutive weeks (N = 1358) and evaluated their daily work engagement using manager ratings. The findings support the hypothesized mediating effects of personal resources and personal demands at work on personal resources and personal demands at home and work engagement.


id: cord-330276-qvmhuid3
author: Giorgi, Gabriele
date: 2020-06-19
txt: ./txt/cord-330276-qvmhuid3.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-330276-qvmhuid3.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32685446/
doi: 10.1155/2020/1863153
abstract: nan
summary:
  [1] , trauma and diseases related to stress and mental health that originate in the workplace may have a different pattern of development or require an organization-centered treatment approach, including field and intervention studies. With regard to promoting safe and secure working environments to create a decent work for all, some papers published in this special issue introduce advances in measuring psychosocial risk factors, mental health, and work-related issues. They found that ward type predicted the level of work arduousness beyond other factors such as age or gender, suggesting that trauma and diseases related to stress and mental health that originate in the workplace may have a different pattern of development or require an organizationcentered treatment approach that complements the personcentered approach derived from research conducted in clinical and psychiatric contexts. Addressing risks: mental health, work-related stress, and occupational disease management to enhance wellbeing

title:
  Addressing Risks: Mental Health, Work-Related Stress, and Occupational Disease Management to Enhance Well-Being 2019


id: cord-333063-emfdv8oa
title: Association between Angiotensin Blockade and Incidence of Influenza in the United Kingdom
author: Chung, Sheng-Chia
date: 2020-05-08
txt: ./txt/cord-333063-emfdv8oa.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-333063-emfdv8oa.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmc2005396
doi: 10.1056/nejmc2005396
abstract: nan
summary:
  On occasion, journals may ask authors to disclose further information about reported relationships. On occasion, journals may ask authors to disclose further information about reported relationships. If you or your institution received funds from a third party to support the work, such as a government granting agency, charitable foundation or commercial sponsor, check "Yes". If you or your institution received funds from a third party to support the work, such as a government granting agency, charitable foundation or commercial sponsor, check "Yes". This section asks about your financial relationships with entities in the bio-medical arena that could be perceived to influence, or that give the appearance of potentially influencing, what you wrote in the submitted work. This section asks about your financial relationships with entities in the bio-medical arena that could be perceived to influence, or that give the appearance of potentially influencing, what you wrote in the submitted work.


id: cord-333640-oh9ucair
author: Gambaro, Giovanni
date: 2020-05-25
txt: ./txt/cord-333640-oh9ucair.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-333640-oh9ucair.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32451809/
doi: 10.1007/s40620-020-00756-7
abstract: nan
summary:
  In such a context, a few days can make a big difference, as our colleague in Paris reports: our hospital was up against COVID-19 at the beginning of March. As one colleague wrote: unfortunately, my hospital and nephrology clinic were not prepared to deal with the COVID epidemic, especially considering the WHO guidelines issued as early as February 2020. Very soon patient''s triage started, the "red zone" was equipped with PPE''s, and presently doctors and nurses, recruited for work in the COVID centre get special training. Emanuela Cataldo a young nephrologist working in a COVID Unit in Bari, talks about loneliness in a surreal scenario: this pandemic took two fundamental things away from me: freedom and close contact with people. There is no better definition of fear, than in these words from Emanuela: working with COVID patients makes you feel their desperate condition.

title:
  Nothing will ever be as before. Reflections on the COVID-19 epidemics by nephrologists in eleven countries


id: cord-334776-hvgbg0gu
title: Dual‐earner Parent Couples’ Work and Care during COVID‐19
author: Craig, Lyn
date: 2020-06-25
txt: ./txt/cord-334776-hvgbg0gu.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-334776-hvgbg0gu.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12497
doi: 10.1111/gwao.12497
summary:
  Prior to COVID-19-related restrictions, mothers'' average daily time allocation to housework and household management and active care combined was about 1 hour and 40 minutes more than fathers'' (5.78 vs 4.09 hours per day, p. However, the relative gender gap narrowed from 41 to 36 percent, largely because during COVID-19 fathers'' active care for children was 64 percent higher than it had been before, compared to only a 50 percent increase by mothers. However, compared to before COVID-19, the increases in childcare (though not housework/household management) were proportionally higher for fathers, which narrowed relative gender differences in care. Overall, the results suggest that both fathers and mothers were more dissatisfied with how they shared housework and unpaid care with their partner during COVID-19, but the dissatisfaction was much more extreme amongst women, from a much higher base to start with.

abstract:
  COVID‐19 and the associated lockdowns meant many working parents were faced with doing paid work and family care at home simultaneously. To investigate how they managed, this paper draws a subsample of parents in dual earner couples (n=1,536) from a national survey of 2,722 Australian men and women conducted during lockdown in May 2020. It asked how much time respondents spent in paid and unpaid labour, including both active and supervisory care, and about their satisfaction with work‐family balance and how their partner shared the load. Overall, paid work time was slightly lower, and unpaid work time was very much higher, during lockdown than before it. These time changes were most for mothers, but gender gaps somewhat narrowed because the relative increase in childcare was higher for fathers. More mothers than fathers were dissatisfied with their work‐family balance and partner's share before COVID‐19. For some the pandemic improved satisfaction levels, but for most they became worse. Again, some gender differences narrowed, mainly because more fathers also felt negatively during lockdown than they had before.


id: cord-336083-2tt9053k
title: Gendering COVID-19: Impact of the Pandemic on Women’s Burden of Unpaid Work in India
author: Chauhan, Priyanshi
date: 2020-10-24
txt: ./txt/cord-336083-2tt9053k.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-336083-2tt9053k.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12147-020-09269-w
doi: 10.1007/s12147-020-09269-w
summary:
  Owing to the sexual division of labour, and gendered roles and social norms of performing domestic and care work in a household, the burden of unpaid work falls disproportionately on women. With the closure of offices and educational institutions, and the simultaneously emerging norm of work from home and online education, along with the lack of services of domestic workers, the need to perform unpaid chores like cooking, cleaning, washing, child care among others by household members has increased [3] . Furthermore, the paper will study the gendered impact of lockdown on unpaid labour of women on various parameters like marital status, employment status, income levels and average weekly office hours. For interviews, a sub-sample from stage one was taken based on the characteristics like marital status, employment status, use of services of domestic help, and the responses received on change in time spent on unpaid chores during the lockdown.

abstract:
  The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the already existing gender inequalities with substantial implications on women. With the closure of offices and educational institutions, and the emerging norm of work from home and online education, along with the lack of services of domestic worker, the need to perform unpaid chores in the household has increased. Simultaneously, the requirements of social distancing and sanitization have created new unpaid chores. Owing to the sexual division of labour, and gendered roles and social norms of performing domestic and care work, the burden of unpaid work falls disproportionately on women. In this context, the objective of the paper is to study the impact of COVID-19 on time spent on unpaid work and the underlying gender differences in the urban centres in India. Specifically, the paper will do a comparative analysis of the gender differences in time spent on unpaid work before and during the lockdown, and analyse the reasons for the same.


id: cord-338086-87wfjiqm
title: Return to work guidelines for the COVID-19 pandemic
author: Rueda-Garrido, Juan Carlos
date: 2020-06-01
txt: ./txt/cord-338086-87wfjiqm.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-338086-87wfjiqm.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32476022/
doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqaa099
abstract: nan
summary:
  Occupational physicians can play key roles in monitoring workers'' health and developing effective return to work guidelines. The combined use of SARS-CoV-2 viral-RNA detection and serological antibody determination could improve the management of COVID-19 patients, but timing is important. Therefore, best practice for safe return to work after COVID-19 requires accurately identifying the final phases of the disease, where the worker is clinically recovered and no longer contagious. Therefore, to develop evidence-based return to work guidelines, articles based on coronavirus diagnosis using genomic and serological testing and articles related to infectivity and immunity were reviewed with the same dates and criteria. Return to work guideline for higher risk workers with COVID-19. For return to work of COVID-19 close contacts, we propose the algorithms summarized in Figure 3 . NY STATE Protocols for Essential Personnel to Return to Work Following COVID-19 Exposure or Infection


id: cord-340128-qxkopvot
title: Work-Related Psychosocial Stress in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: An Integrative Review
author: Schreibauer, Elena Christina
date: 2020-10-13
txt: ./txt/cord-340128-qxkopvot.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-340128-qxkopvot.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33066111/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207446
summary:
  Conclusions: This review underlines the need for more and better quality research of psychosocial factors in SMEs, particularly in relation to ongoing and new challenges in the workplace, including stressors related to the process of digitalization or the development of safe working conditions during the emerge of new infectious diseases. The reviews did, however, not specifically focus on the situation of employers and employees working in SMEs. Furthermore, the Joint German Occupational Safety and Health Strategy (GDA) published recommendations for implementing psychosocial risk assessments listing five work patterns (i.e., work characteristics) that have been identified as primary stress factors in the workplace [39] : To the best of our knowledge, this review is the first to summarize and categorize the current evidence on work-related psychosocial demands with a specific focus on small and medium sized enterprises to identify gaps in current knowledge and provide a systematic overview of which psychosocial factors, outcomes and economic sectors have been considered to date.

abstract:
  Background: Work-related psychosocial stress can cause mental and physical illnesses resulting in high costs for the individual, the economy and society. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) employ the majority of the world’s workforce and often have fewer financial and human resources compared to larger businesses. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge on work-related stress in SMEs according to well-established guidelines categorizing psychosocial factors at work. Methods: A systematic database search was carried out in PubMed, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX and Business Source Premiere from March to June 2019, updated in January 2020. Data of included studies were analyzed and mapped into five themes: “work content and task”, “organization of work”, “social relations”, “working environment” and “new forms of work”. Results: After full-text screening, 45 out of 116 studies were included for data extraction. Studies were very heterogeneous and of varying quality, mostly applying a cross-sectional study design. Psychosocial factors in SMEs have been researched with a focus on the work patterns “work organization” and “work content and task”. Conclusions: This review underlines the need for more and better quality research of psychosocial factors in SMEs, particularly in relation to ongoing and new challenges in the workplace, including stressors related to the process of digitalization or the development of safe working conditions during the emerge of new infectious diseases.


id: cord-340186-nc5uv2va
author: Caligiuri, Paula
date: 2020-06-02
txt: ./txt/cord-340186-nc5uv2va.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-340186-nc5uv2va.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-020-00335-9
doi: 10.1057/s41267-020-00335-9
summary:
  Looking ahead, we offer three domains for future IHRM research: managing under uncertainty, facilitating international and even global work, and redefining organizational performance. Our accumulated body of knowledge in IHRM has helped us understand the challenges people face when placed in a wide range of MNE work arrangements, such as expatriate assignments, virtual international work, global project teams, and frequent international travel (Shaffer, Kraimer, Chen & Bolino, 2012) . The COVID-19 pandemic has shown that managing employees'' health and safety is a key challenge for IHRM, and this is an important component of the grand challenge faced by MNEs in understanding how to deal with social responsibility (Buckley et al., 2017) . IHRM scholarship can offer an evidence-base for global mobility policies that will help employees to adjust to new ways of working in teams and the inevitable stress and uncertainty of post-pandemic travel.

title:
  International HRM insights for navigating the COVID-19 pandemic: Implications for future research and practice

abstract:
  We show the relevance of extant international business (IB) research, and more specifically work on international human resources management (IHRM), to address COVID-19 pandemic challenges. Decision-makers in multinational enterprises have undertaken various types of actions to alleviate the impacts of the pandemic. In most cases these actions relate in some way to managing distance and to rethinking boundaries, whether at the macro- or firm-levels. Managing distance and rethinking boundaries have been the primary focus of much IB research since the IB field was established as a legitimate area of academic inquiry. The pandemic has led to increased cross-border distance problems (e.g., as the result of travel bans and reduced international mobility), and often also to new intra-firm distancing challenges imposed upon previously co-located employees. Prior IHRM research has highlighted the difficulties presented by distance, in terms of employee selection, training, support, health and safety, as well as leadership and virtual collaboration. Much of this thinking is applicable to solve pandemic-related distance challenges. The present, extreme cases of requisite physical distancing need not imply equivalent increases in psychological distance, and also offer firms some insight into the unanticipated benefits of a virtual workforce – a type of workforce that, quite possibly, will influence the ‘new normal’ of the post-COVID world. Extant IHRM research does offer actionable insight for today, but outstanding knowledge gaps remain. Looking ahead, we offer three domains for future IHRM research: managing under uncertainty, facilitating international and even global work, and redefining organizational performance.


id: cord-341156-dw15n4f4
author: Nash, Meredith
date: 2020-06-02
txt: ./txt/cord-341156-dw15n4f4.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-341156-dw15n4f4.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12484
doi: 10.1111/gwao.12484
summary:
  Findings suggest that during the pandemic, the Australian higher education sector positions decisions about caring leave and participation in the paid labour force as ''private'' matters in which employees (mainly women) design their own ''solutions'' when compared with international institutional counterparts. The lack of adequate social policy supports like free universal childcare combined with short school days means that Australian women are constantly juggling paid work and caring responsibilities. We argue that COVID-19 provides an another context in which universities have evaded their responsibility to ensure women''s full participation in the labour force via the introduction of ''family-friendly'' flexible working policies which put the onus on families to make choices about how to do paid work and care for children. 90% of the top 10 international universities (n = 9) according to the 2020 Times Higher Education World rankings had public information about remote working arrangements for This article is protected by copyright.

title:
  Caring during COVID‐19: A gendered analysis of Australian university responses to managing remote working and caring responsibilities

abstract:
  COVID‐19 is dramatically reconfiguring paid work and care. Emerging evidence in the global media suggests that academic women with caring responsibilities are being proportionately impacted. This article fills a key knowledge gap by examining how Australian universities are supporting academics to manage remote work and caring during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We conducted a desktop analysis of public information about remote working and care from 41 Australian universities and compared them to the world’s top 10 ranked universities. Findings suggest that during the pandemic, the Australian higher education sector positions decisions about caring leave and participation in the paid labour force as ‘private’ matters in which employees (mainly women) design their own ‘solutions’ when compared with international institutional counterparts. We argue that COVID‐19 provides another context in which universities have evaded their responsibility to ensure women’s full participation in the labour force.


id: cord-342690-09g3a08k
title: A Less Objectionable Greed? Work-Life Conflict and Unjust Pay During a Pandemic
author: Schieman, Scott
date: 2020-10-21
txt: ./txt/cord-342690-09g3a08k.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-342690-09g3a08k.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0276562420301001?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.rssm.2020.100564
summary:
  We extend that work by asking: Did the social and economic changes associated with the coronavirus pandemic 2019 (COVID-19) modify the relationship between WLC and perceptions of unjust pay? In a study of the link between strains in the work-home interface and distributive justice, Narisada (2020) found that individuals who report greater WLC are more likely to describe their pay as unjustly low. And yet, the discovery that WLC elevates the perception of unjustly low pay suggests that many workers experience this inter-role strain as quite objectionable. We test if six dimensions of stratification modify changes in the relationship between WLC and unjust pay during the pandemic. However, the interaction between WLC and survey wave indicator ("May") in model 2 shows that the positive relationship weakened between September and May. Figure 1 illustrates that the link between WLC and unjust pay during the pandemic differs from just eight months prior.

abstract:
  Perceptions of unjust pay represent a central feature in research on distributive justice. Prior studies document that work-life conflict (WLC) is a strong predictor of unjustly low pay. We extend that work by asking: Did the social and economic changes associated with the coronavirus pandemic 2019 (COVID-19) modify the relationship between WLC and perceptions of unjust pay? In September 2019, we collected data from a nationally representative sample of workers to profile the quality of work and economic life. Then, during a critical period of widespread economic and social shockwaves, we re-interviewed these same study participants in May 2020 to evaluate change. We observe that the strong positive association between WLC and unjustly low pay decreased overall in the population—but the strength and direction of that association differed significantly across several dimensions of social stratification. Specifically, we found a weaker relationship among visible minorities, younger workers, and individuals with lower socioeconomic status. We interpret these patterns as suggesting that—at least among more vulnerable groups—the “greed” represented in the process of work interfering with non-work was unevenly experienced during peak period of the COVID-19 pandemic.


id: cord-349353-2ll9hzfr
title: Freedom or money? The dilemma of migrant live‐in elderly carers in times of COVID‐19
author: Giordano, Chiara
date: 2020-07-04
txt: ./txt/cord-349353-2ll9hzfr.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-349353-2ll9hzfr.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837020/
doi: 10.1111/gwao.12509
abstract: nan
summary:
  Concerning the latter, as it has repeatedly been stressed, the COVID-19 crisis has and will have an impact on various aspects of gender equality, including the economic hardship falling on women whose economic position is precarious, which is the case of many single-parent households; the sharpening of domestic violence; the hazardous situation of workers in the frontline, the majority of whom are women; and the increased burden of unpaid care and housework responsibilities during the lockdown period 1 . Both elementsthe emotional ties between caregiver and care receiver and the position of live-in caregivers as ''quasi-family members''have crucial consequences on the lives and choices of live-in elderly carers in times of COVIDAs mentioned in the previous section, the very nature of care work, including the gendered construction of the ideals and values associated to it and the emotional labour that shapes their This article is protected by copyright.


id: cord-353277-vd0etd38
title: Informal Work and Sustainable Cities: From Formalization to Reparation
author: Tucker, Jennifer L.
date: 2020-09-18
txt: ./txt/cord-353277-vd0etd38.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-353277-vd0etd38.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590332220304218
doi: 10.1016/j.oneear.2020.08.012
summary:
  Too often, policy elites, including those promoting sustainable cities, overlook this value, proposing formalization and relying on deficit-based framings of informal work. Building on our research in India and Paraguay, amplifying critical informality scholarship and centering the knowledge produced by workers'' organizations, we assert that by thinking historically, relationally, and spatially, and redistributing power and resources to workers, we can move beyond formalization to a frame that centers decent work, ecological health, and reparation for uneven legacies of harm. 40 Informal work produces economic, social, and environmental value that sustains lives and urban environments. Thinking historically, relationally, and spatially reveals how the value produced by informal workers subsidize urban economies and ecologies, even as racial capitalism predictably reproduces job scarcity, income inequality, and poverty, the very conditions that impel many to informal work.

abstract:
  Informal workers produce economic, social, and environmental value for cities. Too often, policy elites, including those promoting sustainable cities, overlook this value, proposing formalization and relying on deficit-based framings of informal work. In this perspective piece, we bring critical research and community-produced knowledge about informal work to sustainability scholarship. We challenge the dominant, deficit-based frame of informal work, which can dispossess workers, reduce their collective power, and undercut the social and environmental value their work generates. Instead, thinking historically, relationally, and spatially clarifies the essential role of informal work for urban economies and highlights their potential for promoting sustainable cities. It also reveals how growth-oriented economies reproduce environmental destruction, income inequality, and poverty, the very conditions impelling many to informal work. Rather than formalization, we propose reparation, an ethic and practice promoting ecological regeneration, while redressing historic wrongs and redistributing resources and social power to workers and grassroots social movements.


id: cord-356156-jjdkwalk
title: Characterization of Home Working Population during COVID-19 Emergency: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
author: Moretti, Antimo
date: 2020-08-28
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url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32872321/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17176284
summary:
  The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the impact of home working on perceived job productivity and satisfaction, work-related stress, and musculoskeletal (MSK) issues. Depending on our data, the home environment seems to be not adequate in the mobile worker population, with an increased risk for mental health and MSK problems, particularly affecting the spine. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of home working on job satisfaction, occupational stress, perceived productivity, and MSK issues. We characterized a population of mobile workers in terms of work-related outcomes, such as perceived productivity and job satisfaction, and onset or changes of previous MSK disorders, particularly LBP and neck pain. Concerning physical health issues related to remote working, increased sedentariness and poor posture due to the use of non-ergonomic equipment in our population seemed to promote the onset of MSK disorders, particularly LBP and neck pain.

abstract:
  Evidence about the characterization of home workers in terms of both work-related outcomes and health issues is lacking. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the impact of home working on perceived job productivity and satisfaction, work-related stress, and musculoskeletal (MSK) issues. We included 51 mobile workers, collecting data about demographic characteristics, working experience, job productivity, and stress. Job satisfaction was assessed through the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), while MSK pain was investigated by the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) and Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ). Moreover, a home workplace analysis had to be carried out according to current Italian regulations. Participants declared that they were less productive (39.2%) but less stressed (39.2%) and equally satisfied (51%) compared to the time of office working. Regarding MSK disorders, low back pain (LBP) was referred by 41.2% of home workers and neck pain by 23.5% of them. Neck pain worsened in 50% of home workers, while LBP did not exacerbate in 47.6% of cases. Home workers with MSK pain reported a lower job satisfaction. Depending on our data, the home environment seems to be not adequate in the mobile worker population, with an increased risk for mental health and MSK problems, particularly affecting the spine. Addressing these issues can significantly reduce risks for health, thus, improving job productivity and satisfaction and reducing cost.


