id sid tid token lemma pos cord-276942-dk1rk908 1 1 key key NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 1 2 : : : cord-276942-dk1rk908 1 3 cord-276942-dk1rk908 cord-276942-dk1rk908 NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 1 4 authors author NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 1 5 : : : cord-276942-dk1rk908 1 6 Ebadi Ebadi NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 1 7 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 1 8 Maryam Maryam NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 1 9 ; ; : cord-276942-dk1rk908 1 10 Montano Montano NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 1 11 - - HYPH cord-276942-dk1rk908 1 12 Loza Loza NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 1 13 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 1 14 Aldo Aldo NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 1 15 J. J. NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 1 16 title title NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 1 17 : : : cord-276942-dk1rk908 1 18 Perspective perspective NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 1 19 : : : cord-276942-dk1rk908 2 1 improving improve VBG cord-276942-dk1rk908 2 2 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 2 3 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 2 4 status status NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 2 5 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 2 6 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 2 7 management management NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 2 8 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 2 9 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 2 10 date date NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 3 1 : : : cord-276942-dk1rk908 3 2 2020 2020 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 3 3 - - HYPH cord-276942-dk1rk908 3 4 05 05 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 3 5 - - HYPH cord-276942-dk1rk908 3 6 12 12 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 3 7 journal journal NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 3 8 : : : cord-276942-dk1rk908 4 1 Eur Eur NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 4 2 J J NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 4 3 Clin Clin NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 4 4 Nutr Nutr NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 4 5 DOI DOI NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 4 6 : : : cord-276942-dk1rk908 4 7 10.1038 10.1038 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 4 8 / / SYM cord-276942-dk1rk908 4 9 s41430 s41430 NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 4 10 - - HYPH cord-276942-dk1rk908 4 11 020 020 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 5 1 -0661 -0661 NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 5 2 - - SYM cord-276942-dk1rk908 5 3 0 0 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 5 4 sha sha NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 5 5 : : : cord-276942-dk1rk908 5 6 9b853375ada6a1cac7ac1e2bbcab4f0045b88cbd 9b853375ada6a1cac7ac1e2bbcab4f0045b88cbd CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 5 7 doc_id doc_id CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 5 8 : : : cord-276942-dk1rk908 5 9 276942 276942 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 5 10 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 5 11 : : : cord-276942-dk1rk908 6 1 dk1rk908 dk1rk908 NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 6 2 nan nan NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 7 1 A a DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 7 2 novel novel JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 7 3 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 7 4 disease disease NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 7 5 2019 2019 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 8 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 8 2 COVID-19 covid-19 VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 8 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 8 4 outbreak outbreak NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 8 5 is be VBZ cord-276942-dk1rk908 8 6 a a DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 8 7 global global JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 8 8 dramatic dramatic JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 8 9 pandemic pandemic NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 8 10 that that WDT cord-276942-dk1rk908 8 11 is be VBZ cord-276942-dk1rk908 8 12 immeasurably immeasurably RB cord-276942-dk1rk908 8 13 impacting impact VBG cord-276942-dk1rk908 8 14 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-276942-dk1rk908 8 15 communities community NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 8 16 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 9 1 Considering consider VBG cord-276942-dk1rk908 9 2 massive massive JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 9 3 health health NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 9 4 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 9 5 economic economic JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 9 6 burden burden NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 9 7 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 9 8 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 9 9 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 9 10 pandemic pandemic NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 9 11 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 9 12 any any DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 9 13 means mean NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 9 14 by by IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 9 15 which which WDT cord-276942-dk1rk908 9 16 to to TO cord-276942-dk1rk908 9 17 improve improve VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 9 18 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 9 19 condition condition NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 9 20 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 9 21 patients patient NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 9 22 to to TO cord-276942-dk1rk908 9 23 accelerate accelerate VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 9 24 recovery recovery NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 9 25 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 9 26 to to TO cord-276942-dk1rk908 9 27 reduce reduce VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 9 28 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 9 29 risk risk NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 9 30 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 9 31 deterioration deterioration NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 9 32 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 9 33 death death NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 9 34 would would MD cord-276942-dk1rk908 9 35 be be VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 9 36 considered consider VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 9 37 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 9 38 significant significant JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 9 39 clinical clinical JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 9 40 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 9 41 economical economical JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 9 42 importance importance NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 9 43 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 10 1 In in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 10 2 patients patient NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 10 3 with with IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 10 4 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 10 5 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 10 6 SARS SARS NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 10 7 - - HYPH cord-276942-dk1rk908 10 8 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 10 9 virus virus NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 10 10 binds bind VBZ cord-276942-dk1rk908 10 11 to to IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 10 12 angiotensin angiotensin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 10 13 converting convert VBG cord-276942-dk1rk908 10 14 enzyme enzyme NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 10 15 2 2 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 10 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 10 17 ACE2 ACE2 NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 10 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 10 19 receptors receptor NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 10 20 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 10 21 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 10 22 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 10 23 tracts tract NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 10 24 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 10 25 infected infected JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 10 26 patients patient NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 10 27 to to TO cord-276942-dk1rk908 10 28 enter enter VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 10 29 host host NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 10 30 cells cell NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 10 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 10 32 1 1 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 10 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 10 34 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 11 1 At at IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 11 2 early early JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 11 3 stages stage NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 11 4 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 11 5 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 11 6 disease disease NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 11 7 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 11 8 protective protective JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 11 9 immune immune JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 11 10 response response NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 11 11 is be VBZ cord-276942-dk1rk908 11 12 responsible responsible JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 11 13 for for IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 11 14 eliminating eliminate VBG cord-276942-dk1rk908 11 15 virus virus NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 11 16 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 11 17 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 11 18 therefore therefore RB cord-276942-dk1rk908 11 19 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 11 20 strategies strategy NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 11 21 to to TO cord-276942-dk1rk908 11 22 improve improve VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 11 23 immune immune JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 11 24 responses response NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 11 25 are be VBP cord-276942-dk1rk908 11 26 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 11 27 importance importance NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 11 28 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 12 1 As as IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 12 2 disease disease NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 12 3 progresses progress VBZ cord-276942-dk1rk908 12 4 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 12 5 lung lung NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 12 6 inflammation inflammation NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 12 7 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 12 8 fibrosis fibrosis NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 12 9 occur occur VBP cord-276942-dk1rk908 12 10 due due IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 12 11 to to IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 12 12 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 12 13 release release NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 12 14 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 12 15 pro pro JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 12 16 - - JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 12 17 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 12 18 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 12 19 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 12 20 namely namely RB cord-276942-dk1rk908 12 21 interleukin interleukin JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 12 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 12 23 IL)-1B il)-1b NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 12 24 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 12 25 IL-18 IL-18 NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 12 26 by by IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 12 27 activated activate VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 12 28 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 12 29 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 12 30 type type NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 12 31 1 1 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 12 32 T t NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 12 33 helper helper NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 12 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 12 35 Th1 th1 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 12 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 12 37 immune immune JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 12 38 cells cell NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 12 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 12 40 2 2 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 12 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 12 42 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 13 1 Older old JJR cord-276942-dk1rk908 13 2 patients patient NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 13 3 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 13 4 those those DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 13 5 that that WDT cord-276942-dk1rk908 13 6 are be VBP cord-276942-dk1rk908 13 7 immunocompromised immunocompromised JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 13 8 are be VBP cord-276942-dk1rk908 13 9 at at IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 13 10 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 13 11 higher high JJR cord-276942-dk1rk908 13 12 substantial substantial JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 13 13 risk risk NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 13 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 13 15 3 3 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 13 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 13 17 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 14 1 Unfortunately unfortunately RB cord-276942-dk1rk908 14 2 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 14 3 current current JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 14 4 knowledge knowledge NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 14 5 gap gap NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 14 6 on on IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 14 7 human human JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 14 8 immune immune JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 14 9 response response NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 14 10 to to IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 14 11 SARS SARS NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 14 12 - - HYPH cord-276942-dk1rk908 14 13 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 14 14 is be VBZ cord-276942-dk1rk908 14 15 a a DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 14 16 critical critical JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 14 17 barrier barrier NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 14 18 for for IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 14 19 treating treat VBG cord-276942-dk1rk908 14 20 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 14 21 disease disease NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 14 22 ; ; : cord-276942-dk1rk908 14 23 however however RB cord-276942-dk1rk908 14 24 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 14 25 potential potential JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 14 26 immunomodulators immunomodulator NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 14 27 may may MD cord-276942-dk1rk908 14 28 help help VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 14 29 alleviate alleviate VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 14 30 severity severity NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 14 31 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 14 32 improve improve VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 14 33 outcomes outcome NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 14 34 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 15 1 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 15 2 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 15 3 is be VBZ cord-276942-dk1rk908 15 4 a a DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 15 5 secosteroid secosteroid NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 15 6 that that WDT cord-276942-dk1rk908 15 7 has have VBZ cord-276942-dk1rk908 15 8 a a DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 15 9 wide wide JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 15 10 spectrum spectrum NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 15 11 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 15 12 immunomodulatory immunomodulatory NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 15 13 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 15 14 antiinflammatory antiinflammatory JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 15 15 antifibrotic antifibrotic JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 15 16 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 15 17 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 15 18 antioxidant antioxidant JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 15 19 actions action NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 15 20 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 16 1 Expression expression NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 16 2 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 16 3 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 16 4 cytokine cytokine NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 16 5 [ [ -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 16 6 e.g. e.g. RB cord-276942-dk1rk908 16 7 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 16 8 IL-1α il-1α NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 16 9 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 16 10 IL-1β IL-1β NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 16 11 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 16 12 tumor tumor NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 16 13 necrosis necrosis NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 16 14 factor factor NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 16 15 - - HYPH cord-276942-dk1rk908 16 16 α α NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 16 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 16 18 was be VBD cord-276942-dk1rk908 16 19 inhibited inhibit VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 16 20 by by IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 16 21 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 16 22 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 16 23 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 16 24 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-276942-dk1rk908 16 25 insufficiency insufficiency NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 16 26 was be VBD cord-276942-dk1rk908 16 27 associated associate VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 16 28 with with IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 16 29 overexpression overexpression NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 16 30 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 16 31 Th1 th1 NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 16 32 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 16 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 16 34 4 4 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 16 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 16 36 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 17 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-276942-dk1rk908 17 2 have have VBP cord-276942-dk1rk908 17 3 recently recently RB cord-276942-dk1rk908 17 4 found find VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 17 5 that that IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 17 6 severe severe JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 17 7 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 17 8 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 17 9 deficiency deficiency NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 17 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 17 11 < < NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 17 12 25 25 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 17 13 nmol nmol NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 17 14 / / SYM cord-276942-dk1rk908 17 15 L L NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 17 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 17 17 is be VBZ cord-276942-dk1rk908 17 18 associated associate VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 17 19 with with IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 17 20 disease disease NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 17 21 progression progression NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 17 22 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 17 23 increased increase VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 17 24 mortality mortality NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 17 25 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 17 26 patients patient NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 17 27 with with IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 17 28 autoimmune autoimmune JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 17 29 liver liver NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 17 30 diseases disease NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 17 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 17 32 5 5 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 17 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 17 34 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 18 1 This this DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 18 2 attribute attribute NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 18 3 has have VBZ cord-276942-dk1rk908 18 4 generated generate VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 18 5 interest interest NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 18 6 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 18 7 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 18 8 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 18 9 as as IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 18 10 a a DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 18 11 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 18 12 factor factor NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 18 13 that that WDT cord-276942-dk1rk908 18 14 can can MD cord-276942-dk1rk908 18 15 be be VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 18 16 measured measure VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 18 17 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 18 18 monitored monitor VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 18 19 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 18 20 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 18 21 manipulated manipulate VBD cord-276942-dk1rk908 18 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 18 23 6 6 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 18 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 18 25 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 19 1 Patients patient NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 19 2 with with IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 19 3 common common JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 19 4 variable variable JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 19 5 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 19 6 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 19 7 bronchiectasis bronchiectasis NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 19 8 [ [ -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 19 9 7 7 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 19 10 ] ] -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 19 11 as as RB cord-276942-dk1rk908 19 12 well well RB cord-276942-dk1rk908 19 13 as as IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 19 14 older old JJR cord-276942-dk1rk908 19 15 adults adult NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 19 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 19 17 8 8 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 19 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 19 19 who who WP cord-276942-dk1rk908 19 20 are be VBP cord-276942-dk1rk908 19 21 detected detect VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 19 22 with with IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 19 23 mild mild JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 19 24 to to IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 19 25 severe severe JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 19 26 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 19 27 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 19 28 deficiency deficiency NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 19 29 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 19 30 constitute constitute VBP cord-276942-dk1rk908 19 31 high high JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 19 32 risk risk NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 19 33 groups group NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 19 34 for for IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 19 35 getting get VBG cord-276942-dk1rk908 19 36 severe severe JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 19 37 illness illness NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 19 38 from from IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 19 39 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 19 40 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 20 1 In in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 20 2 addition addition NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 20 3 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 20 4 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 20 5 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 20 6 has have VBZ cord-276942-dk1rk908 20 7 an an DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 20 8 important important JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 20 9 role role NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 20 10 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 20 11 cardiovascular cardiovascular JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 20 12 diseases disease NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 20 13 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 20 14 diabetes diabetes NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 20 15 mellitus mellitus NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 20 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 20 17 9 9 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 20 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 20 19 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 21 1 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 21 2 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 21 3 deficiency deficiency NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 21 4 is be VBZ cord-276942-dk1rk908 21 5 also also RB cord-276942-dk1rk908 21 6 common common JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 21 7 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 21 8 obesity obesity NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 21 9 [ [ -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 21 10 10 10 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 21 11 ] ] -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 21 12 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 21 13 smokers smoker NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 21 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 21 15 11 11 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 21 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 21 17 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 22 1 In in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 22 2 Chicago Chicago NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 22 3 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 22 4 more more JJR cord-276942-dk1rk908 22 5 than than IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 22 6 half half NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 22 7 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 22 8 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 22 9 cases case NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 22 10 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 22 11 around around IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 22 12 70 70 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 22 13 % % NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 22 14 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 22 15 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 22 16 deaths death NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 22 17 were be VBD cord-276942-dk1rk908 22 18 observed observe VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 22 19 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 22 20 African african JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 22 21 - - HYPH cord-276942-dk1rk908 22 22 American american JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 22 23 individuals individual NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 22 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 22 25 12 12 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 22 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 22 27 who who WP cord-276942-dk1rk908 22 28 are be VBP cord-276942-dk1rk908 22 29 at at IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 22 30 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 22 31 greater great JJR cord-276942-dk1rk908 22 32 risk risk NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 22 33 for for IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 22 34 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 22 35 D D NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 22 36 deficiency deficiency NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 22 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 22 38 13 13 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 22 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 22 40 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 23 1 Among among IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 23 2 environmental environmental JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 23 3 factors factor NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 23 4 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 23 5 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 23 6 variation variation NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 23 7 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 23 8 sun sun NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 23 9 exposure exposure NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 23 10 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 23 11 geographic geographic JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 23 12 latitudes latitude NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 23 13 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 23 14 air air NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 23 15 pollution pollution NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 23 16 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 23 17 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 23 18 darker dark JJR cord-276942-dk1rk908 23 19 skin skin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 23 20 influence influence NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 23 21 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 23 22 vitro vitro FW cord-276942-dk1rk908 23 23 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 23 24 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 23 25 formation formation NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 23 26 by by IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 23 27 sunlight sunlight NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 23 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 23 29 14 14 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 23 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 23 31 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 24 1 Recent recent JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 24 2 investigation investigation NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 24 3 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 24 4 an an DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 24 5 association association NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 24 6 between between IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 24 7 temperature temperature NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 24 8 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 24 9 latitude latitude NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 24 10 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 24 11 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 24 12 cities city NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 24 13 affected affect VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 24 14 with with IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 24 15 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 24 16 indicated indicate VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 24 17 similarity similarity NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 24 18 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 24 19 temperature temperature NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 24 20 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 24 21 latitude latitude NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 24 22 among among IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 24 23 those those DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 24 24 highly highly RB cord-276942-dk1rk908 24 25 affected affect VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 24 26 areas area NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 24 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 24 28 15 15 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 24 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 24 30 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 25 1 This this DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 25 2 is be VBZ cord-276942-dk1rk908 25 3 an an DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 25 4 important important JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 25 5 notion notion NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 25 6 that that WDT cord-276942-dk1rk908 25 7 must must MD cord-276942-dk1rk908 25 8 be be VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 25 9 considered consider VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 25 10 as as IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 25 11 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 25 12 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 25 13 concentrations concentration NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 25 14 tended tend VBD cord-276942-dk1rk908 25 15 to to TO cord-276942-dk1rk908 25 16 be be VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 25 17 lower low JJR cord-276942-dk1rk908 25 18 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 25 19 high high JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 25 20 - - HYPH cord-276942-dk1rk908 25 21 latitude latitude NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 25 22 countries country NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 25 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 25 24 16 16 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 25 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 25 26 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 26 1 High high JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 26 2 prevalence prevalence NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 26 3 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 26 4 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 26 5 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 26 6 deficiency deficiency NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 26 7 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 26 8 insufficiency insufficiency NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 26 9 was be VBD cord-276942-dk1rk908 26 10 reported report VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 26 11 previously previously RB cord-276942-dk1rk908 26 12 for for IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 26 13 those those DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 26 14 affected affect VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 26 15 areas area NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 26 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 26 17 Table table NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 26 18 1 1 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 26 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 26 20 ; ; : cord-276942-dk1rk908 26 21 however however RB cord-276942-dk1rk908 26 22 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 26 23 it -PRON- PRP cord-276942-dk1rk908 26 24 should should MD cord-276942-dk1rk908 26 25 be be VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 26 26 acknowledged acknowledge VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 26 27 that that IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 26 28 divergent divergent JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 26 29 included include VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 26 30 populations population NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 26 31 may may MD cord-276942-dk1rk908 26 32 limit limit VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 26 33 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 26 34 generalizability generalizability NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 26 35 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 26 36 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 26 37 study study NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 26 38 to to IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 26 39 other other JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 26 40 populations population NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 26 41 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 27 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-276942-dk1rk908 27 2 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 27 3 prevalence prevalence NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 27 4 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 27 5 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 27 6 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 27 7 deficiency deficiency NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 27 8 differs differ VBZ cord-276942-dk1rk908 27 9 among among IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 27 10 various various JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 27 11 geographical geographical JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 27 12 regions region NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 27 13 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 27 14 each each DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 27 15 country country NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 27 16 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 27 17 which which WDT cord-276942-dk1rk908 27 18 limit limit VBP cord-276942-dk1rk908 27 19 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-276942-dk1rk908 27 20 ability ability NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 27 21 to to TO cord-276942-dk1rk908 27 22 simplify simplify VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 27 23 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 27 24 results result NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 27 25 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 28 1 Epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 28 2 studies study NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 28 3 have have VBP cord-276942-dk1rk908 28 4 reported report VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 28 5 that that IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 28 6 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 28 7 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 28 8 deficiency deficiency NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 28 9 is be VBZ cord-276942-dk1rk908 28 10 associated associate VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 28 11 with with IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 28 12 viral viral JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 28 13 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 28 14 tract tract NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 28 15 infections infection NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 28 16 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 28 17 acute acute JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 28 18 lung lung NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 28 19 injury injury NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 28 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 28 21 17 17 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 28 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 28 23 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 1 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 2 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 3 agonist agonist NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 4 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 5 calcitriol calcitriol NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 6 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 7 exhibited exhibit VBD cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 8 protective protective JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 9 effects effect NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 10 against against IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 11 acute acute JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 12 lung lung NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 13 injury injury NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 14 by by IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 15 modulating modulate VBG cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 16 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 17 expression expression NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 18 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 19 members member NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 20 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 21 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 22 renin renin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 23 - - HYPH cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 24 angiotensin angiotensin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 25 system system NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 26 such such JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 27 as as IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 28 ACE2 ACE2 NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 29 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 30 lung lung NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 31 tissue tissue NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 33 18 18 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 35 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 36 supporting support VBG cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 37 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 38 role role NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 39 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 40 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 41 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 42 deficiency deficiency NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 43 as as IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 44 a a DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 45 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 46 factor factor NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 47 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 48 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 29 49 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 30 1 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 30 2 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 30 3 receptors receptor NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 30 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 30 5 VDRs VDRs NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 30 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 30 7 are be VBP cord-276942-dk1rk908 30 8 extensively extensively RB cord-276942-dk1rk908 30 9 distributed distribute VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 30 10 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 30 11 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 30 12 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 30 13 cells cell NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 30 14 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 30 15 immune immune JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 30 16 cells cell NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 30 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 30 18 B b NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 30 19 cell cell NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 30 20 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 30 21 T t NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 30 22 cell cell NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 30 23 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 30 24 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 30 25 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 30 26 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 30 27 monocytes monocyte NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 30 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 30 29 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 31 1 25-hydroxyvitamin 25-hydroxyvitamin CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 31 2 D D NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 31 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 31 4 25OHD 25ohd CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 31 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 31 6 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 31 7 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 31 8 major major JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 31 9 circulating circulate VBG cord-276942-dk1rk908 31 10 form form NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 31 11 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 31 12 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 31 13 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 31 14 can can MD cord-276942-dk1rk908 31 15 be be VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 31 16 converted convert VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 31 17 to to IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 31 18 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 31 19 active active JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 31 20 form form NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 31 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 31 22 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 31 23 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 31 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 31 25 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 31 26 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 31 27 bronchial bronchial JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 31 28 epithelium epithelium NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 31 29 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 31 30 immune immune JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 31 31 cells cell NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 31 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 31 33 19 19 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 31 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 31 35 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 32 1 The the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 32 2 enzyme enzyme NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 32 3 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 32 4 1α 1α CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 32 5 - - HYPH cord-276942-dk1rk908 32 6 Hydroxylase Hydroxylase NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 32 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 32 8 CYP27B1 cyp27b1 NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 32 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 32 10 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 32 11 required require VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 32 12 for for IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 32 13 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 32 14 D D NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 32 15 activation activation NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 32 16 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 32 17 is be VBZ cord-276942-dk1rk908 32 18 induced induce VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 32 19 by by IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 32 20 diverse diverse JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 32 21 stimuli stimulus NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 32 22 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 32 23 including include VBG cord-276942-dk1rk908 32 24 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 32 25 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 32 26 toll toll NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 32 27 - - HYPH cord-276942-dk1rk908 32 28 like like JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 32 29 receptor receptor NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 32 30 ligands ligand NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 32 31 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 32 32 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 32 33 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 32 34 tract tract NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 32 35 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 33 1 However however RB cord-276942-dk1rk908 33 2 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 33 3 adequate adequate JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 33 4 serum serum NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 33 5 levels level NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 33 6 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 33 7 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 33 8 is be VBZ cord-276942-dk1rk908 33 9 required require VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 33 10 to to TO cord-276942-dk1rk908 33 11 increase increase VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 33 12 levels level NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 33 13 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 33 14 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 33 15 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 33 16 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 33 17 consequently consequently RB cord-276942-dk1rk908 33 18 improve improve VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 33 19 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 33 20 immune immune JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 33 21 response response NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 33 22 to to IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 33 23 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 33 24 virus virus NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 33 25 infections infection NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 33 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 33 27 20 20 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 33 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 33 29 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 34 1 Type Type NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 34 2 - - HYPH cord-276942-dk1rk908 34 3 II II NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 34 4 pneumocytes pneumocyte NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 34 5 are be VBP cord-276942-dk1rk908 34 6 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 34 7 primary primary JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 34 8 target target NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 34 9 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 34 10 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 34 11 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 34 12 ACE2 ACE2 NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 34 13 receptors receptor NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 34 14 are be VBP cord-276942-dk1rk908 34 15 highly highly RB cord-276942-dk1rk908 34 16 expressed express VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 34 17 on on IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 34 18 these these DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 34 19 cells cell NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 34 20 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 35 1 Impaired impaired JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 35 2 function function NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 35 3 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 35 4 type type NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 35 5 - - HYPH cord-276942-dk1rk908 35 6 II II NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 35 7 pneumocytes pneumocyte NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 35 8 decrease decrease VBP cord-276942-dk1rk908 35 9 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 35 10 surfactant surfactant NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 35 11 level level NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 35 12 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 35 13 increase increase NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 35 14 surface surface NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 35 15 tension tension NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 35 16 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 35 17 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 35 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 35 19 21 21 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 35 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 35 21 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 36 1 Metabolites metabolite NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 36 2 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 36 3 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 36 4 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 36 5 have have VBP cord-276942-dk1rk908 36 6 been be VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 36 7 reported report VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 36 8 to to TO cord-276942-dk1rk908 36 9 stimulate stimulate VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 36 10 surfactant surfactant NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 36 11 synthesis synthesis NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 36 12 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 36 13 alveolar alveolar JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 36 14 type type NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 36 15 - - HYPH cord-276942-dk1rk908 36 16 II ii NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 36 17 cells cell NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 36 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 36 19 22 22 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 36 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 36 21 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 1 In in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 2 vitro vitro FW cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 3 culture culture NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 4 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 5 human human JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 6 fetal fetal NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 7 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 8 adult adult NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 9 alveolar alveolar JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 10 type type NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 11 - - HYPH cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 12 II ii NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 13 cells cell NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 14 with with IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 15 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 16 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 17 increased increase VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 18 VDR VDR NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 19 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 20 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 21 expression expression NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 22 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 23 surfactantassociated surfactantassociated JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 24 protein protein NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 25 B B NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 26 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 27 a a DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 28 lipid lipid NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 29 - - HYPH cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 30 associated associate VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 31 protein protein NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 32 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 33 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 34 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 35 surfactant surfactant NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 36 [ [ -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 37 23 23 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 39 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 40 indicating indicate VBG cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 41 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 42 potential potential NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 43 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 44 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 45 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 46 to to TO cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 47 reduce reduce VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 48 surface surface NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 49 tension tension NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 50 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 51 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 37 52 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 1 In in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 2 line line NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 3 with with IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 4 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 5 objective objective NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 6 to to TO cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 7 improve improve VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 8 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 9 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 10 status status NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 11 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 12 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 13 associated associate VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 14 outcomes outcome NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 15 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 16 patients patient NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 17 with with IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 18 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 19 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 20 studies study NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 21 have have VBP cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 22 shown show VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 23 treatment treatment NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 24 with with IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 25 high high JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 26 dose dose NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 27 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 28 250,000 250,000 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 29 - - SYM cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 30 500,000 500,000 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 31 IU IU NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 32 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 33 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 34 to to TO cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 35 be be VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 36 safe safe JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 37 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 38 mechanically mechanically RB cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 39 ventilated ventilate VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 40 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 41 critically critically RB cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 42 ill ill JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 43 patients patient NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 44 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 45 was be VBD cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 46 associated associate VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 47 with with IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 48 decreased decrease VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 49 hospital hospital NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 50 length length NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 51 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 52 stay stay NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 53 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 54 improved improved JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 55 ability ability NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 56 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 57 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 58 blood blood NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 59 to to TO cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 60 carry carry VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 61 oxygen oxygen NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 62 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 63 increased increase VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 64 hemoglobin hemoglobin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 65 levels level NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 66 [ [ -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 67 24 24 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 68 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 69 25 25 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 70 ] ] -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 38 71 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 1 The the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 2 risk risk NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 3 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 4 acute acute JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 5 viral viral JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 6 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 7 tract tract NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 8 infections infection NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 9 was be VBD cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 10 twofold twofold RB cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 11 less less JJR cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 12 if if IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 13 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 14 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 15 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 16 serum serum NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 17 levels level NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 18 were be VBD cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 19 ≥95 ≥95 NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 20 nmol nmol JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 21 / / SYM cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 22 L L NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 24 hazard hazard NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 25 ratio ratio NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 26 0.51 0.51 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 27 ; ; : cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 28 95 95 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 29 % % NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 30 CI ci NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 31 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 32 0.25 0.25 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 33 - - SYM cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 34 0.84 0.84 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 35 ; ; : cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 36 p p NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 37 < < XX cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 38 0.0001 0.0001 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 40 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 41 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 42 percentage percentage NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 43 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 44 sick sick JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 45 days day NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 46 was be VBD cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 47 five five CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 48 times time NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 49 less less JJR cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 51 0.80 0.80 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 52 % % NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 53 vs. vs. IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 54 3.9 3.9 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 55 % % NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 56 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 57 p p NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 58 = = SYM cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 59 0.02 0.02 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 60 ) ) -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 61 compared compare VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 62 with with IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 63 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 64 patients patient NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 65 with with IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 66 levels level NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 67 < < XX cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 68 95 95 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 69 nmol nmol JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 70 / / SYM cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 71 L l NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 72 [ [ -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 73 26 26 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 74 ] ] -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 39 75 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 40 1 To to IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 40 2 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-276942-dk1rk908 40 3 knowledge knowledge NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 40 4 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 40 5 no no DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 40 6 study study NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 40 7 to to IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 40 8 date date NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 40 9 has have VBZ cord-276942-dk1rk908 40 10 measured measure VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 40 11 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 40 12 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 40 13 levels level NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 40 14 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 40 15 performed perform VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 40 16 high high JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 40 17 - - HYPH cord-276942-dk1rk908 40 18 dose dose NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 40 19 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 40 20 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 40 21 treatment treatment NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 40 22 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 40 23 patients patient NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 40 24 with with IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 40 25 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 40 26 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 41 1 High high JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 41 2 prevalence prevalence NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 41 3 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 41 4 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 41 5 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 41 6 deficiency deficiency NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 41 7 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 41 8 elderly elderly JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 41 9 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 41 10 smokers smoker NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 41 11 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 41 12 patients patient NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 41 13 with with IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 41 14 chronic chronic JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 41 15 diseases disease NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 41 16 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 41 17 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 41 18 excess excess JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 41 19 uptake uptake NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 41 20 by by IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 41 21 adipose adipose JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 41 22 tissue tissue NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 41 23 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 41 24 obesity obesity NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 41 25 make make VBP cord-276942-dk1rk908 41 26 investigations investigation NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 41 27 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 41 28 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-276942-dk1rk908 41 29 role role NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 41 30 as as IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 41 31 a a DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 41 32 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 41 33 agent agent NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 41 34 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 41 35 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 41 36 conceivable conceivable JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 41 37 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 1 Accordingly accordingly RB cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 2 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 4 should should MD cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 5 be be VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 6 necessary necessary JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 7 to to TO cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 8 measure measure VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 9 serum serum NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 10 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 11 levels level NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 12 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 13 all all DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 14 inpatient inpatient JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 15 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 16 outpatient outpatient NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 17 populations population NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 18 with with IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 19 COVID-19 covid-19 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 20 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 21 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 22 different different JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 23 stages stage NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 24 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 25 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 26 disease disease NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 27 to to TO cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 28 identify identify VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 29 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 30 importance importance NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 31 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 32 maintaining maintain VBG cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 33 or or CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 34 promptly promptly RB cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 35 increasing increase VBG cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 36 circulating circulate VBG cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 37 levels level NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 38 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 39 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 40 into into IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 41 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 42 optimal optimal JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 43 range range NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 44 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 45 40 40 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 46 - - SYM cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 47 60 60 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 48 ng ng NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 49 / / SYM cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 50 ml ml NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 51 ( ( -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 52 100 100 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 53 - - SYM cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 54 150 150 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 55 nmol nmol JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 56 / / SYM cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 57 L l NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 58 ) ) -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 59 [ [ -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 60 27 27 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 61 ] ] -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 42 62 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 1 In in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 2 this this DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 3 regard regard NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 4 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 5 relationship relationship NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 6 between between IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 7 baseline baseline JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 8 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 9 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 10 status status NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 11 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 12 disease disease NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 13 severity severity NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 14 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 15 laboratory laboratory NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 16 biochemical biochemical JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 17 tests test NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 18 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 19 white white JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 20 blood blood NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 21 cell cell NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 22 count count NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 23 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 24 C c NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 25 - - HYPH cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 26 reactive reactive JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 27 protein protein NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 28 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 29 lymphocyte lymphocyte NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 30 count count NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 31 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 32 lactate lactate NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 33 dehydrogenase dehydrogenase NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 34 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 35 IL-6 IL-6 NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 36 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 37 platelet platelet NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 38 count count NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 39 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 40 albumin albumin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 41 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 42 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 43 serum serum NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 44 ferritin ferritin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 45 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 46 required require VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 47 hospitalization hospitalization NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 48 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 49 intensive intensive JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 50 care care NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 51 unit unit NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 52 admission admission NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 53 should should MD cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 54 be be VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 55 determined determine VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 43 56 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 44 1 This this DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 44 2 will will MD cord-276942-dk1rk908 44 3 help help VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 44 4 us -PRON- PRP cord-276942-dk1rk908 44 5 to to TO cord-276942-dk1rk908 44 6 identify identify VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 44 7 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 44 8 ability ability NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 44 9 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 44 10 low low JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 44 11 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 44 12 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 44 13 levels level NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 44 14 to to TO cord-276942-dk1rk908 44 15 risk risk NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 44 16 stratify stratify VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 44 17 patients patient NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 44 18 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 44 19 allow allow VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 44 20 for for IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 44 21 care care NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 44 22 to to TO cord-276942-dk1rk908 44 23 be be VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 44 24 provided provide VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 44 25 to to IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 44 26 those those DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 44 27 who who WP cord-276942-dk1rk908 44 28 are be VBP cord-276942-dk1rk908 44 29 at at IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 44 30 increased increase VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 44 31 risk risk NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 44 32 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 44 33 progression progression NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 44 34 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 45 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-276942-dk1rk908 45 2 acknowledge acknowledge VBP cord-276942-dk1rk908 45 3 that that IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 45 4 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 45 5 primary primary JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 45 6 stage stage NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 45 7 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 45 8 treating treat VBG cord-276942-dk1rk908 45 9 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 45 10 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 45 11 deficiency deficiency NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 45 12 is be VBZ cord-276942-dk1rk908 45 13 to to TO cord-276942-dk1rk908 45 14 measure measure VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 45 15 a a DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 45 16 baseline baseline JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 45 17 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 45 18 serum serum NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 45 19 levels level NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 45 20 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 45 21 then then RB cord-276942-dk1rk908 45 22 consider consider VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 45 23 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 45 24 supplementation supplementation NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 45 25 dose dose NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 45 26 based base VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 45 27 on on IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 45 28 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 45 29 target target NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 45 30 level level NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 45 31 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 45 32 how how WRB cord-276942-dk1rk908 45 33 rapidly rapidly RB cord-276942-dk1rk908 45 34 that that DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 45 35 level level NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 45 36 must must MD cord-276942-dk1rk908 45 37 be be VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 45 38 reached reach VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 45 39 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 1 However however RB cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 2 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 3 based base VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 4 on on IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 5 previous previous JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 6 studies study NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 7 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 8 patients patient NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 9 with with IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 10 reparatory reparatory NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 11 disease disease NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 12 [ [ -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 13 28 28 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 14 ] ] -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 15 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 16 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 17 order order NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 18 to to TO cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 19 quickly quickly RB cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 20 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 21 safely safely RB cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 22 increase increase VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 23 serum serum NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 24 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 25 levels level NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 26 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 27 we -PRON- PRP cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 28 recommend recommend VBP cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 29 patients patient NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 30 with with IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 31 low low JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 32 circulating circulate VBG cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 33 levels level NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 35 below below IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 36 50 50 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 37 nmol nmol JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 38 / / SYM cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 39 L l NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 41 should should MD cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 42 be be VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 43 offered offer VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 44 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 45 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 46 supplementation supplementation NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 47 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 48 50,000 50,000 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 49 IU IU NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 50 twice twice PDT cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 51 a a DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 52 week week NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 53 at at IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 54 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 55 diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 56 ( ( -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 57 100,000 100,000 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 58 IU IU NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 59 total total NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 60 ) ) -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 46 61 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 47 1 Overall overall RB cord-276942-dk1rk908 47 2 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 47 3 doses dose NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 47 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 47 5 32 32 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 47 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 47 7 420 420 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 47 8 patients patient NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 47 9 ≥65 ≥65 VBP cord-276942-dk1rk908 47 10 years year NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 47 11 old old JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 47 12 admitted admit VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 47 13 to to IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 47 14 rehabilitation rehabilitation NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 47 15 centers center NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 47 16 Deficiency deficiency NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 47 17 : : : cord-276942-dk1rk908 48 1 < < XX cord-276942-dk1rk908 48 2 50 50 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 49 1 nmol nmol NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 49 2 / / SYM cord-276942-dk1rk908 49 3 L L NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 49 4 Insufficiency Insufficiency NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 49 5 : : : cord-276942-dk1rk908 49 6 50 50 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 49 7 - - SYM cord-276942-dk1rk908 49 8 75 75 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 49 9 nmol nmol JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 49 10 / / SYM cord-276942-dk1rk908 49 11 L l NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 49 12 94.3 94.3 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 49 13 % % NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 49 14 81.2 81.2 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 49 15 % % NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 49 16 United United NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 49 17 States States NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 50 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 50 2 33 33 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 50 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 50 4 26010 26010 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 50 5 adults adult NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 50 6 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 50 7 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 50 8 National National NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 50 9 Health Health NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 50 10 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 50 11 Nutrition Nutrition NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 50 12 Examination Examination NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 50 13 Survey Survey NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 50 14 2001 2001 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 50 15 - - SYM cord-276942-dk1rk908 50 16 2010 2010 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 50 17 Deficiency deficiency NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 50 18 : : : cord-276942-dk1rk908 50 19 < < XX cord-276942-dk1rk908 50 20 50 50 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 50 21 nmol nmol JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 50 22 / / SYM cord-276942-dk1rk908 50 23 L L NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 50 24 Insufficiency Insufficiency NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 50 25 : : : cord-276942-dk1rk908 50 26 50 50 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 50 27 - - SYM cord-276942-dk1rk908 50 28 75 75 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 50 29 nmol nmol JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 50 30 / / SYM cord-276942-dk1rk908 50 31 L l NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 51 1 28.9 28.9 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 51 2 % % NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 51 3 41.4 41.4 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 51 4 % % NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 51 5 France France NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 51 6 [ [ -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 51 7 34 34 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 51 8 ] ] -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 51 9 297 297 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 51 10 subjects subject NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 51 11 studied study VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 51 12 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 51 13 January January NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 51 14 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 51 15 February February NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 51 16 2015 2015 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 51 17 Deficiency deficiency NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 51 18 : : : cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 1 < < XX cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 2 50 50 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 3 nmol nmol JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 4 / / SYM cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 5 L L NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 6 75.1 75.1 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 7 % % NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 8 United United NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 9 Kingdom Kingdom NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 11 35 35 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 12 ] ] -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 13 278 278 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 14 patients patient NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 15 with with IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 16 chronic chronic JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 17 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 18 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 19 disease disease NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 20 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 21 aged aged JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 22 41 41 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 23 - - SYM cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 24 92 92 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 25 years year NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 26 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 27 London London NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 28 Deficiency deficiency NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 29 : : : cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 30 < < XX cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 31 50 50 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 32 nmol nmol JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 33 / / SYM cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 34 L L NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 35 61.5 61.5 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 36 % % NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 37 above above IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 38 6000 6000 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 39 IU IU NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 40 / / , cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 41 d d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 42 are be VBP cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 43 needed need VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 44 to to TO cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 45 achieve achieve VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 46 serum serum NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 47 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 48 concentrations concentration NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 49 above above IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 50 100 100 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 51 nmol nmol JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 52 / / SYM cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 53 L l NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 54 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 55 intakes intake NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 56 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 57 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 52 58 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 53 1 up up IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 53 2 to to TO cord-276942-dk1rk908 53 3 15,000 15,000 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 53 4 IU IU NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 53 5 / / , cord-276942-dk1rk908 53 6 d d NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 53 7 were be VBD cord-276942-dk1rk908 53 8 found find VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 53 9 to to TO cord-276942-dk1rk908 53 10 be be VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 53 11 safe safe JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 53 12 [ [ -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 53 13 29 29 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 53 14 ] ] -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 53 15 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 54 1 Association association NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 54 2 between between IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 54 3 patients patient NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 54 4 ' ' POS cord-276942-dk1rk908 54 5 initial initial JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 54 6 response response NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 54 7 to to IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 54 8 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 54 9 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 54 10 supplementation supplementation NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 54 11 with with IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 54 12 disease disease NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 54 13 progression progression NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 54 14 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 54 15 recovery recovery NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 54 16 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 54 17 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 54 18 various various JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 54 19 clinical clinical JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 54 20 outcomes outcome NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 54 21 need need VBP cord-276942-dk1rk908 54 22 to to TO cord-276942-dk1rk908 54 23 be be VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 54 24 investigated investigate VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 54 25 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 55 1 Following follow VBG cord-276942-dk1rk908 55 2 100,000 100,000 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 55 3 IU IU NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 55 4 start start NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 55 5 dose dose NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 55 6 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 55 7 we -PRON- PRP cord-276942-dk1rk908 55 8 propose propose VBP cord-276942-dk1rk908 55 9 patients patient NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 55 10 to to TO cord-276942-dk1rk908 55 11 continue continue VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 55 12 with with IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 55 13 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 55 14 dose dose NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 55 15 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 55 16 50,000 50,000 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 55 17 IU IU NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 55 18 taken take VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 55 19 once once RB cord-276942-dk1rk908 55 20 a a DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 55 21 week week NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 55 22 for for IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 55 23 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 55 24 second second JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 55 25 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 55 26 third third JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 55 27 weeks week NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 55 28 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 56 1 Following follow VBG cord-276942-dk1rk908 56 2 doses dose NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 56 3 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 56 4 50,000 50,000 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 56 5 IU IU NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 56 6 is be VBZ cord-276942-dk1rk908 56 7 suggested suggest VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 56 8 to to TO cord-276942-dk1rk908 56 9 achieve achieve VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 56 10 optimal optimal JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 56 11 levels level NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 56 12 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 56 13 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 56 14 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 56 15 patients patient NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 56 16 with with IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 56 17 poor poor JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 56 18 baseline baseline JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 56 19 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 56 20 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 56 21 status status NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 56 22 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 57 1 Supplemented supplement VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 57 2 patients patient NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 57 3 should should MD cord-276942-dk1rk908 57 4 be be VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 57 5 monitored monitor VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 57 6 to to TO cord-276942-dk1rk908 57 7 ensure ensure VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 57 8 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-276942-dk1rk908 57 9 circulating circulate VBG cord-276942-dk1rk908 57 10 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 57 11 levels level NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 57 12 are be VBP cord-276942-dk1rk908 57 13 normalized normalize VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 57 14 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 57 15 sustained sustain VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 57 16 for for IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 57 17 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 57 18 duration duration NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 57 19 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 57 20 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 57 21 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 57 22 pandemic pandemic NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 57 23 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 58 1 This this DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 58 2 suggested suggest VBD cord-276942-dk1rk908 58 3 plan plan NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 58 4 presents present VBZ cord-276942-dk1rk908 58 5 important important JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 58 6 challenges challenge NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 58 7 to to TO cord-276942-dk1rk908 58 8 identify identify VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 58 9 how how WRB cord-276942-dk1rk908 58 10 disease disease NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 58 11 features feature NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 58 12 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 58 13 progression progression NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 58 14 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 58 15 hospital hospital NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 58 16 admission admission NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 58 17 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 58 18 length length NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 58 19 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 58 20 stay stay NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 58 21 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 58 22 duration duration NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 58 23 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 58 24 mechanical mechanical JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 58 25 ventilation ventilation NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 58 26 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 58 27 hospital hospital NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 58 28 mortality mortality NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 58 29 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 58 30 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 58 31 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 58 32 failure failure NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 58 33 differ differ VBP cord-276942-dk1rk908 58 34 between between IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 58 35 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 58 36 early early JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 58 37 responder responder NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 58 38 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 58 39 nonresponder nonresponder NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 58 40 groups group NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 58 41 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 59 1 Due due IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 59 2 to to IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 59 3 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 59 4 lack lack NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 59 5 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 59 6 data datum NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 59 7 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 59 8 symptomatic symptomatic JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 59 9 management management NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 59 10 is be VBZ cord-276942-dk1rk908 59 11 used use VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 59 12 for for IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 59 13 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 59 14 infection infection NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 59 15 including include VBG cord-276942-dk1rk908 59 16 oxygen oxygen NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 59 17 therapy therapy NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 59 18 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 59 19 mechanical mechanical JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 59 20 ventilation ventilation NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 59 21 for for IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 59 22 those those DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 59 23 with with IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 59 24 severe severe JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 59 25 infection infection NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 59 26 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 1 Considering consider VBG cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 2 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 3 range range NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 4 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 5 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 6 effects effect NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 7 ascribed ascribe VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 8 to to IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 9 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 10 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 11 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 12 it -PRON- PRP cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 13 is be VBZ cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 14 safety safety NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 15 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 16 ease ease NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 17 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 18 administration administration NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 19 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 20 as as RB cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 21 well well RB cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 22 as as IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 23 direct direct JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 24 effects effect NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 25 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 26 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 27 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 28 on on IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 29 immune immune JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 30 cell cell NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 31 proliferation proliferation NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 32 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 33 activity activity NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 34 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 35 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 36 ACE2 ACE2 NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 37 expression expression NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 38 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 39 reducing reduce VBG cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 40 surface surface NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 41 tension tension NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 42 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 43 evaluation evaluation NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 44 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 45 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 46 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 47 supplementation supplementation NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 48 as as IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 49 an an DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 50 adjuvant adjuvant JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 51 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 52 intervention intervention NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 53 could could MD cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 54 be be VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 55 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 56 substantial substantial JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 57 clinical clinical JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 58 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 59 economic economic JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 60 significance significance NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 60 61 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 61 1 Empiric empiric NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 61 2 intervention intervention NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 61 3 with with IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 61 4 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 61 5 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 61 6 is be VBZ cord-276942-dk1rk908 61 7 a a DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 61 8 clinical clinical JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 61 9 decision decision NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 61 10 that that WDT cord-276942-dk1rk908 61 11 can can MD cord-276942-dk1rk908 61 12 be be VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 61 13 justified justify VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 61 14 by by IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 61 15 low low JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 61 16 serum serum NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 61 17 levels level NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 61 18 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 61 19 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 61 20 risk risk NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 61 21 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 61 22 impaired impaired JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 61 23 immune immune JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 61 24 system system NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 61 25 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 62 1 Importantly importantly RB cord-276942-dk1rk908 62 2 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 62 3 improvement improvement NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 62 4 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 62 5 circulating circulate VBG cord-276942-dk1rk908 62 6 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 62 7 levels level NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 62 8 opens open VBZ cord-276942-dk1rk908 62 9 possibilities possibility NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 62 10 for for IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 62 11 slowing slow VBG cord-276942-dk1rk908 62 12 disease disease NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 62 13 progression progression NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 62 14 or or CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 62 15 even even RB cord-276942-dk1rk908 62 16 improving improve VBG cord-276942-dk1rk908 62 17 survival survival NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 62 18 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 62 19 patients patient NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 62 20 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 1 In in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 2 summary summary NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 3 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 4 given give VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 5 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 6 high high JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 7 prevalence prevalence NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 8 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 9 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 10 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 11 deficiency deficiency NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 12 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 13 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 14 order order NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 15 to to TO cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 16 rapidly rapidly RB cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 17 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 18 safely safely RB cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 19 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 20 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 21 significantly significantly RB cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 22 raise raise VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 23 serum serum NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 24 concentrations concentration NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 25 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 26 high high JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 27 - - HYPH cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 28 dose dose NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 29 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 30 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 31 intervention intervention NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 32 with with IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 33 potential potential JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 34 benefit benefit NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 35 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 36 decreasing decrease VBG cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 37 risk risk NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 38 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 39 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 40 severity severity NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 41 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 42 mortality mortality NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 43 is be VBZ cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 44 suggested suggest VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 45 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 46 which which WDT cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 47 is be VBZ cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 48 a a DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 49 safe safe JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 50 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 51 noninvasive noninvasive JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 52 treatment treatment NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 63 53 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 64 1 Patients patient NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 64 2 would would MD cord-276942-dk1rk908 64 3 take take VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 64 4 large large JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 64 5 doses dose NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 64 6 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 64 7 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 64 8 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 64 9 for for IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 64 10 a a DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 64 11 week week NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 64 12 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 64 13 followed follow VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 64 14 by by IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 64 15 several several JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 64 16 thousand thousand CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 64 17 IU IU NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 64 18 / / , cord-276942-dk1rk908 64 19 d d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 64 20 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 64 21 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 64 22 for for IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 64 23 a a DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 64 24 period period NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 64 25 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 64 26 2 2 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 64 27 weeks week NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 64 28 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 65 1 This this DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 65 2 will will MD cord-276942-dk1rk908 65 3 provide provide VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 65 4 a a DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 65 5 quick quick JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 65 6 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 65 7 sustainable sustainable JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 65 8 restoration restoration NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 65 9 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 65 10 serum serum NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 65 11 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 65 12 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 65 13 levels level NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 65 14 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 65 15 thus thus RB cord-276942-dk1rk908 65 16 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 65 17 potentially potentially RB cord-276942-dk1rk908 65 18 triggering trigger VBG cord-276942-dk1rk908 65 19 an an DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 65 20 improvement improvement NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 65 21 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 65 22 clinical clinical JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 65 23 status status NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 65 24 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 65 25 prognosis prognosis NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 65 26 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 66 1 However however RB cord-276942-dk1rk908 66 2 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 66 3 prospective prospective JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 66 4 clinical clinical JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 66 5 studies study NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 66 6 are be VBP cord-276942-dk1rk908 66 7 required require VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 66 8 to to TO cord-276942-dk1rk908 66 9 address address VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 66 10 this this DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 66 11 speculation speculation NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 66 12 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 66 13 overcome overcome VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 66 14 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 66 15 obstacles obstacle NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 66 16 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 66 17 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-276942-dk1rk908 66 18 current current JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 66 19 understanding understanding NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 66 20 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 66 21 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 66 22 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 66 23 role role NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 66 24 as as IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 66 25 an an DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 66 26 adjuvant adjuvant NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 66 27 therapy therapy NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 66 28 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 66 29 patients patient NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 66 30 with with IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 66 31 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 66 32 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 67 1 Conflict conflict NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 67 2 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 67 3 interest interest NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 68 1 The the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 68 2 authors author NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 68 3 declare declare VBP cord-276942-dk1rk908 68 4 that that IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 68 5 they -PRON- PRP cord-276942-dk1rk908 68 6 have have VBP cord-276942-dk1rk908 68 7 no no DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 68 8 conflict conflict NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 68 9 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 68 10 interest interest NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 68 11 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 69 1 Publisher publisher NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 69 2 's 's POS cord-276942-dk1rk908 69 3 note note NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 69 4 Springer Springer NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 69 5 Nature Nature NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 69 6 remains remain VBZ cord-276942-dk1rk908 69 7 neutral neutral JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 69 8 with with IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 69 9 regard regard NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 69 10 to to IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 69 11 jurisdictional jurisdictional JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 69 12 claims claim NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 69 13 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 69 14 published publish VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 69 15 maps map NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 69 16 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 69 17 institutional institutional JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 69 18 affiliations affiliation NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 69 19 . . . cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 1 SARS SARS NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 2 - - HYPH cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 3 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 4 Cell cell NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 5 entry entry NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 6 depends depend VBZ cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 7 on on IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 8 ACE2 ACE2 NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 9 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 10 TMPRSS2 TMPRSS2 NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 11 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 12 is be VBZ cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 13 blocked block VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 14 by by IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 15 a a DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 16 clinically clinically RB cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 17 proven prove VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 18 protease protease NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 19 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 20 Induction Induction NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 21 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 22 pro pro JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 23 - - JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 24 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 25 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 27 IL-1 IL-1 NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 28 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 29 IL-6 IL-6 NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 31 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 32 lung lung NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 33 inflammation inflammation NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 34 by by IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 35 Coronavirus-19 Coronavirus-19 NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 37 COVI-19 COVI-19 NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 38 or or CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 39 SARS SARS NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 40 - - HYPH cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 41 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 43 : : : cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 44 anti anti JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 45 - - JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 46 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 70 47 strategies strategy NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 1 Di Di NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 2 Napoli Napoli NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 3 R. R. NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 4 Features Features NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 5 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 6 evaluation evaluation NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 7 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 8 treatment treatment NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 9 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 11 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 13 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 14 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 15 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 16 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 17 health health NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 18 Severe severe JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 19 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 20 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 21 deficiency deficiency NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 22 is be VBZ cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 23 a a DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 24 prognostic prognostic JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 25 biomarker biomarker NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 26 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 27 autoimmune autoimmune JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 28 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 29 Evolving Evolving NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 30 role role NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 31 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 32 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 33 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 34 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 35 immune immune NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 36 - - HYPH cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 37 mediated mediate VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 38 disease disease NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 39 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 40 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 41 implications implication NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 42 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 43 autoimmune autoimmune JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 44 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 45 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 46 D D NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 47 deficiency deficiency NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 48 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 49 patients patient NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 50 with with IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 51 common common JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 52 variable variable JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 53 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 54 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 55 with with IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 56 autoimmune autoimmune JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 57 diseases disease NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 58 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 71 59 bronchiectasis bronchiectasis NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 72 1 The the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 72 2 role role NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 72 3 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 72 4 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 72 5 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 72 6 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 72 7 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 72 8 aging age VBG cord-276942-dk1rk908 72 9 adult adult NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 72 10 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 72 11 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 72 12 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 72 13 calcium calcium NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 72 14 deficits deficit NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 72 15 predispose predispose VBP cord-276942-dk1rk908 72 16 for for IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 72 17 multiple multiple JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 72 18 chronic chronic JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 72 19 diseases disease NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 1 The the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 2 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 3 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 4 dose dose NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 5 response response NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 6 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 7 obesity obesity NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 8 Smoking smoking NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 9 is be VBZ cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 10 a a DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 11 significant significant JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 12 determinant determinant NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 13 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 14 low low JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 15 serum serum NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 16 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 17 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 18 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 19 young young JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 20 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 21 middle middle JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 22 - - HYPH cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 23 aged aged JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 24 healthy healthy JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 25 males male NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 26 COVID-19 covid-19 VBP cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 27 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 28 African african JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 29 Americans Americans NNPS cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 30 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 31 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 32 status status NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 33 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 34 black black JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 35 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 36 white white JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 37 Americans Americans NNPS cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 38 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 39 changes change NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 40 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 41 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 42 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 43 metabolites metabolite NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 44 after after IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 45 varied varied JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 46 doses dose NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 47 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 48 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 49 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 50 supplementation supplementation NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 51 Sunlight sunlight NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 52 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 53 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 54 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 55 : : : cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 56 a a DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 57 global global JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 58 perspective perspective NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 59 for for IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 60 health health NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 61 Temperature temperature NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 62 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 63 humidity humidity NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 64 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 65 latitude latitude NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 66 analysis analysis NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 67 to to TO cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 68 predict predict VB cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 69 potential potential JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 70 spread spread NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 71 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 72 seasonality seasonality NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 73 for for IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 74 Epidemic epidemic NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 75 influenza influenza NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 76 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 73 77 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 74 1 D D NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 74 2 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 74 3 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 74 4 effects effect NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 74 5 on on IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 74 6 lung lung NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 74 7 immunity immunity NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 74 8 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 74 9 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 74 10 diseases disease NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 1 Perspective perspective NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 2 : : : cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 3 improving improve VBG cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 4 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 5 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 6 status status NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 7 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 8 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 9 management management NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 10 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 11 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 12 Vitamin Vitamin NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 13 D D NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 14 alleviates alleviate VBZ cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 15 lipopolysaccharideinduced lipopolysaccharideinduced JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 16 acute acute JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 17 lung lung NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 18 injury injury NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 19 via via IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 20 regulation regulation NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 21 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 22 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 23 reninangiotensin reninangiotensin NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 24 system system NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 25 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 26 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 27 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 28 lung lung NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 29 disease disease NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 30 Modulation modulation NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 31 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 32 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 33 immune immune JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 34 response response NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 35 to to IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 36 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 37 viruses virus NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 38 by by IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 39 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 40 D D NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 41 Angiotensin Angiotensin NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 42 converting convert VBG cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 43 enzyme enzyme NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 44 2 2 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 45 as as IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 46 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 47 molecular molecular JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 48 bridge bridge NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 49 between between IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 50 epidemiologic epidemiologic JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 51 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 52 clinical clinical JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 53 features feature NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 54 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 55 COVID-19 covid-19 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 56 25-dihydroxy-3-epi 25-dihydroxy-3-epi CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 57 - - HYPH cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 58 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 59 D3 D3 NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 60 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 61 a a DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 62 natural natural JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 63 metabolite metabolite NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 64 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 65 1alpha,25-dihydroxy 1alpha,25-dihydroxy CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 66 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 67 D3 D3 NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 68 : : : cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 69 production production NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 70 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 71 biological biological JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 72 activity activity NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 73 studies study NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 74 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 75 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 76 alveolar alveolar NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 77 type type NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 78 II ii CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 79 cells cell NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 80 Regulation regulation NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 81 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 82 human human JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 83 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 84 surfactant surfactant NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 85 protein protein NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 86 gene gene NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 87 expression expression NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 88 by by IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 89 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 90 D3 D3 NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 91 High High NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 92 dose dose NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 93 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 94 D D NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 95 administration administration NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 96 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 97 ventilated ventilate VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 98 intensive intensive JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 99 care care NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 100 unit unit NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 101 patients patient NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 102 : : : cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 103 a a DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 104 pilot pilot NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 105 double double JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 106 blind blind JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 107 randomized randomized JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 108 controlled control VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 109 Trial Trial NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 110 High High NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 111 - - HYPH cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 112 dose dose NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 113 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 114 D3 D3 NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 115 administration administration NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 116 is be VBZ cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 117 associated associate VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 118 with with IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 119 increases increase NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 120 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 121 hemoglobin hemoglobin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 122 concentrations concentration NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 123 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 124 mechanically mechanically RB cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 125 ventilated ventilate VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 126 critically critically RB cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 127 Ill ill JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 128 adults adult NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 129 : : : cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 130 a a DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 131 pilot pilot NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 132 double double JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 133 - - HYPH cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 134 blind blind JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 135 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 136 randomized randomized JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 137 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 138 placebo placebo NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 139 - - HYPH cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 140 controlled control VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 141 trial trial NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 142 Serum serum NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 143 25-hydroxyvitamin 25-hydroxyvitamin CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 144 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 145 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 146 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 147 incidence incidence NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 148 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 149 acute acute JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 150 viral viral JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 151 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 152 tract tract NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 153 infections infection NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 154 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 155 healthy healthy JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 75 156 adults adult NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 1 The the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 2 importance importance NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 3 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 4 body body NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 5 weight weight NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 6 for for IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 7 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 8 dose dose JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 9 response response NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 10 relationship relationship NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 11 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 12 oral oral JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 13 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 14 D D NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 15 supplementation supplementation NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 16 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 17 serum serum NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 18 25-hydroxyvitamin 25-hydroxyvitamin CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 19 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 20 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 21 healthy healthy JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 22 volunteers volunteer NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 23 Influence influence NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 24 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 25 a a DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 26 single single JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 27 oral oral JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 28 dose dose NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 29 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 30 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 31 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 33 2 2 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 35 on on IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 36 serum serum NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 37 25-hydroxyvitamin 25-hydroxyvitamin CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 38 D D NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 39 concentrations concentration NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 40 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 41 tuberculosis tuberculosis NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 42 patients patient NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 43 Evaluation Evaluation NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 44 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 45 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 46 D3 D3 NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 47 intakes intake NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 48 up up RP cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 49 to to IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 50 15,000 15,000 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 51 international international JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 52 units unit NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 53 / / SYM cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 54 day day NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 55 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 56 serum serum NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 57 25-hydroxyvitamin 25-hydroxyvitamin CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 58 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 59 concentrations concentration NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 60 up up IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 61 to to TO cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 62 300 300 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 63 nmol nmol NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 64 / / SYM cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 65 L l NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 66 on on IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 67 calcium calcium NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 68 metabolism metabolism NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 69 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 70 a a DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 71 community community NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 72 setting set VBG cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 73 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 74 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 75 deficiency deficiency NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 76 as as IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 77 a a DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 78 potential potential JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 79 marker marker NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 80 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 81 benign benign JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 82 prostatic prostatic JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 83 hyperplasia hyperplasia NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 84 High high JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 85 prevalence prevalence NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 86 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 87 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 88 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 89 deficiency deficiency NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 90 among among IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 91 iranian iranian JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 92 population population NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 93 : : : cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 94 a a DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 95 systematic systematic JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 96 review review NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 97 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 98 meta meta NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 99 - - HYPH cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 100 analysis analysis NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 101 25(OH 25(oh CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 102 ) ) -RRB- cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 103 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 104 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 105 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 106 functional functional JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 107 outcomes outcome NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 108 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 109 older old JJR cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 110 adults adult NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 111 admitted admit VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 112 to to IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 113 rehabilitation rehabilitation NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 114 units unit NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 115 : : : cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 116 the the DT cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 117 safari safari NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 118 study study NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 119 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 120 D D NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 121 deficiency deficiency NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 122 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 123 insufficiency insufficiency NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 124 among among IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 125 US US NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 126 adults adult NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 127 : : : cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 128 prevalence prevalence NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 129 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 130 predictors predictor NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 131 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 132 clinical clinical JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 76 133 implications implication NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 77 1 Prevalence prevalence NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 77 2 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 77 3 risk risk NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 77 4 factors factor NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 77 5 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 77 6 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 77 7 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 77 8 deficiency deficiency NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 77 9 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 77 10 healthy healthy JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 77 11 adults adult NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 77 12 aged age VBN cord-276942-dk1rk908 77 13 18 18 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 77 14 - - SYM cord-276942-dk1rk908 77 15 65 65 CD cord-276942-dk1rk908 77 16 years year NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 77 17 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 77 18 northern northern JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 77 19 France France NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 77 20 Prevalence Prevalence NNP cord-276942-dk1rk908 77 21 , , , cord-276942-dk1rk908 77 22 determinants determinant NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 77 23 and and CC cord-276942-dk1rk908 77 24 clinical clinical JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 77 25 correlates correlate NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 77 26 of of IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 77 27 vitamin vitamin NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 77 28 D d NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 77 29 deficiency deficiency NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 77 30 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 77 31 patients patient NNS cord-276942-dk1rk908 77 32 with with IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 77 33 chronic chronic JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 77 34 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 77 35 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-276942-dk1rk908 77 36 disease disease NN cord-276942-dk1rk908 77 37 in in IN cord-276942-dk1rk908 77 38 London London NNP