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lemma:
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lemma:
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# ent

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  The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in STROBE Statement Guidelines for Reporting Observational Studies


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  asthma neurological and developmental disorders heart disease kidney disease liver disease hemoglobinopathies endocrine disorders


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  Knowledge Attitudes and Practices of Breast Cancer Screening Methods Among Female Patients in Primary Healthcare Centers


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  the EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire Predictors of Quality Of Life in a Sample of Lebanese Patients with Cancer Health


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entity:
  The Conundrums of Counselling Women in Violent Intimate Partner Relationships in South Africa Implications for Practice


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  the Rhodes University Psychology Department s Research Projects and Ethics Review Committee Counsellors


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  Ii 0 11 p 0 01 and symptoms of pain Ii 0 14 p 0 01 fatigue ji 0 34 p 0 001 and cognitive difficulties p 0 30 P 0 001 For the three dimensions of the IIRS multiple regression results revealed 1


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  Black Women and Women of Colour Women s Health in Women s Hands Community Health Centre Sistering Parkdale Community Health Centre Rexdale Community Health Centre


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  P5 77 C Health and Livelihood Implications of Marginalization of Slum Dwellers in Provision of Water and Sanitation Services


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entity:
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entity:
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  sulfadoxine e g Karunajeewa 2009 Green 2007 As data are inconsistent a general recommendation about dose adjustments in pregnancy is difficult When sulfadoxine pyrimethamine


id: cord-285898-rtqkvf63
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  influenza A H1N1 pandemic a national prospective surveillance study Europeans Guidelines for treatment of HIVinfected adults


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  APC CSYMBOL colon tumours RR 0 58 95 CI 0 32 1 05 for the highest versus the lowest tertile of folate intake but positively associated with APC


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  amino terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide ROC area 0 80 or electrocardiography ROC area 0 77 A CMR model


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  Clinical Course and Risk Factors of Infection and Demographic Characteristics of Pregnant Women with COVID 19


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  an Outbreak Reporting Incidence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome SARS Appendix A Chronology Consensus Document on the Epidemiology of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome SARS Severe


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  Nestl e s decade long emphasis on creating shared value which according to the firm reflects our ongoing commitment to achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals Nestl e 2020 Undertakings such as the New Alliance and Grow Africa seek to mobilize private funds to overcome public sector disinvestment in the agricultural sector


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  The Global Landscape of Agricultural Trade Better Rules for a Better Future Regulating Private Sector Agricultural Investments


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  IMF Conditionality A Development Injustice European Union Directorate General for External Policies Policy Department


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  the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition Committee on World Food Security Gender Vulnerabilities Food Price Shocks and Social Protection Responses


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  Food Price Crisis Affecting Poor People Oxfam United Nations Industrial Development Organization Closing


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  Protecting the Food Insecure in Volatile International Markets Food Reserves and Other Policy Options Canadian Foodgrains Bank Global Food Governance Between Corporate Control


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  LDH b J o u r n a l P r e p r o o f J o u r n a l P r e p r o o f MMWR Morbidity and mortality weekly report Report of the WHO China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease An inflammatory cytokine signature


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entity:
  axial polydactyly hydrops fetalis interventricular septal defect tricuspidal insufficiency micrognathia trigonocephaly


id: cord-319580-awtp0mpg
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entity:
  Adipose Tissue Critical Players in Immunometabolism Obesity Expands a Distinct Population of T Cells


id: cord-343305-vqurc1pj
type: ORG
entity:
  Strengthening Preparedness for Health Emergencies Implementation of International Health Regulations


id: cord-325669-6kjlcakt
type: ORG
entity:
  Stroke Nursing Council on Clinical Cardiology Council on Epidemiology and Prevention Council for High Blood Pressure Research Guidelines


id: cord-325669-6kjlcakt
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  the Treatment of Patients with Severe Preeclampsia Successful Treatment of Preterm Labor in Association with Acute COVID 19 Infection Lipid and Blood Pressure Meta analysis Collaboration LBPMC Group


id: cord-335019-esttc16z
type: DNA
entity:
  Coronavirus Disease 2019 COVID 19 Do Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Angiotensin Receptor Blockers


id: cord-350618-rtilfnzi
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Lancet Pregnancy and Perinatal Outcomes of Women With Coronavirus Disease COVID 19 Pneumonia A Preliminary Analysis Neonatal Early Onset Infection With SARS CoV 2


id: cord-351269-xjy6chia
type: ORG
entity:
  Transcript of Press Conference on General Office of the National Health Commission of China General Office of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol


id: cord-352364-yj31uwiu
type: ORG
entity:
  the Task Group of the Services Systems Advisory Committee Mental Health Commission of Canada Improving


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: DNA
entity:
  OTR Promoter Shirin Khanjani Yun S Lee Vasso Terzidou Mark R Johnson Phillip R Bennett Institute of Reproductive Developmental Biology Imperial College London United Kingdom


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: DNA
entity:
  Human Endometrium Ronit Haimov Kochman 1 Shira Natanson Yaron 1 Caryn Greenfield 1 Achinoam Lev Sagie 1 Lichtenstein Michal 2 Haya Lorberboum Galsky 2 Israel Vlodavsky 3 Simcha Yagel 1 Arye Hurwitz 1 1 OB Gyn Jerusalem Israel 2 Cellular Biochemistry Human Genetics Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Centers Jerusalem Israel 3 Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center Technion School


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  vascular endothelial growth factor A placental growth factor flt 1 KDR Angiopoietin 1 Angiopoietin 2 TIE 2


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  S47 53 3 Alicia Del Toro Arreola 2 Lourdes Nunez Atahualpa 4 Juan Velazquez Rodriguez 5 Laura Gonzalez Lopez 6 Jorge I Gamez Nava 3 Adrian Daneri


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  NIHRO1HD043 185 NIHT32AI055402 Arturo Cerbulo Vazquez 1 Cun Li 1 2 Gene Hubbard 2 Natalia E Schlabritz Loutsevitch 1 2 Peter W Nathanielsz Objectives Early thymocyte T


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: DNA
entity:
  Maternal Fetal Interface Jacqueline P Tilak Karen Zakharian Alexandra Tungol Gabriel O Schubiner David M Svinarich Patient Care Research Providence Hospital Southfield MI USA Preterm labor and delivery


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  obesity Transcription factors peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor PPAR 2 CCAAT enhancer binding protein C EBP


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  prostaglandin production cyclooxygenase 1 COX 1 cyclooxygenase 2 COX 2 and 15 hydroxy prostaglandin dehydrogenase PGDH


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  sFlt1 1762 1 397 5 vs 1169 4 71 1 pg mL p 0 05 and placenta growth factor 22 0 3 5 vs 49 8 5 4 pg mL p 0 016


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF A placental growth factor PlGF flt 1 KDR Angiopoietin 1 Ang 1 Angiopoietin 2 Ang 2


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  UPBF b Charles R Rosenfeld Xiao tie Liu Division of Neonatal Perinatal Medicine University of Texas Southwestern Medical School Dallas TX USA Background Uteroplacental blood flow UPBF rises 40 fold


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: CELL_LINE
entity:
  Cultured Amnion Epithelial and Mesenchymal Cells R Moore J Novak D Kumar J Moore Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA Introduction


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: CELL_LINE
entity:
  Human Amnion Epithelial Cells Sheri E Lim 1 Shirin Khanjani 1 Yun S Lee 1 TG Teoh 1 2 Philip R Bennett 1 1 Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology Imperial College London United Kingdom 2 Maternal Fetal Medicine St Mary s Hospital London United Kingdom Introduction Labour


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: CELL_LINE
entity:
  Human Fetal Lung Fibroblasts Z Yang 1 P Zhu 1 CM Guo 1 L Myatt 2 K Sun 2 1 School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China 2 Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA Objectives Glucocorticoids


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  11 beta hydroxylase CYP11B1 aldosterone synthase CYP11B2 ACTH receptor MCR2 P450 side chain cleavage enzyme CYP11A1 STAR protein 11 hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 HSD1


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: DNA
entity:
  5 3 deoxyribonucleotidase dNT 2 superoxide dismutase 3 hydroxy delta 5 steroid dehydrogenase caspase 9


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  TGF 3 2 96 0 71 fold retinoic acid metabolizing protein CYP26A1 16 81 4 50 and versican variant V0 7 75 2 2


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  GRO 18 fold 2 5 fold 2 fold 3 fold and 11 fold respectively Conclusion We demonstrate for the first time a differential interaction


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: CELL_LINE
entity:
  MyD88 Positive Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cells Ki H Kim 1 Ayesha B Alvero 1 Yanhua Xie 1 David Trollinger 2 Gil Mor 1 1 Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT USA 2 Array BioPharma Inc Boulder CO USA Background We previously described that epithelial ovarian cancer EOC cells


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: GGP
entity:
  oxytocin 0 6g weight 30 4 8 0 2 4g weight 50 3 7 6 n 6 P 0 01 In strips with a 0 6g weight incubation in MPA


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: GGP
entity:
  adenylate cyclase SQ 22536 10 5 M guanylate cylase ODQ 10 5 M phosphodiesterase rolipram 10 5 M nitric oxide NO synthases L


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: GGP
entity:
  Avish Arora 1 Lilit Baldjyan 2 Sharon K Sugano 1 Olga Miadel 2 Adegoke Adeniji 2 Michael G Ross 1 Calvin J Hobel 2 1


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: GGP
entity:
  endothelin 1 ET 1 soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 sICAM 1 soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 sVCAM 1


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: GGP
entity:
  Progesterone P 17 hydroxyprogesterone 17OHP dehydroepiandrosterone DHEA dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate DHEAS androstenedione cortisol 11 deoxycortisol corticosterone testosterone aldosterone


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: GGP
entity:
  P P 1 1 X 1o s X 1o 1 1 x 10 8 1 ox 1o K neumoniae Group A C C 5 3 X 10 7 3 4 X 10 7 9 2 X 10 7 6 7 X 10 7 88 87 91 Group B C P 6 0 X 10 7 4 8 X 10 7 6 3 X 10 7 3 0 X 10 7 Group C P Pl 4 7 x 10 7 2 3x 10 7 6 9x 10 7 4 6x 10 7 C


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: GGP
entity:
  estrogen receptor ER angiotensin II subtype receptor 1 AT 1 R and endothelial nitric oxide synthase eNOS


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: GGP
entity:
  Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Angiotensinogen Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Genotype


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: GGP
entity:
  Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase MTHFR C677T Angiotensinogen AGT M235T Vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: ORG
entity:
  Hyagriv N Simhan Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Magee Womens Hospital Pittsburgh PA USA Objective


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: ORG
entity:
  Enhanced Interleukin 6 Expression in Term Decidual Cells Implications for Abruption Induced Preterm Delivery


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: ORG
entity:
  Imperial College Parturition Research Group Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology Hammersmith Hospital


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Maintenance of Liver Growth in the Hypoxic Growth Restricted Fetal Sheep A Role for Intrahepatic GLUT1 Sheridan Gentili Janna L Morrison


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: ORG
entity:
  Department of Medicine and Public Health Section of Anatomy Second University of Naples Nales Italy Hypothesis Apoptosis


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  1 Pathology 2 Center for Biostatistics 3 Obstetrics and Gynecology OHSU Portland OR USA Background Meconium


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Translating Mouse to Human A Dynamic Model of Xenografted Human Endometrium Alex J Polotsky Liyin Zhu Nanette Santoro Jeffrey W Pollard Albert Einstein College of Medicine


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: ORG
entity:
  Nishikawa Yasunori Yoshimura Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Keio University School of Medicine Shinjuku Tokyo


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: ORG
entity:
  Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT USA 2


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: FAC
entity:
  Mast 1 Godelieve M de Groot 1 Carin Kleijburg 1 Sicco A Scherjon 1 Frans HJ Claas 2 1 Department of Obstetrics Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: CARDINAL
entity:
  between 25 OH D concentrations and greater risk of infection Vitamin D deficiency or even insufficiency may therefore be involved in the pathogenesis of maternal infection during pregnancy


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: ORG
entity:
  the Amniotic Fluid Infection Nosology Committee of the Perinatal Section of the Society of Pediatric Pathologists


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Effect of 17 Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate on Lipopolysaccharide Stimulated Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Pregnant Women Richard H


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: LAW
entity:
  Stanczyk 2 Daniel R Mishell Jr 2 1 Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Louisville Louisville KY USA 2 Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Southern California


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: ORG
entity:
  Charles R Rosenfeld Timothy Roy Division of Neonatal Perinatal Medicine UT Southwestern Medical Center


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Overweight Affects the Relaxin Induced Response of Mesenteric Arteries Joris van Drongelen 1 Arianne van


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: LAW
entity:
  t Slot 2 Lude Franke 2 Bart CJM Fauser 1 1 Reproduction Gynecology University Medical Centre Utrecht


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: ORG
entity:
  Shiells Stephen C Robson Surgical Reproductive Sciences Institute of Cellular Medicine Newcastle University


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: ORG
entity:
  Campbell IR Johnson NJ Raine Fenning School of Human Development University of Nottingham Nottingham United Kingdom Objective


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: TIME
entity:
  the 100gram 3 Hour Glucose Tolerance Test for the Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Yvonne W Cheng Ingrid


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: ORG
entity:
  Epidemiology and Health Services Evaluation Faculty of Health Sciences Ben Gurion University of the Negev


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: ORG
entity:
  Cincinnati OH USA 2 Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics Cincinnati Children s Hospital Medical


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Obstetrics and Gynecology Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand 2 Pathology Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand 3 Obstetrics and Gynecology Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute Toronto Canada Objective Cervical


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Obstetrics and Gynecology UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX USA 2 Immunology UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX USA


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Obstetrics and Gynecology Northwestern University Chicago IL USA 2 Pathology Northwestern University Chicago IL USA Objective Preeclampsia


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Effect of Acute Alcohol Exposure on Histone3 lys9 Modification in the Mid Gestation Embryonic Lung Xiangyuan Wang 1


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Obstetrics and Gynecology Kumamoto University School of Medicine Kumamoto Japan 2 Cardiovascular Medicine Jikei University School of Medicine


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: ORG
entity:
  The University of Manchester 2 Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences University of Pittsburgh Objectives Women


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Obstetrics and Gynecology NYU School of Medicine New York NY USA 2 Feinstein Institute for Medical Research Manhasset NY USA Objective Progesterone P4


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Early L Arginine Therapy Improves Notably the Fetal Growth in Preeclamptic Women A Randomized Controlled Trial Keisy Lopez Molina 1


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: LAW
entity:
  FONDECYT 1050744 Defining the Tumor Initiating Capacity of CD133 Human Endometrial Cancer Cells Anne M Friel 1 Petra A Sergent 1 Christine L Cummings 2 Rosemary Foster 3 Current data suggest rare subpopulations of


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: ORG
entity:
  OB GYN USC Keck School of Medicine Los Angeles CA USA 3 OB GYN Oregon Health and Sciences University


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  N uv ua O 2 Content 1 79 0 72 vs 3 3 0 24 mmol L p 0 001 and O 2 umb uptake Kg 0 12 0 01 vs 0 24 0 01 mmol min Kg p 0 01 were


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  hydroxyprogesterone 17OHP dehydroepiandrosterone DHEA dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate DHEAS androstenedione cortisol


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
type: CHEMICAL
entity:
  Julio E Valdivia Silva 1 3 1 Oncoinmunología y Biología Vascular Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional San Agustín Arequipa Peru 2 Cardiología y Cirugía de Tórax


# url

id: cord-329964-reoa8kcw
domain: policy-practice.oxfam.org.uk
url:
  http://policy-practice.oxfam.org.uk/publications/missing-out-onsmall-is-beautiful-the-eus-failure-to-deliv-er-on-policy-commitme-620288


# bib

id: cord-002774-tpqsjjet
title: Section II: Poster Sessions
author: nan
date: 2017-12-01
txt: ./txt/cord-002774-tpqsjjet.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-002774-tpqsjjet.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5711696/
doi: 10.1093/jurban/jti137
abstract: nan
summary:
  Results: The CHIP Framework The CHIP framework aims to improve the health and wellness of the urban communities served by St. Josephs Health Centre through four intersecting pillars: • Raising Community Voices provides an infrastructure and process that supports community stakeholder input into health care service planning, decision-making, and delivery by the hospital and across the continuum of care; • Sharing Reciprocal Capacity promotes healthy communities through the sharing of our intellectual and physical capacity with our community partners; • Cultivating Integration Initiatives facilitates vertical, horizontal, and intersectoral integration initiatives in support of community-identified needs and gaps; and • Facilitating Healthy Exchange develops best practices in community integration through community-based research, and facilitates community voice in informing public policy.


id: cord-002939-6a3ga6v9
author: Ribeiro, Ana Freitas
date: 2018-03-26
txt: ./txt/cord-002939-6a3ga6v9.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-002939-6a3ga6v9.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5868799/
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194392
summary:
  To investigate the factors associated with death and describe the gestational outcomes in pregnant women with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, we conducted a case-control study (deaths and recovered) in hospitalized pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 with severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) in the state of São Paulo from June 9 to December 1, 2009. The objective of this study was to analyze factors associated with death in pregnant women with influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 and severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) and describe the gestational and neonatal outcomes. A case-control study was conducted that evaluated pregnant women living in São Paulo with confirmed infection of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and hospitalized with SARI, defined as: fever and cough and dyspnea or pneumonia or respiratory failure or tachypnea or radiological alterations consistent with pneumonia or oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation.

title:
  Severe influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in pregnant women and neonatal outcomes, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, 2009

abstract:
  To investigate the factors associated with death and describe the gestational outcomes in pregnant women with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, we conducted a case-control study (deaths and recovered) in hospitalized pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 with severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) in the state of São Paulo from June 9 to December 1, 2009. All cases were evaluated, and four controls that were matched by the epidemiological week of hospitalization of the case were randomly selected for each case. Cases and controls were selected from the National Disease Notification System-SINAN Influenza-web. The hospital records from 126 hospitals were evaluated, and home interviews were conducted using standardized forms. A total of 48 cases and 185 controls were investigated. Having had a previous health visit to a healthcare provider for an influenza episode before hospital admission was a risk factor for death (adjusted OR (OR(adj)) of 7.93, 95% CI 2.19–28.69). Although not significant in the multiple analysis (OR(adj) of 2.13, 95% CI 0.91–5.00), the 3(rd) trimester deserves attention, with an OR = 2.22, 95% CI 1.13–4.37 in the univariate analysis. Antiviral treatment was a protective factor when administered within 48 hours of symptom onset (OR(adj) = 0.16, 95% CI 0.05–0.50) and from 48 to 72 hours (OR(adj) = 0.09, 95% CI 0.01–0.87). There was a higher proportion of fetal deaths and preterm births among cases (p = 0.001) and live births with low weight (p = 0.019), compared to control subjects who gave birth during hospitalization. After discharge, control subjects had a favorable neonatal outcome. Early antiviral treatment during the presence of a flu-like illness is an important factor in reducing mortality from influenza in pregnant women and unfavorable neonatal outcomes. It is important to monitor pregnant women, particularly in the 3(rd) trimester of gestation, with influenza illness for diagnosis and early treatment.


id: cord-004495-6cd5sqab
title: Quality of intrapartum care: direct observations in a low-resource tertiary hospital
author: Housseine, Natasha
date: 2020-03-14
txt: ./txt/cord-004495-6cd5sqab.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-004495-6cd5sqab.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7071714/
doi: 10.1186/s12978-020-0849-8
summary:
  At a low-resource tertiary hospital, this study assessed the quality of intrapartum care and adherence to locally-tailored clinical guidelines. While FHRM was generally performed suboptimally with a median interval of 105 (interquartile range 57–160) minutes, occurrence of an intrapartum risk event (non-reassuring FHR, oxytocin use or poor progress) increased assessment frequency significantly (rate ratio 1.32 (CI 1.09–1.58)). As found in our hospital, after unrealistic international guidelines were adapted to better suit the local resource-limited reality, significant improvements were observed in quality of care, stillbirths were reduced by one-third and the number of neonates with birth asphyxia nearly halved (Box 1) [9] . This was associated with improved quality of care, including improved foetal heart rate surveillance (a reduction in median time interval from last FHR to delivery from 120 (IQR 60-240) to 74 (IQR 30-130) minutes), more judicial use of oxytocin and improved management of women with severe hypertensive disorders.

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: The majority of the world’s perinatal deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. A substantial proportion occurs intrapartum and is avoidable with better care. At a low-resource tertiary hospital, this study assessed the quality of intrapartum care and adherence to locally-tailored clinical guidelines. METHODS: A non-participatory, structured, direct observation study was held at Mnazi Mmoja Hospital, Zanzibar, Tanzania, between October and November 2016. Women in active labour were followed and structure, processes of labour care and outcomes of care systematically recorded. Descriptive analyses were performed on the labour observations and compared to local guidelines and supplemented by qualitative findings. A Poisson regression analysis assessed factors affecting foetal heart rate monitoring (FHRM) guidelines adherence. RESULTS: 161 labouring women were observed. The nurse/midwife-to-labouring-women ratio of 1:4, resulted in doctors providing a significant part of intrapartum monitoring. Care during labour and two-thirds of deliveries was provided in a one-room labour ward with shared beds. Screening for privacy and communication of examination findings were done in 50 and 34%, respectively. For the majority, there was delayed recognition of labour progress and insufficient support in second stage of labour. While FHRM was generally performed suboptimally with a median interval of 105 (interquartile range 57–160) minutes, occurrence of an intrapartum risk event (non-reassuring FHR, oxytocin use or poor progress) increased assessment frequency significantly (rate ratio 1.32 (CI 1.09–1.58)). CONCLUSIONS: Neither international nor locally-adapted standards of intrapartum routine care were optimally achieved. This was most likely due to a grossly inadequate capacity of birth attendants; without whom innovative interventions at birth are unlikely to succeed. This calls for international and local stakeholders to address the root causes of unsafe intrafacility care in low-resource settings, including the number of skilled birth attendants required for safe and respectful births.


id: cord-004894-75w35fkd
title: Abstract
author: nan
date: 2006-06-14
txt: ./txt/cord-004894-75w35fkd.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-004894-75w35fkd.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7087564/
doi: 10.1007/s10654-006-9021-1
abstract: nan
summary:
  The unadjusted median (25-75% percentile) sperm concentration in the non-exposed group (n = 90) is 49 (23-86) mill/ml compared to 33 (12-63) mill/ml among men exposed to >19 cigarettes per day in fetal life (n = 26 Aim: To estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity, and their effects in physical activity (PA) levels of Portuguese children and adolescents aged 10-18 years. Objectives: a) To estimate the sex-and age-adjusted annual rate of tuberculosis infection (ARTI) (per 100 person-years [%py]) among the HCWs, as indicated by tuberculin skin test conversion (TST) conversion, b) to identify occupational factors associated with significant variations in the ARTI, c) to investigate the efficacy of the regional preventive guidelines. Objectives: We assessed the total burden of adverse events (AE), and determined treatment-related risk factors for the development of various AEs. Methods: The study cohort included 1362 5-year survivors, treated in the Emma Childrens Hospital AMC in the Netherlands between 1966-1996.


id: cord-010699-mfe1oajn
author: Suehiro, Tamy Taianne
date: 2020-05-11
txt: ./txt/cord-010699-mfe1oajn.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-010699-mfe1oajn.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7216672/
doi: 10.1186/s13027-020-00301-y
summary:
  Considering the high burden of HPV-related cancers among HIV+ women and the possible effectiveness of a 9-valent HPV vaccine [16] , it is critical to understand the prevalence and types of HPV infections in oral and cervical mucosa in HIV+ women (and matched controls). In the present study, we aimed to determine the HPV prevalence, distribution, and type concordance between cervical and oral samples of HIV+ women and HIVmatched controls in the southern region of Brazil, a geographic area with high incidences of HIV and CC. The high prevalence of non-vaccine hrHPV types of 2-valent and 4-valent vaccines in the cervical and oral mucosa found in our study suggests that the 9-valent HPV vaccine is significantly required, which is considered important to reduce the risk of developing HPV-related cancers, specifically in the HIV+ population.

title:
  Cervical and oral human papillomavirus infection in women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and matched HIV-negative controls in Brazil

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Despite the demonstrated role of human Papillomavirus (HPV) in the etiology of cervical cancer and the strong evidence suggesting the importance of HPV in the development of oropharyngeal cancer, several aspects of the interrelationship between HPV infection in both body sites remain unknown, specifically in female human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive (HIV+) patients. We aimed to assess the prevalence, distribution, and concordance of cervical and oral HPV in HIV+ women and matched HIV-negative (HIV-) controls in Brazil. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cervical and endocervical samples for cytological screening and HPV detection and oral samples were collected from 115 HIV+ women using highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and 139 HIV-matched controls (HIV-) in Maringá City, Brazil. Risk factors were assessed using a standardized questionnaire, and the data regarding HIV infection were obtained from the patients’ medical records. HPV detection and typing were performed using the Kit Multiplex XGEN Multi HPV Chip HS12. RESULTS: HIV infection was well controlled in this cohort, but women who exhibited detectable HIV loads were significantly associated with HPV-positive status overall (P = 0.03) and in cervical mucosa (P = 0.01). HIV+ women had significantly more abnormal cytological findings (P = 0.04) than HIV- women. Of the 115 HIV+ women, 48.7% were positive for cervical and/or oral HPV DNA; of the 139 HIV- women, 41% were positive for cervical and/or oral HPV (P = 0.25). Both HIV+ and HIV- women had a statistically higher prevalence of cervical HPV infection than oral infection. The concurrent HPV infection in two anatomical sites was similar in HIV+ and HIV- women; however, HPV type concordance was not observed. HPV type distribution was different between the anatomical sites in both groups, and HIV+ women presented less common types, mainly in oral mucosa. CONCLUSION: Our data support the importance of testing HPV infection in HIV+ women, even when the HIV infection is well controlled. Prospective studies are required to better understand the natural history of HPV infection in both anatomical sites, specifically in HIV+ women.


id: cord-011023-eahx37cy
author: Fleischack, Anne
date: 2019-06-08
txt: ./txt/cord-011023-eahx37cy.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-011023-eahx37cy.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7223381/
doi: 10.1007/s10447-019-09384-8
summary:
  Local and international research has shown that counselling for women who have experienced relationships characterised by intimate partner violence (IPV) can have many positive effects. These include: viewing IPV relationships as developing in stages, and modelling therapy based on this perspective; a client-centred approach in which the counsellor facilitates the client in choosing solutions and actions that are compatible and appropriate for themselves (the client) (McHattie 2011); and a competency framework that focuses on counselling skills, specialist knowledge and specific personal characteristics needed for working with this client group (Roddy and Gabriel 2019) . Given the high level of gender-based violence in many countries (including South Africa, the site of this study), and that counsellors tend to be women, how the counsellors experience the counselling encounter in regard to IPV is an important aspect of understanding such counselling. The micro-narratives the counsellors related of their experiences of counselling women in IPV relationships, and the associated subject positions, point to a number of conundrums or double binds.

title:
  The Conundrums of Counselling Women in Violent Intimate Partner Relationships in South Africa: Implications for Practice

abstract:
  Little research focuses on how counsellors experience counselling encounters concerning intimate partner violence. This study reports on narrative research conducted with eight South African non-governmental organisation counsellors. Participants spoke of creating productive and caring counselling dynamics, and providing non-directive counselling. However, they also indicated providing moral guidance, particularly in cases where pregnancy or children were involved. Success was viewed rather narrowly as the women leaving the relationship, setting up ‘all-or-nothing’ outcomes. Such ‘success’ led to counsellor happiness, whilst failure in this regard led to counsellors experiencing anger and burn-out. We conclude that the conundrums evident in these data are grounded in patriarchal systems, limiting the efficacy of counselling based on a bondage and deliverance narrative. Implications for practice and training are also outlined.


id: cord-013390-i5h7ob3n
title: Psychosocial Aspects of Female Breast Cancer in the Middle East and North Africa
author: Salem, Haya
date: 2020-09-18
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7559584/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186802
abstract:
  Breast cancer, the most common cancer among women in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, is associated with social and psychological implications deriving from women’s socio-cultural contexts. Examining 74 articles published between 2007 and 2019, this literature/narrative review explores the psychosocial aspects of female breast cancer in the MENA region. It highlights socio-cultural barriers to seeking help and socio-political factors influencing women’s experience with the disease. In 17 of 22 Arab countries, common findings emerge which derive from shared cultural values. Findings indicate that women lack knowledge of breast cancer screening (BCS) and breast cancer self-examination (BSE) benefits/techniques due to a lack of physicians’ recommendations, fear, embarrassment, cultural beliefs, and a lack of formal and informal support systems. Women in rural areas or with low socioeconomic status further lack access to health services. Women with breast cancer, report low self-esteem due to gender dynamics and a tendency towards fatalism. Collaboration between mass media, health and education systems, and leading social-religious figures plays a major role in overcoming psychological and cultural barriers, including beliefs surrounding pain, fear, embarrassment, and modesty, particularly for women of lower socioeconomic status and women living in crises and conflict zones.


id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
title: Scientific Abstracts
author: nan
date: 2008-12-23
txt: ./txt/cord-015394-uj7fe5y6.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-015394-uj7fe5y6.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7104449/
doi: 10.1177/19337191080150020102
abstract: nan
summary:
  Studies involving immunohistochemical analysis of normal ovaries have shown that granulosa cells express significantly higher levels of the activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor, cFos compared to theca cells, where cFos expression is virtually absent. Following acute hypoxia (0.5% O2) for one to six hours, RhoA mRNA, total protein and activation (RhoA-GTP) levels were analysed, using semi-quantitative PCRs and western blot, and compared to normoxic non-pregnant human uterine smooth muscle control cells. Since there is an urgent need for non-invasive methods for determination of fetal (F) and placental (P) function, this study was designed to evaluate the genes differently and commonly expressed in P tissue and leukocytes in maternal (M) and F circulation.Material and Methods. The current study: 1) localized IL-6 mRNA levels in preeclamptic versus normal decidual sections; 2) evaluated mechanisms regulating IL-6 synthesis by targeting intracellular signaling pathways with specific inhibitors; 3) identified potential IL-6 targets by immunolocalizing the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) to specific cell types in placental bed biopsies.


id: cord-016173-ro7nhody
title: Pulmonary Disorders in Pregnancy
author: Louis, Mariam
date: 2014-08-13
txt: ./txt/cord-016173-ro7nhody.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-016173-ro7nhody.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120384/
doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-1244-1_11
summary:
  Although most clinical practices use symptom-based, guideline-directed assessments to decide on medication use, recent data from a randomized controlled trial suggest lower rates of exacerbation, improved quality of life, and reduced neonatal hospitalization when management decisions were based on measurements of exhaled nitric oxide in pregnancy [ 10 ] . Changes in physiology and immunity associated with pregnancy may increase the risk of infection and severe outcomes in the pregnant women. In addition, infl uenza infection during pregnancy increases the risk of adverse fetal outcomes. Pregnant women are at increased risk for morbidity (including cardiorespiratory complications) and mortality from infl uenza compared with nonpregnant controls [ 43 -46 ] that is more pronounced in the second and third trimester of pregnancy [ 47 ] . In view of potential severe maternal disease from infl uenza and adverse fetal outcomes, benefi ts of treatment with antivirals likely outweigh the potential risks to the fetus.

abstract:
  Pregnancy is associated with some profound changes in the cardiovascular, respiratory, immune, and hematologic systems that impact the clinical presentation of respiratory disorders, their implications in pregnancy, and the decisions to treat. In addition, concerns for fetal well-being and safety of various interventions complicate the management of these disorders. In many circumstances, especially life-threatening ones, decisions are based upon a careful assessment of the risk benefit ratio rather than absolute safety of drugs and interventions. In this chapter, we review some of the common respiratory disorders that internists or obstetricians may be called upon to manage.


id: cord-017105-mljywm9p
title: Pulmonary Complications of Obstetric and Gynecologic Conditions
author: Jain, Amisha
date: 2017-10-24
txt: ./txt/cord-017105-mljywm9p.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-017105-mljywm9p.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121584/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-69620-1_8
summary:
  Uncontrolled asthma increases the risk of severe maternal and fetal complications including preeclampsia, preterm birth, low birth weight, intrauterine growth restriction, and increased perinatal mortality. In another case-control study, pregnancy had little effect on patients with stable CF, although poor outcomes were seen in those with severe disease. Pregnancy increases the risk of complications of pneumonia including respiratory failure, and the mortality is higher. Pregnant women are at an increased risk for pulmonary edema due to the hypervolemia and high cardiac output of pregnancy, the occasional need for tocolytic drugs that affect the vascular bed, and some clinical conditions unique to pregnancy. Pregnant patients are predisposed to thromboembolic disease for several reasons including (1) an increase in several coagulation factors and a decrease in fibrinolytic activity, leading to a hypercoagulable state, (2) venous stasis caused by uterine compression of the inferior vena cava and the left iliac vein, and (3) trauma to pelvic veins at the time of delivery.

abstract:
  The respiratory and the female reproductive systems are not embryologically or functionally related. However, the reproductive system can exert significant effects on the respiratory system as a result of the various hormonal changes that occur during a woman’s menstrual cycle and especially during pregnancy. In addition, there are several unique gynecologic and/or obstetric conditions that can directly affect the respiratory system. The following chapter reviews the effects of pregnancy on the respiratory system, as well as the special issues concerning the management of common respiratory conditions (e.g., pneumonia, asthma) during pregnancy. In addition it reviews several gynecologic disorders with unique pulmonary complications.


id: cord-018616-31n8zs84
author: Strong, Adrienne E.
date: 2018-08-10
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123537/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-97637-2_2
title:
  Effects of the West African Ebola Epidemic on Health Care of Pregnant Women: Stigmatization With and Without Infection

abstract:
  Following the end of the Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa in March 2016, the lingering effects of stigma on Ebola survivors, as well as children orphaned by the disease, have become evident. However, there was little scholarly attention paid to stigma while the outbreak was still active. This chapter explores the effects of stigmatization on the health care services that pregnant women, both with and without Ebola, were able to access and receive during the outbreak. We propose three primary ways in which stigma operated to reduce pregnant women’s access to health care services during the outbreak: (1) Women and their relatives were afraid to go to health facilities for fear of being infected with Ebola while there, i.e., stigmatization of health care facilities; (2) Health care workers frequently died due to their occupational exposure to EVD while caring for others, i.e., they were stigmatized as carriers or transmitters of Ebola; and (3) Pregnant women themselves were refused services at health facilities due to fears that they were infected with Ebola, i.e., the physiological processes of birth, which involve high levels of potential for exposure to bodily fluids, led to health care workers’ stigmatization of these women when they sought services during pregnancy or, particularly, at the time of giving birth. In several of the countries that experienced the worst of the outbreak, women already faced some of the world’s highest rates of pregnancy-related death even prior to the advent of the epidemic. We argue that the high fatality rate for pregnant women with Ebola, the drastic effects of the epidemic on countries’ health care workforce, and the inherent messiness of birth, all coalesced to create heightened discrimination and stigma around seeking care during pregnancy and birth.


id: cord-022678-86s3u7dl
author: nan
date: 2004-03-11
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7159618/
doi: 10.1111/j.1479-828x.2004.00202.x
abstract: nan
title:
  Inaugural Meeting of the International Society of Obstetric Medicine: 21–25 October 2003, Fremantle, Western AustraliaRefereed Abstracts of Original Oral Presentations at the Meeting


id: cord-027379-e8yk4a09
title: Risk Profiles of Financial Service Portfolio for Women Segment Using Machine Learning Algorithms
author: Lozano-Medina, Jessica Ivonne
date: 2020-05-25
txt: ./txt/cord-027379-e8yk4a09.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-027379-e8yk4a09.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7304698/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-50436-6_42
summary:
  title: Risk Profiles of Financial Service Portfolio for Women Segment Using Machine Learning Algorithms Furthermore, the stochastic nature of the data makes it difficult to generate a suitable profile to offer an adequate financial portfolio to the women segment. Such institutions include governmental organizations, who wish to increase the involvement of women in the finance industry [23] , and also of financial institutions that wish to classify better the profiles of their clients. And these type of techniques can benefit the study of risk profiles due to being able to create complex models, manage the amount of features and classify them with high accuracy. For the financial institution it will help to provide a better product, a safer investment, and aid in its decision-making as a better way of classifying and understanding user risk profiles. The goal is to create a model that predicts the value of a target variable by learning simple decision rules inferred from the data features.

abstract:
  Typically, women are scored with a lower financial risk than men. However, the understanding of variables and indicators that lead to such results, are not fully understood. Furthermore, the stochastic nature of the data makes it difficult to generate a suitable profile to offer an adequate financial portfolio to the women segment. As the amount, variety, and speed of data increases, so too does the uncertainty inherent within, leading to a lack of confidence in the results. In this research, machine learning techniques are used for data analysis. In this way, faster, more accurate results are obtained than in traditional models (such as statistical models or linear programming) in addition to their scalability.


id: cord-030378-f9hf9plf
author: Madsen, Tracy E.
date: 2020-07-20
txt: ./txt/cord-030378-f9hf9plf.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-030378-f9hf9plf.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7380702/
doi: 10.1056/cat.20.0268
summary:
  In addition, there are known issues with respirator and personal protective equipment (PPE) fit for women, which further increases the risk of infection.6 As we can only speculate regarding potential gender differences in either individual-or population-level infection rates for frontline physicians, future reports of Covid-19 infections and deaths among health care workers should be reported by job title (i.e., physicians, nurses, technicians), gender, race, and ethnicity. Despite new challenges in both the home and work environment, the role of academic physicians and their responsibilities in research, administration, and education remain, and the Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in the creation of countless new opportunities to contribute to the advancement of science and education. Whether one is caring for young children, aging parents, or partners, the combination of increasing clinical challenges with new caregiving responsibilities is creating major barriers for continued academic productivity including " reduced work hours and frequent interruptions.

title:
  Unique Risks and Solutions for Equitable Advancement during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Early Experience from Frontline Physicians in Academic Medicine

abstract:
  Given the demands facing physicians working on the frontlines in academic health centers, heightened attention to gender inequities in the context of home and workplace stressors, research and authorship projects, and academic/professional advancement opportunities require focused strategies.


id: cord-031547-pjrutidu
title: Local Responses to a Global Pandemic: Women Mayors Lead the Way
author: Funk, Kendall D.
date: 2020-07-14
txt: ./txt/cord-031547-pjrutidu.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-031547-pjrutidu.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7477465/
doi: 10.1017/s1743923x20000410
summary:
  Even before the novel coronavirus, COVID-19, was declared a pandemic, prominent women mayors in the United States enacted proactive and innovative policies to prevent local outbreaks and soften the social and economic repercussions. Several Black women mayors, in particular, have led the way in local pandemic response efforts. Several Black women mayors in particular, including San Francisco mayor London Breed, Chicago mayor Lori Lightfoot, and Atlanta mayor Keisha Lance Bottoms, have demonstrated remarkable leadership and ingenuity. This article uses hypothesis-generating case studies (Levy 2008) of Democratic women mayors of large U.S. cities to theorize about potential systematic gendered responses to the pandemic. In Arizona, when the statewide stay-at-home order was set to expire, Mayors Romero, Gallego, and Evans issued a statement urging the governor to follow all Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines and to present clear data showing a decline in cases before reopening the state.

abstract:
  Even before the novel coronavirus, COVID-19, was declared a pandemic, prominent women mayors in the United States enacted proactive and innovative policies to prevent local outbreaks and soften the social and economic repercussions. Several Black women mayors, in particular, have led the way in local pandemic response efforts. This article identifies four major features of these and other women mayors’ early responses. First, women mayors demonstrated proactive leadership even when faced with pushback. Second, these mayors advocated for transparent and evidence-based decision-making at all levels of government. Third, they enacted measures to protect vulnerable communities and reduce disparities. Fourth, they actively shared advice on best practices and lessons learned, and provided examples for other local leaders to follow. The article concludes by situating these responses in the larger research on gender and leadership and asks whether these women's actions are unique or part of a systematic trend of gendered responses to the pandemic.


id: cord-032245-f5g3r3nv
title: Women at the frontline of COVID-19: Can Gender Mainstreaming in Free Trade Agreements Help?
author: Bahri, Amrita
date: 2020-09-10
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7499601/
doi: 10.1093/jiel/jgaa023
abstract:
  Health pandemics affect women and men differently, and they can make the existing gender inequalities much worse. COVID-19 is one such pandemic, which can have substantial gendered implications both during and in the post-pandemic world. Its economic and social consequences could deepen the existing gender inequalities and roll back the limited gains made in respect of women empowerment in the past few decades. The impending global recession, multiple trade restrictions, economic lockdown, and social distancing measures can expose vulnerabilities in social, political, and economic systems, which, in turn, could have a profound impact on women’s participation in trade and commerce. The article outlines five main reasons that explain why this health pandemic has put women employees, entrepreneurs, and consumers at the frontline of the struggle. It then explores how free trade agreements can contribute in repairing the harm in the post-pandemic world. In doing so, the author sheds light on various ways in which the existing trade agreements embrace gender equality considerations and how they can be better prepared to help minimize the pandemic-inflicted economic loss to women.


id: cord-033817-hxxa299y
author: Nichols, Carly E.
date: 2020-07-17
txt: ./txt/cord-033817-hxxa299y.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-033817-hxxa299y.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7562781/
doi: 10.1017/s1743923x20000483
summary:
  Drawing on qualitative inquiry in agrarian north India and Nepal, this research note analyzes how South Asian COVID-19 lockdowns have affected women''s labor responsibilities in sometimes surprising ways. We conclude that more research is needed to examine the nuanced aspects of COVID-19''s gendered labor impacts to create comprehensive policy responses to address the multiple and sometimes conflicting effects the lockdown has had on agrarian women''s informal labor and well-being. 2018) In this research note, we draw on qualitative data collected in Nepal and the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh (HP) to explore the complex impacts that COVID-19 and lockdown policies are having on women''s labor roles within the context of agrarian distress. Scholars have found that rural parents in India often sustain their own hope for THE GENDERED IMPACTS OF COVID-19 AMID AGRARIAN DISTRESS the future through investing in children''s education (Jakimow 2016) .

title:
  The Gendered Impacts of COVID-19 amid Agrarian Distress: Opportunities for Comprehensive Policy Response in Agrarian South Asia

abstract:
  COVID-19 and its associated disease control measures have greatly altered everyday life. The burden of these challenges has fallen disproportionately on women. Drawing on qualitative inquiry in agrarian north India and Nepal, this research note analyzes how South Asian COVID-19 lockdowns have affected women's labor responsibilities in sometimes surprising ways. We find increased responsibilities for caregiving within the household, substantial stress in responding to food insecurity, and growing expectations to fulfill public roles in disease response measures. However, we also find that the return of male migrants and youth has, in some cases, reduced women's farming responsibilities and created opportunities for household togetherness at a time of great uncertainty. We conclude that more research is needed to examine the nuanced aspects of COVID-19's gendered labor impacts to create comprehensive policy responses to address the multiple and sometimes conflicting effects the lockdown has had on agrarian women's informal labor and well-being.


id: cord-033827-ex1ahuc6
author: Brooks, Deborah Jordan
date: 2020-08-18
txt: ./txt/cord-033827-ex1ahuc6.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-033827-ex1ahuc6.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7562855/
doi: 10.1017/s1743923x20000628
summary:
  We find that women overall, as well as female political party members, workers, and workplace leaders in particular, share a distinctively female perspective that more heavily emphasizes caution with respect to COVID-19 compared with men. We find that women tend to share distinctive perspectives regarding COVID-19 that emphasize caution far more than is the case for their male counterparts, and we show that the gender difference tracks across political parties. In light of the poor representation of women among decision makers in most U.S. industries and in politics, the results of this analysis suggest that regulations about COVID-19-related issues are likely to be less focused on the protection of individuals from the coronavirus than might otherwise be the case if women were equally represented in leadership roles in the United States. As a result, we examine whether there is a gender gap among workers regarding responses to COVID-19 and, in turn, whether differences exist between workplace leaders versus nonleader employees.

title:
  Double Whammy: Why the Underrepresentation of Women among Workplace and Political Decision Makers Matters in Pandemic Times

abstract:
  In this article, we explore whether women's underrepresentation among political and workplace decision makers may subject female citizens and employees to COVID-19-related decisions that are at odds with their preferences. We find that women overall, as well as female political party members, workers, and workplace leaders in particular, share a distinctively female perspective that more heavily emphasizes caution with respect to COVID-19 compared with men. Given the limited representation of women leaders across most industries and in politics, COVID-19 regulations are thus likely to be less cautious than would be the case if there were an equitable representation of women across leadership roles. We argue that female employees, in particular, face a representational “double whammy” for COVID-19: gender imbalances in workplace leadership create inequities that are compounded—rather than redressed—by unequal political representation. We conclude by addressing how this dynamic may enhance the movement of women away from Republican candidates moving forward.


id: cord-034124-k49osvkd
title: Gender and Political Leadership in a Time of COVID
author: Johnson, Carol
date: 2020-06-10
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7578628/
doi: 10.1017/s1743923x2000029x
abstract:
  The COVID-19 pandemic has undermined the division between the private sphere of the home and the public sphere of politics that has traditionally disadvantaged women political leaders. Whereas male political leaders historically drew on their traditional role as the male head of household to display forms of masculine protectionism toward citizens, women leaders are now able to draw on their traditional motherly role—for example, as the member of the household who traditionally cares for the sick—to display forms of feminine protectionism. As a result, international women leaders have managed to leverage women's role in the home to their advantage in the political sphere. Significantly, an appreciation of traditionally feminine attributes in women political leaders has been displayed in much media coverage, providing more favorable coverage of female political leaders than was previously the case.


id: cord-252902-qtfx49qp
author: Scott, Jodie
date: 2020-10-19
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33086583/
doi: 10.3390/jcm9103351
title:
  Creating Healthy Change in the Preconception Period for Women with Overweight or Obesity: A Qualitative Study Using the Information–Motivation–Behavioural Skills Model

abstract:
  Worldwide, half of women begin a pregnancy with overweight or obesity, which increases the risk of pregnancy and birth complications and adversely affects the lifelong health of the offspring. In order for metabolic changes to influence the gestational environment, research suggests that weight loss should take place before conception. This study aimed to understand women’s emotional and social contexts, knowledge, motivations, skills and self-efficacy in making healthy change. Semi-structured interviews conducted with twenty-three women with overweight or obesity, informed by the Information–Motivation–Behavioural Skills (IMB) model, were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Information-related themes identified included poor health risk knowledge, healthy food decisions and health versus convenience. The Motivation themes comprised taking responsibility, flexible options, social expectations, interpersonal challenges and accountability. Behavioural Skills entailed themes such as the mental battle, time management, self-care and inspiration. An environmental factor was identified in affordability—limiting access to healthier alternatives. Women wanted simple, flexible options that considered family commitments, time and budgetary constraints. Unprompted, several mentioned the importance of psychological support in managing setbacks, stress and maintaining motivation. Strategies for enhancing self-efficacy and motivational support are required to enable longstanding health behaviour change. Findings will inform intervention mapping development of an eHealth solution for women preconception.


id: cord-255166-sar50ej0
title: Respiratory disease in pregnancy
author: Stone, Sophia
date: 2007-05-07
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1751721407000553
doi: 10.1016/j.ogrm.2007.03.006
abstract:
  Breathlessness in the absence of an underlying pathology is common in pregnancy. Asthma affects about 7% of women of childbearing age. Treatment is the same as for the non-pregnant population and most drugs are safe in pregnancy. Educating women to continue preventer inhaled corticosteroid therapy will reduce the risk of attacks. Respiratory infections are associated with a higher morbidity in pregnancy and should be treated aggressively. Most chronic pulmonary diseases do not alter fertility. Large reserves in respiratory function allow the fetus and mother to survive without compromise in most cases. The use of chest X-rays should not be avoided in pregnancy. Women with a chronic respiratory disease should receive pre-pregnancy counselling and education. Women should be managed in a multidisciplinary setting with the respiratory team. The presence of pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale is associated with a high risk of death in pregnancy.


id: cord-255376-nqq5ieyg
title: COVID‐19: A threat to educated Muslim women's negotiated identity in Pakistan
author: Safdar, Muhammad
date: 2020-05-08
url: https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12457
doi: 10.1111/gwao.12457
abstract:
  This study attempts to explore how the lockdown/containment measures taken by the government during the COVID‐19 pandemic have threatened educated Muslim women's negotiated identity regarding wifehood and motherhood in urban Pakistan and how they struggle to reposition to reconstruct it. Through semi‐structured interviews, making an in‐depth comparative study of three differently situated cases (Muslim women), this study argues that the abnormal situation that has ensued from the pandemic has reinforced the vulnerability of women's nascent negotiated identity by landing them in a space where they are supposed by the normative structures to step back to carrying out their traditional responsibilities as ‘good’ wife and mother during the crisis. It has found that the pandemic has similarity in its impacts for the women in their familial lives, despite their being variously situated and resistive, due to the general religio‐culturally defined patriarchal social behaviour of the place (Pakistan) toward women and lack of action on the part of the state for implementing its laws of women's empowerment.


id: cord-255476-p0gyyl3c
title: Placental SARS‐CoV‐2 in a Pregnant Woman with Mild COVID‐19 Disease
author: Hsu, Albert L.
date: 2020-08-04
txt: ./txt/cord-255476-p0gyyl3c.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-255476-p0gyyl3c.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26386
doi: 10.1002/jmv.26386
summary:
  Current literature suggests minimal maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality.(1) COVID‐19 manifestations appear similar between pregnant and non‐pregnant women.(2) OBJECTIVES/STUDY DESIGN: We present a case of placental SARS‐CoV‐2 virus in a woman with mild COVID‐19 disease, then review the literature. Evidence of placental COVID‐19 raises concern for placental vasculopathy (potentially leading to fetal growth restriction and other pregnancy complications) and possible vertical transmission – especially for pregnant women who may be exposed to COVID‐19 in early pregnancy. In this case study, we present a case of placental SARS-CoV-2 virus in a woman with an uncomplicated pregnancy and mild COVID-19 disease. To date, there is still no other published work about SARS-CoV-2 virus by immunohistochemistry in the placentas of women with mild COVID-19 disease. Despite her having mild COVID-19 disease in pregnancy, we demonstrate placental vasculopathy and presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus across the placenta. Vertical transmission of COVID-19: SARS-CoV-2 RNA on the fetal side of the placenta in pregnancies with COVID-19 positive mothers and neonates at birth

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: The full impact of COVID‐19 on pregnancy remains uncharacterized. Current literature suggests minimal maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality.(1) COVID‐19 manifestations appear similar between pregnant and non‐pregnant women.(2) OBJECTIVES/STUDY DESIGN: We present a case of placental SARS‐CoV‐2 virus in a woman with mild COVID‐19 disease, then review the literature. RT‐PCR was performed to detect SARS‐CoV‐2. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed with specific monoclonal antibodies to detect SARS‐CoV‐2 antigen or to identify trophoblasts. RESULTS: A 29 year‐old multigravida presented at 40‐4/7 weeks for labor induction. With myalgias two days prior, she tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2. We demonstrate maternal vascular malperfusion, with no fetal vascular malperfusion, as well as SARS‐CoV‐2 virus in chorionic villi endothelial cells, and also rarely in trophoblasts. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first report of placental SARS‐CoV‐2 despite mild COVID‐19 disease (no symptoms of COVID‐19 aside from myalgias); patient had no fever, cough, or shortness of breath, but only myalgias and sick contacts. Despite her mild COVID‐19 disease in pregnancy, we demonstrate placental vasculopathy and presence of SARS‐CoV‐2 virus across the placenta. Evidence of placental COVID‐19 raises concern for placental vasculopathy (potentially leading to fetal growth restriction and other pregnancy complications) and possible vertical transmission – especially for pregnant women who may be exposed to COVID‐19 in early pregnancy. This raises important questions of whether future pregnancy guidance should include stricter pandemic precautions, such as screening for a wider array of COVID‐19 symptoms, increased antenatal surveillance, and possibly routine COVID‐19 testing throughout pregnancy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


id: cord-265077-7dh669jv
author: Liu, Fang
date: 2020-08-13
txt: ./txt/cord-265077-7dh669jv.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-265077-7dh669jv.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.2147/idr.s264541
doi: 10.2147/idr.s264541
summary:
  METHODS: A retrospective case-controlled study was conducted to review clinical and CT data of 21 pregnant and 19 age-matched non-pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia. CONCLUSION: Pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia did not present typical clinical features, while developing a relatively more severe disease at imaging with a slower recovery course and experiencing similar outcomes compared with the non-pregnant women. Previous studies have described the clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential in pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia and compared their outcomes with those of general population. In this case-controlled study, we aimed to investigate the clinical features, serial chest CT findings, and outcomes in pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia by comparing with age-matched non-pregnant women, which are crucial for profiling the disease in the special populations seeking the early detection, accurate diagnosis, and timely obstetrical management.

title:
  Clinico-Radiological Features and Outcomes in Pregnant Women with COVID-19 Pneumonia Compared with Age-Matched Non-Pregnant Women

abstract:
  PURPOSE: To investigate the clinico-radiological findings and outcomes in pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia compared to age-matched non-pregnant women. METHODS: A retrospective case-controlled study was conducted to review clinical and CT data of 21 pregnant and 19 age-matched non-pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia. Four stages of CT images were analyzed and compared based on the time interval from symptom onset: stage 1 (0–6 days), stage 2 (7–9 days), stage 3 (10–16 days), and stage 4 (>16 days). The initial and follow-up data were analyzed and compared. RESULTS: Compared with age-matched non-pregnant women, initial absence of fever (13/21, 62%) and normal lymphocyte count (11/21, 52%) were more frequent in pregnant group. The predominant patterns of lung lesions were pure ground-glass opacity (GGO), GGO with consolidation or reticulation, and pure consolidation in both groups. Pure consolidation on chest CT was more common at presentation in pregnant cases. Pregnant women progressed with a higher consolidation frequency compared with non-pregnant group in stage 2 (95% vs 82%). Improvement was identified in stages 3 and 4 for both groups, but consolidation was still more frequent for pregnant women in stage 4. Most patients (38/40, 95%) were grouped as mild or common type. The length of hospitalization between the two groups was similar. CONCLUSION: Pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia did not present typical clinical features, while developing a relatively more severe disease at imaging with a slower recovery course and experiencing similar outcomes compared with the non-pregnant women.


id: cord-272001-er7lvhn5
title: A Mixed-Methods Pilot Study of Perinatal Risk and Resilience During COVID-19
author: Farewell, Charlotte V.
date: 2020-07-16
txt: ./txt/cord-272001-er7lvhn5.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-272001-er7lvhn5.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32674654/
doi: 10.1177/2150132720944074
summary:
  The primary aim of this pilot study was to use mixed-methods to better understand the mental health and well-being effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, as well as sources of resilience, among women during the perinatal period. Thirty-one pregnant and postpartum women participated in phone interviews and were invited to complete an online survey which included validated mental health and well-being measures. 10, 11 Many studies have explored the impacts of disasters, or events that cause disruption exceeding the adjustment capacity of the affected community, 13 on mental health and have found that prenatal and postpartum women may experience significantly higher rates of mood disorders during disasters compared with the general population. 19 The primary aim of this pilot study was to use mixed-methods to better understand mental health and well-being, as well as sources of resilience, for women in the perinatal period during the COVID-19 pandemic.

abstract:
  Introduction/Objectives: National guidelines underscore the need for improvement in the detection and treatment of mood disorders in the perinatal period. Exposure to disasters can amplify perinatal mood disorders and even have intergenerational impacts. The primary aim of this pilot study was to use mixed-methods to better understand the mental health and well-being effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, as well as sources of resilience, among women during the perinatal period. Methods: The study team used a simultaneous exploratory mixed-methods design to investigate the primary objective. Thirty-one pregnant and postpartum women participated in phone interviews and were invited to complete an online survey which included validated mental health and well-being measures. Results: Approximately 12% of the sample reported high depressive symptomatology and 60% reported moderate or severe anxiety. Forty percent of the sample reported being lonely. The primary themes related to stress were uncertainty surrounding perinatal care, exposure risk for both mother and baby, inconsistent messaging from information sources and lack of support networks. Participants identified various sources of resilience, including the use of virtual communication platforms, engaging in self-care behaviors (eg, adequate sleep, physical activity, and healthy eating), partner emotional support, being outdoors, gratitude, and adhering to structures and routines. Conclusions: Since the onset of COVID-19, many pregnant and postpartum women report struggling with stress, depression, and anxiety symptomatology. Findings from this pilot study begin to inform future intervention work to best support this highly vulnerable population.


id: cord-275786-etli5c3a
title: TOWARDS PERSONALIZED MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC HYPERTENSION IN PREGNANCY
author: MAGEE, Laura A.
date: 2020-07-18
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002937820307456?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.07.026
abstract:
  ABSTRACT Objectives Chronic hypertension complicates 1-2% of pregnancies and it is increasingly common. Women with chronic hypertension are easily-recognized and in touch with a wide variety of healthcare providers before, during, and after pregnancy, mandating that chronic hypertension in pregnancy be within the scope of many practitioners. We reviewed recent data on management to inform current care and future research. Study design Narrative review of published literature. Results Compared with normotensive women, women with chronic hypertension are at increased risk of maternal and perinatal complications. Women wish to be involved in their care and are capable of measuring blood pressure (BP) at home. Accurate devices for home BP monitoring are now available. The diagnostic criteria for superimposed preeclampsia remain problematic, as most guidelines continue to include deteriorating BP control in the definition. It has not been established how angiogenic markers may aid in confirmation of the diagnosis of superimposed preeclampsia when suspected, over and above information provided by routinely-available clinical data and laboratory results. While chronic hypertension is a strong risk factor for preeclampsia and aspirin decreases preeclampsia risk, the effectiveness specifically among women with chronic hypertension has been questioned. It is unclear whether calcium has an independent effect in preeclampsia prevention in such women. Treating hypertension with antihypertensive therapy halves the risk of progression to severe hypertension, thrombocytopenia, and elevated liver enzymes, but a reduction in preeclampsia or serious maternal complications has not been demonstrated; however, the latter lack of evidence is possibly due to few events. Also, treating chronic hypertension neither reduces nor increases fetal/newborn death or morbidity, regardless of the gestational age at which the antihypertensive treatment is started. Antihypertensive agents are not teratogenic, but there may be an increase in malformations associated with chronic hypertension itself. At present, BP treatment targets used in clinic are the same as those used at home; although BP values tend to be inconsistently lower at home among hypertensive women. While starting all women on the same antihypertensive medication is usually effective in reducing BP, it remains unclear whether there is an optimal agent for such an approach, or how best to use combinations of antihypertensive medications. An alternative approach is to individualize care, using maternal characteristics and BP features beyond BP level (e.g., variability) that are of prognostic value. Outcomes may be improved by timed birth between 38+0-39+6 weeks based on observational literature; confirmatory trial evidence is pending. Postnatal care is facilitated by the acceptability of most antihypertensives (included angiotensin converting enzymes inhibitors) for use in breastfeeding. Conclusions The evidence base to guide the care of pregnant women with chronic hypertension is growing and aligning international guidance. Addressing outstanding research questions would inform personalized care of chronic hypertension in pregnancy.


id: cord-277343-0el69uxr
title: Identity, politics, and the pandemic: Why is COVID-19 a disaster for feminism(s)?
author: Berkhout, Suze G.
date: 2020-10-13
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40656-020-00346-7
doi: 10.1007/s40656-020-00346-7
abstract:
  COVID-19 has been called “a disaster for feminism” (Lewis in The coronavirus is a disaster for feminism, 2020) for numerous reasons. In this short piece, we make sense of this claim, drawing on intersectional feminism(s) to understand why an analysis that considers gender alone is inadequate to address both the risks and consequences of COVID-19.


id: cord-285898-rtqkvf63
title: Anti-infective Agents
author: Padberg, Stephanie
date: 2014-09-29
txt: ./txt/cord-285898-rtqkvf63.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-285898-rtqkvf63.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978012408078200007X
doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-408078-2.00007-x
summary:
  In the case of clarithromycin, there was some 2.6 Anti-infective Agents 2 Pregnancy initial concern as animal experiments demonstrated teratogenic effects, and for instance, in some studies cardiovascular defects were induced in rats. In a prospective cohort study with 949 women who were exposed to a fluorquinolone during the first trimester, neither the rate of major birth defects, nor the risk of spontaneous abortion were increased compared to a control group (Padberg 2014) . Danish cohort studies based on a prescription register also could not find an increased risk of birth defects after first trimester exposure in several thousand pregnant women (Nørgaard 2008 , Sørensen 1999 ). Data from the Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry (2013) with 27 birth defects in 905 cases, indicate a malformation rate of 3.0% after exposure during the first trimester, similarly as seen in the general population of the USA. Three birth defects were observed among 141 pregnant women with first trimester exposures reported to the Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry (2013).

abstract:
  Infections may be hazardous to the health of the mother, the course of pregnancy, and the unborn child. They can lead to premature labor or premature rupture of membranes and thereby increase the risk for spontaneous abortion and prematurity. Furthermore, certain germs can pass to the unborn child and harm it directly. Therefore, an anti-infective treatment which should be both effective and safe for the mother and the unborn child is often required. The use of penicillines and older cephalosporines is well documented and considered to be safe. Consequently, they are the drug of choice during pregnancy. In selected cases of bacterial resistance or intolerance to first-line antibiotics, other anti-infective agents might be recommended. Especially for life-threatening infections, a therapy with not so well-tried agents might be needed. The potential benefit of treatment in such cases most often outbalances the potential risk for the unborn child.


id: cord-289680-pjcskj4m
title: Light in the midst of chaos: COVID-19 and female political representation()
author: Piazza, Kelly Senters
date: 2020-09-02
txt: ./txt/cord-289680-pjcskj4m.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-289680-pjcskj4m.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105125
doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105125
summary:
  Research on gender and politics shows that exceptional environments can activate stereotypes of women as honest, trustworthy, and competent lawmakers in public health and, in doing so, can generate increased public support for female political candidates. In line with this research, the Coronavirus Pandemic may increase female representation not due to their perceived trustworthiness or competence in public health but because party leaders are more likely to assign women to leadership positions with high risk of failure in moments of crisis. Reports praising German Chancellor Angela Merkel''s sciencebased response, widespread testing, transparency, stringent social distancing policies, travel restrictions, and relational appeals to the public to induce compliance 6 and New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Arden''s clarity, compassion, strict national lockdown, travel restrictions, and pervasive testing (Mahdawi, 2020) 7 have fostered the narrative that female executives have more effectively, efficiently, and impressively handled the coronavirus pandemic (Cherneski, 2020) .

abstract:
  The promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of women are global policy priorities across countries and development institutions. Research on gender and politics shows that exceptional environments can activate stereotypes of women as honest, trustworthy, and competent lawmakers in public health and, in doing so, can generate increased public support for female political candidates. We argue that the 2019–2020 Coronavirus Pandemic has the potential to produce this outcome, as recent public opinion polls highlight widespread discontent with male-led governments’ responses to the pandemic and elevated concerns surrounding public health. Recent positive media reports of female world leaders’ responses to the pandemic provide further reason to suspect a forthcoming increase in political support for female candidates. We posit that such an outcome may prove essential not only for enhancing development and improving long-standing gender inequities but also for alleviating the pandemic’s disproportionately allocated hardships.


id: cord-291681-igp6g3l7
title: The road to equity for women in academic rheumatology
author: Mahmood, Shereen N.
date: 2020-09-28
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32989312/
doi: 10.1038/s41584-020-00517-7
abstract:
  Gender disparities persist in many aspects of working life for women in academic rheumatology. To move forward, we must find ways to address the gender gap in rheumatology with the goal of creating a workforce as diverse as the patient population it serves.


id: cord-292800-5hy4uxpf
author: Nelson, Anita L.
date: 2020-07-25
txt: ./txt/cord-292800-5hy4uxpf.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-292800-5hy4uxpf.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666334120300441?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.xfre.2020.07.005
abstract: nan
summary:
  (1) They report increases in the utilization 3 of both contraceptive implants (particularly by adolescent women) and intrauterine devices, 4 and decreases in the use of oral contraceptives and permanent contraception. It would be reasonable to ask if these 10 trends predict future increases in women''s use of these highly effective and safe methods. About that same time, the 5 Affordable Care Act progressively removed many of the financial barriers to long-acting 6 methods, which measurably increased IUD use by privately insured women. Some new methods such as the 13-cycle EE/segestrel 4 vaginal ring and vaginal pH regulators for contraception still require clinicians to prescribe 5 them, but their use is controlled by the woman. Finally, the critical ongoing problem that Kavanaugh and Pliskin remind us of in their article is 7 the persistently high proportion (12%) of sexually active women who use no method of birth 8 control even though they do not desire to become pregnant.

title:
  Pulling back the curtain on trends in contraceptive use in recent years: What can we predict for the future?


id: cord-292853-xihpfidg
title: Social, cultural, and other diversity issues in the traumatic stress field
author: Ford, Julian D.
date: 2015-08-07
txt: ./txt/cord-292853-xihpfidg.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-292853-xihpfidg.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B978012801288800011X
doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801288-8.00011-x
summary:
  A social-ecological framework is used to differentiate the impact of exposure to traumatic stressors and the development of (or resistance to) PTSD, based on the individual''s or group''s (i) personal, unique physical characteristics, including skin color, racial background, gender, and sexual orientation; and (ii) family, ethnocultural, and community membership, including majority or minority group status, religious beliefs and practices, socioeconomic resources, and political and civic affiliations. Depending on Social, cultural, and other diversity issues in the traumatic stress field 505 their cultural background and its traditions and beliefs, individuals may also have "multiple vulnerability status"-that is, to be members of more than one group or to have characteristic that cause them to be even more susceptible to discrimination or victimization (i.e., adolescent black male in the United States; a baby born with physical or developmental disabilities in a culture that endorses selective resources to the ablebodied; a gay man or lesbian woman of color in a highly homophobic and racist society).

abstract:
  This chapter describes how the impact of psychological trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) differ, depending on individual differences and the social and cultural context and culture-specific teachings and resources available to individuals, families, and communities. A social-ecological framework is used to differentiate the impact of exposure to traumatic stressors and the development of (or resistance to) PTSD, based on the individual’s or group’s (i) personal, unique physical characteristics, including skin color, racial background, gender, and sexual orientation; and (ii) family, ethnocultural, and community membership, including majority or minority group status, religious beliefs and practices, socioeconomic resources, and political and civic affiliations. While personal, familial, social, and cultural factors can be a positive resource contributing to safety and well-being, they also can be a basis for placing the person, group, or entire community or population in harm’s way or at heightened risk of developing PTSD.


id: cord-295650-90pf87mj
title: COVID‐19 and raising the value of care
author: Thomason, Bobbi
date: 2020-06-03
txt: ./txt/cord-295650-90pf87mj.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-295650-90pf87mj.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837006/
doi: 10.1111/gwao.12461
summary:
  We explore how the gender wage gap is driven primarily by the fact that men and women sort into different work, with women being over‐represented in work where they care for others and in work that allows them to care for their families. This gap is driven primarily by the fact that men and women sort into different work, with women being over-represented in work where they care for others and in work that allows them to care for their families (Blau & Kahn, 2017; Goldin, 2014; Reskin, 1993) . Even when men and women work in the same professions, they continue to be sorted into high-and low-status positions. For example, men in care occupations tend to reach management and supervisory roles faster than women, a phenomenon known as the ''glass escalator'' (Williams, 1992) . Occupational segregation and the devaluation of women''s work across U.S. labor markets

abstract:
  In this opinion piece, we argue the current pandemic is shining a light on caregiving as critical work that is under‐valued and under‐paid. We call upon national lawmakers to raise the value of care work. Doing so would also make progress in solving another national crisis: closing the gender wage gap. We explore how the gender wage gap is driven primarily by the fact that men and women sort into different work, with women being over‐represented in work where they care for others and in work that allows them to care for their families.


id: cord-297635-higq7wje
title: A Feminist Perspective on COVID‐19 and the Value of Care Work Globally
author: Bahn, Kate
date: 2020-05-07
url: https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12459
doi: 10.1111/gwao.12459
abstract:
  The shared response to the COVID‐19 crisis demonstrates that the vast majority of society believes human well‐being ‐ not economic growth ‐ should be at the center of policy. COVID‐19 exposes the foundational role of care work, both paid and unpaid, to functioning societies and economies. Focusing on "production" instead of the sustainable reproduction of human life devalues care work and those who perform it. Women's physical and mental health, and the societies that rely on them, are at stake. When these policies are formulated, the field of feminist economics has valuable lessons for mitigating hardships as countries navigate the related economic fallout. A comprehensive response to the COVID‐19 crisis must recognize this gendered work as an integral part of the economic system that promotes human well‐being for all.


id: cord-299521-igo40dbs
title: Does Happiness Launch More Businesses? Affect, Gender, and Entrepreneurial Intention
author: Sweida, Gloria
date: 2020-09-21
txt: ./txt/cord-299521-igo40dbs.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-299521-igo40dbs.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32967308/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186908
summary:
  In one of the first studies to examine how positive affect, negative affect, gender, and gender roles interact with entrepreneurial intention, we conducted an online survey of 849 adults from the western, midwestern, and southern regions of the United States. The main reasons cited for differences between men and women''s EINT are (1) perceptions that the characteristics necessary for successful entrepreneurship are stereotypically male, (2) lack of training for women, (3) unfavorable economic and social environments for women, (4) lack of education for women, and (5) a lack of entrepreneurial self-efficacy among women [48, 49] . The data used for this paper were part of a larger study that utilized an internet-based survey and examined multiple constructs including EINT, acceptance of traditional gender roles, career choice, entrepreneurial industry interest, positive and negative affect, marketing strategies, and kidpreneur activities. The present study explored positive and negative affect, EINT, gender, and acceptance of traditional gender roles.

abstract:
  In one of the first studies to examine how positive affect, negative affect, gender, and gender roles interact with entrepreneurial intention, we conducted an online survey of 849 adults from the western, midwestern, and southern regions of the United States. A higher positive affect was associated with greater intention to start a business, however, lower levels of negative affect were not. As in previous studies, women showed less entrepreneurial intention than men, however, the presence of positive affect had a larger positive impact on women’s entrepreneurial intention than men’s. Contrary to expectations, acceptance of traditional gender roles interacted with entrepreneurial intention such that women’s entrepreneurial intention increased as their support of traditional gender roles increased, and for men, entrepreneurial intention decreased slightly as acceptance of traditional gender roles increased.


id: cord-301992-oin1m0uq
title: A guide to physiotherapy in urogynecology for patient care during the COVID-19 pandemic
author: Ferreira, Cristine Homsi Jorge
date: 2020-09-28
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-020-04542-8
doi: 10.1007/s00192-020-04542-8
abstract:
  INTRODUCTION AND AIM: Physiotherapy in urogynecology faces challenges to safely continuing its work, considering the adoption of social distancing measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Some guidelines have already been published for urogynecology; however, no specific documents have been produced on physiotherapy in urogynecology. This article aimed to offer guidance regarding physiotherapy in urogynecology during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A group of experts in physiotherapy in women’s health performed a literature search in the Pubmed, PEDro, Web of Science and Embase databases and proposed a clinical guideline for physiotherapy management of urogynecological disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. This document was reviewed by other physiotherapists and a multidisciplinary panel, which analyzed the suggested topics and reached consensus. The recommendations were grouped according to their similarities and allocated into categories. RESULTS: Four categories of recommendations (ethics and regulation issues, assessment of pelvic floor muscle function and dysfunction, health education and return to in-person care) were proposed. Telephysiotherapy and situations that need in-person care were also discussed. Regionalization is another topic that was considered. CONCLUSION: This study provides some guidance for continuity of the physiotherapist's work in urogynecology during the COVID-19 pandemic, considering the World Health Organization recommendations and the epidemiological public health situation of each region. Telephysiotherapy can also be used to provide continuity of the care in this area during the COVID-19 pandemic, opening new perspectives for physiotherapy in urogynecology.


id: cord-303035-xfg3iczd
author: Zhong, Yajuan
date: 2020-10-22
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002937820312072?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.10.032
title:
  Immunity and Coagulation/Fibrinolytic Processes may Reduce the Risk of Severe Illness in Pregnant Women with COVID-19

abstract:
  Background There are specific physiologic features regarding the immunity and coagulation among pregnant women, which may play important roles in the illness development of COVID-19. Objective To determine the key factors associated with the deterioration of patients with COVID-19 and the differentiating clinical characteristics of pregnant women with COVID-19, to interfere with the progression of COVID-19. Study Design A retrospective study of 539 Chinese Han adult patients with COVID-19 was conducted, of which 36 cases were pregnant women. 36 pregnant women without COVID-19 were recruited as the control. The characteristics of severe and critical illness which were differentiated from mild and moderate illness in patients with COVID-19 were analyzed using a machine learning algorithm. Additionally, major differences between pregnant women with COVID-19 and age-matched non-pregnant women with severe/critical COVID-19, paired with pregnant women without COVID-19, were explored to identify specific physiological features of pregnant women with COVID-19. Results For the total patient population, the lymphocyte, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+ and CD16+56+ cell counts were significantly lower, and white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were higher in those with severe/critical illness than those with mild/moderate illness (P<0.001). The plasma levels of IL-6, IL-10 and IL-6 to IL-10 ratio (IL-6/10) were significantly increased in critical patients, compared to mild, moderate and severe patients (P<0.001). The above immunological co-clusters achieved an AUC of 0.801 (95% CI: 0.764-0.838); and its combined model with the coagulation and fibrinolysis index (prothrombin time, d-dimer) achieved an AUC of 0.815 (95% CI: 0.779-0.851) using the random Forest regression model to predict severe or critical illness. For the pregnant women with COVID-19, none had pre-existing diseases. They displayed increased WBC, neutrophil count, NLR, and levels of D-dimer and fibrinogen, along with decreased lymphocyte and IL-4 level (P<0.05), compared with non-pregnant women with mild/moderate COVID-19. Although they presented similar changes of immunological markers of lymphocyte, WBC, NLR, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD16+56+ cell count and IL-6/10 compared with non-pregnant women with severe/critical COVID-19, none of the pregnant women with COVID-19 deteriorated into severe or critical illness. There were no significant differences in comparison to WBC, lymphocyte, neutrophil, NLR, immunological markers or coagulation fibrinolysis markers between pregnant women with COVID-19 and pregnant women without COVID-19. As for the discrepancy of pathophysiological features between pregnant women with COVID-19 and non-pregnant women with severe/critical COVID-19, the immunological markers achieved an AUC of 0.875 (95% CI: 0.773-0.977); and its combined model with coagulation and fibrinolysis index achieved an AUC of 0.931 (95% CI: 0.850-1.000). Conclusions Immune dysregulation was identified as a crucial feature of COVID-19 patients which developed severe or critical illness, and pregnant women with COVID-19 presented with similar immune responses but rarer incidences of severe or critical illness. Immune dysregulation is related to the risks of deterioration into severe or critical illness. The specific coagulation/fibrinolysis system of pregnancy may reduce pregnant women with COVID-19 without pre-existing disease from the development of severe illness.


id: cord-306453-w1sxap5p
title: Clinical course of severe and critical COVID-19 in hospitalized pregnancies: a US cohort study
author: Pierce-Williams, Rebecca A.M.
date: 2020-05-08
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S258993332030077X
doi: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100134
abstract:
  Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on healthcare systems around the world with 3.0 million infected and 208,000 resultant mortalities as of this writing. Information regarding infection in pregnancy is still limited. Objectives To describe the clinical course of severe and critical infection in hospitalized pregnant women with positive laboratory testing for SARS-CoV2. Study Design This is a cohort study of pregnant women with severe or critical COVID-19 infection hospitalized at 12 US institutions between March 5, 2020 and April 20, 2020. Severe infection was defined according to published criteria by patient reported dyspnea, respiratory rate > 30 per minute, blood oxygen saturation ≤ 93% on room air, partial pressure of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen <300 and/or lung infiltrates >50% within 24 to 48 hours on chest imaging. Critical disease was defined by respiratory failure, septic shock, and/or multiple organ dysfunction or failure. Women were excluded if they had presumed COVID-19 infection but laboratory testing was negative. The primary outcome was median duration from hospital admission to discharge. Secondary outcomes included need for supplemental oxygen, intubation, cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrest, death, and timing of delivery. The clinical courses are described by the median disease day on which these outcomes occurred after the onset of symptoms. Treatment and neonatal outcomes are also reported. Results Of 64 pregnant women hospitalized with COVID-19, 44 (69%) had severe and 20 (31%) critical disease. The following pre-existing comorbidities were observed: 25% had a pulmonary condition, 17% had cardiac disease and the mean BMI was 34 kg/m2. Gestational age at symptom onset was at a mean 29 ±6 weeks and at hospital admission a mean of 30 ±6 weeks, on a median day of disease 7 since first symptoms. Eighty-one percent of women were treated with hydroxychloroquine; 9% of women with severe disease and 65% of women with critical disease received remdesivir. All women with critical disease received either prophylactic or therapeutic anticoagulation during their admission. The median duration of hospital stay was 6 days (6 days for severe, 10.5 days for critical, p=0.01). For those who required it, intubation usually occurred around day 9, and peak respiratory support for women with severe disease occurred on day 8. In women with critical disease, prone positioning was performed in 20% of cases, the rate of ARDS was 70%, and re-intubation was necessary in 20%. There was one case of maternal cardiac arrest, but no cases of cardiomyopathy and no maternal deaths. Thirty-two (50%) women in this cohort delivered during their COVID-19 hospitalization (34% of severe and 85% of critical women). Eighty-eight percent (15/17) of pregnant women with critical COVID-19 who delivered during their disease course were delivered preterm, 94% of them via cesarean; in all, 75% (15/20) of critically ill women delivered preterm. There were no stillbirths or neonatal deaths, or cases of vertical transmission. Conclusion In hospitalized pregnant women with severe or critical COVID-19 infection, admission typically occurred about 7 days after symptom onset, and the duration of hospitalization was 6 days (6 severe versus 12 critical). Critically ill women had a high rate of ARDS, and there was one case of cardiac arrest, but there were no cases of cardiomyopathy, or maternal mortality. Hospitalization for severe or critical COVID-19 infection resulted in delivery during the course of infection in 50% of this cohort, usually in the third trimester. There were no perinatal deaths in this cohort.


id: cord-308424-crvnzr44
author: Mascarenhas, Victor Hugo Alves
date: 2020-08-10
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32785566/
doi: 10.1590/1518-8345.4596.3359
title:
  Care recommendations for parturient and postpartum women and newborns during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review

abstract:
  OBJECTIVE: to map the current knowledge on recommendations for labor, childbirth, and newborn (NB) care in the context of the novel coronavirus. METHOD: scoping review of papers identified in databases, repositories, and reference lists of papers included in the study. Two researchers independently read the papers’ full texts, extracted and analyzed data, and synthesized content. RESULTS: 19 papers were included, the content of which was synthesized and organized into two conceptual categories: 1) Recommendations concerning childbirth with three subcategories – Indications to anticipate delivery, Route of delivery, and Preparation of the staff and birth room, and 2) Recommendations concerning postpartum care with four categories – Breastfeeding, NB care, Hospital discharge, and Care provided to NB at home. CONCLUSION: prevent the transmission of the virus in the pregnancy-postpartum cycle, assess whether there is a need to interrupt pregnancies, decrease the circulation of people, avoid skin-to-skin contact and water births, prefer epidural over general anesthesia, keep mothers who tested positive or are symptomatic isolated from NB, and encourage breastfeeding. Future studies are needed to address directed pushing, instrumental delivery, delayed umbilical cord clamping, and bathing NB immediately after birth.


id: cord-308652-i6q23olv
author: Cobos-Sanchiz, David
date: 2020-06-30
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32629853/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17134697
title:
  The Importance of Work-Related Events and Changes in Psychological Distress and Life Satisfaction amongst Young Workers in Spain: A Gender Analysis

abstract:
  A relentless stream of social, technological, and economic changes have impacted the workplace, affecting young people in particular. Such changes can be a major source of stress and can cause a threat to health and well-being. The aim of this paper is to understand the importance of work-related events and changes in the psychological distress and life satisfaction of young workers in Spain. A transversal study was carried out on a sample comprising 509 men and 396 women aged between 26 and 35 years old. The results showed that there were no differences between the men and women in the number of work-related events and changes experienced in the last 12 months, nor in terms of job satisfaction. The results from the multiple regression analysis showed that a greater number of work-related events and changes experienced during the last 12 months were associated with increased psychological distress and reduced life satisfaction amongst men, but this was not the case for women. Although job satisfaction was independent from the men and women’s psychological distress when self-esteem and social support was included in the regression equation, greater job satisfaction was associated with greater life satisfaction for both men and women. It concludes that work-related events and job satisfaction are important for the health and well-being of young people, even though a larger number of work-related events and changes is associated with increased psychological distress and reduced life satisfaction for men only.


id: cord-309892-z7rb7adi
author: TRAYLOR, Claire S.
date: 2020-09-24
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S258993332030197X
doi: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100229
title:
  Effects of psychological stress on adverse pregnancy outcomes and non-pharmacologic approaches for reduction: an expert review

abstract:
  Both acute and chronic stress can cause allostatic overload, or long-term imbalance in mediators of homeostasis, that results in disruptions in the maternal-placental-fetal endocrine and immune system responses. During pregnancy, disruptions in homeostasis may increase the likelihood of preterm birth and pre-eclampsia. Expectant mothers traditionally have high rates of anxiety and depressive disorders and many are susceptible to a variety of stressors during pregnancy. These common life stressors include financial concerns and relationship challenges and may be exacerbated by the biologic, social and psychologic changes occurring during pregnancy. In addition, external stressors such as major weather events (e.g., hurricanes, tornados, floods) and other global phenomena (e.g., the COVID-19 pandemic) may contribute to significant stress during pregnancy. This review investigates recent literature published about the use of non-pharmacologic modalities for stress relief in pregnancy and examines the interplay between psychiatric diagnoses and stressors, with the purpose of evaluating the feasibility of implementing non-pharmacologic interventions as sole therapies or in conjunction with psychotherapy or psychiatric medication therapy. Further, the effectiveness of each non-pharamacologic therapy in reducing symptoms of maternal stress is reviewed. Mindfulness meditation and biofeedback have shown effectiveness in improving one’s mental health such as depressive symptoms and anxiety. Exercise, including yoga, may improve both depressive symptoms and birth outcomes. Expressive writing has successfully been applied post-partum and in response to pregnancy challenges. Though some of these non-pharmacologic interventions can be convenient and low cost, there is a trend towards inconsistent implementation of these modalities. Future investigations should focus on methods to increase ease of uptake , ensure each option is available at home, and a standardized way to evaluate whether combinations of different interventions may provide added benefit.


id: cord-310365-mb6y20jf
title: Abortion at the edges: Politics, practices, performances
author: Baird, Barbara
date: 2020-04-28
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S027753952030100X
doi: 10.1016/j.wsif.2020.102372
abstract:
  Abstract This article provides a brief overview of the state of discourse, politics and provision of abortion in the Anglophone West, including developments in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. It then surveys three promising directions for feminist abortion scholarship. The first is work inspired by the Reproductive Justice Movement, that points to the intersectional axes of inequality that shape abortion discourse and position us in relation to reproductive choice and access issues. The second is work that examines the particularity of the constitution of the aborting body, reflecting the particularity of the pregnant body. This is a specific body, with a specific history; abortion discourse draws from and makes a significant contribution to the meaning and lived experience of this body. The third area of scholarship we highlight is that which seeks to amplify the meaning of abortion as a social good. Much abortion scholarship is attuned to a critique of negative aspects of abortion—from its representation in popular culture to restrictive law and access issues. This is critical work but/and the performative nature of abortion scholarship, like all discourse, means that it can amplify the association of negativity with abortion. The article concludes by introducing the articles contained in the special section of Women's Studies International Forum, ‘Abortion at the edges: Politics, practices, performances’.


id: cord-311918-gifwg2ho
author: BENDER, Whitney R.
date: 2020-09-11
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100226
doi: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100226
title:
  Universal Testing for SARS-CoV-2 in Two Philadelphia Hospitals: Carrier Prevalence and Symptom Development Over Two Weeks

abstract:
  Background The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has challenged obstetric care providers. Universal testing on labor and delivery units has been implemented by many hospitals to ensure patient and staff safety. Asymptomatic carrier rates are expected to vary based on geographic differences in disease prevalence, although differences within the same city have not previously been reported. Additionally, clinical follow-up of women testing negative for SARS-CoV-2 during obstetric hospitalization have not been included in any prior reports. Objectives To describe the prevalence of positive SARS-CoV-2 tests among asymptomatic pregnant women at two Philadelphia obstetric hospitals, characterize the clinical course of those testing positive, and report symptom development among all women tested in the two weeks post-hospitalization. Study Design This is an observational study of asymptomatic pregnant women who underwent SARS-CoV-2 testing at two academic health centers (HUP and PAH) in Philadelphia, PA between April 13, 2020 and April 26, 2020. All women tested were contacted via telephone for symptom follow-up at one and two weeks post-discharge. Asymptomatic positive test rates are reported for the overall population and by hospital. The hospital and two-week post-hospital course are described for women testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. Post-hospital symptom development among women testing negative for SARS-CoV-2 is also described. Results Three hundred and eighteen asymptomatic women underwent SARS-CoV-2 testing during this two-week period. Eight women tested positive. The overall asymptomatic test positive rate was 2.5%. The rate at HUP was 3.8% compared to 1.3% at PAH (p = 0.283). Three women (37.5%) who were initially asymptomatic developed mild symptoms in the two weeks after positive test. Repeat SARS-CoV-2 testing was performed in 14 of the 310 women (4.5%) who initially tested negative; two women (0.6%) were positive on repeat testing. 242 (78.1%) and 213 (68.7%) of the 310 women who were SARS-CoV-2 negative at time of initial hospitalization were reached for telephone follow-up at one and two weeks post-admission, respectively. Viral symptoms, including fevers, chills, shortness of breath, or cough, were self-reported in 4.5% and 4.2% of these women at one and two weeks post-discharge, respectively. Conclusions The asymptomatic positive SARS-CoV-2 test rate among an obstetric population in Philadelphia differed between two hospitals and was lower than described in other geographic regions. This supports the importance of institution-specific testing protocols. The development of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection post-hospitalization among women with initial negative testing is uncommon.


id: cord-318211-hhp84ygq
title: Pregnancy-Related Complications in Women with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Prospective Cohort Study
author: Ticconi, Carlo
date: 2020-09-01
txt: ./txt/cord-318211-hhp84ygq.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-318211-hhp84ygq.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32882985/
doi: 10.3390/jcm9092833
summary:
  The aim of this prospective cohort study was to determine whether women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) have an increased risk of pregnancy complications compared to normal pregnant women. This observation suggests that the number of miscarriages-a likely indicator of the gravity of the condition-is a major determinant of the reproductive success of women with RPL; in fact, it has been reported that the live birth rates in the successive pregnancy in women with two consecutive losses is around 75% [4, 5] . This prospective, observational, study has been carried out to investigate the occurrence rates of major gestational complications in a cohort of women with RPL compared to normal healthy women without RPL followed during their first subsequent pregnancy after referral.

abstract:
  The aim of this prospective cohort study was to determine whether women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) have an increased risk of pregnancy complications compared to normal pregnant women. A total of 1092 singleton pregnancies were followed, 431 in women with RPL and 661 in normal healthy women. The prevalence of the following complications was observed: threatened miscarriage, miscarriage, cervical insufficiency, chromosomal/genetic abnormalities, fetal anomalies, oligohydramnios, polyhydramnios, fetal growth restriction, intrauterine fetal death, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preeclampsia, placenta previa, abruptio placentae, pregnancy-related liver disorders, and preterm premature rupture of the membranes. The odds ratio and 95% CI for each pregnancy complication considered were determined by comparing women with RPL and normal healthy women. Women with RPL had an overall rate of pregnancy complications higher than normal women (OR = 4.37; 95% CI: 3.353–5.714; p < 0.0001). Their risk was increased for nearly all the conditions considered. They also had an increased risk of multiple concomitant pregnancy complications (OR = 4.64; 95% CI: 3.10–6.94, p < 0.0001). Considering only women with RPL, women with ≥3 losses had a higher risk of pregnancy complications than women with two losses (OR = 1.269; 95% CI: 1.112–2.386, p < 0.02). No differences were found in the overall risk of pregnancy complications according to the type, explained or unexplained, of RPL. Women with secondary RPL had an increased risk of GDM than women with primary RPL. Pregnancy in women with RPL should be considered at high risk.


id: cord-318378-omsc9a8k
title: Pregnancy with Covid‐19: Management considerations for care of severe and critically ill cases
author: Chen, Lian
date: 2020-07-04
txt: ./txt/cord-318378-omsc9a8k.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-318378-omsc9a8k.txt
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mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32623810/
doi: 10.1111/aji.13299
summary:
  7 Gestational weeks of infection, the maturity of the fetus, disease severity and postpartum exacerbation make the management of severe and critically ill cases of pregnant women with Covid-19 more difficult. 14 In a recently published article from New York City, 15 Breslin et al reported that among 43 pregnant women confirmed with Covid-19, the estimated rate of severe maternal disease approximated that of the non-pregnant population at 9.3%. Another report from Iran 17 still described 9 critically ill patients infected with Covid-19, of which 7 cases of maternal deaths and 4 cases of pregnancy loss (stillbirth or neonatal death). Based on the above limited reports, we learned that for some severe cases, after the onset of disease, they may progress to require mechanical ventilation and intensive care, even result in maternal death within a very short time (1 to 2 weeks).

abstract:
  Pregnant women are a potentially highly vulnerable population due to anatomical, physiological and immunological changes under the Covid‐19 pandemic. Issues related to pregnancy with Covid‐19 attracted widespread attention from researchers. A large number of articles were published aiming to elaborate clinical characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women infected with Covid‐19, in order to provide evidence for management. The existing data suggest that the overall prognosis of pregnancy with Covid‐19 is promising when compared with that of other previous coronaviruses. There is still maternal morbidity and mortality related to Covid‐19 reported. However, the optimal management of severe and critically ill cases of Covid‐19‐infected‐pregnancy is poorly clarified. The possibility of postpartum exacerbation in pregnancy with Covid‐19 is also worthy of attention for obstetricians. This review makes further elaboration of the above issues.


id: cord-319580-awtp0mpg
title: Obesity as a contributor to immunopathology in pregnant and non‐pregnant adults with COVID‐19
author: McCartney, Stephen A.
date: 2020-08-11
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32779790/
doi: 10.1111/aji.13320
abstract:
  The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has led to a global public health emergency with the need to identify vulnerable populations who may benefit from increased screening and healthcare resources. Initial data suggests that overall, pregnancy is not a significant risk factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). However, case series have suggested that maternal obesity is one of the most important co‐morbidities associated with more severe disease. In obese individuals, suppressors of cytokine signaling are upregulated and type I and III interferon responses are delayed and blunted leading to ineffective viral clearance. Obesity is also associated with changes in systemic immunity involving a wide range of immune cells and mechanisms that lead to low‐grade chronic inflammation, which can compromise antiviral immunity. Macrophage activation in adipose tissue can produce low levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6). Further, adipocyte secretion of leptin is pro‐inflammatory and high circulating levels of leptin have been associated with mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. The synergistic effects of obesity‐associated delays in immune control of COVID‐19 with mechanical stress of increased adipose tissue may contribute to a greater risk of pulmonary compromise in obese pregnant women. In this review, we bring together data regarding obesity as a key co‐morbidity for COVID‐19 in pregnancy with known changes in the antiviral immune response associated with obesity. We also describe how the global burden of obesity among reproductive age women has serious public health implications for COVID‐19.


id: cord-322299-24uqpro6
title: Gender, Judicatory Respect and Pastors’ Well-Being in Closing Churches
author: Cafferata, Gail
date: 2020-05-23
txt: ./txt/cord-322299-24uqpro6.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-322299-24uqpro6.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836472/
doi: 10.1007/s13644-020-00414-1
summary:
  This study of over 130 clergy in five old-line Protestant denominations (Episcopal, Lutheran, United Methodist, Presbyterian and UCC) who dissolved their congregations examines the relationships of gender, judicatory respect and pastors'' well-being in their experience of closing a church and vocational transition afterwards; respondents completed a written survey and most also participated in in-depth interviews. Although earlier research has documented a gender gap among clergy in compensation, full-time placements, attainment of higher-level leadership positions, and acceptance of their leadership, we still do not understand whether access to judicatory, as well as congregational support, differs among men and women pastors serving congregations that eventually close (Zikmund et al. This study therefore expects women pastors may be more likely than men to be disappointed when denominational colleagues and superiors fail to respect their dignity by not accepting their identity, including them as much as their male colleagues in professional work, being fair, understanding them, recognizing them, or, in other words, when judicatories fail to exercise inclusive, transformational leadership.

abstract:
  This study of over 130 clergy in five old-line Protestant denominations (Episcopal, Lutheran, United Methodist, Presbyterian and UCC) who dissolved their congregations examines the relationships of gender, judicatory respect and pastors’ well-being in their experience of closing a church and vocational transition afterwards; respondents completed a written survey and most also participated in in-depth interviews. Survey results show significant gender differences in the experience of respect from and satisfaction with relationships with the middle administrative part of the wider church called here the judicatory (e.g., synod, conference, diocese or presbytery), and with the experience of stress after their churches closed. Women clergy experienced greater loneliness and isolation, financial strain and thinking that closure affected their job search; their job search was also significantly longer than that of men. Respectful judicatory relationships are negatively related to many but not all vocational stresses. Comparisons with the experience of secular professionals suggest the stigma of closing a church adversely affects women clergy’s vocational journey more than men’s. The paper closes with implications for judicatory support of clergy leading churches to closure.


id: cord-325669-6kjlcakt
author: Fogacci, Silvia
date: 2020-09-10
txt: ./txt/cord-325669-6kjlcakt.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-325669-6kjlcakt.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaa105
doi: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaa105
summary:
  The purpose of the current review is to highlight the safety of drug treatment for COVID -19 in pregnant women treated with anti-hypertensive medications. In accordance with the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines for the management of CV diseases during pregnancy, 100-150 mg/day acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) should be recommended to pregnant women with a high or moderate risk to develop pre-eclampsia (class I; level of evidence A) [17] . In accordance with the American Heart Association (AHA) recommendations [25] , methyldopa should only be prescribed in cases of severe hypertension during pregnancy, considering potential maternal and fetal side effects (class I; level of evidence A). In accordance with the latest ESC guidelines for the management of CV disease during the COVID-19 pandemic, drug-drug interactions should be considered before administering azithromycin in patients treated with LMWH [37] , despite possible beneficial effects by azithromycin in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 [48] .

title:
  Management of pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders in patients infected with SARS CoV-2: pharmacological and clinical issues

abstract:
  AIMS: Coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) continues to spread throughout the world. It is known that among patients with hypertension, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, or cardiovascular diseases, COVID-19 is associated with greater morbidity and mortality compared with patients without these conditions. This correlation is of great importance in pregnant women affected by COVID-19, since it usually leads to the development of a serious clinical complication. In particular, managing hypertensive disorders in pregnancy can be problematic because antihypertensive medications may interact pharmacologically with drugs used to treat COVID-19. This review focuses on the safety of drug treatment for COVID-19 in pregnant women treated with antihypertensive medication. METHODS AND RESULTS: Several databases were searched to identify relevant literature. A few antihypertensive drugs and antithrombotic treatments are known for having a beneficial effect in the management of hypertension and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. In this review, we focus on the expected drug–drug interactions with the experimental agents most often used to treat COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: The current indications for the management of hypertension-related disorders in pregnancy maintain their validity, while the risk of pharmacological interaction with the currently tested anti-SARS-CoV-2 medications is relatively low.


id: cord-328071-ulj2gtn3
author: Sattari, Mahtab
date: 2020-08-17
url: https://doi.org/10.34172/jrhs.2020.22
doi: 10.34172/jrhs.2020.22
title:
  Evaluating Clinical Course and Risk Factors of Infection and Demographic Characteristics of Pregnant Women with COVID-19 in Hamadan Province, West of Iran

abstract:
  Background: COVID-19 is a new viral disease with a rapid outbreak. Pregnant women are at a higher risk of contracting viral infections including COVID-19. We aimed to evaluate the clinical course and risk factors of pregnant women diagnosed with COVID 19 in Hamadan Province, west of Iran. Study design: A retrospective cohort study. Methods: The convenience sampling was performed using 50 papers and electronic files of pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19 according to the WHO’s temporary guidelines. They were hospitalized in health centers and clinics of Hamadan Province. The data-collecting tool employed was a researcher-made questionnaire. The data were analyzed via SPSS software version 19. Results: The mean age of pregnant women with COVID 19 was estimated to be 29.20 ± 5.8 yr and their average gestational age estimated to be 28.8 ± 8.20 weeks. About 32% of them had an underlying disease, 32% a history of influenza, and 40% recently traveled to infected areas. The most common findings were CT scans and multiple mottling and ground-glass opacity chest radiology. The most common symptoms were fever, cough, and shortness of breath. About 8% of the women required ICU hospitalization and the average length of hospital stay was 4.04 ± 2.38 and 29% had premature births. Moreover, 28% of infected mothers had a normal delivery and 20% had a cesarean section. Conclusion: Early diagnosis of Covid-19 disease is essential in pregnant women. Because there is a possibility of worsening complications in the mother and fetus.


id: cord-329964-reoa8kcw
author: Botreau, Hélène
date: 2020-09-30
txt: ./txt/cord-329964-reoa8kcw.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-329964-reoa8kcw.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2452263520300033
doi: 10.1016/bs.af2s.2020.09.001
summary:
  This chapter will proceed as follows: • Reflecting on how the existing challenges faced by women smallholder farmers were exacerbated by the structural causes of the food price crisis; • Examining major policy responses from governments and the private sector and analyzing their effectiveness in addressing the structural causes of the crisis; • Setting out the lessons learned from the major failures of this policy response; • Identifying key challenges and gaps in financial aid to women smallholder farmers and, more specifically, looking at the level of official development assistance (ODA) targeted to them since 2008; and • Providing policy recommendations to address all of these issues. 3.2.1.4.5 Growing role for multinational enterprise Since the food price crisis, global policy has given more space to the private sector: for instance, the G8 launched its New Alliance for Food Security and Nutrition in Africa in May 2012, with a goal of "unleashing the potential of the private sector." Developing country governments, bilateral and multilateral aid agencies, and multinational firms have all joined in promoting private investment in agriculture in the Global South.

title:
  Gender inequality and food insecurity: A dozen years after the food price crisis, rural women still bear the brunt of poverty and hunger

abstract:
  The global food price crisis of 2007–08 had devastating impacts for the world's poorest people, especially for smallholder farmers and in particular for women, who face discrimination and a heavy burden of household responsibility. The international policy response to the crisis saw the launch of numerous new initiatives and instruments, but funding has been insufficient and policies have failed to address the structural deficiencies in the global food system. A dozen years on, in light of climate change and increased conflict, new policies are needed to reorient the food system so that it prioritizes smallholder communities, with a renewed focus on the needs and aspirations of women.


id: cord-332051-yw5zlucc
title: Perceived risk and protective behaviors regarding COVID-19 among Iranian pregnant women
author: Aghababaei, Soodabeh
date: 2020-09-18
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32963467/
doi: 10.1186/s43043-020-00038-z
abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Despite the vulnerability of pregnant women, few studies have been conducted on their perceived risk and protective behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present cross-sectional study aims to investigate the perceived risk and protective behaviors regarding COVID-19 among pregnant women, in Hamadan, Iran. Using a two-stage cluster sampling method, 225 pregnant women referring to the health centers completed the questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman correlation tests as well as a stepwise linear regression model at 95% confidence level. RESULTS: 93.8% of pregnant women had a high level of knowledge, 97.3% had a high performance in protective behaviors, and 72.9% had a moderate level of risk perception related to COVID-19. The highest mean score of knowledge was observed in women who had a history of influenza in their previous pregnancies (90.97 ± 5.94). The mean score of protective behaviors was significantly higher in women with a high economic level (97.78 ± 5.11), and the highest level of risk perception was observed in nulliparous women (59.97 ± 9.80). Risk perception was an independent predictor of protective behaviors related to COVID-19 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Pregnant women had a high level of knowledge, high performance in protective behaviors, and a moderate level of risk perception related to COVID-19. History of influenza in previous pregnancies, high economic level, and nulliparity were associated with higher levels of knowledge, protective behaviors, and risk perception, respectively. Risk perception of pregnant women regarding COVID-19 can predict their protective behaviors.


id: cord-332099-d50iu975
title: The COVID-19 Pandemic and Ethics in Mexico Through a Gender Lens
author: Manrique De Lara, Amaranta
date: 2020-08-25
txt: ./txt/cord-332099-d50iu975.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-332099-d50iu975.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32840852/
doi: 10.1007/s11673-020-10029-4
summary:
  Research across all disciplines to face—and to learn from—this crisis should be done through a gender lens, because understanding the realities of women is essential to understand the pandemic''s true effects in Mexico and the world. And in this unprecedented situation, girls and women in Mexico find themselves caught between a rock and a hard place of two public health crises-the pandemic and gender-based violence-in a country where misogyny seems part of our cultural heritage (Htun and Jensenius forthcoming) . During this pandemic, a lot of significant ethical and social issues have been raised, such as: the extent of restrictive measures, the reciprocal duties to healthcare workers, the allocation of scarce resources, and the need for research (Palacios-González 2020). The topics we have discussed about women''s access to health, justice, and a life free of violence must be fundamental issues in any and every plan to face this pandemic.

abstract:
  In Mexico, significant ethical and social issues have been raised by the COVID-19 pandemic. Some of the most pressing issues are the extent of restrictive measures, the reciprocal duties to healthcare workers, the allocation of scarce resources, and the need for research. While policy and ethical frameworks are being developed to face these problems, the gender perspective has been largely overlooked in most of the issues at stake. Domestic violence is the most prevalent form of violence against women, which can be exacerbated during a pandemic: stress and economic uncertainty are triggers for abuse, and confinement limits access to support networks. Confinement also exacerbates the unfair distribution of unpaid labor, which is disproportionately assigned to women and girls, and highlights inequality in the overall labor market. Lack of security measures has resulted in attacks towards health workers, particularly female nurses, due to fear of contamination. Finally, resource results in lack of access to other health necessities, including sexual and reproductive health services. Research across all disciplines to face—and to learn from—this crisis should be done through a gender lens, because understanding the realities of women is essential to understand the pandemic’s true effects in Mexico and the world.


id: cord-332559-2r2gavbq
author: Kajdy, Anna
date: 2020-07-24
url: https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000021279
doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000021279
title:
  Risk factors for anxiety and depression among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic: A web-based cross-sectional survey

abstract:
  INTRODUCTION: The article presents a protocol of a cross-sectional study of mental health of pregnant women in relation to the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. The primary aim is to compare differences in anxiety and depression scores of pregnant women between countries affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The secondary aim is to assess demographic, economic, and social aspects affecting maternal anxiety and depression scores among pregnant women worldwide in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, we will be able to compare differences in perception of the different aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic (social distancing, restrictions related to delivery) between countries and according to the epidemic status (number of infected patients, number of reported deaths). The comparisons will also be done according to the COVID-19 status of the participants. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: It is a web-based anonymous survey of pregnant women living in countries affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey is comprised of 3 sections: 1).. Questions related to general demography, pregnancy health history, mental health history, socioeconomic factors, as well as perception of fear, burden and restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic; 2).. General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire for anxiety assessment and; 3).. Patient Health Questionnaire–9 (PHQ-9) for depression assessment. Web-based recruitment for health research has proven to be cost-effective and efficient. At current times with the COVID-19 pandemic, limited resources and social distancing restrictions, performing a mental health study involving pregnant women on a large international scale cannot be safely conducted without involving social-media. The fears of pregnant women fall into 3 categories: the medical condition, the economic status and the organization of daily activity. The study has received approval of the medical ethics committee and has been registered on Clinicaltrials.gov. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and made public through all available media.


id: cord-335019-esttc16z
title: A snapshot of the Covid-19 pandemic among pregnant women in France
author: Kayem, Gilles
date: 2020-06-04
txt: ./txt/cord-335019-esttc16z.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-335019-esttc16z.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468784720301707?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2020.101826
summary:
  OBJECTIVE: To describe the course over time of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in French women from the beginning of the pandemic until mid-April, the risk profile of women with respiratory complications, and short-term pregnancy outcomes. Our main objectives were to describe the course over time of SARS-CoV-2 infection in French pregnant women, the clinical profile and risk factors for women with maternal respiratory complications, and short-term pregnancy outcomes. Aggregated data, extracted from medical files by local physicians, from all diagnosed cases of COVID-19 in pregnant women in these hospitals (for prenatal care, illness, or delivery) from March 1 to April 14 were merged and analyzed to provide a snapshot of the pandemic''s consequences in this population. We then report maternal characteristics and maternal, pregnancy, and neonatal outcomes according to the severity of the respiratory disease, categorized in 3 exclusive groups: non-severe (no respiratory support), requiring oxygen (nasal oxygen therapy or noninvasive ventilation), or critical (invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ECMO).

abstract:
  OBJECTIVE: To describe the course over time of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in French women from the beginning of the pandemic until mid-April, the risk profile of women with respiratory complications, and short-term pregnancy outcomes. METHODS: We collected a case series of pregnant women with COVID-19 in a research network of 33 French maternity units between March 1 and April 14, 2020. All cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by a positive result on real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction tests of a nasal sample and/or diagnosed by a computed tomography chest scan were included and analyzed. The primary outcome measures were COVID-19 requiring oxygen (oxygen therapy or noninvasive ventilation) and critical COVID-19 (requiring invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ECMO). Demographic data, baseline comorbidities, and pregnancy outcomes were also collected. RESULTS: Active cases of COVID-19 increased exponentially during March 1-31, 2020; the numbers fell during April 1-14, after lockdown was imposed on March 17. The shape of the curve of active critical COVID-19 mirrored that of all active cases. By April 14, among the 617 pregnant women with COVID-19, 93 women (15.1%; 95%CI 12.3-18.1) had required oxygen therapy and 35 others (5.7%; 95%CI 4.0-7.8) had had a critical form of COVID-19. The severity of the disease was associated with age older than 35 years and obesity, as well as preexisting diabetes, previous preeclampsia, and gestational hypertension or preeclampsia. One woman with critical COVID-19 died (0.2%; 95%CI 0-0.9). Among the women who gave birth, rates of preterm birth in women with non-severe, oxygen-requiring, and critical COVID-19 were 13/123 (10.6%), 14/29 (48.3%), and 23/29 (79.3%) before 37 weeks and 3/123 (2.4%), 4/29 (13.8%), and 14/29 (48.3%) before 32 weeks, respectively. One neonate in the critical group died from prematurity. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 can be responsible for significant rates of severe acute, potentially deadly, respiratory distress syndromes. The most vulnerable pregnant women, those with comorbidities, may benefit particularly from prevention measures such as a lockdown.


id: cord-335723-7wefotwe
author: Johann, Alexandra
date: 2020-10-09
txt: ./txt/cord-335723-7wefotwe.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-335723-7wefotwe.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33036563/
doi: 10.1186/s12884-020-03280-5
summary:
  Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate numerous health-related markers to obtain greater insight into which biopsychosocial profiles render women more vulnerable to PPD or facilitate a healthy transition from pregnancy to postpartum. The present study proposes an integrative etiopathological model with distinct trajectories including (epi-) genetic vulnerability, chronic stress or adverse life events, which result in a potential dysregulation of the HPA and HPG axis and their counter-regulation and render some women more sensitive to the fluctuations of sex steroids throughout pregnancy and the postpartum period. The present study aims to provide further insight into the etiopathological mechanisms that render some women more vulnerable to mood disturbances and anxiety throughout pregnancy and the postpartum period.

title:
  The study protocol: Neuroendocrinology and (epi-) genetics of female reproductive transition phase mood disorder - an observational, longitudinal study from pregnancy to postpartum

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Postpartum depression is considered to be one of the most common health threats during pregnancy and postpartum, affecting not only the woman herself but also the offspring and the whole family system. Evidence for a conclusive etiopathological model with distinct risk and resilience factors is still broadly lacking. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate numerous health-related markers to obtain greater insight into which biopsychosocial profiles render women more vulnerable to PPD or facilitate a healthy transition from pregnancy to postpartum. METHODS: The observational, longitudinal study aims to include a total of 288 physically healthy women, aged 20–45 years. A multitude of relevant parameters, of an (epi-) genetic, endocrinological, physiological and psychological nature, will be assessed over a period of 5 months, following the participants from the 3rd trimester until three months postpartum. DISCUSSION: The ultimate goal of the present study is to ameliorate mental health care during pregnancy and postpartum, by gaining a better understanding of the underlying biopsychosocial mechanisms that women undergo during the transition from pregnancy to postpartum.


id: cord-336083-2tt9053k
title: Gendering COVID-19: Impact of the Pandemic on Women’s Burden of Unpaid Work in India
author: Chauhan, Priyanshi
date: 2020-10-24
txt: ./txt/cord-336083-2tt9053k.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-336083-2tt9053k.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12147-020-09269-w
doi: 10.1007/s12147-020-09269-w
summary:
  Owing to the sexual division of labour, and gendered roles and social norms of performing domestic and care work in a household, the burden of unpaid work falls disproportionately on women. With the closure of offices and educational institutions, and the simultaneously emerging norm of work from home and online education, along with the lack of services of domestic workers, the need to perform unpaid chores like cooking, cleaning, washing, child care among others by household members has increased [3] . Furthermore, the paper will study the gendered impact of lockdown on unpaid labour of women on various parameters like marital status, employment status, income levels and average weekly office hours. For interviews, a sub-sample from stage one was taken based on the characteristics like marital status, employment status, use of services of domestic help, and the responses received on change in time spent on unpaid chores during the lockdown.

abstract:
  The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the already existing gender inequalities with substantial implications on women. With the closure of offices and educational institutions, and the emerging norm of work from home and online education, along with the lack of services of domestic worker, the need to perform unpaid chores in the household has increased. Simultaneously, the requirements of social distancing and sanitization have created new unpaid chores. Owing to the sexual division of labour, and gendered roles and social norms of performing domestic and care work, the burden of unpaid work falls disproportionately on women. In this context, the objective of the paper is to study the impact of COVID-19 on time spent on unpaid work and the underlying gender differences in the urban centres in India. Specifically, the paper will do a comparative analysis of the gender differences in time spent on unpaid work before and during the lockdown, and analyse the reasons for the same.


id: cord-338282-q2g1vw3y
title: The impact of socioeconomic position (SEP) on women''s health over the lifetime
author: O’Neil, Adrienne
date: 2020-06-05
txt: ./txt/cord-338282-q2g1vw3y.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-338282-q2g1vw3y.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32972629/
doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.06.001
summary:
  We then use examples from each stage of the life course to demonstrate how SEP can differentially shape girls'' and women''s health outcomes compared with boys'' and men''s, as well as between sub-groups of girls and women when other axes of inequalities are considered, including ethnicity, race and residential setting. We first describe SDoH theory and then use examples from each life course stage to demonstrate how SEP can differentially shape girls''/women''s health outcomes compared to boys''/men''s. Using keywords including "gender", "sex", "women", "girls", "social gradient", "socioeconomic status", "education", and "health", we searched PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL and EMBASE databases to identify articles published after the year 1990. The period from adolescence to young adulthood sees a transition from parental level SEP affecting an individual''s health to their own educational status shaping access to socioeconomic resource (e.g. higher income, stable employment) that protect against both the onset and consequences of ill health.

abstract:
  The “social gradient of health” refers to the steep inverse associations between socioeconomic position (SEP) and the risk of premature mortality and morbidity. In many societies, due to cultural and structural factors, women and girls have reduced access to the socioeconomic resources that ensure good health and wellbeing when compared with their male counterparts. Thus, the objective of this paper is to review how SEP - a construct at the heart of the Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) theory - shapes the health and longevity of women and girls at all stages of the lifespan. Using literature identified from PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL and EMBASE databases, we first describe the SDoH theory. We then use examples from each stage of the life course to demonstrate how SEP can differentially shape girls’ and women’s health outcomes compared with boys’ and men’s, as well as between sub-groups of girls and women when other axes of inequalities are considered, including ethnicity, race and residential setting. We also explore the key consideration of whether conventional SEP markers are appropriate for understanding the social determinants of women’s health. We conclude by making key recommendations in the context of clinical, research and policy development.


id: cord-342739-iy9vjpuh
author: Schwartz, David A.
date: 2020-02-10
txt: ./txt/cord-342739-iy9vjpuh.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-342739-iy9vjpuh.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/v12020194
doi: 10.3390/v12020194
summary:
  In order to assess the potential of the Wuhan 2019-nCoV to cause maternal, fetal and neonatal morbidity and other poor obstetrical outcomes, this communication reviews the published data addressing the epidemiological and clinical effects of SARS, MERS, and other coronavirus infections on pregnant women and their infants. The most common adverse obstetrical outcomes associated with maternal pneumonias from all causes include This newly recognized coronavirus, producing a disease that has been termed COVID-19, is rapidly spreading throughout China, has crossed international borders to infect persons in neighboring countries, and humans infected by the virus are travelling via commercial airlines to other continents. Pregnant women may develop severe disease and fatal maternal and/or fetal outcomes as a result of MERS-CoV infection; however, little is known of the pathophysiology of this infection during pregnancy.

title:
  Potential Maternal and Infant Outcomes from Coronavirus 2019-nCoV (SARS-CoV-2) Infecting Pregnant Women: Lessons from SARS, MERS, and Other Human Coronavirus Infections

abstract:
  In early December 2019 a cluster of cases of pneumonia of unknown cause was identified in Wuhan, a city of 11 million persons in the People’s Republic of China. Further investigation revealed these cases to result from infection with a newly identified coronavirus, initially termed 2019-nCoV and subsequently SARS-CoV-2. The infection moved rapidly through China, spread to Thailand and Japan, extended into adjacent countries through infected persons travelling by air, eventually reaching multiple countries and continents. Similar to such other coronaviruses as those causing the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), the new coronavirus was reported to spread via natural aerosols from human-to-human. In the early stages of this epidemic the case fatality rate is estimated to be approximately 2%, with the majority of deaths occurring in special populations. Unfortunately, there is limited experience with coronavirus infections during pregnancy, and it now appears certain that pregnant women have become infected during the present 2019-nCoV epidemic. In order to assess the potential of the Wuhan 2019-nCoV to cause maternal, fetal and neonatal morbidity and other poor obstetrical outcomes, this communication reviews the published data addressing the epidemiological and clinical effects of SARS, MERS, and other coronavirus infections on pregnant women and their infants. Recommendations are also made for the consideration of pregnant women in the design, clinical trials, and implementation of future 2019-nCoV vaccines.


id: cord-343305-vqurc1pj
title: Women in Neuroscience: A Short Time Travel
author: Metitieri, Tiziana
date: 2020-07-01
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780128196410000074
doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819641-0.00007-4
abstract:
  About half of graduate and postgraduate students and one-third of faculty in the field of neuroscience are women. The proportion of women neuroscientists tend to decrease as they progress through the career ladder. Their responsibilities and their opportunities to secure research funding also tend to be lower compared to men, as in most scientific disciplines and professions. The multiple factors contributing to the under-representation of women in higher-level roles have historical, social, and cultural roots. A process of forgetfulness of pioneer women from the last century prevented the field from having role models in which upcoming generations of women neuroscientists could have identified. Maria Manasseina, Cécile Vogt, Augusta Dejerine Klumpke are only some early pioneers who have recently been rediscovered. The available data show that the profiles of women neuroscientists are overlooked and their remarkable findings receive less recognition. Conscious and unconscious gender biases also affect the evaluation and recruitment process. The presence of cultural and institutional barriers continues to hinder equal opportunities in all aspects of the scientific and academic career. The initiatives launched so far to increase awareness of such barriers and diversity in the workplace have produced a slight improvement but further action should be taken and supported to improve the condition of women in neuroscience.


id: cord-343684-z63qn66b
title: Are we equal in adversity? Does Covid-19 affect women and men differently?
author: Serge, Rozenberg
date: 2020-05-15
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.05.009
doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.05.009
abstract:
  BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: This article examines whether women are less prone than men to Covid-19 infections and their complications. DATA SOURCES: We reviewed available databases and searched systematically for publications. To be taken into account, data had to be broken down by gender. There was no study evaluation nor quantification synthesis, due to the large heterogeneity of the studies. Nineteen databases were selected. 73 publications were considered and 33 were selected, to which 12 more were added. RESULTS: Globally, the proportion of men and women who tested positive is comparable. However, men are about 60% more likely to be severely ill or to die from the complications of Covid-19 than are women. LIMITATIONS: The study was hampered by a large heterogeneity in testing and reporting of the data. CONCLUSIONS: Although in the pandemic men die more frequently than women from Covid-19, it is not clear whether this is due to biological differences between men and women, differences in behavioral habits, or differences in the rates of co-morbidities. IMPLICATIONS OF KEY FINDINGS: Countries and studies should report their data by age, gender and co-morbidities. This may have implications in terms of vaccination strategies, the choice of treatments and future consequences for long-term health issues concerning gender equality.


id: cord-343897-f4imrltt
title: Neuromuscular disorders in pregnancy
author: Weimer, Louis H.
date: 2020-08-04
txt: ./txt/cord-343897-f4imrltt.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-343897-f4imrltt.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978044464240000012X
doi: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64240-0.00012-x
summary:
  Disorders include carpal tunnel syndrome and other focal neuropathies, Bell palsy, myasthenia gravis, and other neuromuscular junction disorders, acute and chronic inflammatory neuropathy, hereditary and acquired muscle diseases, spinal muscular atrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, channelopathies, autonomic neuropathy, and dysautonomia. In one patient-reported symptom-based study, a male fetus and prior back pain were positive risk factors but prior pregnancy was not. One study found further evidence that facial neuropathy is more severe in pregnancy-associated cases despite corticosteroid treatment (Phillips et al., 2017) . A large Italian series reviewed plasmapheresis complications of 936 procedures during 57 pregnancies; treatment indications were various and included some for myasthenia gravis (MG). Pregnancy-induced disease severity alterations and treatment adjustments are important clinical considerations; a multidisciplinary medical approach that includes an obstetrician and neurologist is best (Norwood et al., 2014 15% of mildly affected patients became relatively severe.

abstract:
  Many neuromuscular disorders preexist or occur during pregnancy. In some cases, pregnancy unmasks a latent hereditary disorder. Most available information is based on case reports or series or retrospective clinical experience or patient surveys. Of special interest are pregnancy-induced changes in disease course or severity and likelihood for baseline recovery of function postpartum. Labor and delivery present special challenges in many conditions that affect skeletal but not smooth (uterine) muscle; so labor complications must be anticipated. Anesthesia for cesarean section surgery requires special precautions in many disorders. The types of conditions reviewed are broad and include examples of autoimmune, hereditary, and compressive/mechanical processes. Disorders include carpal tunnel syndrome and other focal neuropathies, Bell palsy, myasthenia gravis, and other neuromuscular junction disorders, acute and chronic inflammatory neuropathy, hereditary and acquired muscle diseases, spinal muscular atrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, channelopathies, autonomic neuropathy, and dysautonomia. Many commonly used therapies have fetal animal but no proven human toxicity concerns, complicating treatment and risk decisions. Weaning off effective therapeutic agents or preemptive aggressive treatment or surgery prior to planned pregnancy is an option in some conditions.


id: cord-348221-w37lfv7e
author: Zhou, Yongjie
date: 2020-09-19
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32950999/
doi: 10.1038/s41398-020-01006-x
title:
  The prevalence of psychiatric symptoms of pregnant and non-pregnant women during the COVID-19 epidemic

abstract:
  Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is rapidly spreading worldwide, with a staggering number of cases and deaths. However, available data on the psychological impacts of COVID-19 on pregnant women are limited. The purposes of this study were to assess the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms among pregnant women, and to compare them with non-pregnant women. From February 28 to March 12, 2020, a cross-sectional study of pregnant and non-pregnant women was performed in China. The online questionnaire was used to collect information of participants. The mental health status was assessed by patient health questionnaire, generalized anxiety disorder scale, insomnia severity index, somatization subscale of the symptom checklist 90, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) checklist-5. Totally, 859 respondents were enrolled, including 544 pregnant women and 315 non-pregnant women. In this study, 5.3%, 6.8%, 2.4%, 2.6%, and 0.9% of pregnant women were identified to have symptoms of depression, anxiety, physical discomfort, insomnia, and PTSD, respectively. However, the corresponding prevalence rates among non-pregnant women were 17.5%, 17.5%, 2.5%, 5.4%, 5.7%, respectively. After adjusting for other covariates, we observed that pregnancy was associated a reduced risk of symptoms of depression (OR = 0.23; 95% CI: 0.12–0.45), anxiety (OR = 0.26; 95% CI: 0.16–0.42), insomnia (OR = 0.19; 95% CI: 0.06–0.58), and PTSD (OR = 0.15; 95% CI: 0.04–0.53) during the COVID-19 epidemic. Our results indicate that during the COVID-19 epidemic in China, pregnant women have an advantage of facing mental problems caused by COVID-19, showing fewer depression, anxiety, insomnia, and PTSD symptoms than non-pregnant women.


id: cord-348468-f8i0k5f7
title: Trends in teenage motherhood in Ecuador: challenges and inequalities
author: Espinel-Flores, Verónica
date: 2020-11-03
url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-020-01517-w
doi: 10.1007/s00038-020-01517-w
abstract:
  OBJECTIVES: To describe trends in teenage motherhood (TM), based on the socioeconomic groups teenagers belong to, and factors related to their first experience of heterosexual intercourse (FEHI). We took into consideration women aged 20–24 years, comparing three surveys from 1999, 2004, and 2012. METHODS: We obtained data from the Ecuadorian Demographic and Health Surveys about 4,696 women aged 20–24 years who had given birth as teenagers. Prevalence ratios and their confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated to estimate changes in socioeconomic inequalities and factors related to the FEHI. RESULTS: The prevalence of TM increased from 48% in 1999 to 60% in 2012 among women with complete primary education. The social gradient among socioeconomic groups were sustained. We detected no changes in the socioeconomic inequalities characterizing TM, and in the factors related to the FEHI across the three studies in Ecuador. CONCLUSIONS: Socioeconomic inequalities in TM and disadvantageous circumstances at FEHI remained unchanged for 14 years. Some factors are vital for reducing teenage motherhood in Ecuador: gender-equitable economic development, access to comprehensive-sexual education, contraception, health services, and safe abortion.


id: cord-350618-rtilfnzi
title: Sars‐CoV‐2 in the context of past coronaviruses epidemics: Consideration for prenatal care
author: Lambelet, Valentine
date: 2020-05-26
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32453451/
doi: 10.1002/pd.5759
abstract:
  Since December 2019, the novel SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak has resulted in millions of cases and more than 200,000 deaths worldwide. The clinical course among non‐pregnant women has been described but data about potential risks for women and their fetus remain scarce. The SARS and MERS epidemics were responsible for miscarriages, adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes and maternal deaths. For COVID‐19 infection, only 9 cases of maternal death have been reported as of April 22, 2020 and pregnant women seem to develop the same clinical presentation as the general population. However, severe maternal cases, as well as prematurity, fetal distress and stillbirth among newborns have been reported. The SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic greatly impacts prenatal management and surveillance and raise the need for clear unanimous guidelines. In this narrative review, we describe the current knowledge about coronaviruses (SARS, MERS and SARS‐CoV‐2) risks and consequences on pregnancies and we summarize available current candidate therapeutic options for pregnant women. Finally, we compare current guidance proposed by RCOG, ACOG and the WHO to give an overview of prenatal management which should be utilized until future data appear. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


id: cord-351269-xjy6chia
author: Wu, Y
date: 2020-05-26
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32369656/
doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.16276
title:
  Coronavirus disease 2019 among pregnant Chinese women: case series data on the safety of vaginal birth and breastfeeding

abstract:
  OBJECTIVE: To assess whether vaginal secretions and breast milk of women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) contain severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). DESIGN: Single centre cohort study. SETTING: Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei province, China. POPULATION: We studied 13 SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected pregnant women diagnosed between 31 January and 9 March 2020. METHODS: We collected clinical data, vaginal secretions, stool specimens and breast milk from SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected women during different stages of pregnancy and collected neonatal throat and anal swabs. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: We assessed viral presence in different biosamples. RESULTS: Of the 13 women with COVID‐19, five were in their first trimester, three in their second trimester and five in their third trimester. Of the five women in their third trimester who gave birth, all delivered live newborns. Among these five deliveries, the primary adverse perinatal outcomes included premature delivery (n = 2) and neonatal pneumonia (n = 2). One of nine stool samples was positive; all 13 vaginal secretion samples, and five throat swabs and four anal swabs collected from neonates, were negative for the novel coronavirus. However, one of three samples of breast milk was positive by viral nucleic acid testing. CONCLUSIONS: In this case series of 13 pregnant women with COVID‐19, we observed negative viral test results in vaginal secretion specimens, suggesting that a vaginal delivery may be a safe delivery option. However, additional research is urgently needed to examine breast milk and the potential risk for viral contamination. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: New evidence for the safety of vaginal delivery and breastfeeding in pregnant women infected with SARS‐CoV‐2, positive viral result in a breast‐milk sample.


id: cord-352364-yj31uwiu
title: Effectiveness of ICT-based intimate partner violence interventions: a systematic review
author: El Morr, Christo
date: 2020-09-07
txt: ./txt/cord-352364-yj31uwiu.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-352364-yj31uwiu.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09408-8
doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09408-8
summary:
  We reviewed the available evidence on the use of ICT-based interventions to address intimate partner violence (IPV), evaluating the effectiveness, acceptability, and suitability of ICT for addressing different aspects of the problem (e.g., awareness, screening, prevention, treatment, mental health). Key search terms included women, violence, domestic violence, intimate partner violence, information, communication technology, ICT, technology, email, mobile, phone, digital, ehealth, web, computer, online, and computerized. RESULTS: Twenty-five studies addressing screening and disclosure, IPV prevention, ICT suitability, support and women''s mental health were identified. Recent systematic reviews showed that the efficacy of ICT-based mobile apps for health (mHealth) is still limited, as research in the field lacks long-term studies and existing evidences of impact are inconsistent [52] . Longitudinal impacts of an online safety and health intervention for women experiencing intimate partner violence: randomized controlled trial ICT-based interventions for women experiencing intimate partner violence: research needs in usability and mental health

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Intimate Partner Violence is a “global pandemic”. Meanwhile, information and communication technologies (ICT), such as the internet, mobile phones, and smartphones, are spreading worldwide, including in low- and middle-income countries. We reviewed the available evidence on the use of ICT-based interventions to address intimate partner violence (IPV), evaluating the effectiveness, acceptability, and suitability of ICT for addressing different aspects of the problem (e.g., awareness, screening, prevention, treatment, mental health). METHODS: We conducted a systematic review, following PRISMA guidelines, using the following databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Key search terms included women, violence, domestic violence, intimate partner violence, information, communication technology, ICT, technology, email, mobile, phone, digital, ehealth, web, computer, online, and computerized. Only articles written in English were included. RESULTS: Twenty-five studies addressing screening and disclosure, IPV prevention, ICT suitability, support and women’s mental health were identified. The evidence reviewed suggests that ICT-based interventions were effective mainly in screening, disclosure, and prevention. However, there is a lack of homogeneity among the studies’ outcome measurements and the sample sizes, the control groups used (if any), the type of interventions, and the study recruitment space. Questions addressing safety, equity, and the unintended consequences of the use of ICT in IPV programming are virtually non-existent. CONCLUSIONS: There is a clear need to develop women-centered ICT design when programming for IPV. Our study showed only one study that formally addressed software usability. The need for more research to address safety, equity, and the unintended consequences of the use of ICT in IPV programming is paramount. Studies addressing long term effects are also needed.


id: cord-354848-7aakik9a
title: Contemporary Understanding of Ebola and Zika Virus in Pregnancy
author: Sayres, Lauren
date: 2020-10-16
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url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33153665/
doi: 10.1016/j.clp.2020.08.005
summary:
  In particular, Ebola virus is associated with high case fatality and pregnancy and neonatal loss rates, while Zika virus has been associated with multiple congenital anomalies; these features present critical clinical dilemmas for management of pregnant and reproductive aged women. The Monitored Emergency Use of Unregistered and Investigational Interventions ethical framework recommends that vulnerable Contemporary Understanding of Ebola and Zika Virus populations including pregnant women be offered similar treatments to the nonpregnant population when potential benefits can outweigh risks. 75 Attention must be paid to the successes and failures of the response to the Ebola and Zika outbreaks as physicians strive to provide excellent care for pregnant women who are affected by or at risk for emerging infectious diseases. Prevention of Ebola virus includes containment of infected substances and personal protection equipment use, and prevention of Zika virus entails protection against mosquito bites, avoidance of high-risk regions, and delay of childbearing.

abstract:
  Understanding the pathophysiology, management, and prevention of emerging infectious diseases among pregnant women is imperative to achieve a successful response from the medical community. Ebola and Zika viruses represent infections with profound public health implications. In particular, Ebola virus is associated with high case fatality and pregnancy and neonatal loss rates, while Zika virus has been associated with multiple congenital anomalies; these features present critical clinical dilemmas for management of pregnant and reproductive aged women. The objective of this article is to summarize key background information and best practices for management of Ebola and Zika virus in pregnancy.


