id sid tid token lemma pos cord-317758-oym8s4af 1 1 key key JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 1 2 : : : cord-317758-oym8s4af 1 3 cord-317758-oym8s4af cord-317758-oym8s4af CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 1 4 authors author NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 1 5 : : : cord-317758-oym8s4af 1 6 Manson Manson NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 1 7 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 1 8 JoAnn JoAnn NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 1 9 E. E. NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 1 10 ; ; : cord-317758-oym8s4af 1 11 Bassuk Bassuk NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 1 12 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 1 13 Shari Shari NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 1 14 S. S. NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 1 15 title title NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 1 16 : : : cord-317758-oym8s4af 1 17 Commentary commentary NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 1 18 . . . cord-317758-oym8s4af 2 1 Eliminating eliminate VBG cord-317758-oym8s4af 2 2 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 2 3 D d NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 2 4 Deficiency deficiency NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 2 5 During during IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 2 6 the the DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 2 7 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 2 8 Pandemic Pandemic NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 2 9 : : : cord-317758-oym8s4af 2 10 A a DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 2 11 Call call NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 2 12 to to IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 2 13 Action action NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 2 14 date date NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 2 15 : : : cord-317758-oym8s4af 2 16 2020 2020 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 2 17 - - HYPH cord-317758-oym8s4af 2 18 07 07 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 2 19 - - HYPH cord-317758-oym8s4af 2 20 23 23 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 2 21 journal journal NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 2 22 : : : cord-317758-oym8s4af 3 1 Metabolism metabolism NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 3 2 DOI DOI NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 3 3 : : : cord-317758-oym8s4af 3 4 10.1016/ 10.1016/ CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 4 1 j.metabol.2020.154322 j.metabol.2020.154322 NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 4 2 sha sha NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 4 3 : : : cord-317758-oym8s4af 4 4 7e57f4baa02579e9d85f1a1ad41c00ded63cc94f 7e57f4baa02579e9d85f1a1ad41c00ded63cc94f CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 4 5 doc_id doc_id CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 4 6 : : : cord-317758-oym8s4af 4 7 317758 317758 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 4 8 cord_uid cord_uid FW cord-317758-oym8s4af 4 9 : : : cord-317758-oym8s4af 5 1 oym8s4af oym8s4af NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 5 2 nan nan NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 5 3 J J NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 5 4 o o NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 5 5 u u NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 5 6 r r NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 5 7 n n NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 5 8 a a DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 5 9 l l NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 5 10 P p NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 5 11 r r NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 5 12 e e NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 5 13 -p -p NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 6 1 r r LS cord-317758-oym8s4af 7 1 o o UH cord-317758-oym8s4af 7 2 o o NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 8 1 f f LS cord-317758-oym8s4af 8 2 Long long RB cord-317758-oym8s4af 8 3 known know VBN cord-317758-oym8s4af 8 4 as as IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 8 5 critical critical JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 8 6 for for IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 8 7 bone bone NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 8 8 health health NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 8 9 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 8 10 and and CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 8 11 increasingly increasingly RB cord-317758-oym8s4af 8 12 recognized recognize VBN cord-317758-oym8s4af 8 13 as as IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 8 14 important important JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 8 15 for for IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 8 16 cardiometabolic cardiometabolic NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 8 17 and and CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 8 18 other other JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 8 19 non non JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 8 20 - - JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 8 21 skeletal skeletal JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 8 22 outcomes outcome NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 8 23 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 8 24 vitamin vitamin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 8 25 D d NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 8 26 has have VBZ cord-317758-oym8s4af 8 27 most most RBS cord-317758-oym8s4af 8 28 recently recently RB cord-317758-oym8s4af 8 29 attracted attract VBN cord-317758-oym8s4af 8 30 interest interest NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 8 31 for for IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 8 32 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-317758-oym8s4af 8 33 possible possible JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 8 34 protective protective JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 8 35 role role NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 8 36 against against IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 8 37 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 8 38 . . . cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 1 If if IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 2 vitamin vitamin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 3 D d NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 4 is be VBZ cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 5 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 6 in in IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 7 this this DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 8 regard regard NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 9 - - HYPH cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 10 and and CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 11 accumulating accumulate VBG cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 12 evidence evidence NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 13 suggests suggest VBZ cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 14 that that IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 15 it -PRON- PRP cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 16 may may MD cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 17 be be VB cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 18 - - : cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 19 then then RB cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 20 the the DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 21 high high JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 22 prevalence prevalence NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 23 of of IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 24 vitamin vitamin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 25 D d NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 26 deficiency deficiency NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 27 in in IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 28 the the DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 29 United United NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 30 States States NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 31 and and CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 32 globally globally RB cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 33 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 34 especially especially RB cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 35 among among IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 36 nonwhite nonwhite JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 37 racial racial JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 38 / / SYM cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 39 ethnic ethnic JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 40 groups group NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 41 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 42 is be VBZ cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 43 cause cause NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 44 for for IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 45 heightened heightened JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 46 concern concern NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 47 and and CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 48 should should MD cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 49 be be VB cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 50 rectified rectify VBN cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 51 expeditiously expeditiously RB cord-317758-oym8s4af 9 52 . . . cord-317758-oym8s4af 10 1 This this DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 10 2 commentary commentary NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 10 3 serves serve VBZ cord-317758-oym8s4af 10 4 as as IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 10 5 an an DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 10 6 urgent urgent JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 10 7 call call NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 10 8 to to IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 10 9 action action NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 10 10 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 10 11 with with IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 10 12 the the DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 10 13 aim aim NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 10 14 of of IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 10 15 improving improve VBG cord-317758-oym8s4af 10 16 public public JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 10 17 health health NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 10 18 during during IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 10 19 - - : cord-317758-oym8s4af 10 20 and and CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 10 21 after after IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 10 22 - - , cord-317758-oym8s4af 10 23 the the DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 10 24 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 10 25 pandemic pandemic NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 10 26 . . . cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 1 Current current JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 2 clinical clinical JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 3 vitamin vitamin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 4 D D NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 5 guidelines guideline NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 6 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 7 which which WDT cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 8 focus focus VBP cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 9 on on IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 10 maintenance maintenance NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 11 of of IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 12 bone bone NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 13 health health NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 14 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 15 classify classify VB cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 16 serum serum NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 17 25-hydroxyvitamin 25-hydroxyvitamin CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 18 D d NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 20 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 22 levels level NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 23 of of IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 24 20 20 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 25 - - SYM cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 26 50 50 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 27 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 28 12 12 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 29 - - SYM cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 30 20 20 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 31 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 32 and and CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 33 less less JJR cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 34 than than IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 35 12 12 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 36 ng ng NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 37 / / SYM cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 38 mL ml NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 39 as as IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 40 indicative indicative JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 41 of of IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 42 vitamin vitamin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 43 D d NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 44 sufficiency sufficiency NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 45 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 46 inadequacy inadequacy NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 47 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 48 and and CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 49 deficiency deficiency NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 50 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 51 respectively respectively RB cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 52 ( ( -LRB- cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 53 to to TO cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 54 convert convert VB cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 55 from from IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 56 ng ng NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 57 / / SYM cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 58 mL ml NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 59 to to IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 60 nmol nmol NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 61 / / SYM cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 62 L l NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 63 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 64 multiply multiply VB cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 65 by by IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 66 2.5 2.5 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 67 ) ) -RRB- cord-317758-oym8s4af 11 68 . . . cord-317758-oym8s4af 12 1 1 1 LS cord-317758-oym8s4af 13 1 By by IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 13 2 these these DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 13 3 criteria criterion NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 13 4 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 13 5 nearly nearly RB cord-317758-oym8s4af 13 6 one one CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 13 7 quarter quarter NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 13 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-317758-oym8s4af 13 9 23.3 23.3 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 13 10 % % NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 13 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-317758-oym8s4af 13 12 of of IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 13 13 the the DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 13 14 overall overall JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 13 15 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 13 16 population population NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 13 17 has have VBZ cord-317758-oym8s4af 13 18 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 13 19 levels level NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 13 20 in in IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 13 21 the the DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 13 22 insufficient insufficient JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 13 23 or or CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 13 24 deficient deficient JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 13 25 range range NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 13 26 . . . cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 1 2 2 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 2 Race race NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 3 / / SYM cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 4 ethnicity ethnicity NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 5 differentials differential NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 6 are be VBP cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 7 striking strike VBG cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 8 ; ; : cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 9 in in IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 10 the the DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 11 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 12 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 13 more more JJR cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 14 than than IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 15 one one CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 16 half half NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 18 53.3 53.3 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 19 % % NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 21 of of IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 22 Blacks black NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 23 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 24 more more JJR cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 25 than than IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 26 one one CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 27 third third JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 29 36.7 36.7 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 30 % % NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 32 of of IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 33 Asians Asians NNPS cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 34 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 35 and and CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 36 nearly nearly RB cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 37 one one CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 38 third third JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 40 32.2 32.2 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 41 % % NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 43 of of IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 44 Hispanics Hispanics NNPS cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 45 have have VBP cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 46 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 47 levels level NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 48 that that WDT cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 49 place place VBP cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 50 them -PRON- PRP cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 51 at at IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 52 risk risk NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 53 of of IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 54 vitamin vitamin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 55 D d NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 56 insufficiency insufficiency NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 57 or or CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 58 deficiency deficiency NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 59 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 60 compared compare VBN cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 61 with with IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 62 about about RB cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 63 1 1 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 64 in in IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 65 7 7 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 66 ( ( -LRB- cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 67 13.9 13.9 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 68 % % NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 69 ) ) -RRB- cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 70 non non JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 71 - - JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 72 Hispanic hispanic JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 73 whites white NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 14 74 . . . cord-317758-oym8s4af 15 1 For for IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 15 2 vitamin vitamin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 15 3 D d NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 15 4 deficiency deficiency NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 15 5 alone alone RB cord-317758-oym8s4af 15 6 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 15 7 the the DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 15 8 corresponding correspond VBG cord-317758-oym8s4af 15 9 percentages percentage NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 15 10 are be VBP cord-317758-oym8s4af 15 11 17.5 17.5 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 15 12 % % NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 15 13 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 15 14 7.6 7.6 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 15 15 % % NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 15 16 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 15 17 5.9 5.9 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 15 18 % % NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 15 19 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 15 20 and and CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 15 21 2.1 2.1 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 15 22 % % NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 15 23 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 15 24 respectively respectively RB cord-317758-oym8s4af 15 25 . . . cord-317758-oym8s4af 16 1 Multiple multiple JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 16 2 lines line NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 16 3 of of IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 16 4 evidence evidence NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 16 5 suggest suggest VBP cord-317758-oym8s4af 16 6 that that IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 16 7 vitamin vitamin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 16 8 D d NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 16 9 status status NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 16 10 may may MD cord-317758-oym8s4af 16 11 be be VB cord-317758-oym8s4af 16 12 relevant relevant JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 16 13 to to IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 16 14 COVID-19 covid-19 VB cord-317758-oym8s4af 16 15 incidence incidence NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 16 16 and and CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 16 17 severity severity NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 16 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-317758-oym8s4af 16 19 Table table NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 16 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-317758-oym8s4af 16 21 . . . cord-317758-oym8s4af 17 1 Laboratory laboratory NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 17 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-317758-oym8s4af 17 3 cell cell NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 17 4 - - HYPH cord-317758-oym8s4af 17 5 culture culture NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 17 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-317758-oym8s4af 17 7 investigations investigation NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 17 8 have have VBP cord-317758-oym8s4af 17 9 documented document VBN cord-317758-oym8s4af 17 10 vitamin vitamin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 17 11 D d NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 17 12 action action NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 17 13 in in IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 17 14 pathways pathway NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 17 15 relevant relevant JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 17 16 to to IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 17 17 immune immune JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 17 18 function function NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 17 19 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 17 20 as as RB cord-317758-oym8s4af 17 21 well well RB cord-317758-oym8s4af 17 22 as as IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 17 23 the the DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 17 24 expression expression NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 17 25 of of IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 17 26 the the DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 17 27 vitamin vitamin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 17 28 D d NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 17 29 receptor receptor NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 17 30 in in IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 17 31 innate innate JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 17 32 and and CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 17 33 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 17 34 immune immune JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 17 35 system system NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 17 36 cells cell NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 17 37 . . . cord-317758-oym8s4af 18 1 3 3 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 18 2 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 18 3 D d NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 18 4 may may MD cord-317758-oym8s4af 18 5 reduce reduce VB cord-317758-oym8s4af 18 6 infection infection NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 18 7 risk risk NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 18 8 by by IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 18 9 lowering lower VBG cord-317758-oym8s4af 18 10 viral viral JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 18 11 replication replication NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 18 12 rates rate NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 18 13 through through IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 18 14 the the DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 18 15 induction induction NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 18 16 of of IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 18 17 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 18 18 peptides peptide NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 18 19 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 18 20 including include VBG cord-317758-oym8s4af 18 21 cathelicidin cathelicidin NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 18 22 . . . cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 1 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 2 D d NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 3 also also RB cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 4 has have VBZ cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 5 immunomodulatory immunomodulatory JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 6 properties property NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 7 and and CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 8 can can MD cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 9 lower lower VB cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 10 inflammation inflammation NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 11 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 12 which which WDT cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 13 may may MD cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 14 help help VB cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 15 to to TO cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 16 avert avert VB cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 17 the the DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 18 J J NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 19 o o NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 20 u u NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 21 r r NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 22 n n NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 23 a a DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 24 l l NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 25 P p NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 26 r r NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 27 e e NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 28 -p -p NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 29 r r NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 30 o o NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 31 o o NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 32 f f NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 33 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 34 response response NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 35 thought think VBD cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 36 to to TO cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 37 be be VB cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 38 at at IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 39 least least JJS cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 40 partly partly RB cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 41 responsible responsible JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 42 for for IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 43 the the DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 44 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 45 complications complication NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 46 seen see VBN cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 47 in in IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 48 some some DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 49 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 50 patients patient NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 19 51 . . . cord-317758-oym8s4af 20 1 4 4 LS cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 2 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 3 vitamin vitamin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 4 D d NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 5 is be VBZ cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 6 a a DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 7 key key JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 8 modulator modulator NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 9 of of IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 10 the the DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 11 reninangiotensin reninangiotensin NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 12 system system NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 13 and and CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 14 may may MD cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 15 counteract counteract VB cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 16 the the DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 17 reduction reduction NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 18 in in IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 19 angiotensin angiotensin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 20 - - HYPH cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 21 converting convert VBG cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 22 enzyme enzyme NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 23 2 2 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 25 ACE2 ACE2 NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 27 activity activity NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 28 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 29 rise rise VBP cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 30 in in IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 31 angiotensin angiotensin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 32 - - HYPH cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 33 converting convert VBG cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 34 enzyme enzyme NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 36 ACE ace NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 38 activity activity NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 39 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 40 increased increase VBN cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 41 production production NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 42 of of IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 43 angiotensin angiotensin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 44 II II NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 45 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 46 and and CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 47 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 48 vasoconstriction vasoconstriction NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 49 that that WDT cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 50 occur occur VBP cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 51 when when WRB cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 52 inhaled inhale VBN cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 53 severe severe JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 54 acute acute JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 55 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 56 syndrome syndrome NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 57 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 21 58 2 2 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 22 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-317758-oym8s4af 22 2 SARS SARS NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 22 3 - - HYPH cord-317758-oym8s4af 22 4 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 22 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-317758-oym8s4af 22 6 binds bind VBZ cord-317758-oym8s4af 22 7 to to IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 22 8 ACE2 ACE2 NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 22 9 receptors receptor NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 22 10 on on IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 22 11 alveolar alveolar JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 22 12 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 22 13 cells cell NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 22 14 . . . cord-317758-oym8s4af 23 1 5 5 LS cord-317758-oym8s4af 24 1 Ecologic Ecologic NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 24 2 studies study NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 24 3 show show VBP cord-317758-oym8s4af 24 4 lower low JJR cord-317758-oym8s4af 24 5 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 24 6 mortality mortality NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 24 7 in in IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 24 8 countries country NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 24 9 or or CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 24 10 regions region NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 24 11 with with IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 24 12 greater great JJR cord-317758-oym8s4af 24 13 solar solar JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 24 14 ultraviolet ultraviolet NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 24 15 - - HYPH cord-317758-oym8s4af 24 16 B b NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 24 17 radiation radiation NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 24 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-317758-oym8s4af 24 19 associated associate VBN cord-317758-oym8s4af 24 20 with with IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 24 21 increased increase VBN cord-317758-oym8s4af 24 22 cutaneous cutaneous JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 24 23 synthesis synthesis NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 24 24 of of IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 24 25 vitamin vitamin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 24 26 D D NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 24 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-317758-oym8s4af 24 28 or or CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 24 29 populations population NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 24 30 with with IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 24 31 higher high JJR cord-317758-oym8s4af 24 32 mean mean JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 24 33 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 24 34 levels level NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 24 35 . . . cord-317758-oym8s4af 25 1 4 4 LS cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 2 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 3 within within IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 4 a a DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 5 given give VBN cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 6 country country NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 7 or or CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 8 region region NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 9 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 10 demographic demographic JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 11 groups group NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 12 known know VBN cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 13 to to TO cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 14 be be VB cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 15 at at IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 16 elevated elevated JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 17 risk risk NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 18 for for IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 19 vitamin vitamin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 20 D d NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 21 insufficiency insufficiency NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 22 - - : cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 23 not not RB cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 24 only only RB cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 25 Black black JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 26 individuals individual NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 27 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 28 but but CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 29 also also RB cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 30 the the DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 31 elderly elderly JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 32 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 33 nursing nursing NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 34 - - HYPH cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 35 home home NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 36 residents resident NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 37 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 38 and and CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 39 those those DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 40 with with IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 41 obesity obesity NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 42 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 43 vascular vascular JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 44 comorbidities comorbiditie NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 45 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 46 or or CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 47 chronic chronic JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 48 kidney kidney NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 49 disease disease NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 50 - - , cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 51 are be VBP cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 52 also also RB cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 53 those those DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 54 at at IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 55 higher high JJR cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 56 risk risk NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 57 of of IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 58 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 59 hospitalization hospitalization NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 60 and/or and/or CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 61 mortality mortality NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 26 62 . . . cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 1 Observational observational JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 2 studies study NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 3 also also RB cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 4 suggest suggest VBP cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 5 a a DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 6 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 7 role role NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 8 of of IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 9 vitamin vitamin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 10 D. D. NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 11 Studies Studies NNPS cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 12 of of IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 13 individuals individual NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 14 tested test VBN cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 15 for for IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 16 SARS SARS NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 17 - - HYPH cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 18 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 19 show show VBP cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 20 that that IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 21 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 22 levels level NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 23 measured measure VBN cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 24 concurrently concurrently RB cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 25 with with IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 26 or or CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 27 up up IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 28 to to TO cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 29 1 1 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 30 year year NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 31 prior prior RB cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 32 to to IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 33 viral viral JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 34 testing testing NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 35 are be VBP cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 36 inversely inversely RB cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 37 associated associate VBN cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 38 with with IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 39 the the DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 40 likelihood likelihood NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 41 of of IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 42 a a DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 43 positive positive JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 44 test test NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 45 result result NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 27 46 . . . cord-317758-oym8s4af 28 1 6 6 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 29 1 In in IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 29 2 addition addition NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 29 3 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 29 4 a a DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 29 5 growing grow VBG cord-317758-oym8s4af 29 6 number number NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 29 7 of of IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 29 8 studies study NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 29 9 of of IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 29 10 patients patient NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 29 11 with with IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 29 12 confirmed confirm VBN cord-317758-oym8s4af 29 13 SARS SARS NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 29 14 - - HYPH cord-317758-oym8s4af 29 15 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 29 16 infection infection NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 29 17 find find VBP cord-317758-oym8s4af 29 18 that that IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 29 19 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 29 20 levels level NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 29 21 correlate correlate VBP cord-317758-oym8s4af 29 22 inversely inversely RB cord-317758-oym8s4af 29 23 with with IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 29 24 illness illness NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 29 25 severity severity NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 29 26 . . . cord-317758-oym8s4af 30 1 6 6 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 31 1 For for IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 31 2 example example NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 31 3 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 31 4 among among IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 31 5 212 212 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 31 6 COVID-19 covid-19 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 31 7 patients patient NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 31 8 at at IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 31 9 three three CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 31 10 South south JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 31 11 Asian asian JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 31 12 hospitals hospital NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 31 13 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 31 14 the the DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 31 15 risk risk NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 31 16 of of IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 31 17 severe severe JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 31 18 as as IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 31 19 opposed oppose VBN cord-317758-oym8s4af 31 20 to to IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 31 21 mild mild JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 31 22 illness illness NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 31 23 was be VBD cord-317758-oym8s4af 31 24 approximately approximately RB cord-317758-oym8s4af 31 25 eight eight CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 31 26 times time NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 31 27 higher high JJR cord-317758-oym8s4af 31 28 in in IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 31 29 those those DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 31 30 who who WP cord-317758-oym8s4af 31 31 were be VBD cord-317758-oym8s4af 31 32 vitamin vitamin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 31 33 D d NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 31 34 deficient deficient JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 31 35 than than IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 31 36 in in IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 31 37 those those DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 31 38 who who WP cord-317758-oym8s4af 31 39 were be VBD cord-317758-oym8s4af 31 40 vitamin vitamin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 31 41 D d NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 31 42 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 31 43 . . . cord-317758-oym8s4af 32 1 7 7 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 1 Among among IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 2 780 780 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 3 COVID-19 covid-19 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 4 patients patient NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 5 in in IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 6 Indonesia Indonesia NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 7 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 8 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 9 levels level NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 10 below below IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 11 20 20 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 12 ng ng NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 13 / / SYM cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 14 mL mL NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 15 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 16 as as IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 17 compared compare VBN cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 18 with with IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 19 levels level NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 20 of of IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 21 30 30 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 22 ng ng NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 23 / / SYM cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 24 mL ml NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 25 or or CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 26 greater great JJR cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 27 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 28 were be VBD cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 29 predictive predictive JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 30 of of IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 31 a a DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 32 10-fold 10-fold JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 33 increase increase NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 34 in in IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 35 mortality mortality NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 36 risk risk NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 37 after after IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 38 controlling control VBG cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 39 for for IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 40 age age NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 41 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 42 sex sex NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 43 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 44 and and CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 45 comorbidity comorbidity NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 46 status status NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 33 47 . . . cord-317758-oym8s4af 34 1 8 8 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 35 1 Considered consider VBN cord-317758-oym8s4af 35 2 as as IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 35 3 a a DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 35 4 whole whole NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 35 5 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 35 6 the the DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 35 7 accumulating accumulate VBG cord-317758-oym8s4af 35 8 evidence evidence NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 35 9 is be VBZ cord-317758-oym8s4af 35 10 becoming become VBG cord-317758-oym8s4af 35 11 increasingly increasingly RB cord-317758-oym8s4af 35 12 compelling compelling JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 35 13 . . . cord-317758-oym8s4af 36 1 That that DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 36 2 said say VBD cord-317758-oym8s4af 36 3 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 36 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-317758-oym8s4af 36 5 is be VBZ cord-317758-oym8s4af 36 6 not not RB cord-317758-oym8s4af 36 7 yet yet RB cord-317758-oym8s4af 36 8 definitive definitive JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 36 9 . . . cord-317758-oym8s4af 37 1 Ecologic Ecologic NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 37 2 and and CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 37 3 observational observational JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 37 4 data datum NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 37 5 are be VBP cord-317758-oym8s4af 37 6 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 37 7 to to IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 37 8 confounding confounding JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 37 9 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 37 10 reverse reverse VB cord-317758-oym8s4af 37 11 causation causation NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 37 12 bias bias NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 37 13 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 37 14 and and CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 37 15 other other JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 37 16 threats threat NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 37 17 to to IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 37 18 validity validity NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 37 19 that that WDT cord-317758-oym8s4af 37 20 preclude preclude VBP cord-317758-oym8s4af 37 21 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-317758-oym8s4af 37 22 use use NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 37 23 for for IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 37 24 establishing establish VBG cord-317758-oym8s4af 37 25 causality causality NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 37 26 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 37 27 and and CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 38 1 randomized randomized JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 38 2 trial trial NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 38 3 data datum NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 38 4 regarding regard VBG cord-317758-oym8s4af 38 5 other other JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 38 6 viral viral JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 38 7 diseases disease NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 38 8 may may MD cord-317758-oym8s4af 38 9 not not RB cord-317758-oym8s4af 38 10 generalize generalize VB cord-317758-oym8s4af 38 11 to to TO cord-317758-oym8s4af 38 12 COVID-19 covid-19 VB cord-317758-oym8s4af 38 13 . . . cord-317758-oym8s4af 39 1 Well well RB cord-317758-oym8s4af 39 2 - - HYPH cord-317758-oym8s4af 39 3 designed design VBN cord-317758-oym8s4af 39 4 trials trial NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 39 5 that that WDT cord-317758-oym8s4af 39 6 overcome overcome VBP cord-317758-oym8s4af 39 7 these these DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 39 8 limitations limitation NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 39 9 are be VBP cord-317758-oym8s4af 39 10 needed need VBN cord-317758-oym8s4af 39 11 to to TO cord-317758-oym8s4af 39 12 evaluate evaluate VB cord-317758-oym8s4af 39 13 the the DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 39 14 efficacy efficacy NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 39 15 of of IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 39 16 vitamin vitamin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 39 17 D d NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 39 18 supplementation supplementation NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 39 19 for for IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 39 20 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 39 21 prevention prevention NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 39 22 and/or and/or CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 39 23 treatment treatment NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 39 24 . . . cord-317758-oym8s4af 40 1 Several several JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 40 2 such such JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 40 3 trials trial NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 40 4 are be VBP cord-317758-oym8s4af 40 5 underway underway JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 40 6 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 40 7 including include VBG cord-317758-oym8s4af 40 8 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-317758-oym8s4af 40 9 own own JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 40 10 . . . cord-317758-oym8s4af 41 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ cord-317758-oym8s4af 41 2 eventual eventual JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 41 3 results result NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 41 4 should should MD cord-317758-oym8s4af 41 5 allow allow VB cord-317758-oym8s4af 41 6 a a DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 41 7 definitive definitive JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 41 8 determination determination NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 41 9 of of IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 41 10 whether whether IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 41 11 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 41 12 and and CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 41 13 at at IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 41 14 what what WP cord-317758-oym8s4af 41 15 dose dose NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 41 16 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 41 17 vitamin vitamin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 41 18 D d NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 41 19 reduces reduce VBZ cord-317758-oym8s4af 41 20 risk risk NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 41 21 of of IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 41 22 developing develop VBG cord-317758-oym8s4af 41 23 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 41 24 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 41 25 improves improve VBZ cord-317758-oym8s4af 41 26 clinical clinical JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 41 27 outcomes outcome NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 41 28 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 41 29 and and CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 41 30 strengthens strengthen VBZ cord-317758-oym8s4af 41 31 response response NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 41 32 to to IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 41 33 future future JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 41 34 vaccination vaccination NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 41 35 . . . cord-317758-oym8s4af 42 1 In in IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 42 2 the the DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 42 3 meantime meantime NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 42 4 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 42 5 it -PRON- PRP cord-317758-oym8s4af 42 6 is be VBZ cord-317758-oym8s4af 42 7 more more RBR cord-317758-oym8s4af 42 8 important important JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 42 9 than than IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 42 10 ever ever RB cord-317758-oym8s4af 42 11 to to TO cord-317758-oym8s4af 42 12 embrace embrace VB cord-317758-oym8s4af 42 13 commonsense commonsense NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 42 14 measures measure NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 42 15 that that WDT cord-317758-oym8s4af 42 16 will will MD cord-317758-oym8s4af 42 17 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 42 18 on on IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 42 19 a a DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 42 20 population population NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 42 21 - - HYPH cord-317758-oym8s4af 42 22 wide wide JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 42 23 basis basis NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 42 24 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 42 25 reduce reduce VB cord-317758-oym8s4af 42 26 the the DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 42 27 risk risk NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 42 28 for for IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 42 29 vitamin vitamin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 42 30 D d NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 42 31 insufficiency insufficiency NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 42 32 and and CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 42 33 deficiency deficiency NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 42 34 . . . cord-317758-oym8s4af 43 1 With with IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 43 2 summer summer NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 43 3 upon upon IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 43 4 us -PRON- PRP cord-317758-oym8s4af 43 5 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 43 6 clinicians clinician NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 43 7 and and CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 43 8 public public JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 43 9 health health NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 43 10 authorities authority NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 43 11 should should MD cord-317758-oym8s4af 43 12 encourage encourage VB cord-317758-oym8s4af 43 13 patients patient NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 43 14 and and CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 43 15 the the DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 43 16 general general JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 43 17 public public NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 43 18 to to TO cord-317758-oym8s4af 43 19 spend spend VB cord-317758-oym8s4af 43 20 time time NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 43 21 outdoors outdoors RB cord-317758-oym8s4af 43 22 and and CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 43 23 be be VB cord-317758-oym8s4af 43 24 physically physically RB cord-317758-oym8s4af 43 25 active active JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 43 26 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 43 27 while while IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 43 28 adhering adhere VBG cord-317758-oym8s4af 43 29 to to IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 43 30 evolving evolve VBG cord-317758-oym8s4af 43 31 social social JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 43 32 distancing distance VBG cord-317758-oym8s4af 43 33 guidelines guideline NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 43 34 . . . cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 1 The the DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 2 skin skin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 3 can can MD cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 4 synthesize synthesize VB cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 5 enough enough JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 6 vitamin vitamin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 7 D d NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 8 to to TO cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 9 avert avert VB cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 10 deficiency deficiency NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 11 with with IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 12 as as RB cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 13 little little JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 14 as as IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 15 15 15 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 16 minutes minute NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 17 per per IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 18 day day NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 19 of of IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 20 sun sun NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 21 exposure exposure NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 22 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 23 although although IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 24 this this DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 25 time time NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 26 varies vary VBZ cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 27 according accord VBG cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 28 to to IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 29 latitude latitude NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 30 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 31 season season NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 32 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 33 time time NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 34 of of IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 35 day day NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 36 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 37 cloud cloud NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 38 cover cover NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 39 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 40 clothing clothing NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 41 coverage coverage NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 42 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 43 sunscreen sunscreen NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 44 use use NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 45 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 46 and and CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 47 skin skin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 48 pigmentation pigmentation NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 50 those those DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 51 with with IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 52 darker dark JJR cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 53 skin skin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 54 will will MD cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 55 need need VB cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 56 more more JJR cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 57 time time NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 58 in in IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 59 the the DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 60 sun sun NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 61 than than IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 62 those those DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 63 with with IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 64 lighter light JJR cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 65 skin skin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 66 ) ) -RRB- cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 67 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 68 and and CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 69 extended extend VBN cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 70 exposure exposure NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 71 increases increase VBZ cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 72 skin skin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 73 cancer cancer NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 74 risk risk NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 44 75 . . . cord-317758-oym8s4af 45 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-317758-oym8s4af 45 2 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 45 3 the the DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 45 4 message message NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 45 5 that that DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 45 6 diet diet NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 45 7 is be VBZ cord-317758-oym8s4af 46 1 J J NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 46 2 o o NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 46 3 u u NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 46 4 r r NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 46 5 n n NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 46 6 a a DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 46 7 l l NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 46 8 P p NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 46 9 r r NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 46 10 e e NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 46 11 -p -p NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 47 1 r r LS cord-317758-oym8s4af 48 1 o o UH cord-317758-oym8s4af 49 1 o o UH cord-317758-oym8s4af 49 2 f f NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 49 3 also also RB cord-317758-oym8s4af 49 4 important important JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 49 5 to to TO cord-317758-oym8s4af 49 6 achieve achieve VB cord-317758-oym8s4af 49 7 a a DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 49 8 healthy healthy JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 49 9 vitamin vitamin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 49 10 D d NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 49 11 level level NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 49 12 should should MD cord-317758-oym8s4af 49 13 be be VB cord-317758-oym8s4af 49 14 conveyed convey VBN cord-317758-oym8s4af 49 15 . . . cord-317758-oym8s4af 50 1 Good good JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 50 2 dietary dietary JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 50 3 sources source NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 50 4 include include VBP cord-317758-oym8s4af 50 5 fortified fortified JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 50 6 foods food NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 50 7 such such JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 50 8 as as IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 50 9 milk milk NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 50 10 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 50 11 yogurt yogurt NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 50 12 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 50 13 orange orange JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 50 14 juice juice NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 50 15 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 50 16 and and CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 50 17 cereals cereal NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 50 18 ; ; : cord-317758-oym8s4af 50 19 oily oily JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 50 20 fish fish NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 50 21 such such JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 50 22 as as IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 50 23 salmon salmon NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 50 24 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 50 25 rainbow rainbow NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 50 26 trout trout NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 50 27 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 50 28 canned can VBN cord-317758-oym8s4af 50 29 tuna tuna NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 50 30 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 50 31 and and CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 50 32 sardines sardine NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 50 33 ; ; : cord-317758-oym8s4af 50 34 eggs egg NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 50 35 ; ; , cord-317758-oym8s4af 50 36 and and CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 50 37 sun sun NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 50 38 - - HYPH cord-317758-oym8s4af 50 39 dried dry VBN cord-317758-oym8s4af 50 40 mushrooms mushroom NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 50 41 . . . cord-317758-oym8s4af 51 1 A a DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 51 2 helpful helpful JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 51 3 table table NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 51 4 listing list VBG cord-317758-oym8s4af 51 5 the the DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 51 6 vitamin vitamin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 51 7 D d NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 51 8 content content NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 51 9 of of IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 51 10 these these DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 51 11 and and CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 51 12 other other JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 51 13 foods food NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 51 14 is be VBZ cord-317758-oym8s4af 51 15 available available JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 51 16 . . . cord-317758-oym8s4af 52 1 11 11 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 52 2 Patients patient NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 52 3 and and CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 52 4 the the DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 52 5 general general JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 52 6 public public NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 52 7 should should MD cord-317758-oym8s4af 52 8 also also RB cord-317758-oym8s4af 52 9 be be VB cord-317758-oym8s4af 52 10 advised advise VBN cord-317758-oym8s4af 52 11 to to TO cord-317758-oym8s4af 52 12 read read VB cord-317758-oym8s4af 52 13 nutrition nutrition NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 52 14 labels label NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 52 15 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 52 16 which which WDT cord-317758-oym8s4af 52 17 are be VBP cord-317758-oym8s4af 52 18 required require VBN cord-317758-oym8s4af 52 19 to to TO cord-317758-oym8s4af 52 20 list list VB cord-317758-oym8s4af 52 21 the the DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 52 22 vitamin vitamin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 52 23 D d NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 52 24 content content NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 52 25 . . . cord-317758-oym8s4af 53 1 In in IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 53 2 this this DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 53 3 period period NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 53 4 of of IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 53 5 heightened heightened JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 53 6 " " `` cord-317758-oym8s4af 53 7 vitamin vitamin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 53 8 D d NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 53 9 awareness awareness NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 53 10 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 53 11 " " '' cord-317758-oym8s4af 53 12 clinicians clinician NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 53 13 and and CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 53 14 public public JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 53 15 health health NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 53 16 authorities authority NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 53 17 in in IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 53 18 countries country NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 53 19 that that WDT cord-317758-oym8s4af 53 20 lack lack VBP cord-317758-oym8s4af 53 21 food food NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 53 22 fortification fortification NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 53 23 policies policy NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 53 24 should should MD cord-317758-oym8s4af 53 25 advocate advocate VB cord-317758-oym8s4af 53 26 for for IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 53 27 a a DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 53 28 timely timely JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 53 29 implementation implementation NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 53 30 of of IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 53 31 such such JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 53 32 policies policy NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 53 33 to to TO cord-317758-oym8s4af 53 34 reduce reduce VB cord-317758-oym8s4af 53 35 vitamin vitamin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 53 36 D d NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 53 37 deficiency deficiency NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 53 38 . . . cord-317758-oym8s4af 54 1 For for IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 54 2 people people NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 54 3 who who WP cord-317758-oym8s4af 54 4 are be VBP cord-317758-oym8s4af 54 5 unable unable JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 54 6 to to TO cord-317758-oym8s4af 54 7 be be VB cord-317758-oym8s4af 54 8 outdoors outdoors RB cord-317758-oym8s4af 54 9 and and CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 54 10 also also RB cord-317758-oym8s4af 54 11 have have VB cord-317758-oym8s4af 54 12 low low JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 54 13 dietary dietary JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 54 14 vitamin vitamin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 54 15 D d NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 54 16 intake intake NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 54 17 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 54 18 supplementation supplementation NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 54 19 is be VBZ cord-317758-oym8s4af 54 20 prudent prudent JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 54 21 . . . cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 1 The the DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 2 recommended recommend VBN cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 3 dietary dietary JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 4 allowance allowance NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 5 of of IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 6 vitamin vitamin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 7 D d NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 8 from from IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 9 food food NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 10 plus plus CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 11 supplements supplement NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 12 is be VBZ cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 13 600 600 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 14 IU IU NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 15 / / SYM cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 16 day day NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 17 for for IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 18 adults adult NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 19 up up IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 20 to to IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 21 age age NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 22 70 70 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 23 years year NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 24 and and CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 25 800 800 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 26 IU IU NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 27 / / , cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 28 day day NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 29 for for IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 30 those those DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 31 above above JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 32 age age NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 33 70 70 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 34 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 35 1 1 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 36 but but CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 37 during during IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 38 the the DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 39 current current JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 40 pandemic pandemic NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 41 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 42 a a DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 43 supplement supplement NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 44 containing contain VBG cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 45 1000 1000 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 46 - - SYM cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 47 2000 2000 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 48 IU IU NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 49 / / SYM cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 50 day day NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 51 of of IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 52 vitamin vitamin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 53 D d NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 54 would would MD cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 55 be be VB cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 56 reasonable reasonable JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 55 57 . . . cord-317758-oym8s4af 56 1 However however RB cord-317758-oym8s4af 56 2 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 56 3 routine routine JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 56 4 use use NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 56 5 of of IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 56 6 doses dose NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 56 7 above above IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 56 8 the the DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 56 9 safety safety NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 56 10 limit limit NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 56 11 of of IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 56 12 4000 4000 CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 56 13 IU IU NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 56 14 / / SYM cord-317758-oym8s4af 56 15 day day NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 56 16 should should MD cord-317758-oym8s4af 56 17 be be VB cord-317758-oym8s4af 56 18 avoided avoid VBN cord-317758-oym8s4af 56 19 to to TO cord-317758-oym8s4af 56 20 minimize minimize VB cord-317758-oym8s4af 56 21 risk risk NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 56 22 of of IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 56 23 hypercalcemia hypercalcemia NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 56 24 and and CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 56 25 other other JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 56 26 adverse adverse JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 56 27 events event NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 56 28 . . . cord-317758-oym8s4af 57 1 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 57 2 D d NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 57 3 is be VBZ cord-317758-oym8s4af 57 4 essential essential JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 57 5 for for IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 57 6 health health NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 57 7 . . . cord-317758-oym8s4af 58 1 Although although IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 58 2 additional additional JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 58 3 research research NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 58 4 on on IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 58 5 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-317758-oym8s4af 58 6 contribution contribution NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 58 7 to to IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 58 8 attenuating attenuate VBG cord-317758-oym8s4af 58 9 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 58 10 risk risk NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 58 11 and and CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 58 12 severity severity NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 58 13 is be VBZ cord-317758-oym8s4af 58 14 in in IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 58 15 progress progress NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 58 16 , , , cord-317758-oym8s4af 58 17 eliminating eliminate VBG cord-317758-oym8s4af 58 18 vitamin vitamin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 58 19 D D NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 58 20 deficiency deficiency NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 58 21 will will MD cord-317758-oym8s4af 58 22 improve improve VB cord-317758-oym8s4af 58 23 public public JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 58 24 health health NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 58 25 during during IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 58 26 the the DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 58 27 current current JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 58 28 pandemic pandemic NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 58 29 and and CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 58 30 after after IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 58 31 the the DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 58 32 threat threat NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 58 33 subsides subside VBZ cord-317758-oym8s4af 58 34 . . . cord-317758-oym8s4af 58 35 _SP cord-317758-oym8s4af 59 1 Dietary dietary JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 59 2 Reference reference NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 59 3 Intakes Intakes NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 59 4 for for IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 59 5 Calcium calcium NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 59 6 and and CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 59 7 Vitamin Vitamin NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 59 8 D. D. NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 59 9 Washington Washington NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 59 10 DC DC NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 59 11 : : : cord-317758-oym8s4af 60 1 The the DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 60 2 National National NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 60 3 Academies Academies NNPS cord-317758-oym8s4af 60 4 Press Press NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 60 5 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 60 6 D d NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 60 7 status status NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 60 8 in in IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 60 9 the the DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 60 10 United United NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 60 11 States States NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 60 12 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 60 13 D D NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 60 14 and and CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 60 15 the the DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 60 16 immune immune JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 60 17 system system NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 60 18 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 60 19 D d NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 60 20 and and CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 60 21 inflammation inflammation NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 60 22 : : : cord-317758-oym8s4af 60 23 potential potential JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 60 24 implications implication NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 60 25 for for IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 60 26 severity severity NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 60 27 of of IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 60 28 Covid-19 Covid-19 NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 60 29 Letter Letter NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 60 30 : : : cord-317758-oym8s4af 60 31 does do VBZ cord-317758-oym8s4af 60 32 vitamin vitamin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 60 33 D D NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 60 34 have have VBP cord-317758-oym8s4af 60 35 a a DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 60 36 potential potential JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 60 37 role role NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 60 38 against against IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 60 39 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 60 40 ? ? . cord-317758-oym8s4af 61 1 Rapid Rapid NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 61 2 Response response NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 61 3 : : : cord-317758-oym8s4af 61 4 Low low JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 61 5 vitamin vitamin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 61 6 D d NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 61 7 : : : cord-317758-oym8s4af 61 8 high high JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 61 9 risk risk NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 61 10 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 61 11 mortality mortality NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 61 12 ? ? . cord-317758-oym8s4af 62 1 Seven seven CD cord-317758-oym8s4af 62 2 preprints preprint NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 62 3 suggest suggest VBP cord-317758-oym8s4af 62 4 that that WDT cord-317758-oym8s4af 62 5 is be VBZ cord-317758-oym8s4af 62 6 case case NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 62 7 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 62 8 D d NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 62 9 supplementation supplementation NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 62 10 could could MD cord-317758-oym8s4af 62 11 possibly possibly RB cord-317758-oym8s4af 62 12 improve improve VB cord-317758-oym8s4af 62 13 clinical clinical JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 62 14 outcomes outcome NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 62 15 of of IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 62 16 patients patient NNS cord-317758-oym8s4af 62 17 infected infect VBN cord-317758-oym8s4af 62 18 with with IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 62 19 coronavirus-2019 coronavirus-2019 NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 62 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-317758-oym8s4af 62 21 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-317758-oym8s4af 62 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-317758-oym8s4af 62 23 Patterns Patterns NNPS cord-317758-oym8s4af 62 24 of of IN cord-317758-oym8s4af 62 25 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 62 26 mortality mortality NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 62 27 and and CC cord-317758-oym8s4af 62 28 vitamin vitamin NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 62 29 D d NN cord-317758-oym8s4af 62 30 : : : cord-317758-oym8s4af 62 31 an an DT cord-317758-oym8s4af 62 32 Indonesian indonesian JJ cord-317758-oym8s4af 62 33 study study NN