id sid tid token lemma pos cord-271495-5906wju4 1 1 key key NN cord-271495-5906wju4 1 2 : : : cord-271495-5906wju4 2 1 cord-271495 cord-271495 NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 2 2 - - HYPH cord-271495-5906wju4 2 3 5906wju4 5906wju4 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 2 4 authors author NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 2 5 : : : cord-271495-5906wju4 2 6 Beldomenico Beldomenico NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 2 7 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 2 8 Pablo Pablo NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 2 9 M. M. NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 2 10 title title NN cord-271495-5906wju4 2 11 : : : cord-271495-5906wju4 2 12 Do do VB cord-271495-5906wju4 2 13 superspreaders superspreader NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 2 14 generate generate VB cord-271495-5906wju4 2 15 new new JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 2 16 superspreaders superspreader NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 2 17 ? ? . cord-271495-5906wju4 3 1 a a DT cord-271495-5906wju4 3 2 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-271495-5906wju4 3 3 to to TO cord-271495-5906wju4 3 4 explain explain VB cord-271495-5906wju4 3 5 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 3 6 propagation propagation NN cord-271495-5906wju4 3 7 pattern pattern NN cord-271495-5906wju4 3 8 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 3 9 COVID-19 covid-19 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 3 10 date date NN cord-271495-5906wju4 3 11 : : : cord-271495-5906wju4 3 12 2020 2020 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 3 13 - - HYPH cord-271495-5906wju4 3 14 05 05 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 3 15 - - HYPH cord-271495-5906wju4 3 16 11 11 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 3 17 journal journal NN cord-271495-5906wju4 3 18 : : : cord-271495-5906wju4 4 1 Int Int NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 4 2 J J NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 4 3 Infect infect VB cord-271495-5906wju4 4 4 Dis Dis NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 4 5 DOI doi NN cord-271495-5906wju4 4 6 : : : cord-271495-5906wju4 5 1 10.1016 10.1016 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 5 2 / / SYM cord-271495-5906wju4 5 3 j.ijid.2020.05.025 j.ijid.2020.05.025 NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 5 4 sha sha NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 5 5 : : : cord-271495-5906wju4 6 1 79d0caee8ebd59d1006f9eb640580128567f325d 79d0caee8ebd59d1006f9eb640580128567f325d NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 6 2 doc_id doc_id CD cord-271495-5906wju4 6 3 : : : cord-271495-5906wju4 7 1 271495 271495 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 7 2 cord_uid cord_uid FW cord-271495-5906wju4 7 3 : : : cord-271495-5906wju4 8 1 5906wju4 5906wju4 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 9 1 Abstract Abstract NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 10 1 The the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 10 2 current current JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 10 3 global global JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 10 4 propagation propagation NN cord-271495-5906wju4 10 5 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 10 6 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 10 7 is be VBZ cord-271495-5906wju4 10 8 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 10 9 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 10 10 with with IN cord-271495-5906wju4 10 11 slow slow JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 10 12 transmission transmission NN cord-271495-5906wju4 10 13 continuing continue VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 10 14 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 10 15 many many JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 10 16 countries country NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 10 17 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 10 18 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 10 19 exponential exponential JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 10 20 propagation propagation NN cord-271495-5906wju4 10 21 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 10 22 others other NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 10 23 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 10 24 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 10 25 which which WDT cord-271495-5906wju4 10 26 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 10 27 time time NN cord-271495-5906wju4 10 28 that that WDT cord-271495-5906wju4 10 29 took take VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 10 30 to to TO cord-271495-5906wju4 10 31 begin begin VB cord-271495-5906wju4 10 32 this this DT cord-271495-5906wju4 10 33 explosive explosive JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 10 34 spread spread NN cord-271495-5906wju4 10 35 varies vary VBZ cord-271495-5906wju4 10 36 greatly greatly RB cord-271495-5906wju4 10 37 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 11 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-271495-5906wju4 11 2 is be VBZ cord-271495-5906wju4 11 3 proposed propose VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 11 4 that that IN cord-271495-5906wju4 11 5 this this DT cord-271495-5906wju4 11 6 could could MD cord-271495-5906wju4 11 7 be be VB cord-271495-5906wju4 11 8 explained explain VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 11 9 by by IN cord-271495-5906wju4 11 10 cascading cascade VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 11 11 superspreading superspreading NN cord-271495-5906wju4 11 12 events event NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 11 13 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 11 14 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 11 15 which which WDT cord-271495-5906wju4 11 16 new new JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 11 17 infections infection NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 11 18 caused cause VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 11 19 by by IN cord-271495-5906wju4 11 20 a a DT cord-271495-5906wju4 11 21 superspreader superspreader NN cord-271495-5906wju4 11 22 are be VBP cord-271495-5906wju4 11 23 more more RBR cord-271495-5906wju4 11 24 likely likely JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 11 25 to to TO cord-271495-5906wju4 11 26 be be VB cord-271495-5906wju4 11 27 highly highly RB cord-271495-5906wju4 11 28 infectious infectious JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 11 29 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 12 1 The the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 12 2 mechanism mechanism NN cord-271495-5906wju4 12 3 suggested suggest VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 12 4 for for IN cord-271495-5906wju4 12 5 this this DT cord-271495-5906wju4 12 6 is be VBZ cord-271495-5906wju4 12 7 related relate VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 12 8 to to IN cord-271495-5906wju4 12 9 viral viral JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 12 10 loads load NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 12 11 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 13 1 Exposure exposure NN cord-271495-5906wju4 13 2 to to IN cord-271495-5906wju4 13 3 high high JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 13 4 viral viral JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 13 5 loads load NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 13 6 may may MD cord-271495-5906wju4 13 7 result result VB cord-271495-5906wju4 13 8 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 13 9 infections infection NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 13 10 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 13 11 high high JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 13 12 intensity intensity NN cord-271495-5906wju4 13 13 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 13 14 which which WDT cord-271495-5906wju4 13 15 exposes expose VBZ cord-271495-5906wju4 13 16 new new JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 13 17 cases case NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 13 18 to to IN cord-271495-5906wju4 13 19 high high JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 13 20 viral viral JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 13 21 loads load NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 13 22 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 13 23 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 13 24 so so RB cord-271495-5906wju4 13 25 on on RB cord-271495-5906wju4 13 26 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 14 1 This this DT cord-271495-5906wju4 14 2 notion notion NN cord-271495-5906wju4 14 3 is be VBZ cord-271495-5906wju4 14 4 supported support VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 14 5 by by IN cord-271495-5906wju4 14 6 experimental experimental JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 14 7 veterinary veterinary JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 14 8 research research NN cord-271495-5906wju4 14 9 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 15 1 J J NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 15 2 o o NN cord-271495-5906wju4 15 3 u u NN cord-271495-5906wju4 15 4 r r NN cord-271495-5906wju4 15 5 n n NN cord-271495-5906wju4 15 6 a a DT cord-271495-5906wju4 15 7 l l NN cord-271495-5906wju4 15 8 P p NN cord-271495-5906wju4 15 9 r r NN cord-271495-5906wju4 15 10 e e NN cord-271495-5906wju4 16 1 -p -p NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 16 2 r r NN cord-271495-5906wju4 16 3 o o NN cord-271495-5906wju4 16 4 o o NN cord-271495-5906wju4 16 5 f f NN cord-271495-5906wju4 16 6 3 3 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 16 7 --- --- . cord-271495-5906wju4 17 1 The the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 17 2 patterns pattern NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 17 3 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 17 4 propagation propagation NN cord-271495-5906wju4 17 5 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 17 6 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 17 7 Severe severe JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 17 8 Acute acute JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 17 9 Respiratory Respiratory NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 17 10 Syndrome Syndrome NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 17 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 17 12 SARS SARS NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 17 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 17 14 outbreak outbreak NN cord-271495-5906wju4 17 15 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 17 16 2003 2003 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 17 17 were be VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 17 18 not not RB cord-271495-5906wju4 17 19 explained explain VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 17 20 by by IN cord-271495-5906wju4 17 21 conventional conventional JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 17 22 epidemic epidemic NN cord-271495-5906wju4 17 23 models model NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 17 24 that that WDT cord-271495-5906wju4 17 25 assumed assume VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 17 26 homogeneity homogeneity NN cord-271495-5906wju4 17 27 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 17 28 infectiousness infectiousness NN cord-271495-5906wju4 17 29 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 18 1 Instead instead RB cord-271495-5906wju4 18 2 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 18 3 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 18 4 existing exist VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 18 5 datasets dataset NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 18 6 were be VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 18 7 best well RBS cord-271495-5906wju4 18 8 matched match VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 18 9 by by IN cord-271495-5906wju4 18 10 models model NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 18 11 that that WDT cord-271495-5906wju4 18 12 used use VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 18 13 negative negative JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 18 14 binomial binomial JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 18 15 distributions distribution NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 18 16 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 18 17 which which WDT cord-271495-5906wju4 18 18 a a DT cord-271495-5906wju4 18 19 small small JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 18 20 proportion proportion NN cord-271495-5906wju4 18 21 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 18 22 cases case NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 18 23 were be VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 18 24 highly highly RB cord-271495-5906wju4 18 25 infectious infectious JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 18 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 18 27 Lloyd Lloyd NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 18 28 - - HYPH cord-271495-5906wju4 18 29 Smith Smith NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 18 30 et et NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 18 31 al al NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 18 32 . . NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 18 33 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 18 34 2005 2005 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 18 35 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 18 36 McDonald McDonald NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 18 37 et et NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 18 38 al al NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 18 39 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 19 1 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 19 2 2004 2004 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 19 3 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 19 4 Shen Shen NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 19 5 et et NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 19 6 al al NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 19 7 . . NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 19 8 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 19 9 2003 2003 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 19 10 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 20 1 Data datum NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 20 2 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 20 3 modelling modelling NN cord-271495-5906wju4 20 4 supported support VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 20 5 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 20 6 existence existence NN cord-271495-5906wju4 20 7 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 20 8 ' ' `` cord-271495-5906wju4 20 9 superspreaders superspreader NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 20 10 ' ' '' cord-271495-5906wju4 20 11 which which WDT cord-271495-5906wju4 20 12 played play VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 20 13 a a DT cord-271495-5906wju4 20 14 crucial crucial JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 20 15 role role NN cord-271495-5906wju4 20 16 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 20 17 propagating propagate VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 20 18 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 20 19 disease disease NN cord-271495-5906wju4 20 20 by by IN cord-271495-5906wju4 20 21 being be VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 20 22 very very RB cord-271495-5906wju4 20 23 efficient efficient JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 20 24 at at IN cord-271495-5906wju4 20 25 transmitting transmit VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 20 26 SARS SARS NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 20 27 - - HYPH cord-271495-5906wju4 20 28 CoV-1 CoV-1 NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 20 29 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 20 30 such such JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 20 31 that that IN cord-271495-5906wju4 20 32 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 20 33 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 20 34 absence absence NN cord-271495-5906wju4 20 35 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 20 36 superspreading superspreade VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 20 37 events event NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 20 38 most most JJS cord-271495-5906wju4 20 39 cases case NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 20 40 infected infect VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 20 41 few few JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 20 42 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 20 43 if if IN cord-271495-5906wju4 20 44 any any DT cord-271495-5906wju4 20 45 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 20 46 secondary secondary JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 20 47 contacts contact NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 20 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 20 49 Stein Stein NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 20 50 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 20 51 2011 2011 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 20 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 20 53 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 21 1 Almost almost RB cord-271495-5906wju4 21 2 a a DT cord-271495-5906wju4 21 3 decade decade NN cord-271495-5906wju4 21 4 later later RB cord-271495-5906wju4 21 5 emerged emerge VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 21 6 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 21 7 Middle Middle NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 21 8 East East NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 21 9 Respiratory Respiratory NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 21 10 Syndrome Syndrome NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 21 11 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-271495-5906wju4 21 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 21 13 MERS MERS NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 21 14 - - HYPH cord-271495-5906wju4 21 15 CoV CoV NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 21 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 21 17 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 21 18 with with IN cord-271495-5906wju4 21 19 analogous analogous JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 21 20 infection infection NN cord-271495-5906wju4 21 21 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 21 22 involving involve VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 21 23 superspreading superspreade VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 21 24 events event NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 21 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 21 26 Hui Hui NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 21 27 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 21 28 2016 2016 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 21 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 21 30 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 22 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-271495-5906wju4 22 2 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 22 3 early early JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 22 4 modelling modelling NN cord-271495-5906wju4 22 5 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 22 6 data datum NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 22 7 suggested suggest VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 22 8 that that IN cord-271495-5906wju4 22 9 a a DT cord-271495-5906wju4 22 10 small small JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 22 11 proportion proportion NN cord-271495-5906wju4 22 12 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 22 13 cases case NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 22 14 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 22 15 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 22 16 were be VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 22 17 responsible responsible JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 22 18 for for IN cord-271495-5906wju4 22 19 most most JJS cord-271495-5906wju4 22 20 transmission transmission NN cord-271495-5906wju4 22 21 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 22 22 which which WDT cord-271495-5906wju4 22 23 is be VBZ cord-271495-5906wju4 22 24 evidence evidence NN cord-271495-5906wju4 22 25 that that IN cord-271495-5906wju4 22 26 superspreaders superspreader NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 22 27 also also RB cord-271495-5906wju4 22 28 play play VBP cord-271495-5906wju4 22 29 an an DT cord-271495-5906wju4 22 30 important important JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 22 31 role role NN cord-271495-5906wju4 22 32 for for IN cord-271495-5906wju4 22 33 SARS SARS NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 22 34 - - HYPH cord-271495-5906wju4 22 35 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 22 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 22 37 MacKenzie MacKenzie NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 22 38 D D NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 22 39 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 22 40 2020 2020 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 22 41 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 22 42 Frieden Frieden NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 22 43 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 22 44 Lee Lee NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 22 45 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 22 46 2020 2020 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 22 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 22 48 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 23 1 Explanations explanation NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 23 2 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 23 3 this this DT cord-271495-5906wju4 23 4 superspreader superspreader NN cord-271495-5906wju4 23 5 status status NN cord-271495-5906wju4 23 6 included include VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 23 7 high high JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 23 8 viral viral JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 23 9 shedding shed VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 23 10 due due IN cord-271495-5906wju4 23 11 to to IN cord-271495-5906wju4 23 12 poor poor JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 23 13 immunocompetence immunocompetence NN cord-271495-5906wju4 23 14 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 23 15 underlying underlie VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 23 16 diseases disease NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 23 17 or or CC cord-271495-5906wju4 23 18 co co NN cord-271495-5906wju4 23 19 - - NN cord-271495-5906wju4 23 20 infection infection NN cord-271495-5906wju4 23 21 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 23 22 or or CC cord-271495-5906wju4 23 23 elevated elevate VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 23 24 contact contact NN cord-271495-5906wju4 23 25 rate rate NN cord-271495-5906wju4 23 26 due due JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 23 27 active active JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 23 28 social social JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 23 29 behaviour behaviour NN cord-271495-5906wju4 23 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 23 31 Lloyd Lloyd NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 23 32 - - HYPH cord-271495-5906wju4 23 33 Smith Smith NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 23 34 et et NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 23 35 al al NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 23 36 . . NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 23 37 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 23 38 2005 2005 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 23 39 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 23 40 McDonald McDonald NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 23 41 et et NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 23 42 al al NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 23 43 . . NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 23 44 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 23 45 2004 2004 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 24 1 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 24 2 Shen Shen NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 24 3 et et NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 24 4 al al NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 24 5 . . NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 24 6 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 24 7 2003 2003 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 25 1 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 25 2 Wong Wong NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 25 3 et et NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 25 4 al al NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 25 5 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 25 6 2015 2015 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 25 7 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 26 1 The the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 26 2 propagation propagation NN cord-271495-5906wju4 26 3 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 26 4 SARS SARS NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 26 5 - - HYPH cord-271495-5906wju4 26 6 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 26 7 has have VBZ cord-271495-5906wju4 26 8 shown show VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 26 9 to to TO cord-271495-5906wju4 26 10 be be VB cord-271495-5906wju4 26 11 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 26 12 at at IN cord-271495-5906wju4 26 13 a a DT cord-271495-5906wju4 26 14 global global JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 26 15 scale scale NN cord-271495-5906wju4 26 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 26 17 data datum NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 26 18 publicly publicly RB cord-271495-5906wju4 26 19 shared share VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 26 20 by by IN cord-271495-5906wju4 26 21 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 26 22 World World NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 26 23 Health Health NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 26 24 Organization Organization NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 26 25 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 26 26 Johns Johns NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 26 27 Hopkins Hopkins NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 26 28 University University NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 26 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 26 30 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 27 1 After after IN cord-271495-5906wju4 27 2 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 27 3 virus virus NN cord-271495-5906wju4 27 4 started start VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 27 5 to to TO cord-271495-5906wju4 27 6 be be VB cord-271495-5906wju4 27 7 reported report VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 27 8 outside outside RB cord-271495-5906wju4 27 9 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 27 10 China China NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 27 11 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 27 12 cases case NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 27 13 were be VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 27 14 infecting infect VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 27 15 fewer few JJR cord-271495-5906wju4 27 16 people people NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 27 17 than than IN cord-271495-5906wju4 27 18 expected expect VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 27 19 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 27 20 compared compare VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 27 21 to to IN cord-271495-5906wju4 27 22 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 27 23 rate rate NN cord-271495-5906wju4 27 24 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 27 25 spread spread NN cord-271495-5906wju4 27 26 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 27 27 China China NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 27 28 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 28 1 By by IN cord-271495-5906wju4 28 2 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 28 3 end end NN cord-271495-5906wju4 28 4 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 28 5 February February NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 28 6 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 28 7 over over IN cord-271495-5906wju4 28 8 50 50 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 28 9 countries country NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 28 10 outside outside IN cord-271495-5906wju4 28 11 China China NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 28 12 had have VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 28 13 confirmed confirm VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 28 14 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 28 15 infection infection NN cord-271495-5906wju4 28 16 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 28 17 but but CC cord-271495-5906wju4 28 18 only only RB cord-271495-5906wju4 28 19 three three CD cord-271495-5906wju4 28 20 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 28 21 these these DT cord-271495-5906wju4 28 22 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 28 23 South South NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 28 24 Korea Korea NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 28 25 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 28 26 Italy Italy NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 28 27 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 28 28 Iran Iran NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 28 29 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 28 30 presented present VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 28 31 notable notable JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 28 32 spread spread NN cord-271495-5906wju4 28 33 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 29 1 In in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 29 2 South South NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 29 3 Korea Korea NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 29 4 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 29 5 during during IN cord-271495-5906wju4 29 6 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 29 7 first first JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 29 8 month month NN cord-271495-5906wju4 29 9 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 29 10 viral viral JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 29 11 propagation propagation NN cord-271495-5906wju4 29 12 there there EX cord-271495-5906wju4 29 13 were be VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 29 14 only only RB cord-271495-5906wju4 29 15 two two CD cord-271495-5906wju4 29 16 to to TO cord-271495-5906wju4 29 17 three three CD cord-271495-5906wju4 29 18 reports report NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 29 19 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 29 20 new new JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 29 21 infections infection NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 29 22 per per IN cord-271495-5906wju4 29 23 day day NN cord-271495-5906wju4 29 24 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 30 1 However however RB cord-271495-5906wju4 30 2 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 30 3 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 30 4 rapid rapid JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 30 5 spread spread NN cord-271495-5906wju4 30 6 began begin VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 30 7 after after IN cord-271495-5906wju4 30 8 one one CD cord-271495-5906wju4 30 9 case case NN cord-271495-5906wju4 30 10 was be VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 30 11 linked link VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 30 12 to to IN cord-271495-5906wju4 30 13 3900 3900 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 30 14 secondary secondary JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 30 15 cases case NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 30 16 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 30 17 Daegu Daegu NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 30 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 30 19 Shim Shim NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 30 20 et et FW cord-271495-5906wju4 30 21 al al NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 30 22 . . NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 30 23 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 30 24 2020 2020 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 30 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 30 26 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 31 1 In in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 31 2 Italy Italy NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 31 3 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 31 4 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 31 5 rapid rapid JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 31 6 surge surge NN cord-271495-5906wju4 31 7 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 31 8 cases case NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 31 9 began begin VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 31 10 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 31 11 a a DT cord-271495-5906wju4 31 12 cluster cluster NN cord-271495-5906wju4 31 13 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 31 14 Lombardy Lombardy NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 31 15 after after IN cord-271495-5906wju4 31 16 an an DT cord-271495-5906wju4 31 17 infected infected JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 31 18 man man NN cord-271495-5906wju4 31 19 was be VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 31 20 hospitalised hospitalise VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 31 21 without without IN cord-271495-5906wju4 31 22 precautionary precautionary JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 31 23 measures measure NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 31 24 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 31 25 infected infect VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 31 26 other other JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 31 27 patients patient NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 31 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 31 29 mostly mostly RB cord-271495-5906wju4 31 30 elder eld JJR cord-271495-5906wju4 31 31 people people NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 31 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 31 33 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 31 34 health health NN cord-271495-5906wju4 31 35 workers worker NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 31 36 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 32 1 Apparently apparently RB cord-271495-5906wju4 32 2 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 32 3 there there EX cord-271495-5906wju4 32 4 was be VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 32 5 no no DT cord-271495-5906wju4 32 6 calm calm JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 32 7 period period NN cord-271495-5906wju4 32 8 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 32 9 Iran Iran NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 32 10 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 32 11 where where WRB cord-271495-5906wju4 32 12 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 32 13 first first JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 32 14 two two CD cord-271495-5906wju4 32 15 reported report VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 32 16 cases case NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 32 17 were be VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 32 18 fatal fatal JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 32 19 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 33 1 two two CD cord-271495-5906wju4 33 2 weeks week NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 33 3 later later RB cord-271495-5906wju4 33 4 there there EX cord-271495-5906wju4 33 5 were be VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 33 6 1500 1500 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 33 7 cases case NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 33 8 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 33 9 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 33 10 after after IN cord-271495-5906wju4 33 11 one one CD cord-271495-5906wju4 33 12 month month NN cord-271495-5906wju4 33 13 there there EX cord-271495-5906wju4 33 14 were be VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 33 15 over over IN cord-271495-5906wju4 33 16 17000 17000 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 33 17 reported report VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 33 18 infections infection NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 33 19 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 34 1 A a DT cord-271495-5906wju4 34 2 few few JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 34 3 weeks week NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 34 4 later later RB cord-271495-5906wju4 34 5 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 34 6 several several JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 34 7 other other JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 34 8 countries country NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 34 9 underwent undergo VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 34 10 a a DT cord-271495-5906wju4 34 11 similar similar JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 34 12 exponential exponential JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 34 13 growth growth NN cord-271495-5906wju4 34 14 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 34 15 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 34 16 number number NN cord-271495-5906wju4 34 17 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 34 18 cases case NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 34 19 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 34 20 despite despite IN cord-271495-5906wju4 34 21 many many JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 34 22 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 34 23 them -PRON- PRP cord-271495-5906wju4 34 24 taking take VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 34 25 drastic drastic JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 34 26 measures measure NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 34 27 to to TO cord-271495-5906wju4 34 28 control control VB cord-271495-5906wju4 34 29 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 34 30 epidemic epidemic NN cord-271495-5906wju4 34 31 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 35 1 A a DT cord-271495-5906wju4 35 2 notable notable JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 35 3 case case NN cord-271495-5906wju4 35 4 was be VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 35 5 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 35 6 USA USA NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 35 7 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 35 8 Page page NN cord-271495-5906wju4 35 9 5 5 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 35 10 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 35 11 10 10 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 35 12 J J NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 35 13 o o NN cord-271495-5906wju4 35 14 u u NN cord-271495-5906wju4 35 15 r r NN cord-271495-5906wju4 35 16 n n NN cord-271495-5906wju4 35 17 a a DT cord-271495-5906wju4 35 18 l l NN cord-271495-5906wju4 35 19 P p NN cord-271495-5906wju4 35 20 r r NN cord-271495-5906wju4 35 21 e e NN cord-271495-5906wju4 35 22 -p -p NN cord-271495-5906wju4 35 23 r r NN cord-271495-5906wju4 35 24 o o NN cord-271495-5906wju4 35 25 o o NN cord-271495-5906wju4 35 26 f f NN cord-271495-5906wju4 35 27 4 4 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 35 28 where where WRB cord-271495-5906wju4 35 29 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 35 30 infection infection NN cord-271495-5906wju4 35 31 was be VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 35 32 propagating propagate VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 35 33 slowly slowly RB cord-271495-5906wju4 35 34 since since IN cord-271495-5906wju4 35 35 January January NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 35 36 20th 20th NN cord-271495-5906wju4 35 37 until until IN cord-271495-5906wju4 35 38 early early JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 35 39 March March NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 35 40 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 35 41 when when WRB cord-271495-5906wju4 35 42 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 35 43 daily daily JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 35 44 growth growth NN cord-271495-5906wju4 35 45 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 35 46 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 35 47 number number NN cord-271495-5906wju4 35 48 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 35 49 cases case NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 35 50 went go VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 35 51 suddenly suddenly RB cord-271495-5906wju4 35 52 from from IN cord-271495-5906wju4 35 53 being be VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 35 54 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 35 55 one one CD cord-271495-5906wju4 35 56 digit digit NN cord-271495-5906wju4 35 57 to to IN cord-271495-5906wju4 35 58 surpassing surpass VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 35 59 30 30 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 35 60 % % NN cord-271495-5906wju4 35 61 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 35 62 remaining remain VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 35 63 above above IN cord-271495-5906wju4 35 64 that that DT cord-271495-5906wju4 35 65 geometrical geometrical JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 35 66 growth growth NN cord-271495-5906wju4 35 67 rate rate NN cord-271495-5906wju4 35 68 for for IN cord-271495-5906wju4 35 69 almost almost RB cord-271495-5906wju4 35 70 20 20 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 35 71 days day NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 35 72 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 36 1 This this DT cord-271495-5906wju4 36 2 explosive explosive JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 36 3 spread spread NN cord-271495-5906wju4 36 4 began begin VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 36 5 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 36 6 New New NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 36 7 York York NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 36 8 City City NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 36 9 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 36 10 where where WRB cord-271495-5906wju4 36 11 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 36 12 number number NN cord-271495-5906wju4 36 13 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 36 14 cases case NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 36 15 reached reach VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 36 16 20000 20000 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 36 17 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 36 18 just just RB cord-271495-5906wju4 36 19 over over IN cord-271495-5906wju4 36 20 two two CD cord-271495-5906wju4 36 21 weeks week NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 36 22 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 37 1 In in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 37 2 contrast contrast NN cord-271495-5906wju4 37 3 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 37 4 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 37 5 most most JJS cord-271495-5906wju4 37 6 countries country NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 37 7 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 37 8 infection infection NN cord-271495-5906wju4 37 9 has have VBZ cord-271495-5906wju4 37 10 been be VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 37 11 propagating propagate VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 37 12 at at IN cord-271495-5906wju4 37 13 a a DT cord-271495-5906wju4 37 14 slow slow JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 37 15 to to IN cord-271495-5906wju4 37 16 moderate moderate JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 37 17 pace pace NN cord-271495-5906wju4 37 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 37 19 e.g. e.g. RB cord-271495-5906wju4 37 20 Thailand Thailand NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 37 21 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 37 22 Singapore Singapore NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 37 23 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 37 24 Egypt Egypt NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 37 25 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 37 26 Finland Finland NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 37 27 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 37 28 Japan Japan NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 37 29 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 37 30 Australia Australia NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 37 31 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 37 32 among among IN cord-271495-5906wju4 37 33 many many JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 37 34 others other NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 37 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 37 36 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 38 1 In in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 38 2 general general JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 38 3 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 38 4 there there EX cord-271495-5906wju4 38 5 have have VBP cord-271495-5906wju4 38 6 been be VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 38 7 also also RB cord-271495-5906wju4 38 8 contrasts contrast NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 38 9 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 38 10 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 38 11 apparent apparent JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 38 12 case case NN cord-271495-5906wju4 38 13 - - HYPH cord-271495-5906wju4 38 14 fatality fatality NN cord-271495-5906wju4 38 15 rate rate NN cord-271495-5906wju4 38 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 38 17 deaths death NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 38 18 / / SYM cord-271495-5906wju4 38 19 reported report VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 38 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 38 21 depending depend VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 38 22 on on IN cord-271495-5906wju4 38 23 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 38 24 speed speed NN cord-271495-5906wju4 38 25 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 38 26 propagation propagation NN cord-271495-5906wju4 38 27 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 38 28 being be VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 38 29 much much RB cord-271495-5906wju4 38 30 lower low JJR cord-271495-5906wju4 38 31 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 38 32 countries country NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 38 33 with with IN cord-271495-5906wju4 38 34 slow slow JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 38 35 spread spread NN cord-271495-5906wju4 38 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 38 37 e.g. e.g. RB cord-271495-5906wju4 38 38 0.1 0.1 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 38 39 % % NN cord-271495-5906wju4 38 40 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 38 41 Singapore Singapore NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 38 42 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 38 43 1.4 1.4 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 38 44 % % NN cord-271495-5906wju4 38 45 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 38 46 Australia Australia NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 38 47 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 38 48 1.8 1.8 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 38 49 % % NN cord-271495-5906wju4 38 50 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 38 51 Thailand Thailand NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 38 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 38 53 compared compare VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 38 54 with with IN cord-271495-5906wju4 38 55 those those DT cord-271495-5906wju4 38 56 where where WRB cord-271495-5906wju4 38 57 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 38 58 transmission transmission NN cord-271495-5906wju4 38 59 was be VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 38 60 notably notably RB cord-271495-5906wju4 38 61 high high JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 38 62 ( ( -LRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 38 63 e.g. e.g. RB cord-271495-5906wju4 38 64 14 14 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 38 65 % % NN cord-271495-5906wju4 38 66 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 38 67 Italy Italy NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 38 68 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 38 69 12 12 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 38 70 % % NN cord-271495-5906wju4 38 71 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 38 72 Spain Spain NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 38 73 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 38 74 7 7 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 38 75 % % NN cord-271495-5906wju4 38 76 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 38 77 USA USA NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 38 78 ) ) -RRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 38 79 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 39 1 This this DT cord-271495-5906wju4 39 2 difference difference NN cord-271495-5906wju4 39 3 might may MD cord-271495-5906wju4 39 4 be be VB cord-271495-5906wju4 39 5 too too RB cord-271495-5906wju4 39 6 large large JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 39 7 to to TO cord-271495-5906wju4 39 8 be be VB cord-271495-5906wju4 39 9 explained explain VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 39 10 solely solely RB cord-271495-5906wju4 39 11 by by IN cord-271495-5906wju4 39 12 detection detection NN cord-271495-5906wju4 39 13 bias bias NN cord-271495-5906wju4 39 14 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 40 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-271495-5906wju4 40 2 appears appear VBZ cord-271495-5906wju4 40 3 that that IN cord-271495-5906wju4 40 4 within within IN cord-271495-5906wju4 40 5 a a DT cord-271495-5906wju4 40 6 region region NN cord-271495-5906wju4 40 7 SARS SARS NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 40 8 - - HYPH cord-271495-5906wju4 40 9 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 40 10 spreads spread VBZ cord-271495-5906wju4 40 11 gradually gradually RB cord-271495-5906wju4 40 12 unless unless IN cord-271495-5906wju4 40 13 a a DT cord-271495-5906wju4 40 14 chain chain NN cord-271495-5906wju4 40 15 reaction reaction NN cord-271495-5906wju4 40 16 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 40 17 transmission transmission NN cord-271495-5906wju4 40 18 is be VBZ cord-271495-5906wju4 40 19 triggered trigger VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 40 20 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 41 1 Independent independent JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 41 2 superspreading superspreading NN cord-271495-5906wju4 41 3 events event NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 41 4 due due JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 41 5 to to IN cord-271495-5906wju4 41 6 individual individual JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 41 7 variation variation NN cord-271495-5906wju4 41 8 can can MD cord-271495-5906wju4 41 9 not not RB cord-271495-5906wju4 41 10 explain explain VB cord-271495-5906wju4 41 11 this this DT cord-271495-5906wju4 41 12 large large JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 41 13 - - HYPH cord-271495-5906wju4 41 14 scale scale NN cord-271495-5906wju4 41 15 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 41 16 pattern pattern NN cord-271495-5906wju4 41 17 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 41 18 transmission transmission NN cord-271495-5906wju4 41 19 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 42 1 The the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 42 2 occurrence occurrence NN cord-271495-5906wju4 42 3 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 42 4 superspreaders superspreader NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 42 5 may may MD cord-271495-5906wju4 42 6 not not RB cord-271495-5906wju4 42 7 be be VB cord-271495-5906wju4 42 8 at at IN cord-271495-5906wju4 42 9 random random JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 42 10 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 42 11 may may MD cord-271495-5906wju4 42 12 depend depend VB cord-271495-5906wju4 42 13 on on IN cord-271495-5906wju4 42 14 other other JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 42 15 superspreaders superspreader NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 42 16 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 43 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-271495-5906wju4 43 2 is be VBZ cord-271495-5906wju4 43 3 proposed propose VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 43 4 that that IN cord-271495-5906wju4 43 5 infections infection NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 43 6 caused cause VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 43 7 by by IN cord-271495-5906wju4 43 8 contact contact NN cord-271495-5906wju4 43 9 with with IN cord-271495-5906wju4 43 10 superspreaders superspreader NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 43 11 are be VBP cord-271495-5906wju4 43 12 more more RBR cord-271495-5906wju4 43 13 likely likely JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 43 14 to to TO cord-271495-5906wju4 43 15 result result VB cord-271495-5906wju4 43 16 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 43 17 new new JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 43 18 superspreaders superspreader NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 43 19 than than IN cord-271495-5906wju4 43 20 those those DT cord-271495-5906wju4 43 21 caused cause VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 43 22 by by IN cord-271495-5906wju4 43 23 transmission transmission NN cord-271495-5906wju4 43 24 from from IN cord-271495-5906wju4 43 25 a a DT cord-271495-5906wju4 43 26 less less RBR cord-271495-5906wju4 43 27 infectious infectious JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 43 28 individual individual NN cord-271495-5906wju4 43 29 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 44 1 The the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 44 2 mechanism mechanism NN cord-271495-5906wju4 44 3 by by IN cord-271495-5906wju4 44 4 which which WDT cord-271495-5906wju4 44 5 this this DT cord-271495-5906wju4 44 6 would would MD cord-271495-5906wju4 44 7 be be VB cord-271495-5906wju4 44 8 possible possible JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 44 9 is be VBZ cord-271495-5906wju4 44 10 by by IN cord-271495-5906wju4 44 11 exposure exposure NN cord-271495-5906wju4 44 12 to to IN cord-271495-5906wju4 44 13 differential differential JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 44 14 viral viral JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 44 15 load load NN cord-271495-5906wju4 44 16 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 45 1 The the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 45 2 primary primary JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 45 3 mode mode NN cord-271495-5906wju4 45 4 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 45 5 transmission transmission NN cord-271495-5906wju4 45 6 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 45 7 SARS SARS NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 45 8 - - HYPH cord-271495-5906wju4 45 9 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 45 10 appears appear VBZ cord-271495-5906wju4 45 11 to to TO cord-271495-5906wju4 45 12 be be VB cord-271495-5906wju4 45 13 through through IN cord-271495-5906wju4 45 14 exposure exposure NN cord-271495-5906wju4 45 15 to to IN cord-271495-5906wju4 45 16 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 45 17 droplets droplet NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 45 18 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 45 19 direct direct JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 45 20 contact contact NN cord-271495-5906wju4 45 21 with with IN cord-271495-5906wju4 45 22 infected infected JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 45 23 individuals individual NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 45 24 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 45 25 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-271495-5906wju4 45 26 contaminated contaminate VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 45 27 environment environment NN cord-271495-5906wju4 46 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 46 2 Xiao Xiao NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 46 3 et et NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 46 4 al al NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 46 5 . . NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 46 6 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 46 7 2017 2017 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 46 8 ; ; : cord-271495-5906wju4 46 9 van van NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 46 10 Doremalen Doremalen NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 46 11 et et FW cord-271495-5906wju4 46 12 al al NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 46 13 . . NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 46 14 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 46 15 2020 2020 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 46 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 46 17 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 47 1 Droplets droplet NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 47 2 may may MD cord-271495-5906wju4 47 3 contain contain VB cord-271495-5906wju4 47 4 a a DT cord-271495-5906wju4 47 5 few few JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 47 6 or or CC cord-271495-5906wju4 47 7 a a DT cord-271495-5906wju4 47 8 million million CD cord-271495-5906wju4 47 9 viral viral JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 47 10 particles particle NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 47 11 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 47 12 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 47 13 this this DT cord-271495-5906wju4 47 14 differential differential JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 47 15 load load NN cord-271495-5906wju4 47 16 determines determine VBZ cord-271495-5906wju4 47 17 how how WRB cord-271495-5906wju4 47 18 much much JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 47 19 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 47 20 environment environment NN cord-271495-5906wju4 47 21 is be VBZ cord-271495-5906wju4 47 22 contaminated contaminate VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 47 23 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 47 24 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 47 25 infective infective JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 47 26 dose dose NN cord-271495-5906wju4 47 27 a a DT cord-271495-5906wju4 47 28 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 47 29 person person NN cord-271495-5906wju4 47 30 is be VBZ cord-271495-5906wju4 47 31 exposed expose VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 47 32 to to IN cord-271495-5906wju4 47 33 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 48 1 A a DT cord-271495-5906wju4 48 2 case case NN cord-271495-5906wju4 48 3 with with IN cord-271495-5906wju4 48 4 a a DT cord-271495-5906wju4 48 5 high high JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 48 6 intensity intensity NN cord-271495-5906wju4 48 7 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 48 8 infection infection NN cord-271495-5906wju4 48 9 has have VBZ cord-271495-5906wju4 48 10 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 48 11 potential potential NN cord-271495-5906wju4 48 12 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 48 13 being be VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 48 14 a a DT cord-271495-5906wju4 48 15 superspreader superspreader NN cord-271495-5906wju4 48 16 due due IN cord-271495-5906wju4 48 17 to to IN cord-271495-5906wju4 48 18 high high JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 48 19 viral viral JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 48 20 shedding shedding NN cord-271495-5906wju4 48 21 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 49 1 Susceptible susceptible JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 49 2 people people NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 49 3 exposed expose VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 49 4 to to IN cord-271495-5906wju4 49 5 this this DT cord-271495-5906wju4 49 6 hypothetical hypothetical JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 49 7 superspreader superspreader NN cord-271495-5906wju4 49 8 would would MD cord-271495-5906wju4 49 9 be be VB cord-271495-5906wju4 49 10 exposed expose VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 49 11 to to IN cord-271495-5906wju4 49 12 a a DT cord-271495-5906wju4 49 13 high high JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 49 14 viral viral JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 49 15 dose dose NN cord-271495-5906wju4 49 16 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 50 1 Infections infection NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 50 2 resulting result VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 50 3 from from IN cord-271495-5906wju4 50 4 exposure exposure NN cord-271495-5906wju4 50 5 to to IN cord-271495-5906wju4 50 6 high high JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 50 7 loads load NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 50 8 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 50 9 virus virus NN cord-271495-5906wju4 50 10 are be VBP cord-271495-5906wju4 50 11 expected expect VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 50 12 to to TO cord-271495-5906wju4 50 13 be be VB cord-271495-5906wju4 50 14 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 50 15 high high JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 50 16 intensity intensity NN cord-271495-5906wju4 50 17 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 50 18 as as IN cord-271495-5906wju4 50 19 a a DT cord-271495-5906wju4 50 20 large large JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 50 21 quantity quantity NN cord-271495-5906wju4 50 22 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 50 23 viral viral JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 50 24 particles particle NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 50 25 initiating initiate VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 50 26 replication replication NN cord-271495-5906wju4 50 27 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 50 28 synchrony synchrony NN cord-271495-5906wju4 50 29 might may MD cord-271495-5906wju4 50 30 overwhelm overwhelm VB cord-271495-5906wju4 50 31 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 50 32 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 50 33 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 50 34 resistance resistance NN cord-271495-5906wju4 50 35 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 50 36 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 50 37 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 50 38 poor poor JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 50 39 control control NN cord-271495-5906wju4 50 40 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 50 41 viral viral JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 50 42 replication replication NN cord-271495-5906wju4 50 43 may may MD cord-271495-5906wju4 50 44 therefore therefore RB cord-271495-5906wju4 50 45 result result VB cord-271495-5906wju4 50 46 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 50 47 a a DT cord-271495-5906wju4 50 48 new new JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 50 49 potential potential JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 50 50 superspreader superspreader NN cord-271495-5906wju4 50 51 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 51 1 This this DT cord-271495-5906wju4 51 2 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-271495-5906wju4 51 3 has have VBZ cord-271495-5906wju4 51 4 support support NN cord-271495-5906wju4 51 5 from from IN cord-271495-5906wju4 51 6 veterinary veterinary JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 51 7 research research NN cord-271495-5906wju4 51 8 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 52 1 For for IN cord-271495-5906wju4 52 2 example example NN cord-271495-5906wju4 52 3 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 52 4 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 52 5 a a DT cord-271495-5906wju4 52 6 recent recent JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 52 7 study study NN cord-271495-5906wju4 52 8 calves calf NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 52 9 were be VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 52 10 experimentally experimentally RB cord-271495-5906wju4 52 11 infected infect VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 52 12 by by IN cord-271495-5906wju4 52 13 Bovine bovine JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 52 14 Viral Viral NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 52 15 Diarrhoea Diarrhoea NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 52 16 virus virus NN cord-271495-5906wju4 52 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 52 18 an an DT cord-271495-5906wju4 52 19 J J NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 52 20 o o NN cord-271495-5906wju4 52 21 u u NN cord-271495-5906wju4 52 22 r r NN cord-271495-5906wju4 52 23 n n NN cord-271495-5906wju4 52 24 a a DT cord-271495-5906wju4 52 25 l l NN cord-271495-5906wju4 52 26 P p NN cord-271495-5906wju4 52 27 r r NN cord-271495-5906wju4 52 28 e e NN cord-271495-5906wju4 52 29 -p -p NN cord-271495-5906wju4 52 30 r r NN cord-271495-5906wju4 53 1 o o UH cord-271495-5906wju4 54 1 o o NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 54 2 f f NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 54 3 5 5 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 54 4 outcome outcome NN cord-271495-5906wju4 54 5 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 54 6 infection infection NN cord-271495-5906wju4 54 7 was be VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 54 8 dose dose JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 54 9 dependent dependent JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 54 10 with with IN cord-271495-5906wju4 54 11 animals animal NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 54 12 given give VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 54 13 a a DT cord-271495-5906wju4 54 14 higher high JJR cord-271495-5906wju4 54 15 dose dose NN cord-271495-5906wju4 54 16 developing develop VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 54 17 severe severe JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 54 18 disease disease NN cord-271495-5906wju4 54 19 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 54 20 more more RBR cord-271495-5906wju4 54 21 pronounced pronounce VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 54 22 viral viral JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 54 23 replication replication NN cord-271495-5906wju4 54 24 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 54 25 shedding shedding NN cord-271495-5906wju4 54 26 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 55 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-271495-5906wju4 55 2 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 55 3 sentinel sentinel JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 55 4 calves calf NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 55 5 housed house VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 55 6 with with IN cord-271495-5906wju4 55 7 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 55 8 lowdose lowdose RB cord-271495-5906wju4 55 9 - - HYPH cord-271495-5906wju4 55 10 infected infect VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 55 11 group group NN cord-271495-5906wju4 55 12 did do VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 55 13 not not RB cord-271495-5906wju4 55 14 become become VB cord-271495-5906wju4 55 15 infected infected JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 55 16 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 55 17 despite despite IN cord-271495-5906wju4 55 18 viral viral JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 55 19 shedding shedding NN cord-271495-5906wju4 55 20 being be VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 55 21 confirmed confirm VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 55 22 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 56 1 Other other JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 56 2 experimental experimental JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 56 3 infections infection NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 56 4 also also RB cord-271495-5906wju4 56 5 found find VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 56 6 that that IN cord-271495-5906wju4 56 7 viral viral JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 56 8 dose dose NN cord-271495-5906wju4 56 9 correlated correlate VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 56 10 positively positively RB cord-271495-5906wju4 56 11 with with IN cord-271495-5906wju4 56 12 disease disease NN cord-271495-5906wju4 56 13 severity severity NN cord-271495-5906wju4 56 14 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 56 15 viral viral JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 56 16 shedding shedding NN cord-271495-5906wju4 56 17 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 56 18 other other JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 56 19 virus virus NN cord-271495-5906wju4 56 20 - - HYPH cord-271495-5906wju4 56 21 domestic domestic JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 56 22 animal animal NN cord-271495-5906wju4 56 23 systems system NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 56 24 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 56 25 such such JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 56 26 as as IN cord-271495-5906wju4 56 27 Feline feline JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 56 28 Viral Viral NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 56 29 Rhinotracheitis Rhinotracheitis NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 56 30 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 56 31 cats cat NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 56 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 56 33 Gaskell Gaskell NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 56 34 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 56 35 Povey Povey NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 56 36 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 56 37 2008 2008 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 56 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 56 39 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 56 40 Low Low NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 56 41 Pathogenic Pathogenic NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 56 42 Avian Avian NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 56 43 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 56 44 virus virus NN cord-271495-5906wju4 56 45 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 56 46 chicken chicken NN cord-271495-5906wju4 56 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 56 48 Zarkov Zarkov NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 56 49 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 56 50 Bochev Bochev NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 56 51 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 56 52 20 20 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 56 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 56 54 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 56 55 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 56 56 Equine Equine NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 56 57 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 56 58 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 56 59 ponies pony NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 56 60 ( ( -LRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 56 61 Mumford Mumford NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 56 62 et et NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 56 63 al al NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 56 64 . . NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 56 65 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 56 66 1990 1990 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 56 67 ) ) -RRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 56 68 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 57 1 Under under IN cord-271495-5906wju4 57 2 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 57 3 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-271495-5906wju4 57 4 posited posit VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 57 5 here here RB cord-271495-5906wju4 57 6 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 57 7 cases case NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 57 8 with with IN cord-271495-5906wju4 57 9 low low JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 57 10 - - HYPH cord-271495-5906wju4 57 11 to to IN cord-271495-5906wju4 57 12 - - HYPH cord-271495-5906wju4 57 13 moderate moderate JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 57 14 intensity intensity NN cord-271495-5906wju4 57 15 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 57 16 infection infection NN cord-271495-5906wju4 57 17 would would MD cord-271495-5906wju4 57 18 mainly mainly RB cord-271495-5906wju4 57 19 yield yield VB cord-271495-5906wju4 57 20 new new JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 57 21 infections infection NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 57 22 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 57 23 low low JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 57 24 - - HYPH cord-271495-5906wju4 57 25 to to IN cord-271495-5906wju4 57 26 - - HYPH cord-271495-5906wju4 57 27 moderate moderate JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 57 28 severity severity NN cord-271495-5906wju4 57 29 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 57 30 viral viral JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 57 31 shedding shedding NN cord-271495-5906wju4 57 32 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 57 33 people people NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 57 34 who who WP cord-271495-5906wju4 57 35 are be VBP cord-271495-5906wju4 57 36 not not RB cord-271495-5906wju4 57 37 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 57 38 risk risk NN cord-271495-5906wju4 57 39 groups group NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 57 40 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 58 1 replication replication NN cord-271495-5906wju4 58 2 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 58 3 generating generate VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 58 4 a a DT cord-271495-5906wju4 58 5 ' ' `` cord-271495-5906wju4 58 6 domino domino NN cord-271495-5906wju4 58 7 effect effect NN cord-271495-5906wju4 58 8 ' ' '' cord-271495-5906wju4 58 9 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 59 1 The the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 59 2 severity severity NN cord-271495-5906wju4 59 3 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 59 4 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 59 5 disease disease NN cord-271495-5906wju4 59 6 caused cause VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 59 7 by by IN cord-271495-5906wju4 59 8 high high JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 59 9 viral viral JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 59 10 loads load NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 59 11 is be VBZ cord-271495-5906wju4 59 12 expected expect VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 59 13 to to TO cord-271495-5906wju4 59 14 be be VB cord-271495-5906wju4 59 15 high high JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 59 16 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 60 1 This this DT cord-271495-5906wju4 60 2 would would MD cord-271495-5906wju4 60 3 be be VB cord-271495-5906wju4 60 4 due due JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 60 5 to to IN cord-271495-5906wju4 60 6 extensive extensive JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 60 7 cell cell NN cord-271495-5906wju4 60 8 damage damage NN cord-271495-5906wju4 60 9 caused cause VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 60 10 by by IN cord-271495-5906wju4 60 11 large large JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 60 12 amounts amount NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 60 13 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 60 14 virus virus NN cord-271495-5906wju4 60 15 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 60 16 also also RB cord-271495-5906wju4 60 17 due due IN cord-271495-5906wju4 60 18 to to IN cord-271495-5906wju4 60 19 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 60 20 resulting result VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 60 21 immune immune JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 60 22 response response NN cord-271495-5906wju4 60 23 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 61 1 The the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 61 2 virulence virulence NN cord-271495-5906wju4 61 3 arising arise VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 61 4 from from IN cord-271495-5906wju4 61 5 an an DT cord-271495-5906wju4 61 6 infection infection NN cord-271495-5906wju4 61 7 by by IN cord-271495-5906wju4 61 8 SARS SARS NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 61 9 - - HYPH cord-271495-5906wju4 61 10 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 61 11 is be VBZ cord-271495-5906wju4 61 12 related relate VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 61 13 to to IN cord-271495-5906wju4 61 14 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 61 15 self self NN cord-271495-5906wju4 61 16 - - HYPH cord-271495-5906wju4 61 17 damage damage NN cord-271495-5906wju4 62 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 62 2 Quin Quin NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 62 3 et et NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 62 4 al al NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 62 5 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 63 1 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 63 2 2020 2020 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 63 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 63 4 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 63 5 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 63 6 it -PRON- PRP cord-271495-5906wju4 63 7 is be VBZ cord-271495-5906wju4 63 8 expected expect VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 63 9 that that IN cord-271495-5906wju4 63 10 an an DT cord-271495-5906wju4 63 11 infection infection NN cord-271495-5906wju4 63 12 initiated initiate VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 63 13 by by IN cord-271495-5906wju4 63 14 a a DT cord-271495-5906wju4 63 15 large large JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 63 16 number number NN cord-271495-5906wju4 63 17 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 63 18 viral viral JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 63 19 particles particle NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 63 20 would would MD cord-271495-5906wju4 63 21 generate generate VB cord-271495-5906wju4 63 22 a a DT cord-271495-5906wju4 63 23 stronger strong JJR cord-271495-5906wju4 63 24 immune immune JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 63 25 response response NN cord-271495-5906wju4 63 26 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 63 27 compared compare VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 63 28 to to IN cord-271495-5906wju4 63 29 infections infection NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 63 30 caused cause VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 63 31 by by IN cord-271495-5906wju4 63 32 a a DT cord-271495-5906wju4 63 33 low low JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 63 34 viral viral JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 63 35 dose dose NN cord-271495-5906wju4 63 36 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 64 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-271495-5906wju4 64 2 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 64 3 a a DT cord-271495-5906wju4 64 4 case case NN cord-271495-5906wju4 64 5 resulting result VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 64 6 from from IN cord-271495-5906wju4 64 7 an an DT cord-271495-5906wju4 64 8 exposure exposure NN cord-271495-5906wju4 64 9 to to IN cord-271495-5906wju4 64 10 high high JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 64 11 viral viral JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 64 12 loads load NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 64 13 has have VBZ cord-271495-5906wju4 64 14 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 64 15 potential potential NN cord-271495-5906wju4 64 16 to to TO cord-271495-5906wju4 64 17 develop develop VB cord-271495-5906wju4 64 18 severe severe JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 64 19 disease disease NN cord-271495-5906wju4 64 20 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 64 21 also also RB cord-271495-5906wju4 64 22 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 64 23 being be VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 64 24 highly highly RB cord-271495-5906wju4 64 25 infectious infectious JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 64 26 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 65 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-271495-5906wju4 65 2 was be VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 65 3 found find VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 65 4 that that IN cord-271495-5906wju4 65 5 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 65 6 MERS MERS NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 65 7 patients patient NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 65 8 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 65 9 severity severity NN cord-271495-5906wju4 65 10 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 65 11 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 65 12 disease disease NN cord-271495-5906wju4 65 13 was be VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 65 14 positively positively RB cord-271495-5906wju4 65 15 correlated correlate VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 65 16 with with IN cord-271495-5906wju4 65 17 viral viral JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 65 18 load load NN cord-271495-5906wju4 65 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 65 20 Min Min NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 65 21 et et FW cord-271495-5906wju4 65 22 al al NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 65 23 . . NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 65 24 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 65 25 2016 2016 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 65 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 65 27 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 65 28 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 65 29 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 65 30 same same JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 65 31 was be VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 65 32 recently recently RB cord-271495-5906wju4 65 33 reported report VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 65 34 for for IN cord-271495-5906wju4 65 35 COVID-19 covid-19 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 65 36 2020 2020 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 65 37 ; ; . cord-271495-5906wju4 66 1 Zou Zou NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 66 2 et et FW cord-271495-5906wju4 66 3 al al NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 66 4 . . NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 66 5 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 66 6 2020 2020 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 66 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 66 8 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 67 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-271495-5906wju4 67 2 could could MD cord-271495-5906wju4 67 3 be be VB cord-271495-5906wju4 67 4 argued argue VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 67 5 that that IN cord-271495-5906wju4 67 6 individuals individual NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 67 7 with with IN cord-271495-5906wju4 67 8 higher high JJR cord-271495-5906wju4 67 9 viral viral JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 67 10 loads load NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 67 11 are be VBP cord-271495-5906wju4 67 12 more more RBR cord-271495-5906wju4 67 13 likely likely JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 67 14 to to TO cord-271495-5906wju4 67 15 be be VB cord-271495-5906wju4 67 16 hospitalised hospitalise VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 67 17 or or CC cord-271495-5906wju4 67 18 die die VB cord-271495-5906wju4 67 19 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 67 20 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 67 21 therefore therefore RB cord-271495-5906wju4 67 22 would would MD cord-271495-5906wju4 67 23 be be VB cord-271495-5906wju4 67 24 less less RBR cord-271495-5906wju4 67 25 likely likely JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 67 26 to to TO cord-271495-5906wju4 67 27 contribute contribute VB cord-271495-5906wju4 67 28 to to IN cord-271495-5906wju4 67 29 community community NN cord-271495-5906wju4 67 30 transmission transmission NN cord-271495-5906wju4 67 31 as as IN cord-271495-5906wju4 67 32 superspreaders superspreader NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 67 33 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 68 1 However however RB cord-271495-5906wju4 68 2 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 68 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-271495-5906wju4 68 4 should should MD cord-271495-5906wju4 68 5 be be VB cord-271495-5906wju4 68 6 taken take VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 68 7 into into IN cord-271495-5906wju4 68 8 account account NN cord-271495-5906wju4 68 9 that that IN cord-271495-5906wju4 68 10 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 68 11 outcome outcome NN cord-271495-5906wju4 68 12 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 68 13 an an DT cord-271495-5906wju4 68 14 exposure exposure NN cord-271495-5906wju4 68 15 to to IN cord-271495-5906wju4 68 16 a a DT cord-271495-5906wju4 68 17 high high JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 68 18 viral viral JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 68 19 dose dose NN cord-271495-5906wju4 68 20 will will MD cord-271495-5906wju4 68 21 largely largely RB cord-271495-5906wju4 68 22 depend depend VB cord-271495-5906wju4 68 23 on on IN cord-271495-5906wju4 68 24 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 68 25 tolerance tolerance NN cord-271495-5906wju4 68 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 68 27 ability ability NN cord-271495-5906wju4 68 28 to to TO cord-271495-5906wju4 68 29 reduce reduce VB cord-271495-5906wju4 68 30 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 68 31 damage damage NN cord-271495-5906wju4 68 32 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 68 33 an an DT cord-271495-5906wju4 68 34 infection infection NN cord-271495-5906wju4 68 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 68 36 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 68 37 an an DT cord-271495-5906wju4 68 38 individual individual NN cord-271495-5906wju4 68 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 68 40 Råberg Råberg NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 68 41 et et FW cord-271495-5906wju4 68 42 al al NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 68 43 . . NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 68 44 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 68 45 2009 2009 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 68 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 68 47 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 69 1 Given give VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 69 2 equal equal JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 69 3 resistance resistance NN cord-271495-5906wju4 69 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 69 5 ability ability NN cord-271495-5906wju4 69 6 to to TO cord-271495-5906wju4 69 7 limit limit VB cord-271495-5906wju4 69 8 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 69 9 infection infection NN cord-271495-5906wju4 69 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 69 11 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 69 12 exposure exposure NN cord-271495-5906wju4 69 13 to to IN cord-271495-5906wju4 69 14 high high JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 69 15 viral viral JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 69 16 loads load NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 69 17 will will MD cord-271495-5906wju4 69 18 result result VB cord-271495-5906wju4 69 19 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 69 20 severe severe JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 69 21 disease disease NN cord-271495-5906wju4 69 22 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 69 23 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 69 24 less less RBR cord-271495-5906wju4 69 25 tolerant tolerant JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 69 26 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 69 27 high high JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 69 28 infection infection NN cord-271495-5906wju4 69 29 intensity intensity NN cord-271495-5906wju4 69 30 with with IN cord-271495-5906wju4 69 31 few few JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 69 32 manifestations manifestation NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 69 33 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 69 34 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 69 35 more more RBR cord-271495-5906wju4 69 36 tolerant tolerant JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 69 37 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 70 1 The the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 70 2 latter latter JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 70 3 case case NN cord-271495-5906wju4 70 4 is be VBZ cord-271495-5906wju4 70 5 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 70 6 special special JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 70 7 concern concern NN cord-271495-5906wju4 70 8 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 70 9 because because IN cord-271495-5906wju4 70 10 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 70 11 these these DT cord-271495-5906wju4 70 12 individuals individual NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 70 13 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 70 14 clinical clinical JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 70 15 signs sign NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 70 16 would would MD cord-271495-5906wju4 70 17 be be VB cord-271495-5906wju4 70 18 mild mild JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 70 19 or or CC cord-271495-5906wju4 70 20 absent absent JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 70 21 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 70 22 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 70 23 therefore therefore RB cord-271495-5906wju4 70 24 are be VBP cord-271495-5906wju4 70 25 likely likely JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 70 26 to to TO cord-271495-5906wju4 70 27 be be VB cord-271495-5906wju4 70 28 undetected undetected JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 70 29 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 70 30 exposing expose VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 70 31 many many JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 70 32 people people NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 70 33 to to IN cord-271495-5906wju4 70 34 high high JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 70 35 viral viral JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 70 36 loads load NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 70 37 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 71 1 On on IN cord-271495-5906wju4 71 2 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 71 3 other other JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 71 4 hand hand NN cord-271495-5906wju4 71 5 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 71 6 severe severe JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 71 7 cases case NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 71 8 may may MD cord-271495-5906wju4 71 9 be be VB cord-271495-5906wju4 71 10 important important JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 71 11 sources source NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 71 12 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 71 13 disease disease NN cord-271495-5906wju4 71 14 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 71 15 hospitals hospital NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 71 16 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 72 1 For for IN cord-271495-5906wju4 72 2 example example NN cord-271495-5906wju4 72 3 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 72 4 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 72 5 J J NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 72 6 o o NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 72 7 u u NN cord-271495-5906wju4 72 8 r r NN cord-271495-5906wju4 72 9 n n NN cord-271495-5906wju4 72 10 a a DT cord-271495-5906wju4 72 11 l l NN cord-271495-5906wju4 72 12 P p NN cord-271495-5906wju4 72 13 r r NN cord-271495-5906wju4 72 14 e e NN cord-271495-5906wju4 73 1 -p -p : cord-271495-5906wju4 74 1 r r NN cord-271495-5906wju4 74 2 o o NN cord-271495-5906wju4 74 3 o o NN cord-271495-5906wju4 74 4 f f NN cord-271495-5906wju4 74 5 6 6 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 74 6 Argentina Argentina NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 74 7 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 74 8 17 17 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 74 9 % % NN cord-271495-5906wju4 74 10 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 74 11 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 74 12 cases case NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 74 13 reported report VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 74 14 to to IN cord-271495-5906wju4 74 15 date date NN cord-271495-5906wju4 74 16 are be VBP cord-271495-5906wju4 74 17 healthcare healthcare NN cord-271495-5906wju4 74 18 workers worker NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 74 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 74 20 Infobae Infobae NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 74 21 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 74 22 2020 2020 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 74 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 74 24 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 75 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-271495-5906wju4 75 2 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 75 3 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 75 4 presence presence NN cord-271495-5906wju4 75 5 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 75 6 superspreaders superspreader NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 75 7 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 75 8 hospitals hospital NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 75 9 could could MD cord-271495-5906wju4 75 10 make make VB cord-271495-5906wju4 75 11 them -PRON- PRP cord-271495-5906wju4 75 12 nodes node NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 75 13 where where WRB cord-271495-5906wju4 75 14 cascades cascade NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 75 15 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 75 16 superspreading superspreade VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 75 17 events event NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 75 18 emerge emerge VBP cord-271495-5906wju4 75 19 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 75 20 which which WDT cord-271495-5906wju4 75 21 is be VBZ cord-271495-5906wju4 75 22 consistent consistent JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 75 23 with with IN cord-271495-5906wju4 75 24 what what WP cord-271495-5906wju4 75 25 was be VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 75 26 observed observe VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 75 27 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 75 28 Lombardy Lombardy NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 75 29 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 76 1 Disease Disease NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 76 2 is be VBZ cord-271495-5906wju4 76 3 traditionally traditionally RB cord-271495-5906wju4 76 4 studied study VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 76 5 as as IN cord-271495-5906wju4 76 6 a a DT cord-271495-5906wju4 76 7 binary binary JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 76 8 outcome outcome NN cord-271495-5906wju4 76 9 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 76 10 infected infected JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 76 11 or or CC cord-271495-5906wju4 76 12 non non JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 76 13 - - JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 76 14 infected infected JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 76 15 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 77 1 The the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 77 2 concepts concept NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 77 3 presented present VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 77 4 here here RB cord-271495-5906wju4 77 5 alert alert VB cord-271495-5906wju4 77 6 us -PRON- PRP cord-271495-5906wju4 77 7 to to IN cord-271495-5906wju4 77 8 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 77 9 value value NN cord-271495-5906wju4 77 10 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 77 11 studying study VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 77 12 disease disease NN cord-271495-5906wju4 77 13 as as IN cord-271495-5906wju4 77 14 a a DT cord-271495-5906wju4 77 15 continuous continuous JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 77 16 variable variable NN cord-271495-5906wju4 77 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 77 18 i.e. i.e. FW cord-271495-5906wju4 77 19 infection infection NN cord-271495-5906wju4 77 20 intensity intensity NN cord-271495-5906wju4 77 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 78 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 78 2 Beldomenico Beldomenico NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 78 3 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 78 4 Begon Begon NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 78 5 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 78 6 2010 2010 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 78 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 78 8 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 79 1 Measuring measure VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 79 2 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 79 3 intensity intensity NN cord-271495-5906wju4 79 4 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 79 5 an an DT cord-271495-5906wju4 79 6 infection infection NN cord-271495-5906wju4 79 7 is be VBZ cord-271495-5906wju4 79 8 crucial crucial JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 79 9 because because IN cord-271495-5906wju4 79 10 it -PRON- PRP cord-271495-5906wju4 79 11 may may MD cord-271495-5906wju4 79 12 be be VB cord-271495-5906wju4 79 13 related relate VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 79 14 to to IN cord-271495-5906wju4 79 15 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 79 16 virulence virulence NN cord-271495-5906wju4 79 17 as as RB cord-271495-5906wju4 79 18 well well RB cord-271495-5906wju4 79 19 as as IN cord-271495-5906wju4 79 20 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 79 21 infectiousness infectiousness NN cord-271495-5906wju4 79 22 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 80 1 There there EX cord-271495-5906wju4 80 2 are be VBP cord-271495-5906wju4 80 3 many many JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 80 4 studies study NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 80 5 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 80 6 different different JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 80 7 viral viral JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 80 8 diseases disease NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 80 9 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 80 10 which which WDT cord-271495-5906wju4 80 11 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 80 12 length length NN cord-271495-5906wju4 80 13 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 80 14 viral viral JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 80 15 shedding shedding NN cord-271495-5906wju4 80 16 is be VBZ cord-271495-5906wju4 80 17 recorded record VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 80 18 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 80 19 yet yet CC cord-271495-5906wju4 80 20 very very RB cord-271495-5906wju4 80 21 few few JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 80 22 produced produce VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 80 23 data datum NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 80 24 on on IN cord-271495-5906wju4 80 25 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 80 26 viral viral JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 80 27 shedding shed VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 80 28 load load NN cord-271495-5906wju4 80 29 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 81 1 The the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 81 2 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-271495-5906wju4 81 3 posited posit VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 81 4 here here RB cord-271495-5906wju4 81 5 needs need VBZ cord-271495-5906wju4 81 6 to to TO cord-271495-5906wju4 81 7 be be VB cord-271495-5906wju4 81 8 tested test VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 81 9 by by IN cord-271495-5906wju4 81 10 empirical empirical JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 81 11 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 81 12 theoretical theoretical JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 81 13 studies study NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 81 14 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 81 15 but but CC cord-271495-5906wju4 81 16 this this DT cord-271495-5906wju4 81 17 requires require VBZ cord-271495-5906wju4 81 18 that that IN cord-271495-5906wju4 81 19 data datum NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 81 20 on on IN cord-271495-5906wju4 81 21 viral viral JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 81 22 load load NN cord-271495-5906wju4 81 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 81 24 viraemia viraemia NN cord-271495-5906wju4 81 25 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 81 26 shedding shedding NN cord-271495-5906wju4 81 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 81 28 are be VBP cord-271495-5906wju4 81 29 urgently urgently RB cord-271495-5906wju4 81 30 collected collect VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 81 31 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 82 1 If if IN cord-271495-5906wju4 82 2 superspreaders superspreader NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 82 3 generate generate VBP cord-271495-5906wju4 82 4 new new JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 82 5 superspreaders superspreader NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 82 6 by by IN cord-271495-5906wju4 82 7 exposing expose VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 82 8 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 82 9 people people NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 82 10 to to IN cord-271495-5906wju4 82 11 large large JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 82 12 viral viral JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 82 13 loads load NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 82 14 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 82 15 this this DT cord-271495-5906wju4 82 16 mechanism mechanism NN cord-271495-5906wju4 82 17 should should MD cord-271495-5906wju4 82 18 be be VB cord-271495-5906wju4 82 19 immediately immediately RB cord-271495-5906wju4 82 20 acknowledged acknowledge VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 82 21 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 82 22 considered consider VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 82 23 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 82 24 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 82 25 responses response NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 82 26 being be VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 82 27 undertaken undertake VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 82 28 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 83 1 In in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 83 2 particular particular JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 83 3 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 83 4 emphasis emphasis NN cord-271495-5906wju4 83 5 should should MD cord-271495-5906wju4 83 6 be be VB cord-271495-5906wju4 83 7 placed place VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 83 8 on on IN cord-271495-5906wju4 83 9 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 83 10 isolation isolation NN cord-271495-5906wju4 83 11 or or CC cord-271495-5906wju4 83 12 strict strict JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 83 13 distancing distancing NN cord-271495-5906wju4 83 14 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 83 15 people people NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 83 16 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 83 17 risk risk NN cord-271495-5906wju4 83 18 groups group NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 83 19 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 83 20 as as IN cord-271495-5906wju4 83 21 they -PRON- PRP cord-271495-5906wju4 83 22 would would MD cord-271495-5906wju4 83 23 not not RB cord-271495-5906wju4 83 24 only only RB cord-271495-5906wju4 83 25 have have VB cord-271495-5906wju4 83 26 more more JJR cord-271495-5906wju4 83 27 chances chance NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 83 28 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 83 29 developing develop VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 83 30 a a DT cord-271495-5906wju4 83 31 more more RBR cord-271495-5906wju4 83 32 severe severe JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 83 33 disease disease NN cord-271495-5906wju4 83 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 83 35 with with IN cord-271495-5906wju4 83 36 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 83 37 potential potential NN cord-271495-5906wju4 83 38 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 83 39 overwhelming overwhelm VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 83 40 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 83 41 health health NN cord-271495-5906wju4 83 42 system system NN cord-271495-5906wju4 83 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 83 44 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 83 45 but but CC cord-271495-5906wju4 83 46 they -PRON- PRP cord-271495-5906wju4 83 47 could could MD cord-271495-5906wju4 83 48 also also RB cord-271495-5906wju4 83 49 be be VB cord-271495-5906wju4 83 50 source source NN cord-271495-5906wju4 83 51 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 83 52 high high JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 83 53 viral viral JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 83 54 loads load NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 83 55 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 84 1 In in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 84 2 addition addition NN cord-271495-5906wju4 84 3 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 84 4 aggressive aggressive JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 84 5 contact contact NN cord-271495-5906wju4 84 6 tracing tracing NN cord-271495-5906wju4 84 7 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 84 8 testing testing NN cord-271495-5906wju4 84 9 would would MD cord-271495-5906wju4 84 10 allow allow VB cord-271495-5906wju4 84 11 quick quick JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 84 12 identification identification NN cord-271495-5906wju4 84 13 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 84 14 tolerant tolerant JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 84 15 superspreaders superspreader NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 84 16 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 84 17 who who WP cord-271495-5906wju4 84 18 might may MD cord-271495-5906wju4 84 19 be be VB cord-271495-5906wju4 84 20 key key JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 84 21 elements element NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 84 22 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 84 23 propagation propagation NN cord-271495-5906wju4 84 24 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 85 1 Are be VBP cord-271495-5906wju4 85 2 SARS SARS NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 85 3 superspreaders superspreaders NNPS cord-271495-5906wju4 85 4 cloud cloud NN cord-271495-5906wju4 85 5 adults adult NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 85 6 ? ? . cord-271495-5906wju4 86 1 Disease Disease NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 86 2 spread spread VBD cord-271495-5906wju4 86 3 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 86 4 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-271495-5906wju4 86 5 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 86 6 infection infection NN cord-271495-5906wju4 86 7 intensity intensity NN cord-271495-5906wju4 86 8 : : : cord-271495-5906wju4 87 1 vicious vicious JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 87 2 circles circle NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 87 3 ? ? . cord-271495-5906wju4 88 1 Identifying identify VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 88 2 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 88 3 interrupting interrupt VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 88 4 superspreading superspreade VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 88 5 events event NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 88 6 - - : cord-271495-5906wju4 88 7 implications implication NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 88 8 for for IN cord-271495-5906wju4 88 9 control control NN cord-271495-5906wju4 88 10 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 88 11 severe severe JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 88 12 acute acute JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 88 13 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 88 14 syndrome syndrome NN cord-271495-5906wju4 88 15 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-271495-5906wju4 88 16 2 2 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 88 17 . . . cord-271495-5906wju4 89 1 Emerg Emerg NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 89 2 Infect infect VB cord-271495-5906wju4 89 3 Dis Dis NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 90 1 The the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 90 2 dose dose JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 90 3 response response NN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 4 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 5 cats cat NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 90 6 to to IN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 7 experimental experimental JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 90 8 infection infection NN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 9 with with IN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 10 Feline feline JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 90 11 Viral Viral NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 90 12 Rhinotracheitis Rhinotracheitis NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 90 13 virus virus NN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 14 Super super JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 90 15 - - JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 90 16 spreading spread VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 90 17 events event NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 90 18 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 19 MERS MERS NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 90 20 - - HYPH cord-271495-5906wju4 90 21 CoV CoV NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 90 22 infection infection NN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 23 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 90 24 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 25 Argentina Argentina NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 90 26 : : : cord-271495-5906wju4 90 27 9 9 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 90 28 deaths death NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 90 29 among among IN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 30 healthcare healthcare NN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 31 workers worker NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 90 32 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 90 33 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 90 34 number number NN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 35 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 36 infected infected JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 90 37 is be VBZ cord-271495-5906wju4 90 38 still still RB cord-271495-5906wju4 90 39 rising rise VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 90 40 Viral Viral NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 90 41 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 90 42 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 43 mild mild JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 90 44 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 90 45 severe severe JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 90 46 cases case NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 90 47 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 48 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 90 49 Superspreading Superspreading NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 90 50 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 90 51 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 90 52 effect effect NN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 53 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 54 individual individual JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 90 55 variation variation NN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 56 on on IN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 57 disease disease NN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 58 emergence emergence NN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 59 SARS SARS NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 90 60 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 61 healthcare healthcare NN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 62 facilities facility NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 90 63 Comparative Comparative NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 90 64 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 90 65 kinetic kinetic JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 90 66 analysis analysis NN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 67 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 68 viral viral JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 90 69 shedding shedding NN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 70 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 90 71 immunological immunological JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 90 72 responses response NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 90 73 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 74 MERS MERS NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 90 75 patients patient NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 90 76 representing represent VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 90 77 a a DT cord-271495-5906wju4 90 78 broad broad JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 90 79 spectrum spectrum NN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 80 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 81 disease disease NN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 82 severity severity NN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 83 Experimental experimental JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 90 84 infection infection NN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 85 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 86 ponies pony NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 90 87 with with IN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 88 equine equine JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 90 89 influenza influenza NN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 90 ( ( -LRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 90 91 H3N8 H3N8 NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 90 92 ) ) -RRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 90 93 viruses virus NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 90 94 by by IN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 95 intranasal intranasal NN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 96 inoculation inoculation NN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 97 or or CC cord-271495-5906wju4 90 98 exposure exposure NN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 99 to to IN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 100 aerosols aerosol NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 90 101 Dysregulation Dysregulation NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 90 102 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 103 Immune Immune NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 90 104 Response response NN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 105 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 106 Patients patient NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 90 107 With with IN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 108 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 90 109 2019 2019 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 90 110 ( ( -LRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 90 111 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 90 112 ) ) -RRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 90 113 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 114 Wuhan Wuhan NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 90 115 , , , cord-271495-5906wju4 90 116 China China NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 90 117 Decomposing decompose VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 90 118 health health NN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 119 : : : cord-271495-5906wju4 90 120 tolerance tolerance NN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 121 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 90 122 resistance resistance NN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 123 to to IN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 124 parasites parasite NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 90 125 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 90 126 animals animal NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 91 1 Superspreading Superspreading NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 91 2 SARS SARS NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 91 3 events event NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 91 4 Transmission Transmission NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 91 5 potential potential NN cord-271495-5906wju4 91 6 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 91 7 severity severity NN cord-271495-5906wju4 91 8 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 91 9 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 91 10 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 91 11 South South NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 91 12 Korea Korea NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 91 13 Superspreaders Superspreaders NNPS cord-271495-5906wju4 91 14 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 91 15 infectious infectious JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 91 16 diseases disease NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 92 1 Viral Viral NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 92 2 Dose Dose NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 92 3 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 92 4 Immunosuppression Immunosuppression NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 92 5 Modulate modulate VBP cord-271495-5906wju4 92 6 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 92 7 Progression progression NN cord-271495-5906wju4 92 8 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 92 9 Acute acute JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 92 10 BVDV-1 BVDV-1 NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 92 11 Infection infection NN cord-271495-5906wju4 92 12 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 92 13 Calves calf NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 92 14 : : : cord-271495-5906wju4 92 15 Evidence evidence NN cord-271495-5906wju4 92 16 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 92 17 Long Long NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 92 18 Term Term NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 92 19 Persistence Persistence NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 92 20 after after IN cord-271495-5906wju4 92 21 Intra intra JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 92 22 - - JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 92 23 Nasal Nasal NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 92 24 Infection Infection NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 92 25 Aerosol Aerosol NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 92 26 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 92 27 Surface Surface NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 92 28 Stability Stability NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 92 29 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 92 30 SARS SARS NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 92 31 - - HYPH cord-271495-5906wju4 92 32 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 93 1 as as IN cord-271495-5906wju4 93 2 Compared compare VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 93 3 with with IN cord-271495-5906wju4 93 4 SARS SARS NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 93 5 - - HYPH cord-271495-5906wju4 93 6 CoV-1 CoV-1 NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 93 7 Exploring explore VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 93 8 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 93 9 reasons reason NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 93 10 for for IN cord-271495-5906wju4 93 11 healthcare healthcare NN cord-271495-5906wju4 93 12 workers worker NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 93 13 infected infect VBN cord-271495-5906wju4 93 14 with with IN cord-271495-5906wju4 93 15 novel novel JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 93 16 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-271495-5906wju4 93 17 disease disease NN cord-271495-5906wju4 93 18 2019 2019 CD cord-271495-5906wju4 93 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 93 20 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 93 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-271495-5906wju4 93 22 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 93 23 China China NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 94 1 The the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 94 2 Role role NN cord-271495-5906wju4 94 3 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 94 4 Super Super NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 94 5 - - NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 94 6 Spreaders Spreaders NNPS cord-271495-5906wju4 94 7 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 94 8 Infectious Infectious NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 94 9 Disease Disease NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 94 10 Role role NN cord-271495-5906wju4 94 11 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 94 12 fomites fomite NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 94 13 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 94 14 SARS SARS NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 94 15 transmission transmission NN cord-271495-5906wju4 94 16 during during IN cord-271495-5906wju4 94 17 the the DT cord-271495-5906wju4 94 18 largest large JJS cord-271495-5906wju4 94 19 hospital hospital NN cord-271495-5906wju4 94 20 outbreak outbreak NN cord-271495-5906wju4 94 21 in in IN cord-271495-5906wju4 94 22 Hong Hong NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 94 23 Kong Kong NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 94 24 Influence influence NN cord-271495-5906wju4 94 25 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 94 26 inoculation inoculation NN cord-271495-5906wju4 94 27 dose dose NN cord-271495-5906wju4 94 28 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 94 29 avian avian JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 94 30 H6N2 H6N2 NNP cord-271495-5906wju4 94 31 influenza influenza NN cord-271495-5906wju4 94 32 A a DT cord-271495-5906wju4 94 33 virus virus NN cord-271495-5906wju4 94 34 on on IN cord-271495-5906wju4 94 35 virus virus NN cord-271495-5906wju4 94 36 shedding shed VBG cord-271495-5906wju4 94 37 and and CC cord-271495-5906wju4 94 38 humoral humoral JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 94 39 immune immune JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 94 40 response response NN cord-271495-5906wju4 94 41 of of IN cord-271495-5906wju4 94 42 chickens chicken NNS cord-271495-5906wju4 94 43 after after IN cord-271495-5906wju4 94 44 artificial artificial JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 94 45 experimental experimental JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 94 46 intravenous intravenous JJ cord-271495-5906wju4 94 47 infection infection NN