Carrel name: keyword-usa-cord
Creating study carrel named keyword-usa-cord
Initializing database
         file: cache/cord-000402-unr44dvp.json
          key: cord-000402-unr44dvp
      authors: Yoo, Hyun Jung; Yoon, Sung Soo; Park, Seon Yang; Lee, Eun Young; Lee, Eun Bong; Kim, Ju Han; Song, Yeong Wook
        title: Gene Expression Profile during Chondrogenesis in Human Bone Marrow derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells using a cDNA Microarray
         date: 2011-06-20
      journal: J Korean Med Sci
          DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2011.26.7.851
          sha: 
       doc_id: 402
     cord_uid: unr44dvp

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         file: cache/cord-003256-8plv9q8b.json
          key: cord-003256-8plv9q8b
      authors: Zhou, Xiaoqin; Li, Zifu; Zheng, Tianlong; Yan, Yichang; Li, Pengyu; Odey, Emmanuel Alepu; Mang, Heinz Peter; Uddin, Sayed Mohammad Nazim
        title: Review of global sanitation development
         date: 2018-11-17
      journal: Environ Int
          DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.07.047
          sha: 
       doc_id: 3256
     cord_uid: 8plv9q8b

         file: cache/cord-003334-ion97n4b.json
          key: cord-003334-ion97n4b
      authors: De Silva Senapathi, Upasama; Abdul-Cader, Mohamed Sarjoon; Amarasinghe, Aruna; van Marle, Guido; Czub, Markus; Gomis, Susantha; Abdul-Careem, Mohamed Faizal
        title: The In Ovo Delivery of CpG Oligonucleotides Protects against Infectious Bronchitis with the Recruitment of Immune Cells into the Respiratory Tract of Chickens
         date: 2018-11-15
      journal: Viruses
          DOI: 10.3390/v10110635
          sha: 
       doc_id: 3334
     cord_uid: ion97n4b

         file: cache/cord-002757-upwe0cpj.json
          key: cord-002757-upwe0cpj
      authors: Sullivan, Kathleen E.; Bassiri, Hamid; Bousfiha, Ahmed A.; Costa-Carvalho, Beatriz T.; Freeman, Alexandra F.; Hagin, David; Lau, Yu L.; Lionakis, Michail S.; Moreira, Ileana; Pinto, Jorge A.; de Moraes-Pinto, M. Isabel; Rawat, Amit; Reda, Shereen M.; Reyes, Saul Oswaldo Lugo; Seppänen, Mikko; Tang, Mimi L. K.
        title: Emerging Infections and Pertinent Infections Related to Travel for Patients with Primary Immunodeficiencies
         date: 2017-08-07
      journal: J Clin Immunol
          DOI: 10.1007/s10875-017-0426-2
          sha: 
       doc_id: 2757
     cord_uid: upwe0cpj

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         file: cache/cord-001383-hww0watl.json
          key: cord-001383-hww0watl
      authors: Li, Wenchao; Jin, Hongyan; Sui, Xiukun; Zhao, Zhanzhong; Yang, Chenghuai; Wang, Wenquan; Li, Junping; Li, Gang
        title: Self-Assembly and Release of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus-Like Particles in an Insect Cell-Baculovirus System and Their Immunogenicity in Mice and Goats
         date: 2014-08-12
      journal: PLoS One
          DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104791
          sha: 
       doc_id: 1383
     cord_uid: hww0watl

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         file: cache/cord-012826-72mz834w.json
          key: cord-012826-72mz834w
      authors: Xu, Zhen-dong; Wang, Yong; Liang, Ge; Liu, Zhi-qiang; Ma, Wu-hua; Chu, Charleen T; Wei, Hua-feng
        title: Propofol affects mouse embryonic fibroblast survival and proliferation in vitro via ATG5- and calcium-dependent regulation of autophagy
         date: 2019-10-23
      journal: Acta Pharmacol Sin
          DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0303-z
          sha: 
       doc_id: 12826
     cord_uid: 72mz834w

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         file: cache/cord-006771-n1w56x2m.json
          key: cord-006771-n1w56x2m
      authors: Liu, Chien-Ying; Liu, Yun-Hen; Lin, Shu-Min; Yu, Chih-Ten; Wang, Chun-Hua; Lin, Horng-Chyuan; Lin, Chien-Huang; Kuo, Han-Pin
        title: Apoptotic neutrophils undergoing secondary necrosis induce human lung epithelial cell detachment
         date: 2003-10-17
      journal: J Biomed Sci
          DOI: 10.1007/bf02256327
          sha: 
       doc_id: 6771
     cord_uid: n1w56x2m

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         file: cache/cord-003738-el0wyu74.json
/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/json2txt-carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes
          key: cord-003738-el0wyu74
      authors: Zhang, Qingxiu; Zhu, Wen; Xu, Fei; Dai, Xuejiao; Shi, Ligen; Cai, Wei; Mu, Hongfeng; Hitchens, T. Kevin; Foley, Lesley M.; Liu, Xiangrong; Yu, Fang; Chen, Jie; Shi, Yejie; Leak, Rehana K.; Gao, Yanqin; Chen, Jun; Hu, Xiaoming
        title: The interleukin-4/PPARγ signaling axis promotes oligodendrocyte differentiation and remyelination after brain injury
         date: 2019-06-21
      journal: PLoS Biol
          DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000330
          sha: 
       doc_id: 3738
     cord_uid: el0wyu74

         file: cache/cord-012909-o6t2srim.json
/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/json2txt-carrel.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable
          key: cord-012909-o6t2srim
      authors: Chaudhari, Jayeshbhai; Liew, Chia-Sin; Workman, Aspen M.; Riethoven, Jean-Jack M.; Steffen, David; Sillman, Sarah; Vu, Hiep L. X.
        title: Host Transcriptional Response to Persistent Infection with a Live-Attenuated Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Strain
         date: 2020-07-28
      journal: Viruses
          DOI: 10.3390/v12080817
          sha: 
       doc_id: 12909
     cord_uid: o6t2srim

         file: cache/cord-008764-j9qmw4zy.json
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          key: cord-008764-j9qmw4zy
      authors: nan
        title: Chapter 1 The need for chemotherapy and prophylaxis against viral diseases
         date: 2008-05-29
      journal: Perspect Med Virol
          DOI: 10.1016/s0168-7069(08)70009-0
          sha: 
       doc_id: 8764
     cord_uid: j9qmw4zy

         file: cache/cord-015391-zf3bx8i7.json
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          key: cord-015391-zf3bx8i7
      authors: nan
        title: President’s Plenary Session
         date: 2012-12-30
      journal: Reprod Sci
          DOI: 10.1177/1933719112442492
          sha: 
       doc_id: 15391
     cord_uid: zf3bx8i7

         file: cache/cord-248932-i1v2lyd2.json
/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/json2txt-carrel.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable
          key: cord-248932-i1v2lyd2
      authors: Madraki, Golshan; Grasso, Isabella; Otala, Jacqueline; Liu, Yu; Matthews, Jeanna
        title: Characterizing and Comparing COVID-19 Misinformation Across Languages, Countries and Platforms
         date: 2020-10-13
      journal: nan
          DOI: nan
          sha: 
       doc_id: 248932
     cord_uid: i1v2lyd2

         file: cache/cord-000698-v9k7vpi8.json
/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/json2txt-carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes
/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/json2txt-carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes
          key: cord-000698-v9k7vpi8
      authors: St. Leger, Judy; Wu, Guang; Anderson, Mark; Dalton, Les; Nilson, Erika; Wang, David
        title: West Nile Virus Infection in Killer Whale, Texas, USA, 2007
         date: 2011-08-17
      journal: Emerg Infect Dis
          DOI: 10.3201/eid1708.101979
          sha: 
       doc_id: 698
     cord_uid: v9k7vpi8

         file: cache/cord-003898-y6zpvw84.json
/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/json2txt-carrel.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable
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          key: cord-003898-y6zpvw84
      authors: Tan, Kai Sen; Andiappan, Anand Kumar; Lee, Bernett; Yan, Yan; Liu, Jing; Tang, See Aik; Lum, Josephine; He, Ting Ting; Ong, Yew Kwang; Thong, Mark; Lim, Hui Fang; Choi, Hyung Won; Rotzschke, Olaf; Chow, Vincent T; Wang, De Yun
        title: RNA Sequencing of H3N2 Influenza Virus-Infected Human Nasal Epithelial Cells from Multiple Subjects Reveals Molecular Pathways Associated with Tissue Injury and Complications
         date: 2019-08-27
      journal: Cells
          DOI: 10.3390/cells8090986
          sha: 
       doc_id: 3898
     cord_uid: y6zpvw84

         file: cache/cord-033974-0rzi7x22.json
/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/json2txt-carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes
          key: cord-033974-0rzi7x22
      authors: Boyd, Rhea W; Krieger, Nancy; Jones, Camara Phyllis
        title: In the 2020 US election, we can choose a just future
         date: 2020-10-19
      journal: Lancet
          DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32140-1
          sha: 
       doc_id: 33974
     cord_uid: 0rzi7x22

         file: cache/cord-267168-qjktnnn6.json
/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/json2txt-carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes
          key: cord-267168-qjktnnn6
      authors: Wille, Michelle; Wensman, Jonas Johansson; Larsson, Simon; van Damme, Renaud; Theelke, Anna-Karin; Hayer, Juliette; Malmberg, Maja
        title: Evolutionary genetics of canine respiratory coronavirus and recent introduction into Swedish dogs
         date: 2020-03-20
      journal: Infect Genet Evol
          DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104290
          sha: 
       doc_id: 267168
     cord_uid: qjktnnn6

         file: cache/cord-273199-xmq502gm.json
/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/json2txt-carrel.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable
          key: cord-273199-xmq502gm
      authors: Cherednik, I.
        title: A surprising formula for the spread of Covid-19 under aggressive management
         date: 2020-05-02
      journal: nan
          DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.29.20084483
          sha: 
       doc_id: 273199
     cord_uid: xmq502gm

         file: cache/cord-280807-0g1uo0rd.json
/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/json2txt-carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes
          key: cord-280807-0g1uo0rd
      authors: Tomani, Jean Claude Didelot; Kagisha, Vedaste; Tchinda, Alembert Tiabou; Jansen, Olivia; Ledoux, Allison; Vanhamme, Luc; Frederich, Michel; Muganga, Raymond; Souopgui, Jacob
        title: The Inhibition of NLRP3 Inflammasome and IL-6 Production by Hibiscus noldeae Baker f. Derived Constituents Provides a Link to Its Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutic Potentials
         date: 2020-10-14
      journal: Molecules
          DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204693
          sha: 
       doc_id: 280807
     cord_uid: 0g1uo0rd

         file: cache/cord-281395-qxu41hta.json
/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/json2txt-carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes
          key: cord-281395-qxu41hta
      authors: Rogers, M. A. M.; Rohde, J. M.; Blumberg, N.
        title: Haemovigilance of reactions associated with red blood cell transfusion: comparison across 17 Countries
         date: 2015-12-21
      journal: Vox Sang
          DOI: 10.1111/vox.12367
          sha: 
       doc_id: 281395
     cord_uid: qxu41hta

         file: cache/cord-317583-jhulvfev.json
/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/json2txt-carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes
          key: cord-317583-jhulvfev
      authors: Blanchflower, David G.
        title: Is happiness U-shaped everywhere? Age and subjective well-being in 145 countries
         date: 2020-09-09
      journal: J Popul Econ
          DOI: 10.1007/s00148-020-00797-z
          sha: 
       doc_id: 317583
     cord_uid: jhulvfev

         file: cache/cord-275787-5s442sy2.json
/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/json2txt-carrel.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable
          key: cord-275787-5s442sy2
      authors: Banerjee, Arinjay; Rapin, Noreen; Miller, Megan; Griebel, Philip; Zhou, Yan; Munster, Vincent; Misra, Vikram
        title: Generation and Characterization of Eptesicus fuscus (Big brown bat) kidney cell lines immortalized using the Myotis polyomavirus large T-antigen
         date: 2016-09-14
      journal: J Virol Methods
          DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2016.09.008
          sha: 
       doc_id: 275787
     cord_uid: 5s442sy2

         file: cache/cord-025010-3k17eyqx.json
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          key: cord-025010-3k17eyqx
      authors: Diekmann, Berend
        title: Globale Handelsordnung — mit den oder ohne die USA?
         date: 2020-05-20
      journal: Wirtschaftsdienst
          DOI: 10.1007/s10273-020-2648-9
          sha: 
       doc_id: 25010
     cord_uid: 3k17eyqx

         file: cache/cord-007383-5yb3dxse.json
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          key: cord-007383-5yb3dxse
      authors: Kang, Jun-Gu; Jeon, Kyeongseok; Choi, Hooncheol; Kim, Yuri; Kim, Hong-Il; Ro, Hyo-Jin; Seo, Yong Bok; Shin, Jua; Chung, Junho; Jeon, Yoon Kyung; Kim, Yang Soo; Lee, Keun Hwa; Cho, Nam-Hyuk
        title: Vaccination with single plasmid DNA encoding IL-12 and antigens of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus elicits complete protection in IFNAR knockout mice
         date: 2020-03-20
      journal: PLoS Negl Trop Dis
          DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007813
          sha: 
       doc_id: 7383
     cord_uid: 5yb3dxse

         file: cache/cord-275604-5u4kikov.json
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          key: cord-275604-5u4kikov
      authors: Feehan, Amy K.; Fort, Daniel; Garcia-Diaz, Julia; Price-Haywood, Eboni G.; Velasco, Cruz; Sapp, Eric; Pevey, Dawn; Seoane, Leonardo
        title: Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and Infection Fatality Ratio, Orleans and Jefferson Parishes, Louisiana, USA, May 2020
         date: 2020-11-17
      journal: Emerg Infect Dis
          DOI: 10.3201/eid2611.203029
          sha: 
       doc_id: 275604
     cord_uid: 5u4kikov

         file: cache/cord-295445-f4p00yaw.json
/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/json2txt-carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes
          key: cord-295445-f4p00yaw
      authors: Wang, Hao; Sikora, Per; Rutgersson, Carolin; Lindh, Magnus; Brodin, Tomas; Björlenius, Berndt; Larsson, D.G. Joakim; Norder, Heléne
        title: Differential removal of human pathogenic viruses from sewage by conventional and ozone treatments
         date: 2018-02-01
      journal: Int J Hyg Environ Health
          DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.01.012
          sha: 
       doc_id: 295445
     cord_uid: f4p00yaw

         file: cache/cord-270425-1ughypnx.json
/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/json2txt-carrel.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable
          key: cord-270425-1ughypnx
      authors: Louis-Jean, James; Cenat, Kenney; Njoku, Chidinma V.; Angelo, James; Sanon, Debbie
        title: Coronavirus (COVID-19) and Racial Disparities: a Perspective Analysis
         date: 2020-10-06
      journal: J Racial Ethn Health Disparities
          DOI: 10.1007/s40615-020-00879-4
          sha: 
       doc_id: 270425
     cord_uid: 1ughypnx

         file: cache/cord-290837-8g7zfeb7.json
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          key: cord-290837-8g7zfeb7
      authors: Wanandy, Troy; Honda-Okubo, Yoshikazu; Davies, Noel W.; Rose, Hayley E.; Heddle, Robert J.; Brown, Simon G.A.; Woodman, Richard J.; Petrovsky, Nikolai; Wiese, Michael D.
        title: Pharmaceutical and preclinical evaluation of Advax adjuvant as a dose-sparing strategy for ant venom immunotherapy
         date: 2019-08-05
      journal: Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis
          DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.04.017
          sha: 
       doc_id: 290837
     cord_uid: 8g7zfeb7

         file: cache/cord-273557-t7t8qqkl.json
/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/json2txt-carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes
          key: cord-273557-t7t8qqkl
      authors: Boumans, Dorine; Fuest, Clemens; Krolage, Carla; Wohlrabe, Klaus
        title: Expected effects of the US tax reform on other countries: global and local survey evidence
         date: 2020-08-11
      journal: Int Tax Public Financ
          DOI: 10.1007/s10797-020-09618-1
          sha: 
       doc_id: 273557
     cord_uid: t7t8qqkl

         file: cache/cord-297332-rzf0cw1x.json
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          key: cord-297332-rzf0cw1x
      authors: Wang, Qidi; Zhang, Lianfeng; Kuwahara, Kazuhiko; Li, Li; Liu, Zijie; Li, Taisheng; Zhu, Hua; Liu, Jiangning; Xu, Yanfeng; Xie, Jing; Morioka, Hiroshi; Sakaguchi, Nobuo; Qin, Chuan; Liu, Gang
        title: Immunodominant SARS Coronavirus Epitopes in Humans Elicited both Enhancing and Neutralizing Effects on Infection in Non-human Primates
         date: 2016-04-11
      journal: ACS Infectious Diseases
          DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.6b00006
          sha: 
       doc_id: 297332
     cord_uid: rzf0cw1x

         file: cache/cord-001521-l36f1gp7.json
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          key: cord-001521-l36f1gp7
      authors: nan
        title: Oral and Poster Manuscripts
         date: 2011-04-08
      journal: Influenza Other Respir Viruses
          DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00209.x
          sha: 
       doc_id: 1521
     cord_uid: l36f1gp7

         file: cache/cord-019032-vdiaexbw.json
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          key: cord-019032-vdiaexbw
      authors: Kshetri, Nir
        title: China
         date: 2020
      journal: The Statesman’s Yearbook 2020
          DOI: 10.1057/978-1-349-95940-2_49
          sha: 
       doc_id: 19032
     cord_uid: vdiaexbw

         file: cache/cord-257190-iesysf3l.json
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          key: cord-257190-iesysf3l
      authors: Eshaghi, Majid; Tan, Wen Siang; Chin, Wai Kit; Yusoff, Khatijah
        title: Purification of the extra-cellular domain of Nipah virus glycoprotein produced in Escherichia coli and possible application in diagnosis
         date: 2005-03-30
      journal: J Biotechnol
          DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2004.10.020
          sha: 
       doc_id: 257190
     cord_uid: iesysf3l

         file: cache/cord-009439-wvlczk62.json
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          key: cord-009439-wvlczk62
      authors: Park, Hyun-Jun; Jang, Hye Rim; Park, Shi-Young; Kim, Young-Bum; Lee, Hui-Young; Choi, Cheol Soo
        title: The essential role of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 2 enzyme in thermal homeostasis upon cold stress
         date: 2020-03-16
      journal: Exp Mol Med
          DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0402-4
          sha: 
       doc_id: 9439
     cord_uid: wvlczk62

         file: cache/cord-285505-8norumv6.json
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          key: cord-285505-8norumv6
      authors: Vere Hodge, R. Anthony
        title: Meeting report: 27th International conference on antiviral research, in Raleigh, NC, USA
         date: 2014-09-16
      journal: Antiviral Res
          DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.08.009
          sha: 
       doc_id: 285505
     cord_uid: 8norumv6

         file: cache/cord-309488-8guapzke.json
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          key: cord-309488-8guapzke
      authors: Dodd, R.
        title: Other emerging viral pathogens
         date: 2006-08-15
      journal: ISBT Sci Ser
          DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-2824.2006.00043.x
          sha: 
       doc_id: 309488
     cord_uid: 8guapzke

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         file: cache/cord-270556-lyrgwxit.json
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          key: cord-270556-lyrgwxit
      authors: Winnicka, Beata; O'Conor, Catherine; Schacke, Wolfgang; Vernier, Kaitlyn; Grant, Christina L.; Fenteany, Fiona Hall; Pereira, Flavia E.; Liang, Brannen; Kaur, Anupinder; Zhao, Ran; Montrose, David C.; Rosenberg, Daniel W.; Aguila, Hector L.; Shapiro, Linda H.
        title: CD13 is dispensable for normal hematopoiesis and myeloid cell functions in the mouse
         date: 2010-04-29
      journal: Journal of Leukocyte Biology
          DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0210065
          sha: 
       doc_id: 270556
     cord_uid: lyrgwxit

         file: cache/cord-023837-kenstpja.json
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          key: cord-023837-kenstpja
      authors: nan
        title: China
         date: 2019
      journal: The Statesman’s Yearbook 2019
          DOI: 10.1007/978-1-349-95321-9_204
          sha: 
       doc_id: 23837
     cord_uid: kenstpja

         file: cache/cord-270143-muxrxvyo.json
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          key: cord-270143-muxrxvyo
      authors: Markotter, Wanda; Geldenhuys, Marike; Jansen van Vuren, Petrus; Kemp, Alan; Mortlock, Marinda; Mudakikwa, Antoine; Nel, Louis; Nziza, Julius; Paweska, Janusz; Weyer, Jacqueline
        title: Paramyxo- and Coronaviruses in Rwandan Bats
         date: 2019-07-02
      journal: Trop Med Infect Dis
          DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed4030099
          sha: 
       doc_id: 270143
     cord_uid: muxrxvyo

         file: cache/cord-305303-82n96ukr.json
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          key: cord-305303-82n96ukr
      authors: Shapira, Assaf; Shapira, Shiran; Gal-Tanamy, Meital; Zemel, Romy; Tur-Kaspa, Ran; Benhar, Itai
        title: Removal of Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Cells by a Zymogenized Bacterial Toxin
         date: 2012-02-16
      journal: PLoS One
          DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032320
          sha: 
       doc_id: 305303
     cord_uid: 82n96ukr

         file: cache/cord-293747-ds8rhbkv.json
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          key: cord-293747-ds8rhbkv
      authors: Lani, Rafidah; Hassandarvish, Pouya; Chiam, Chun Wei; Moghaddam, Ehsan; Chu, Justin Jang Hann; Rausalu, Kai; Merits, Andres; Higgs, Stephen; Vanlandingham, Dana; Abu Bakar, Sazaly; Zandi, Keivan
        title: Antiviral activity of silymarin against chikungunya virus
         date: 2015-06-16
      journal: Sci Rep
          DOI: 10.1038/srep11421
          sha: 
       doc_id: 293747
     cord_uid: ds8rhbkv

         file: cache/cord-292643-n6xp5mlz.json
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          key: cord-292643-n6xp5mlz
      authors: Hall, Richard J.; Wang, Jing; Todd, Angela K.; Bissielo, Ange B.; Yen, Seiha; Strydom, Hugo; Moore, Nicole E.; Ren, Xiaoyun; Huang, Q. Sue; Carter, Philip E.; Peacey, Matthew
        title: Evaluation of rapid and simple techniques for the enrichment of viruses prior to metagenomic virus discovery
         date: 2013-09-13
      journal: J Virol Methods
          DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.08.035
          sha: 
       doc_id: 292643
     cord_uid: n6xp5mlz

         file: cache/cord-282466-r2sjv9ih.json
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          key: cord-282466-r2sjv9ih
      authors: Antas, Marta; Woźniakowski, Grzegorz
        title: Current Status of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea (PED) in European Pigs
         date: 2019-10-24
      journal: J Vet Res
          DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2019-0064
          sha: 
       doc_id: 282466
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         file: cache/cord-318282-ocgfgx9r.json
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          key: cord-318282-ocgfgx9r
      authors: Boyce, John M; Cookson, Barry; Christiansen, Keryn; Hori, Satoshi; Vuopio-Varkila, Jaana; Kocagöz, Sesin; Öztop, A Yasemin; Vandenbroucke-Grauls, Christina MJE; Harbarth, Stephan; Pittet, Didier
        title: Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
         date: 2005-10-31
      journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases
          DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(05)70243-7
          sha: 
       doc_id: 318282
     cord_uid: ocgfgx9r

         file: cache/cord-292231-vxaqizkj.json
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          key: cord-292231-vxaqizkj
      authors: Bouquet, Jerome; Tabor, David E.; Silver, Jonathan S.; Nair, Varsha; Tovchigrechko, Andrey; Griffin, M. Pamela; Esser, Mark T.; Sellman, Bret R.; Jin, Hong
        title: Microbial burden and viral exacerbations in a longitudinal multicenter COPD cohort
         date: 2020-03-30
      journal: Respir Res
          DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01340-0
          sha: 
       doc_id: 292231
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         file: cache/cord-287647-0nyquokt.json
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          key: cord-287647-0nyquokt
      authors: Nemoto, Manabu; Schofield, Warren; Cullinane, Ann
        title: The First Detection of Equine Coronavirus in Adult Horses and Foals in Ireland
         date: 2019-10-14
      journal: Viruses
          DOI: 10.3390/v11100946
          sha: 
       doc_id: 287647
     cord_uid: 0nyquokt

         file: cache/cord-287807-4aee9wbu.json
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          key: cord-287807-4aee9wbu
      authors: Kennedy, J. L.; Denson, J. L.; Schwalm, K. S.; Stoner, A. N.; Kincaid, J. C.; Abramo, T. J.; Thompson, T. M.; Ulloa, E. M.; Burchiel, S. W.; Dinwiddie, D. L.
        title: Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel WU Polyomavirus Isolate from Arkansas, USA, Associated with Acute Respiratory Infection
         date: 2017-01-12
      journal: Genome Announc
          DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01452-16
          sha: 
       doc_id: 287807
     cord_uid: 4aee9wbu

         file: cache/cord-300904-folzz3nu.json
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          key: cord-300904-folzz3nu
      authors: Uzuner, Gizem; Akadiri, Seyi Saint; Alola, Andrew Adewale
        title: Tourist arrivals in four major economies: another side of economic policy uncertainty and fear
         date: 2020-05-26
      journal: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
          DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09219-9
          sha: 
       doc_id: 300904
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          key: cord-309379-ml75kvl5
      authors: Kanger, Laur; Sillak, Silver
        title: Emergence, consolidation and dominance of meta-regimes: Exploring the historical evolution of mass production (1765–1972) from the deep transitions perspective
         date: 2020-09-09
      journal: Technol Soc
          DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101393
          sha: 
       doc_id: 309379
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      authors: Upadhyay, Ranjit Kumar; Chatterjee, Sourin; Saha, Satvik; Azad, Rajeev K.
        title: Age-group-targeted testing for COVID-19 as a new prevention strategy
         date: 2020-09-01
      journal: Nonlinear Dyn
          DOI: 10.1007/s11071-020-05879-x
          sha: 
       doc_id: 308328
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         file: cache/cord-034191-qqb2knmo.json
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          key: cord-034191-qqb2knmo
      authors: Alayi, Tchilabalo D.; Tawalbeh, Shefa M.; Ogundele, Michael; Smith, Holly R.; Samsel, Alison M.; Barbieri, Marissa L.; Hathout, Yetrib
        title: Tandem Mass Tag-Based Serum Proteome Profiling for Biomarker Discovery in Young Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Boys
         date: 2020-10-06
      journal: ACS Omega
          DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03206
          sha: 
       doc_id: 34191
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         file: cache/cord-258468-52gej3co.json
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          key: cord-258468-52gej3co
      authors: Marcekova, Zuzana; Psikal, Ivan; Kosinova, Eva; Benada, Oldrich; Sebo, Peter; Bumba, Ladislav
        title: Heterologous expression of full-length capsid protein of porcine circovirus 2 in Escherichia coli and its potential use for detection of antibodies
         date: 2009-08-05
      journal: J Virol Methods
          DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.07.028
          sha: 
       doc_id: 258468
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         file: cache/cord-254874-ug0ler5e.json
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          key: cord-254874-ug0ler5e
      authors: Ramos-Rincón, José M.; Pinargote-Celorio, Héctor; Belinchón-Romero, Isabel; González-Alcaide, Gregorio
        title: A snapshot of pneumonia research activity and collaboration patterns (2001–2015): a global bibliometric analysis
         date: 2019-09-05
      journal: BMC Med Res Methodol
          DOI: 10.1186/s12874-019-0819-4
          sha: 
       doc_id: 254874
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      authors: Resende, Talita Pilar; Medida, Ramya Lekha; Guo, Yue; Vannucci, Fabio A.; Saqui-Salces, Milena; Gebhart, Connie
        title: Evaluation of mouse enteroids as a model for Lawsonia intracellularis infection
         date: 2019-07-19
      journal: Vet Res
          DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0672-9
          sha: 
       doc_id: 295661
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          key: cord-271176-wdc4p4bc
      authors: González-Scarano, Francisco; Rima, Bert
        title: Infectious etiology in multiple sclerosis: the debate continues
         date: 1999-12-01
      journal: Trends Microbiol
          DOI: 10.1016/s0966-842x(99)01634-0
          sha: 
       doc_id: 271176
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          key: cord-013178-li1x1m25
      authors: Hung, Ling-Chu
        title: The Monoclonal Antibody Recognized the Open Reading Frame Protein in Porcine Circovirus Type 2-Infected Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
         date: 2020-08-29
      journal: Viruses
          DOI: 10.3390/v12090961
          sha: 
       doc_id: 13178
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          key: cord-024047-wg7hew1b
      authors: Lennox, Angela M.
        title: Equipment for Exotic Mammal and Reptile Diagnostics and Surgery
         date: 2006-06-29
      journal: J Exot Pet Med
          DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2006.02.005
          sha: 
       doc_id: 24047
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          key: cord-035277-napw1pxe
      authors: Paul, Swarna Kamal; Jana, Saikat; Bhaumik, Parama
        title: A Multivariate Spatiotemporal Model of COVID-19 Epidemic Using Ensemble of ConvLSTM Networks
         date: 2020-11-11
      journal: J
          DOI: 10.1007/s40031-020-00517-x
          sha: 
       doc_id: 35277
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         file: cache/cord-029201-hkq7wti5.json
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          key: cord-029201-hkq7wti5
      authors: Haukkala, Hiski
        title: Nonpolar Europe? Examining the causes and drivers behind the decline of ordering agents in Europe
         date: 2020-07-15
      journal: Int Polit
          DOI: 10.1057/s41311-020-00257-1
          sha: 
       doc_id: 29201
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          key: cord-253609-vi2fb43t
      authors: Gopinathannair, Rakesh; Merchant, Faisal M.; Lakkireddy, Dhanunjaya R.; Etheridge, Susan P.; Feigofsky, Suzy; Han, Janet K.; Kabra, Rajesh; Natale, Andrea; Poe, Stacy; Saha, Sandeep A.; Russo, Andrea M.
        title: COVID-19 and cardiac arrhythmias: a global perspective on arrhythmia characteristics and management strategies
         date: 2020-06-03
      journal: J Interv Card Electrophysiol
          DOI: 10.1007/s10840-020-00789-9
          sha: 
       doc_id: 253609
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      authors: Nagarajan, Kiran Koushik; Bali, Atul; Malayala, Srikrishna Varun; Adhikari, Ramesh
        title: Prevalence of US-trained International Medical Graduates (IMG) physicians awaiting permanent residency: a quantitative analysis
         date: 2020-10-29
      journal: nan
          DOI: 10.1080/20009666.2020.1816274
          sha: 
       doc_id: 35181
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         file: cache/cord-020010-q58x6xb0.json
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          key: cord-020010-q58x6xb0
      authors: nan
        title: 19th ICAR Abstracts:
         date: 2006-03-13
      journal: Antiviral Res
          DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2006.02.001
          sha: 
       doc_id: 20010
     cord_uid: q58x6xb0

         file: cache/cord-026579-k3w8h961.json
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          key: cord-026579-k3w8h961
      authors: Carr, Paul R.
        title: Shooting Yourself First in the Foot, then in the Head: Normative Democracy Is Suffocating, and then the Coronavirus Came to Light
         date: 2020-06-10
      journal: Postdigit Sci Educ
          DOI: 10.1007/s42438-020-00142-3
          sha: 
       doc_id: 26579
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         file: cache/cord-303165-ikepr2p2.json
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      authors: Tulchinsky, Theodore H.; Varavikova, Elena A.
        title: Expanding the Concept of Public Health
         date: 2014-10-10
      journal: The New Public Health
          DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415766-8.00002-1
          sha: 
       doc_id: 303165
     cord_uid: ikepr2p2

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      authors: Boylan, Brandon M.; McBeath, Jerry; Wang, Bo
        title: US–China Relations: Nationalism, the Trade War, and COVID-19
         date: 2020-10-04
      journal: Fudan J
          DOI: 10.1007/s40647-020-00302-6
          sha: 
       doc_id: 33146
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      authors: DREESEN, DAVID W.
        title: Animal Vaccines
         date: 2007-09-05
      journal: Rabies
          DOI: 10.1016/b978-012369366-2/50016-6
          sha: 
       doc_id: 275210
     cord_uid: baqaqsli

         file: cache/cord-013601-y8pc4qfc.json
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      authors: Zhou, Bo-ya; Wang, Wen-bo; Wu, Xiao-li; Zhang, Wen-jie; Zhou, Guang-dong; Gao, Zhen; Liu, Wei
        title: Nintedanib inhibits keloid fibroblast functions by blocking the phosphorylation of multiple kinases and enhancing receptor internalization
         date: 2020-04-23
      journal: Acta Pharmacol Sin
          DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0381-y
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      authors: Song, Xiang; Hu, Wei; Yu, Haibo; Zhao, Laura; Zhao, Yeqian; Zhao, Yong
        title: High expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) on tissue macrophages that may be targeted by virus SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients
         date: 2020-07-19
      journal: bioRxiv
          DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.18.210120
          sha: 
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      authors: Ecker, Jeffrey W.; Kirchenbaum, Greg A.; Pierce, Spencer R.; Skarlupka, Amanda L.; Abreu, Rodrigo B.; Cooper, R. Ethan; Taylor-Mulneix, Dawn; Ross, Ted M.; Sautto, Giuseppe A.
        title: High-Yield Expression and Purification of Recombinant Influenza Virus Proteins from Stably-Transfected Mammalian Cell Lines
         date: 2020-08-21
      journal: Vaccines (Basel)
          DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030462
          sha: 
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      authors: Chikhlikar, Priya; de Arruda, Luciana Barros; Maciel, Milton; Silvera, Peter; Lewis, Mark G.; August, J. Thomas; Marques, Ernesto T.A.
        title: DNA Encoding an HIV-1 Gag/Human Lysosome-Associated Membrane Protein-1 Chimera Elicits a Broad Cellular and Humoral Immune Response in Rhesus Macaques
         date: 2006-12-27
      journal: PLoS One
          DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000135
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      authors: Ji, Wen-Jie; Ma, Yong-Qiang; Zhou, Xin; Zhang, Yi-Dan; Lu, Rui-Yi; Guo, Zhao-Zeng; Sun, Hai-Ying; Hu, Dao-Chuan; Yang, Guo-Hong; Li, Yu-Ming; Wei, Lu-Qing
        title: Spironolactone Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Injury Partially via Modulating Mononuclear Phagocyte Phenotype Switching in Circulating and Alveolar Compartments
         date: 2013-11-19
      journal: PLoS One
          DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081090
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      authors: Klomp, Richard W.; Jones, Laurie; Watanabe, Emi; Thompson, William W.
        title: CDC’s Multiple Approaches to Safeguard the Health, Safety, and Resilience of Ebola Responders
         date: 2019-12-10
      journal: Prehosp Disaster Med
          DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x19005144
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      authors: Desmonts de Lamache, D.; Moges, R.; Siddiq, A.; Allain, T.; Feener, T. D.; Muench, G. P.; McKenna, N.; Yates, R. M.; Buret, A. G.
        title: Immuno-modulating properties of Tulathromycin in porcine monocyte-derived macrophages infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
         date: 2019-08-23
      journal: PLoS One
          DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221560
          sha: 
       doc_id: 3841
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         file: cache/cord-260618-k0y0fz7k.json
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          key: cord-260618-k0y0fz7k
      authors: Belli, Simone; Mugnaini, Rogério; Baltà, Joan; Abadal, Ernest
        title: Coronavirus mapping in scientific publications: When science advances rapidly and collectively, is access to this knowledge open to society?
         date: 2020-07-01
      journal: Scientometrics
          DOI: 10.1007/s11192-020-03590-7
          sha: 
       doc_id: 260618
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          key: cord-284113-qboon2uv
      authors: Zheljazkov, Valtcho D.; Sikora, Vladimir; Dincheva, Ivayla; Kačániová, Miroslava; Astatkie, Tess; Semerdjieva, Ivanka B.; Latkovic, Dragana
        title: Industrial, CBD, and Wild Hemp: How Different Are Their Essential Oil Profile and Antimicrobial Activity?
         date: 2020-10-12
      journal: Molecules
          DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204631
          sha: 
       doc_id: 284113
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         file: cache/cord-006876-v2m5l5wz.json
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          key: cord-006876-v2m5l5wz
      authors: nan
        title: Neurocritical Care Society 14(th) Annual Meeting
         date: 2016-08-11
      journal: Neurocrit Care
          DOI: 10.1007/s12028-016-0301-7
          sha: 
       doc_id: 6876
     cord_uid: v2m5l5wz

         file: cache/cord-263453-7v4y02j6.json
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          key: cord-263453-7v4y02j6
      authors: Nishiura, Hiroshi; Klinkenberg, Don; Roberts, Mick; Heesterbeek, Johan A. P.
        title: Early Epidemiological Assessment of the Virulence of Emerging Infectious Diseases: A Case Study of an Influenza Pandemic
         date: 2009-08-31
      journal: PLoS One
          DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006852
          sha: 
       doc_id: 263453
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         file: cache/cord-028341-93e30n3n.json
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          key: cord-028341-93e30n3n
      authors: Bünte, Claudia
        title: China und die Wirtschaft: Der Riese erwacht nicht, er ist längst auf der Überholspur
         date: 2020-06-26
      journal: Die chinesische KI-Revolution
          DOI: 10.1007/978-3-658-29795-4_2
          sha: 
       doc_id: 28341
     cord_uid: 93e30n3n

         file: cache/cord-281713-3iu8qx7n.json
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          key: cord-281713-3iu8qx7n
      authors: Ronquillo, Jay G; Lester, William T; Zuckerman, Diana M
        title: Using informatics to guide public health policy during the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA
         date: 2020-07-13
      journal: J Public Health (Oxf)
          DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa081
          sha: 
       doc_id: 281713
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          key: cord-321346-epsp3bbm
      authors: Luppa, Peter B.; Müller, Carolin; Schlichtiger, Alice; Schlebusch, Harald
        title: Point-of-care testing (POCT): Current techniques and future perspectives
         date: 2011-03-21
      journal: Trends Analyt Chem
          DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2011.01.019
          sha: 
       doc_id: 321346
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          key: cord-025009-01hsn3us
      authors: Poitiers, Niclas Frederic
        title: Institutionelle Aspekte einer neuen Handelsordnung
         date: 2020-05-20
      journal: Wirtschaftsdienst
          DOI: 10.1007/s10273-020-2649-8
          sha: 
       doc_id: 25009
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      authors: Mendenhall, Emily
        title: The COVID-19 syndemic is not global: context matters
         date: 2020-10-22
      journal: Lancet
          DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32218-2
          sha: 
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      authors: nan
        title: Speaking up against inequity and racism
         date: 2020-06-16
      journal: Nat Cancer
          DOI: 10.1038/s43018-020-0091-x
          sha: 
       doc_id: 304492
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          key: cord-018839-yfaji9cv
      authors: Kim, Yong-kyun; Sohn, Hong-Gyoo
        title: Disaster Theory
         date: 2017-07-11
      journal: Disaster Risk Management in the Republic of Korea
          DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4789-3_2
          sha: 
       doc_id: 18839
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          key: cord-023442-4vzwc2d2
      authors: nan
        title: Proceedings of SCANNING 94/SEEMS 94 Charleston, South Carolina, USA
         date: 2006-12-05
      journal: Scanning
          DOI: 10.1002/sca.4950160315
          sha: 
       doc_id: 23442
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         file: cache/cord-328865-ekgqdjlk.json
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      authors: Anand, Shuchi; Montez-Rath, Maria; Han, Jialin; Bozeman, Julie; Kerschmann, Russell; Beyer, Paul; Parsonnet, Julie; Chertow, Glenn M
        title: Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in a large nationwide sample of patients on dialysis in the USA: a cross-sectional study
         date: 2020-09-25
      journal: Lancet
          DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32009-2
          sha: 
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      authors: Klingelhöfer, Doris; Braun, Markus; Brüggmann, Dörthe; Groneberg, David A
        title: Coronavirus: An insight into global research until outbreak of COVID-19 and its implications for the future
         date: 2020-09-23
      journal: Journal of global health
          DOI: 10.7189/jogh.10.020508
          sha: 
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      authors: García-Colón, Ismael
        title: The COVID-19 spring and the expendability of guestworkers
         date: 2020-07-29
      journal: Dialect Anthropol
          DOI: 10.1007/s10624-020-09601-6
          sha: 
       doc_id: 326189
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      authors: Johnstone, Phil; McLeish, Caitriona
        title: World wars and the age of oil: Exploring directionality in deep energy transitions
         date: 2020-09-04
      journal: Energy Res Soc Sci
          DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2020.101732
          sha: 
       doc_id: 325484
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      authors: Poelman, Randy; Schölvinck, Elisabeth H.; Borger, Renze; Niesters, Hubert G.M.; van Leer-Buter, Coretta
        title: The emergence of enterovirus D68 in a Dutch University Medical Center and the necessity for routinely screening for respiratory viruses
         date: 2014-11-15
      journal: J Clin Virol
          DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2014.11.011
          sha: 
       doc_id: 313821
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      authors: Alola, Andrew Adewale; Alola, Uju Violet; Sarkodie, Samuel Asumadu
        title: The nCOVID-19 and financial stress in the USA: health is wealth
         date: 2020-10-08
      journal: Environ Dev Sustain
          DOI: 10.1007/s10668-020-01029-w
          sha: 
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          key: cord-272497-ww9o1kjr
      authors: Al-Anzi, Bader S.; Alenizi, Mohammad; Al Dallal, Jehad; Abookleesh, Frage Lhadi; Ullah, Aman
        title: An Overview of the World Current and Future Assessment of Novel COVID-19 Trajectory, Impact, and Potential Preventive Strategies at Healthcare Settings
         date: 2020-09-25
      journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health
          DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197016
          sha: 
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      authors: Bradley, Benjamin T; Maioli, Heather; Johnston, Robert; Chaudhry, Irfan; Fink, Susan L; Xu, Haodong; Najafian, Behzad; Deutsch, Gail; Lacy, J Matthew; Williams, Timothy; Yarid, Nicole; Marshall, Desiree A
        title: Histopathology and ultrastructural findings of fatal COVID-19 infections in Washington State: a case series
         date: 2020-07-16
      journal: Lancet
          DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31305-2
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      authors: nan
        title: 2017 Peripheral Nerve Society Meeting July 8–12, 2017 Sitges, Barcelona, Spain
         date: 2017-06-22
      journal: J Peripher Nerv Syst
          DOI: 10.1111/jns.12225
          sha: 
       doc_id: 23049
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      authors: Mejia, Rojelio; Hotez, Peter; Bottazzi, Maria Elena
        title: Global COVID-19 Efforts as the Platform to Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals
         date: 2020-08-20
      journal: Curr Trop Med Rep
          DOI: 10.1007/s40475-020-00209-y
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      authors: Godakova, Svetlana A.; Noskov, Anatoly N.; Vinogradova, Irina D.; Ugriumova, Galina A.; Solovyev, Andrey I.; Esmagambetov, Ilias B.; Tukhvatulin, Amir I.; Logunov, Denis Y.; Naroditsky, Boris S.; Shcheblyakov, Dmitry V.; Gintsburg, Aleksandr L.
        title: Camelid VHHs Fused to Human Fc Fragments Provide Long Term Protection Against Botulinum Neurotoxin A in Mice
         date: 2019-08-07
      journal: Toxins (Basel)
          DOI: 10.3390/toxins11080464
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         file: cache/cord-336012-8klkojpo.json
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      authors: Harilal, Divinlal; Ramaswamy, Sathishkumar; Loney, Tom; Suwaidi, Hanan Al; Khansaheb, Hamda; Alkhaja, Abdulmajeed; Varghese, Rupa; Deesi, Zulfa; Nowotny, Norbert; Alsheikh-Ali, Alawi; Tayoun, Ahmad Abou
        title: SARS-CoV-2 Whole Genome Amplification and Sequencing for Effective Population-Based Surveillance and Control of Viral Transmission
         date: 2020-06-18
      journal: bioRxiv
          DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.06.138339
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      authors: Zhan, Choujun; Tse, Chi K.; Lai, Zhikang; Chen, Xiaoyun; Mo, Mingshen
        title: General Model for COVID-19 Spreading with Consideration of Intercity Migration, Insufficient Testing and Active Intervention: Application to Study of Pandemic Progression in Japan and USA
         date: 2020-03-30
      journal: nan
          DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.25.20043380
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      authors: Lee, Jenny J.; Haupt, John P.
        title: Scientific globalism during a global crisis: research collaboration and open access publications on COVID-19
         date: 2020-07-24
      journal: High Educ (Dordr)
          DOI: 10.1007/s10734-020-00589-0
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      authors: Mimkes, J.; Janssen, R.
        title: Test-adjusted results of mortality for Covid-19 in Germany, USA, UK
         date: 2020-11-04
      journal: nan
          DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.03.20225268
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      authors: Kumar, Roshan; Verma, Helianthous; Singhvi, Nirjara; Sood, Utkarsh; Gupta, Vipin; Singh, Mona; Kumari, Rashmi; Hira, Princy; Nagar, Shekhar; Talwar, Chandni; Nayyar, Namita; Anand, Shailly; Rawat, Charu Dogra; Verma, Mansi; Negi, Ram Krishan; Singh, Yogendra; Lal, Rup
        title: Comparative Genomic Analysis of Rapidly Evolving SARS-CoV-2 Viruses Reveal Mosaic Pattern of Phylogeographical Distribution
         date: 2020-04-16
      journal: bioRxiv
          DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.25.006213
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      authors: Balzano, Francesca; Garroni, Giuseppe; Cruciani, Sara; Bellu, Emanuela; Dei Giudici, Silvia; Oggiano, Annalisa; Capobianco, Giampiero; Dessole, Salvatore; Ventura, Carlo; Maioli, Margherita
        title: Behavioral Changes in Stem-Cell Potency by HepG2-Exhausted Medium
         date: 2020-08-12
      journal: Cells
          DOI: 10.3390/cells9081890
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      authors: Wei, Maryann
        title: Social Distancing and Lockdown – An Introvert’s Paradise? An Empirical Investigation on the Association Between Introversion and the Psychological Impact of COVID19-Related Circumstantial Changes
         date: 2020-09-17
      journal: Front Psychol
          DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.561609
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      authors: Tulchinsky, Theodore H.; Varavikova, Elena A.
        title: Planning and Managing Health Systems
         date: 2014-10-10
      journal: The New Public Health
          DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415766-8.00012-4
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      authors: Velásquez, Ricardo Manuel Arias; Lara, Jennifer Vanessa Mejia
        title: Forecast and evaluation of COVID-19 spreading in USA with Reduced-space Gaussian process regression
         date: 2020-05-22
      journal: Chaos Solitons Fractals
          DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109924
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      authors: Groneberg, David A.; Braumann, Hannah; Rolle, Stefan; Quarcoo, David; Klingelhöfer, Doris; Fischer, Axel; Nienhaus, Albert; Brüggmann, Dörthe
        title: Needlestick injuries: a density-equalizing mapping and socioeconomic analysis of the global research
         date: 2020-05-05
      journal: Int Arch Occup Environ Health
          DOI: 10.1007/s00420-020-01547-0
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      authors: Natesan, Mohan; Ulrich, Robert G.
        title: Protein Microarrays and Biomarkers of Infectious Disease
         date: 2010-12-16
      journal: Int J Mol Sci
          DOI: 10.3390/ijms11125165
          sha: 
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         file: cache/cord-343740-vcys2q2t.json
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      authors: Kawachi, Ichiro
        title: COVID-19 and the ‘rediscovery’ of health inequities
         date: 2020-09-24
      journal: Int J Epidemiol
          DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa159
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      authors: Smith, K. M.; Zambrana-Torrelio, C.; White, A.; Asmussen, M.; Machalaba, C.; Kennedy, S.; Lopez, K.; Wolf, T. M.; Daszak, P.; Travis, D. A.; Karesh, W. B.
        title: Summarizing US Wildlife Trade with an Eye Toward Assessing the Risk of Infectious Disease Introduction
         date: 2017-02-07
      journal: Ecohealth
          DOI: 10.1007/s10393-017-1211-7
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      authors: Milani, Fabio
        title: COVID-19 outbreak, social response, and early economic effects: a global VAR analysis of cross-country interdependencies
         date: 2020-08-19
      journal: J Popul Econ
          DOI: 10.1007/s00148-020-00792-4
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      authors: Costa, Kauê M.; Sengupta, Ayesha
        title: Short-term scholar visas are essential for science
         date: 2020-10-16
      journal: Neuropsychopharmacology
          DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-00880-9
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      authors: Pharo, Elizabeth A.; Williams, Sinéad M.; Boyd, Victoria; Sundaramoorthy, Vinod; Durr, Peter A.; Baker, Michelle L.
        title: Host–Pathogen Responses to Pandemic Influenza H1N1pdm09 in a Human Respiratory Airway Model
         date: 2020-06-24
      journal: Viruses
          DOI: 10.3390/v12060679
          sha: 
       doc_id: 347053
     cord_uid: m5m4zgfy

         file: cache/cord-257167-rz4r5sj7.json
/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/json2txt-carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes
/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/json2txt-carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes
          key: cord-257167-rz4r5sj7
      authors: nan
        title: Abstracts for the 29th Annual Meeting of the Japan Neuroscience Society (Neuroscience2006)
         date: 2006-12-31
      journal: Neuroscience Research
          DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2006.04.004
          sha: 
       doc_id: 257167
     cord_uid: rz4r5sj7

         file: cache/cord-031907-ilhr3iu5.json
/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/json2txt-carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes
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/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/json2txt-carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes
          key: cord-031907-ilhr3iu5
      authors: nan
        title: ISEV2020 Abstract Book
         date: 2020-07-15
      journal: nan
          DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2020.1784511
          sha: 
       doc_id: 31907
     cord_uid: ilhr3iu5

         file: cache/cord-023211-kt5gt26t.json
/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/json2txt-carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes
/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/json2txt-carrel.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable
          key: cord-023211-kt5gt26t
      authors: nan
        title: Poster Session Abstracts
         date: 2007-08-29
      journal: Pediatr Pulmonol
          DOI: 10.1002/ppul.20700
          sha: 
       doc_id: 23211
     cord_uid: kt5gt26t

         file: cache/cord-015394-uj7fe5y6.json
          key: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
      authors: nan
        title: Scientific Abstracts
         date: 2008-12-23
      journal: Reprod Sci
          DOI: 10.1177/19337191080150020102
          sha: 
       doc_id: 15394
     cord_uid: uj7fe5y6

Reading metadata file and updating bibliogrpahics
=== updating bibliographic database
Building study carrel named keyword-usa-cord
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=== file2bib.sh ===
OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread:
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/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 47064 Aborted                 $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT"
=== file2bib.sh ===
OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread:
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OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS.
/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 47412 Aborted                 $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT"
=== file2bib.sh ===
OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread:
OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable
OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS.
/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 46617 Aborted                 $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT"
=== file2bib.sh ===
OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread:
OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable
OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS.
/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 46794 Aborted                 $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT"
=== file2bib.sh ===
OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread:
OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable
OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS.
/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 47037 Aborted                 $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT"
=== file2bib.sh ===
OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread:
OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable
OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS.
/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 47069 Aborted                 $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT"
=== file2bib.sh ===
OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread:
OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable
OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS.
/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 47530 Aborted                 $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT"
=== file2bib.sh ===
OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread:
OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable
OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS.
/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 47436 Aborted                 $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT"
=== file2bib.sh ===
OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread:
OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable
OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS.
/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 47355 Aborted                 $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT"
=== file2bib.sh ===
OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread:
OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable
OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS.
/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 46767 Aborted                 $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT"
=== file2bib.sh ===
OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread:
OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable
OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS.
/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 46487 Aborted                 $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT"
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=== file2bib.sh ===
OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread:
OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable
OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS.
/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 46846 Aborted                 $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT"
=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-025010-3k17eyqx
     author: Diekmann, Berend
      title: Globale Handelsordnung — mit den oder ohne die USA?
       date: 2020-05-20
      pages: 
  extension: .txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-025010-3k17eyqx.txt
      cache: ./cache/cord-025010-3k17eyqx.txt

Content-Encoding	UTF-8
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-015391-zf3bx8i7
     author: nan
      title: President’s Plenary Session
       date: 2012-12-30
      pages: 
  extension: .txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-015391-zf3bx8i7.txt
      cache: ./cache/cord-015391-zf3bx8i7.txt

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resourceName	b'cord-015391-zf3bx8i7.txt'
=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-033974-0rzi7x22
     author: Boyd, Rhea W
      title: In the 2020 US election, we can choose a just future
       date: 2020-10-19
      pages: 
  extension: .txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-033974-0rzi7x22.txt
      cache: ./cache/cord-033974-0rzi7x22.txt

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resourceName	b'cord-033974-0rzi7x22.txt'
=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-000698-v9k7vpi8
     author: St. Leger, Judy
      title: West Nile Virus Infection in Killer Whale, Texas, USA, 2007
       date: 2011-08-17
      pages: 
  extension: .txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-000698-v9k7vpi8.txt
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X-TIKA:embedded_depth	0
X-TIKA:parse_time_millis	3
resourceName	b'cord-000698-v9k7vpi8.txt'
=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-000402-unr44dvp
     author: Yoo, Hyun Jung
      title: Gene Expression Profile during Chondrogenesis in Human Bone Marrow derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells using a cDNA Microarray
       date: 2011-06-20
      pages: 
  extension: .txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-000402-unr44dvp.txt
      cache: ./cache/cord-000402-unr44dvp.txt

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resourceName	b'cord-000402-unr44dvp.txt'
=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-006771-n1w56x2m
     author: Liu, Chien-Ying
      title: Apoptotic neutrophils undergoing secondary necrosis induce human lung epithelial cell detachment
       date: 2003-10-17
      pages: 
  extension: .txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-006771-n1w56x2m.txt
      cache: ./cache/cord-006771-n1w56x2m.txt

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resourceName	b'cord-006771-n1w56x2m.txt'
=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-273199-xmq502gm
     author: Cherednik, I.
      title: A surprising formula for the spread of Covid-19 under aggressive management
       date: 2020-05-02
      pages: 
  extension: .txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-273199-xmq502gm.txt
      cache: ./cache/cord-273199-xmq502gm.txt

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resourceName	b'cord-273199-xmq502gm.txt'
=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-012826-72mz834w
     author: Xu, Zhen-dong
      title: Propofol affects mouse embryonic fibroblast survival and proliferation in vitro via ATG5- and calcium-dependent regulation of autophagy
       date: 2019-10-23
      pages: 
  extension: .txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-012826-72mz834w.txt
      cache: ./cache/cord-012826-72mz834w.txt

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X-TIKA:parse_time_millis	4
resourceName	b'cord-012826-72mz834w.txt'
=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-003334-ion97n4b
     author: De Silva Senapathi, Upasama
      title: The In Ovo Delivery of CpG Oligonucleotides Protects against Infectious Bronchitis with the Recruitment of Immune Cells into the Respiratory Tract of Chickens
       date: 2018-11-15
      pages: 
  extension: .txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-003334-ion97n4b.txt
      cache: ./cache/cord-003334-ion97n4b.txt

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resourceName	b'cord-003334-ion97n4b.txt'
=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-275787-5s442sy2
     author: Banerjee, Arinjay
      title: Generation and Characterization of Eptesicus fuscus (Big brown bat) kidney cell lines immortalized using the Myotis polyomavirus large T-antigen
       date: 2016-09-14
      pages: 
  extension: .txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-275787-5s442sy2.txt
      cache: ./cache/cord-275787-5s442sy2.txt

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resourceName	b'cord-275787-5s442sy2.txt'
=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-257190-iesysf3l
     author: Eshaghi, Majid
      title: Purification of the extra-cellular domain of Nipah virus glycoprotein produced in Escherichia coli and possible application in diagnosis
       date: 2005-03-30
      pages: 
  extension: .txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-257190-iesysf3l.txt
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resourceName	b'cord-257190-iesysf3l.txt'
=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-248932-i1v2lyd2
     author: Madraki, Golshan
      title: Characterizing and Comparing COVID-19 Misinformation Across Languages, Countries and Platforms
       date: 2020-10-13
      pages: 
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-003898-y6zpvw84
     author: Tan, Kai Sen
      title: RNA Sequencing of H3N2 Influenza Virus-Infected Human Nasal Epithelial Cells from Multiple Subjects Reveals Molecular Pathways Associated with Tissue Injury and Complications
       date: 2019-08-27
      pages: 
  extension: .txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-003898-y6zpvw84.txt
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-309488-8guapzke
     author: Dodd, R.
      title: Other emerging viral pathogens
       date: 2006-08-15
      pages: 
  extension: .txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-309488-8guapzke.txt
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-270143-muxrxvyo
     author: Markotter, Wanda
      title: Paramyxo- and Coronaviruses in Rwandan Bats
       date: 2019-07-02
      pages: 
  extension: .txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-270143-muxrxvyo.txt
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-290837-8g7zfeb7
     author: Wanandy, Troy
      title: Pharmaceutical and preclinical evaluation of Advax adjuvant as a dose-sparing strategy for ant venom immunotherapy
       date: 2019-08-05
      pages: 
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-273557-t7t8qqkl
     author: Boumans, Dorine
      title: Expected effects of the US tax reform on other countries: global and local survey evidence
       date: 2020-08-11
      pages: 
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-009439-wvlczk62
     author: Park, Hyun-Jun
      title: The essential role of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 2 enzyme in thermal homeostasis upon cold stress
       date: 2020-03-16
      pages: 
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-287807-4aee9wbu
     author: Kennedy, J. L.
      title: Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel WU Polyomavirus Isolate from Arkansas, USA, Associated with Acute Respiratory Infection
       date: 2017-01-12
      pages: 
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      cache: ./cache/cord-287807-4aee9wbu.txt

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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-282466-r2sjv9ih
     author: Antas, Marta
      title: Current Status of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea (PED) in European Pigs
       date: 2019-10-24
      pages: 
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      cache: ./cache/cord-282466-r2sjv9ih.txt

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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-317583-jhulvfev
     author: Blanchflower, David G.
      title: Is happiness U-shaped everywhere? Age and subjective well-being in 145 countries
       date: 2020-09-09
      pages: 
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-293747-ds8rhbkv
     author: Lani, Rafidah
      title: Antiviral activity of silymarin against chikungunya virus
       date: 2015-06-16
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-287647-0nyquokt
     author: Nemoto, Manabu
      title: The First Detection of Equine Coronavirus in Adult Horses and Foals in Ireland
       date: 2019-10-14
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-297332-rzf0cw1x
     author: Wang, Qidi
      title: Immunodominant SARS Coronavirus Epitopes in Humans Elicited both Enhancing and Neutralizing Effects on Infection in Non-human Primates
       date: 2016-04-11
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-285505-8norumv6
     author: Vere Hodge, R. Anthony
      title: Meeting report: 27th International conference on antiviral research, in Raleigh, NC, USA
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      pages: 
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-305303-82n96ukr
     author: Shapira, Assaf
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-292643-n6xp5mlz
     author: Hall, Richard J.
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-270556-lyrgwxit
     author: Winnicka, Beata
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      pages: 
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-300904-folzz3nu
     author: Uzuner, Gizem
      title: Tourist arrivals in four major economies: another side of economic policy uncertainty and fear
       date: 2020-05-26
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-292231-vxaqizkj
     author: Bouquet, Jerome
      title: Microbial burden and viral exacerbations in a longitudinal multicenter COPD cohort
       date: 2020-03-30
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-308328-wfiqbu3m
     author: Upadhyay, Ranjit Kumar
      title: Age-group-targeted testing for COVID-19 as a new prevention strategy
       date: 2020-09-01
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-295661-v3q1spmm
     author: Resende, Talita Pilar
      title: Evaluation of mouse enteroids as a model for Lawsonia intracellularis infection
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-024047-wg7hew1b
     author: Lennox, Angela M.
      title: Equipment for Exotic Mammal and Reptile Diagnostics and Surgery
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  extension: .txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-024047-wg7hew1b.txt
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resourceName	b'cord-024047-wg7hew1b.txt'
=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-318282-ocgfgx9r
     author: Boyce, John M
      title: Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
       date: 2005-10-31
      pages: 
  extension: .txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-318282-ocgfgx9r.txt
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resourceName	b'cord-318282-ocgfgx9r.txt'
=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-271176-wdc4p4bc
     author: González-Scarano, Francisco
      title: Infectious etiology in multiple sclerosis: the debate continues
       date: 1999-12-01
      pages: 
  extension: .txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-271176-wdc4p4bc.txt
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-254874-ug0ler5e
     author: Ramos-Rincón, José M.
      title: A snapshot of pneumonia research activity and collaboration patterns (2001–2015): a global bibliometric analysis
       date: 2019-09-05
      pages: 
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        txt: ./txt/cord-254874-ug0ler5e.txt
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-035277-napw1pxe
     author: Paul, Swarna Kamal
      title: A Multivariate Spatiotemporal Model of COVID-19 Epidemic Using Ensemble of ConvLSTM Networks
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        txt: ./txt/cord-035277-napw1pxe.txt
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-035181-l1heb3or
     author: Nagarajan, Kiran Koushik
      title: Prevalence of US-trained International Medical Graduates (IMG) physicians awaiting permanent residency: a quantitative analysis
       date: 2020-10-29
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-258468-52gej3co
     author: Marcekova, Zuzana
      title: Heterologous expression of full-length capsid protein of porcine circovirus 2 in Escherichia coli and its potential use for detection of antibodies
       date: 2009-08-05
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        txt: ./txt/cord-258468-52gej3co.txt
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-034191-qqb2knmo
     author: Alayi, Tchilabalo D.
      title: Tandem Mass Tag-Based Serum Proteome Profiling for Biomarker Discovery in Young Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Boys
       date: 2020-10-06
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        txt: ./txt/cord-034191-qqb2knmo.txt
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-023837-kenstpja
     author: nan
      title: China
       date: 2019
      pages: 
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        txt: ./txt/cord-023837-kenstpja.txt
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resourceName	b'cord-023837-kenstpja.txt'
=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-253609-vi2fb43t
     author: Gopinathannair, Rakesh
      title: COVID-19 and cardiac arrhythmias: a global perspective on arrhythmia characteristics and management strategies
       date: 2020-06-03
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        txt: ./txt/cord-253609-vi2fb43t.txt
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-029201-hkq7wti5
     author: Haukkala, Hiski
      title: Nonpolar Europe? Examining the causes and drivers behind the decline of ordering agents in Europe
       date: 2020-07-15
      pages: 
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        txt: ./txt/cord-029201-hkq7wti5.txt
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-013178-li1x1m25
     author: Hung, Ling-Chu
      title: The Monoclonal Antibody Recognized the Open Reading Frame Protein in Porcine Circovirus Type 2-Infected Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
       date: 2020-08-29
      pages: 
  extension: .txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-013178-li1x1m25.txt
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-275210-baqaqsli
     author: DREESEN, DAVID W.
      title: Animal Vaccines
       date: 2007-09-05
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  extension: .txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-275210-baqaqsli.txt
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resourceName	b'cord-275210-baqaqsli.txt'
=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-019032-vdiaexbw
     author: Kshetri, Nir
      title: China
       date: 2020
      pages: 
  extension: .txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-019032-vdiaexbw.txt
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resourceName	b'cord-019032-vdiaexbw.txt'
=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-309379-ml75kvl5
     author: Kanger, Laur
      title: Emergence, consolidation and dominance of meta-regimes: Exploring the historical evolution of mass production (1765–1972) from the deep transitions perspective
       date: 2020-09-09
      pages: 
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-305858-gp1u4kh7
     author: Song, Xiang
      title: High expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) on tissue macrophages that may be targeted by virus SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients
       date: 2020-07-19
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-013601-y8pc4qfc
     author: Zhou, Bo-ya
      title: Nintedanib inhibits keloid fibroblast functions by blocking the phosphorylation of multiple kinases and enhancing receptor internalization
       date: 2020-04-23
      pages: 
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-281713-3iu8qx7n
     author: Ronquillo, Jay G
      title: Using informatics to guide public health policy during the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA
       date: 2020-07-13
      pages: 
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        txt: ./txt/cord-281713-3iu8qx7n.txt
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-007425-l9c1x7tb
     author: Klomp, Richard W.
      title: CDC’s Multiple Approaches to Safeguard the Health, Safety, and Resilience of Ebola Responders
       date: 2019-12-10
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  extension: .txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-007425-l9c1x7tb.txt
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resourceName	b'cord-007425-l9c1x7tb.txt'
=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-001117-llb4f74a
     author: Ji, Wen-Jie
      title: Spironolactone Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Injury Partially via Modulating Mononuclear Phagocyte Phenotype Switching in Circulating and Alveolar Compartments
       date: 2013-11-19
      pages: 
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-033146-2v1kuq50
     author: Boylan, Brandon M.
      title: US–China Relations: Nationalism, the Trade War, and COVID-19
       date: 2020-10-04
      pages: 
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        txt: ./txt/cord-033146-2v1kuq50.txt
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-034165-kf6a8hix
     author: Mendenhall, Emily
      title: The COVID-19 syndemic is not global: context matters
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-013325-8lds7nti
     author: Ecker, Jeffrey W.
      title: High-Yield Expression and Purification of Recombinant Influenza Virus Proteins from Stably-Transfected Mammalian Cell Lines
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-002757-upwe0cpj
     author: Sullivan, Kathleen E.
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-260653-5qwtvm9x
     author: Chikhlikar, Priya
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-026579-k3w8h961
     author: Carr, Paul R.
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-263453-7v4y02j6
     author: Nishiura, Hiroshi
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=== file2bib.sh ===
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     author: Poitiers, Niclas Frederic
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-304492-ntme8w6i
     author: nan
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-003841-7uaj9hmx
     author: Desmonts de Lamache, D.
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-321346-epsp3bbm
     author: Luppa, Peter B.
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-284113-qboon2uv
     author: Zheljazkov, Valtcho D.
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-326189-41t2sshy
     author: García-Colón, Ismael
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-028341-93e30n3n
     author: Bünte, Claudia
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-260618-k0y0fz7k
     author: Belli, Simone
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-328865-ekgqdjlk
     author: Anand, Shuchi
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-313821-5f5b107l
     author: Poelman, Randy
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-321800-0h28pg3b
     author: Klingelhöfer, Doris
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-273833-yf8kt84e
     author: Mejia, Rojelio
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-262169-5x2oop1g
     author: Alola, Andrew Adewale
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-331354-ungzlp6b
     author: Mimkes, J.
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-336012-8klkojpo
     author: Harilal, Divinlal
      title: SARS-CoV-2 Whole Genome Amplification and Sequencing for Effective Population-Based Surveillance and Control of Viral Transmission
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-256888-tdx12ccj
     author: Bradley, Benjamin T
      title: Histopathology and ultrastructural findings of fatal COVID-19 infections in Washington State: a case series
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-311214-eqwxkwqa
     author: Kumar, Roshan
      title: Comparative Genomic Analysis of Rapidly Evolving SARS-CoV-2 Viruses Reveal Mosaic Pattern of Phylogeographical Distribution
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-346185-qmu1mrmx
     author: Velásquez, Ricardo Manuel Arias
      title: Forecast and evaluation of COVID-19 spreading in USA with Reduced-space Gaussian process regression
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-342242-cynpob7b
     author: Godakova, Svetlana A.
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-352824-sbsg39ix
     author: Zhan, Choujun
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-272497-ww9o1kjr
     author: Al-Anzi, Bader S.
      title: An Overview of the World Current and Future Assessment of Novel COVID-19 Trajectory, Impact, and Potential Preventive Strategies at Healthcare Settings
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-301745-cuatqy1u
     author: Wei, Maryann
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-350379-6l55soxu
     author: Lee, Jenny J.
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-316430-idjkqcee
     author: Costa, Kauê M.
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-345430-yowyy5nr
     author: Balzano, Francesca
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-345524-vre54bq9
     author: Groneberg, David A.
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-343740-vcys2q2t
     author: Kawachi, Ichiro
      title: COVID-19 and the ‘rediscovery’ of health inequities
       date: 2020-09-24
      pages: 
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-325484-bd6ba0cp
     author: Johnstone, Phil
      title: World wars and the age of oil: Exploring directionality in deep energy transitions
       date: 2020-09-04
      pages: 
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-350956-ytcwt9qk
     author: Smith, K. M.
      title: Summarizing US Wildlife Trade with an Eye Toward Assessing the Risk of Infectious Disease Introduction
       date: 2017-02-07
      pages: 
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-018839-yfaji9cv
     author: Kim, Yong-kyun
      title: Disaster Theory
       date: 2017-07-11
      pages: 
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        txt: ./txt/cord-018839-yfaji9cv.txt
      cache: ./cache/cord-018839-yfaji9cv.txt

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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-319884-d8n0aokl
     author: Natesan, Mohan
      title: Protein Microarrays and Biomarkers of Infectious Disease
       date: 2010-12-16
      pages: 
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      cache: ./cache/cord-319884-d8n0aokl.txt

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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-351666-q7dqsl7n
     author: Milani, Fabio
      title: COVID-19 outbreak, social response, and early economic effects: a global VAR analysis of cross-country interdependencies
       date: 2020-08-19
      pages: 
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        txt: ./txt/cord-351666-q7dqsl7n.txt
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-347053-m5m4zgfy
     author: Pharo, Elizabeth A.
      title: Host–Pathogen Responses to Pandemic Influenza H1N1pdm09 in a Human Respiratory Airway Model
       date: 2020-06-24
      pages: 
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        txt: ./txt/cord-347053-m5m4zgfy.txt
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-333599-hl11ln2r
     author: Tulchinsky, Theodore H.
      title: Planning and Managing Health Systems
       date: 2014-10-10
      pages: 
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-303165-ikepr2p2
     author: Tulchinsky, Theodore H.
      title: Expanding the Concept of Public Health
       date: 2014-10-10
      pages: 
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        txt: ./txt/cord-303165-ikepr2p2.txt
      cache: ./cache/cord-303165-ikepr2p2.txt

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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-020010-q58x6xb0
     author: nan
      title: 19th ICAR Abstracts:
       date: 2006-03-13
      pages: 
  extension: .txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-020010-q58x6xb0.txt
      cache: ./cache/cord-020010-q58x6xb0.txt

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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-023442-4vzwc2d2
     author: nan
      title: Proceedings of SCANNING 94/SEEMS 94 Charleston, South Carolina, USA
       date: 2006-12-05
      pages: 
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        txt: ./txt/cord-023442-4vzwc2d2.txt
      cache: ./cache/cord-023442-4vzwc2d2.txt

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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-006876-v2m5l5wz
     author: nan
      title: Neurocritical Care Society 14(th) Annual Meeting
       date: 2016-08-11
      pages: 
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        txt: ./txt/cord-006876-v2m5l5wz.txt
      cache: ./cache/cord-006876-v2m5l5wz.txt

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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-023049-fio7cjj5
     author: nan
      title: 2017 Peripheral Nerve Society Meeting July 8–12, 2017 Sitges, Barcelona, Spain
       date: 2017-06-22
      pages: 
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        txt: ./txt/cord-023049-fio7cjj5.txt
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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-001521-l36f1gp7
     author: nan
      title: Oral and Poster Manuscripts
       date: 2011-04-08
      pages: 
  extension: .txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-001521-l36f1gp7.txt
      cache: ./cache/cord-001521-l36f1gp7.txt

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resourceName	b'cord-001521-l36f1gp7.txt'
=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-031907-ilhr3iu5
     author: nan
      title: ISEV2020 Abstract Book
       date: 2020-07-15
      pages: 
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        txt: ./txt/cord-031907-ilhr3iu5.txt
      cache: ./cache/cord-031907-ilhr3iu5.txt

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=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-023211-kt5gt26t
     author: nan
      title: Poster Session Abstracts
       date: 2007-08-29
      pages: 
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resourceName	b'cord-023211-kt5gt26t.txt'
=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-257167-rz4r5sj7
     author: nan
      title: Abstracts for the 29th Annual Meeting of the Japan Neuroscience Society (Neuroscience2006)
       date: 2006-12-31
      pages: 
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        txt: ./txt/cord-257167-rz4r5sj7.txt
      cache: ./cache/cord-257167-rz4r5sj7.txt

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resourceName	b'cord-257167-rz4r5sj7.txt'
=== file2bib.sh ===
         id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
     author: nan
      title: Scientific Abstracts
       date: 2008-12-23
      pages: 
  extension: .txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-015394-uj7fe5y6.txt
      cache: ./cache/cord-015394-uj7fe5y6.txt

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Que is empty; done
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=== reduce.pl bib ===
         id = cord-000402-unr44dvp
     author = Yoo, Hyun Jung
      title = Gene Expression Profile during Chondrogenesis in Human Bone Marrow derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells using a cDNA Microarray
       date = 2011-06-20
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 3178
  sentences = 165
     flesch = 44
    summary = title: Gene Expression Profile during Chondrogenesis in Human Bone Marrow derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells using a cDNA Microarray The expression levels of the 10 genes selected (Hrad 6B, annexin A2, BMP-7, contactin-1, peroxiredoxin-1, heat shock transcription factor-2, synaptotagmin IV, serotonin receptor-7, Axl, and IL-15) were analyzed by RT-PCR, by using total RNAs obtained from 5 samples (Fig. 4B) . The expression levels of 9 genes (Hrad 6B, annexin A2, BMP-7, contactin-1, peroxiredoxin-1, heat shock transcription factor-2, synaptotagmin IV, serotonin receptor-7, Axl) were low in undifferentiated cells and increased in differentiated cells by RT-PCR and microarray, but the expression pattern of IL-15 was different. Microarray data showed that Axl, synaptotagmin IV, Hrad6B, peroxiredoxin-1, BMP-7, heat shock transcription factor-2, annexin A2, contactin-1 and serotonin receptor-7 expressions were maintained in differentiating BM-MSCs until day 14. Gene expression profile of cytokine and growth factor during differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell
      cache = ./cache/cord-000402-unr44dvp.txt
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=== reduce.pl bib ===
         id = cord-003334-ion97n4b
     author = De Silva Senapathi, Upasama
      title = The In Ovo Delivery of CpG Oligonucleotides Protects against Infectious Bronchitis with the Recruitment of Immune Cells into the Respiratory Tract of Chickens
       date = 2018-11-15
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
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      words = 5827
  sentences = 266
     flesch = 54
    summary = Although the delivery of CpG ODNs in ovo at embryo day (ED) 18 has been shown to reduce infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) loads in embryonic chicken lungs pre-hatch, whether in ovo delivered CpG ODNs are capable of protecting chickens against a post-hatch challenge is unknown. We found significantly higher survival rates and reduced IBV infection in the chickens following the pre-treatment of the ED 18 eggs with CpG ODNs. At 3 days post infection (dpi), we found an increased recruitment of macrophages, cluster of differentiation (CD)8α+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes, and an up-regulation of interferon (IFN)-γ mRNA in the respiratory tract of the chickens. Considering that we observed a significant reduction in the IBV induced morbidity and mortality of in ovo CpG ODN pre-treated birds correlating with varying degrees of increased macrophages, CD4+, and CD8α+ T cells in the tracheal and lung tissues, we needed to further elucidate the mechanisms by which these immune cells were efficiently recruited.
      cache = ./cache/cord-003334-ion97n4b.txt
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=== reduce.pl bib ===
=== reduce.pl bib ===
         id = cord-002757-upwe0cpj
     author = Sullivan, Kathleen E.
      title = Emerging Infections and Pertinent Infections Related to Travel for Patients with Primary Immunodeficiencies
       date = 2017-08-07
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
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      words = 24212
  sentences = 1364
     flesch = 40
    summary = The first section addresses general considerations, the second section profiles specific infections organized according to mechanism of transmission, and the third section focuses on unique phenotypes and unique susceptibilities in patients with PIDDs. This review does not address most parasitic diseases. In developing countries where polio is still endemic and oral polio vaccine is essential for eradicating the disease, it is of utmost importance that all PIDD patients and family members should not receive live oral polio (OPV) because of the reported prolonged excretion of the virus for months and even years [24] . As for host factors, although severe and fatal cases have been described in healthy immunocompetent hosts [129, 130] , there is evidence to suggest that children under the age of 10 [130] and immunocompromised hosts either secondary to hematologic malignancies, immunosuppressant treatment for organ transplantation, or HIV infection are at a greater risk to develop more severe disease with higher case fatality rates [131, 132] .
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=== reduce.pl bib ===
         id = cord-006771-n1w56x2m
     author = Liu, Chien-Ying
      title = Apoptotic neutrophils undergoing secondary necrosis induce human lung epithelial cell detachment
       date = 2003-10-17
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 4661
  sentences = 264
     flesch = 33
    summary = title: Apoptotic neutrophils undergoing secondary necrosis induce human lung epithelial cell detachment However, the apoptosing neutrophil-induced detachment of airway epithelial cells was completely abrogated by exogenous SLPI, a specific inhibitor of serine proteinases ( fig. To determine whether early apoptotic neutrophils release functional elastase, we examined elastase activity in supernatant from the annexin V-selected fraction cultured in vitro, and the data revealed that elastase activity continually increased with time ( fig. Our study demonstrates that early apoptotic neutrophils induce lung epithelial cell detachment. Furthermore, the timing of this release correlates with the progression of early apoptotic neutrophils to secondary necrosis and lung epithelial cell detachment in vitro. On the other hand, SLPI, one of the endogenous serine proteinase-specific antiproteinase defenses, abrogates both live, activated neutrophil-and apoptosing neutrophil-induced lung epithelial cell detachment. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that apoptosing neutrophils release, at least, functional elastase activity during secondary necrosis and induce a cytotoxic effect on airway epithelial cells.
      cache = ./cache/cord-006771-n1w56x2m.txt
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=== reduce.pl bib ===
         id = cord-012826-72mz834w
     author = Xu, Zhen-dong
      title = Propofol affects mouse embryonic fibroblast survival and proliferation in vitro via ATG5- and calcium-dependent regulation of autophagy
       date = 2019-10-23
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 4776
  sentences = 256
     flesch = 49
    summary = In addition, ATG5(−/−) MEF themselves released more Ca(2+) in cytosolic space and endoplasmic reticulum compared with WT cells, suggesting that autophagy deficiency made intracellular calcium signaling more vulnerable to external stimuli (propofol). After 24-h exposure to propofol, the MTT signal of ATG5 −/− cells was significantly enhanced at clinically relevant concentrations (10 µM); however, this effect was inverted at high pharmacological General anesthetics and autophagy ZD Xu et al. ATG5 plays a key role in propofol effects on cell growth We next determined whether the elevation of MTT by propofol at clinically relevant concentrations in ATG5 −/− cells (Fig. 1c) was caused by changes in mitochondrial reductase activity (early cell damage) or an increase in cell numbers (proliferation). While this enhances vulnerability to cell death triggered by calcium overload at high propofol doses, propofol at clinically relevant concentrations (10 μM) induces a moderate increase in Ca 2+ release from the ER into the cytosol, favoring cell survival and proliferation of autophagy-deficient cells (Fig. 6) .
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         id = cord-015391-zf3bx8i7
     author = nan
      title = President’s Plenary Session
       date = 2012-12-30
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
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      words = 383
  sentences = 48
     flesch = 54
    summary = key: cord-015391-zf3bx8i7 cord_uid: zf3bx8i7 nan Hector Barrera-Villa Zevallos, Donna Lai, Jonathan Arthur, Cecilia Ng, Robert Markham, and Ian S Fraser. Ismail Mert, and David Kmak. Muna Noori, Ann E Donald, Aroon D Hingorani, and David J Williams. Probiotic Attenuation of Infl ammatory Responses in Amnion: A Possible Role in the Prevention of Preterm Labor? Poster Session III -Douglas Pavilion S-089 Infl ammation Provoking a Cytokine Response and Disrupting the Epithelial Barrier Is Mitigated with Dexamethasone: A Possible Mechanism of Premature Cervical Remodeling and Preterm Birth Appropriate for Gestational Age-Preterm Neonates Born to Mothers with Moderate, but Not Mild or Severe, Intensity of Histologic Chorioamnionitis, Funisitis, and Intraamniotic Infl ammation without Microbial Invasion of Amniotic Cavity Have a Lower Rate of RDS. Human β Defensin -3 in Human Pregnancy: The Effect of Gestational Age, Parturition, and Intra-Amniotic Infection/Infl ammation. Infl ammation of the Fetal Skin Following Low-Grade Microbial Stimulation
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         id = cord-248932-i1v2lyd2
     author = Madraki, Golshan
      title = Characterizing and Comparing COVID-19 Misinformation Across Languages, Countries and Platforms
       date = 2020-10-13
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 6827
  sentences = 399
     flesch = 50
    summary = Our multi-cultural and multilingual team observed that the nature of COVID-19 misinformation on social media varied in substantial ways across different languages/countries depending on the cultures, beliefs/religions, popularity of social media, types of platforms, freedom of speech and the power of people versus governments. In this paper, COVID-19 misinformation, broadly defined to include disinformation and mal-information as well, will be investigated within multiple languages (Chinese, English, and Farsi) about multiple countries (China, Iran, and the USA) on different social media platforms. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to examine the multilingual social media landscape by using the opportunistic sampling method to collect a dataset of verified and viral COVID-19 misinformation across 3 languages: Chinese, English, and Farsi. Our multicultural and multilingual team observed that the nature of COVID-19 misinformation on social media varies in substantial ways across different languages/countries depending on the cultures, beliefs, religions, popularity of social media, types of platforms, freedom of speech, the power of people versus governments, etc.
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         id = cord-003898-y6zpvw84
     author = Tan, Kai Sen
      title = RNA Sequencing of H3N2 Influenza Virus-Infected Human Nasal Epithelial Cells from Multiple Subjects Reveals Molecular Pathways Associated with Tissue Injury and Complications
       date = 2019-08-27
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 7671
  sentences = 386
     flesch = 44
    summary = title: RNA Sequencing of H3N2 Influenza Virus-Infected Human Nasal Epithelial Cells from Multiple Subjects Reveals Molecular Pathways Associated with Tissue Injury and Complications The aim of this study was to utilize RNA sequencing (RNAseq) technology to not only reveal the hNEC responses (from multiple individuals) against influenza infection, but also to identify those genes with high magnitude changes to serve as potential reference markers of the innate responses of influenza infection. After deriving the transcriptomes by RNAseq, we then further investigated whether the changes in expression of genes resulted in alterations in secretory cytokines and chemokines early in the infection of hNECs. Initially, we detected significant reductions in multiple cytokines at 8 hpi, with the exception of IL-15 which was increased ( Figure S2 ). In conclusion, RNAseq technology allowed us to accurately quantify the magnitude of gene expression changes, as well as the relevant enriched pathways during H3N2 influenza virus infection of hNECs, which can serve as a baseline for future clinical studies.
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         id = cord-033974-0rzi7x22
     author = Boyd, Rhea W
      title = In the 2020 US election, we can choose a just future
       date = 2020-10-19
      pages = 
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      words = 1426
  sentences = 101
     flesch = 64
    summary = In terms of health, the current US administration has intentionally lied about the grave risks of COVID-19, failed to implement a coherent national pandemic strategy, hamstrung and underfunded public health agencies, initiated the process to withdraw the USA from WHO, reversed and weakened health regulations, attacked abortion and contraception access, eroded transgender health protections, and aired racist, anti-Asian, antiscience views. 11 The age-adjusted COVID-19 mortality rate among Black and Indigenous communities and people of colour in the USA is up to three times higher than among non-Hispanic white populations. 12 Latinx and Black children account for an astounding 74% of COVID-19 deaths among people aged 21 years and younger in the USA. 14 And every untimely death has occurred within the nation that spends more money on health care than any other country in the world. Deaths involving coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by race and Hispanic origin and age, by state
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         id = cord-000698-v9k7vpi8
     author = St. Leger, Judy
      title = West Nile Virus Infection in Killer Whale, Texas, USA, 2007
       date = 2011-08-17
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 1403
  sentences = 100
     flesch = 46
    summary = title: West Nile Virus Infection in Killer Whale, Texas, USA, 2007 In 2007, nonsuppurative encephalitis was identified in a killer whale at a Texas, USA, marine park. Panviral DNA microarray of brain tissue suggested West Nile virus (WNV); WNV was confirmed by reverse transcription PCR and sequencing. Among marine mammals, WNV infection has been reported in a harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) (1) . Meninges demonstrated moderate focally extensive and multifocal areas of acute meningeal congestion and hemorrhage. This staining demonstrated abundant WNV antigen within the cytoplasm of a small number of neurons and glial cells and in fewer macrophages in the brain tissue (Figure) . We demonstrate that WNV can infect and cause disease in killer whales. The serologic results demonstrate that subclinical infections can occur and that exposure can be variable. Serologic screening of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the Indian River Lagoon demonstrated WNV titers (7) .
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         id = cord-273199-xmq502gm
     author = Cherednik, I.
      title = A surprising formula for the spread of Covid-19 under aggressive management
       date = 2020-05-02
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 5042
  sentences = 304
     flesch = 64
    summary = We propose an algebraic-type formula that describes with high accuracy the spread of Covid-19 pandemic under aggressive management for the periods of the intensive growth of the total number of infections. Anyway a sociological approach to the spread, which "explains" under some assumptions the power growth of the number of total cases, is quite natural in our work, because the active managements of epidemics is clearly of sociological nature, applicable only to humans. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.29.20084483 doi: medRxiv preprint An important outcome of our modeling is that the measures of "hard type", like detecting and isolating infected people and closing the places where the spread is almost inevitable, are the key for ending an epidemic. The predictions are of course based on the assumption that the intensity of hard measures continues to be proportional to the total number of detected infections to date, as it was clearly the case for the red dots.
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         id = cord-317583-jhulvfev
     author = Blanchflower, David G.
      title = Is happiness U-shaped everywhere? Age and subjective well-being in 145 countries
       date = 2020-09-09
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 12032
  sentences = 709
     flesch = 69
    summary = Blanchflower and Oswald (2008a) find a U-shape for 39 developing countries in World Values Survey sweeps 1-4 4 that averages out at a minimum around age 43 when including control variables. I then turn to examining data for the UK and 36 European countries and find there is evidence of a U-shape whether controls are included or not, with very little difference in the age minima. Blanchflower and Graham examined the same data Ingelhardt used and estimated a series of happiness equations and found there were U-shapes in age with controls in all the countries and variables Ingelhardt examined. Fourteen of those countries have significant and well-defined U-shapes in age and they are not available in any of the other data files, so in Table 14 we report results for these developing countries using the Q1 question above for Cantril's life satisfaction ladder measure.
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         id = cord-275787-5s442sy2
     author = Banerjee, Arinjay
      title = Generation and Characterization of Eptesicus fuscus (Big brown bat) kidney cell lines immortalized using the Myotis polyomavirus large T-antigen
       date = 2016-09-14
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 5817
  sentences = 347
     flesch = 57
    summary = title: Generation and Characterization of Eptesicus fuscus (Big brown bat) kidney cell lines immortalized using the Myotis polyomavirus large T-antigen Here we describe a method to establish and immortalize big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus) kidney (Efk3) cells using the Myotis polyomavirus T-antigen. Cell clones expressed interferon beta in response to poly(I:C) stimulation and supported the replication of four different viruses, namely, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), porcine epidemic diarrhea coronavirus (PED-CoV), Middle-East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV). The parental cell line and clones were capable of expressing IFN beta and supported the replication of viruses such as vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV; family Rhabdoviridae, genus Vesiculovirus), herpes simplex virus (HSV; family Herpesviridae, subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, genus Herpesvirus), PED-CoV and MERS-CoV. Bat kidney cells were immortalized by using ViaFect (Promega, USA) to transfect cells with either 2.5 g of pcDNA3 (Invitrogen, USA) empty vector or plasmids expressing either SV40 large T-antigen (SV40Tag) or Myotis polyomavirus large T-antigen (MyPVTag).
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         id = cord-025010-3k17eyqx
     author = Diekmann, Berend
      title = Globale Handelsordnung — mit den oder ohne die USA?
       date = 2020-05-20
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 1717
  sentences = 244
     flesch = 57
    summary = Wesentliche Beweggründe waren die Idee, die ehemaligen Staatshandelsländer und etwas später auch das sich öffnende China in eine Welthandelsordnung zu integrieren, die von der Marktöffnung als Leitmotiv bestimmt war. Mit diesem handelspolitischen Ansatz können die USA die Rolle des kompensierenden Hegemons, die sie über Dekaden im GATT und zunächst auch in der WTO einnahmen, nicht mehr spielen. Hegemon sind die USA, weil sie über Jahrzehnte den Mitgliedern des GATT/der WTO nicht nur den Zugang zum lukrativen US-Markt zu stabilen Bedingungen boten, sondern auch ihr politisches Gewicht in die Waagschale warfen, damit die Regeln Glaubwürdigkeit und Gültigkeit behielten. Gleichzeitig ist das Abkommen mit seinen umfassenden Kaufverpfl ichtungen für China aber Ausdruck eines kleinteiligen "Managed Trade", der konzeptionell im scharfen Widerspruch zu den Grundsätzen des freien und regelbasierten Handels im Rahmen der WTO steht und im Zweifel zulasten von Drittländern geht. De facto stärkt der US-Ansatz eines "Managed Trade" mit China damit -paradoxerweise -den Staatshandelscharakter und die Rolle staatsnaher bzw.
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         id = cord-001521-l36f1gp7
     author = nan
      title = Oral and Poster Manuscripts
       date = 2011-04-08
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 183363
  sentences = 11362
     flesch = 53
    summary = The IC 50 values determined in functional NI assays provide valuable information for detection of resistant viruses, but should not be used to draw direct correlations with drug concentrations needed to inhibit virus replication in the infected human host, as clinical data to support such inferences are inadequate. • Standardized reagents and protocols • Choice of detection technology • Simple instrumentation requirements • High sensitivity for use with low virus concentrations • Compatibility with batch-mode processing and largescale assay throughput • Broad specificity of influenza detection • Flexibility in assay format • Additional NA assay applications -cell-based viral assays, screening for new NIs, detection of NA from other organisms Functional neuraminidase inhibition assays enable detection of any resistance mutation and are extremely important in conjunction with sequence-based screening assays for global monitoring of virus isolates for NI resistance mutations, including known and new mutations. Such new assays need to include methods to measure local antibodies and virus-specific lymphocytes, especially in the case of live attenuated influenza vaccines, because of their potential to induce such broad-based immune responses.
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         id = cord-290837-8g7zfeb7
     author = Wanandy, Troy
      title = Pharmaceutical and preclinical evaluation of Advax adjuvant as a dose-sparing strategy for ant venom immunotherapy
       date = 2019-08-05
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 6078
  sentences = 275
     flesch = 49
    summary = The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical and microbiological stability and murine immunogenicity of low-dose JJA VIT formulated with a novel polysaccharide adjuvant referred to as delta inulin or Advax TM . Diffraction light scattering was used to assess particle size distribution of Advax; pH and benzyl alcohol quantification by UPLC-UV were used to assess the physicochemical stability of JJAV diluent, and endotoxin content and preservative efficacy test was used to investigate the microbiological properties of the adjuvanted VIT formulation. Diffraction light scattering was used to assess particle size distribution of Advax; pH and benzyl alcohol quantification by UPLC-UV were used to assess the physicochemical stability of JJAV diluent, and endotoxin content and preservative efficacy test was used to investigate the microbiological properties of the adjuvanted VIT formulation.
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         id = cord-273557-t7t8qqkl
     author = Boumans, Dorine
      title = Expected effects of the US tax reform on other countries: global and local survey evidence
       date = 2020-08-11
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 6831
  sentences = 382
     flesch = 57
    summary = Against this background, this paper gathers survey evidence to shed light on the reform's potential international effects on investment, trade and tax revenues. As Germany is among the world's most export intensive economies (Statista 2020) and among the largest providers of US inbound FDI (Jackson 2017) , information on German firm responses is instructive for assessing the tax reform's international effects. Our global survey results suggest a negative impact on tax revenues and investment in countries with close economic ties to the USA. The first ifo business survey (Panel A) focuses on the impact of the US tax reform on the tax burden of German firms, on their investment choices and on trade with the USA. These unique data sources offer the possibility to analyze the expected impact of the US tax reform on German businesses and to contrast these findings with other countries based on economic expert knowledge.
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         id = cord-297332-rzf0cw1x
     author = Wang, Qidi
      title = Immunodominant SARS Coronavirus Epitopes in Humans Elicited both Enhancing and Neutralizing Effects on Infection in Non-human Primates
       date = 2016-04-11
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 8688
  sentences = 431
     flesch = 56
    summary = 15 Other observations include evidence of ADE reported here for the first time induced by an inactivated SARS-CoV vaccine in rhesus macaques ( Figure 1 ) and by antisera from SARS patients (Table S1) , as well as ADE in other coronavirus infections. Herein, we discovered that a peptide of the viral sequence simultaneously elicits the antibodies of disparate functions in protection and enhancement against SARS-CoV infection by the studies with host Vero E6 cells in vitro and in non-human primates. In contrast, the immunized monkeys in the Vac3 group had a strongly increased ability to control SARS-CoV infection in association with induction of high levels of anti-S 604−625 antibodies ( Figure 7E ). 44 This study demonstrates for the first time that an antibody (mAb43-3-14) targeting a specific linear epitope (S 597−603 ) of the SARS-CoV spike protein can mediate enhancement of virus infection both in vitro and in non-human primates via an epitope sequence-dependent mechanism.
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         id = cord-019032-vdiaexbw
     author = Kshetri, Nir
      title = China
       date = 2020
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 18992
  sentences = 1253
     flesch = 67
    summary = Regarded as the steward of the Chinese economy, Li has aimed to focus on securing China's long-term expansion and on the further provision of basic national health care, affordable housing, employment growth, regional development and cleaner energy. China is the world's third largest exporter of arms after the USA and Russia, with 6Á2% of the global major weapons total over the period 2012-16. GDP growth declined to 6Á9% in 2015 (the slowest rate in 25 years) and fell again to 6Á7% in 2016 as China attempted to reduce its reliance on exports, increase domestic consumption and develop its service sector. China's economy overheated in the early 1990s, leading to inflation rates of 14Á7% in 1993, 24Á1% in 1994 and 17Á1% in 1995 Of the total revenues in 2015 central government accounted for 6,926Á7bn.
      cache = ./cache/cord-019032-vdiaexbw.txt
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         id = cord-257190-iesysf3l
     author = Eshaghi, Majid
      title = Purification of the extra-cellular domain of Nipah virus glycoprotein produced in Escherichia coli and possible application in diagnosis
       date = 2005-03-30
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 2907
  sentences = 149
     flesch = 51
    summary = The purified protein showed significant reactivity with the antibodies present in the sera of NiV-infected swine, as demonstrated in Western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The purified product was used as the capturing antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine the presence of the anti-NiV antibodies in serum samples collected from naturally infected swine. It was found that the purified G protein reacted only with antibodies in NiV positive samples, suggesting a potential replacement for currently used whole virus antigen that requires containment facilities. An immunoreactive band of approximately 57 kDa was detected by the pooled anti-NiV sera on a Western blot (Fig. 1B) , confirming the expression of the recombinant G protein. In order to determine the specificity and sensitivity of the recombinant G protein as antigen for detecting antibodies in NiV positive swine sera a quantitive immunoassay was carried out.
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         id = cord-309488-8guapzke
     author = Dodd, R.
      title = Other emerging viral pathogens
       date = 2006-08-15
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 4365
  sentences = 215
     flesch = 49
    summary = Attention was refocused on viral infections as a result of the outbreak of West Nile virus (WNV) disease in the USA along with the recognition that it was transmissible by transfusion [1] . In 1997, Blackbourn and colleagues [17] reported on the detection of HHV-8 DNA in the blood of a seropositive blood donor; based on evidence of in vitro passage of the virus to allogeneic cells, the authors expressed concern about the potential for transmission by transfusion. This concern is based upon the historical fact that there have been periodic pandemics associated with the circulation of new strains of the virus in humans and the current outbreak of the H5N1 strain of avian influenza, which causes high mortality when it does infect humans [27] . Seroprevalence of human herpes virus 8 antibody in populations at high or low risk of transfusion, graft, or sexual transmission of viruses Molecular cloning and disease association of hepatitis G virus: a transfusion-transmissible agent
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         id = cord-009439-wvlczk62
     author = Park, Hyun-Jun
      title = The essential role of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 2 enzyme in thermal homeostasis upon cold stress
       date = 2020-03-16
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 6171
  sentences = 341
     flesch = 48
    summary = To measure in vivo whole-body and tissuespecific glucose fluxes under feeding-mimicking conditions where insulin and exogenous glucose are supplied, we performed hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies on WT and Fbp2 KO mice as previously reported 23, 30 . A decreased muscle glycogen content (Fig. 3d) and energy metabolism (Fig. 1) in KO mice were observed only after fasting; therefore, we assumed that Fbp2 might have more crucial roles in the severe glycogenolytic condition. Thus, both at room temperature and after 6 h of cold challenge, we conducted experiments using a radioisotope-labeled tracer ( 14 C(U)-lactate) to quantitatively measure the incorporation of lactate into glycogen in the skeletal muscle of WT and Fbp2 KO mice (Fig. 4a) . Although we focused on the relationship between cold tolerance and intramuscular glyconeogenesis, the physiological role of Fbp2 may be extended to other conditions where skeletal muscle glycogen breakdown replenishment is increased.
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         id = cord-285505-8norumv6
     author = Vere Hodge, R. Anthony
      title = Meeting report: 27th International conference on antiviral research, in Raleigh, NC, USA
       date = 2014-09-16
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 10276
  sentences = 566
     flesch = 58
    summary = The focus of John's presentation was on the research conducted in his own and his collaborators' laboratories that ultimately led to the invention of three compounds which were discovered to have antiviral activity against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and which later entered clinical trials: BDCRB pyranoside (GW275175X) (Phase I), maribavir (Phases I, II and III) and cyclopropavir (Phase I). In monotherapy studies after oral dosing with TDF (300 mg) and TAF (25 mg), the plasma TFV AUC is reduced from 1920 to 268 ng.h/ml respectively whereas the reduction in HIV load from baseline is improved, from log 10 0.97 to log 10 1.46 copies/ml, respectively, reflecting the more efficient delivery of TAF to target cells and tissues. David Margolis, University of North Carolina, NC, USA In HIV-infected patients, there is a long-lasting reservoir of HIV in the form of integrated viral DNA in resting CD4+ memory cells of the host immune system.
      cache = ./cache/cord-285505-8norumv6.txt
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         id = cord-270556-lyrgwxit
     author = Winnicka, Beata
      title = CD13 is dispensable for normal hematopoiesis and myeloid cell functions in the mouse
       date = 2010-04-29
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 8829
  sentences = 397
     flesch = 44
    summary = To address the function of myeloid CD13 directly, we created a CD13 null mouse and assessed the responses of purified primary macrophages or DCs from WT and CD13 null animals in cell assays and inflammatory disease models, where CD13 has been implicated previously. The latter study found enhanced phagocytosis of antibody-modified target cells and prolonged downstream signaling upon engagement of the Fc␥R in the presence of cross-linking mAb to CD13 in primary monocytes or myeloid cell lines, suggesting that CD13 may be a functional regulator of this receptor. Although overall adhesion of CD13 null cells was slightly lower than WT to untreated or control monolayers, treatment of the endothelial monolayer with cross-linking anti-mCD13 antibodies significantly increased the adhesion of WT but not CD13 null macrophages (Fig. 4D) , consistent with our results in human cells implicating CD13 as a myeloid adhesion molecule in a gain-of-function manner.
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         id = cord-023837-kenstpja
     author = nan
      title = China
       date = 2019
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 17754
  sentences = 1170
     flesch = 67
    summary = In foreign affairs, regional concerns over China's territorial and military intentions were raised in Nov. 2013 by the government's declaration of a new 'air defence identification zone' over a swathe of the East China Sea including disputed islands claimed by Japan and South Korea. Regarded as the steward of the Chinese economy, Li was expected to focus on securing China's long-term expansion and on the further provision of basic national healthcare, affordable housing, employment growth, regional development and cleaner energy. China is the world's third largest exporter of arms after the USA and Russia, with 6·2% of the global major weapons total over the period 2012-16. GDP growth declined to 6·9% in 2015 (the slowest rate in 25 years) and fell again to 6·7% in 2016 as China attempted to reduce its reliance on exports, increase domestic consumption and develop its service sector.
      cache = ./cache/cord-023837-kenstpja.txt
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         id = cord-305303-82n96ukr
     author = Shapira, Assaf
      title = Removal of Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Cells by a Zymogenized Bacterial Toxin
       date = 2012-02-16
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 10132
  sentences = 431
     flesch = 42
    summary = As shown in Figure 2 , similar numbers of surviving colonies were observed when the cells were transfected with the plasmids encoding mCherry-NS3 activated MazF or the red fluorescent protein alone, suggesting that expression of NS3-activable ribonuclease in naïve HEK293 T-REx cells (that do not express NS3) cause minimal toxicity, if any. The ER membrane-targeted zymoxin colocalizes with NS3 protease in vivo Previously we described a HEK293 cell line which inducibly expresses (by addition of tetracycline) a fusion between EGFP and the coding sequence of the full length NS3 (including the helicase domain) followed by NS4A from HCV 1a genotype [10] . When infection reached ,50% (about 50% of the cultured cells showed expression of the HCV-core protein, as detected by immuno-staining and fluorescence microscopy), the mixed culture and a culture of uninfected cells were treated with NS3 activated MazF or uncleavable-MazF encoding adenoviruses at MOI of ,3.
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         id = cord-270143-muxrxvyo
     author = Markotter, Wanda
      title = Paramyxo- and Coronaviruses in Rwandan Bats
       date = 2019-07-02
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 4897
  sentences = 254
     flesch = 49
    summary = A high diversity of coronaand paramyxoviruses have been detected in different bat species at study sites worldwide, including Africa, however no biosurveillance studies from Rwanda have been reported. In this study, samples from bats collected from caves in Ruhengeri, Rwanda, were tested for the presence of coronaand paramyxoviral RNA using reverse transcription PCR assays. Although several surveillance studies have been implemented to detect potential zoonotic viruses in bats, including from countries in the Congo basin and East Africa, limited information is available for Rwanda. Confirmation of species identification of bats, in which viral RNA was detected, was performed by amplifying the cytochrome b (cyt b) or cytochrome oxidase one (COI) gene region and determining the DNA sequence. aegyptiacus-derived viral sequence (BatPV/Rou_aeg/UP438/RWA/2008) grouped within a Henipavirus-related clade and was near identical to a paramyxoviral sequence detected in the same host species previously reported from Kenya [36] .
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         id = cord-293747-ds8rhbkv
     author = Lani, Rafidah
      title = Antiviral activity of silymarin against chikungunya virus
       date = 2015-06-16
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 5074
  sentences = 254
     flesch = 51
    summary = Three compounds: silymarin, quercetin and kaempferol were evaluated for their in vitro antiviral activities against CHIKV using a CHIKV replicon cell line and clinical isolate of CHIKV of Central/East African genotype. A cytopathic effect inhibition assay was used to determine their activities on CHIKV viral replication and quantitative reverse transcription PCR was used to calculate virus yield. Different non-cytotoxic concentrations of silymarin, kaempferol and quercetin were tested on CHIKV-infected Vero cells to find the effective compound. To confirm the post-entry antiviral activity of silymarin against CHIKV a virus yield assay using qRT-PCR was used. In contrast, dose-dependent reduction of amounts of nsP1, nsP3 and E2 proteins was observed (Fig. 6) indicating that silymarin limited CHIKV replication and virus-encoded protein synthesis within the treated cells. However, as in virus expression and replicon cell lines the synthesis of viral RNAs and proteins are coupled further study is necessary to evaluate the direct effect of silymarin on inhibition of newly synthesized CHIKV proteins.
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         id = cord-292643-n6xp5mlz
     author = Hall, Richard J.
      title = Evaluation of rapid and simple techniques for the enrichment of viruses prior to metagenomic virus discovery
       date = 2013-09-13
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 4803
  sentences = 219
     flesch = 44
    summary = The relative abundance of a virus (or viral nucleic acid) in a sample, compared to that of other organisms such as bacteria or host cells (or their genomes), is a critical factor for the discovery of viruses when using metagenomics. A study on human liver tissue compared enrichment techniques of freeze-thaw, centrifugation and nuclease-treatment for the detection of Hepatitis C Virus using both Roche 454 and Illumina high-throughput sequencing platforms (Daly et al., 2011) . After an initial 10 min reverse transcription step at 45 • C and 10 min denaturation Table 1 Virus enrichment process prior to sequencing in metagenomic studies on human and animal samples. This artificial sample represents a starting point to evaluate simple and rapid viral enrichment methods for use in virus metagenomics studies that seek to detect a virus that is causing disease in humans or animals.
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         id = cord-282466-r2sjv9ih
     author = Antas, Marta
      title = Current Status of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea (PED) in European Pigs
       date = 2019-10-24
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 3322
  sentences = 175
     flesch = 53
    summary = Porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED) is a highly contagious and devastating enteric disease of pigs caused by porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV), an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Alphacoronavirus genus of the Coronaviridae family. Heavy economic losses in the pig-farming industry were sustained in the USA between 2013 and 2015 when PEDV spread very quickly and resulted in epidemics. The purpose of this review is a description of the current status of porcine epidemic diarrhoea in European pigs and the risk presented by the introduction of PEDV to Poland in comparison to the epidemics in the USA. Pathogenesis comparison between the United States porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus prototype and S-INDEL-variant strains in conventional neonatal piglets Isolation and characterization of porcine epidemic diarrhea viruses associated with the 2013 disease outbreak among swine in the United States Characterizing the rapid spread of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) through an animal food manufacturing facility
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         id = cord-318282-ocgfgx9r
     author = Boyce, John M
      title = Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
       date = 2005-10-31
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 8583
  sentences = 424
     flesch = 45
    summary = Measures recommended by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America for controlling health-care-associated MRSA include the use of screening cultures to detect colonised patients, placing patients in private rooms or cohorting patients, wearing gloves for room entry, gowns for substantial contact with patients or their environment, and hand hygiene before and after patient contact. Further studies are necessary to establish the relative efficacy of control measures such as screening cultures, cohort nursing, increased staffing levels, and improved hand hygiene adherence rates in controlling transmission of MRSA in health-care facilities. Revised guidelines for the control of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in hospitals Comparison of community-and health care-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection Epidemiology of emerging methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Denmark: a nationwide study in a country with low prevalence of MRSA infection Effectiveness of a hospitalwide selective screening programme for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriers at hospital admission to prevent hospital-acquired MRSA infections
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         id = cord-292231-vxaqizkj
     author = Bouquet, Jerome
      title = Microbial burden and viral exacerbations in a longitudinal multicenter COPD cohort
       date = 2020-03-30
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 5746
  sentences = 318
     flesch = 34
    summary = We performed nucleic acid detection for 20 respiratory viruses and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing to evaluate the bacterial microbiota in 1179 sputum samples collected at stable, acute exacerbation and follow-up visits. The odds ratio of an acute exacerbation event and frequent exacerbations (≥2 events/ year) was calculated for demographic and clinical data, viral infections and abundance of certain bacterial taxa in the lung microbiota (Fig. 3 ). Microbiota variability in seemingly stable disease state were associated with higher exacerbation frequency and frequent viral infections (Fig. 4b) . Samples with high relative abundance of Streptococcus/Rothia (biotype 2) were found in greater proportion in USA patients, which was associated with longer history of COPD and less frequent detection of viruses at stable visits (Fig. 6a) . Streptococcus and Haemophilus were found in a majority of USA samples, and associated with longer COPD duration, higher exacerbation frequency, antibiotics and corticosteroid use, but did not significantly correlate with higher viral infections (Fig. 6b) .
      cache = ./cache/cord-292231-vxaqizkj.txt
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         id = cord-287647-0nyquokt
     author = Nemoto, Manabu
      title = The First Detection of Equine Coronavirus in Adult Horses and Foals in Ireland
       date = 2019-10-14
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 2715
  sentences = 139
     flesch = 57
    summary = The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of equine coronavirus (ECoV) in clinical samples submitted to a diagnostic laboratory in Ireland. In contrast in Japan, although an outbreak of diarrhoea occurred among ECoV-infected draft horses at one racecourse [4] [5] [6] , there have been no similar outbreaks subsequently, and all rectal swabs collected from diarrheic Thoroughbred foals were negative. Furthermore, only 2.5% of the rectal swabs collected from healthy foals in the largest Thoroughbred horse breeding region in Japan were positive for ECoV [13] . This study provides the first report of ECoV circulating in Ireland, the third European country with a significant horse industry where the virus has been detected in horses with enteric disease. This is the first report of ECoV detection in faeces samples from both foals and adult horses in Ireland. Low prevalence of equine coronavirus in foals in the largest Thoroughbred horse breeding region of Japan
      cache = ./cache/cord-287647-0nyquokt.txt
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         id = cord-300904-folzz3nu
     author = Uzuner, Gizem
      title = Tourist arrivals in four major economies: another side of economic policy uncertainty and fear
       date = 2020-05-26
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 3197
  sentences = 161
     flesch = 49
    summary = In this paper, we examine the direction of causal relationships among migration-related fear, economic policy uncertainty, tourism, and economic growth in the panel economies of France, Germany, the UK, and the USA. Hence, the study hypothesizes that economic policy uncertainty and migration-related fear Granger cause tourism arrival in France, Germany, the UK, and the USA. In addition, results, as reported in Table 4 , show one-way causality nexus from fear and tourism in France, Germany, the UK, and the USA at p < 0.10, p < 0.05, and p < 0.05 significance level respectively. Empirical results show that migration-related fear is linked with EPU, tourism arrivals, and real income, implying that increase in the level of perceived fear influences tourists' decision-making, enhances policy uncertainty, and, hence economic growth.
      cache = ./cache/cord-300904-folzz3nu.txt
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         id = cord-287807-4aee9wbu
     author = Kennedy, J. L.
      title = Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel WU Polyomavirus Isolate from Arkansas, USA, Associated with Acute Respiratory Infection
       date = 2017-01-12
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 913
  sentences = 58
     flesch = 53
    summary = title: Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel WU Polyomavirus Isolate from Arkansas, USA, Associated with Acute Respiratory Infection We report here the complete genome sequence of a WU polyomavirus (WUPyV) isolate, also known as human polyomavirus 4, collected in 2016 from a patient in Arkansas with an acute respiratory infection. An Illumina stranded-RNA sequencing library was created from isolated RNA (Zymo Direct-zol; Zymo Research, USA), and hybridization-based enrichment was performed using the University of New Mexico (UNM) ResVir (respiratory viral) panel probe set designed to be complementary to coding sequence regions of 24 human respiratory viruses. The whole-genome sequence of the hPyV4/USA/AR001/2016 isolate has been deposited in GenBank under the accession number KX787894. Identification of a novel polyomavirus from patients with acute respiratory tract infections Presence of the newly discovered human polyomaviruses KI and WU in Australian patients with acute respiratory tract infection Complete genome sequence of a novel human WU polyomavirus isolate associated with acute respiratory infection
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         id = cord-309379-ml75kvl5
     author = Kanger, Laur
      title = Emergence, consolidation and dominance of meta-regimes: Exploring the historical evolution of mass production (1765–1972) from the deep transitions perspective
       date = 2020-09-09
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 13229
  sentences = 631
     flesch = 43
    summary = Instead of focusing on dominant technologies or common practices the development of mass production is understood as the emergence of a meta-regime, i.e. a set of mutually aligned rules guiding production activities in multiple socio-technical systems. Secondly, given our focus on the engineering dimension, the narrative might somewhat overstate the prominence of USA while downplaying the contribution of different countries to the correlates of mass production in other dimensions (economy, policy, everyday life, culture), e.g. interwar era Soviet experiments with centralized planning as a precursor for large-scale state intervention in the entire Transatlantic region after World War II. These included a shortage of skilled labour (thereby providing incentives for investing in machinery), road and rail network enabling nation-wide markets, fast population growth coupled with rising purchasing power, the emergence and growth of large-scale corporations able to capture various economies of scale, the rise of the engineers as a new and increasingly influential social group but also the American cultural values favouring the development of a highly accelerated society [15,38, pp.
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         id = cord-308328-wfiqbu3m
     author = Upadhyay, Ranjit Kumar
      title = Age-group-targeted testing for COVID-19 as a new prevention strategy
       date = 2020-09-01
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 4788
  sentences = 271
     flesch = 56
    summary = We observe a marked flattening of the infection curve upon simulating increased testing in the 15–40 year age groups in India. Robust testing and tracing are key to containing the pandemic and effectively 'flattening' the infection curve, both by distributing cases over a longer period of time and by reducing the total number of cases, and thus lowering the epidemic peak. Here, we leverage the emerging information from COVID-19 in different countries, mainly USA, Italy and India, to develop a COVID-19 specific model that can inform on effective interventions for coronavirus containment. Our model recommends that testing and tracing be ramped up in the 15-40-year age-group population in India in order to flatten the infection curve in shortest time possible in the current situation. Finally, we have proposed a novel method of age-group-targeted testing to tackle the situation and have also showed how it can help in flattening the curve effectively.
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         id = cord-034191-qqb2knmo
     author = Alayi, Tchilabalo D.
      title = Tandem Mass Tag-Based Serum Proteome Profiling for Biomarker Discovery in Young Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Boys
       date = 2020-10-06
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 8942
  sentences = 439
     flesch = 48
    summary = In this study, we sought to optimize and standardize a serum processing workflow in combination with tandem mass tag (TMT) multiplexing strategy to systematically survey the serum proteome of young untreated DMD boys and agematched healthy controls and identify biomarkers associated in the early stages of the disease. Serum samples from 4 year-old glucocorticoid naive DMD patients (n = 9) and age-matched healthy controls (n = 9) were processed for proteome profiling using our standardized multiplexing TMT-based mass spectrometry method described above. As expected, a large number of identified biomarkers (50%) that were found to be elevated in sera of these young DMD boys relative to the healthy controls were of muscle origin based on Gene Ontology molecular function annotations ( Figure S2 ) and information collected using Mass Spectrometry Data Analysis tools.
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         id = cord-258468-52gej3co
     author = Marcekova, Zuzana
      title = Heterologous expression of full-length capsid protein of porcine circovirus 2 in Escherichia coli and its potential use for detection of antibodies
       date = 2009-08-05
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 6991
  sentences = 326
     flesch = 53
    summary = title: Heterologous expression of full-length capsid protein of porcine circovirus 2 in Escherichia coli and its potential use for detection of antibodies coli-expressed Cap protein to self-assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs), the immunization of mice with recombinant Cap yielded antibodies with the same specificity as those raised against native PCV 2 virions. In addition, the antigenic properties of the purified Cap protein were employed in a subunit-based indirect ELISA to monitor the levels of PCV 2 specific antibodies in piglets originating from a herd which was experiencing PCV 2 infection. In order to eliminate the cluster of rare codons from the 5 end of the cap gene, the expression vector encoding a truncated variant of Cap protein ( Cap-His), which was lacking the first 16 amino acid residues, was constructed (Fig. 1B) . In summary, a bacterial expression system has been developed for the production of the full-length recombinant capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 2.
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         id = cord-295661-v3q1spmm
     author = Resende, Talita Pilar
      title = Evaluation of mouse enteroids as a model for Lawsonia intracellularis infection
       date = 2019-07-19
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 5460
  sentences = 252
     flesch = 31
    summary = intracellularis antigen is detectable in mouse enteroids, indicating susceptibility to infection, mouse enteroids fail to replicate the cellular proliferation and gene expression changes observed in proliferative enteropathy. Wnt3a protein, which regulates the signaling pathways related to the cellular proliferation in the intestinal crypt compartment [33] , was removed from the enteroid culture media at least 3 days before infection to enable cells to better differentiate. intracellularis infection induces changes in the proliferation and differentiation of enteroid epithelial cells, as observed in the swine intestine, we evaluated expression of Ki-67, Sox9 and Muc2 in enteroids harvested at 1, 3 and 7 dpi relative to expression in enteroids at 0 dpi. intracellularis antigen stained by immunohistochemistry is observed as small bacilli in the cytoplasm of cell cultures [5, 47, 48] and in the apical cytoplasm of intestinal epithelial cells of naturally and experimentally-infected pigs.
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         id = cord-254874-ug0ler5e
     author = Ramos-Rincón, José M.
      title = A snapshot of pneumonia research activity and collaboration patterns (2001–2015): a global bibliometric analysis
       date = 2019-09-05
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 6270
  sentences = 301
     flesch = 41
    summary = BACKGROUND: This article describes a bibliometric review of the scientific production, geographical distribution, collaboration, impact, and subject area focus of pneumonia research indexed on the Web of Science over a 15-year period. The only document types we studied were original articles and reviews, analyzing descriptive indicators by five-year periods and the scientific production by country, adjusting for population, economic, and research-related parameters. In this study, by analyzing scientific papers on pneumonia published in the main international scientific journals, we aimed to identify the scientific contribution of different countries to the worldwide research effort, the most cited landmark articles, the degree and nature of scientific collaboration, and the topics addressed. Specifically, we will analyze: (1) the evolution of scientific production; (2) its distribution by countries and regions; (3) the impact of the research papers; and (4) the degree of international collaboration.
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         id = cord-271176-wdc4p4bc
     author = González-Scarano, Francisco
      title = Infectious etiology in multiple sclerosis: the debate continues
       date = 1999-12-01
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 2314
  sentences = 95
     flesch = 38
    summary = Detectable as 'oligoclonal' bands in electrophoresed samples of concentrated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins, antibodies produced by plasma cells within the CNS are usually seen in infectious diseases such as syphilis or AIDS, where they are directed against antigenic components of the invading microorganism. Although there were calls from conference 'break-out' sessions for better stratification of MS patients in epidemiological studies, the consensus of studies pointing in the direction of an environmental cause, as well as the evidence from the oligoclonal immune responses, convinced the majority of delegates that MS is likely to be caused or triggered by an infectious agent. tuberculosis, even though a strong immune response involving both CD4 ϩ and CD8 ϩ T cells and production of IFN-␥, TNF-␣ and other cytokines is present.
      cache = ./cache/cord-271176-wdc4p4bc.txt
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         id = cord-013178-li1x1m25
     author = Hung, Ling-Chu
      title = The Monoclonal Antibody Recognized the Open Reading Frame Protein in Porcine Circovirus Type 2-Infected Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
       date = 2020-08-29
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 9764
  sentences = 534
     flesch = 59
    summary = title: The Monoclonal Antibody Recognized the Open Reading Frame Protein in Porcine Circovirus Type 2-Infected Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells The purpose of this study in the context of the open reading frame 3 (ORF3) protein of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) was especially its location and its relation to the capsid protein and the apoptosis protein in PCV2-infected porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The mAb 7D3 binds to the ORF3 peptide (residues 35–66) and the native ORF3 protein in PCV2-infected PBMCs, as shown by immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Overall, this study provides a blueprint to explore the ORF3 protein in PCV2-infected PBMCs. The Porcine circovirus (PCV) is a small virus and contains closed circular single-stranded DNA [1] . For these purposes, this study used the commercial capsid antigen-ELISA and homemade ORF3 protein-ELISA (anti-N1 polyclonal antibodies and mAb 7D3 based) to detect viral proteins in pig blood.
      cache = ./cache/cord-013178-li1x1m25.txt
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         id = cord-024047-wg7hew1b
     author = Lennox, Angela M.
      title = Equipment for Exotic Mammal and Reptile Diagnostics and Surgery
       date = 2006-06-29
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 2009
  sentences = 127
     flesch = 44
    summary = Exotic practitioners use standard or modified veterinary and human equipment, and now even enjoy the benefit of specialized products manufactured specifically for exotic pet practice. Today, equipment is modified from what is available for human or traditional pet medicine, or even manufactured specifically for exotic patients. Blood sample collection techniques used for exotic mammals and reptiles are modified from traditional pet medicine and utilize a variety of needles, syringes, and other collection devices and containers. The endoscope and light source are the minimum equipment required for visualization of the oral cavity, ear canal, and nasal cavity of small exotic mammals (Fig 2) . Recently, a vessel heat-sealing device has been described for use in small exotic patients. The device can be used via a diagnostic port for endoscopic surgeries, but is currently too large for traditional small exotic endoscopy equipment. Preparation and equipment useful for surgery in small exotic pets
      cache = ./cache/cord-024047-wg7hew1b.txt
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         id = cord-035277-napw1pxe
     author = Paul, Swarna Kamal
      title = A Multivariate Spatiotemporal Model of COVID-19 Epidemic Using Ensemble of ConvLSTM Networks
       date = 2020-11-11
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 2793
  sentences = 181
     flesch = 62
    summary = A proposed ensemble of convolutional LSTM-based spatiotemporal model can forecast the spread of the epidemic with high resolution and accuracy in a large geographic region. It achieved 5.57% and 0.3% mean absolute percent error for total number of predicted infection cases in a 5-day prediction period for USA and Italy, respectively. To address the problem of spatiotemporal prediction of Covid-19 spread in a large geographical region with high resolution, an ensemble of Convolutional LSTM [4]based model is proposed which needs to be trained with multilayer temporal geospatial data, transformed as sequence of frames. Experimentation is carried out with data of USA and Italy and achieved country-level mean absolute percent error (MAPE) of 5.57% and 0.3%, respectively, on forecasting of total infection cases in 5 days period. Thus, a large geographic region is divided into relatively smaller grids and model is trained with samples drawn from local distribution of infection cases.
      cache = ./cache/cord-035277-napw1pxe.txt
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         id = cord-029201-hkq7wti5
     author = Haukkala, Hiski
      title = Nonpolar Europe? Examining the causes and drivers behind the decline of ordering agents in Europe
       date = 2020-07-15
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 8076
  sentences = 374
     flesch = 54
    summary = Taking its cue from International Relations (IR) debates about the effects of polarity (the number of Great Powers) on the evolution of international order (for a chronological lineage, see Waltz 1979; Kegley and Raymond 1994; Mearsheimer 2001; Brooks and Wohlforth 2008; Monteiro 2014) , this article poses the question whether Europe is experiencing not only a period of 'normal' geopolitical contestation, but could it in fact be in a transition towards a state of affairs where it will become void of Great Powers capable of effectively ordering the continent, let alone the wider world. For Bull, it was indeed the existence of shared institutions, such as balance of power and international law, that formed the basis of what he called Table 1 Key characteristics of a successful ordering agent in international politics Material capability Competence, ability to act Political willingness to act in an ordering role Ideational/ideological foundation for organising principles External appeal/legitimacy of ideas, norms and values promoted 'international society'.
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         id = cord-253609-vi2fb43t
     author = Gopinathannair, Rakesh
      title = COVID-19 and cardiac arrhythmias: a global perspective on arrhythmia characteristics and management strategies
       date = 2020-06-03
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 3198
  sentences = 176
     flesch = 44
    summary = Sixty of 489 respondents (12.3%) reported having to discontinue therapy with HCQ + AZM due to significant QTc prolongation and 20 (4.1%) reported cases of Torsade de Pointes in patients on HCQ/chloroquine and AZM. To better understand the cardiac arrhythmic manifestations and treatment strategies employed in hospitalized COVID-19 patients through a worldwide cross-sectional survey of arrhythmia professionals. The major findings of this global survey include the following: (a) In hospitalized COVID-19 patients, EP professionals across the globe reported a wide variety of arrhythmic manifestations, with several reporting potentially life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias (sustained monomorphic VT, polymorphic VT/Torsade de Pointes, VT/VF arrest) as well as Fig. 3 Difference between US and non-US respondents regarding the percentage of hospitalized COVID-19 patients being treated with HCQ/chloroquine + azithromycin Fig. 2 Characteristics of bradyarrhythmias observed in hospitalized COVID-19 patients pulseless electrical activity.
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         id = cord-035181-l1heb3or
     author = Nagarajan, Kiran Koushik
      title = Prevalence of US-trained International Medical Graduates (IMG) physicians awaiting permanent residency: a quantitative analysis
       date = 2020-10-29
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 2385
  sentences = 127
     flesch = 51
    summary = title: Prevalence of US-trained International Medical Graduates (IMG) physicians awaiting permanent residency: a quantitative analysis CONCLUSIONS: The total number of US-trained immigrant physicians in active practice awaiting permanent residency to the USA is estimated to be ranging between 14,710 and 16,189. We formulated a stepwise approach to the problem, by first quantifying the number of non-US IMGs (International Medical Graduates who were not US citizens), who had sought residency training in the USA, from 2004 until 2020. These numbers were used to get an estimate of physicians who had likely applied for immigrant petitions currently practicing in the USA but were awaiting permanent residency. The 2018 FSMB census data suggested that while the proportion of physicians from China was relatively small and was not quantified, the majority of licensed IMGs that were currently in practice in the US had graduated from medical schools in India, with their numbers being estimated at 50,173 (23%) (Figure 1 ) [15] .
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         id = cord-020010-q58x6xb0
     author = nan
      title = 19th ICAR Abstracts:
       date = 2006-03-13
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 46663
  sentences = 2181
     flesch = 44
    summary = In the present study we reported the antiviral activity of neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir against lethal H5N1 influenza virus infection in ferrets, an appropriate animal model that closely resembles clinical signs of human influenza. Earl Kern 1 , Kathy Keith 2 , Robert Jordan 2 , Dennis Hruby 2 , Debra Quenelle 2 1 Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA; 2 SIGA Technologies, Inc., Corvallis, OR, USA Although cidofovir (CDV) has been approved as an investigational new drug for emergency treatment of smallpox, its lack of oral activity and dose limiting toxicity dictates a need for continued development of better therapeutic agents for this potential bioterror disease. The in vitro antiviral activity of one of the most selective compounds, i.e. CHI-033, was assessed by (i) MTS-based cytopathic effect assays, (ii) virus yield reduction assays, (iii) real-time quantitative PCR (RT-QPCR) and (iv) by monitoring viral antigen expression.
      cache = ./cache/cord-020010-q58x6xb0.txt
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         id = cord-303165-ikepr2p2
     author = Tulchinsky, Theodore H.
      title = Expanding the Concept of Public Health
       date = 2014-10-10
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 33919
  sentences = 1389
     flesch = 41
    summary = It also demands special attention through health promotion activities of all kinds at national and local societal levels to provide access for groups with special risks and needs to medical and community health care with the currently available and newly developing knowledge and technologies. 5. Environmental, biological, occupational, social, and economic factors that endanger health and human life, addressing: (a) physical and mental illness, diseases and infirmity, trauma and injuries (b) local and global sanitation and environmental ecology (c) healthful nutrition and food security including availability, quality, safety, access, and affordability of food products (d) disasters, natural and human-made, including war, terrorism, and genocide (e) population groups at special risk and with specific health needs. It acts to improve health and social welfare, and to reduce specific determinants of diseases and risk factors that adversely affect the health, well-being, and productive capacities of an individual or society, setting targets based on the size of the problem but also the feasibility of successful intervention, in a cost-effective way.
      cache = ./cache/cord-303165-ikepr2p2.txt
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         id = cord-033146-2v1kuq50
     author = Boylan, Brandon M.
      title = US–China Relations: Nationalism, the Trade War, and COVID-19
       date = 2020-10-04
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 7902
  sentences = 391
     flesch = 48
    summary = However, in an effort to thwart China's economic practices and boost the US economy, President Trump's administration levied tariffs on Chinese imports shortly after taking office, moving US foreign economic policy from liberalism, practiced for decades, to protectionism. In the USA, the Trump administration's plan to achieve energy autonomy, decrease reliance on foreign resources, and reinvigorate the manufacturing sector has led to protectionist policies, the othering of China, and hence the trade war. However, the Chinese state media employed a moderate approach in covering the trade conflict, criticizing the Trump administration for its protectionist policies instead of blaming the USA as a whole for economic aggression (Zeng and Sparks 2020) . Although the Trump administration initiated the trade war, China has retaliated with tit-for-tat measures and exerted a great deal of power to protect its economic and political interests and its burgeoning leadership role in global affairs.
      cache = ./cache/cord-033146-2v1kuq50.txt
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         id = cord-275210-baqaqsli
     author = DREESEN, DAVID W.
      title = Animal Vaccines
       date = 2007-09-05
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 5271
  sentences = 263
     flesch = 49
    summary = Using the SAD Berne strain of virus adapted from the ERA strain, several types of MLV ORV vaccines have been produced for use in baits for free-ranging animals that serve as vectors for the maintenance and transmission of the disease in wildlife species . The new generation of vectored recombinant vaccines now appearing on the market, such as the avipoxvirus vaccine recently licensed for use for cats in the USA (a rabies glycoprotein, live canarypox vectored vaccine) appears to produce few, if any, allergic or neoplastic reactions (Greene and Dreesen, 1998; Greene and Rupprecht, 2006) . All currently licensed killed rabies vaccines intended for use in carnivores must protect 22 of 25 or 26 of 30 (or a statistically equivalent number) animals from an IM challenge with a rabies virus for 90 days post challenge and 80% of controls must die from the challenge (Code of Federal Regulations, 2004).
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         id = cord-026579-k3w8h961
     author = Carr, Paul R.
      title = Shooting Yourself First in the Foot, then in the Head: Normative Democracy Is Suffocating, and then the Coronavirus Came to Light
       date = 2020-06-10
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 8706
  sentences = 351
     flesch = 49
    summary = I highlight three points related to democracy in this text, formulating the following central arguments: 1) Social media and, consequently, citizen engagement are becoming a significant filter that can potentially re-imagine the political, economic, and social worlds (outside of and beyond normative democracy), which increasingly bleed over to how we might develop and engage with 'democracy' (Garrett 2019) ; to this end, the advent of 'fake news' is a worthy subject to explore here because a functioning democracy, to a certain degree, is dependent on media/political literacy, critical engagement/participation, and the capacity to communicate, analyze, and disseminate nuanced perspectives, ideas, and information; I introduce a brief case study on the nefarious interpretation of the killing of Jamal Khashoggi in 2018 (BBC News 2019) to underscore the tension points in normative democracy; 2) Capitalism, or neoliberalism, needs to be more fully exposed, interrogated, and confronted if 'normative, representative, hegemonic, electoral democracy' is to be re-considered, re-imagined, and re-invented (Lydon 2017) ; the perpetuation of social inequalities lays bare the frailty of normative democratic institutions; 3) Covid-19 has exposed the fault lines and fissures of normative democracy, illustrating here the 'common sense' ways that power imbalances are sustained, which leaves little room for social solidarity (Human Rights Watch 2020); I present here a small case study of the economic and labor dynamic in Quebec during the coronavirus.
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         id = cord-013601-y8pc4qfc
     author = Zhou, Bo-ya
      title = Nintedanib inhibits keloid fibroblast functions by blocking the phosphorylation of multiple kinases and enhancing receptor internalization
       date = 2020-04-23
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 6143
  sentences = 299
     flesch = 45
    summary = This study aimed to explore the targeted drug effect of nintedanib on antagonizing multiple signaling pathways related to VEGF-R, FGF-R, PDGF-R, and TGF-β-R and examine its therapeutic effect on keloid fibroblast behaviors, including cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, overproduction of extracellular matrix, cell migration, and cell invasion, using in vitro and ex vivo models. However, treatment with increasing concentrations of nintedanib for 7 days significantly inhibited KFs from migrating out of the tissue explants in a dose-dependent manner with significant differences from that of the control group (P < 0.05). As presented in Fig. 4a , at the transcriptional level, treatment with the drug at concentrations of 1, 2, and 4 μM for 72 h significantly suppressed the gene expression of COL-1, FN, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and FK506-binding protein 10 (FKBP10) in a dose-dependent manner, with significant differences among the groups (P < 0.05).
      cache = ./cache/cord-013601-y8pc4qfc.txt
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         id = cord-013325-8lds7nti
     author = Ecker, Jeffrey W.
      title = High-Yield Expression and Purification of Recombinant Influenza Virus Proteins from Stably-Transfected Mammalian Cell Lines
       date = 2020-08-21
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 9393
  sentences = 426
     flesch = 43
    summary = title: High-Yield Expression and Purification of Recombinant Influenza Virus Proteins from Stably-Transfected Mammalian Cell Lines Herein, we describe the approach for developing stable transfected human cell lines for the expression of recombinant influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) and recombinant influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) proteins for the purpose of in vitro and in vivo vaccine development. Herein, we describe an approach for developing stable transfected human cell lines expressing recombinant influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) and influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) proteins for the purpose of in vitro and in vivo vaccine development. Plasmids for expressing recombinant wild-type HA influenza proteins were human codon optimized and ordered from Genewiz (South Plainfield, NJ, USA) or cloned from a full-length HA gene into a pcDNA3.1/Zeo (+) vector (Thermo Fisher Scientific) using the BamHI and HindIII restriction sites. As shown in Figure 4B , the maximal rHA yields were achieved by the previously described Computationally-Optimized Broadly Reactive Antigen (COBRA) P1 HA protein [3, 24] stable transfected cells.
      cache = ./cache/cord-013325-8lds7nti.txt
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         id = cord-305858-gp1u4kh7
     author = Song, Xiang
      title = High expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) on tissue macrophages that may be targeted by virus SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients
       date = 2020-07-19
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 4896
  sentences = 268
     flesch = 49
    summary = To better understand the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and build up the host anti-viral immunity, we examined the levels of ACE2 expression on different types of immune cells including tissue macrophages. To determine whether platelets were directly targeted by SARS-CoV-2 or trigged by viral inflammatory reactions, we examined the ACE2 expression on the highly-purified CD41b + CD42a + platelets from human peripheral blood ( Figure 3A Our previous work established that platelets could release mitochondria contributing to the immune modulation and islet b-cell regeneration [13] . Thus, the virus-infected alveolar macrophages play a critical role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and SARS [28] [29] [30] and may recruit the lung infiltration of additional immune cells through predominantly releasing cytokines and chemokines [31, 32] , resulting in pulmonary edema and hypoxemia: the hallmark of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) ( Figure 6 ).
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         id = cord-260653-5qwtvm9x
     author = Chikhlikar, Priya
      title = DNA Encoding an HIV-1 Gag/Human Lysosome-Associated Membrane Protein-1 Chimera Elicits a Broad Cellular and Humoral Immune Response in Rhesus Macaques
       date = 2006-12-27
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 6117
  sentences = 278
     flesch = 49
    summary = Thomas; Marques, Ernesto T.A. title: DNA Encoding an HIV-1 Gag/Human Lysosome-Associated Membrane Protein-1 Chimera Elicits a Broad Cellular and Humoral Immune Response in Rhesus Macaques Previous studies of HIV-1 p55Gag immunization of mice have demonstrated the usefulness of targeting antigens to the cellular compartment containing the major histocompatibility complex type II (MHC II) complex molecules by use of a DNA antigen formulation encoding Gag as a chimera with the mouse lysosome-associated membrane protein (mLAMP/gag). In the present study, we have analyzed the magnitude and breadth of Gag-specific T-lymphocyte and antibody responses elicited in Rhesus macaques after immunization with DNA encoding a human LAMP/gag (hLAMP/gag) chimera. This study demonstrates that Rhesus macaques immunized with a DNA plasmid vaccine-encoding gag as an hLAMP/gag chimera develops strong antigen-specific humoral responses as well as CD4 + and CD8 + T-cell responses.
      cache = ./cache/cord-260653-5qwtvm9x.txt
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         id = cord-001117-llb4f74a
     author = Ji, Wen-Jie
      title = Spironolactone Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Injury Partially via Modulating Mononuclear Phagocyte Phenotype Switching in Circulating and Alveolar Compartments
       date = 2013-11-19
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 4964
  sentences = 257
     flesch = 34
    summary = Moreover, serial flow cytometry analysis in blood, BALF and enzymatically digested lung tissue, revealed that spironolactone could partially inhibit bleomycin-induced circulating Ly6C(hi) monocyte expansion, and reduce alternative activation (F4/80+CD11c+CD206+) of mononuclear phagocyte in alveoli, whereas the phenotype of interstitial macrophage (F4/80+CD11c-) remained unaffected by spironolactone during investigation. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The present work provides the experimental evidence that spironolactone could attenuate bleomycin-induced acute pulmonary injury and fibrosis, partially via inhibition of MR-mediated circulating monocyte and alveolar macrophage phenotype switching. Based on current evidence, we speculated that pharmacological inhibition of MR with clinically approved drug, may regulate lung macrophage phenotype switching, as well as their progenitors, bone marrow-derived circulating monocytes, and may confer novel therapeutic potential in a murine model of bleomycin-induced acute pulmonary injury and fibrosis.
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         id = cord-007425-l9c1x7tb
     author = Klomp, Richard W.
      title = CDC’s Multiple Approaches to Safeguard the Health, Safety, and Resilience of Ebola Responders
       date = 2019-12-10
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 4212
  sentences = 216
     flesch = 44
    summary = A small subset of non-clinical deployers also participated in a three-day training designed in collaboration with the Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress (CSTS; Bethesda, Maryland USA) to train individuals to assess and address the well-being and resilience of themselves and their teammates in the field during a deployment. Senior CDC leadership tasked their Office of Safety, Security, and Asset Management's (OSSAM) WorkLife Wellness Office (WWO) to set up a pre-deployment screening process to reduce the likelihood of deploying someone at-risk of negative mental health outcomes in an emergency response. 7 The CSTS also recommended that the CDC consider using Psychological First Aid (PFA) as the foundation for its resilience-supporting training initiative; 8 PFA could be described as a pragmatic, evidence-informed, public health or population-based framework designed to help non-clinicians organize a response to trauma at the individual or community level.
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         id = cord-003841-7uaj9hmx
     author = Desmonts de Lamache, D.
      title = Immuno-modulating properties of Tulathromycin in porcine monocyte-derived macrophages infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
       date = 2019-08-23
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 7978
  sentences = 414
     flesch = 37
    summary = The findings indicate that tulathromycin, in the absence of a direct anti-viral effect, is able to restore the phagocytic function and to attenuate the pro-inflammatory phenotype of PRRSV-infected monocyte-derived porcine macrophages. However, Immuno-modulating properties of Tulathromycin in PRRSV-infected porcine monocyte-derived macrophages PRRSV-induced IL-10 inhibition was abolished when the cells were pre-treated with tulathromycin at 2 and 12 hours post infection (Fig 6) . Another set of experiments assessed the effects of PRRSV, and of tulathromycin, on the nonopsonized and opsonized phagocytic functions of MDMs. PRRSV infection significantly Immuno-modulating properties of Tulathromycin in PRRSV-infected porcine monocyte-derived macrophages inhibited both phagocytic functions of the cells (Figs 10 and 11 ). The findings indicate that TUL inhibits PRRSV-induced inflammatory responses in porcine monocyte-derived macrophages and protects against the phagocytic impairment caused by the virus, in the absence of any direct anti-viral effects.
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         id = cord-006876-v2m5l5wz
     author = nan
      title = Neurocritical Care Society 14(th) Annual Meeting
       date = 2016-08-11
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 59719
  sentences = 3440
     flesch = 47
    summary = We conducted a prospective cohort study among mild and moderate-severe TBI patients admitted to a level 1 trauma center with these inclusion criteria: 1) Age < 65 years, 2) No severe non-TBI injuries, 3) No prior cardiac disease, and 4) Minimal comorbidities. In most instances, DC has been performed based on neurosurgical evaluation of the patient with or without intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring and evidence of increased shown variable outcomes in emergency (within 4 hours of injury) neurosurgical procedure in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). This is an observational cohort study of adult patients (>18 years) in a 10-bed NSICU at an academic, tertiary care center evaluating quality outcome measures pre-and post-neurointensivists. Intensivists in neuro ICU must consistently assess and treat the non-neurological complications in traumatic brain and spine-injured patients and deliver appropriate care to bring down the mortality and morbidity and improve outcome.
      cache = ./cache/cord-006876-v2m5l5wz.txt
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         id = cord-260618-k0y0fz7k
     author = Belli, Simone
      title = Coronavirus mapping in scientific publications: When science advances rapidly and collectively, is access to this knowledge open to society?
       date = 2020-07-01
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 9640
  sentences = 417
     flesch = 51
    summary = Our main objectives are to identify the most productive countries in coronavirus publications, to analyse the international scientific collaboration on this topic, and to study the proportion and typology of open accessibility to these publications. (2004) , and collected 256 articles indexed in the Science Citation Index (SCI) in the period March-July 2003, analyzing traditional indicators (authorship, collaboration, journals, language, document type, organization, times cited, etc.). We offer a general search in all databases available at Web of Science (WoS) platform and a deeper bibliometric analysis of recent coronavirus scientific publications indexed in its Core Collection. For the 2001-2020 period (Table 1) , the value of the TLS in proportion to the number of documents provided is especially low in countries such as Japan, South Korea, Taiwan or Brazil, with 0.46, 0.35, 0.28 and 0.38 links per document and 35.87%, 25.81%, 19.89% and 31.79% of documents resulted from international collaboration respectively.
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         id = cord-284113-qboon2uv
     author = Zheljazkov, Valtcho D.
      title = Industrial, CBD, and Wild Hemp: How Different Are Their Essential Oil Profile and Antimicrobial Activity?
       date = 2020-10-12
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 7499
  sentences = 393
     flesch = 57
    summary = The hypothesis was that wild hemp would have a different EO content, composition, and antimicrobial activity compared with the EOs of registered industrial hemp cultivars, new hemp breeding lines, and a hemp strain (unregistered cultivar) that is currently used for the commercial production of CBD. Overall, the EOs of the wild hemps and registered cultivars in this study were similar to those reported previously: 0.23 to 0.31% in fresh inflorescences [14] , 0.29 to 0.19% depending on the collection time with higher EO yield from plants sampled earlier (in September than in October) [13] , and 0.1% in stems and 0.15% in the leaves of wild hemp from Austria [15] , respectively. Overall, the results from this study suggest that wild/spontaneous hemp in Europe is chemotaxonomically related to the industrial hemp varieties (cultivars) grown in Europe and deviate from the chemical profile of the USA hemp strain that was developed from marijuana-type cannabis for the commercial production of CBD.
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         id = cord-263453-7v4y02j6
     author = Nishiura, Hiroshi
      title = Early Epidemiological Assessment of the Virulence of Emerging Infectious Diseases: A Case Study of an Influenza Pandemic
       date = 2009-08-31
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 5350
  sentences = 231
     flesch = 55
    summary = We first examine the approach by analyzing an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong (2003) with known unbiased cCFR estimate, and then investigate published epidemiological datasets of novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in the USA and Canada (2009). Nevertheless, a much-used crude estimate of the cCFR, i.e. the ratio of the cumulative number of deaths to cases at calendar time t, tends to yield a biased (and mostly underestimated) cCFR due to the time-delay from onset to death [8] ; similar estimates of such a biased cCFR for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) have shown how such estimates can vary substantially as an epidemic progresses, stabilizing only in the later stages of the outbreak [8, 9] . doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006852.g003 Figure 6 shows the time course of biased cCFR estimates in the USA and Canada based on the reporting date of confirmed cases and deaths to the World Health Organization.
      cache = ./cache/cord-263453-7v4y02j6.txt
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         id = cord-028341-93e30n3n
     author = Bünte, Claudia
      title = China und die Wirtschaft: Der Riese erwacht nicht, er ist längst auf der Überholspur
       date = 2020-06-26
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 8838
  sentences = 1143
     flesch = 68
    summary = Es liefert Zahlen zu den finanziellen Mitteln im eigenen Land, zur globalen Unterstützung von KI-Startups (hier ist China global führend) und bringt Beispiele für die unbürokratische Unterstützung der Behörden, sobald ein Thema im Fokus der chinesischen Planung steht. Es liefert Zahlen zu den finanziellen Mitteln im eigenen Land, zur globalen Unterstützung von KI-Startups (hier ist China global führend) und bringt Beispiele für die unbürokratische Unterstützung der Behörden, sobald ein Thema im Fokus der chinesischen Planung steht. Uns mag nicht alles gefallen, was wir sehen, angefangen von fehlender Mitbestimmung der Bürger * innen am politischen Geschehen über den aus westlicher Sicht mangelnden Datenschutz bis hin zu einem unguten Gefühl in westlichen Wirtschaftskreisen, die eigenen Innovationen, einmal in China auf den Markt gebracht, würden nicht mehr so geschützt, wie man es von einem europäischen Patentschutz erwarten könnte.
      cache = ./cache/cord-028341-93e30n3n.txt
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         id = cord-281713-3iu8qx7n
     author = Ronquillo, Jay G
      title = Using informatics to guide public health policy during the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA
       date = 2020-07-13
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 1986
  sentences = 102
     flesch = 50
    summary = METHODS: Cross-sectional study of all COVID-19 cases and deaths in the USA on a populationand resource-adjusted basis (as of 24 April 2020) by applying biomedical informatics and data visualization tools to several public and federal government datasets, including analysis of the impact of statewide stay-at-home orders. 6 Resource-adjusted characteristics were calculated by dividing state-level cases by (i) estimated state-level physician totals from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 2018 Compendium of US Health Systems (https://www.a hrq.gov/chsp), and (ii) published state-level estimates for mechanical ventilators as described in the Society of Critical Care Medicine report on US ICU Resource Availability for COVID-19. Using information from available publication and news sources, we identified states with and without stay-at-home or similar nonpharmaceutical intervention (NPI) orders that were implemented statewide as of the study date. 1 Looking beyond raw case and death counts by adjusting for publicly accessible data on populations and resource estimates can help clarify risks and inform public health policy.
      cache = ./cache/cord-281713-3iu8qx7n.txt
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         id = cord-321346-epsp3bbm
     author = Luppa, Peter B.
      title = Point-of-care testing (POCT): Current techniques and future perspectives
       date = 2011-03-21
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 4891
  sentences = 273
     flesch = 47
    summary = In contrast to this centralization and increased efficiency in laboratory diagnostics, there has been a recent trend towards a more decentralized diagnostic analysis, so-called point-of-care testing (POCT), which occurs directly at patientsÕ beds, in operating theatres or outpatient clinics, or at sites of accidents. Clinical pathology as a discipline needs to be responsible for this field, since adherence to quality-management systems ensures accurate, reliable biochemical-test results for optimal patient care and safety, regardless of whether the individual test is performed in a central laboratory or as POCT at the bedside [2] . These instruments are generally more complex than unit-use machines and use different analytical principles [1] : spectrophotometric substrate and enzyme-activity measurement; hematological particle counting; immunoassay; and, sensor-based blood-gas analysis tailored for special POCT applications.
      cache = ./cache/cord-321346-epsp3bbm.txt
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         id = cord-025009-01hsn3us
     author = Poitiers, Niclas Frederic
      title = Institutionelle Aspekte einer neuen Handelsordnung
       date = 2020-05-20
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 1951
  sentences = 270
     flesch = 62
    summary = Indirekt betrifft der Handelskrieg Europa aber auch dadurch, dass die Zölle und Sanktionen, mit denen chinesische Produzenten belegt werden, auch Auswirkung auf ihre europäischen Geschäftspartner haben. 1 Am größten ist jedoch das Risiko, dass die USA das internationale Handelssystem in Richtung eines Systems von staatlich gelenktem Handel (managed trade) führen. Jedoch fehlen der EU viele der wirtschafts-und außenpolitischen Kompetenzen, um außerhalb von Handelsfragen mit dem gleichen Nachdruck wie China und die USA zu agieren. Dies ist zum Nachteil nicht nur Chinas und der meisten US-Bürger, die im Gegenzug höhere Preise für chinesische Güter zahlen müssen, sondern auch anderer Exporteure dieser Güter, insbesondere Brasiliens (Bown, 2020) . Langjährige fundamentale Vorbehalte der USA gegen zwischenstaatliche Organisationen haben sich mit dem Vorwurf gepaart, dass internationale Institutionen von China zu seinem Vorteil ausgenutzt werden. Der Welthandel steht durch den USA-China-Konfl ikt an einer Wegscheide, und durch die SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie ist die Unsicherheit noch weiter gestiegen.
      cache = ./cache/cord-025009-01hsn3us.txt
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         id = cord-034165-kf6a8hix
     author = Mendenhall, Emily
      title = The COVID-19 syndemic is not global: context matters
       date = 2020-10-22
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 455
  sentences = 36
     flesch = 57
    summary = title: The COVID-19 syndemic is not global: context matters What is driving coronavirus to move through the population in the USA and interact with biological and social factors, however, differs from other contexts. US political failures have driven COVID-19 morbidity and mortality, and this cannot be divorced from our historical legacy of systemic racism 4 or our crisis of political leadership. 5 This matters because in other contexts COVID-19 is not syndemic. Recognising political determinants of health is central to the syndemic construct. By calling the COVID-19 syndemic global, we miss the point of the concept entirely. I do not write this to dampen Horton's use of the term, as I believe COVID-19 is syndemic in my country (the USA). Recognising failures of wealthy countries is imperative as we think about where global knowledge and power sit within fields like global health.
      cache = ./cache/cord-034165-kf6a8hix.txt
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         id = cord-304492-ntme8w6i
     author = nan
      title = Speaking up against inequity and racism
       date = 2020-06-16
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 1423
  sentences = 71
     flesch = 49
    summary = The causes of these disparities are complex and include historical and structural racism, implicit racial and social biases, entrenched economic, educational and healthcare inequities, and the cultural and behavioral trends of communities and individuals. In the USA, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) have a long-held policy on the inclusion of minorities in clinical research. It has been estimated that 22% of the cancer deaths in 2018 in the USA could have been avoided had these patients had access to and quality of health care and treatment similar to that of college-educated people 7 . From access to diagnosis, treatment and care, to population representation in the patient cohorts that inform research findings and drive clinical discovery, racial and ethnic minorities remain disadvantaged around the world. Nature Cancer stands with the Black community and minority and underrepresented groups against discrimination and intolerance.
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         id = cord-018839-yfaji9cv
     author = Kim, Yong-kyun
      title = Disaster Theory
       date = 2017-07-11
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
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      words = 17977
  sentences = 726
     flesch = 37
    summary = 
      cache = ./cache/cord-018839-yfaji9cv.txt
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         id = cord-023442-4vzwc2d2
     author = nan
      title = Proceedings of SCANNING 94/SEEMS 94 Charleston, South Carolina, USA
       date = 2006-12-05
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 55552
  sentences = 2821
     flesch = 48
    summary = IV-4 Scanning Vol. 16, Supplement IV (1994) Simulation of image formation and detection systems in the SEM is a vital link in performing image analysis to obtain precise measurements, to provide the necessary connection between image parameters and structural dimensions, and to reflect important microscope beam and detector parameters. By knowing the transfer function, noise, and distortion figure in digital form, it is relatively easy to obtain more accurate comparison of the measured and calculated signal (Fig. 1 The calculation of image contrast in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) can be done using Monte Carlo techniques if the electron trajectories can be calculated through the composition profiles in the specimen. Specimens providing IV-18 Scanning Vol. 16, Supplement IV (1994) FIG highly redundant structures and relatively smooth fractures, such as cell suspensions or o/w emulsions, were investigated using freeze fracture/replication and ambient temperature transmission electron microscopy (AT-TEM).
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         id = cord-328865-ekgqdjlk
     author = Anand, Shuchi
      title = Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in a large nationwide sample of patients on dialysis in the USA: a cross-sectional study
       date = 2020-09-25
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 5647
  sentences = 279
     flesch = 45
    summary = METHODS: For this cross-sectional study, in partnership with a central laboratory that receives samples from approximately 1300 dialysis facilities across the USA, we tested the remainder plasma of 28 503 randomly selected adult patients receiving dialysis in July, 2020, using a spike protein receptor binding domain total antibody chemiluminescence assay (100% sensitivity, 99·8% specificity). 12 Testing remainder plasma from monthly samples obtained for routine care of patients on dialysis for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies therefore represents a practical approach to a population-representative surveillance strat egy, 13 informing risks faced by a susceptible population while ensuring representation from racial and ethnic minorities. In our analysis of seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding antibodies from a nationwide representative sample of patients receiving dialysis, we find that despite the USA contemporaneously leading the world in the numbers of diagnosed cases, overall, fewer than 10% of US adults had evidence of seroconversion in July, 2020.
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         id = cord-321800-0h28pg3b
     author = Klingelhöfer, Doris
      title = Coronavirus: An insight into global research until outbreak of COVID-19 and its implications for the future
       date = 2020-09-23
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 6119
  sentences = 337
     flesch = 55
    summary = RESULTS: The trend in publication and citation numbers shows the strong influence of the past pandemics SARS and MERS with an untypical decline afterward. The current extremely rapid global spread of SARS-CoV-2 has led to the highly dangerous outbreak of the pandemic CoVID-19 with daily increasing numbers of new infections and deaths around the world. Additionally, socio-economic, scientific and epidemiological parameters were related to the publication numbers to obtain an even more meaningful picture of the global landscape of CoV research. The resulting scientific interest and the possible in-si-VIEWPOINTS RESEARCH THEME 1: COVID-19 PANDEMIC tu investigation of the cases caused the publication figures to rise at the beginning of the SARS disease and to fall rapidly thereafter. Here, the USA and China are the highest-ranking countries, demonstrating their overall interest in CoV research and also focusing on the MERS pandemic, despite the relatively low case numbers.
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         id = cord-326189-41t2sshy
     author = García-Colón, Ismael
      title = The COVID-19 spring and the expendability of guestworkers
       date = 2020-07-29
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 3527
  sentences = 171
     flesch = 51
    summary = If the supply of local workers available to work under the wage and conditions set forth by growers and government officials was insufficient, the US Department of Labor certified the use of guestworkers. The argument from many government officials, growers, and labor advocates is that the need for guestworkers derives from the fact that only small numbers of local workers have applied for agricultural jobs, as most of the local population is unwilling to work under arduous agricultural labor conditions characterized by long hours and low wages (Thompson 2020) . Large agribusiness interests and their allied government officials continue to promote policies facilitating labor control and guestworker programs because of their reliance on deportable, low-wage, and immigrant workers. Agricultural businesses expect 200,000 seasonal guest farmworkers from Mexico and Central America to enter the USA with H-2A visas (Leslie 2020 When government officials and growers talk of labor shortages, they are signaling their inability to attract domestic workers who would settle for low wages and still earn enough to sustain their families.
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         id = cord-325484-bd6ba0cp
     author = Johnstone, Phil
      title = World wars and the age of oil: Exploring directionality in deep energy transitions
       date = 2020-09-04
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
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      words = 13103
  sentences = 560
     flesch = 50
    summary = This paper contributes to emerging literatures on war and energy transitions [3, 4, [11] [12] [13] , integrating insights from historical and geopolitical literatures with sociotechnical perspectives to understand the role of world war in the 20th century development of the 'age of oil' [14] . In this paper we combine geopolitical and historical literatures with sociotechnical approaches to understand how the heightened conditions of maintaining abundant and constant supply during the First and Second World Wars influenced the emergence of the 'age of oil' identified as being a key element in the fourth surge by Perez which forms the culmination of the first deep transition. Building on the DT framework and the recognition of the key rule of maintaining abundant and constant supply during world wars [27] , we build on diverse literatures to build an interpretive account of how the exceptional demand pressures of total war influenced dynamics in multiple sociotechnical systems and the relevance these changes had for oil transitions.
      cache = ./cache/cord-325484-bd6ba0cp.txt
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         id = cord-313821-5f5b107l
     author = Poelman, Randy
      title = The emergence of enterovirus D68 in a Dutch University Medical Center and the necessity for routinely screening for respiratory viruses
       date = 2014-11-15
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 3036
  sentences = 172
     flesch = 57
    summary = BACKGROUND: Since August 2014, an increase in infections caused by enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) was reported in the USA and Canada, for the most part in children presenting with severe respiratory symptoms. STUDY DESIGN: Samples from patients with respiratory symptoms were screened for viral pathogens, including rhinovirus and enterovirus. Samples from patients with respiratory symptoms, are routinely screened for several viruses, including influenza A and B, RSV type A and B, metapneumovirus, parainfluenzavirus type 1-4, coronavirus (OC43, 229E and NL63), adenovirus, bocavirus, rhinovirus and enterovirus. However, it could also be caused by the under-diagnosis of EV-D68 infections due to insufficient sampling of patients with respiratory illness, or an insufficient detection of this virus in routine screening panels, whether using Laboratory Developed Tests (LDTs) or commercial assays.
      cache = ./cache/cord-313821-5f5b107l.txt
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         id = cord-272497-ww9o1kjr
     author = Al-Anzi, Bader S.
      title = An Overview of the World Current and Future Assessment of Novel COVID-19 Trajectory, Impact, and Potential Preventive Strategies at Healthcare Settings
       date = 2020-09-25
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 8892
  sentences = 396
     flesch = 58
    summary = The current study aims to assess the trajectory of the recent pandemic due to the COVID-19 outbreak utilizing a new splitting methodology of the selected countries into two groups and developing regression-based and SIR-based statistical models and tools that depict the actual recorded data of COVID-19. Figure 1 was generated to show the recorded daily total infected cases of the world over a certain timeframe (22 January 2020 until present), which shows that the COVID-19 disease started to increase slowly until about 11 March and then accelerated at a faster speed afterwards. Figure 1 was generated to show the recorded daily total infected cases of the world over a certain timeframe (22 January 2020 until present), which shows that the COVID-19 disease started to increase slowly until about 11 March and then accelerated at a faster speed afterwards.
      cache = ./cache/cord-272497-ww9o1kjr.txt
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         id = cord-262169-5x2oop1g
     author = Alola, Andrew Adewale
      title = The nCOVID-19 and financial stress in the USA: health is wealth
       date = 2020-10-08
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 3186
  sentences = 155
     flesch = 51
    summary = By employing the empirical Markov switching regression approach and the compliments of cointegration techniques, the study establishes a two-state (stable and distressing) financial stress situation resulting from the effects of COVID-19 daily deaths, COVID-19 daily recovery, and the USA' economic policy uncertainty. Giving that only a sparse study such as Nicola et al (2020) has explored the economic aspects of COVID-19, the novelty of the current study is expected to close the existing gap in the literature through the following approaches: (i) the examining of the impact of daily deaths from COVID-19, daily recoveries from COVID-19, and economic uncertainty on financial stress, (ii) illustrating with empirical evidence of the states of financial stress with the regime switching approach of Markov-Switch regression technique, and (iii) the use of daily frequency and quite up-to-date data spanning the period 25 February 2020-30 March 2020.
      cache = ./cache/cord-262169-5x2oop1g.txt
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         id = cord-023049-fio7cjj5
     author = nan
      title = 2017 Peripheral Nerve Society Meeting July 8–12, 2017 Sitges, Barcelona, Spain
       date = 2017-06-22
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 145485
  sentences = 7436
     flesch = 48
    summary = Clinical efficacy (Medical Research Council sum score, 10-m walk, modified Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment score, Overall Neuropathy Limitations Scale, Romberg test) and patient-reported outcomes (36-item Short Form Health Survey , Life Quality Index [LQI] ) were assessed at baseline and at regular intervals until the final visit (10-14 months after switching). To explore the issue of early biomarkers in FAP, we performed skin biopsy and compared IENF density with parameters of nerve conduction studies (NCS) and quantitative sensory testing (QST) on 36 subjects (23 men, aged 55.1 ± 11.1 years) with genetic confirmation of TTR-A97S: 17 patients and 19 carriers. Results: The Gly112Ser mutation causing CMT1C is a mild form of CMT, as patients walked on time, had less weakness than those with Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease type 1A (CMT1A), had a Charcot Marie Tooth neuropathy score (CMTNS) indicative of mild disease, and had faster ulnar and median motor nerve conduction velocities compared to those with CMT1A.
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         id = cord-256888-tdx12ccj
     author = Bradley, Benjamin T
      title = Histopathology and ultrastructural findings of fatal COVID-19 infections in Washington State: a case series
       date = 2020-07-16
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 5006
  sentences = 300
     flesch = 45
    summary = To date, documentation of the histopathological features in fatal cases of the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has been scarce due to sparse autopsy performance and incomplete organ sampling. 8 Post-mortem studies have shown pulmonary, renal, and small vessel injury, with particles resembling virus observed in the kidney by electron microscopy. By electron microscopy, aggregates of uniform, round enveloped particles ranging in size from around 70 nm to 100 nm with peripheral spike-like projections consistent with the morphology described for SARS-CoV-2 were observed in the lung, trachea, kidney, and large intestine of patient 8 and patient 13. [9] [10] [11] [12] We present a case series of autopsy findings in 14 patients who died after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The major histopathological observation in our series of patients who died with COVID-19 was diffuse alveolar damage-type lung injury in the acute or organising phases (12 [86%] of 14 patients).
      cache = ./cache/cord-256888-tdx12ccj.txt
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         id = cord-273833-yf8kt84e
     author = Mejia, Rojelio
      title = Global COVID-19 Efforts as the Platform to Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals
       date = 2020-08-20
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 2544
  sentences = 140
     flesch = 50
    summary = Therefore, and as highlighted by many others, we support the notion that a way forward to eliminate this coronavirus pandemic should include linking COVID-19 control to other tropical or poverty-related diseases. To be successful and achieve the global goals including the control of pandemics such as the one seen from the COVID-19, we must rely on strong leadership leading to impactful public policies and global collaborations, including global COVID-19 vaccinations, and potentially linking them to programs for childhood and adult vaccinations and programs for malaria, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and neglected tropical disease treatments. Accordingly, these virus-related morbidities will add to the many already found in these populations already affected by non-communicable diseases functioning as major risk factors for COVID-19, as well as other infections, including the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). The poor living in urban or rural areas of high-income countries and the most impoverished living in LMICs have increased risk for both COVID-19 and tropical diseases.
      cache = ./cache/cord-273833-yf8kt84e.txt
       txt  = ./txt/cord-273833-yf8kt84e.txt
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         id = cord-342242-cynpob7b
     author = Godakova, Svetlana A.
      title = Camelid VHHs Fused to Human Fc Fragments Provide Long Term Protection Against Botulinum Neurotoxin A in Mice
       date = 2019-08-07
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 7485
  sentences = 386
     flesch = 54
    summary = Based on the analysis of B11-Fc and G3-Fc clones' circulation time in the serum (presence of antibodies 14 days after injection), we decided to conduct an experiment on the survival of these mice, which previously received a single injection of the VHHs with the Fc fragment, with a repeated administration of only the lethal toxin dose 14 days after the original administration. Overall, we obtained numerous clones after two rounds of biopanning; we selected 15 clones for initial analysis based on their CDR3s, chose two clones (B11 and G3) with the best pre-mixed results in phage form in vivo, produced them in protein form, and modified their structure and characteristics by dimerization via a (Gly4Ser) 3 linker and fusion to a human IgG Fc fragment to enhance their protective activity.
      cache = ./cache/cord-342242-cynpob7b.txt
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         id = cord-336012-8klkojpo
     author = Harilal, Divinlal
      title = SARS-CoV-2 Whole Genome Amplification and Sequencing for Effective Population-Based Surveillance and Control of Viral Transmission
       date = 2020-06-18
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 3040
  sentences = 144
     flesch = 45
    summary = Unlike RT-qPCR, SARS-CoV-2 Whole Genome Sequencing (cWGS) has the added advantage of identifying cryptic origins of the virus, and the extent of community-based transmissions versus new viral introductions, which can in turn influence public health policy decisions. Methods We performed shotgun transcriptome sequencing using RNA extracted from nasopharyngeal swabs of patients with COVID-19, and compared it to targeted SARS-CoV-2 full genome amplification and sequencing with respect to virus detection, scalability, and cost-effectiveness. Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequencing is a practical, cost-effective, and powerful approach for population-based surveillance and control of viral transmission in the next phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we show that cWGS is cost-effective and is highly scalable when using a target enrichment sequencing method, and we also demonstrate its utility in tracking the origin of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
      cache = ./cache/cord-336012-8klkojpo.txt
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         id = cord-352824-sbsg39ix
     author = Zhan, Choujun
      title = General Model for COVID-19 Spreading with Consideration of Intercity Migration, Insufficient Testing and Active Intervention: Application to Study of Pandemic Progression in Japan and USA
       date = 2020-03-30
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 6624
  sentences = 567
     flesch = 59
    summary = A new Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Confirmed-Removed (SEICR) model with consideration of intercity travel and active intervention is proposed for predicting the spreading progression of the 2019 New Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). Furthermore, the level of intervention in the form of travel restriction, regional lockdown or other active control measures would profoundly influence the rapidity of the spread of the virus and the eventual number of infected cases. A specific parameter is used to adjust the level of active intervention in the simulation of future progression profiles, which corresponds quantitatively to the increase in the number of individuals eventually infected due to an additional infected individual at any given time. With the public raising its level of vigilance in exercising strict protective measures and the government drastically elevating its active intervention, the percentage of population getting infected can be reduced to 0.23% in Japan and 2.7% in the USA.
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         id = cord-350379-6l55soxu
     author = Lee, Jenny J.
      title = Scientific globalism during a global crisis: research collaboration and open access publications on COVID-19
       date = 2020-07-24
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 6225
  sentences = 283
     flesch = 41
    summary = Thus, this study specifically focused on internationally authored scientific articles on COVID-19 published at the beginning of January 2020 to early May 2020 to observe the extent of international collaboration and open access compared with (a) the past five pre-pandemic years and (b) non-COVID-19 articles published during the same 2020 time period. This study sought to explore the nature of scientific globalism, as measured by the extent of scientific research collaboration and open-access articles on COVID-19 and how they compare to non-COVID-19 research (a) during the pandemic as well as (b) the past five pre-pandemic years. In other words countries with a higher GDP, already producing a high domestic output, which also tend to be in restricted journals, may not engage in as much scientific globalism (via international collaboration and open-access publishing) compared with their lower GDP counterparts.
      cache = ./cache/cord-350379-6l55soxu.txt
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         id = cord-331354-ungzlp6b
     author = Mimkes, J.
      title = Test-adjusted results of mortality for Covid-19 in Germany, USA, UK
       date = 2020-11-04
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 1554
  sentences = 145
     flesch = 75
    summary = Our investigations for Germany, USA and UK indicate that deaths do not follow the number of infections, but the positive rate of tests, multiplied by a constant factor F and shifted by about two weeks. These test adjusted results of mortality allow for the estimation of the number of deaths of Covid-19 about two weeks ahead, even in a sharply rising state of the pandemic. Normally, in mortality calculations the series of daily deaths (D k + L) follows the series of daily infections (I k) by a time lag (L) and is smaller by the case fatality ratio CFR, D k + L = CFR * I k. The daily test volume T k and the daily positive rate of infections P k are given by the Robert-Koch-Institute, in figs. In UK, the test adjusted infection data (I k / T k) also lead to a realistic prediction of the death series of the Covid-19 pandemic ( fig.
      cache = ./cache/cord-331354-ungzlp6b.txt
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         id = cord-311214-eqwxkwqa
     author = Kumar, Roshan
      title = Comparative Genomic Analysis of Rapidly Evolving SARS-CoV-2 Viruses Reveal Mosaic Pattern of Phylogeographical Distribution
       date = 2020-04-16
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 2724
  sentences = 184
     flesch = 60
    summary = Through the construction of SARS-CoV-2-human interactome, we further revealed that multiple host proteins (PHB, PPP1CA, TGF-β, SOCS3, STAT3, JAK1/2, SMAD3, BCL2, CAV1 & SPECC1) are manipulated by the viral proteins (nsp2, PL-PRO, N-protein, ORF7a, M-S-ORF3a complex, nsp7-nsp8-nsp9-RdRp complex) for mediating host immune evasion. A manually annotated reference database was generated using the Genbank 128 file of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 isolate-SARS-CoV-129 2/SH01/human/2020/CHN (Accession number: MT121215) and open reading frames (ORFs) 130 were predicted against the formatted database using prokka (-gcode 1) [22] . All these isolates 189 were found to harbor 9 open reading frames coding for ORF1a (13218 bp) and ORF1b (7788 190 bp) polyproteins, surface glycoprotein or S-protein (3822 bp), ORF3a protein (828 bp Our analysis revealed that strains of human infecting SARS-CoV-2 are novel and highly 201 identical (>99.9%). In this study, the analysis was 358 performed on the genomes of the novel SARS-CoV-2 isolates recently reported from different 359 countries to understand viral pathogenesis.
      cache = ./cache/cord-311214-eqwxkwqa.txt
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         id = cord-345430-yowyy5nr
     author = Balzano, Francesca
      title = Behavioral Changes in Stem-Cell Potency by HepG2-Exhausted Medium
       date = 2020-08-12
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 5469
  sentences = 310
     flesch = 52
    summary = Moreover, we observed a downregulation of DNMT1, and a simultaneous overexpression of Oct-4 and c-Myc. These findings suggest that WJ-MSCs are more likely to retain a stem phenotype and sometimes to switch to a highly undifferentiable proliferative-like behavior if treated with medium exhausted by human HepG2 cell lines. Here, we investigated the relative expression levels of the c-Myc, Oct-4, DNMT1, NANOG, SIRT1, p53, SOX2, GAPDH, p21waf1, p19, p16, and TERT genes in WJ-MSCs before and after treatment with HepG2-exhausted medium. Our results showed a path in which WJ-MSCs exposed to medium exhausted by HepG2 cells exhibited an increase in the expression levels of c-Myc, SIRT1, and GAPDH, and a simultaneous decrease in p53 and p21 gene expression ( Figure 2 ). Here, we highlight that p21 downregulation in treated WJ-MSCs (as compared to untreated controls) is related to an increase in cell proliferation, further implied by the greater expression of the stemness gene c-Myc, able itself to inhibit p21 [62, 63] .
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         id = cord-301745-cuatqy1u
     author = Wei, Maryann
      title = Social Distancing and Lockdown – An Introvert’s Paradise? An Empirical Investigation on the Association Between Introversion and the Psychological Impact of COVID19-Related Circumstantial Changes
       date = 2020-09-17
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 4273
  sentences = 195
     flesch = 39
    summary = The current study investigated whether the psychological impact of COVID19-related circumstantial changes was moderated by introversion, based on outcome measures across psychosocial, cognitive, and affective domains. One hundred and fourteen individuals (64 USA residents) completed measures of introversion, and reported on the extent to which they experienced loneliness, anxiety, depression and cognitive impairments as a function of COVID19-related circumstantial changes. Additionally, the psychological impact of COVID19-related circumstantial changes (and mental health in general) has psychosocial, cognitive, and affective aspects, which in turn represent functional domains which may be differentially moderated by personality traits (Segel-Karpas and Lachman, 2018) . After controlling for age, gender, living condition and recent unemployment, higher introversion (higher Introversion Scale scores) uniquely predicted higher depression (PHQ-9) and anxiety (GAD-7) experienced as a function of COVID19-related circumstantial changes, β = 0.196, t = 2.12, p = 0.036 and β = 0.188, t = 2.02, p = 0.046, respectively.
      cache = ./cache/cord-301745-cuatqy1u.txt
       txt  = ./txt/cord-301745-cuatqy1u.txt
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         id = cord-333599-hl11ln2r
     author = Tulchinsky, Theodore H.
      title = Planning and Managing Health Systems
       date = 2014-10-10
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 19701
  sentences = 839
     flesch = 38
    summary = Planning and management are changing in the era of the New Public Health with advances in prevention and treatment of disease, population health needs, innovative technologies such as genetic engineering, new immunizations that prevent cancers and infectious diseases, prevention of non-communicable diseases, environmental and nutritional health, and health promotion to reduce risk factors and improve healthful living for the individual and the community. Selection of the direction to be taken in organizing health services is usually based on a mix of factors, including the political view of the government, public opinion, and rational assessment of needs as indicated through epidemiological data, cost-benefit analysis, the experience of "good public health practice" from leading countries, and recommendations by expert groups. Health is a knowledge-based service industry, so that knowledge management and information technology are extremely important parts of the New Public Health, not only in patient care systems in hospitals, but also in public health delivery systems in the community, school, place of work, and home.
      cache = ./cache/cord-333599-hl11ln2r.txt
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         id = cord-346185-qmu1mrmx
     author = Velásquez, Ricardo Manuel Arias
      title = Forecast and evaluation of COVID-19 spreading in USA with Reduced-space Gaussian process regression
       date = 2020-05-22
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 1122
  sentences = 80
     flesch = 58
    summary = title: Forecast and evaluation of COVID-19 spreading in USA with Reduced-space Gaussian process regression In this report, we analyze historical and forecast infections for COVID-19 death based on Reduced-Space Gaussian Process Regression associated to chaotic Dynamical Systems with information obtained in 82 days with continuous learning, day by day, from January 21(th), 2020 to April 12(th). According last results, COVID-19 could be predicted with Gaussian models mean-field models can be meaningfully used to gather a quantitative picture of the epidemic spreading, with infections, fatality and recovery rate. able on the Center for Systems Science and Engineering at Johns Hopkins University [6] , the available data analyzed is considered between January 21 th 2020 and April 39 12 th 2020, included, with a feedback process in a neural network applied; it allows 40 to examined the information in real time in each state, at Fig. 1 • .
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         id = cord-345524-vre54bq9
     author = Groneberg, David A.
      title = Needlestick injuries: a density-equalizing mapping and socioeconomic analysis of the global research
       date = 2020-05-05
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 4163
  sentences = 229
     flesch = 54
    summary = METHODS: We used the New Quality and Quantity Indices in Science platform to analyze global NSI research (n = 2987 articles) over the past 115 years using the Web of Science and parameters such as global versus country-specific research activities, semi-qualitative issues, and socioeconomic figures. We approached this issue by relating NSI research activity to the (1) total economic power index "gross domestic product" (GDP) per billion US-$, (2) GDP per capita, and (3) country population sizes (World Factbook (World Economic Outlook Database 2013)). A similar landscape is present, when the number of NSI publishing institutions/affiliations per country is analyzed (Fig. 2) : The USA is the leading country with i = 739 different affiliations, followed by Great Britain (i = 183), France (i = 148), Italy (i = 129), Germany (i = 110), and Japan (i = 109) (Fig. 3 ). Our approach aimed to visualize global research activities in the field of NSI and related areas of science.
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         id = cord-319884-d8n0aokl
     author = Natesan, Mohan
      title = Protein Microarrays and Biomarkers of Infectious Disease
       date = 2010-12-16
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 7088
  sentences = 359
     flesch = 36
    summary = Fluorescencebased detection of protein interactions is similar to gene array methods, and data analysis often employs approaches previously developed for genome and transcription studies. A standard assay for measuring antibody interactions with proteins of the vaccinia proteome microarray was first developed with a pool of therapeutic human sera collected from vaccinia-immune individuals (VIg) and this data was compared to results obtained from individuals vaccinated against smallpox using Dryvax. Results from this study suggested that antibodies from vaccination recognized a small number of proteins shared with pathogenic viral strains, while recovery from infection also involved humoral immunity to antigens uniquely recognized within the monkeypox virus proteome (unpublished data). For example, a protein array produced from the outer membrane proteins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was constructed [38] to study the immune response in patients, and several antibody-binding antigens were identified by this group as potential diagnostic markers.
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         id = cord-343740-vcys2q2t
     author = Kawachi, Ichiro
      title = COVID-19 and the ‘rediscovery’ of health inequities
       date = 2020-09-24
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 2375
  sentences = 122
     flesch = 53
    summary = The social epidemiology of disaster shows that socio-economically disadvantaged groups are both more likely to be exposed to disaster (because they live in disaster-prone areas or live in structurally unsound houses) and more likely to suffer the consequences of exposure (because they suffer disproportionately from preexisting morbidity, making them vulnerable to problems such as the interruption of services that follow inevitably in the wake of disaster). Compounding the misery of Covid-19 morbidity and mortality, the public health response to the pandemic has come at the cost of a sharp global economic contraction. It may turn out to be the case that lockdowns produce a net health equity gain by saving the lives of the most vulnerable segments of the workforce (especially if adequate social protections are in place to mitigate the consequences of job loss). Global, regional, and national estimates of the population at increased risk of severe COVID-19 due to underlying health conditions in 2020: a modelling study
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         id = cord-350956-ytcwt9qk
     author = Smith, K. M.
      title = Summarizing US Wildlife Trade with an Eye Toward Assessing the Risk of Infectious Disease Introduction
       date = 2017-02-07
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 5504
  sentences = 241
     flesch = 48
    summary = Timber and plants are estimated to comprise nearly 70% of the known (broadly defined) wildlife global trade value, leaving non-aquaculture fisheries products responsible for 28% and ornamental fish, mammals, herpetofauna and other species responsible for roughly 2% (US $5.27 billion) (Engler and Parry-Jones 2007; Ahlenius 2008) . Nearly one-third of all wildlife shipments entering the USA contained live animals, the vast majority of which were imported by the aquatic and pet industry. Over 11 billion specimens and an additional 977 million kilograms of wildlife were imported during the period examined, with one-third of shipments containing live animals, mostly for the aquatic and pet trade. The majority of illegal shipments of live non-aquatic wildlife were confiscated at the Mexican border, especially those containing reptiles and birds imported for the pet trade (Ferrier 2009 ).
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         id = cord-351666-q7dqsl7n
     author = Milani, Fabio
      title = COVID-19 outbreak, social response, and early economic effects: a global VAR analysis of cross-country interdependencies
       date = 2020-08-19
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 9182
  sentences = 548
     flesch = 55
    summary = 2 In my global framework, for each country, COVID-19 cases can affect risk perceptions about the virus, which can trigger a social distancing response. The paper exploits a variety of newly available datasets to study the interrelationship between health shocks originating from the COVID-19 pandemic, people's real-time perceptions about coronavirus risk, the extent of their social distancing response, and unemployment. 7 In the analysis, the number k * i is also equal to 4, as the vector x * i,t contains the country-specific global counterparts for the same variables in x i,t , i.e., the growth rate of COVID-19 cases, coronavirus risk perceptions, social mobility, and unemployment. Figures 4 and 5 show the impulse response functions for all countries in the sample for the risk perception and social distancing variables to a one-standard-deviation COVID shock originating in Italy.
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         id = cord-316430-idjkqcee
     author = Costa, Kauê M.
      title = Short-term scholar visas are essential for science
       date = 2020-10-16
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 894
  sentences = 49
     flesch = 49
    summary = The recent (June 22nd) presidential proclamation suspending short-term work visas, including the H-1B and certain categories of J-1 programs [1] , has created significant distress among the community of visiting scholars in the USA. There are legitimate issues regarding the exploitation of short-term work visas and their recipients that should be addressed specifically, and while J-1 research scholars (the category encompassing most US postdoctoral researchers) are currently exempt from the proclamation, many scientists will still be affected. (3) There is empirical evidence that the impact of research by foreign-born scientists is on average higher than that of locals who have no international mobility experience, even when accounting for differences in relative career positions in their countries of origin [3] . (5) The proclamation causes unnecessary distress not only for the visiting scholar community but also for their American colleagues and group leaders who rely on their work for the continuation of their research, which is only exacerbated by the current disruption imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic.
      cache = ./cache/cord-316430-idjkqcee.txt
       txt  = ./txt/cord-316430-idjkqcee.txt
=== reduce.pl bib ===
         id = cord-347053-m5m4zgfy
     author = Pharo, Elizabeth A.
      title = Host–Pathogen Responses to Pandemic Influenza H1N1pdm09 in a Human Respiratory Airway Model
       date = 2020-06-24
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 9450
  sentences = 554
     flesch = 50
    summary = wdNHBE cells produced an innate immune response to IAV-infection with increased transcription of proand anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and the antiviral viperin but reduced expression of the mucin-encoding MUC5B, which may impair mucociliary clearance. The cytopathic effect of H1N1pdm09 included damage to the airway epithelium, the induction of innate immune responses including the expression of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and antiviral genes and proteins, consistent with pulmonary host defense. Key genes upregulated in our H1N1pdm09 in vitro challenge model, mimic the innate immune and inflammatory response in human patients in vivo infected with the 2009 pandemic IAV. The more than 350-fold induction of the antiviral-encoding RSAD2 (viperin) gene in our pandemic IAV-infected wdNHBE cells confirms the antiviral response of the airway epithelium in vitro. The disruption of the airway epithelium by IAV H1N1pdm09 and poly(I:C), plus the induction of the innate immune response and antiviral, and pro-and anti-inflammatory genes demonstrated the viability of this model to investigate pandemic influenza.
      cache = ./cache/cord-347053-m5m4zgfy.txt
       txt  = ./txt/cord-347053-m5m4zgfy.txt
=== reduce.pl bib ===
         id = cord-257167-rz4r5sj7
     author = nan
      title = Abstracts for the 29th Annual Meeting of the Japan Neuroscience Society (Neuroscience2006)
       date = 2006-12-31
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 240925
  sentences = 13617
     flesch = 47
    summary = SY1-3-11-3 SAD: A novel kinase implicated in phosphoproteome at the presynaptic active zone Toshihisa Ohtsuka Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine/Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan SAD is a serine/threonine kianse, which has been shown to regulate various neuronal functions during development, including clustering synaptic vesicles, maturation of synapses, and axon/dendrite polarization: these have recently been revealed by genetic studies in C. The results suggest that EAAT4 plays a major role in regulating the concentration of CF transmitters, possibly glutamate, in the route of its extrasynaptic diffusion, and determining the degree of CF-induced inhibition of GABA release from BCs depending on the regional difference of EAAT4 expression in postsynaptic PCs. Chitoshi Takayama 1 , Yoshiro Inoue 1 1 Department of Molecular Neuroanatomy, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan GABA mediates inhibitory transmission in the adult central nervous system (CNS).
      cache = ./cache/cord-257167-rz4r5sj7.txt
       txt  = ./txt/cord-257167-rz4r5sj7.txt
=== reduce.pl bib ===
         id = cord-031907-ilhr3iu5
     author = nan
      title = ISEV2020 Abstract Book
       date = 2020-07-15
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 200999
  sentences = 11528
     flesch = 44
    summary = L.M., and the National Institutes of Health (R35GM119623) to T.R.G. The addition of a size exclusion chromatography step to various urinary extracellular vesicle concentrating methods reveals differences in the small RNA profile Introduction: Urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their RNA cargo are a novel source of biomarkers for various diseases, however non-vesicular RNA (e.g. associated with proteins) is also present within urine. We then evaluated efficiency of heart targeting for eAAV9 or eAAV6 and standard AAV9 or AAV6 encoding for EGFP, mCherry or firefly luciferase in different human cell lines in vitro, in black mouse and in passive immunity nude mouse model in vivo using flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, Langendorff perfusion system and Methods: HLHS patients (n = 3) after Glenn procedure and swine (n = 3) after PAB were given RV injections of allogeneic/xenogeneic MSCs. Donor-specific, HLA-I+, exosomes were isolated from plasma.
      cache = ./cache/cord-031907-ilhr3iu5.txt
       txt  = ./txt/cord-031907-ilhr3iu5.txt
=== reduce.pl bib ===
         id = cord-023211-kt5gt26t
     author = nan
      title = Poster Session Abstracts
       date = 2007-08-29
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 221224
  sentences = 11772
     flesch = 52
    summary = Previous studies performed using fluorescence halide efflux measurements and short-circuit current voltage clamp have shown that treatment with PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma) agonists, such as pioglitazone and FLL (FMOC-L-leucine), resulted in an increased biosynthesis and trafficking of ∆F508-CFTR to the cell surface. Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom Recent progress in the development of small molecule correctors and potentiators capable of restoring CFTR function have increased the need for pre-clinical test models including cultured airway epithelial cells from human CF patients as well as CF mouse models. Clinical studies have linked increased sputum and peripheral blood neutrophil MPO activity with increased airflow obstruction in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients of the same age, gender, airway bacterial flora, and CFTR genotype. Because patients expressing low levels of normal CFTR mRNA (5-20%) have mild disease symptoms, these studies demonstrate that the incorporation of the ciliated cell-specific FOXJ1 promoter into gene therapy vectors may be useful for treatment of CF.
      cache = ./cache/cord-023211-kt5gt26t.txt
       txt  = ./txt/cord-023211-kt5gt26t.txt
=== reduce.pl bib ===
         id = cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
     author = nan
      title = Scientific Abstracts
       date = 2008-12-23
      pages = 
  extension = .txt
       mime = text/plain
      words = 242330
  sentences = 15267
     flesch = 52
    summary = Studies involving immunohistochemical analysis of normal ovaries have shown that granulosa cells express significantly higher levels of the activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor, cFos compared to theca cells, where cFos expression is virtually absent. Following acute hypoxia (0.5% O2) for one to six hours, RhoA mRNA, total protein and activation (RhoA-GTP) levels were analysed, using semi-quantitative PCRs and western blot, and compared to normoxic non-pregnant human uterine smooth muscle control cells. Since there is an urgent need for non-invasive methods for determination of fetal (F) and placental (P) function, this study was designed to evaluate the genes differently and commonly expressed in P tissue and leukocytes in maternal (M) and F circulation.Material and Methods. The current study: 1) localized IL-6 mRNA levels in preeclamptic versus normal decidual sections; 2) evaluated mechanisms regulating IL-6 synthesis by targeting intracellular signaling pathways with specific inhibitors; 3) identified potential IL-6 targets by immunolocalizing the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) to specific cell types in placental bed biopsies.
      cache = ./cache/cord-015394-uj7fe5y6.txt
       txt  = ./txt/cord-015394-uj7fe5y6.txt
===== Reducing email addresses
cord-275787-5s442sy2
cord-295661-v3q1spmm
cord-020010-q58x6xb0
cord-034191-qqb2knmo
cord-304492-ntme8w6i
Creating transaction
Updating adr table
===== Reducing keywords
cord-003256-8plv9q8b
cord-000402-unr44dvp
cord-003334-ion97n4b
cord-002757-upwe0cpj
cord-001383-hww0watl
cord-012826-72mz834w
cord-006771-n1w56x2m
cord-003738-el0wyu74
cord-012909-o6t2srim
cord-248932-i1v2lyd2
cord-000698-v9k7vpi8
cord-008764-j9qmw4zy
cord-033974-0rzi7x22
cord-003898-y6zpvw84
cord-281395-qxu41hta
cord-015391-zf3bx8i7
cord-267168-qjktnnn6
cord-280807-0g1uo0rd
cord-273199-xmq502gm
cord-317583-jhulvfev
cord-275787-5s442sy2
cord-275604-5u4kikov
cord-270425-1ughypnx
cord-295445-f4p00yaw
cord-001521-l36f1gp7
cord-290837-8g7zfeb7
cord-273557-t7t8qqkl
cord-297332-rzf0cw1x
cord-257190-iesysf3l
cord-019032-vdiaexbw
cord-309488-8guapzke
cord-009439-wvlczk62
cord-285505-8norumv6
cord-270143-muxrxvyo
cord-305303-82n96ukr
cord-023837-kenstpja
cord-270556-lyrgwxit
cord-293747-ds8rhbkv
cord-292643-n6xp5mlz
cord-282466-r2sjv9ih
cord-292231-vxaqizkj
cord-318282-ocgfgx9r
cord-287647-0nyquokt
cord-025010-3k17eyqx
cord-300904-folzz3nu
cord-007383-5yb3dxse
cord-287807-4aee9wbu
cord-309379-ml75kvl5
cord-308328-wfiqbu3m
cord-034191-qqb2knmo
cord-254874-ug0ler5e
cord-295661-v3q1spmm
cord-258468-52gej3co
cord-271176-wdc4p4bc
cord-013178-li1x1m25
cord-024047-wg7hew1b
cord-035277-napw1pxe
cord-029201-hkq7wti5
cord-035181-l1heb3or
cord-253609-vi2fb43t
cord-020010-q58x6xb0
cord-303165-ikepr2p2
cord-026579-k3w8h961
cord-033146-2v1kuq50
cord-013601-y8pc4qfc
cord-275210-baqaqsli
cord-260653-5qwtvm9x
cord-013325-8lds7nti
cord-305858-gp1u4kh7
cord-007425-l9c1x7tb
cord-001117-llb4f74a
cord-260618-k0y0fz7k
cord-006876-v2m5l5wz
cord-003841-7uaj9hmx
cord-284113-qboon2uv
cord-263453-7v4y02j6
cord-028341-93e30n3n
cord-281713-3iu8qx7n
cord-321346-epsp3bbm
cord-025009-01hsn3us
cord-034165-kf6a8hix
cord-304492-ntme8w6i
cord-018839-yfaji9cv
cord-328865-ekgqdjlk
cord-023442-4vzwc2d2
cord-321800-0h28pg3b
cord-326189-41t2sshy
cord-325484-bd6ba0cp
cord-313821-5f5b107l
cord-272497-ww9o1kjr
cord-262169-5x2oop1g
cord-256888-tdx12ccj
cord-023049-fio7cjj5
cord-342242-cynpob7b
cord-273833-yf8kt84e
cord-336012-8klkojpo
cord-350379-6l55soxu
cord-352824-sbsg39ix
cord-331354-ungzlp6b
cord-345430-yowyy5nr
cord-311214-eqwxkwqa
cord-301745-cuatqy1u
cord-333599-hl11ln2r
cord-319884-d8n0aokl
cord-346185-qmu1mrmx
cord-345524-vre54bq9
cord-343740-vcys2q2t
cord-350956-ytcwt9qk
cord-351666-q7dqsl7n
cord-347053-m5m4zgfy
cord-316430-idjkqcee
cord-257167-rz4r5sj7
cord-023211-kt5gt26t
cord-031907-ilhr3iu5
cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
Creating transaction
Updating wrd table
===== Reducing urls
cord-003256-8plv9q8b
cord-003738-el0wyu74
cord-012909-o6t2srim
cord-003898-y6zpvw84
cord-267168-qjktnnn6
cord-317583-jhulvfev
cord-275787-5s442sy2
cord-273199-xmq502gm
cord-275604-5u4kikov
cord-295445-f4p00yaw
cord-001521-l36f1gp7
cord-290837-8g7zfeb7
cord-019032-vdiaexbw
cord-009439-wvlczk62
cord-270143-muxrxvyo
cord-300904-folzz3nu
cord-292231-vxaqizkj
cord-034191-qqb2knmo
cord-254874-ug0ler5e
cord-035181-l1heb3or
cord-303165-ikepr2p2
cord-026579-k3w8h961
cord-013601-y8pc4qfc
cord-305858-gp1u4kh7
cord-281713-3iu8qx7n
cord-304492-ntme8w6i
cord-313821-5f5b107l
cord-262169-5x2oop1g
cord-336012-8klkojpo
cord-352824-sbsg39ix
cord-331354-ungzlp6b
cord-301745-cuatqy1u
cord-333599-hl11ln2r
cord-345524-vre54bq9
cord-319884-d8n0aokl
cord-350956-ytcwt9qk
cord-347053-m5m4zgfy
cord-351666-q7dqsl7n
cord-257167-rz4r5sj7
cord-031907-ilhr3iu5
Creating transaction
Updating url table
===== Reducing named entities
cord-000402-unr44dvp
cord-003256-8plv9q8b
cord-003334-ion97n4b
cord-001383-hww0watl
cord-012826-72mz834w
cord-248932-i1v2lyd2
cord-002757-upwe0cpj
cord-012909-o6t2srim
cord-003738-el0wyu74
cord-006771-n1w56x2m
cord-008764-j9qmw4zy
cord-000698-v9k7vpi8
cord-015391-zf3bx8i7
cord-003898-y6zpvw84
cord-033974-0rzi7x22
cord-267168-qjktnnn6
cord-281395-qxu41hta
cord-273199-xmq502gm
cord-317583-jhulvfev
cord-275787-5s442sy2
cord-025010-3k17eyqx
cord-007383-5yb3dxse
cord-275604-5u4kikov
cord-295445-f4p00yaw
cord-270425-1ughypnx
cord-290837-8g7zfeb7
cord-273557-t7t8qqkl
cord-297332-rzf0cw1x
cord-019032-vdiaexbw
cord-257190-iesysf3l
cord-285505-8norumv6
cord-309488-8guapzke
cord-009439-wvlczk62
cord-270556-lyrgwxit
cord-305303-82n96ukr
cord-023837-kenstpja
cord-280807-0g1uo0rd
cord-270143-muxrxvyo
cord-293747-ds8rhbkv
cord-282466-r2sjv9ih
cord-292643-n6xp5mlz
cord-318282-ocgfgx9r
cord-292231-vxaqizkj
cord-287647-0nyquokt
cord-287807-4aee9wbu
cord-300904-folzz3nu
cord-309379-ml75kvl5
cord-034191-qqb2knmo
cord-308328-wfiqbu3m
cord-258468-52gej3co
cord-295661-v3q1spmm
cord-271176-wdc4p4bc
cord-254874-ug0ler5e
cord-013178-li1x1m25
cord-001521-l36f1gp7
cord-024047-wg7hew1b
cord-035277-napw1pxe
cord-029201-hkq7wti5
cord-035181-l1heb3or
cord-253609-vi2fb43t
cord-303165-ikepr2p2
cord-033146-2v1kuq50
cord-275210-baqaqsli
cord-026579-k3w8h961
cord-013325-8lds7nti
cord-013601-y8pc4qfc
cord-001117-llb4f74a
cord-305858-gp1u4kh7
cord-260653-5qwtvm9x
cord-020010-q58x6xb0
cord-003841-7uaj9hmx
cord-007425-l9c1x7tb
cord-284113-qboon2uv
cord-260618-k0y0fz7k
cord-263453-7v4y02j6
cord-028341-93e30n3n
cord-281713-3iu8qx7n
cord-006876-v2m5l5wz
cord-321346-epsp3bbm
cord-025009-01hsn3us
cord-304492-ntme8w6i
cord-018839-yfaji9cv
cord-034165-kf6a8hix
cord-328865-ekgqdjlk
cord-326189-41t2sshy
cord-023442-4vzwc2d2
cord-321800-0h28pg3b
cord-325484-bd6ba0cp
cord-313821-5f5b107l
cord-272497-ww9o1kjr
cord-262169-5x2oop1g
cord-256888-tdx12ccj
cord-273833-yf8kt84e
cord-342242-cynpob7b
cord-331354-ungzlp6b
cord-336012-8klkojpo
cord-352824-sbsg39ix
cord-350379-6l55soxu
cord-345430-yowyy5nr
cord-311214-eqwxkwqa
cord-301745-cuatqy1u
cord-346185-qmu1mrmx
cord-333599-hl11ln2r
cord-345524-vre54bq9
cord-343740-vcys2q2t
cord-319884-d8n0aokl
cord-350956-ytcwt9qk
cord-316430-idjkqcee
cord-351666-q7dqsl7n
cord-347053-m5m4zgfy
cord-023049-fio7cjj5
cord-031907-ilhr3iu5
cord-257167-rz4r5sj7
cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
cord-023211-kt5gt26t
Creating transaction
Updating ent table
===== Reducing parts of speech
cord-003256-8plv9q8b
cord-000402-unr44dvp
cord-002757-upwe0cpj
cord-003334-ion97n4b
cord-001383-hww0watl
cord-012826-72mz834w
cord-006771-n1w56x2m
cord-003738-el0wyu74
cord-012909-o6t2srim
cord-008764-j9qmw4zy
cord-015391-zf3bx8i7
cord-248932-i1v2lyd2
cord-000698-v9k7vpi8
cord-033974-0rzi7x22
cord-003898-y6zpvw84
cord-267168-qjktnnn6
cord-281395-qxu41hta
cord-273199-xmq502gm
cord-280807-0g1uo0rd
cord-275787-5s442sy2
cord-025010-3k17eyqx
cord-007383-5yb3dxse
cord-275604-5u4kikov
cord-290837-8g7zfeb7
cord-270425-1ughypnx
cord-273557-t7t8qqkl
cord-297332-rzf0cw1x
cord-257190-iesysf3l
cord-019032-vdiaexbw
cord-309488-8guapzke
cord-285505-8norumv6
cord-009439-wvlczk62
cord-270556-lyrgwxit
cord-317583-jhulvfev
cord-023837-kenstpja
cord-305303-82n96ukr
cord-270143-muxrxvyo
parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 95.
parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help.
cord-293747-ds8rhbkv
cord-292643-n6xp5mlz
cord-318282-ocgfgx9r
cord-292231-vxaqizkj
cord-282466-r2sjv9ih
cord-300904-folzz3nu
parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 94.
parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help.
cord-001521-l36f1gp7
cord-287647-0nyquokt
cord-295445-f4p00yaw
cord-287807-4aee9wbu
cord-034191-qqb2knmo
cord-309379-ml75kvl5
cord-258468-52gej3co
cord-308328-wfiqbu3m
parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 93.
parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help.
cord-254874-ug0ler5e
cord-271176-wdc4p4bc
cord-295661-v3q1spmm
cord-013178-li1x1m25
cord-024047-wg7hew1b
cord-035277-napw1pxe
cord-029201-hkq7wti5
cord-253609-vi2fb43t
cord-035181-l1heb3or
cord-020010-q58x6xb0
cord-303165-ikepr2p2
cord-026579-k3w8h961
cord-033146-2v1kuq50
cord-275210-baqaqsli
cord-013601-y8pc4qfc
cord-305858-gp1u4kh7
cord-013325-8lds7nti
cord-260653-5qwtvm9x
cord-001117-llb4f74a
cord-007425-l9c1x7tb
cord-003841-7uaj9hmx
cord-284113-qboon2uv
cord-260618-k0y0fz7k
cord-263453-7v4y02j6
cord-028341-93e30n3n
cord-281713-3iu8qx7n
cord-025009-01hsn3us
cord-321346-epsp3bbm
cord-006876-v2m5l5wz
cord-034165-kf6a8hix
cord-304492-ntme8w6i
cord-018839-yfaji9cv
parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 92.
parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help.
cord-328865-ekgqdjlk
cord-321800-0h28pg3b
cord-326189-41t2sshy
cord-023442-4vzwc2d2
cord-325484-bd6ba0cp
cord-272497-ww9o1kjr
cord-262169-5x2oop1g
cord-313821-5f5b107l
cord-256888-tdx12ccj
cord-273833-yf8kt84e
cord-342242-cynpob7b
cord-336012-8klkojpo
cord-345430-yowyy5nr
cord-331354-ungzlp6b
cord-311214-eqwxkwqa
cord-352824-sbsg39ix
cord-350379-6l55soxu
cord-301745-cuatqy1u
cord-345524-vre54bq9
cord-346185-qmu1mrmx
cord-319884-d8n0aokl
cord-343740-vcys2q2t
cord-316430-idjkqcee
cord-333599-hl11ln2r
cord-351666-q7dqsl7n
cord-350956-ytcwt9qk
cord-347053-m5m4zgfy
cord-023049-fio7cjj5
cord-031907-ilhr3iu5
cord-023211-kt5gt26t
cord-257167-rz4r5sj7
cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
Creating transaction
Updating pos table
Building ./etc/reader.txt
/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/plot-sizes.sh: fork: retry: No child processes
cord-023211-kt5gt26t
cord-006876-v2m5l5wz
cord-031907-ilhr3iu5
cord-031907-ilhr3iu5
cord-303165-ikepr2p2
cord-001521-l36f1gp7
                number of items: 115
                   sum of words: 2,005,168
          average size in words: 19,467
      average readability score: 50

                          nouns: cells; patients; cell; results; study; virus; expression; protein; data; influenza; analysis; evs; treatment; disease; mice; time; infection; health; activity; levels; methods; studies; response; viruses; age; control; number; gene; system; neurons; role; model; effect; proteins; group; samples; cases; countries; effects; years; function; days; research; blood; type; brain; population; production; changes; development
                          verbs: used; show; increased; included; compared; suggested; associated; induced; identified; followed; found; based; developing; determine; performed; reported; observed; expressed; reduced; demonstrating; provide; treat; measure; caused; detected; indicating; derived; related; isolated; contained; assessed; resulted; investigated; examined; obtaining; evaluate; leading; required; reveals; involved; decreased; known; tested; confirmed; affect; described; collected; infecting; supporting; improving
                     adjectives: human; different; high; specific; clinical; significant; non; viral; higher; new; first; anti; important; positive; normal; similar; low; present; total; early; respiratory; small; many; lower; primary; fetal; single; severe; inflammatory; several; extracellular; immune; social; novel; potential; large; dependent; functional; public; multiple; acute; molecular; major; various; mean; available; common; chronic; neuronal; global
                        adverbs: also; however; significantly; well; respectively; previously; therefore; highly; even; recently; furthermore; often; currently; still; especially; prior; moreover; now; directly; first; approximately; together; less; specifically; particularly; mainly; later; alone; finally; interestingly; potentially; least; similarly; relatively; much; rather; yet; additionally; commonly; clinically; generally; subsequently; widely; rapidly; statistically; frequently; strongly; fully; far; almost
                       pronouns: we; it; our; their; its; they; i; them; he; his; us; she; her; itself; you; one; my; themselves; your; me; him; ourselves; mrs; iicas; yourself; il-4rα; igg4; imagej; pbp; nr-818; mrnas; igfbp2; i-; himself; bl21-codonplus(de3)-ripl; ncs-4; herself; he16; egfp; ecovs; ␤; ≥200; ™; α−1; α1-pdx; und; uhfus; thier; thee; t202
                   proper nouns: USA; ⁄; Japan; CF; University; CFTR; China; C; RNA; PCR; Department; H1N1; M; EV; A; US; Institute; SARS; Health; Tokyo; Fig; Univ; T; Summary; National; HA; Research; RT; Medical; School; COVID-19; S; Center; Medicine; H5N1; B; CIDP; ELISA; mg; mRNA; II; HIV; NA; Science; GBS; New; UK; ±; Hospital; WT
                       keywords: usa; cell; covid-19; rna; china; sars; dna; patient; virus; university; study; research; pcr; result; protein; medical; infection; hiv; health; institute; hospital; europe; elisa; disease; country; cns; chinese; center; system; social; school; response; nih; national; method; medicine; kong; japan; january; italy; hong; hcv; die; department; conclusion; chapter; cdc; care; wnv; western

       one topic; one dimension: cells
                        file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3124712/
                      titles(s): Gene Expression Profile during Chondrogenesis in Human Bone Marrow derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells using a cDNA Microarray

    three topics; one dimension: cells; patients; japan
                        file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7104449/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124077/, https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S016801020600085X
                      titles(s): Scientific Abstracts | China | Abstracts for the 29th Annual Meeting of the Japan Neuroscience Society (Neuroscience2006)

  five topics; three dimensions: cells expression cell; evs cells patients; virus influenza viruses; cftr patients china; health public usa
                        file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7104449/, https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S016801020600085X, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4313891/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7332766/, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124157668000021
                      titles(s): Scientific Abstracts | Abstracts for the 29th Annual Meeting of the Japan Neuroscience Society (Neuroscience2006) | Oral and Poster Manuscripts | China und die Wirtschaft: Der Riese erwacht nicht, er ist längst auf der Überholspur | Expanding the Concept of Public Health

      Type: cord
     title: keyword-usa-cord
      date: 2021-05-25
      time: 17:08
  username: emorgan
    patron: Eric Morgan
     email: emorgan@nd.edu
     input: keywords:usa
==== make-pages.sh htm files
==== make-pages.sh complex files
==== make-pages.sh named enities
==== making bibliographics
         id: cord-272497-ww9o1kjr
     author: Al-Anzi, Bader S.
      title: An Overview of the World Current and Future Assessment of Novel COVID-19 Trajectory, Impact, and Potential Preventive Strategies at Healthcare Settings
       date: 2020-09-25
      words: 8892.0
  sentences: 396.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 58.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-272497-ww9o1kjr.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-272497-ww9o1kjr.txt
    summary: The current study aims to assess the trajectory of the recent pandemic due to the COVID-19 outbreak utilizing a new splitting methodology of the selected countries into two groups and developing regression-based and SIR-based statistical models and tools that depict the actual recorded data of COVID-19. Figure 1 was generated to show the recorded daily total infected cases of the world over a certain timeframe (22 January 2020 until present), which shows that the COVID-19 disease started to increase slowly until about 11 March and then accelerated at a faster speed afterwards. Figure 1 was generated to show the recorded daily total infected cases of the world over a certain timeframe (22 January 2020 until present), which shows that the COVID-19 disease started to increase slowly until about 11 March and then accelerated at a faster speed afterwards.
   abstract: This study is an overview of the current and future trajectory, as well as the impact of the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) in the world and selected countries including the state of Kuwait. The selected countries were divided into two groups: Group A (China, Switzerland, and Ireland) and Group B (USA, Brazil, and India) based on their outbreak containment of this virus. Then, the actual data for each country were fitted to a regression model utilizing the excel solver software to assess the current and future trajectory of novel COVID-19 and its impact. In addition, the data were fitted using the Susceptible–Infected–Recovered (SIR) Model. The Group A trajectory showed an “S” shape trend that suited a logistic function with r(2) > 0.97, which is an indication of the outbreak control. The SIR models for the countries in this group showed that they passed the expected 99% end of pandemic dates. Group B, however, exhibited a continuous increase of the total COVID-19 new cases, that best suited an exponential growth model with r(2) > 0.97, which meant that the outbreak is still uncontrolled. The SIR models for the countries in this group showed that they are still relatively far away from reaching the expected 97% end of pandemic dates. The maximum death percentage varied from 3.3% (India) to 7.2% with USA recording the highest death percentage, which is virtually equal to the maximum death percentage of the world (7.3%). The power of the exponential model determines the severity of the country’s trajectory that ranged from 11 to 19 with the USA and Brazil having the highest values. The maximum impact of this COVID-19 pandemic occurred during the uncontrolled stage (2), which mainly depended on the deceptive stage (1). Further, some novel potential containment strategies are discussed. Results from both models showed that the Group A countries contained the outbreak, whereas the Group B countries still have not reached this stage yet. Early measures and containment strategies are imperative in suppressing the spread of COVID-19.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32992809/
        doi: 10.3390/ijerph17197016

         id: cord-034191-qqb2knmo
     author: Alayi, Tchilabalo D.
      title: Tandem Mass Tag-Based Serum Proteome Profiling for Biomarker Discovery in Young Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Boys
       date: 2020-10-06
      words: 8942.0
  sentences: 439.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 48.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-034191-qqb2knmo.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-034191-qqb2knmo.txt
    summary: In this study, we sought to optimize and standardize a serum processing workflow in combination with tandem mass tag (TMT) multiplexing strategy to systematically survey the serum proteome of young untreated DMD boys and agematched healthy controls and identify biomarkers associated in the early stages of the disease. Serum samples from 4 year-old glucocorticoid naive DMD patients (n = 9) and age-matched healthy controls (n = 9) were processed for proteome profiling using our standardized multiplexing TMT-based mass spectrometry method described above. As expected, a large number of identified biomarkers (50%) that were found to be elevated in sera of these young DMD boys relative to the healthy controls were of muscle origin based on Gene Ontology molecular function annotations ( Figure S2 ) and information collected using Mass Spectrometry Data Analysis tools.
   abstract: [Image: see text] Blood-accessible molecular biomarkers are becoming highly attractive tools to assess disease progression and response to therapies in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) especially in very young patients for whom other outcome measures remain subjective and challenging. In this study, we have standardized a highly specific and reproducible multiplexing mass spectrometry method using the tandem mass tag (TMT) strategy in combination with depletion of abundant proteins from serum and high-pH reversed-phase peptide fractionation. Differential proteome profiling of 4 year-old DMD boys (n = 9) and age-matched healthy controls (n = 9) identified 38 elevated and 50 decreased serum proteins (adjusted P < 0.05, FDR <0.05) in the DMD group relative to the healthy control group. As expected, we confirmed previously reported biomarkers but also identified novel biomarkers. These included novel muscle injury-associated biomarkers such as telethonin, smoothelin-like protein 1, cofilin-1, and plectin, additional muscle-specific enzymes such as UTP–glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, pyruvate kinase PKM, lactotransferrin, tissue alpha-l-fucosidase, pantetheinase, and ficolin-1, and some pro-inflammatory and cell adhesion-associated biomarkers such as leukosialin, macrophage receptor MARCO, vitronectin, galectin-3-binding protein, and ProSAAS. The workflow including serum depletion, sample processing, and mass spectrometry analysis was found to be reproducible and stable over time with CV < 20%. Furthermore, the method was found to be superior in terms of specificity compared to other multiplexing affinity-based methods. These findings demonstrate the specificity and reliability of TMT-based mass spectrometry methods in detection and identification of serum biomarkers in presymptomatic young DMD patients.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7581259/
        doi: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03206

         id: cord-262169-5x2oop1g
     author: Alola, Andrew Adewale
      title: The nCOVID-19 and financial stress in the USA: health is wealth
       date: 2020-10-08
      words: 3186.0
  sentences: 155.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 51.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-262169-5x2oop1g.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-262169-5x2oop1g.txt
    summary: By employing the empirical Markov switching regression approach and the compliments of cointegration techniques, the study establishes a two-state (stable and distressing) financial stress situation resulting from the effects of COVID-19 daily deaths, COVID-19 daily recovery, and the USA'' economic policy uncertainty. Giving that only a sparse study such as Nicola et al (2020) has explored the economic aspects of COVID-19, the novelty of the current study is expected to close the existing gap in the literature through the following approaches: (i) the examining of the impact of daily deaths from COVID-19, daily recoveries from COVID-19, and economic uncertainty on financial stress, (ii) illustrating with empirical evidence of the states of financial stress with the regime switching approach of Markov-Switch regression technique, and (iii) the use of daily frequency and quite up-to-date data spanning the period 25 February 2020-30 March 2020.
   abstract: Since its first report in the USA on 13 January 2020, the novel coronavirus (nCOVID-19) pandemic like in other previous epicentres in India, Brazil, China, Italy, Spain, UK, and France has until now hampered economic activities and financial markets. To offer one of the first empirical insights into the economic/financial effect of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in the USA, this study utilized the daily frequency data for the period 25 February 2020–30 March 2020. By employing the empirical Markov switching regression approach and the compliments of cointegration techniques, the study establishes a two-state (stable and distressing) financial stress situation resulting from the effects of COVID-19 daily deaths, COVID-19 daily recovery, and the USA’ economic policy uncertainty. From the result, it is assertive that daily recovery from COVID-19 eases financial stress, while the reported daily deaths from COVID-19 further hamper financial stress in the country. Moreover, the uncertainty of the USA’ economic policy has also cost the Americans more financial stress and other socio-economic challenges. While the cure for COVID-19 remains elusive, as a policy instrument, the USA and similar countries with high severity of COVID-19 causalities may intensify and sustain the concerted efforts targeted at attaining a landmark recovery rate.
        url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-01029-w
        doi: 10.1007/s10668-020-01029-w

         id: cord-328865-ekgqdjlk
     author: Anand, Shuchi
      title: Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in a large nationwide sample of patients on dialysis in the USA: a cross-sectional study
       date: 2020-09-25
      words: 5647.0
  sentences: 279.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 45.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-328865-ekgqdjlk.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-328865-ekgqdjlk.txt
    summary: METHODS: For this cross-sectional study, in partnership with a central laboratory that receives samples from approximately 1300 dialysis facilities across the USA, we tested the remainder plasma of 28 503 randomly selected adult patients receiving dialysis in July, 2020, using a spike protein receptor binding domain total antibody chemiluminescence assay (100% sensitivity, 99·8% specificity). 12 Testing remainder plasma from monthly samples obtained for routine care of patients on dialysis for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies therefore represents a practical approach to a population-representative surveillance strat egy, 13 informing risks faced by a susceptible population while ensuring representation from racial and ethnic minorities. In our analysis of seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding antibodies from a nationwide representative sample of patients receiving dialysis, we find that despite the USA contemporaneously leading the world in the numbers of diagnosed cases, overall, fewer than 10% of US adults had evidence of seroconversion in July, 2020.
   abstract: BACKGROUND: Many patients receiving dialysis in the USA share the socioeconomic characteristics of underserved communities, and undergo routine monthly laboratory testing, facilitating a practical, unbiased, and repeatable assessment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroprevalence. METHODS: For this cross-sectional study, in partnership with a central laboratory that receives samples from approximately 1300 dialysis facilities across the USA, we tested the remainder plasma of 28 503 randomly selected adult patients receiving dialysis in July, 2020, using a spike protein receptor binding domain total antibody chemiluminescence assay (100% sensitivity, 99·8% specificity). We extracted data on age, sex, race and ethnicity, and residence and facility ZIP codes from the anonymised electronic health records, linking patient-level residence data with cumulative and daily cases and deaths per 100 000 population and with nasal swab test positivity rates. We standardised prevalence estimates according to the overall US dialysis and adult population, and present estimates for four prespecified strata (age, sex, region, and race and ethnicity). FINDINGS: The sampled population had similar age, sex, and race and ethnicity distribution to the US dialysis population, with a higher proportion of older people, men, and people living in majority Black and Hispanic neighbourhoods than in the US adult population. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 was 8·0% (95% CI 7·7–8·4) in the sample, 8·3% (8·0–8·6) when standardised to the US dialysis population, and 9·3% (8·8–9·9) when standardised to the US adult population. When standardised to the US dialysis population, seroprevalence ranged from 3·5% (3·1–3·9) in the west to 27·2% (25·9–28·5) in the northeast. Comparing seroprevalent and case counts per 100 000 population, we found that 9·2% (8·7–9·8) of seropositive patients were diagnosed. When compared with other measures of SARS-CoV-2 spread, seroprevalence correlated best with deaths per 100 000 population (Spearman's ρ=0·77). Residents of non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic neighbourhoods experienced higher odds of seropositivity (odds ratio 3·9 [95% CI 3·4–4·6] and 2·3 [1·9–2·6], respectively) compared with residents of predominantly non-Hispanic white neighbourhoods. Residents of neighbourhoods in the highest population density quintile experienced increased odds of seropositivity (10·3 [8·7–12·2]) compared with residents of the lowest density quintile. County mobility restrictions that reduced workplace visits by at least 5% in early March, 2020, were associated with lower odds of seropositivity in July, 2020 (0·4 [0·3–0·5]) when compared with a reduction of less than 5%. INTERPRETATION: During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, fewer than 10% of the US adult population formed antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, and fewer than 10% of those with antibodies were diagnosed. Public health efforts to limit SARS-CoV-2 spread need to especially target racial and ethnic minority and densely populated communities. FUNDING: Ascend Clinical Laboratories.
        url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0140673620320092
        doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32009-2

         id: cord-282466-r2sjv9ih
     author: Antas, Marta
      title: Current Status of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea (PED) in European Pigs
       date: 2019-10-24
      words: 3322.0
  sentences: 175.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 53.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-282466-r2sjv9ih.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-282466-r2sjv9ih.txt
    summary: Porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED) is a highly contagious and devastating enteric disease of pigs caused by porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV), an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Alphacoronavirus genus of the Coronaviridae family. Heavy economic losses in the pig-farming industry were sustained in the USA between 2013 and 2015 when PEDV spread very quickly and resulted in epidemics. The purpose of this review is a description of the current status of porcine epidemic diarrhoea in European pigs and the risk presented by the introduction of PEDV to Poland in comparison to the epidemics in the USA. Pathogenesis comparison between the United States porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus prototype and S-INDEL-variant strains in conventional neonatal piglets Isolation and characterization of porcine epidemic diarrhea viruses associated with the 2013 disease outbreak among swine in the United States Characterizing the rapid spread of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) through an animal food manufacturing facility
   abstract: Porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED) is a highly contagious and devastating enteric disease of pigs caused by porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV), an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Alphacoronavirus genus of the Coronaviridae family. The disease is clinically similar to other forms of porcine gastroenteritis. Pigs are the only known host of the disease, and the occurrence of PED in wild boars is unknown. The virus causes acute diarrhoea, vomiting, dehydration, and high mortality in suckling piglets reaching 100%. Heavy economic losses in the pig-farming industry were sustained in the USA between 2013 and 2015 when PEDV spread very quickly and resulted in epidemics. The loss in the US pig industry has been estimated at almost seven million pigs. The purpose of this review is a description of the current status of porcine epidemic diarrhoea in European pigs and the risk presented by the introduction of PEDV to Poland in comparison to the epidemics in the USA.
        url: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2019-0064
        doi: 10.2478/jvetres-2019-0064

         id: cord-345430-yowyy5nr
     author: Balzano, Francesca
      title: Behavioral Changes in Stem-Cell Potency by HepG2-Exhausted Medium
       date: 2020-08-12
      words: 5469.0
  sentences: 310.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 52.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-345430-yowyy5nr.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-345430-yowyy5nr.txt
    summary: Moreover, we observed a downregulation of DNMT1, and a simultaneous overexpression of Oct-4 and c-Myc. These findings suggest that WJ-MSCs are more likely to retain a stem phenotype and sometimes to switch to a highly undifferentiable proliferative-like behavior if treated with medium exhausted by human HepG2 cell lines. Here, we investigated the relative expression levels of the c-Myc, Oct-4, DNMT1, NANOG, SIRT1, p53, SOX2, GAPDH, p21waf1, p19, p16, and TERT genes in WJ-MSCs before and after treatment with HepG2-exhausted medium. Our results showed a path in which WJ-MSCs exposed to medium exhausted by HepG2 cells exhibited an increase in the expression levels of c-Myc, SIRT1, and GAPDH, and a simultaneous decrease in p53 and p21 gene expression ( Figure 2 ). Here, we highlight that p21 downregulation in treated WJ-MSCs (as compared to untreated controls) is related to an increase in cell proliferation, further implied by the greater expression of the stemness gene c-Myc, able itself to inhibit p21 [62, 63] .
   abstract: Wharton jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) are able to differentiate into different cell lineages upon stimulation. This ability is closely related to the perfect balance between the pluripotency-related genes, which control stem-cell proliferation, and genes able to orchestrate the appearance of a specific phenotype. Here we studied the expression of stemness-related genes, epigenetic regulators (DNMT1, SIRT1), miRNAs (miR-145, miR-148, and miR-185) related to stemness, exosomes, the cell-cycle regulators p21 (WAF1/CIP1) and p53, and the senescence-associated genes (p16, p19, and hTERT). Cells were cultured in the presence or absence of the human hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2-exhausted medium, to evaluate changes in stemness, differentiation capability, and senescence sensibility. Our results showed the overexpression of SIRT1 and reduced levels of p21 mRNA. Moreover, we observed a downregulation of DNMT1, and a simultaneous overexpression of Oct-4 and c-Myc. These findings suggest that WJ-MSCs are more likely to retain a stem phenotype and sometimes to switch to a highly undifferentiable proliferative-like behavior if treated with medium exhausted by human HepG2 cell lines.
        url: https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9081890
        doi: 10.3390/cells9081890

         id: cord-275787-5s442sy2
     author: Banerjee, Arinjay
      title: Generation and Characterization of Eptesicus fuscus (Big brown bat) kidney cell lines immortalized using the Myotis polyomavirus large T-antigen
       date: 2016-09-14
      words: 5817.0
  sentences: 347.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 57.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-275787-5s442sy2.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-275787-5s442sy2.txt
    summary: title: Generation and Characterization of Eptesicus fuscus (Big brown bat) kidney cell lines immortalized using the Myotis polyomavirus large T-antigen Here we describe a method to establish and immortalize big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus) kidney (Efk3) cells using the Myotis polyomavirus T-antigen. Cell clones expressed interferon beta in response to poly(I:C) stimulation and supported the replication of four different viruses, namely, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), porcine epidemic diarrhea coronavirus (PED-CoV), Middle-East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV). The parental cell line and clones were capable of expressing IFN beta and supported the replication of viruses such as vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV; family Rhabdoviridae, genus Vesiculovirus), herpes simplex virus (HSV; family Herpesviridae, subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, genus Herpesvirus), PED-CoV and MERS-CoV. Bat kidney cells were immortalized by using ViaFect (Promega, USA) to transfect cells with either 2.5 g of pcDNA3 (Invitrogen, USA) empty vector or plasmids expressing either SV40 large T-antigen (SV40Tag) or Myotis polyomavirus large T-antigen (MyPVTag).
   abstract: It is speculated that bats are important reservoir hosts for numerous viruses, with 27 viral families reportedly detected in bats. Majority of these viruses have not been isolated and there is little information regarding their biology in bats. Establishing a well-characterized bat cell line supporting the replication of bat-borne viruses would facilitate the analysis of virus-host interactions in an in vitro model. Currently, few bat cell lines have been developed and only Tb1-Lu, derived from Tadarida brasiliensis is commercially available. Here we describe a method to establish and immortalize big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus) kidney (Efk3) cells using the Myotis polyomavirus T-antigen. Subclones of this cell line expressed both epithelial and fibroblast markers to varying extents. Cell clones expressed interferon beta in response to poly(I:C) stimulation and supported the replication of four different viruses, namely, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), porcine epidemic diarrhea coronavirus (PED-CoV), Middle-East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV). To our knowledge, this is the first bat cell line from a northern latitude insectivorous bat developed using a novel technology. The cell line has the potential to be used for isolation of bat viruses and for studying virus-bat interactions in culture.
        url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166093416302440
        doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2016.09.008

         id: cord-260618-k0y0fz7k
     author: Belli, Simone
      title: Coronavirus mapping in scientific publications: When science advances rapidly and collectively, is access to this knowledge open to society?
       date: 2020-07-01
      words: 9640.0
  sentences: 417.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 51.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-260618-k0y0fz7k.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-260618-k0y0fz7k.txt
    summary: Our main objectives are to identify the most productive countries in coronavirus publications, to analyse the international scientific collaboration on this topic, and to study the proportion and typology of open accessibility to these publications. (2004) , and collected 256 articles indexed in the Science Citation Index (SCI) in the period March-July 2003, analyzing traditional indicators (authorship, collaboration, journals, language, document type, organization, times cited, etc.). We offer a general search in all databases available at Web of Science (WoS) platform and a deeper bibliometric analysis of recent coronavirus scientific publications indexed in its Core Collection. For the 2001-2020 period (Table 1) , the value of the TLS in proportion to the number of documents provided is especially low in countries such as Japan, South Korea, Taiwan or Brazil, with 0.46, 0.35, 0.28 and 0.38 links per document and 35.87%, 25.81%, 19.89% and 31.79% of documents resulted from international collaboration respectively.
   abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is creating a global health emergency. Mapping this health emergency in scientific publications demands multiple approaches to obtain a picture as complete as possible. To progress in the knowledge of this pandemic and to control its effects, international collaborations between researchers are essentials, as well as having open and immediate access to scientific publications, what we called “coopetition”. Our main objectives are to identify the most productive countries in coronavirus publications, to analyse the international scientific collaboration on this topic, and to study the proportion and typology of open accessibility to these publications. We have analyzed 18,875 articles indexed in Web of Science. We performed the descriptive statistical analysis in order to explore the performance of the more prolific countries and organizations, as well as paying attention to the last 2 years. Registers have been analyzed separately via the VOSviewer software, drawing a network of links among countries and organizations to identify the starred countries and organizations, and the strongest links of the net. We have explored the capacity of researchers to generate scientific knowledge about a health crisis emergency, and their global capacity to collaborate among them in a global emergency. We consider that science is moving rapidly to find solutions to international health problems but access to this knowledge by society is not so quick due to several limitations (open access policies, corporate interests, etc.). We have observed that papers from China in the last 3 months (from January 2020 to March 2020) have a strong impact compared with papers published in years before. The United States and China are the major producers of documents of our sample, followed by all European countries, especially the United Kingdom, Germany, the Netherlands, and France. At the same time, the leading role of Saudi Arabia, Canada or South Korea should be noted, with a significant number of documents submitted but very different dynamics of international collaboration. The proportion of international collaboration is growing in all countries in 2019–2020, which contrasts with the situation of the last two decades. The organizations providing the most documents to the sample are mostly Chinese. The percentage of open access articles on coronavirus for the period 2001–2020 is 59.2% but if we focus in 2020 the figures increase up to 91.4%, due to the commitment of commercial publishers with the emergency.
        url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03590-7
        doi: 10.1007/s11192-020-03590-7

         id: cord-317583-jhulvfev
     author: Blanchflower, David G.
      title: Is happiness U-shaped everywhere? Age and subjective well-being in 145 countries
       date: 2020-09-09
      words: 12032.0
  sentences: 709.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 69.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-317583-jhulvfev.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-317583-jhulvfev.txt
    summary: Blanchflower and Oswald (2008a) find a U-shape for 39 developing countries in World Values Survey sweeps 1-4 4 that averages out at a minimum around age 43 when including control variables. I then turn to examining data for the UK and 36 European countries and find there is evidence of a U-shape whether controls are included or not, with very little difference in the age minima. Blanchflower and Graham examined the same data Ingelhardt used and estimated a series of happiness equations and found there were U-shapes in age with controls in all the countries and variables Ingelhardt examined. Fourteen of those countries have significant and well-defined U-shapes in age and they are not available in any of the other data files, so in Table 14 we report results for these developing countries using the Q1 question above for Cantril''s life satisfaction ladder measure.
   abstract: A large empirical literature has debated the existence of a U-shaped happiness-age curve. This paper re-examines the relationship between various measures of well-being and age in 145 countries, including 109 developing countries, controlling for education and marital and labor force status, among others, on samples of individuals under the age of 70. The U-shape of the curve is forcefully confirmed, with an age minimum, or nadir, in midlife around age 50 in separate analyses for developing and advanced countries as well as for the continent of Africa. The happiness curve seems to be everywhere. While panel data are largely unavailable for this issue, and the findings using such data largely confirm the cross-section results, the paper discusses insights on why cohort effects do not drive the findings. I find the age of the minima has risen over time in Europe and the USA.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32929308/
        doi: 10.1007/s00148-020-00797-z

         id: cord-273557-t7t8qqkl
     author: Boumans, Dorine
      title: Expected effects of the US tax reform on other countries: global and local survey evidence
       date: 2020-08-11
      words: 6831.0
  sentences: 382.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 57.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-273557-t7t8qqkl.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-273557-t7t8qqkl.txt
    summary: Against this background, this paper gathers survey evidence to shed light on the reform''s potential international effects on investment, trade and tax revenues. As Germany is among the world''s most export intensive economies (Statista 2020) and among the largest providers of US inbound FDI (Jackson 2017) , information on German firm responses is instructive for assessing the tax reform''s international effects. Our global survey results suggest a negative impact on tax revenues and investment in countries with close economic ties to the USA. The first ifo business survey (Panel A) focuses on the impact of the US tax reform on the tax burden of German firms, on their investment choices and on trade with the USA. These unique data sources offer the possibility to analyze the expected impact of the US tax reform on German businesses and to contrast these findings with other countries based on economic expert knowledge.
   abstract: The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act constitutes the largest change to the US tax system since the 1980s and thoroughly alters the way in which multinational companies are taxed. Current assessments on the reform’s international impact vary widely. This article sheds light on the tax reform’s expected effects on other countries. We first use representative German business survey data to analyze the impact of the reform on German firms. Many firms with substantial US revenues or capacities in the USA intend to expand US investment in response to the reform, in particular large firms and manufacturing companies. The effects on investment in Germany are ambiguous: While some firms substitute between investment locations, others expand in both countries. We subsequently extend our analysis to a global level using worldwide survey data. The results suggest a negative impact on tax revenues and investment in countries with close economic ties to the USA.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836881/
        doi: 10.1007/s10797-020-09618-1

         id: cord-292231-vxaqizkj
     author: Bouquet, Jerome
      title: Microbial burden and viral exacerbations in a longitudinal multicenter COPD cohort
       date: 2020-03-30
      words: 5746.0
  sentences: 318.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 34.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-292231-vxaqizkj.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-292231-vxaqizkj.txt
    summary: We performed nucleic acid detection for 20 respiratory viruses and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing to evaluate the bacterial microbiota in 1179 sputum samples collected at stable, acute exacerbation and follow-up visits. The odds ratio of an acute exacerbation event and frequent exacerbations (≥2 events/ year) was calculated for demographic and clinical data, viral infections and abundance of certain bacterial taxa in the lung microbiota (Fig. 3 ). Microbiota variability in seemingly stable disease state were associated with higher exacerbation frequency and frequent viral infections (Fig. 4b) . Samples with high relative abundance of Streptococcus/Rothia (biotype 2) were found in greater proportion in USA patients, which was associated with longer history of COPD and less frequent detection of viruses at stable visits (Fig. 6a) . Streptococcus and Haemophilus were found in a majority of USA samples, and associated with longer COPD duration, higher exacerbation frequency, antibiotics and corticosteroid use, but did not significantly correlate with higher viral infections (Fig. 6b) .
   abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by frequent exacerbation phenotypes independent of disease stage. Increasing evidence shows that the microbiota plays a role in disease progression and severity, but long-term and international multicenter assessment of the variations in viral and bacterial communities as drivers of exacerbations are lacking. METHODS: Two-hundred severe COPD patients from Europe and North America were followed longitudinally for 3 years. We performed nucleic acid detection for 20 respiratory viruses and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing to evaluate the bacterial microbiota in 1179 sputum samples collected at stable, acute exacerbation and follow-up visits. RESULTS: Similar viral and bacterial taxa were found in patients from the USA compared to Bulgaria and Czech Republic but their microbiome diversity was significantly different (P < 0.001) and did not impact exacerbation rates. Virus infection was strongly associated with exacerbation events (P < 5E-20). Human rhinovirus (13.1%), coronavirus (5.1%) and influenza virus (3.6%) constitute the top viral pathogens in triggering exacerbation. Moraxella and Haemophilus were 5-fold and 1.6-fold more likely to be the dominating microbiota during an exacerbation event. Presence of Proteobacteria such as Pseudomonas or Staphylococcus amongst others, were associated with exacerbation events (OR > 0.17; P < 0.02) but more strongly associated with exacerbation frequency (OR > 0.39; P < 4E-10), as confirmed by longitudinal variations and biotyping of the bacterial microbiota, and suggesting a role of the microbiota in sensitizing the lung. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights bacterial taxa in lung sensitization and viral triggers in COPD exacerbations. It provides a global overview of the diverse targets for drug development and explores new microbiome analysis methods to guide future patient management applications.
        url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-020-01340-0
        doi: 10.1186/s12931-020-01340-0

         id: cord-318282-ocgfgx9r
     author: Boyce, John M
      title: Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
       date: 2005-10-31
      words: 8583.0
  sentences: 424.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 45.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-318282-ocgfgx9r.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-318282-ocgfgx9r.txt
    summary: Measures recommended by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America for controlling health-care-associated MRSA include the use of screening cultures to detect colonised patients, placing patients in private rooms or cohorting patients, wearing gloves for room entry, gowns for substantial contact with patients or their environment, and hand hygiene before and after patient contact. Further studies are necessary to establish the relative efficacy of control measures such as screening cultures, cohort nursing, increased staffing levels, and improved hand hygiene adherence rates in controlling transmission of MRSA in health-care facilities. Revised guidelines for the control of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in hospitals Comparison of community-and health care-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection Epidemiology of emerging methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Denmark: a nationwide study in a country with low prevalence of MRSA infection Effectiveness of a hospitalwide selective screening programme for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriers at hospital admission to prevent hospital-acquired MRSA infections
   abstract: nan
        url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1473309905702437
        doi: 10.1016/s1473-3099(05)70243-7

         id: cord-033974-0rzi7x22
     author: Boyd, Rhea W
      title: In the 2020 US election, we can choose a just future
       date: 2020-10-19
      words: 1426.0
  sentences: 101.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 64.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-033974-0rzi7x22.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-033974-0rzi7x22.txt
    summary: In terms of health, the current US administration has intentionally lied about the grave risks of COVID-19, failed to implement a coherent national pandemic strategy, hamstrung and underfunded public health agencies, initiated the process to withdraw the USA from WHO, reversed and weakened health regulations, attacked abortion and contraception access, eroded transgender health protections, and aired racist, anti-Asian, antiscience views. 11 The age-adjusted COVID-19 mortality rate among Black and Indigenous communities and people of colour in the USA is up to three times higher than among non-Hispanic white populations. 12 Latinx and Black children account for an astounding 74% of COVID-19 deaths among people aged 21 years and younger in the USA. 14 And every untimely death has occurred within the nation that spends more money on health care than any other country in the world. Deaths involving coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by race and Hispanic origin and age, by state
   abstract: nan
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7572098/
        doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32140-1

         id: cord-033146-2v1kuq50
     author: Boylan, Brandon M.
      title: US–China Relations: Nationalism, the Trade War, and COVID-19
       date: 2020-10-04
      words: 7902.0
  sentences: 391.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 48.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-033146-2v1kuq50.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-033146-2v1kuq50.txt
    summary: However, in an effort to thwart China''s economic practices and boost the US economy, President Trump''s administration levied tariffs on Chinese imports shortly after taking office, moving US foreign economic policy from liberalism, practiced for decades, to protectionism. In the USA, the Trump administration''s plan to achieve energy autonomy, decrease reliance on foreign resources, and reinvigorate the manufacturing sector has led to protectionist policies, the othering of China, and hence the trade war. However, the Chinese state media employed a moderate approach in covering the trade conflict, criticizing the Trump administration for its protectionist policies instead of blaming the USA as a whole for economic aggression (Zeng and Sparks 2020) . Although the Trump administration initiated the trade war, China has retaliated with tit-for-tat measures and exerted a great deal of power to protect its economic and political interests and its burgeoning leadership role in global affairs.
   abstract: The trade war between the USA and China has shocked many across the world. A disruption to the interdependence of the two largest economies seemed unfathomable. However, in an effort to thwart China’s economic practices and boost the US economy, President Trump’s administration levied tariffs on Chinese imports shortly after taking office, moving US foreign economic policy from liberalism, practiced for decades, to protectionism. China has retaliated, and the trade war continues today. With conceptual insights from the nationalism literature, we explore the nationalist roots of the trade war from both the US and Chinese perspectives. In the USA, the Trump administration’s plan to achieve energy autonomy, decrease reliance on foreign resources, and reinvigorate the manufacturing sector has led to protectionist policies, the othering of China, and hence the trade war. Although reluctant to enter the conflict, China has rebuffed the USA, resisting and counterattacking US actions, owing to a long-felt sense of persecution in the global space and an eagerness to participate fully, and lead in some issue areas, in international affairs. The conflict continues into the COVID-19 era, marked by US scapegoating of China and hits to economic performance. Until both sides are convinced they have achieved their goals, or the USA undergoes an administration change, the conflict will likely continue.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7533044/
        doi: 10.1007/s40647-020-00302-6

         id: cord-256888-tdx12ccj
     author: Bradley, Benjamin T
      title: Histopathology and ultrastructural findings of fatal COVID-19 infections in Washington State: a case series
       date: 2020-07-16
      words: 5006.0
  sentences: 300.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 45.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-256888-tdx12ccj.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-256888-tdx12ccj.txt
    summary: To date, documentation of the histopathological features in fatal cases of the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has been scarce due to sparse autopsy performance and incomplete organ sampling. 8 Post-mortem studies have shown pulmonary, renal, and small vessel injury, with particles resembling virus observed in the kidney by electron microscopy. By electron microscopy, aggregates of uniform, round enveloped particles ranging in size from around 70 nm to 100 nm with peripheral spike-like projections consistent with the morphology described for SARS-CoV-2 were observed in the lung, trachea, kidney, and large intestine of patient 8 and patient 13. [9] [10] [11] [12] We present a case series of autopsy findings in 14 patients who died after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The major histopathological observation in our series of patients who died with COVID-19 was diffuse alveolar damage-type lung injury in the acute or organising phases (12 [86%] of 14 patients).
   abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of an ongoing pandemic, with increasing deaths worldwide. To date, documentation of the histopathological features in fatal cases of the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has been scarce due to sparse autopsy performance and incomplete organ sampling. We aimed to provide a clinicopathological report of severe COVID-19 cases by documenting histopathological changes and evidence of SARS-CoV-2 tissue tropism. METHODS: In this case series, patients with a positive antemortem or post-mortem SARS-CoV-2 result were considered eligible for enrolment. Post-mortem examinations were done on 14 people who died with COVID-19 at the King County Medical Examiner's Office (Seattle, WA, USA) and Snohomish County Medical Examiner's Office (Everett, WA, USA) in negative-pressure isolation suites during February and March, 2020. Clinical and laboratory data were reviewed. Tissue examination was done by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and quantitative RT-PCR. FINDINGS: The median age of our cohort was 73·5 years (range 42–84; IQR 67·5–77·25). All patients had clinically significant comorbidities, the most common being hypertension, chronic kidney disease, obstructive sleep apnoea, and metabolic disease including diabetes and obesity. The major pulmonary finding was diffuse alveolar damage in the acute or organising phases, with five patients showing focal pulmonary microthrombi. Coronavirus-like particles were detected in the respiratory system, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract. Lymphocytic myocarditis was observed in one patient with viral RNA detected in the tissue. INTERPRETATION: The primary pathology observed in our cohort was diffuse alveolar damage, with virus located in the pneumocytes and tracheal epithelium. Microthrombi, where observed, were scarce and endotheliitis was not identified. Although other non-pulmonary organs showed susceptibility to infection, their contribution to the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection requires further examination. FUNDING: None.
        url: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31305-2
        doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31305-2

         id: cord-028341-93e30n3n
     author: Bünte, Claudia
      title: China und die Wirtschaft: Der Riese erwacht nicht, er ist längst auf der Überholspur
       date: 2020-06-26
      words: 8838.0
  sentences: 1143.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 68.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-028341-93e30n3n.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-028341-93e30n3n.txt
    summary: Es liefert Zahlen zu den finanziellen Mitteln im eigenen Land, zur globalen Unterstützung von KI-Startups (hier ist China global führend) und bringt Beispiele für die unbürokratische Unterstützung der Behörden, sobald ein Thema im Fokus der chinesischen Planung steht. Es liefert Zahlen zu den finanziellen Mitteln im eigenen Land, zur globalen Unterstützung von KI-Startups (hier ist China global führend) und bringt Beispiele für die unbürokratische Unterstützung der Behörden, sobald ein Thema im Fokus der chinesischen Planung steht. Uns mag nicht alles gefallen, was wir sehen, angefangen von fehlender Mitbestimmung der Bürger * innen am politischen Geschehen über den aus westlicher Sicht mangelnden Datenschutz bis hin zu einem unguten Gefühl in westlichen Wirtschaftskreisen, die eigenen Innovationen, einmal in China auf den Markt gebracht, würden nicht mehr so geschützt, wie man es von einem europäischen Patentschutz erwarten könnte.
   abstract: Die chinesische und die westlich geprägte Welt sind deutlich unterschiedlich. Um die Innovationskraft verstehen und richtig einordnen zu können, die gerade bei KI von China ausgeht und weiter ausgehen wird, zeigt dieses Kapitel, wie sich China im Vergleich zur westlichen Welt wirtschaftlich entwickelt und bis 2050 voraussichtlich entwickeln wird. Dabei wird deutlich, dass China den Westen bereits in einigen Punkten rasant überholt hat und dass dieses Überholen weitergehen wird, insbesondere (aber nicht nur) durch den chinesischen 5-Jahresplan rund um „Made in China 2025“. Wie es sich u. a. anfühlt, diese Entwicklung hautnah seit 30 Jahren mitzuerleben, berichtet anschließend Beatrix Frisch, General Manager China von Mackevision CG Technologies im Interview. Das Kapitel zeigt anschließend die Unterschiede im Datenschutz sowie dem Datenschutzgefühl (also welche Daten wie schützenswert sein sollten) im Westen und in China. Es diskutiert die damit verbundenen Auswirkungen auf die Implementierungsgeschwindigkeit der chinesischen Gesellschaft in Bezug auf neue, datenverarbeitende Technologien, wie Künstliche Intelligenz eine ist. Es legt dar, dass genau diese Unterschiede im Datenschutz einer der entscheidenden Faktoren dafür sein wird, dass China im Bereich Künstliche Intelligenz die weltweite Führung übernehmen wird. Anschließend werden die drei wichtigsten 5-Jahrespläne vorgestellt und diskutiert, also: „Made in China 2025“, das die Industrieproduktion Chinas optimieren und mit hochwertigen Erzeugnissen Chinas Position als wichtige Produktionsmacht weiter ausbauen soll; der 5-Jahresplan Chinas von 2017, der die Zeit von 2017 bis 2050 umfasst und der China an die Spitze der führenden Wirtschaftsmächte bringen soll; der Plan des Zentralkommitees zur Rolle der KI von 2017, der KI als den entscheidenden Faktor für China auf dem Weg zur führenden globalen Macht definiert. Das Kapitel zeigt weiter, wie stark China den Bereich KI bereits heute unterstützt. Es liefert Zahlen zu den finanziellen Mitteln im eigenen Land, zur globalen Unterstützung von KI-Startups (hier ist China global führend) und bringt Beispiele für die unbürokratische Unterstützung der Behörden, sobald ein Thema im Fokus der chinesischen Planung steht. Außerdem gibt einen breiten Überblick über das Schul- und Universitätsgrogramm Chinas, das so angelegt wird, dass es die nötigen Expert(∗)innen hervorbringt, um zu einer „AI first“-Nation zu werden. Es folgt ein Interview mit Matthias Müller, dem General Manager des German Center of Industry and Trade in Shanghai, über seine Erfahrungen nach über 20 Jahren in China. Das Kapitel schließt ab mit einem Fazit, warum es sich lohnt, nach China zu schauen.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7332766/
        doi: 10.1007/978-3-658-29795-4_2

         id: cord-026579-k3w8h961
     author: Carr, Paul R.
      title: Shooting Yourself First in the Foot, then in the Head: Normative Democracy Is Suffocating, and then the Coronavirus Came to Light
       date: 2020-06-10
      words: 8706.0
  sentences: 351.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 49.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-026579-k3w8h961.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-026579-k3w8h961.txt
    summary: I highlight three points related to democracy in this text, formulating the following central arguments: 1) Social media and, consequently, citizen engagement are becoming a significant filter that can potentially re-imagine the political, economic, and social worlds (outside of and beyond normative democracy), which increasingly bleed over to how we might develop and engage with ''democracy'' (Garrett 2019) ; to this end, the advent of ''fake news'' is a worthy subject to explore here because a functioning democracy, to a certain degree, is dependent on media/political literacy, critical engagement/participation, and the capacity to communicate, analyze, and disseminate nuanced perspectives, ideas, and information; I introduce a brief case study on the nefarious interpretation of the killing of Jamal Khashoggi in 2018 (BBC News 2019) to underscore the tension points in normative democracy; 2) Capitalism, or neoliberalism, needs to be more fully exposed, interrogated, and confronted if ''normative, representative, hegemonic, electoral democracy'' is to be re-considered, re-imagined, and re-invented (Lydon 2017) ; the perpetuation of social inequalities lays bare the frailty of normative democratic institutions; 3) Covid-19 has exposed the fault lines and fissures of normative democracy, illustrating here the ''common sense'' ways that power imbalances are sustained, which leaves little room for social solidarity (Human Rights Watch 2020); I present here a small case study of the economic and labor dynamic in Quebec during the coronavirus.
   abstract: This text starts with the premise that ‘normative democracy’ has rendered our societies vulnerable and burdened with unaddressed social inequalities. I highlight three central arguments: (1) Social media, and, consequently, citizen engagement are becoming a significant filter that can potentially re-imagine the political, economic, and social worlds, which increasingly bleed over to how we might develop and engage with ‘democracy’; to this end, I introduce a brief case study on the nefarious interpretation of the killing of Jamal Khashoggi in 2018 to underscore the tension points in normative democracy; (2) Capitalism, or neoliberalism, needs to be more fully exposed, interrogated, and confronted if ‘normative, representative, hegemonic, electoral democracy’ is to be re-considered, re-imagined, and re-invented; the perpetuation of social inequalities lays bare the frailty of normative democratic institutions; (3) Covid-19 has exposed the fault lines and fissures of normative democracy, illustrating here the ‘common sense’ ways that power imbalances are sustained, which leaves little room for social solidarity; I present herein the case of the economic/labor dynamic in Quebec during the coronavirus. Ultimately, I believe the quest to re-imagine a more meaningful, critically engaged democracy, especially during a context that is imbued with a political, economic, and public health crisis, cannot be delayed much longer.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7283988/
        doi: 10.1007/s42438-020-00142-3

         id: cord-012909-o6t2srim
     author: Chaudhari, Jayeshbhai
      title: Host Transcriptional Response to Persistent Infection with a Live-Attenuated Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Strain
       date: 2020-07-28
      words: nan
  sentences: nan
      pages: 
     flesch: nan
      cache: 
        txt: 
    summary: 
   abstract: Both virulent and live-attenuated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) strains can establish persistent infection in lymphoid tissues of pigs. To investigate the mechanisms of PRRSV persistence, we performed a transcriptional analysis of inguinal lymphoid tissue collected from pigs experimentally infected with an attenuated PRRSV strain at 46 days post infection. A total of 6404 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected of which 3960 DEGs were upregulated and 2444 DEGs were downregulated. Specifically, genes involved in innate immune responses and chemokines and receptors associated with T-cell homing to lymphoid tissues were down regulated. As a result, homing of virus-specific T-cells to lymphoid tissues seems to be ineffective, evidenced by the lower frequencies of virus-specific T-cell in lymphoid tissue than in peripheral blood. Genes associated with T-cell exhaustion were upregulated. Likewise, genes involved in the anti-apoptotic pathway were upregulated. Collectively, the data suggested that the live-attenuated PRRSV strain establishes a pro-survival microenvironment in lymphoid tissue by suppressing innate immune responses, T-cell homing, and preventing cell apoptosis.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7474429/
        doi: 10.3390/v12080817

         id: cord-273199-xmq502gm
     author: Cherednik, I.
      title: A surprising formula for the spread of Covid-19 under aggressive management
       date: 2020-05-02
      words: 5042.0
  sentences: 304.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 64.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-273199-xmq502gm.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-273199-xmq502gm.txt
    summary: We propose an algebraic-type formula that describes with high accuracy the spread of Covid-19 pandemic under aggressive management for the periods of the intensive growth of the total number of infections. Anyway a sociological approach to the spread, which "explains" under some assumptions the power growth of the number of total cases, is quite natural in our work, because the active managements of epidemics is clearly of sociological nature, applicable only to humans. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.29.20084483 doi: medRxiv preprint An important outcome of our modeling is that the measures of "hard type", like detecting and isolating infected people and closing the places where the spread is almost inevitable, are the key for ending an epidemic. The predictions are of course based on the assumption that the intensity of hard measures continues to be proportional to the total number of detected infections to date, as it was clearly the case for the red dots.
   abstract: We propose an algebraic-type formula that describes with high accuracy the spread of Covid-19 pandemic under aggressive management for the periods of the intensive growth of the total number of infections. The formula can be used as a powerful forecasting tool. The parameters of the theory are the transmission rate, reflecting the viral fitness and "normal" frequency of contacts in the infected areas, and the intensity of prevention measures. The duration of the period of intensive growth is essentially inversely proportional to the square root of the intensity of hard measures. A more precise formula is based on Bessel functions. The data for the USA, UK, Sweden, Israel are provided.
        url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.29.20084483v1?rss=1
        doi: 10.1101/2020.04.29.20084483

         id: cord-260653-5qwtvm9x
     author: Chikhlikar, Priya
      title: DNA Encoding an HIV-1 Gag/Human Lysosome-Associated Membrane Protein-1 Chimera Elicits a Broad Cellular and Humoral Immune Response in Rhesus Macaques
       date: 2006-12-27
      words: 6117.0
  sentences: 278.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 49.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-260653-5qwtvm9x.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-260653-5qwtvm9x.txt
    summary: Thomas; Marques, Ernesto T.A. title: DNA Encoding an HIV-1 Gag/Human Lysosome-Associated Membrane Protein-1 Chimera Elicits a Broad Cellular and Humoral Immune Response in Rhesus Macaques Previous studies of HIV-1 p55Gag immunization of mice have demonstrated the usefulness of targeting antigens to the cellular compartment containing the major histocompatibility complex type II (MHC II) complex molecules by use of a DNA antigen formulation encoding Gag as a chimera with the mouse lysosome-associated membrane protein (mLAMP/gag). In the present study, we have analyzed the magnitude and breadth of Gag-specific T-lymphocyte and antibody responses elicited in Rhesus macaques after immunization with DNA encoding a human LAMP/gag (hLAMP/gag) chimera. This study demonstrates that Rhesus macaques immunized with a DNA plasmid vaccine-encoding gag as an hLAMP/gag chimera develops strong antigen-specific humoral responses as well as CD4 + and CD8 + T-cell responses.
   abstract: Previous studies of HIV-1 p55Gag immunization of mice have demonstrated the usefulness of targeting antigens to the cellular compartment containing the major histocompatibility complex type II (MHC II) complex molecules by use of a DNA antigen formulation encoding Gag as a chimera with the mouse lysosome-associated membrane protein (mLAMP/gag). In the present study, we have analyzed the magnitude and breadth of Gag-specific T-lymphocyte and antibody responses elicited in Rhesus macaques after immunization with DNA encoding a human LAMP/gag (hLAMP/gag) chimera. ELISPOT analyses indicated that the average Gag-specific IFN-γ response elicited by the hLAMP/gag chimera was detectable after only two or three naked DNA immunizations in all five immunized macaques and reached an average of 1000 spot-forming cells (SFC)/10(6) PBMCs. High IFN-γ ELISPOT responses were detected in CD8(+)-depleted cells, indicating that CD4(+) T-cells play a major role in these responses. The T-cell responses of four of the macaques were also tested by use of ELISPOT to 12 overlapping 15-amino acids (aa) peptide pools containing ten peptides each, encompassing the complete Gag protein sequence. The two Mamu 08 immunized macaques responded to eight and twelve of the pools, the Mamu B01 to six, and the other macaque to five pools indicating that the hLAMP/gag DNA antigen formulation elicits a broad T-cell response against Gag. Additionally, there was a strong HIV-1-specific IgG response. The IgG antibody titers increased after each DNA injection, indicating a strong amnestic B-cell response, and were highly elevated in all the macaques after three immunizations. Moreover, the serum of each macaque recognized 13 of the 49 peptides of a 20-aa peptide library covering the complete Gag amino acid sequence. In addition, HIV-1-specific IgA antibodies were present in the plasma and external secretions, including nasal washes. These data support the findings of increased immunogenicity of genetic vaccines encoded as LAMP chimeras, including the response to DNA vaccines by non-human primates.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17205139/
        doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000135

         id: cord-316430-idjkqcee
     author: Costa, Kauê M.
      title: Short-term scholar visas are essential for science
       date: 2020-10-16
      words: 894.0
  sentences: 49.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 49.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-316430-idjkqcee.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-316430-idjkqcee.txt
    summary: The recent (June 22nd) presidential proclamation suspending short-term work visas, including the H-1B and certain categories of J-1 programs [1] , has created significant distress among the community of visiting scholars in the USA. There are legitimate issues regarding the exploitation of short-term work visas and their recipients that should be addressed specifically, and while J-1 research scholars (the category encompassing most US postdoctoral researchers) are currently exempt from the proclamation, many scientists will still be affected. (3) There is empirical evidence that the impact of research by foreign-born scientists is on average higher than that of locals who have no international mobility experience, even when accounting for differences in relative career positions in their countries of origin [3] . (5) The proclamation causes unnecessary distress not only for the visiting scholar community but also for their American colleagues and group leaders who rely on their work for the continuation of their research, which is only exacerbated by the current disruption imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic.
   abstract: nan
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33067544/
        doi: 10.1038/s41386-020-00880-9

         id: cord-275210-baqaqsli
     author: DREESEN, DAVID W.
      title: Animal Vaccines
       date: 2007-09-05
      words: 5271.0
  sentences: 263.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 49.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-275210-baqaqsli.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-275210-baqaqsli.txt
    summary: Using the SAD Berne strain of virus adapted from the ERA strain, several types of MLV ORV vaccines have been produced for use in baits for free-ranging animals that serve as vectors for the maintenance and transmission of the disease in wildlife species . The new generation of vectored recombinant vaccines now appearing on the market, such as the avipoxvirus vaccine recently licensed for use for cats in the USA (a rabies glycoprotein, live canarypox vectored vaccine) appears to produce few, if any, allergic or neoplastic reactions (Greene and Dreesen, 1998; Greene and Rupprecht, 2006) . All currently licensed killed rabies vaccines intended for use in carnivores must protect 22 of 25 or 26 of 30 (or a statistically equivalent number) animals from an IM challenge with a rabies virus for 90 days post challenge and 80% of controls must die from the challenge (Code of Federal Regulations, 2004).
   abstract: Rabies in terrestrial animals, primarily carnivores, is caused by the classic genotype 1 rabies virus. Even though the widespread vaccination of domestic dogs has been the one most effective factor in the reduction of human rabies, the number of human deaths worldwide is greater than that of the combined deaths from polio, meningococcal meningitis, Japanese encephalitis, yellow fever, severe acute respiratory syndrome and avian influenze (bird flu).Tools are available in highly efficacious and safe animal and human vaccines. Multiple factors can, however, prevent their use effectively in many areas of the world. For several decades, virtually all rabies nerve tissue origin (NTO) vaccines were inactivated with phenol using the method described by Semple. The NTO vaccines currently in use for mass vaccination campaigns in Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean are primarily produced from rabies virus-infected suckling mouse brains or lamb brains. These vaccines are shown to be effective in campaigns. However, NTO-killed vaccines for dogs and other animals have often, in the past, resulted in post-vaccinal nervous system reactions that could result in the death of the vaccinated animals.
        url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780123693662500166
        doi: 10.1016/b978-012369366-2/50016-6

         id: cord-003334-ion97n4b
     author: De Silva Senapathi, Upasama
      title: The In Ovo Delivery of CpG Oligonucleotides Protects against Infectious Bronchitis with the Recruitment of Immune Cells into the Respiratory Tract of Chickens
       date: 2018-11-15
      words: 5827.0
  sentences: 266.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 54.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-003334-ion97n4b.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-003334-ion97n4b.txt
    summary: Although the delivery of CpG ODNs in ovo at embryo day (ED) 18 has been shown to reduce infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) loads in embryonic chicken lungs pre-hatch, whether in ovo delivered CpG ODNs are capable of protecting chickens against a post-hatch challenge is unknown. We found significantly higher survival rates and reduced IBV infection in the chickens following the pre-treatment of the ED 18 eggs with CpG ODNs. At 3 days post infection (dpi), we found an increased recruitment of macrophages, cluster of differentiation (CD)8α+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes, and an up-regulation of interferon (IFN)-γ mRNA in the respiratory tract of the chickens. Considering that we observed a significant reduction in the IBV induced morbidity and mortality of in ovo CpG ODN pre-treated birds correlating with varying degrees of increased macrophages, CD4+, and CD8α+ T cells in the tracheal and lung tissues, we needed to further elucidate the mechanisms by which these immune cells were efficiently recruited.
   abstract: The in ovo delivery of cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) protects chickens against many bacterial and viral infections, by activating the toll-like receptor (TLR)21 signaling pathway. Although the delivery of CpG ODNs in ovo at embryo day (ED) 18 has been shown to reduce infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) loads in embryonic chicken lungs pre-hatch, whether in ovo delivered CpG ODNs are capable of protecting chickens against a post-hatch challenge is unknown. Thus, our objectives were to determine the protective effect of the in ovo delivery of CpG ODNs at ED 18 against IBV infection encountered post-hatch and, then, to investigate the mechanisms of protection. We found significantly higher survival rates and reduced IBV infection in the chickens following the pre-treatment of the ED 18 eggs with CpG ODNs. At 3 days post infection (dpi), we found an increased recruitment of macrophages, cluster of differentiation (CD)8α+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes, and an up-regulation of interferon (IFN)-γ mRNA in the respiratory tract of the chickens. Overall, it may be inferred that CpG ODNs, when delivered in ovo, provide protection against IBV infection induced morbidity and mortality with an enhanced immune response.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6266937/
        doi: 10.3390/v10110635

         id: cord-003841-7uaj9hmx
     author: Desmonts de Lamache, D.
      title: Immuno-modulating properties of Tulathromycin in porcine monocyte-derived macrophages infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
       date: 2019-08-23
      words: 7978.0
  sentences: 414.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 37.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-003841-7uaj9hmx.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-003841-7uaj9hmx.txt
    summary: The findings indicate that tulathromycin, in the absence of a direct anti-viral effect, is able to restore the phagocytic function and to attenuate the pro-inflammatory phenotype of PRRSV-infected monocyte-derived porcine macrophages. However, Immuno-modulating properties of Tulathromycin in PRRSV-infected porcine monocyte-derived macrophages PRRSV-induced IL-10 inhibition was abolished when the cells were pre-treated with tulathromycin at 2 and 12 hours post infection (Fig 6) . Another set of experiments assessed the effects of PRRSV, and of tulathromycin, on the nonopsonized and opsonized phagocytic functions of MDMs. PRRSV infection significantly Immuno-modulating properties of Tulathromycin in PRRSV-infected porcine monocyte-derived macrophages inhibited both phagocytic functions of the cells (Figs 10 and 11 ). The findings indicate that TUL inhibits PRRSV-induced inflammatory responses in porcine monocyte-derived macrophages and protects against the phagocytic impairment caused by the virus, in the absence of any direct anti-viral effects.
   abstract: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a positive-stranded RNA virus that grows in macrophages and causes acute pneumonia in pigs. PRRSV causes devastating losses to the porcine industry. However, due to its high antigenic variability and poorly understood immunopathogenesis, there is currently no effective vaccine or treatment to control PRRSV infection. The common occurrence of PRRSV infection with bacterial infections as well as its inflammatory-driven pathobiology raises the question of the value of antibiotics with immunomodulating properties for the treatment of the disease it causes. The macrolide antibiotic Tulathromycin (TUL) has been found to exhibit potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties in cattle and pigs. The aim of this study was to characterize the anti-viral and immunomodulating properties of TUL in PRRSV-infected porcine macrophages. Our findings indicate that blood monocyte-derived macrophages are readily infected by PRRSV and can be used as an effective cellular model to study PRRSV pathogenesis. TUL did not change intracellular or extracellular viral titers, not did it alter viral receptors (CD163 and CD169) expression on porcine macrophages. In contrast, TUL exhibited potent immunomodulating properties, which therefore occurred in the absence of any direct antiviral effects against PRRSV. TUL had an additive effect with PRRSV on the induction of macrophage apoptosis, and inhibited virus-induced necrosis. TUL significantly attenuated PRRSV-induced macrophage pro-inflammatory signaling (CXCL-8 and mitochondrial ROS production) and prevented PRRSV inhibition of non-opsonized and opsonized phagocytic function. Together, these data demonstrate that TUL inhibits PRRSV-induced inflammatory responses in porcine macrophages and protects against the phagocytic impairment caused by the virus. Research in live pigs is warranted to assess the potential clinical benefits of this antibiotic in the context of virally induced inflammation and tissue injury.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6707645/
        doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221560

         id: cord-025010-3k17eyqx
     author: Diekmann, Berend
      title: Globale Handelsordnung — mit den oder ohne die USA?
       date: 2020-05-20
      words: 1717.0
  sentences: 244.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 57.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-025010-3k17eyqx.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-025010-3k17eyqx.txt
    summary: Wesentliche Beweggründe waren die Idee, die ehemaligen Staatshandelsländer und etwas später auch das sich öffnende China in eine Welthandelsordnung zu integrieren, die von der Marktöffnung als Leitmotiv bestimmt war. Mit diesem handelspolitischen Ansatz können die USA die Rolle des kompensierenden Hegemons, die sie über Dekaden im GATT und zunächst auch in der WTO einnahmen, nicht mehr spielen. Hegemon sind die USA, weil sie über Jahrzehnte den Mitgliedern des GATT/der WTO nicht nur den Zugang zum lukrativen US-Markt zu stabilen Bedingungen boten, sondern auch ihr politisches Gewicht in die Waagschale warfen, damit die Regeln Glaubwürdigkeit und Gültigkeit behielten. Gleichzeitig ist das Abkommen mit seinen umfassenden Kaufverpfl ichtungen für China aber Ausdruck eines kleinteiligen "Managed Trade", der konzeptionell im scharfen Widerspruch zu den Grundsätzen des freien und regelbasierten Handels im Rahmen der WTO steht und im Zweifel zulasten von Drittländern geht. De facto stärkt der US-Ansatz eines "Managed Trade" mit China damit -paradoxerweise -den Staatshandelscharakter und die Rolle staatsnaher bzw.
   abstract: nan
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7237620/
        doi: 10.1007/s10273-020-2648-9

         id: cord-309488-8guapzke
     author: Dodd, R.
      title: Other emerging viral pathogens
       date: 2006-08-15
      words: 4365.0
  sentences: 215.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 49.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-309488-8guapzke.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-309488-8guapzke.txt
    summary: Attention was refocused on viral infections as a result of the outbreak of West Nile virus (WNV) disease in the USA along with the recognition that it was transmissible by transfusion [1] . In 1997, Blackbourn and colleagues [17] reported on the detection of HHV-8 DNA in the blood of a seropositive blood donor; based on evidence of in vitro passage of the virus to allogeneic cells, the authors expressed concern about the potential for transmission by transfusion. This concern is based upon the historical fact that there have been periodic pandemics associated with the circulation of new strains of the virus in humans and the current outbreak of the H5N1 strain of avian influenza, which causes high mortality when it does infect humans [27] . Seroprevalence of human herpes virus 8 antibody in populations at high or low risk of transfusion, graft, or sexual transmission of viruses Molecular cloning and disease association of hepatitis G virus: a transfusion-transmissible agent
   abstract: nan
        url: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-2824.2006.00043.x
        doi: 10.1111/j.1751-2824.2006.00043.x

         id: cord-013325-8lds7nti
     author: Ecker, Jeffrey W.
      title: High-Yield Expression and Purification of Recombinant Influenza Virus Proteins from Stably-Transfected Mammalian Cell Lines
       date: 2020-08-21
      words: 9393.0
  sentences: 426.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 43.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-013325-8lds7nti.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-013325-8lds7nti.txt
    summary: title: High-Yield Expression and Purification of Recombinant Influenza Virus Proteins from Stably-Transfected Mammalian Cell Lines Herein, we describe the approach for developing stable transfected human cell lines for the expression of recombinant influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) and recombinant influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) proteins for the purpose of in vitro and in vivo vaccine development. Herein, we describe an approach for developing stable transfected human cell lines expressing recombinant influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) and influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) proteins for the purpose of in vitro and in vivo vaccine development. Plasmids for expressing recombinant wild-type HA influenza proteins were human codon optimized and ordered from Genewiz (South Plainfield, NJ, USA) or cloned from a full-length HA gene into a pcDNA3.1/Zeo (+) vector (Thermo Fisher Scientific) using the BamHI and HindIII restriction sites. As shown in Figure 4B , the maximal rHA yields were achieved by the previously described Computationally-Optimized Broadly Reactive Antigen (COBRA) P1 HA protein [3, 24] stable transfected cells.
   abstract: Influenza viruses infect millions of people each year, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality in the human population. Therefore, generation of a universal influenza virus vaccine is an urgent need and would greatly benefit public health. Recombinant protein technology is an established vaccine platform and has resulted in several commercially available vaccines. Herein, we describe the approach for developing stable transfected human cell lines for the expression of recombinant influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) and recombinant influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) proteins for the purpose of in vitro and in vivo vaccine development. HA and NA are the main surface glycoproteins on influenza virions and the major antibody targets. The benefits for using recombinant proteins for in vitro and in vivo assays include the ease of use, high level of purity and the ability to scale-up production. This work provides guidelines on how to produce and purify recombinant proteins produced in mammalian cell lines through either transient transfection or generation of stable cell lines from plasmid creation through the isolation step via Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography (IMAC). Collectively, the establishment of this pipeline has facilitated large-scale production of recombinant HA and NA proteins to high purity and with consistent yields, including glycosylation patterns that are very similar to proteins produced in a human host.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7565037/
        doi: 10.3390/vaccines8030462

         id: cord-257190-iesysf3l
     author: Eshaghi, Majid
      title: Purification of the extra-cellular domain of Nipah virus glycoprotein produced in Escherichia coli and possible application in diagnosis
       date: 2005-03-30
      words: 2907.0
  sentences: 149.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 51.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-257190-iesysf3l.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-257190-iesysf3l.txt
    summary: The purified protein showed significant reactivity with the antibodies present in the sera of NiV-infected swine, as demonstrated in Western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The purified product was used as the capturing antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine the presence of the anti-NiV antibodies in serum samples collected from naturally infected swine. It was found that the purified G protein reacted only with antibodies in NiV positive samples, suggesting a potential replacement for currently used whole virus antigen that requires containment facilities. An immunoreactive band of approximately 57 kDa was detected by the pooled anti-NiV sera on a Western blot (Fig. 1B) , confirming the expression of the recombinant G protein. In order to determine the specificity and sensitivity of the recombinant G protein as antigen for detecting antibodies in NiV positive swine sera a quantitive immunoassay was carried out.
   abstract: The glycoprotein (G) of Nipah virus (NiV) is important for virus infectivity and induction of the protective immunity. In this study, the extra-cellular domain of NiV G protein was fused with hexahistidine residues at its N-terminal end and expressed in Escherichia coli. The expression under transcriptional regulation of T7 promoter yielded insoluble protein aggregates in the form of inclusion bodies. The inclusion bodies were solubilized with 8 M urea and the protein was purified to homogeneity under denaturing conditions using nickel–nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni–NTA) affinity chromatography. The denatured protein was renatured by gradual removal of the urea. Light scattering analysis of the purified protein showed primarily monodispersity. The purified protein showed significant reactivity with the antibodies present in the sera of NiV-infected swine, as demonstrated in Western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Taken together, the data indicate the potential usefulness of the purified G protein for structural or functional studies and the development of immunoassay for detection of the NiV antibodies.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15707682/
        doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2004.10.020

         id: cord-275604-5u4kikov
     author: Feehan, Amy K.
      title: Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and Infection Fatality Ratio, Orleans and Jefferson Parishes, Louisiana, USA, May 2020
       date: 2020-11-17
      words: nan
  sentences: nan
      pages: 
     flesch: nan
      cache: 
        txt: 
    summary: 
   abstract: Using a novel recruitment method and paired molecular and antibody testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, we determined seroprevalence in a racially diverse municipality in Louisiana, USA. Infections were highly variable by ZIP code and differed by race/ethnicity. Overall census-weighted seroprevalence was 6.9%, and the calculated infection fatality ratio was 1.63%.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32731911/
        doi: 10.3201/eid2611.203029

         id: cord-326189-41t2sshy
     author: García-Colón, Ismael
      title: The COVID-19 spring and the expendability of guestworkers
       date: 2020-07-29
      words: 3527.0
  sentences: 171.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 51.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-326189-41t2sshy.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-326189-41t2sshy.txt
    summary: If the supply of local workers available to work under the wage and conditions set forth by growers and government officials was insufficient, the US Department of Labor certified the use of guestworkers. The argument from many government officials, growers, and labor advocates is that the need for guestworkers derives from the fact that only small numbers of local workers have applied for agricultural jobs, as most of the local population is unwilling to work under arduous agricultural labor conditions characterized by long hours and low wages (Thompson 2020) . Large agribusiness interests and their allied government officials continue to promote policies facilitating labor control and guestworker programs because of their reliance on deportable, low-wage, and immigrant workers. Agricultural businesses expect 200,000 seasonal guest farmworkers from Mexico and Central America to enter the USA with H-2A visas (Leslie 2020 When government officials and growers talk of labor shortages, they are signaling their inability to attract domestic workers who would settle for low wages and still earn enough to sustain their families.
   abstract: nan
        url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10624-020-09601-6
        doi: 10.1007/s10624-020-09601-6

         id: cord-342242-cynpob7b
     author: Godakova, Svetlana A.
      title: Camelid VHHs Fused to Human Fc Fragments Provide Long Term Protection Against Botulinum Neurotoxin A in Mice
       date: 2019-08-07
      words: 7485.0
  sentences: 386.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 54.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-342242-cynpob7b.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-342242-cynpob7b.txt
    summary: Based on the analysis of B11-Fc and G3-Fc clones'' circulation time in the serum (presence of antibodies 14 days after injection), we decided to conduct an experiment on the survival of these mice, which previously received a single injection of the VHHs with the Fc fragment, with a repeated administration of only the lethal toxin dose 14 days after the original administration. Overall, we obtained numerous clones after two rounds of biopanning; we selected 15 clones for initial analysis based on their CDR3s, chose two clones (B11 and G3) with the best pre-mixed results in phage form in vivo, produced them in protein form, and modified their structure and characteristics by dimerization via a (Gly4Ser) 3 linker and fusion to a human IgG Fc fragment to enhance their protective activity.
   abstract: The bacterium Clostridium botulinum is the causative agent of botulism—a severe intoxication caused by botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) and characterized by damage to the nervous system. In an effort to develop novel C. botulinum immunotherapeutics, camelid single-domain antibodies (sdAbs, VHHs, or nanobodies) could be used due to their unique structure and characteristics. In this study, VHHs were produced using phage display technology. A total of 15 different monoclonal VHHs were selected based on their comlementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) sequences. Different toxin lethal dose (LD(50)) challenges with each selected phage clone were conducted in vivo to check their neutralizing potency. We demonstrated that modification of neutralizing VHHs with a human immunoglobulin G (IgG)1 Fc (fragment crystallizable) fragment (fusionbody, VHH-Fc) significantly increased the circulation time in the blood (up to 14 days). At the same time, VHH-Fc showed the protective activity 1000 times higher than monomeric form when challenged with 5 LD(50). Moreover, VHH-Fcs remained protective even 14 days after antibody administration. These results indicate that this VHH-Fc could be used as an effective long term antitoxin protection against botulinum type A.
        url: https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11080464
        doi: 10.3390/toxins11080464

         id: cord-271176-wdc4p4bc
     author: González-Scarano, Francisco
      title: Infectious etiology in multiple sclerosis: the debate continues
       date: 1999-12-01
      words: 2314.0
  sentences: 95.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 38.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-271176-wdc4p4bc.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-271176-wdc4p4bc.txt
    summary: Detectable as ''oligoclonal'' bands in electrophoresed samples of concentrated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins, antibodies produced by plasma cells within the CNS are usually seen in infectious diseases such as syphilis or AIDS, where they are directed against antigenic components of the invading microorganism. Although there were calls from conference ''break-out'' sessions for better stratification of MS patients in epidemiological studies, the consensus of studies pointing in the direction of an environmental cause, as well as the evidence from the oligoclonal immune responses, convinced the majority of delegates that MS is likely to be caused or triggered by an infectious agent. tuberculosis, even though a strong immune response involving both CD4 ϩ and CD8 ϩ T cells and production of IFN-␥, TNF-␣ and other cytokines is present.
   abstract: ‘Demonstrating Infectious Cause: Viral and Bacterial Infections in MS and Related Disorders’ was held in Brighton, UK, 23–25 August 1999.
        url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0966842X99016340
        doi: 10.1016/s0966-842x(99)01634-0

         id: cord-253609-vi2fb43t
     author: Gopinathannair, Rakesh
      title: COVID-19 and cardiac arrhythmias: a global perspective on arrhythmia characteristics and management strategies
       date: 2020-06-03
      words: 3198.0
  sentences: 176.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 44.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-253609-vi2fb43t.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-253609-vi2fb43t.txt
    summary: Sixty of 489 respondents (12.3%) reported having to discontinue therapy with HCQ + AZM due to significant QTc prolongation and 20 (4.1%) reported cases of Torsade de Pointes in patients on HCQ/chloroquine and AZM. To better understand the cardiac arrhythmic manifestations and treatment strategies employed in hospitalized COVID-19 patients through a worldwide cross-sectional survey of arrhythmia professionals. The major findings of this global survey include the following: (a) In hospitalized COVID-19 patients, EP professionals across the globe reported a wide variety of arrhythmic manifestations, with several reporting potentially life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias (sustained monomorphic VT, polymorphic VT/Torsade de Pointes, VT/VF arrest) as well as Fig. 3 Difference between US and non-US respondents regarding the percentage of hospitalized COVID-19 patients being treated with HCQ/chloroquine + azithromycin Fig. 2 Characteristics of bradyarrhythmias observed in hospitalized COVID-19 patients pulseless electrical activity.
   abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular and arrhythmic events have been reported in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. However, arrhythmia manifestations and treatment strategies used in these patients have not been well-described. We sought to better understand the cardiac arrhythmic manifestations and treatment strategies in hospitalized COVID-19 patients through a worldwide cross-sectional survey. METHODS: The Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) sent an online survey (via SurveyMonkey) to electrophysiology (EP) professionals (physicians, scientists, and allied professionals) across the globe. The survey was active from March 27 to April 13, 2020. RESULTS: A total of 1197 respondents completed the survey with 50% of respondents from outside the USA, representing 76 countries and 6 continents. Of respondents, 905 (76%) reported having COVID-19-positive patients in their hospital. Atrial fibrillation was the most commonly reported tachyarrhythmia whereas severe sinus bradycardia and complete heart block were the most common bradyarrhythmias. Ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation arrest and pulseless electrical activity were reported by 4.8% and 5.6% of respondents, respectively. There were 140 of 631 (22.2%) respondents who reported using anticoagulation therapy in all COVID-19-positive patients who did not otherwise have an indication. One hundred fifty-five of 498 (31%) reported regular use of hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine (HCQ) + azithromycin (AZM); concomitant use of AZM was more common in the USA. Sixty of 489 respondents (12.3%) reported having to discontinue therapy with HCQ + AZM due to significant QTc prolongation and 20 (4.1%) reported cases of Torsade de Pointes in patients on HCQ/chloroquine and AZM. Amiodarone was the most common antiarrhythmic drug used for ventricular arrhythmia management. CONCLUSIONS: In this global survey of > 1100 EP professionals regarding hospitalized COVID-19 patients, a variety of arrhythmic manifestations were observed, ranging from benign to potentially life-threatening. Observed adverse events related to use of HCQ + AZM included prolonged QTc requiring drug discontinuation as well as Torsade de Pointes. Large prospective studies to better define arrhythmic manifestations as well as the safety of treatment strategies in COVID-19 patients are warranted. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s10840-020-00789-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32494896/
        doi: 10.1007/s10840-020-00789-9

         id: cord-345524-vre54bq9
     author: Groneberg, David A.
      title: Needlestick injuries: a density-equalizing mapping and socioeconomic analysis of the global research
       date: 2020-05-05
      words: 4163.0
  sentences: 229.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 54.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-345524-vre54bq9.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-345524-vre54bq9.txt
    summary: METHODS: We used the New Quality and Quantity Indices in Science platform to analyze global NSI research (n = 2987 articles) over the past 115 years using the Web of Science and parameters such as global versus country-specific research activities, semi-qualitative issues, and socioeconomic figures. We approached this issue by relating NSI research activity to the (1) total economic power index "gross domestic product" (GDP) per billion US-$, (2) GDP per capita, and (3) country population sizes (World Factbook (World Economic Outlook Database 2013)). A similar landscape is present, when the number of NSI publishing institutions/affiliations per country is analyzed (Fig. 2) : The USA is the leading country with i = 739 different affiliations, followed by Great Britain (i = 183), France (i = 148), Italy (i = 129), Germany (i = 110), and Japan (i = 109) (Fig. 3 ). Our approach aimed to visualize global research activities in the field of NSI and related areas of science.
   abstract: BACKGROUND: Needlestick injuries have caused a deleterious effect on the physical and mental health of millions of health-care workers over the past decades, being responsible for occupational infections with viruses such as HIV or hepatis C. Despite this heavy burden of disease, no concise studies have been published on the global research landscape so far. METHODS: We used the New Quality and Quantity Indices in Science platform to analyze global NSI research (n = 2987 articles) over the past 115 years using the Web of Science and parameters such as global versus country-specific research activities, semi-qualitative issues, and socioeconomic figures. RESULTS: Density-equalizing mapping showed that although a total of n = 106 countries participated in NSI research, large parts of Africa and South America were almost invisible regarding global participation in NSI research. Average citation rate (cr) analysis indicated a high rate for Switzerland (cr = 25.1), Italy (cr = 23.5), and Japan (cr = 19.2). Socioeconomic analysis revealed that the UK had the highest quotient Q(GDP) of 0.13 NSI-specific publications per bill. US-$ gross domestic product (GDP), followed by South Africa (Q(GDP) = 0.12). Temporal analysis of HIV versus hepatitis research indicated that NSI-HIV research culminated in the early 1990s, whereas NSI-hepatitis research increased over the observed period from the 1980s until the last decade. CONCLUSION: Albeit NSI research activity is generally increasing, the growth is asymmetrical from a global viewpoint. International strategies should be followed that put a focus on NSI in non-industrialized areas of the world. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00420-020-01547-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
        url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-020-01547-0
        doi: 10.1007/s00420-020-01547-0

         id: cord-292643-n6xp5mlz
     author: Hall, Richard J.
      title: Evaluation of rapid and simple techniques for the enrichment of viruses prior to metagenomic virus discovery
       date: 2013-09-13
      words: 4803.0
  sentences: 219.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 44.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-292643-n6xp5mlz.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-292643-n6xp5mlz.txt
    summary: The relative abundance of a virus (or viral nucleic acid) in a sample, compared to that of other organisms such as bacteria or host cells (or their genomes), is a critical factor for the discovery of viruses when using metagenomics. A study on human liver tissue compared enrichment techniques of freeze-thaw, centrifugation and nuclease-treatment for the detection of Hepatitis C Virus using both Roche 454 and Illumina high-throughput sequencing platforms (Daly et al., 2011) . After an initial 10 min reverse transcription step at 45 • C and 10 min denaturation Table 1 Virus enrichment process prior to sequencing in metagenomic studies on human and animal samples. This artificial sample represents a starting point to evaluate simple and rapid viral enrichment methods for use in virus metagenomics studies that seek to detect a virus that is causing disease in humans or animals.
   abstract: The discovery of new or divergent viruses using metagenomics and high-throughput sequencing has become more commonplace. The preparation of a sample is known to have an effect on the representation of virus sequences within the metagenomic dataset yet comparatively little attention has been given to this. Physical enrichment techniques are often applied to samples to increase the number of viral sequences and therefore enhance the probability of detection. With the exception of virus ecology studies, there is a paucity of information available to researchers on the type of sample preparation required for a viral metagenomic study that seeks to identify an aetiological virus in an animal or human diagnostic sample. A review of published virus discovery studies revealed the most commonly used enrichment methods, that were usually quick and simple to implement, namely low-speed centrifugation, filtration, nuclease-treatment (or combinations of these) which have been routinely used but often without justification. These were applied to a simple and well-characterised artificial sample composed of bacterial and human cells, as well as DNA (adenovirus) and RNA viruses (influenza A and human enterovirus), being either non-enveloped capsid or enveloped viruses. The effect of the enrichment method was assessed by both quantitative real-time PCR and metagenomic analysis that incorporated an amplification step. Reductions in the absolute quantities of bacteria and human cells were observed for each method as determined by qPCR, but the relative abundance of viral sequences in the metagenomic dataset remained largely unchanged. A 3-step method of centrifugation, filtration and nuclease-treatment showed the greatest increase in the proportion of viral sequences. This study provides a starting point for the selection of a purification method in future virus discovery studies, and highlights the need for more data to validate the effect of enrichment methods on different sample types, amplification, bioinformatics approaches and sequencing platforms. This study also highlights the potential risks that may attend selection of a virus enrichment method without any consideration for the sample type being investigated.
        url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.08.035
        doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.08.035

         id: cord-336012-8klkojpo
     author: Harilal, Divinlal
      title: SARS-CoV-2 Whole Genome Amplification and Sequencing for Effective Population-Based Surveillance and Control of Viral Transmission
       date: 2020-06-18
      words: 3040.0
  sentences: 144.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 45.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-336012-8klkojpo.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-336012-8klkojpo.txt
    summary: Unlike RT-qPCR, SARS-CoV-2 Whole Genome Sequencing (cWGS) has the added advantage of identifying cryptic origins of the virus, and the extent of community-based transmissions versus new viral introductions, which can in turn influence public health policy decisions. Methods We performed shotgun transcriptome sequencing using RNA extracted from nasopharyngeal swabs of patients with COVID-19, and compared it to targeted SARS-CoV-2 full genome amplification and sequencing with respect to virus detection, scalability, and cost-effectiveness. Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequencing is a practical, cost-effective, and powerful approach for population-based surveillance and control of viral transmission in the next phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we show that cWGS is cost-effective and is highly scalable when using a target enrichment sequencing method, and we also demonstrate its utility in tracking the origin of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
   abstract: Background With the gradual reopening of economies and resumption of social life, robust surveillance mechanisms should be implemented to control the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Unlike RT-qPCR, SARS-CoV-2 Whole Genome Sequencing (cWGS) has the added advantage of identifying cryptic origins of the virus, and the extent of community-based transmissions versus new viral introductions, which can in turn influence public health policy decisions. However, practical and cost considerations of cWGS should be addressed before it can be widely implemented. Methods We performed shotgun transcriptome sequencing using RNA extracted from nasopharyngeal swabs of patients with COVID-19, and compared it to targeted SARS-CoV-2 full genome amplification and sequencing with respect to virus detection, scalability, and cost-effectiveness. To track virus origin, we used open-source multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tools to compare the assembled SARS-CoV-2 genomes to publicly available sequences. Results We show a significant improvement in whole genome sequencing data quality and viral detection using amplicon-based target enrichment of SARS-CoV-2. With enrichment, more than 99% of the sequencing reads mapped to the viral genome compared to an average of 0.63% without enrichment. Consequently, a dramatic increase in genome coverage was obtained using significantly less sequencing data, enabling higher scalability and significant cost reductions. We also demonstrate how SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences can be used to determine their possible origin through phylogenetic analysis including other viral strains. Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequencing is a practical, cost-effective, and powerful approach for population-based surveillance and control of viral transmission in the next phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.
        url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.06.138339
        doi: 10.1101/2020.06.06.138339

         id: cord-029201-hkq7wti5
     author: Haukkala, Hiski
      title: Nonpolar Europe? Examining the causes and drivers behind the decline of ordering agents in Europe
       date: 2020-07-15
      words: 8076.0
  sentences: 374.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 54.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-029201-hkq7wti5.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-029201-hkq7wti5.txt
    summary: Taking its cue from International Relations (IR) debates about the effects of polarity (the number of Great Powers) on the evolution of international order (for a chronological lineage, see Waltz 1979; Kegley and Raymond 1994; Mearsheimer 2001; Brooks and Wohlforth 2008; Monteiro 2014) , this article poses the question whether Europe is experiencing not only a period of ''normal'' geopolitical contestation, but could it in fact be in a transition towards a state of affairs where it will become void of Great Powers capable of effectively ordering the continent, let alone the wider world. For Bull, it was indeed the existence of shared institutions, such as balance of power and international law, that formed the basis of what he called Table 1 Key characteristics of a successful ordering agent in international politics Material capability Competence, ability to act Political willingness to act in an ordering role Ideational/ideological foundation for organising principles External appeal/legitimacy of ideas, norms and values promoted ''international society''.
   abstract: Is Europe headed towards nonpolarity? What would that entail for the future stability and security of the continent? Taking its cue from IR debates about the effects of polarity on international order, the article develops conceptual tools and an analytical narrative concerning Europe during the post-Cold War era. It refines the concept of a Great Power by suggesting the notion of ‘ordering agents’ and ponders whether Europe is in danger of drifting towards a period of nonpolarity with no power being able to shoulder the responsibility of ordering and providing good stewardship over Europe.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7360893/
        doi: 10.1057/s41311-020-00257-1

         id: cord-013178-li1x1m25
     author: Hung, Ling-Chu
      title: The Monoclonal Antibody Recognized the Open Reading Frame Protein in Porcine Circovirus Type 2-Infected Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
       date: 2020-08-29
      words: 9764.0
  sentences: 534.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 59.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-013178-li1x1m25.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-013178-li1x1m25.txt
    summary: title: The Monoclonal Antibody Recognized the Open Reading Frame Protein in Porcine Circovirus Type 2-Infected Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells The purpose of this study in the context of the open reading frame 3 (ORF3) protein of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) was especially its location and its relation to the capsid protein and the apoptosis protein in PCV2-infected porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The mAb 7D3 binds to the ORF3 peptide (residues 35–66) and the native ORF3 protein in PCV2-infected PBMCs, as shown by immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Overall, this study provides a blueprint to explore the ORF3 protein in PCV2-infected PBMCs. The Porcine circovirus (PCV) is a small virus and contains closed circular single-stranded DNA [1] . For these purposes, this study used the commercial capsid antigen-ELISA and homemade ORF3 protein-ELISA (anti-N1 polyclonal antibodies and mAb 7D3 based) to detect viral proteins in pig blood.
   abstract: The purpose of this study in the context of the open reading frame 3 (ORF3) protein of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) was especially its location and its relation to the capsid protein and the apoptosis protein in PCV2-infected porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). To detect the ORF3 protein, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were generated in this study. The mAb 7D3 binds to the ORF3 peptide (residues 35–66) and the native ORF3 protein in PCV2-infected PBMCs, as shown by immunofluorescence assay (IFA). The data show that 3–5% of PBMCs were positive for ORF3 protein or p53 protein. Further, 78–82% of PBMCs were positive for the capsid. This study confirmed the ORF3 protein not only colocalized with the capsid protein but also colocalized with the p53 protein in PBMCs. Immunoassays were conducted in this study to detect the capsid protein, the ORF3 protein, anti-capsid IgG, and anti-ORF3 IgG. The data show the correlation (r = 0.758) of the ORF3 protein and the capsid protein in the blood samples from the PCV2-infected herd. However, each anti-viral protein IgG had a different curve of the profile in the same herd after vaccination. Overall, this study provides a blueprint to explore the ORF3 protein in PCV2-infected PBMCs.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7551997/
        doi: 10.3390/v12090961

         id: cord-001117-llb4f74a
     author: Ji, Wen-Jie
      title: Spironolactone Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Injury Partially via Modulating Mononuclear Phagocyte Phenotype Switching in Circulating and Alveolar Compartments
       date: 2013-11-19
      words: 4964.0
  sentences: 257.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 34.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-001117-llb4f74a.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-001117-llb4f74a.txt
    summary: Moreover, serial flow cytometry analysis in blood, BALF and enzymatically digested lung tissue, revealed that spironolactone could partially inhibit bleomycin-induced circulating Ly6C(hi) monocyte expansion, and reduce alternative activation (F4/80+CD11c+CD206+) of mononuclear phagocyte in alveoli, whereas the phenotype of interstitial macrophage (F4/80+CD11c-) remained unaffected by spironolactone during investigation. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The present work provides the experimental evidence that spironolactone could attenuate bleomycin-induced acute pulmonary injury and fibrosis, partially via inhibition of MR-mediated circulating monocyte and alveolar macrophage phenotype switching. Based on current evidence, we speculated that pharmacological inhibition of MR with clinically approved drug, may regulate lung macrophage phenotype switching, as well as their progenitors, bone marrow-derived circulating monocytes, and may confer novel therapeutic potential in a murine model of bleomycin-induced acute pulmonary injury and fibrosis.
   abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent experimental studies provide evidence indicating that manipulation of the mononuclear phagocyte phenotype could be a feasible approach to alter the severity and persistence of pulmonary injury and fibrosis. Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) has been reported as a target to regulate macrophage polarization. The present work was designed to investigate the therapeutic potential of MR antagonism in bleomycin-induced acute lung injury and fibrosis. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We first demonstrated the expression of MR in magnetic bead-purified Ly6G-/CD11b+ circulating monocytes and in alveolar macrophages harvested in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from C57BL/6 mice. Then, a pharmacological intervention study using spironolactone (20mg/kg/day by oral gavage) revealed that MR antagonism led to decreased inflammatory cell infiltration, cytokine production (downregulated monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, transforming growth factor β1, and interleukin-1β at mRNA and protein levels) and collagen deposition (decreased lung total hydroxyproline content and collagen positive area by Masson’ trichrome staining) in bleomycin treated (2.5mg/kg, via oropharyngeal instillation) male C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, serial flow cytometry analysis in blood, BALF and enzymatically digested lung tissue, revealed that spironolactone could partially inhibit bleomycin-induced circulating Ly6C(hi) monocyte expansion, and reduce alternative activation (F4/80+CD11c+CD206+) of mononuclear phagocyte in alveoli, whereas the phenotype of interstitial macrophage (F4/80+CD11c-) remained unaffected by spironolactone during investigation. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The present work provides the experimental evidence that spironolactone could attenuate bleomycin-induced acute pulmonary injury and fibrosis, partially via inhibition of MR-mediated circulating monocyte and alveolar macrophage phenotype switching.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3834272/
        doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081090

         id: cord-325484-bd6ba0cp
     author: Johnstone, Phil
      title: World wars and the age of oil: Exploring directionality in deep energy transitions
       date: 2020-09-04
      words: 13103.0
  sentences: 560.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 50.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-325484-bd6ba0cp.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-325484-bd6ba0cp.txt
    summary: This paper contributes to emerging literatures on war and energy transitions [3, 4, [11] [12] [13] , integrating insights from historical and geopolitical literatures with sociotechnical perspectives to understand the role of world war in the 20th century development of the ''age of oil'' [14] . In this paper we combine geopolitical and historical literatures with sociotechnical approaches to understand how the heightened conditions of maintaining abundant and constant supply during the First and Second World Wars influenced the emergence of the ''age of oil'' identified as being a key element in the fourth surge by Perez which forms the culmination of the first deep transition. Building on the DT framework and the recognition of the key rule of maintaining abundant and constant supply during world wars [27] , we build on diverse literatures to build an interpretive account of how the exceptional demand pressures of total war influenced dynamics in multiple sociotechnical systems and the relevance these changes had for oil transitions.
   abstract: This paper explores the role of the world wars in 20th century energy transitions, focusing on the growth of oil as a major energy source which accelerated after the Second World War in North America and Europe. We utilise the recently developed Deep Transitions framework which combines Techno-Economic Paradigms and sociotechnical transitions approaches. The first deep transition entails the long running emergence of industrial modernity since the late 18th century which culminated in the post-Second World War economic ‘golden age’ underpinned by rapid and stable growth and prosperity in North America and Western Europe. The Deep Transitions framework draws attention to the increasing role of fossil fuels over this long period, and how fossil fuel consumption accelerated in the 20th century taking on a particular direction where energy, mobility, and food systems became increasingly reliant on oil while the share of coal as a proportion of the energy mix decreased. This paper integrates sociotechnical, historical and geopolitical literatures to examine how the development of the age of oil was shaped by wartime demand pressures and logistical challenges and the search for new solutions to these challenges in the United States of America and the United Kingdom.
        url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2214629620303078
        doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2020.101732

         id: cord-007383-5yb3dxse
     author: Kang, Jun-Gu
      title: Vaccination with single plasmid DNA encoding IL-12 and antigens of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus elicits complete protection in IFNAR knockout mice
       date: 2020-03-20
      words: nan
  sentences: nan
      pages: 
     flesch: nan
      cache: 
        txt: 
    summary: 
   abstract: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne disease caused by SFTS virus (SFTSV) infection. Despite a gradual increase of SFTS cases and high mortality in endemic regions, no specific viral therapy nor vaccine is available. Here, we developed a single recombinant plasmid DNA encoding SFTSV genes, Gn and Gc together with NP-NS fusion antigen, as a vaccine candidate. The viral antigens were fused with Fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 ligand (Flt3L) and IL-12 gene was incorporated into the plasmid to enhance cell-mediated immunity. Vaccination with the DNA provides complete protection of IFNAR KO mice upon lethal SFTSV challenge, whereas immunization with a plasmid without IL-12 gene resulted in partial protection. Since we failed to detect antibodies against surface glycoproteins, Gn and Gc, in the immunized mice, antigen-specific cellular immunity, as confirmed by enhanced antigen-specific T cell responses, might play major role in protection. Finally, we evaluated the degree of protective immunity provided by protein immunization of the individual glycoprotein, Gn or Gc. Although both protein antigens induced a significant level of neutralizing activity against SFTSV, Gn vaccination resulted in relatively higher neutralizing activity and better protection than Gc vaccination. However, both antigens failed to provide complete protection. Given that DNA vaccines have failed to induce sufficient immunogenicity in human trials when compared to protein vaccines, optimal combinations of DNA and protein elements, proper selection of target antigens, and incorporation of efficient adjuvant, need to be further investigated for SFTSV vaccine development.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7112229/
        doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007813

         id: cord-309379-ml75kvl5
     author: Kanger, Laur
      title: Emergence, consolidation and dominance of meta-regimes: Exploring the historical evolution of mass production (1765–1972) from the deep transitions perspective
       date: 2020-09-09
      words: 13229.0
  sentences: 631.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 43.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-309379-ml75kvl5.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-309379-ml75kvl5.txt
    summary: Instead of focusing on dominant technologies or common practices the development of mass production is understood as the emergence of a meta-regime, i.e. a set of mutually aligned rules guiding production activities in multiple socio-technical systems. Secondly, given our focus on the engineering dimension, the narrative might somewhat overstate the prominence of USA while downplaying the contribution of different countries to the correlates of mass production in other dimensions (economy, policy, everyday life, culture), e.g. interwar era Soviet experiments with centralized planning as a precursor for large-scale state intervention in the entire Transatlantic region after World War II. These included a shortage of skilled labour (thereby providing incentives for investing in machinery), road and rail network enabling nation-wide markets, fast population growth coupled with rising purchasing power, the emergence and growth of large-scale corporations able to capture various economies of scale, the rise of the engineers as a new and increasingly influential social group but also the American cultural values favouring the development of a highly accelerated society [15,38, pp.
   abstract: Grand environmental and societal challenges have drawn increasing attention to system innovation and socio-technical transitions. A recent Deep Transitions framework has provided a comprehensive theory of the co-evolutionary patterns of multiple socio-technical systems over the last 250 years. However, so far the framework has not been subjected to systematic empirical exploration. In this paper we address this gap by exploring the co-evolutionary model linking niche-level dynamics, transitions in single systems and ‘great surges of development’, as conceptualized by Schot and Kanger (2018) [1]. For this purpose, we conduct a case study on the historical evolution of mass production in the Transatlantic region from 1765 to 1972. Instead of focusing on dominant technologies or common practices the development of mass production is understood as the emergence of a meta-regime, i.e. a set of mutually aligned rules guiding production activities in multiple socio-technical systems. The results broadly confirm the overall model but also enable to extend the Deep Transitions framework by uncovering new mechanisms and patterns in the variation, diffusion and contestation of meta-regimes.
        url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101393
        doi: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101393

         id: cord-343740-vcys2q2t
     author: Kawachi, Ichiro
      title: COVID-19 and the ‘rediscovery’ of health inequities
       date: 2020-09-24
      words: 2375.0
  sentences: 122.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 53.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-343740-vcys2q2t.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-343740-vcys2q2t.txt
    summary: The social epidemiology of disaster shows that socio-economically disadvantaged groups are both more likely to be exposed to disaster (because they live in disaster-prone areas or live in structurally unsound houses) and more likely to suffer the consequences of exposure (because they suffer disproportionately from preexisting morbidity, making them vulnerable to problems such as the interruption of services that follow inevitably in the wake of disaster). Compounding the misery of Covid-19 morbidity and mortality, the public health response to the pandemic has come at the cost of a sharp global economic contraction. It may turn out to be the case that lockdowns produce a net health equity gain by saving the lives of the most vulnerable segments of the workforce (especially if adequate social protections are in place to mitigate the consequences of job loss). Global, regional, and national estimates of the population at increased risk of severe COVID-19 due to underlying health conditions in 2020: a modelling study
   abstract: nan
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32974663/
        doi: 10.1093/ije/dyaa159

         id: cord-287807-4aee9wbu
     author: Kennedy, J. L.
      title: Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel WU Polyomavirus Isolate from Arkansas, USA, Associated with Acute Respiratory Infection
       date: 2017-01-12
      words: 913.0
  sentences: 58.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 53.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-287807-4aee9wbu.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-287807-4aee9wbu.txt
    summary: title: Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel WU Polyomavirus Isolate from Arkansas, USA, Associated with Acute Respiratory Infection We report here the complete genome sequence of a WU polyomavirus (WUPyV) isolate, also known as human polyomavirus 4, collected in 2016 from a patient in Arkansas with an acute respiratory infection. An Illumina stranded-RNA sequencing library was created from isolated RNA (Zymo Direct-zol; Zymo Research, USA), and hybridization-based enrichment was performed using the University of New Mexico (UNM) ResVir (respiratory viral) panel probe set designed to be complementary to coding sequence regions of 24 human respiratory viruses. The whole-genome sequence of the hPyV4/USA/AR001/2016 isolate has been deposited in GenBank under the accession number KX787894. Identification of a novel polyomavirus from patients with acute respiratory tract infections Presence of the newly discovered human polyomaviruses KI and WU in Australian patients with acute respiratory tract infection Complete genome sequence of a novel human WU polyomavirus isolate associated with acute respiratory infection
   abstract: We report here the complete genome sequence of a WU polyomavirus (WUPyV) isolate, also known as human polyomavirus 4, collected in 2016 from a patient in Arkansas with an acute respiratory infection. Isolate hPyV4/USA/AR001/2016 has a double-stranded DNA genome of 5,229 bp in length.
        url: https://doi.org/10.1128/genomea.01452-16
        doi: 10.1128/genomea.01452-16

         id: cord-018839-yfaji9cv
     author: Kim, Yong-kyun
      title: Disaster Theory
       date: 2017-07-11
      words: 17977.0
  sentences: 726.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 37.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-018839-yfaji9cv.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-018839-yfaji9cv.txt
    summary: 
   abstract: To find a conclusive definition for contemporary purposes and uses, we look at many of the various definitions of disasters through cataclysmic events, historical records, public policies, laws, and organizational usage. Our natural progression leads us to modern theories of disaster and Disaster Risk Management (DRM) that have had to tackle new types of disasters that are being brought about by the interconnectivity of societies, people, diseases, technology, etc., increasing in magnitude and complexity like what was seen in Fukushima, Japan, in 2011 and on-setting disasters like climate change. After looking at all the historical evidence, we come to a definition for the term disaster for modern usage and what it means for policy implications.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123823/
        doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-4789-3_2

         id: cord-321800-0h28pg3b
     author: Klingelhöfer, Doris
      title: Coronavirus: An insight into global research until outbreak of COVID-19 and its implications for the future
       date: 2020-09-23
      words: 6119.0
  sentences: 337.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 55.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-321800-0h28pg3b.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-321800-0h28pg3b.txt
    summary: RESULTS: The trend in publication and citation numbers shows the strong influence of the past pandemics SARS and MERS with an untypical decline afterward. The current extremely rapid global spread of SARS-CoV-2 has led to the highly dangerous outbreak of the pandemic CoVID-19 with daily increasing numbers of new infections and deaths around the world. Additionally, socio-economic, scientific and epidemiological parameters were related to the publication numbers to obtain an even more meaningful picture of the global landscape of CoV research. The resulting scientific interest and the possible in-si-VIEWPOINTS RESEARCH THEME 1: COVID-19 PANDEMIC tu investigation of the cases caused the publication figures to rise at the beginning of the SARS disease and to fall rapidly thereafter. Here, the USA and China are the highest-ranking countries, demonstrating their overall interest in CoV research and also focusing on the MERS pandemic, despite the relatively low case numbers.
   abstract: BACKGROUND: The currently prevailing global threat of COVID-19 caused the publication numbers on coronaviruses to explode. The awareness of the scientific and public community is enormous. But what about the sense of all these undertakings and what can be learned about the future for a better understanding? These questions were answered with established bibliometric analyses of the time until the avalanche of publications unfolded. METHODS: Chronological, geographical aspects of publication output on coronavirus were also evaluated under the influence of epidemiological and socio-economic parameters. RESULTS: The trend in publication and citation numbers shows the strong influence of the past pandemics SARS and MERS with an untypical decline afterward. Research is becoming increasingly multidisciplinary over time. The USA and China, as the countries with the highest number of publications, are being displaced by other countries in the consideration of socio-economic and epidemiological aspects, which shows the effect of regional interest in corona research. A significant correlation was found between the number of SARS cases per country and related publications, while no correlation was found for MERS cases and articles. CONCLUSIONS: The results underline the need for sustainable and forward-looking approaches that should not end with the containment of COVID-19.
        url: https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.020508
        doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.020508

         id: cord-007425-l9c1x7tb
     author: Klomp, Richard W.
      title: CDC’s Multiple Approaches to Safeguard the Health, Safety, and Resilience of Ebola Responders
       date: 2019-12-10
      words: 4212.0
  sentences: 216.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 44.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-007425-l9c1x7tb.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-007425-l9c1x7tb.txt
    summary: A small subset of non-clinical deployers also participated in a three-day training designed in collaboration with the Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress (CSTS; Bethesda, Maryland USA) to train individuals to assess and address the well-being and resilience of themselves and their teammates in the field during a deployment. Senior CDC leadership tasked their Office of Safety, Security, and Asset Management''s (OSSAM) WorkLife Wellness Office (WWO) to set up a pre-deployment screening process to reduce the likelihood of deploying someone at-risk of negative mental health outcomes in an emergency response. 7 The CSTS also recommended that the CDC consider using Psychological First Aid (PFA) as the foundation for its resilience-supporting training initiative; 8 PFA could be described as a pragmatic, evidence-informed, public health or population-based framework designed to help non-clinicians organize a response to trauma at the individual or community level.
   abstract: Over 27,000 people were sickened by Ebola and over 11,000 people died between March of 2014 and June of 2016. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC; Atlanta, Georgia USA) was one of many public health organizations that sought to stop this outbreak. This agency deployed almost 2,000 individuals to West Africa during that timeframe. Deployment to these countries exposed these individuals to a wide variety of dangers, stressors, and risks. Being concerned about the at-risk populations in Africa, and also the well-being of its professionals who willingly deployed, the CDC did several things to help safeguard the health, safety, and resilience of these team members before, during, and after deployment. The accompanying special report highlights innovative pre-deployment training initiatives, customized screening processes, and post-deployment outreach efforts intended to protect and support the public health professionals fighting Ebola. Before deploying, the CDC team members were expected to participate in both internally-created and externally-provided trainings. These ranged from pre-deployment briefings, to Preparing for Work Overseas (PFWO) and Public Health Readiness Certificate Program (PHRCP) courses, to Incident Command System (ICS) 100, 200, and 400 courses. A small subset of non-clinical deployers also participated in a three-day training designed in collaboration with the Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress (CSTS; Bethesda, Maryland USA) to train individuals to assess and address the well-being and resilience of themselves and their teammates in the field during a deployment. Participants in this unique training were immersed in a Virtual Reality Environment (VRE) that simulated deployment to one of seven different types of emergencies. The CDC leadership also requested a pre-deployment screening process that helped professionals in the CDC’s Occupational Health Clinic (OHC) determine whether or not individuals were at an increased risk of negative outcomes by participating in a rigorous deployment at that time. When deployers returned from the field, they received personalized invitations to participate in a voluntary, confidential, post-deployment operational debriefing one-on-one or in a group. Implementing these approaches provided more information to clinical decision makers about the readiness of deployers. It provided deployers with a greater awareness of the kinds of challenges they were likely to face in the field. The post-deployment outreach efforts reminded staff that their contributions were appreciated and there were resources available if they needed help processing any of the potentially-traumatizing things they may have experienced.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7113416/
        doi: 10.1017/s1049023x19005144

         id: cord-019032-vdiaexbw
     author: Kshetri, Nir
      title: China
       date: 2020
      words: 18992.0
  sentences: 1253.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 67.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-019032-vdiaexbw.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-019032-vdiaexbw.txt
    summary: Regarded as the steward of the Chinese economy, Li has aimed to focus on securing China''s long-term expansion and on the further provision of basic national health care, affordable housing, employment growth, regional development and cleaner energy. China is the world''s third largest exporter of arms after the USA and Russia, with 6Á2% of the global major weapons total over the period 2012-16. GDP growth declined to 6Á9% in 2015 (the slowest rate in 25 years) and fell again to 6Á7% in 2016 as China attempted to reduce its reliance on exports, increase domestic consumption and develop its service sector. China''s economy overheated in the early 1990s, leading to inflation rates of 14Á7% in 1993, 24Á1% in 1994 and 17Á1% in 1995 Of the total revenues in 2015 central government accounted for 6,926Á7bn.
   abstract: nan
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124077/
        doi: 10.1057/978-1-349-95940-2_49

         id: cord-311214-eqwxkwqa
     author: Kumar, Roshan
      title: Comparative Genomic Analysis of Rapidly Evolving SARS-CoV-2 Viruses Reveal Mosaic Pattern of Phylogeographical Distribution
       date: 2020-04-16
      words: 2724.0
  sentences: 184.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 60.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-311214-eqwxkwqa.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-311214-eqwxkwqa.txt
    summary: Through the construction of SARS-CoV-2-human interactome, we further revealed that multiple host proteins (PHB, PPP1CA, TGF-β, SOCS3, STAT3, JAK1/2, SMAD3, BCL2, CAV1 & SPECC1) are manipulated by the viral proteins (nsp2, PL-PRO, N-protein, ORF7a, M-S-ORF3a complex, nsp7-nsp8-nsp9-RdRp complex) for mediating host immune evasion. A manually annotated reference database was generated using the Genbank 128 file of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 isolate-SARS-CoV-129 2/SH01/human/2020/CHN (Accession number: MT121215) and open reading frames (ORFs) 130 were predicted against the formatted database using prokka (-gcode 1) [22] . All these isolates 189 were found to harbor 9 open reading frames coding for ORF1a (13218 bp) and ORF1b (7788 190 bp) polyproteins, surface glycoprotein or S-protein (3822 bp), ORF3a protein (828 bp Our analysis revealed that strains of human infecting SARS-CoV-2 are novel and highly 201 identical (>99.9%). In this study, the analysis was 358 performed on the genomes of the novel SARS-CoV-2 isolates recently reported from different 359 countries to understand viral pathogenesis.
   abstract: The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) that started in Wuhan, China in December 2019 has spread worldwide emerging as a global pandemic. The severe respiratory pneumonia caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 has so far claimed more than 60,000 lives and has impacted human lives worldwide. However, as the novel SARS-CoV-2 displays high transmission rates, their underlying genomic severity is required to be fully understood. We studied the complete genomes of 95 SARS-CoV-2 strains from different geographical regions worldwide to uncover the pattern of the spread of the virus. We show that there is no direct transmission pattern of the virus among neighboring countries suggesting that the outbreak is a result of travel of infected humans to different countries. We revealed unique single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in nsp13-16 (ORF1b polyprotein) and S-Protein within 10 viral isolates from the USA. These viral proteins are involved in RNA replication, indicating highly evolved viral strains circulating in the population of USA than other countries. Furthermore, we found an amino acid addition in nsp16 (mRNA cap-1 methyltransferase) of the USA isolate (MT188341) leading to shift in amino acid frame from position 2540 onwards. Through the construction of SARS-CoV-2-human interactome, we further revealed that multiple host proteins (PHB, PPP1CA, TGF-β, SOCS3, STAT3, JAK1/2, SMAD3, BCL2, CAV1 & SPECC1) are manipulated by the viral proteins (nsp2, PL-PRO, N-protein, ORF7a, M-S-ORF3a complex, nsp7-nsp8-nsp9-RdRp complex) for mediating host immune evasion. Thus, the replicative machinery of SARS-CoV-2 is fast evolving to evade host challenges which need to be considered for developing effective treatment strategies.
        url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.25.006213
        doi: 10.1101/2020.03.25.006213

         id: cord-293747-ds8rhbkv
     author: Lani, Rafidah
      title: Antiviral activity of silymarin against chikungunya virus
       date: 2015-06-16
      words: 5074.0
  sentences: 254.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 51.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-293747-ds8rhbkv.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-293747-ds8rhbkv.txt
    summary: Three compounds: silymarin, quercetin and kaempferol were evaluated for their in vitro antiviral activities against CHIKV using a CHIKV replicon cell line and clinical isolate of CHIKV of Central/East African genotype. A cytopathic effect inhibition assay was used to determine their activities on CHIKV viral replication and quantitative reverse transcription PCR was used to calculate virus yield. Different non-cytotoxic concentrations of silymarin, kaempferol and quercetin were tested on CHIKV-infected Vero cells to find the effective compound. To confirm the post-entry antiviral activity of silymarin against CHIKV a virus yield assay using qRT-PCR was used. In contrast, dose-dependent reduction of amounts of nsP1, nsP3 and E2 proteins was observed (Fig. 6) indicating that silymarin limited CHIKV replication and virus-encoded protein synthesis within the treated cells. However, as in virus expression and replicon cell lines the synthesis of viral RNAs and proteins are coupled further study is necessary to evaluate the direct effect of silymarin on inhibition of newly synthesized CHIKV proteins.
   abstract: The mosquito-borne chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes chikungunya fever, with clinical presentations such as severe back and small joint pain, and debilitating arthritis associated with crippling pains that persist for weeks and even years. Although there are several studies to evaluate the efficacy of drugs against CHIKV, the treatment for chikungunya fever is mainly symptom-based and no effective licensed vaccine or antiviral are available. Here, we investigated the antiviral activity of three types of flavonoids against CHIKV in vitro replication. Three compounds: silymarin, quercetin and kaempferol were evaluated for their in vitro antiviral activities against CHIKV using a CHIKV replicon cell line and clinical isolate of CHIKV of Central/East African genotype. A cytopathic effect inhibition assay was used to determine their activities on CHIKV viral replication and quantitative reverse transcription PCR was used to calculate virus yield. Antiviral activity of effective compound was further investigated by evaluation of CHIKV protein expression using western blotting for CHIKV nsP1, nsP3, and E2E1 proteins. Briefly, silymarin exhibited significant antiviral activity against CHIKV, reducing both CHIKV replication efficiency and down-regulating production of viral proteins involved in replication. This study may have important consequence for broaden the chance of getting the effective antiviral for CHIKV infection.
        url: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep11421
        doi: 10.1038/srep11421

         id: cord-350379-6l55soxu
     author: Lee, Jenny J.
      title: Scientific globalism during a global crisis: research collaboration and open access publications on COVID-19
       date: 2020-07-24
      words: 6225.0
  sentences: 283.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 41.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-350379-6l55soxu.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-350379-6l55soxu.txt
    summary: Thus, this study specifically focused on internationally authored scientific articles on COVID-19 published at the beginning of January 2020 to early May 2020 to observe the extent of international collaboration and open access compared with (a) the past five pre-pandemic years and (b) non-COVID-19 articles published during the same 2020 time period. This study sought to explore the nature of scientific globalism, as measured by the extent of scientific research collaboration and open-access articles on COVID-19 and how they compare to non-COVID-19 research (a) during the pandemic as well as (b) the past five pre-pandemic years. In other words countries with a higher GDP, already producing a high domestic output, which also tend to be in restricted journals, may not engage in as much scientific globalism (via international collaboration and open-access publishing) compared with their lower GDP counterparts.
   abstract: This study sought to understand the nature of scientific globalism during a global crisis, particularly COVID-19. Findings show that scientific globalism occurs differently when comparing COVID-19 publications with non-COVID-19 publications during as well as before the pandemic. Despite the tense geopolitical climate, countries increased their proportion of international collaboration and open-access publications during the pandemic. However, not all countries engaged more globally. Countries that have been more impacted by the crisis and those with relatively lower GDPs tended to participate more in scientific globalism than their counterparts.
        url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-020-00589-0
        doi: 10.1007/s10734-020-00589-0

         id: cord-024047-wg7hew1b
     author: Lennox, Angela M.
      title: Equipment for Exotic Mammal and Reptile Diagnostics and Surgery
       date: 2006-06-29
      words: 2009.0
  sentences: 127.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 44.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-024047-wg7hew1b.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-024047-wg7hew1b.txt
    summary: Exotic practitioners use standard or modified veterinary and human equipment, and now even enjoy the benefit of specialized products manufactured specifically for exotic pet practice. Today, equipment is modified from what is available for human or traditional pet medicine, or even manufactured specifically for exotic patients. Blood sample collection techniques used for exotic mammals and reptiles are modified from traditional pet medicine and utilize a variety of needles, syringes, and other collection devices and containers. The endoscope and light source are the minimum equipment required for visualization of the oral cavity, ear canal, and nasal cavity of small exotic mammals (Fig 2) . Recently, a vessel heat-sealing device has been described for use in small exotic patients. The device can be used via a diagnostic port for endoscopic surgeries, but is currently too large for traditional small exotic endoscopy equipment. Preparation and equipment useful for surgery in small exotic pets
   abstract: The practice of veterinary medicine is facilitated by appropriate equipment, and exotic pet medicine is no exception. Exotic practitioners use standard or modified veterinary and human equipment, and now even enjoy the benefit of specialized products manufactured specifically for exotic pet practice.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7185823/
        doi: 10.1053/j.jepm.2006.02.005

         id: cord-001383-hww0watl
     author: Li, Wenchao
      title: Self-Assembly and Release of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus-Like Particles in an Insect Cell-Baculovirus System and Their Immunogenicity in Mice and Goats
       date: 2014-08-12
      words: nan
  sentences: nan
      pages: 
     flesch: nan
      cache: 
        txt: 
    summary: 
   abstract: Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute, febrile, viral disease of small ruminants that has a significant economic impact. For many viral diseases, vaccination with virus-like particles (VLPs) has shown considerable promise as a prophylactic approach; however, the processes of assembly and release of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) VLPs are not well characterized, and their immunogenicity in the host is unknown. In this study, VLPs of PPRV were generated in a baculovirus system through simultaneous expression of PPRV matrix (M) protein and hemaglutin in (H) or fusion (F) protein. The released VLPs showed morphology similar to that of the native virus particles. Subcutaneous injection of these VLPs (PPRV-H, PPRV-F) into mice and goats elicited PPRV-specific IgG production, increased the levels of virus neutralizing antibodies, and promoted lymphocyte proliferation. Without adjuvants, the immune response induced by the PPRV-H VLPs was comparable to that obtained using equivalent amounts of PPRV vaccine. Thus, our results demonstrated that VLPs containing PPRV M protein and H or F protein are potential “differentiating infected from vaccinated animals” (DIVA) vaccine candidates for the surveillance and eradication of PPR.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4130610/
        doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104791

         id: cord-006771-n1w56x2m
     author: Liu, Chien-Ying
      title: Apoptotic neutrophils undergoing secondary necrosis induce human lung epithelial cell detachment
       date: 2003-10-17
      words: 4661.0
  sentences: 264.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 33.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-006771-n1w56x2m.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-006771-n1w56x2m.txt
    summary: title: Apoptotic neutrophils undergoing secondary necrosis induce human lung epithelial cell detachment However, the apoptosing neutrophil-induced detachment of airway epithelial cells was completely abrogated by exogenous SLPI, a specific inhibitor of serine proteinases ( fig. To determine whether early apoptotic neutrophils release functional elastase, we examined elastase activity in supernatant from the annexin V-selected fraction cultured in vitro, and the data revealed that elastase activity continually increased with time ( fig. Our study demonstrates that early apoptotic neutrophils induce lung epithelial cell detachment. Furthermore, the timing of this release correlates with the progression of early apoptotic neutrophils to secondary necrosis and lung epithelial cell detachment in vitro. On the other hand, SLPI, one of the endogenous serine proteinase-specific antiproteinase defenses, abrogates both live, activated neutrophil-and apoptosing neutrophil-induced lung epithelial cell detachment. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that apoptosing neutrophils release, at least, functional elastase activity during secondary necrosis and induce a cytotoxic effect on airway epithelial cells.
   abstract: Clearance of apoptotic neutrophils by alveolar macrophages plays an important role in the resolution phase of lung inflammation. If not cleared, apoptotic neutrophils are postulated to release histotoxic granular contents. Since numerous cellular proteins are degraded during apoptosis, we sought to determine whether functional serine proteinases are indeed released by apoptosing neutrophils in vitro. In a coculture system, cytokine-activated neutrophils induced detachment in the human epithelial cell line, A549. This process was CD18- and serine proteinase-dependent. Early apoptotic neutrophils induced significant detachment, but live, senescent, resting neutrophils and terminal, secondary necrotic neutrophils had a different effect. This detachment process was CD18-independent but serine proteinase-dependent. Similarly, detachment occurred with primary human small airway epithelial cells. Notably, epithelial cell detachment correlated with the transition of early apoptotic neutrophils to secondary necrosis and with the accumulation of elastase in the supernatant. The membrane integrity of lung epithelial cells was damaged in advance of significant cell detachment. These observations suggest that not only live activated neutrophils but also apoptosing neutrophils can reveal functional elastase activities. Furthermore, the rapidity of the transition emphasizes the importance of the prompt clearance of apoptotic neutrophils before they progress to secondary necrosis at the site of lung inflammation.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7102366/
        doi: 10.1007/bf02256327

         id: cord-270425-1ughypnx
     author: Louis-Jean, James
      title: Coronavirus (COVID-19) and Racial Disparities: a Perspective Analysis
       date: 2020-10-06
      words: nan
  sentences: nan
      pages: 
     flesch: nan
      cache: 
        txt: 
    summary: 
   abstract: Health disparity refers to systematic differences in health outcomes between groups and communities based on socioeconomic isolation. In the USA, health disparities among minority groups, especially African Americans, limit their access to quality medical care and other beneficial resources and services. Presently, the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) highlights the extreme healthcare challenges that exist in the African American and other minority communities in the USA. African Americans are dying at a rate nearly four times higher than the national average. With inadequate access to quality healthcare, viable resources, and information, COVID-19 will continue to have a disastrous effect on African American communities. This communication provides a brief overview of the health inequalities resulting in African Americans dying disproportionately during the COVID-19 pandemic.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33025419/
        doi: 10.1007/s40615-020-00879-4

         id: cord-321346-epsp3bbm
     author: Luppa, Peter B.
      title: Point-of-care testing (POCT): Current techniques and future perspectives
       date: 2011-03-21
      words: 4891.0
  sentences: 273.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 47.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-321346-epsp3bbm.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-321346-epsp3bbm.txt
    summary: In contrast to this centralization and increased efficiency in laboratory diagnostics, there has been a recent trend towards a more decentralized diagnostic analysis, so-called point-of-care testing (POCT), which occurs directly at patientsÕ beds, in operating theatres or outpatient clinics, or at sites of accidents. Clinical pathology as a discipline needs to be responsible for this field, since adherence to quality-management systems ensures accurate, reliable biochemical-test results for optimal patient care and safety, regardless of whether the individual test is performed in a central laboratory or as POCT at the bedside [2] . These instruments are generally more complex than unit-use machines and use different analytical principles [1] : spectrophotometric substrate and enzyme-activity measurement; hematological particle counting; immunoassay; and, sensor-based blood-gas analysis tailored for special POCT applications.
   abstract: Point-of-care testing (POCT) is a laboratory-medicine discipline that is evolving rapidly in analytical scope and clinical application. In this review, we first describe the state of the art of medical-laboratory tests that can be performed near the patient. At present, POCT ranges from basic blood-glucose measurement to complex viscoelastic coagulation assays. POCT shortens the time to clinical decision-making about additional testing or therapy, as delays are no longer caused by transport and preparation of clinical samples, and biochemical-test results are rapidly available at the point of care. Improved medical outcome and lower costs may ensue. Recent, evolving technological advances enable the development of novel POCT instruments. We review the underlying analytical techniques. If new instruments are not yet in practical use, it is often hard to decide whether the underlying analytical principle has real advantage over former methods. However, future utilization of POCT also depends on health-care trends and new areas of application. But, even today, it can be assumed that, for certain applications, near-patient testing is a useful complement to conventional laboratory analyses.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32287536/
        doi: 10.1016/j.trac.2011.01.019

         id: cord-248932-i1v2lyd2
     author: Madraki, Golshan
      title: Characterizing and Comparing COVID-19 Misinformation Across Languages, Countries and Platforms
       date: 2020-10-13
      words: 6827.0
  sentences: 399.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 50.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-248932-i1v2lyd2.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-248932-i1v2lyd2.txt
    summary: Our multi-cultural and multilingual team observed that the nature of COVID-19 misinformation on social media varied in substantial ways across different languages/countries depending on the cultures, beliefs/religions, popularity of social media, types of platforms, freedom of speech and the power of people versus governments. In this paper, COVID-19 misinformation, broadly defined to include disinformation and mal-information as well, will be investigated within multiple languages (Chinese, English, and Farsi) about multiple countries (China, Iran, and the USA) on different social media platforms. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to examine the multilingual social media landscape by using the opportunistic sampling method to collect a dataset of verified and viral COVID-19 misinformation across 3 languages: Chinese, English, and Farsi. Our multicultural and multilingual team observed that the nature of COVID-19 misinformation on social media varies in substantial ways across different languages/countries depending on the cultures, beliefs, religions, popularity of social media, types of platforms, freedom of speech, the power of people versus governments, etc.
   abstract: Misinformation/disinformation about COVID-19 has been rampant on social media around the world. In this study, we investigate COVID-19 misinformation/ disinformation on social media in multiple languages - Farsi (Persian), Chinese, and English, about multiple countries - Iran, China, and the United States (US), and on multiple platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, Weibo, and WhatsApp. Misinformation, especially about a global pandemic, is a global problem yet it is common for studies of COVID-19 misinformation on social media to focus on a single language, like English, a single country, like the US, or a single platform, like Twitter. We utilized opportunistic sampling to compile 200 specific items of viral and yet debunked misinformation across these languages, countries and platforms emerged between January 1 and August 31. We then categorized this collection based both on the topics of the misinformation and the underlying roots of that misinformation. Our multi-cultural and multilingual team observed that the nature of COVID-19 misinformation on social media varied in substantial ways across different languages/countries depending on the cultures, beliefs/religions, popularity of social media, types of platforms, freedom of speech and the power of people versus governments. We observe that politics is at the root of most of the collected misinformation across all three languages in this dataset. We further observe the different impact of government restrictions on platforms and platform restrictions on content in Iran, China, and the US and their impact on a key question of our age: how do we control misinformation without silencing the voices we need to hold governments accountable?
        url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.06455v2.pdf
        doi: nan

         id: cord-258468-52gej3co
     author: Marcekova, Zuzana
      title: Heterologous expression of full-length capsid protein of porcine circovirus 2 in Escherichia coli and its potential use for detection of antibodies
       date: 2009-08-05
      words: 6991.0
  sentences: 326.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 53.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-258468-52gej3co.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-258468-52gej3co.txt
    summary: title: Heterologous expression of full-length capsid protein of porcine circovirus 2 in Escherichia coli and its potential use for detection of antibodies coli-expressed Cap protein to self-assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs), the immunization of mice with recombinant Cap yielded antibodies with the same specificity as those raised against native PCV 2 virions. In addition, the antigenic properties of the purified Cap protein were employed in a subunit-based indirect ELISA to monitor the levels of PCV 2 specific antibodies in piglets originating from a herd which was experiencing PCV 2 infection. In order to eliminate the cluster of rare codons from the 5 end of the cap gene, the expression vector encoding a truncated variant of Cap protein ( Cap-His), which was lacking the first 16 amino acid residues, was constructed (Fig. 1B) . In summary, a bacterial expression system has been developed for the production of the full-length recombinant capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 2.
   abstract: A capsid protein of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV 2) serves as a diagnostic antigen for the detection of PCV 2-associated disease known as a postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). In this report, a bacterial expression system was developed for the expression and purification of the full-length PCV 2 capsid (Cap) protein from a codon-optimized cap gene. Replacement of rare arginine codons located at the 5′ end of the cap reading frame with codons optimal for E. coli was found to overcome the poor expression of the viral protein in the prokaryotic system. The Cap protein was purified to greater than 95% homogeneity by using a single cation-exchange chromatography at a yield of 10 mg per litre of bacterial culture. Despite the failure of the E. coli-expressed Cap protein to self-assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs), the immunization of mice with recombinant Cap yielded antibodies with the same specificity as those raised against native PCV 2 virions. In addition, the antigenic properties of the purified Cap protein were employed in a subunit-based indirect ELISA to monitor the levels of PCV 2 specific antibodies in piglets originating from a herd which was experiencing PCV 2 infection. These results pave the way for a straightforward large-scale production of the recombinant PCV 2 capsid protein and its use as a diagnostic antigen or a PCV 2 subunit vaccine.
        url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0166093409003541
        doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.07.028

         id: cord-270143-muxrxvyo
     author: Markotter, Wanda
      title: Paramyxo- and Coronaviruses in Rwandan Bats
       date: 2019-07-02
      words: 4897.0
  sentences: 254.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 49.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-270143-muxrxvyo.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-270143-muxrxvyo.txt
    summary: A high diversity of coronaand paramyxoviruses have been detected in different bat species at study sites worldwide, including Africa, however no biosurveillance studies from Rwanda have been reported. In this study, samples from bats collected from caves in Ruhengeri, Rwanda, were tested for the presence of coronaand paramyxoviral RNA using reverse transcription PCR assays. Although several surveillance studies have been implemented to detect potential zoonotic viruses in bats, including from countries in the Congo basin and East Africa, limited information is available for Rwanda. Confirmation of species identification of bats, in which viral RNA was detected, was performed by amplifying the cytochrome b (cyt b) or cytochrome oxidase one (COI) gene region and determining the DNA sequence. aegyptiacus-derived viral sequence (BatPV/Rou_aeg/UP438/RWA/2008) grouped within a Henipavirus-related clade and was near identical to a paramyxoviral sequence detected in the same host species previously reported from Kenya [36] .
   abstract: A high diversity of corona- and paramyxoviruses have been detected in different bat species at study sites worldwide, including Africa, however no biosurveillance studies from Rwanda have been reported. In this study, samples from bats collected from caves in Ruhengeri, Rwanda, were tested for the presence of corona- and paramyxoviral RNA using reverse transcription PCR assays. Positive results were further characterized by DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. In addition to morphological identification of bat species, we also did molecular confirmation of species identities, contributing to the known genetic database available for African bat species. We detected a novel Betacoronavirus in two Geoffroy’s horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus clivosus) bats. We also detected several different paramyxoviral species from various insectivorous bats. One of these viral species was found to be homologous to the genomes of viruses belonging to the Jeilongvirus genus. Additionally, a Henipavirus-related sequence was detected in an Egyptian rousette fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus). These results expand on the known diversity of corona- and paramyxoviruses and their geographical distribution in Africa.
        url: https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed4030099
        doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed4030099

         id: cord-273833-yf8kt84e
     author: Mejia, Rojelio
      title: Global COVID-19 Efforts as the Platform to Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals
       date: 2020-08-20
      words: 2544.0
  sentences: 140.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 50.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-273833-yf8kt84e.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-273833-yf8kt84e.txt
    summary: Therefore, and as highlighted by many others, we support the notion that a way forward to eliminate this coronavirus pandemic should include linking COVID-19 control to other tropical or poverty-related diseases. To be successful and achieve the global goals including the control of pandemics such as the one seen from the COVID-19, we must rely on strong leadership leading to impactful public policies and global collaborations, including global COVID-19 vaccinations, and potentially linking them to programs for childhood and adult vaccinations and programs for malaria, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and neglected tropical disease treatments. Accordingly, these virus-related morbidities will add to the many already found in these populations already affected by non-communicable diseases functioning as major risk factors for COVID-19, as well as other infections, including the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). The poor living in urban or rural areas of high-income countries and the most impoverished living in LMICs have increased risk for both COVID-19 and tropical diseases.
   abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In this commentary, we summarize and put into perspective the recent information that highlights the associations between coronavirus disease and poverty. We also bring attention to another dimension that will most likely exacerbate the severity and long-term sequelae of COVID-19 in impoverished populations, that is, the comorbidities and the presence of tropical infections. RECENT FINDINGS: During this first half of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a poverty-related neglected disease on at least two fronts. First, is its significant impact in low-income neighborhoods in the USA, the epicenter of the pandemic. Second, is its emergence in poor urban areas of South America, and now in Asia and Africa. In both fronts, the pandemic is contributing heavily towards the loss of public health gains that we managed to achieve globally during the last two decades. Specifically, any advances made as part of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (United Nations, 2020) is eroding, and for the first time, the number of people entering extreme poverty is increasing. Adding to this descent into poverty are new disruptions in ongoing disease control programs, routine vaccination strategies, and a reduction of capacity building efforts globally. Therefore, and as highlighted by many others, we support the notion that a way forward to eliminate this coronavirus pandemic should include linking COVID-19 control to other tropical or poverty-related diseases. SUMMARY: COVID-19 is slowing or reversing global health and development gains. To be successful and achieve the global goals including the control of pandemics such as the one seen from the COVID-19, we must rely on strong leadership leading to impactful public policies and global collaborations, including global COVID-19 vaccinations, and potentially linking them to programs for childhood and adult vaccinations and programs for malaria, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and neglected tropical disease treatments. Opportunities also include the creation of unique research opportunities and funding models and increase science engagement for international diplomacy. This can only be done with a better understanding of the relationships between coronavirus disease, poverty, and tropical diseases.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32844081/
        doi: 10.1007/s40475-020-00209-y

         id: cord-034165-kf6a8hix
     author: Mendenhall, Emily
      title: The COVID-19 syndemic is not global: context matters
       date: 2020-10-22
      words: 455.0
  sentences: 36.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 57.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-034165-kf6a8hix.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-034165-kf6a8hix.txt
    summary: title: The COVID-19 syndemic is not global: context matters What is driving coronavirus to move through the population in the USA and interact with biological and social factors, however, differs from other contexts. US political failures have driven COVID-19 morbidity and mortality, and this cannot be divorced from our historical legacy of systemic racism 4 or our crisis of political leadership. 5 This matters because in other contexts COVID-19 is not syndemic. Recognising political determinants of health is central to the syndemic construct. By calling the COVID-19 syndemic global, we miss the point of the concept entirely. I do not write this to dampen Horton''s use of the term, as I believe COVID-19 is syndemic in my country (the USA). Recognising failures of wealthy countries is imperative as we think about where global knowledge and power sit within fields like global health.
   abstract: nan
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7581415/
        doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32218-2

         id: cord-351666-q7dqsl7n
     author: Milani, Fabio
      title: COVID-19 outbreak, social response, and early economic effects: a global VAR analysis of cross-country interdependencies
       date: 2020-08-19
      words: 9182.0
  sentences: 548.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 55.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-351666-q7dqsl7n.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-351666-q7dqsl7n.txt
    summary: 2 In my global framework, for each country, COVID-19 cases can affect risk perceptions about the virus, which can trigger a social distancing response. The paper exploits a variety of newly available datasets to study the interrelationship between health shocks originating from the COVID-19 pandemic, people''s real-time perceptions about coronavirus risk, the extent of their social distancing response, and unemployment. 7 In the analysis, the number k * i is also equal to 4, as the vector x * i,t contains the country-specific global counterparts for the same variables in x i,t , i.e., the growth rate of COVID-19 cases, coronavirus risk perceptions, social mobility, and unemployment. Figures 4 and 5 show the impulse response functions for all countries in the sample for the risk perception and social distancing variables to a one-standard-deviation COVID shock originating in Italy.
   abstract: This paper studies the social and economic responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in a large sample of countries. I stress, in particular, the importance of countries’ interconnections to understand the spread of the virus. I estimate a global VAR model and exploit a dataset on existing social connections across country borders. I show that social networks help explain not only the spread of the disease but also cross-country spillovers in perceptions about coronavirus risk and in social distancing behavior. In the early phases of the pandemic, perceptions of coronavirus risk in most countries are affected by pandemic shocks originating in Italy. Later, the USA, Spain, and the UK play sizable roles. Social distancing responses to domestic and global health shocks are heterogeneous; however, they almost always exhibit delays and sluggish adjustments. Unemployment responses vary widely across countries. Unemployment is particularly responsive to health shocks in the USA and Spain, while unemployment fluctuFations are attenuated almost everywhere else.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32839640/
        doi: 10.1007/s00148-020-00792-4

         id: cord-331354-ungzlp6b
     author: Mimkes, J.
      title: Test-adjusted results of mortality for Covid-19 in Germany, USA, UK
       date: 2020-11-04
      words: 1554.0
  sentences: 145.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 75.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-331354-ungzlp6b.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-331354-ungzlp6b.txt
    summary: Our investigations for Germany, USA and UK indicate that deaths do not follow the number of infections, but the positive rate of tests, multiplied by a constant factor F and shifted by about two weeks. These test adjusted results of mortality allow for the estimation of the number of deaths of Covid-19 about two weeks ahead, even in a sharply rising state of the pandemic. Normally, in mortality calculations the series of daily deaths (D k + L) follows the series of daily infections (I k) by a time lag (L) and is smaller by the case fatality ratio CFR, D k + L = CFR * I k. The daily test volume T k and the daily positive rate of infections P k are given by the Robert-Koch-Institute, in figs. In UK, the test adjusted infection data (I k / T k) also lead to a realistic prediction of the death series of the Covid-19 pandemic ( fig.
   abstract: In a disease, where all infected persons show symptoms, it is reasonable to calculate mortality by case to fatality rate CFR. Deaths follow infections by a certain time lag. However, in the Covid-19 pandemic many infectious patients show no or hardly any symptoms. The reported infections and deaths do not run parallel, but diverge with the volume of tests. Our investigations for Germany, USA and UK indicate that deaths do not follow the number of infections, but the positive rate of tests, multiplied by a constant factor F and shifted by about two weeks. These test adjusted results of mortality allow for the estimation of the number of deaths of Covid-19 about two weeks ahead, even in a sharply rising state of the pandemic. This gives medical authorities two weeks of time to plan for resources.
        url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.03.20225268
        doi: 10.1101/2020.11.03.20225268

         id: cord-035181-l1heb3or
     author: Nagarajan, Kiran Koushik
      title: Prevalence of US-trained International Medical Graduates (IMG) physicians awaiting permanent residency: a quantitative analysis
       date: 2020-10-29
      words: 2385.0
  sentences: 127.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 51.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-035181-l1heb3or.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-035181-l1heb3or.txt
    summary: title: Prevalence of US-trained International Medical Graduates (IMG) physicians awaiting permanent residency: a quantitative analysis CONCLUSIONS: The total number of US-trained immigrant physicians in active practice awaiting permanent residency to the USA is estimated to be ranging between 14,710 and 16,189. We formulated a stepwise approach to the problem, by first quantifying the number of non-US IMGs (International Medical Graduates who were not US citizens), who had sought residency training in the USA, from 2004 until 2020. These numbers were used to get an estimate of physicians who had likely applied for immigrant petitions currently practicing in the USA but were awaiting permanent residency. The 2018 FSMB census data suggested that while the proportion of physicians from China was relatively small and was not quantified, the majority of licensed IMGs that were currently in practice in the US had graduated from medical schools in India, with their numbers being estimated at 50,173 (23%) (Figure 1 ) [15] .
   abstract: BACKGROUND: International Medical Graduates (IMGs) contribute to about 23% of the physician workforce in the USA. Certain US-trained IMGs face long wait times for transitioning to a permanent resident status, which limits their ability to work to fullest capacity, especially during a public health emergency. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the number of US-trained IMGs awaiting permanent residency. STUDY DESIGN: Data were obtained from National Residency Matching Program (NRMP) to quantify the number of IMGs who secured residency training in the US from 2004 to 2020. Estimates of physician demographics were based on NRMP/ECFMG 2014 match data and Federation of State Medical Boards (FSMB) physician census data. RESULTS: Between 2004 and 2020, a total of 57,160 non-US IMGs who were not US citizens successfully matched to residency training programs. Applicants from India and China were noted to be impacted by delays in adjustment to permanent resident status. Per our estimate, there are between 1,460 and 1,959 US-trained physicians from China currently awaiting permanent residency, with applicants waiting since October 2015, and between 13,250 and 14,230 US-trained physicians from India currently awaiting permanent residency, with applicants waiting since June 2009. CONCLUSIONS: The total number of US-trained immigrant physicians in active practice awaiting permanent residency to the USA is estimated to be ranging between 14,710 and 16,189.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7599012/
        doi: 10.1080/20009666.2020.1816274

         id: cord-319884-d8n0aokl
     author: Natesan, Mohan
      title: Protein Microarrays and Biomarkers of Infectious Disease
       date: 2010-12-16
      words: 7088.0
  sentences: 359.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 36.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-319884-d8n0aokl.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-319884-d8n0aokl.txt
    summary: Fluorescencebased detection of protein interactions is similar to gene array methods, and data analysis often employs approaches previously developed for genome and transcription studies. A standard assay for measuring antibody interactions with proteins of the vaccinia proteome microarray was first developed with a pool of therapeutic human sera collected from vaccinia-immune individuals (VIg) and this data was compared to results obtained from individuals vaccinated against smallpox using Dryvax. Results from this study suggested that antibodies from vaccination recognized a small number of proteins shared with pathogenic viral strains, while recovery from infection also involved humoral immunity to antigens uniquely recognized within the monkeypox virus proteome (unpublished data). For example, a protein array produced from the outer membrane proteins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was constructed [38] to study the immune response in patients, and several antibody-binding antigens were identified by this group as potential diagnostic markers.
   abstract: Protein microarrays are powerful tools that are widely used in systems biology research. For infectious diseases, proteome microarrays assembled from proteins of pathogens will play an increasingly important role in discovery of diagnostic markers, vaccines, and therapeutics. Distinct formats of protein microarrays have been developed for different applications, including abundance-based and function-based methods. Depending on the application, design issues should be considered, such as the need for multiplexing and label or label free detection methods. New developments, challenges, and future demands in infectious disease research will impact the application of protein microarrays for discovery and validation of biomarkers.
        url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms11125165
        doi: 10.3390/ijms11125165

         id: cord-287647-0nyquokt
     author: Nemoto, Manabu
      title: The First Detection of Equine Coronavirus in Adult Horses and Foals in Ireland
       date: 2019-10-14
      words: 2715.0
  sentences: 139.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 57.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-287647-0nyquokt.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-287647-0nyquokt.txt
    summary: The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of equine coronavirus (ECoV) in clinical samples submitted to a diagnostic laboratory in Ireland. In contrast in Japan, although an outbreak of diarrhoea occurred among ECoV-infected draft horses at one racecourse [4] [5] [6] , there have been no similar outbreaks subsequently, and all rectal swabs collected from diarrheic Thoroughbred foals were negative. Furthermore, only 2.5% of the rectal swabs collected from healthy foals in the largest Thoroughbred horse breeding region in Japan were positive for ECoV [13] . This study provides the first report of ECoV circulating in Ireland, the third European country with a significant horse industry where the virus has been detected in horses with enteric disease. This is the first report of ECoV detection in faeces samples from both foals and adult horses in Ireland. Low prevalence of equine coronavirus in foals in the largest Thoroughbred horse breeding region of Japan
   abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of equine coronavirus (ECoV) in clinical samples submitted to a diagnostic laboratory in Ireland. A total of 424 clinical samples were examined from equids with enteric disease in 24 Irish counties between 2011 and 2015. A real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to detect ECoV RNA. Nucleocapsid, spike and the region from the p4.7 to p12.7 genes of positive samples were sequenced, and sequence and phylogenetic analyses were conducted. Five samples (1.2%) collected in 2011 and 2013 tested positive for ECoV. Positive samples were collected from adult horses, Thoroughbred foals and a donkey foal. Sequence and/or phylogenetic analysis showed that nucleocapsid, spike and p12.7 genes were highly conserved and were closely related to ECoVs identified in other countries. In contrast, the region from p4.7 and the non-coding region following the p4.7 gene had deletions or insertions. The differences in the p4.7 region between the Irish ECoVs and other ECoVs indicated that the Irish viruses were distinguishable from those circulating in other countries. This is the first report of ECoV detected in both foals and adult horses in Ireland.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31615132/
        doi: 10.3390/v11100946

         id: cord-263453-7v4y02j6
     author: Nishiura, Hiroshi
      title: Early Epidemiological Assessment of the Virulence of Emerging Infectious Diseases: A Case Study of an Influenza Pandemic
       date: 2009-08-31
      words: 5350.0
  sentences: 231.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 55.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-263453-7v4y02j6.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-263453-7v4y02j6.txt
    summary: We first examine the approach by analyzing an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong (2003) with known unbiased cCFR estimate, and then investigate published epidemiological datasets of novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in the USA and Canada (2009). Nevertheless, a much-used crude estimate of the cCFR, i.e. the ratio of the cumulative number of deaths to cases at calendar time t, tends to yield a biased (and mostly underestimated) cCFR due to the time-delay from onset to death [8] ; similar estimates of such a biased cCFR for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) have shown how such estimates can vary substantially as an epidemic progresses, stabilizing only in the later stages of the outbreak [8, 9] . doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006852.g003 Figure 6 shows the time course of biased cCFR estimates in the USA and Canada based on the reporting date of confirmed cases and deaths to the World Health Organization.
   abstract: BACKGROUND: The case fatality ratio (CFR), the ratio of deaths from an infectious disease to the number of cases, provides an assessment of virulence. Calculation of the ratio of the cumulative number of deaths to cases during the course of an epidemic tends to result in a biased CFR. The present study develops a simple method to obtain an unbiased estimate of confirmed CFR (cCFR), using only the confirmed cases as the denominator, at an early stage of epidemic, even when there have been only a few deaths. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Our method adjusts the biased cCFR by a factor of underestimation which is informed by the time from symptom onset to death. We first examine the approach by analyzing an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong (2003) with known unbiased cCFR estimate, and then investigate published epidemiological datasets of novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in the USA and Canada (2009). Because observation of a few deaths alone does not permit estimating the distribution of the time from onset to death, the uncertainty is addressed by means of sensitivity analysis. The maximum likelihood estimate of the unbiased cCFR for influenza may lie in the range of 0.16–4.48% within the assumed parameter space for a factor of underestimation. The estimates for influenza suggest that the virulence is comparable to the early estimate in Mexico. Even when there have been no deaths, our model permits estimating a conservative upper bound of the cCFR. CONCLUSIONS: Although one has to keep in mind that the cCFR for an entire population is vulnerable to its variations among sub-populations and underdiagnosis, our method is useful for assessing virulence at the early stage of an epidemic and for informing policy makers and the public.
        url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0006852
        doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006852

         id: cord-009439-wvlczk62
     author: Park, Hyun-Jun
      title: The essential role of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 2 enzyme in thermal homeostasis upon cold stress
       date: 2020-03-16
      words: 6171.0
  sentences: 341.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 48.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-009439-wvlczk62.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-009439-wvlczk62.txt
    summary: To measure in vivo whole-body and tissuespecific glucose fluxes under feeding-mimicking conditions where insulin and exogenous glucose are supplied, we performed hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies on WT and Fbp2 KO mice as previously reported 23, 30 . A decreased muscle glycogen content (Fig. 3d) and energy metabolism (Fig. 1) in KO mice were observed only after fasting; therefore, we assumed that Fbp2 might have more crucial roles in the severe glycogenolytic condition. Thus, both at room temperature and after 6 h of cold challenge, we conducted experiments using a radioisotope-labeled tracer ( 14 C(U)-lactate) to quantitatively measure the incorporation of lactate into glycogen in the skeletal muscle of WT and Fbp2 KO mice (Fig. 4a) . Although we focused on the relationship between cold tolerance and intramuscular glyconeogenesis, the physiological role of Fbp2 may be extended to other conditions where skeletal muscle glycogen breakdown replenishment is increased.
   abstract: Skeletal muscle is a major organ for glucose disposal and thermogenesis. While hepatic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase is well known as a key enzyme for gluconeogenesis, the role of muscle fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 2 (Fbp2) in glucose disposal and thermogenesis is unknown. Here, using Fbp2 knockout (KO) mice, we assessed the physiological role of Fbp2 in energy and glucose metabolism and thermogenesis. In vivo assessments of energy metabolism, glucose metabolism, and thermogenesis were performed by indirect calorimetry, hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, and cold challenge studies, respectively. Under both feeding and fasting conditions, Fbp2 KO mice showed similar phenotypes regarding energy and glucose metabolism compared to wild-type (WT) mice. However, Fbp2 KO mice were severely intolerant to cold challenge under fasting conditions. Mechanistically, the cold-induced intramuscular conversion of lactate to glycogen (glyconeogenesis) is completely abolished in the KO muscle, which leads to a lack of glycogen source for thermogenesis in Fbp2 KO mice. The cold-intolerant phenotype of KO mice disappeared after feeding, and the KO mice were equally as cold tolerant as the WT mice and survived during the cold challenge for three weeks. Taken together, these data demonstrate that Fbp2 is essential for muscle thermogenesis by replenishing the intramuscular glycogen pool through glyconeogenesis when the exogenous glucose source is limited. These data imply the physiological importance of Fbp2 in thermal homeostasis and suggest a potential novel therapy targeted to increase glycogen replenishment upon cold stress.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7156669/
        doi: 10.1038/s12276-020-0402-4

         id: cord-035277-napw1pxe
     author: Paul, Swarna Kamal
      title: A Multivariate Spatiotemporal Model of COVID-19 Epidemic Using Ensemble of ConvLSTM Networks
       date: 2020-11-11
      words: 2793.0
  sentences: 181.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 62.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-035277-napw1pxe.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-035277-napw1pxe.txt
    summary: A proposed ensemble of convolutional LSTM-based spatiotemporal model can forecast the spread of the epidemic with high resolution and accuracy in a large geographic region. It achieved 5.57% and 0.3% mean absolute percent error for total number of predicted infection cases in a 5-day prediction period for USA and Italy, respectively. To address the problem of spatiotemporal prediction of Covid-19 spread in a large geographical region with high resolution, an ensemble of Convolutional LSTM [4]based model is proposed which needs to be trained with multilayer temporal geospatial data, transformed as sequence of frames. Experimentation is carried out with data of USA and Italy and achieved country-level mean absolute percent error (MAPE) of 5.57% and 0.3%, respectively, on forecasting of total infection cases in 5 days period. Thus, a large geographic region is divided into relatively smaller grids and model is trained with samples drawn from local distribution of infection cases.
   abstract: The high R-naught factor of SARS-CoV-2 has created a race against time for mankind, and it necessitates rapid containment actions to control the spread. In such scenario short-term accurate spatiotemporal predictions can help understanding the dynamics of the spread in a geographic region and identify hotspots. However, due to the novelty of the disease there is very little disease-specific data generated yet. This poses a difficult problem for machine learning methods to learn a model of the epidemic spread from data. A proposed ensemble of convolutional LSTM-based spatiotemporal model can forecast the spread of the epidemic with high resolution and accuracy in a large geographic region. The feature construction method creates geospatial frames of features with or without temporal component based on latitudes and longitudes thus avoiding the need of location specific adjacency matrix. The model has been trained with available data for USA and Italy. It achieved 5.57% and 0.3% mean absolute percent error for total number of predicted infection cases in a 5-day prediction period for USA and Italy, respectively.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7656228/
        doi: 10.1007/s40031-020-00517-x

         id: cord-347053-m5m4zgfy
     author: Pharo, Elizabeth A.
      title: Host–Pathogen Responses to Pandemic Influenza H1N1pdm09 in a Human Respiratory Airway Model
       date: 2020-06-24
      words: 9450.0
  sentences: 554.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 50.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-347053-m5m4zgfy.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-347053-m5m4zgfy.txt
    summary: wdNHBE cells produced an innate immune response to IAV-infection with increased transcription of proand anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and the antiviral viperin but reduced expression of the mucin-encoding MUC5B, which may impair mucociliary clearance. The cytopathic effect of H1N1pdm09 included damage to the airway epithelium, the induction of innate immune responses including the expression of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and antiviral genes and proteins, consistent with pulmonary host defense. Key genes upregulated in our H1N1pdm09 in vitro challenge model, mimic the innate immune and inflammatory response in human patients in vivo infected with the 2009 pandemic IAV. The more than 350-fold induction of the antiviral-encoding RSAD2 (viperin) gene in our pandemic IAV-infected wdNHBE cells confirms the antiviral response of the airway epithelium in vitro. The disruption of the airway epithelium by IAV H1N1pdm09 and poly(I:C), plus the induction of the innate immune response and antiviral, and pro-and anti-inflammatory genes demonstrated the viability of this model to investigate pandemic influenza.
   abstract: The respiratory Influenza A Viruses (IAVs) and emerging zoonotic viruses such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pose a significant threat to human health. To accelerate our understanding of the host–pathogen response to respiratory viruses, the use of more complex in vitro systems such as normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cell culture models has gained prominence as an alternative to animal models. NHBE cells were differentiated under air-liquid interface (ALI) conditions to form an in vitro pseudostratified epithelium. The responses of well-differentiated (wd) NHBE cells were examined following infection with the 2009 pandemic Influenza A/H1N1pdm09 strain or following challenge with the dsRNA mimic, poly(I:C). At 30 h postinfection with H1N1pdm09, the integrity of the airway epithelium was severely impaired and apical junction complex damage was exhibited by the disassembly of zona occludens-1 (ZO-1) from the cell cytoskeleton. wdNHBE cells produced an innate immune response to IAV-infection with increased transcription of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and the antiviral viperin but reduced expression of the mucin-encoding MUC5B, which may impair mucociliary clearance. Poly(I:C) produced similar responses to IAV, with the exception of MUC5B expression which was more than 3-fold higher than for control cells. This study demonstrates that wdNHBE cells are an appropriate ex-vivo model system to investigate the pathogenesis of respiratory viruses.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32599823/
        doi: 10.3390/v12060679

         id: cord-313821-5f5b107l
     author: Poelman, Randy
      title: The emergence of enterovirus D68 in a Dutch University Medical Center and the necessity for routinely screening for respiratory viruses
       date: 2014-11-15
      words: 3036.0
  sentences: 172.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 57.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-313821-5f5b107l.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-313821-5f5b107l.txt
    summary: BACKGROUND: Since August 2014, an increase in infections caused by enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) was reported in the USA and Canada, for the most part in children presenting with severe respiratory symptoms. STUDY DESIGN: Samples from patients with respiratory symptoms were screened for viral pathogens, including rhinovirus and enterovirus. Samples from patients with respiratory symptoms, are routinely screened for several viruses, including influenza A and B, RSV type A and B, metapneumovirus, parainfluenzavirus type 1-4, coronavirus (OC43, 229E and NL63), adenovirus, bocavirus, rhinovirus and enterovirus. However, it could also be caused by the under-diagnosis of EV-D68 infections due to insufficient sampling of patients with respiratory illness, or an insufficient detection of this virus in routine screening panels, whether using Laboratory Developed Tests (LDTs) or commercial assays.
   abstract: BACKGROUND: Since August 2014, an increase in infections caused by enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) was reported in the USA and Canada, for the most part in children presenting with severe respiratory symptoms. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether an increase in severe EV-D68 respiratory infections was observed in our region. STUDY DESIGN: Samples from patients with respiratory symptoms were screened for viral pathogens, including rhinovirus and enterovirus. Subsequently, samples positive for rhinovirus and enterovirus were routinely sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. Furthermore, an additional method was used to detect EV-D68 specifically. RESULTS: During the first three quarters of the year 2014, 1896 respiratory samples were analyzed; 39 (2%) of them tested positive for enterovirus. Eighteen samples tested positive for EV-D68, obtained from 16 different patients admitted to our hospital. Eleven were children below the age of 18, of whom five children needed intensive care treatment. The remaining five samples were from adults, who all had an underlying disease; three were transplant patients (heart, lung and renal transplantation), the other two had an underlying lung condition (COPD, asthma). Phylogenetic analysis showed a close relationship with the strains circulating currently in the USA, all belonging to the known EV-D68 genetic subtypes. CONCLUSIONS: We observed an increase of EV-D68 infections in our population, both in children as well as in adult. In 2014 there have been 16 cases so far, compared to none in 2011 and 2013 and a single case in 2012. Phylogenetic analysis identified two similar clusters as shown in the USA and Canada.
        url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1386653214004193
        doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2014.11.011

         id: cord-025009-01hsn3us
     author: Poitiers, Niclas Frederic
      title: Institutionelle Aspekte einer neuen Handelsordnung
       date: 2020-05-20
      words: 1951.0
  sentences: 270.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 62.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-025009-01hsn3us.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-025009-01hsn3us.txt
    summary: Indirekt betrifft der Handelskrieg Europa aber auch dadurch, dass die Zölle und Sanktionen, mit denen chinesische Produzenten belegt werden, auch Auswirkung auf ihre europäischen Geschäftspartner haben. 1 Am größten ist jedoch das Risiko, dass die USA das internationale Handelssystem in Richtung eines Systems von staatlich gelenktem Handel (managed trade) führen. Jedoch fehlen der EU viele der wirtschafts-und außenpolitischen Kompetenzen, um außerhalb von Handelsfragen mit dem gleichen Nachdruck wie China und die USA zu agieren. Dies ist zum Nachteil nicht nur Chinas und der meisten US-Bürger, die im Gegenzug höhere Preise für chinesische Güter zahlen müssen, sondern auch anderer Exporteure dieser Güter, insbesondere Brasiliens (Bown, 2020) . Langjährige fundamentale Vorbehalte der USA gegen zwischenstaatliche Organisationen haben sich mit dem Vorwurf gepaart, dass internationale Institutionen von China zu seinem Vorteil ausgenutzt werden. Der Welthandel steht durch den USA-China-Konfl ikt an einer Wegscheide, und durch die SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie ist die Unsicherheit noch weiter gestiegen.
   abstract: nan
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7237618/
        doi: 10.1007/s10273-020-2649-8

         id: cord-254874-ug0ler5e
     author: Ramos-Rincón, José M.
      title: A snapshot of pneumonia research activity and collaboration patterns (2001–2015): a global bibliometric analysis
       date: 2019-09-05
      words: 6270.0
  sentences: 301.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 41.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-254874-ug0ler5e.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-254874-ug0ler5e.txt
    summary: BACKGROUND: This article describes a bibliometric review of the scientific production, geographical distribution, collaboration, impact, and subject area focus of pneumonia research indexed on the Web of Science over a 15-year period. The only document types we studied were original articles and reviews, analyzing descriptive indicators by five-year periods and the scientific production by country, adjusting for population, economic, and research-related parameters. In this study, by analyzing scientific papers on pneumonia published in the main international scientific journals, we aimed to identify the scientific contribution of different countries to the worldwide research effort, the most cited landmark articles, the degree and nature of scientific collaboration, and the topics addressed. Specifically, we will analyze: (1) the evolution of scientific production; (2) its distribution by countries and regions; (3) the impact of the research papers; and (4) the degree of international collaboration.
   abstract: BACKGROUND: This article describes a bibliometric review of the scientific production, geographical distribution, collaboration, impact, and subject area focus of pneumonia research indexed on the Web of Science over a 15-year period. METHODS: We searched the Web of Science database using the Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) of “Pneumonia” from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2015. The only document types we studied were original articles and reviews, analyzing descriptive indicators by five-year periods and the scientific production by country, adjusting for population, economic, and research-related parameters. RESULTS: A total of 22,694 references were retrieved. The number of publications increased steadily over time, from 981 publications in 2001 to 1977 in 2015 (R(2) = 0.956). The most productive country was the USA (38.49%), followed by the UK (7.18%) and Japan (5.46%). Research production from China increased by more than 1000%. By geographical area, North America (42.08%) and Europe (40.79%) were most dominant. Scientific production in low- and middle-income countries more than tripled, although their overall contribution to the field remained limited (< 15%). Overall, 18.8% of papers were the result of an international collaboration, although this proportion was much higher in sub-Saharan Africa (46.08%) and South Asia (23.43%). According to the specific MeSH terms used, articles focused mainly on “Pneumonia, Bacterial” (19.99%), followed by “Pneumonia, Pneumococcal” (7.02%) and “Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated” (6.79%). CONCLUSIONS: Pneumonia research increased steadily over the 15-year study period, with Europe and North America leading scientific production. About a fifth of all papers reflected international collaborations, and these were most evident in papers from sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s12874-019-0819-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
        url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-019-0819-4
        doi: 10.1186/s12874-019-0819-4

         id: cord-295661-v3q1spmm
     author: Resende, Talita Pilar
      title: Evaluation of mouse enteroids as a model for Lawsonia intracellularis infection
       date: 2019-07-19
      words: 5460.0
  sentences: 252.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 31.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-295661-v3q1spmm.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-295661-v3q1spmm.txt
    summary: intracellularis antigen is detectable in mouse enteroids, indicating susceptibility to infection, mouse enteroids fail to replicate the cellular proliferation and gene expression changes observed in proliferative enteropathy. Wnt3a protein, which regulates the signaling pathways related to the cellular proliferation in the intestinal crypt compartment [33] , was removed from the enteroid culture media at least 3 days before infection to enable cells to better differentiate. intracellularis infection induces changes in the proliferation and differentiation of enteroid epithelial cells, as observed in the swine intestine, we evaluated expression of Ki-67, Sox9 and Muc2 in enteroids harvested at 1, 3 and 7 dpi relative to expression in enteroids at 0 dpi. intracellularis antigen stained by immunohistochemistry is observed as small bacilli in the cytoplasm of cell cultures [5, 47, 48] and in the apical cytoplasm of intestinal epithelial cells of naturally and experimentally-infected pigs.
   abstract: Lawsonia intracellularis, an obligate intracellular bacterium, is an important enteric pathogen in pig herds and horse farms worldwide. The hallmark feature of L. intracellularis infection is the proliferation of epithelial cells in intestinal crypts. A major limitation to the study of L. intracellularis infection is the lack of an in vitro model that reproduces the changes observed in proliferative enteropathy. Here we investigated the suitability of mouse enteroids as a model to study L. intracellularis infection. Mouse enteroids were microinjected with L. intracellularis, filter-sterilized L. intracellularis culture supernatant, or sterile cell culture media (DMEM). L. intracellularis antigen was detected in mouse enteroids by immunohistochemistry and was located mostly in the basal region of the epithelium. There was no differential growth of enteroids among treatment groups, and cellular proliferation was not increased in L. intracellularis-infected enteroids in relation to non-infected enteroids based on immunofluorescence staining. L. intracellularis infection did not induce changes in gene expression of Ki-67 (proliferation marker), Sox9 (marker for transit amplifying cells) and Muc2 (marker for goblet cells). These results indicate that although L. intracellularis antigen is detectable in mouse enteroids, indicating susceptibility to infection, mouse enteroids fail to replicate the cellular proliferation and gene expression changes observed in proliferative enteropathy. Nevertheless, we have successfully demonstrated that mouse enteroids can be used to model days-long intracellular pathogen infection, serving as potential models for the study of other pathogens of interest in veterinary medicine.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31324204/
        doi: 10.1186/s13567-019-0672-9

         id: cord-281395-qxu41hta
     author: Rogers, M. A. M.
      title: Haemovigilance of reactions associated with red blood cell transfusion: comparison across 17 Countries
       date: 2015-12-21
      words: nan
  sentences: nan
      pages: 
     flesch: nan
      cache: 
        txt: 
    summary: 
   abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The recent establishment of the National Healthcare Safety Network Hemovigilance Module in the United States affords an opportunity to compare results with those of other developed nations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using data from national haemovigilance systems, reactions associated with red blood cell (RBC) transfusion and residual risks of transfusion‐transmitted infectious diseases were assembled from 17 nations. Country‐specific rates of adverse events were pooled using random‐effects Poisson regression. RESULTS: Febrile non‐haemolytic and delayed serologic transfusion reactions were the most frequent adverse events reported after RBC transfusion, occurring in 26 patients per 100 000 RBC units and 25 patients per 100 000 RBC units administered, respectively. Rates of allergic, febrile non‐haemolytic and delayed haemolytic transfusion reactions in the United States were significantly greater than the pooled rates from other countries. Frequencies of adverse events generated from the national haemovigilance programme in the United States were considerably lower than when obtained through active surveillance. CONCLUSION: Haemovigilance reports of adverse events in the United States are comparable to, or greater than, reports from other developed countries. Rates generated from haemovigilance programmes are lower than those obtained through active surveillance. The lack of universal leucoreduction of RBC units may be a contributing factor to the higher rate of some adverse events in the United States.
        url: https://doi.org/10.1111/vox.12367
        doi: 10.1111/vox.12367

         id: cord-281713-3iu8qx7n
     author: Ronquillo, Jay G
      title: Using informatics to guide public health policy during the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA
       date: 2020-07-13
      words: 1986.0
  sentences: 102.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 50.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-281713-3iu8qx7n.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-281713-3iu8qx7n.txt
    summary: METHODS: Cross-sectional study of all COVID-19 cases and deaths in the USA on a populationand resource-adjusted basis (as of 24 April 2020) by applying biomedical informatics and data visualization tools to several public and federal government datasets, including analysis of the impact of statewide stay-at-home orders. 6 Resource-adjusted characteristics were calculated by dividing state-level cases by (i) estimated state-level physician totals from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 2018 Compendium of US Health Systems (https://www.a hrq.gov/chsp), and (ii) published state-level estimates for mechanical ventilators as described in the Society of Critical Care Medicine report on US ICU Resource Availability for COVID-19. Using information from available publication and news sources, we identified states with and without stay-at-home or similar nonpharmaceutical intervention (NPI) orders that were implemented statewide as of the study date. 1 Looking beyond raw case and death counts by adjusting for publicly accessible data on populations and resource estimates can help clarify risks and inform public health policy.
   abstract: BACKGROUND: Current and future pandemics will require informatics solutions to assess the risks, resources and policies to guide better public health decision-making. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of all COVID-19 cases and deaths in the USA on a population- and resource-adjusted basis (as of 24 April 2020) by applying biomedical informatics and data visualization tools to several public and federal government datasets, including analysis of the impact of statewide stay-at-home orders. RESULTS: There were 2753.2 cases and 158.0 deaths per million residents, respectively, in the USA with variable distributions throughout divisions, regions and states. Forty-two states and Washington, DC, (84.3%) had statewide stay-at-home orders, with the remaining states having population-adjusted characteristics in the highest risk quartile. CONCLUSIONS: Effective national preparedness requires clearly understanding states’ ability to predict, manage and balance public health needs through all stages of a pandemic. This will require leveraging data quickly, correctly and responsibly into sound public health policies.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32657332/
        doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa081

         id: cord-305303-82n96ukr
     author: Shapira, Assaf
      title: Removal of Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Cells by a Zymogenized Bacterial Toxin
       date: 2012-02-16
      words: 10132.0
  sentences: 431.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 42.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-305303-82n96ukr.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-305303-82n96ukr.txt
    summary: As shown in Figure 2 , similar numbers of surviving colonies were observed when the cells were transfected with the plasmids encoding mCherry-NS3 activated MazF or the red fluorescent protein alone, suggesting that expression of NS3-activable ribonuclease in naïve HEK293 T-REx cells (that do not express NS3) cause minimal toxicity, if any. The ER membrane-targeted zymoxin colocalizes with NS3 protease in vivo Previously we described a HEK293 cell line which inducibly expresses (by addition of tetracycline) a fusion between EGFP and the coding sequence of the full length NS3 (including the helicase domain) followed by NS4A from HCV 1a genotype [10] . When infection reached ,50% (about 50% of the cultured cells showed expression of the HCV-core protein, as detected by immuno-staining and fluorescence microscopy), the mixed culture and a culture of uninfected cells were treated with NS3 activated MazF or uncleavable-MazF encoding adenoviruses at MOI of ,3.
   abstract: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of chronic liver disease and has become a global health threat. No HCV vaccine is currently available and treatment with antiviral therapy is associated with adverse side effects. Moreover, there is no preventive therapy for recurrent hepatitis C post liver transplantation. The NS3 serine protease is necessary for HCV replication and represents a prime target for developing anti HCV therapies. Recently we described a therapeutic approach for eradication of HCV infected cells that is based on protein delivery of two NS3 protease-activatable recombinant toxins we named “zymoxins”. These toxins were inactivated by fusion to rationally designed inhibitory peptides via NS3-cleavable linkers. Once delivered to cells where NS3 protease is present, the inhibitory peptide is removed resulting in re-activation of cytotoxic activity. The zymoxins we described suffered from two limitations: they required high levels of protease for activation and had basal activities in the un-activated form that resulted in a narrow potential therapeutic window. Here, we present a solution that overcame the major limitations of the “first generation zymoxins” by converting MazF ribonuclease, the toxic component of the E. coli chromosomal MazEF toxin-antitoxin system, into an NS3-activated zymoxin that is introduced to cells by means of gene delivery. We constructed an expression cassette that encodes for a single polypeptide that incorporates both the toxin and a fragment of its potent natural antidote, MazE, linked via an NS3-cleavable linker. While covalently paired to its inhibitor, the ribonuclease is well tolerated when expressed in naïve, healthy cells. In contrast, activating proteolysis that is induced by even low levels of NS3, results in an eradication of NS3 expressing model cells and HCV infected cells. Zymoxins may thus become a valuable tool in eradicating cells infected by intracellular pathogens that express intracellular proteases.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22359682/
        doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032320

         id: cord-350956-ytcwt9qk
     author: Smith, K. M.
      title: Summarizing US Wildlife Trade with an Eye Toward Assessing the Risk of Infectious Disease Introduction
       date: 2017-02-07
      words: 5504.0
  sentences: 241.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 48.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-350956-ytcwt9qk.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-350956-ytcwt9qk.txt
    summary: Timber and plants are estimated to comprise nearly 70% of the known (broadly defined) wildlife global trade value, leaving non-aquaculture fisheries products responsible for 28% and ornamental fish, mammals, herpetofauna and other species responsible for roughly 2% (US $5.27 billion) (Engler and Parry-Jones 2007; Ahlenius 2008) . Nearly one-third of all wildlife shipments entering the USA contained live animals, the vast majority of which were imported by the aquatic and pet industry. Over 11 billion specimens and an additional 977 million kilograms of wildlife were imported during the period examined, with one-third of shipments containing live animals, mostly for the aquatic and pet trade. The majority of illegal shipments of live non-aquatic wildlife were confiscated at the Mexican border, especially those containing reptiles and birds imported for the pet trade (Ferrier 2009 ).
   abstract: The aim of this study was to characterize the role of the USA in the global exchange of wildlife and describe high volume trade with an eye toward prioritizing health risk assessment questions for further analysis. Here we summarize nearly 14 years (2000–2013) of the most comprehensive data available (USFWS LEMIS system), involving 11 billion individual specimens and an additional 977 million kilograms of wildlife. The majority of shipments contained mammals (27%), while the majority of specimens imported were shells (57%) and tropical fish (25%). Most imports were facilitated by the aquatic and pet industry, resulting in one-third of all shipments containing live animals. The importer reported origin of wildlife was 77.7% wild-caught and 17.7% captive-reared. Indonesia was the leading exporter of legal shipments, while Mexico was the leading source reported for illegal shipments. At the specimen level, China was the leading exporter of legal and illegal wildlife imports. The number of annual declared shipments doubled during the period examined, illustrating continually increasing demand, which reinforces the need to scale up capacity for border inspections, risk management protocols and disease surveillance. Most regulatory oversight of wildlife trade is aimed at conservation, rather than prevention of disease introduction.
        url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-017-1211-7
        doi: 10.1007/s10393-017-1211-7

         id: cord-305858-gp1u4kh7
     author: Song, Xiang
      title: High expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) on tissue macrophages that may be targeted by virus SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients
       date: 2020-07-19
      words: 4896.0
  sentences: 268.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 49.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-305858-gp1u4kh7.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-305858-gp1u4kh7.txt
    summary: To better understand the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and build up the host anti-viral immunity, we examined the levels of ACE2 expression on different types of immune cells including tissue macrophages. To determine whether platelets were directly targeted by SARS-CoV-2 or trigged by viral inflammatory reactions, we examined the ACE2 expression on the highly-purified CD41b + CD42a + platelets from human peripheral blood ( Figure 3A Our previous work established that platelets could release mitochondria contributing to the immune modulation and islet b-cell regeneration [13] . Thus, the virus-infected alveolar macrophages play a critical role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and SARS [28] [29] [30] and may recruit the lung infiltration of additional immune cells through predominantly releasing cytokines and chemokines [31, 32] , resulting in pulmonary edema and hypoxemia: the hallmark of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) ( Figure 6 ).
   abstract: Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) has been recognized as the binding receptor for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that infects host cells, causing the development of the new coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19). To better understand the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and build up the host anti-viral immunity, we examined the levels of ACE2 expression on different types of immune cells including tissue macrophages. Flow cytometry demonstrated that there was little to no expression of ACE2 on most of the human peripheral blood-derived immune cells including CD4+ T, CD8+ T, activated CD4+ T, activated CD8+ T, CD4+CD25+CD127low/− regulatory T cells (Tregs), Th17 cells, NKT cells, B cells, NK cells, monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), and granulocytes. Additionally, there was no ACE2 expression (< 1%) found on platelets. Compared with interleukin-4-treated type 2 macrophages (M2), the ACE2 expression was markedly increased on the activated type 1 macrophages (M1) after the stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that high expressions of ACE2 were colocalized with tissue macrophages, such as alveolar macrophages found within the lungs and Kupffer cells within livers of mice. Flow cytometry confirmed the very low level of ACE2 expression on human primary pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells. These data indicate that alveolar macrophages, as the frontline immune cells, may be directly targeted by the SARS-CoV-2 infection and therefore need to be considered for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
        url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.18.210120
        doi: 10.1101/2020.07.18.210120

         id: cord-000698-v9k7vpi8
     author: St. Leger, Judy
      title: West Nile Virus Infection in Killer Whale, Texas, USA, 2007
       date: 2011-08-17
      words: 1403.0
  sentences: 100.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 46.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-000698-v9k7vpi8.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-000698-v9k7vpi8.txt
    summary: title: West Nile Virus Infection in Killer Whale, Texas, USA, 2007 In 2007, nonsuppurative encephalitis was identified in a killer whale at a Texas, USA, marine park. Panviral DNA microarray of brain tissue suggested West Nile virus (WNV); WNV was confirmed by reverse transcription PCR and sequencing. Among marine mammals, WNV infection has been reported in a harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) (1) . Meninges demonstrated moderate focally extensive and multifocal areas of acute meningeal congestion and hemorrhage. This staining demonstrated abundant WNV antigen within the cytoplasm of a small number of neurons and glial cells and in fewer macrophages in the brain tissue (Figure) . We demonstrate that WNV can infect and cause disease in killer whales. The serologic results demonstrate that subclinical infections can occur and that exposure can be variable. Serologic screening of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the Indian River Lagoon demonstrated WNV titers (7) .
   abstract: In 2007, nonsuppurative encephalitis was identified in a killer whale at a Texas, USA, marine park. Panviral DNA microarray of brain tissue suggested West Nile virus (WNV); WNV was confirmed by reverse transcription PCR and sequencing. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated WNV antigen within neurons. WNV should be considered in cases of encephalitis in cetaceans.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3381582/
        doi: 10.3201/eid1708.101979

         id: cord-002757-upwe0cpj
     author: Sullivan, Kathleen E.
      title: Emerging Infections and Pertinent Infections Related to Travel for Patients with Primary Immunodeficiencies
       date: 2017-08-07
      words: 24212.0
  sentences: 1364.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 40.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-002757-upwe0cpj.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-002757-upwe0cpj.txt
    summary: The first section addresses general considerations, the second section profiles specific infections organized according to mechanism of transmission, and the third section focuses on unique phenotypes and unique susceptibilities in patients with PIDDs. This review does not address most parasitic diseases. In developing countries where polio is still endemic and oral polio vaccine is essential for eradicating the disease, it is of utmost importance that all PIDD patients and family members should not receive live oral polio (OPV) because of the reported prolonged excretion of the virus for months and even years [24] . As for host factors, although severe and fatal cases have been described in healthy immunocompetent hosts [129, 130] , there is evidence to suggest that children under the age of 10 [130] and immunocompromised hosts either secondary to hematologic malignancies, immunosuppressant treatment for organ transplantation, or HIV infection are at a greater risk to develop more severe disease with higher case fatality rates [131, 132] .
   abstract: In today’s global economy and affordable vacation travel, it is increasingly important that visitors to another country and their physician be familiar with emerging infections, infections unique to a specific geographic region, and risks related to the process of travel. This is never more important than for patients with primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDD). A recent review addressing common causes of fever in travelers provides important information for the general population Thwaites and Day (N Engl J Med 376:548-560, 2017). This review covers critical infectious and management concerns specifically related to travel for patients with PIDD. This review will discuss the context of the changing landscape of infections, highlight specific infections of concern, and profile distinct infection phenotypes in patients who are immune compromised. The organization of this review will address the environment driving emerging infections and several concerns unique to patients with PIDD. The first section addresses general considerations, the second section profiles specific infections organized according to mechanism of transmission, and the third section focuses on unique phenotypes and unique susceptibilities in patients with PIDDs. This review does not address most parasitic diseases. Reference tables provide easily accessible information on a broader range of infections than is described in the text.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5693703/
        doi: 10.1007/s10875-017-0426-2

         id: cord-003898-y6zpvw84
     author: Tan, Kai Sen
      title: RNA Sequencing of H3N2 Influenza Virus-Infected Human Nasal Epithelial Cells from Multiple Subjects Reveals Molecular Pathways Associated with Tissue Injury and Complications
       date: 2019-08-27
      words: 7671.0
  sentences: 386.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 44.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-003898-y6zpvw84.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-003898-y6zpvw84.txt
    summary: title: RNA Sequencing of H3N2 Influenza Virus-Infected Human Nasal Epithelial Cells from Multiple Subjects Reveals Molecular Pathways Associated with Tissue Injury and Complications The aim of this study was to utilize RNA sequencing (RNAseq) technology to not only reveal the hNEC responses (from multiple individuals) against influenza infection, but also to identify those genes with high magnitude changes to serve as potential reference markers of the innate responses of influenza infection. After deriving the transcriptomes by RNAseq, we then further investigated whether the changes in expression of genes resulted in alterations in secretory cytokines and chemokines early in the infection of hNECs. Initially, we detected significant reductions in multiple cytokines at 8 hpi, with the exception of IL-15 which was increased ( Figure S2 ). In conclusion, RNAseq technology allowed us to accurately quantify the magnitude of gene expression changes, as well as the relevant enriched pathways during H3N2 influenza virus infection of hNECs, which can serve as a baseline for future clinical studies.
   abstract: The human nasal epithelium is the primary site of exposure to influenza virus, the initiator of host responses to influenza and the resultant pathologies. Influenza virus may cause serious respiratory infection resulting in major complications, as well as severe impairment of the airways. Here, we elucidated the global transcriptomic changes during H3N2 infection of human nasal epithelial cells from multiple individuals. Using RNA sequencing, we characterized the differentially-expressed genes and pathways associated with changes occurring at the nasal epithelium following infection. We used in vitro differentiated human nasal epithelial cell culture model derived from seven different donors who had no concurrent history of viral infections. Statistical analysis highlighted strong transcriptomic signatures significantly associated with 24 and 48 h after infection, but not at the earlier 8-h time point. In particular, we found that the influenza infection induced in the nasal epithelium early and altered responses in interferon gamma signaling, B-cell signaling, apoptosis, necrosis, smooth muscle proliferation, and metabolic alterations. These molecular events initiated at the infected nasal epithelium may potentially adversely impact the airway, and thus the genes we identified could serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets for influenza infection and associated disease management.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6770044/
        doi: 10.3390/cells8090986

         id: cord-280807-0g1uo0rd
     author: Tomani, Jean Claude Didelot
      title: The Inhibition of NLRP3 Inflammasome and IL-6 Production by Hibiscus noldeae Baker f. Derived Constituents Provides a Link to Its Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutic Potentials
       date: 2020-10-14
      words: nan
  sentences: nan
      pages: 
     flesch: nan
      cache: 
        txt: 
    summary: 
   abstract: The activation of NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and/or its components is associated with the physio-pathogenesis of many respiratory diseases including asthma, COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), SARS Cov-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), and in several autoimmune diseases. Hibiscus noldeae Baker f. has been widely reported to be traditionally used in the treatment of different ailments, some of which are of inflammatory background such as asthma, wounds, headache, etc. However, the claims have not been supported by evidence at the molecular and functional levels. Here, we report on the bio-guided fractionation of H. noldeae and assessment of the inhibitory properties of some fractions and purified compounds on NLRP3 inflammasome and Interleukin 6 (IL-6). The activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome was determined by detecting the activity of caspase-1 and the production of Interleukin 1β (IL-1β) in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and ATP-stimulated Tamm-Horsfall Protein 1 (THP-1) macrophages, while the production of IL-6 was studied in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 mouse macrophages. It was observed that hexane and ethyl acetate fractions of the crude extract of the aerial parts of H. noldeae, as well as caffeic acid, isoquercetin, and ER2.4 and ER2.7 fractions revealed significant inhibitory effects on Caspase-1 activities, and on IL-1β and IL-6 production. The ER2.4 and ER2.7 fractions downregulated the production of IL-1β and IL-6, in a similar range as the caspase-1 inhibitor AC-YVAD-CHO and the drug Dexamethasone, both used as controls, respectively. Overall, our work does provide the very first scientific based evidence for Hibiscus noldeae anti-inflammatory effects and widespread use by traditional healers in Rwanda for a variety of ailments.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33066442/
        doi: 10.3390/molecules25204693

         id: cord-303165-ikepr2p2
     author: Tulchinsky, Theodore H.
      title: Expanding the Concept of Public Health
       date: 2014-10-10
      words: 33919.0
  sentences: 1389.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 41.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-303165-ikepr2p2.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-303165-ikepr2p2.txt
    summary: It also demands special attention through health promotion activities of all kinds at national and local societal levels to provide access for groups with special risks and needs to medical and community health care with the currently available and newly developing knowledge and technologies. 5. Environmental, biological, occupational, social, and economic factors that endanger health and human life, addressing: (a) physical and mental illness, diseases and infirmity, trauma and injuries (b) local and global sanitation and environmental ecology (c) healthful nutrition and food security including availability, quality, safety, access, and affordability of food products (d) disasters, natural and human-made, including war, terrorism, and genocide (e) population groups at special risk and with specific health needs. It acts to improve health and social welfare, and to reduce specific determinants of diseases and risk factors that adversely affect the health, well-being, and productive capacities of an individual or society, setting targets based on the size of the problem but also the feasibility of successful intervention, in a cost-effective way.
   abstract: Ancient societies recognized the needs of sanitation, food safety, workers’ health, and medical care to protect against disease and to promote well-being and civic prosperity. New energies and knowledge since the eighteenth century produced landmark discoveries such as prevention of scurvy and vaccination against smallpox. The biological germ theory and competing miasma theory each proved effective in sanitation, and immunization in control of infectious diseases. Non-communicable diseases as the leading causes of mortality have responded to innovative preventive care of health risk factors, smoking, hypertension, obesity, physical inactivity, unhealthful diets, and diabetes mellitus. Health promotion proved effective to modern public health in tackling disease origins, individual behavior, and social and economic conditions. The global burden of infectious and non-communicable diseases, aging and chronic illness faces rising costs and still inadequate prevention. The evolution of concepts of public health will have to address these new challenges of population health.
        url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124157668000021
        doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415766-8.00002-1

         id: cord-333599-hl11ln2r
     author: Tulchinsky, Theodore H.
      title: Planning and Managing Health Systems
       date: 2014-10-10
      words: 19701.0
  sentences: 839.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 38.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-333599-hl11ln2r.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-333599-hl11ln2r.txt
    summary: Planning and management are changing in the era of the New Public Health with advances in prevention and treatment of disease, population health needs, innovative technologies such as genetic engineering, new immunizations that prevent cancers and infectious diseases, prevention of non-communicable diseases, environmental and nutritional health, and health promotion to reduce risk factors and improve healthful living for the individual and the community. Selection of the direction to be taken in organizing health services is usually based on a mix of factors, including the political view of the government, public opinion, and rational assessment of needs as indicated through epidemiological data, cost-benefit analysis, the experience of "good public health practice" from leading countries, and recommendations by expert groups. Health is a knowledge-based service industry, so that knowledge management and information technology are extremely important parts of the New Public Health, not only in patient care systems in hospitals, but also in public health delivery systems in the community, school, place of work, and home.
   abstract: Health systems are complex organizations. They are often the largest single employer in a country, with expenditures of public and private money of 4–17 percent of gross domestic product. Overall and individual facility management requires mission statements, objectives, targets, budgets, activities planning, human interaction, services delivery, and quality assurance. Health organization involves a vast complex of stakeholders and participants, suppliers and purchasers, regulators and direct providers, and individual patients, and their decision-making. These include pyramidal and network organizations and ethical decision-making based on public interest, resource allocations, priority selection, and assurance of certain codes of law and ethical conduct. This chapter discusses how complex organizations work, with potential for application in health, and the motivations of workers and of the population being served. Organization theory helps in devising methods to integrate relevant factors to become more effective in defining and achieving goals and missions.
        url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780124157668000124
        doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415766-8.00012-4

         id: cord-308328-wfiqbu3m
     author: Upadhyay, Ranjit Kumar
      title: Age-group-targeted testing for COVID-19 as a new prevention strategy
       date: 2020-09-01
      words: 4788.0
  sentences: 271.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 56.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-308328-wfiqbu3m.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-308328-wfiqbu3m.txt
    summary: We observe a marked flattening of the infection curve upon simulating increased testing in the 15–40 year age groups in India. Robust testing and tracing are key to containing the pandemic and effectively ''flattening'' the infection curve, both by distributing cases over a longer period of time and by reducing the total number of cases, and thus lowering the epidemic peak. Here, we leverage the emerging information from COVID-19 in different countries, mainly USA, Italy and India, to develop a COVID-19 specific model that can inform on effective interventions for coronavirus containment. Our model recommends that testing and tracing be ramped up in the 15-40-year age-group population in India in order to flatten the infection curve in shortest time possible in the current situation. Finally, we have proposed a novel method of age-group-targeted testing to tackle the situation and have also showed how it can help in flattening the curve effectively.
   abstract: Robust testing and tracing are key to fighting the menace of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This outbreak has progressed with tremendous impact on human life, society and economy. In this paper, we propose an age-structured SIQR model to track the progression of the pandemic in India, Italy and USA, taking into account the different age structures of these countries. We have made predictions about the disease dynamics, identified the most infected age groups and analysed the effectiveness of social distancing measures taken in the early stages of infection. The basic reproductive ratio [Formula: see text] has been numerically calculated for each country. We propose a strategy of age-targeted testing, with increased testing in the most proportionally infected age groups. We observe a marked flattening of the infection curve upon simulating increased testing in the 15–40 year age groups in India. Thus, we conclude that social distancing and widespread testing are effective methods of control, with emphasis on testing and identifying the hot spots of highly infected populations. It has also been suggested that a complete lockdown, followed by lockdowns in selected regions, is more effective than the reverse.
        url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-020-05879-x
        doi: 10.1007/s11071-020-05879-x

         id: cord-300904-folzz3nu
     author: Uzuner, Gizem
      title: Tourist arrivals in four major economies: another side of economic policy uncertainty and fear
       date: 2020-05-26
      words: 3197.0
  sentences: 161.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 49.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-300904-folzz3nu.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-300904-folzz3nu.txt
    summary: In this paper, we examine the direction of causal relationships among migration-related fear, economic policy uncertainty, tourism, and economic growth in the panel economies of France, Germany, the UK, and the USA. Hence, the study hypothesizes that economic policy uncertainty and migration-related fear Granger cause tourism arrival in France, Germany, the UK, and the USA. In addition, results, as reported in Table 4 , show one-way causality nexus from fear and tourism in France, Germany, the UK, and the USA at p < 0.10, p < 0.05, and p < 0.05 significance level respectively. Empirical results show that migration-related fear is linked with EPU, tourism arrivals, and real income, implying that increase in the level of perceived fear influences tourists'' decision-making, enhances policy uncertainty, and, hence economic growth.
   abstract: In this paper, we examine the direction of causal relationships among migration-related fear, economic policy uncertainty, tourism, and economic growth in the panel economies of France, Germany, the UK, and the USA. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to examine the interaction and interrelationship between these variables in a multivariate causality study, using a quarterly data over the period 1985Q1–2017Q4 via time-series causality approach as advanced by Emirmahmutoglu and Kose (Econ Model 28:870–876, 2011) that produces country-specific causality statistic and also captures slope heterogeneity in panel data. Empirical results show that migration-related fear is linked with EPU, tourism arrivals, and real income. Thus, we suggest fear-induced economic policy uncertainty, fear-induced tourism, and economic policy uncertainty–induced growth hypotheses with credible policy suggestions for tourist destinations.
        url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09219-9
        doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-09219-9

         id: cord-346185-qmu1mrmx
     author: Velásquez, Ricardo Manuel Arias
      title: Forecast and evaluation of COVID-19 spreading in USA with Reduced-space Gaussian process regression
       date: 2020-05-22
      words: 1122.0
  sentences: 80.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 58.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-346185-qmu1mrmx.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-346185-qmu1mrmx.txt
    summary: title: Forecast and evaluation of COVID-19 spreading in USA with Reduced-space Gaussian process regression In this report, we analyze historical and forecast infections for COVID-19 death based on Reduced-Space Gaussian Process Regression associated to chaotic Dynamical Systems with information obtained in 82 days with continuous learning, day by day, from January 21(th), 2020 to April 12(th). According last results, COVID-19 could be predicted with Gaussian models mean-field models can be meaningfully used to gather a quantitative picture of the epidemic spreading, with infections, fatality and recovery rate. able on the Center for Systems Science and Engineering at Johns Hopkins University [6] , the available data analyzed is considered between January 21 th 2020 and April 39 12 th 2020, included, with a feedback process in a neural network applied; it allows 40 to examined the information in real time in each state, at Fig. 1 • .
   abstract: In this report, we analyze historical and forecast infections for COVID-19 death based on Reduced-Space Gaussian Process Regression associated to chaotic Dynamical Systems with information obtained in 82 days with continuous learning, day by day, from January 21(th), 2020 to April 12(th). According last results, COVID-19 could be predicted with Gaussian models mean-field models can be meaning- fully used to gather a quantitative picture of the epidemic spreading, with infections, fatality and recovery rate. The forecast places the peak in USA around July 14(th) 2020, with a peak number of 132,074 death with infected individuals of about 1,157,796 and a number of deaths at the end of the epidemics of about 132,800. Late on January, USA confirmed the first patient with COVID-19, who had recently traveled to China, however, an evaluation of states in USA have demonstrated a fatality rate in China (4%) is lower than New York (4.56%), but lower than Michigan (5.69%). Mean estimates and uncertainty bounds for both USA and his cities and other provinces have increased in the last three months, with focus on New York, New Jersey, Michigan, California, Massachusetts,... (January e April 12(th)). Besides, we propose a Reduced-Space Gaussian Process Regression model predicts that the epidemic will reach saturation in USA on July 2020. Our findings suggest, new quarantine actions with more restrictions for containment strategies implemented in USA could be successfully, but in a late period, it could generate critical rate infections and death for the next 2 month.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32501372/
        doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109924

         id: cord-285505-8norumv6
     author: Vere Hodge, R. Anthony
      title: Meeting report: 27th International conference on antiviral research, in Raleigh, NC, USA
       date: 2014-09-16
      words: 10276.0
  sentences: 566.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 58.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-285505-8norumv6.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-285505-8norumv6.txt
    summary: The focus of John''s presentation was on the research conducted in his own and his collaborators'' laboratories that ultimately led to the invention of three compounds which were discovered to have antiviral activity against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and which later entered clinical trials: BDCRB pyranoside (GW275175X) (Phase I), maribavir (Phases I, II and III) and cyclopropavir (Phase I). In monotherapy studies after oral dosing with TDF (300 mg) and TAF (25 mg), the plasma TFV AUC is reduced from 1920 to 268 ng.h/ml respectively whereas the reduction in HIV load from baseline is improved, from log 10 0.97 to log 10 1.46 copies/ml, respectively, reflecting the more efficient delivery of TAF to target cells and tissues. David Margolis, University of North Carolina, NC, USA In HIV-infected patients, there is a long-lasting reservoir of HIV in the form of integrated viral DNA in resting CD4+ memory cells of the host immune system.
   abstract: The 27th International Conference on Antiviral Research (ICAR) was held in Raleigh, North Carolina, USA from May 12 to 16, 2014. This article summarizes the principal invited lectures. John Drach (Elion Award) described the early days of antiviral drugs and their novel modes of action. Piet Herdewijn (Holý Award) used evolutionary pressure to select DNA polymerases that accept nucleoside analogs. Replacing thymine by 5-chlorouracil led to the generation of a new form of Escherichia coli. Adrian Ray (Prusoff Award) demonstrated how prodrugs can markedly improve both the efficacy and safety of potential drugs. The keynote addresses, by David Margolis and Myron Cohen, tackled two emerging areas of HIV research, to find an HIV “cure” and to prevent HIV transmission, respectively. These topics were discussed further in other presentations – a cure seems to be a distant prospect but there are exciting developments for reducing HIV transmission. TDF-containing vaginal rings and GSK-744, as a long-lasting injection, offer great hope. There were three mini-symposia. Although therapy with TDF/FTC gives excellent control of HBV replication, there are only a few patients who achieve a functional cure. Myrcludex, an entry inhibitor, is active against both HBV and HDV. The recent progress with HBV replication in cell cultures has transformed the search for new antiviral compounds. The HBV capsid protein has been recognized as key player in HBV DNA synthesis. Unexpectedly, compounds which enhance capsid formation, markedly reduce HBV DNA synthesis. The development of BCX4430, which is active against Marburg and Ebola viruses, is of great current interest.
        url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0166354214002460
        doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.08.009

         id: cord-290837-8g7zfeb7
     author: Wanandy, Troy
      title: Pharmaceutical and preclinical evaluation of Advax adjuvant as a dose-sparing strategy for ant venom immunotherapy
       date: 2019-08-05
      words: 6078.0
  sentences: 275.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 49.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-290837-8g7zfeb7.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-290837-8g7zfeb7.txt
    summary: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical and microbiological stability and murine immunogenicity of low-dose JJA VIT formulated with a novel polysaccharide adjuvant referred to as delta inulin or Advax TM . Diffraction light scattering was used to assess particle size distribution of Advax; pH and benzyl alcohol quantification by UPLC-UV were used to assess the physicochemical stability of JJAV diluent, and endotoxin content and preservative efficacy test was used to investigate the microbiological properties of the adjuvanted VIT formulation. Diffraction light scattering was used to assess particle size distribution of Advax; pH and benzyl alcohol quantification by UPLC-UV were used to assess the physicochemical stability of JJAV diluent, and endotoxin content and preservative efficacy test was used to investigate the microbiological properties of the adjuvanted VIT formulation.
   abstract: Abstract A major challenge in broader clinical application of Jack Jumper ant venom immunotherapy (JJA VIT) is the scarcity of ant venom which needs to be manually harvested from wild ants. Adjuvants are commonly used for antigen sparing in other vaccines, and thereby could potentially have major benefits to extend JJA supplies if they were to similarly enhance JJA VIT immunogenicity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical and microbiological stability and murine immunogenicity of low-dose JJA VIT formulated with a novel polysaccharide adjuvant referred to as delta inulin or Advax™. Jack Jumper ant venom (JJAV) protein stability was assessed by UPLC-UV, SDS-PAGE, SDS-PAGE immunoblot, and ELISA inhibition. Diffraction light scattering was used to assess particle size distribution of Advax; pH and benzyl alcohol quantification by UPLC-UV were used to assess the physicochemical stability of JJAV diluent, and endotoxin content and preservative efficacy test was used to investigate the microbiological properties of the adjuvanted VIT formulation. To assess the effect of adjuvant on JJA venom immunogenicity, mice were immunised four times with JJAV alone or formulated with Advax adjuvant. JJA VIT formulated with Advax was found to be physicochemically and microbiologically stable for at least 2 days when stored at 4 and 25 °C with a trend for an increase in allergenic potency observed beyond 2 days of storage. Low-dose JJAV formulated with Advax adjuvant induced significantly higher JJAV-specific IgG than a 5-fold higher dose of JJAV alone, consistent with a powerful allergen-sparing effect. The pharmaceutical data provides important guidance on the formulation, storage and use of JJA VIT formulated with Advax adjuvant, with the murine immunogenicity studies providing a strong rationale for a planned clinical trial to test the ability of Advax adjuvant to achieve 4-fold JJAV dose sparing in JJA-allergic human patients.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31009889/
        doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.04.017

         id: cord-295445-f4p00yaw
     author: Wang, Hao
      title: Differential removal of human pathogenic viruses from sewage by conventional and ozone treatments
       date: 2018-02-01
      words: nan
  sentences: nan
      pages: 
     flesch: nan
      cache: 
        txt: 
    summary: 
   abstract: Sewage contains a mixed ecosystem of diverse sets of microorganisms, including human pathogenic viruses. Little is known about how conventional as well as advanced treatments of sewage, such as ozonation, reduce the environmental spread of viruses. Analyses for viruses were therefore conducted for three weeks in influent, after conventional treatment, after additional ozonation, and after passing an open dam system at a full-scale treatment plant in Knivsta, Sweden. Viruses were concentrated by adsorption to a positively charged filter, from which they were eluted and pelleted by ultracentrifugation, with a recovery of about 10%. Ion Torrent sequencing was used to analyze influent, leading to the identification of at least 327 viral species, most of which belonged to 25 families with some having unclear classification. Real-time PCR was used to test for 21 human-related viruses in inlet, conventionally treated, and ozone-treated sewage and outlet waters. The viruses identified in influent and further analyzed were adenovirus, norovirus, sapovirus, parechovirus, hepatitis E virus, astrovirus, pecovirus, picobirnavirus, parvovirus, and gokushovirus. Conventional treatment reduced viral concentrations by one to four log10, with the exception of adenovirus and parvovirus, for which the removal was less efficient. Ozone treatment led to a further reduction by one to two log10, but less for adenovirus. This study showed that the amount of all viruses was reduced by conventional sewage treatment. Further ozonation reduced the amounts of several viruses to undetectable levels, indicating that this is a promising technique for reducing the transmission of many pathogenic human viruses.
        url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1438463917307307
        doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.01.012

         id: cord-297332-rzf0cw1x
     author: Wang, Qidi
      title: Immunodominant SARS Coronavirus Epitopes in Humans Elicited both Enhancing and Neutralizing Effects on Infection in Non-human Primates
       date: 2016-04-11
      words: 8688.0
  sentences: 431.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 56.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-297332-rzf0cw1x.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-297332-rzf0cw1x.txt
    summary: 15 Other observations include evidence of ADE reported here for the first time induced by an inactivated SARS-CoV vaccine in rhesus macaques ( Figure 1 ) and by antisera from SARS patients (Table S1) , as well as ADE in other coronavirus infections. Herein, we discovered that a peptide of the viral sequence simultaneously elicits the antibodies of disparate functions in protection and enhancement against SARS-CoV infection by the studies with host Vero E6 cells in vitro and in non-human primates. In contrast, the immunized monkeys in the Vac3 group had a strongly increased ability to control SARS-CoV infection in association with induction of high levels of anti-S 604−625 antibodies ( Figure 7E ). 44 This study demonstrates for the first time that an antibody (mAb43-3-14) targeting a specific linear epitope (S 597−603 ) of the SARS-CoV spike protein can mediate enhancement of virus infection both in vitro and in non-human primates via an epitope sequence-dependent mechanism.
   abstract: [Image: see text] Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is caused by a coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and has the potential to threaten global public health and socioeconomic stability. Evidence of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of SARS-CoV infection in vitro and in non-human primates clouds the prospects for a safe vaccine. Using antibodies from SARS patients, we identified and characterized SARS-CoV B-cell peptide epitopes with disparate functions. In rhesus macaques, the spike glycoprotein peptides S(471–503), S(604–625), and S(1164–1191) elicited antibodies that efficiently prevented infection in non-human primates. In contrast, peptide S(597–603) induced antibodies that enhanced infection both in vitro and in non-human primates by using an epitope sequence-dependent (ESD) mechanism. This peptide exhibited a high level of serological reactivity (64%), which resulted from the additive responses of two tandem epitopes (S(597–603) and S(604–625)) and a long-term human B-cell memory response with antisera from convalescent SARS patients. Thus, peptide-based vaccines against SARS-CoV could be engineered to avoid ADE via elimination of the S(597–603) epitope. We provide herein an alternative strategy to prepare a safe and effective vaccine for ADE of viral infection by identifying and eliminating epitope sequence-dependent enhancement of viral infection.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27627203/
        doi: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.6b00006

         id: cord-301745-cuatqy1u
     author: Wei, Maryann
      title: Social Distancing and Lockdown – An Introvert’s Paradise? An Empirical Investigation on the Association Between Introversion and the Psychological Impact of COVID19-Related Circumstantial Changes
       date: 2020-09-17
      words: 4273.0
  sentences: 195.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 39.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-301745-cuatqy1u.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-301745-cuatqy1u.txt
    summary: The current study investigated whether the psychological impact of COVID19-related circumstantial changes was moderated by introversion, based on outcome measures across psychosocial, cognitive, and affective domains. One hundred and fourteen individuals (64 USA residents) completed measures of introversion, and reported on the extent to which they experienced loneliness, anxiety, depression and cognitive impairments as a function of COVID19-related circumstantial changes. Additionally, the psychological impact of COVID19-related circumstantial changes (and mental health in general) has psychosocial, cognitive, and affective aspects, which in turn represent functional domains which may be differentially moderated by personality traits (Segel-Karpas and Lachman, 2018) . After controlling for age, gender, living condition and recent unemployment, higher introversion (higher Introversion Scale scores) uniquely predicted higher depression (PHQ-9) and anxiety (GAD-7) experienced as a function of COVID19-related circumstantial changes, β = 0.196, t = 2.12, p = 0.036 and β = 0.188, t = 2.02, p = 0.046, respectively.
   abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) pandemic has effected the implementation of social distancing and lockdown measures across the globe, and the psychological impact of associated life changes is experienced more severely by some individuals than others. Anecdotal evidence points to a common belief among the general public that introverts are faring better than their extraverted counterparts to this end. However, the claim lacks empirical research, and seems counterintuitive when the broader literature on the association between introversion and mental health is considered. The current study investigated whether the psychological impact of COVID19-related circumstantial changes was moderated by introversion, based on outcome measures across psychosocial, cognitive, and affective domains. The role of several demographic factors in determining COVID19-related mental health symptoms was also examined. One hundred and fourteen individuals (64 USA residents) completed measures of introversion, and reported on the extent to which they experienced loneliness, anxiety, depression and cognitive impairments as a function of COVID19-related circumstantial changes. Results showed that introversion predicted more severe loneliness, anxiety, and depression experienced as a function of COVID19-related circumstantial changes, but not cognitive impairments. Among the range of demographic factors examined (age, gender, living condition, recent unemployment), living with others (vs. living alone) predicted more severe COVID19-related mental health symptoms. However, these effects were only observed on outcome measures pertaining to anxiety and cognitive impairments, but not loneliness and depression. Current findings have implications for both consumers and disseminators of information on popular internet hubs. Current findings also highlight the possibility that living with others (close human affiliation) may have protective and detrimental effects on different domains of mental health during the COVID19 pandemic.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33041925/
        doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.561609

         id: cord-267168-qjktnnn6
     author: Wille, Michelle
      title: Evolutionary genetics of canine respiratory coronavirus and recent introduction into Swedish dogs
       date: 2020-03-20
      words: nan
  sentences: nan
      pages: 
     flesch: nan
      cache: 
        txt: 
    summary: 
   abstract: Canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) has been identified as a causative agent of canine infectious respiratory disease, an upper respiratory infection affecting dogs. The epidemiology is currently opaque, with an unclear understanding of global prevalence, pathology, and genetic characteristics. In this study, Swedish privately-owned dogs with characteristic signs of canine infectious respiratory disease (n = 88) were screened for CRCoV and 13 positive samples (14.7%, 8.4–23.7% [95% confidence interval (CI)]) were further sequenced. Sequenced Swedish CRCoV isolates were highly similar despite being isolated from dogs living in geographically distant locations and sampled across 3 years (2013–2015). This is due to a single introduction into Swedish dogs in approximately 2010, as inferred by time structured phylogeny. Unlike other CRCoVs, there was no evidence of recombination in Swedish CRCoV isolates, further supporting a single introduction. Finally, there were low levels of polymorphisms, in the spike genes. Overall, we demonstrate that there is little diversity of CRCoV which is endemic in Swedish dogs.
        url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1567134820301210
        doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104290

         id: cord-270556-lyrgwxit
     author: Winnicka, Beata
      title: CD13 is dispensable for normal hematopoiesis and myeloid cell functions in the mouse
       date: 2010-04-29
      words: 8829.0
  sentences: 397.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 44.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-270556-lyrgwxit.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-270556-lyrgwxit.txt
    summary: To address the function of myeloid CD13 directly, we created a CD13 null mouse and assessed the responses of purified primary macrophages or DCs from WT and CD13 null animals in cell assays and inflammatory disease models, where CD13 has been implicated previously. The latter study found enhanced phagocytosis of antibody-modified target cells and prolonged downstream signaling upon engagement of the Fc␥R in the presence of cross-linking mAb to CD13 in primary monocytes or myeloid cell lines, suggesting that CD13 may be a functional regulator of this receptor. Although overall adhesion of CD13 null cells was slightly lower than WT to untreated or control monolayers, treatment of the endothelial monolayer with cross-linking anti-mCD13 antibodies significantly increased the adhesion of WT but not CD13 null macrophages (Fig. 4D) , consistent with our results in human cells implicating CD13 as a myeloid adhesion molecule in a gain-of-function manner.
   abstract: The robust and consistent expression of the CD13 cell surface marker on very early as well as differentiated myeloid hematopoietic cells has prompted numerous investigations seeking to define roles for CD13 in myeloid cells. To address the function of myeloid CD13 directly, we created a CD13 null mouse and assessed the responses of purified primary macrophages or DCs from WT and CD13 null animals in cell assays and inflammatory disease models, where CD13 has been implicated previously. We find that mice lacking CD13 develop normally with normal hematopoietic profiles except for an increase in thymic but not peripheral T cell numbers. Moreover, in in vitro assays, CD13 appears to be largely dispensable for the aspects of phagocytosis, proliferation, and antigen presentation that we tested, although we observed a slight decrease in actin-independent erythrocyte uptake. However, in agreement with our published studies, we show that lack of monocytic CD13 completely ablates anti-CD13-dependent monocyte adhesion to WT endothelial cells. In vivo assessment of four inflammatory disease models showed that lack of CD13 has little effect on disease onset or progression. Nominal alterations in gene expression levels between CD13 WT and null macrophages argue against compensatory mechanisms. Therefore, although CD13 is highly expressed on myeloid cells and is a reliable marker of the myeloid lineage of normal and leukemic cells, it is not a critical regulator of hematopoietic development, hemostasis, or myeloid cell function.
        url: https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0210065
        doi: 10.1189/jlb.0210065

         id: cord-012826-72mz834w
     author: Xu, Zhen-dong
      title: Propofol affects mouse embryonic fibroblast survival and proliferation in vitro via ATG5- and calcium-dependent regulation of autophagy
       date: 2019-10-23
      words: 4776.0
  sentences: 256.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 49.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-012826-72mz834w.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-012826-72mz834w.txt
    summary: In addition, ATG5(−/−) MEF themselves released more Ca(2+) in cytosolic space and endoplasmic reticulum compared with WT cells, suggesting that autophagy deficiency made intracellular calcium signaling more vulnerable to external stimuli (propofol). After 24-h exposure to propofol, the MTT signal of ATG5 −/− cells was significantly enhanced at clinically relevant concentrations (10 µM); however, this effect was inverted at high pharmacological General anesthetics and autophagy ZD Xu et al. ATG5 plays a key role in propofol effects on cell growth We next determined whether the elevation of MTT by propofol at clinically relevant concentrations in ATG5 −/− cells (Fig. 1c) was caused by changes in mitochondrial reductase activity (early cell damage) or an increase in cell numbers (proliferation). While this enhances vulnerability to cell death triggered by calcium overload at high propofol doses, propofol at clinically relevant concentrations (10 μM) induces a moderate increase in Ca 2+ release from the ER into the cytosol, favoring cell survival and proliferation of autophagy-deficient cells (Fig. 6) .
   abstract: Propofol is a commonly used intravenous anesthetic agent, which has been found to affect cell survival and proliferation especially in early life. Our previous studies show that propofol-induced neurodegeneration and neurogenesis are closely associated with cell autophagy. In the present study we explored the roles of autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5) in propofol-induced autophagy in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) in vitro. We showed that ATG5 was functionally related to propofol-induced cell survival and damage: propofol significantly enhanced cell survival and proliferation at a clinically relevant dose (10 µM), but caused cell death at an extremely high concentration (200 µM) in ATG5(−/−) MEF, but not in WT cells. The dual effects found in ATG5(−/−) MEF could be blocked by intracellular Ca(2+) channel antagonists. We also found that propofol evoked a moderate (promote cell growth) and extremely high (cause apoptosis) cytosolic Ca(2+) elevation at the concentrations of 10 µM and 200 µM, respectively, only in ATG5(−/−) MEF. In addition, ATG5(−/−) MEF themselves released more Ca(2+) in cytosolic space and endoplasmic reticulum compared with WT cells, suggesting that autophagy deficiency made intracellular calcium signaling more vulnerable to external stimuli (propofol). Altogether, our results reveal that ATG5 plays a crucial role in propofol regulation of cell survival and proliferation by affecting intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7471456/
        doi: 10.1038/s41401-019-0303-z

         id: cord-000402-unr44dvp
     author: Yoo, Hyun Jung
      title: Gene Expression Profile during Chondrogenesis in Human Bone Marrow derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells using a cDNA Microarray
       date: 2011-06-20
      words: 3178.0
  sentences: 165.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 44.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-000402-unr44dvp.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-000402-unr44dvp.txt
    summary: title: Gene Expression Profile during Chondrogenesis in Human Bone Marrow derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells using a cDNA Microarray The expression levels of the 10 genes selected (Hrad 6B, annexin A2, BMP-7, contactin-1, peroxiredoxin-1, heat shock transcription factor-2, synaptotagmin IV, serotonin receptor-7, Axl, and IL-15) were analyzed by RT-PCR, by using total RNAs obtained from 5 samples (Fig. 4B) . The expression levels of 9 genes (Hrad 6B, annexin A2, BMP-7, contactin-1, peroxiredoxin-1, heat shock transcription factor-2, synaptotagmin IV, serotonin receptor-7, Axl) were low in undifferentiated cells and increased in differentiated cells by RT-PCR and microarray, but the expression pattern of IL-15 was different. Microarray data showed that Axl, synaptotagmin IV, Hrad6B, peroxiredoxin-1, BMP-7, heat shock transcription factor-2, annexin A2, contactin-1 and serotonin receptor-7 expressions were maintained in differentiating BM-MSCs until day 14. Gene expression profile of cytokine and growth factor during differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell
   abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the capacity to proliferate and differentiate into multiple connective tissue lineages, which include cartilage, bone, and fat. Cartilage differentiation and chondrocyte maturation are required for normal skeletal development, but the intracellular pathways regulating this process remain largely unclear. This study was designed to identify novel genes that might help clarify the molecular mechanisms of chondrogenesis. Chondrogenesis was induced by culturing human bone marrow (BM) derived MSCs in micromass pellets in the presence of defined medium for 3, 7, 14 or 21 days. Several genes regulated during chondrogenesis were then identified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Using an ABI microarray system, we determined the differential gene expression profiles of differentiated chondrocytes and BM-MSCs. Normalization of this data resulted in the identification of 1,486 differentially expressed genes. To verify gene expression profiles determined by microarray analysis, the expression levels of 10 genes with high fold changes were confirmed by RT-PCR. Gene expression patterns of 9 genes (Hrad6B, annexinA2, BMP-7, contactin-1, peroxiredoxin-1, heat shock transcription factor-2, synaptotagmin IV, serotonin receptor-7, Axl) in RT-PCR were similar to the microarray gene expression patterns. These findings provide novel information concerning genes involved in the chondrogenesis of human BM-MSCs.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3124712/
        doi: 10.3346/jkms.2011.26.7.851

         id: cord-352824-sbsg39ix
     author: Zhan, Choujun
      title: General Model for COVID-19 Spreading with Consideration of Intercity Migration, Insufficient Testing and Active Intervention: Application to Study of Pandemic Progression in Japan and USA
       date: 2020-03-30
      words: 6624.0
  sentences: 567.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 59.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-352824-sbsg39ix.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-352824-sbsg39ix.txt
    summary: A new Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Confirmed-Removed (SEICR) model with consideration of intercity travel and active intervention is proposed for predicting the spreading progression of the 2019 New Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). Furthermore, the level of intervention in the form of travel restriction, regional lockdown or other active control measures would profoundly influence the rapidity of the spread of the virus and the eventual number of infected cases. A specific parameter is used to adjust the level of active intervention in the simulation of future progression profiles, which corresponds quantitatively to the increase in the number of individuals eventually infected due to an additional infected individual at any given time. With the public raising its level of vigilance in exercising strict protective measures and the government drastically elevating its active intervention, the percentage of population getting infected can be reduced to 0.23% in Japan and 2.7% in the USA.
   abstract: A new Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Confirmed-Removed (SEICR) model with consideration of intercity travel and active intervention is proposed for predicting the spreading progression of the 2019 New Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). The model takes into account the known or reported number of infected cases being fewer than the actual number of infected individuals due to insufficient testing. The model integrates intercity travel data to track the movement of exposed and infected individuals among cities, and allows different levels of active intervention to be considered so that realistic prediction of the number of infected individuals can be performed. The data of the COVID-19 infection cases and the intercity travel data for Japan (January 15 to March 20, 2020) and the USA (February 20 to March 20, 2020) are used to illustrate the prediction of the pandemic progression in 47 regions of Japan and 50 states (plus a federal district) in the USA. By fitting the model with the data, we reveal that, as of March 19, 2020, the number of infected individuals in Japan and the USA could be twenty-fold and five-fold as many as the number of confirmed cases, respectively. Moreover, the model generates future progression profiles for different levels of intervention by setting the parameters relative to the values found from the data fitting. Results show that without tightening the implementation of active intervention, Japan and the USA will see about 6.55% and 18.2% of the population eventually infected, and with drastic ten-fold elevated active intervention, the number of people eventually infected can be reduced by up to 95% in Japan and 70% in the USA. Finally, an assessment of the relative effectiveness of active intervention and personal protective measures is discussed. With a highly vigilant public maintaining personal hygiene and exercising strict protective measures, the percentage of population infected can be further reduced to 0.23% in Japan and 2.7% in the USA.
        url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.25.20043380
        doi: 10.1101/2020.03.25.20043380

         id: cord-003738-el0wyu74
     author: Zhang, Qingxiu
      title: The interleukin-4/PPARγ signaling axis promotes oligodendrocyte differentiation and remyelination after brain injury
       date: 2019-06-21
      words: nan
  sentences: nan
      pages: 
     flesch: nan
      cache: 
        txt: 
    summary: 
   abstract: The repair of white matter damage is of paramount importance for functional recovery after brain injuries. Here, we report that interleukin-4 (IL-4) promotes oligodendrocyte regeneration and remyelination. IL-4 receptor expression was detected in a variety of glial cells after ischemic brain injury, including oligodendrocyte lineage cells. IL-4 deficiency in knockout mice resulted in greater deterioration of white matter over 14 d after stroke. Consistent with these findings, intranasal delivery of IL-4 nanoparticles after stroke improved white matter integrity and attenuated long-term sensorimotor and cognitive deficits in wild-type mice, as revealed by histological immunostaining, electron microscopy, diffusion tensor imaging, and electrophysiology. The selective effect of IL-4 on remyelination was verified in an ex vivo organotypic model of demyelination. By leveraging primary oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), microglia-depleted mice, and conditional OPC-specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) knockout mice, we discovered a direct salutary effect of IL-4 on oligodendrocyte differentiation that was mediated by the PPARγ axis. Our findings reveal a new regenerative role of IL-4 in the central nervous system (CNS), which lies beyond its known immunoregulatory functions on microglia/macrophages or peripheral lymphocytes. Therefore, intranasal IL-4 delivery may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to improve white matter integrity in stroke and other brain injuries.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6608986/
        doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000330

         id: cord-284113-qboon2uv
     author: Zheljazkov, Valtcho D.
      title: Industrial, CBD, and Wild Hemp: How Different Are Their Essential Oil Profile and Antimicrobial Activity?
       date: 2020-10-12
      words: 7499.0
  sentences: 393.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 57.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-284113-qboon2uv.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-284113-qboon2uv.txt
    summary: The hypothesis was that wild hemp would have a different EO content, composition, and antimicrobial activity compared with the EOs of registered industrial hemp cultivars, new hemp breeding lines, and a hemp strain (unregistered cultivar) that is currently used for the commercial production of CBD. Overall, the EOs of the wild hemps and registered cultivars in this study were similar to those reported previously: 0.23 to 0.31% in fresh inflorescences [14] , 0.29 to 0.19% depending on the collection time with higher EO yield from plants sampled earlier (in September than in October) [13] , and 0.1% in stems and 0.15% in the leaves of wild hemp from Austria [15] , respectively. Overall, the results from this study suggest that wild/spontaneous hemp in Europe is chemotaxonomically related to the industrial hemp varieties (cultivars) grown in Europe and deviate from the chemical profile of the USA hemp strain that was developed from marijuana-type cannabis for the commercial production of CBD.
   abstract: Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is currently one of the most controversial and promising crops. This study compared nine wild hemp (C. sativa spp. spontanea V.) accessions with 13 registered cultivars, eight breeding lines, and one cannabidiol (CBD) hemp strain belonging to C. sativa L. The first three groups had similar main essential oil (EO) constituents, but in different concentrations; the CBD hemp had a different EO profile. The concentration of the four major constituents in the industrial hemp lines and wild hemp accessions varied as follows: β-caryophyllene 11–22% and 15.4–29.6%; α-humulene 4.4–7.6% and 5.3–11.9%; caryophyllene oxide 8.6–13.7% and 0.2–31.2%; and humulene epoxide 2, 2.3–5.6% and 1.2–9.5%, respectively. The concentration of CBD in the EO of wild hemp varied from 6.9 to 52.4% of the total oil while CBD in the EO of the registered cultivars varied from 7.1 to 25%; CBD in the EO of the breeding lines and in the CBD strain varied from 6.4 to 25% and 7.4 to 8.8%, respectively. The concentrations of δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in the EO of the three groups of hemp were significantly different, with the highest concentration being 3.5%. The EO of wild hemp had greater antimicrobial activity compared with the EO of registered cultivars. This is the first report to show that significant amounts of CBD could be accumulated in the EO of wild and registered cultivars of hemp following hydro-distillation. The amount of CBD in the EO can be greater than that in the EO of the USA strain used for commercial production of CBD. Furthermore, this is among the first reports that show greater antimicrobial activity of the EO of wild hemp vs. the EO of registered cultivars. The results suggest that wild hemp may offer an excellent opportunity for future breeding and the selection of cultivars with a desirable composition of the EO and possibly CBD-rich EO production.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33053634/
        doi: 10.3390/molecules25204631

         id: cord-013601-y8pc4qfc
     author: Zhou, Bo-ya
      title: Nintedanib inhibits keloid fibroblast functions by blocking the phosphorylation of multiple kinases and enhancing receptor internalization
       date: 2020-04-23
      words: 6143.0
  sentences: 299.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 45.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-013601-y8pc4qfc.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-013601-y8pc4qfc.txt
    summary: This study aimed to explore the targeted drug effect of nintedanib on antagonizing multiple signaling pathways related to VEGF-R, FGF-R, PDGF-R, and TGF-β-R and examine its therapeutic effect on keloid fibroblast behaviors, including cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, overproduction of extracellular matrix, cell migration, and cell invasion, using in vitro and ex vivo models. However, treatment with increasing concentrations of nintedanib for 7 days significantly inhibited KFs from migrating out of the tissue explants in a dose-dependent manner with significant differences from that of the control group (P < 0.05). As presented in Fig. 4a , at the transcriptional level, treatment with the drug at concentrations of 1, 2, and 4 μM for 72 h significantly suppressed the gene expression of COL-1, FN, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and FK506-binding protein 10 (FKBP10) in a dose-dependent manner, with significant differences among the groups (P < 0.05).
   abstract: Keloid is a benign skin tumor characterized by its cell hyperproliferative activity, invasion into normal skin, uncontrolled growth, overproduction and deposition of extracellular matrices and high recurrence rate after various therapies. Nintedanib is a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting VEGF, PDGF, FGF, and TGF-β receptors with proved efficacy in anti-angiogenesis and in treating various types of cancers. In this study, we investigated the effects of nintedanib on keloid fibroblasts in both in vitro and ex vivo models. Keloid fibroblasts were prepared from 54 keloid scar samples in active stages collected from 49 patients. We found that nintedanib (1−4 μM) dose-dependently suppressed cell proliferation, induced G(0)/G(1) cell cycle arrest, and inhibited migration and invasion of keloid fibroblasts. The drug also significantly inhibited the gene and protein expression of collagen I (COL-1) and III (COL-3), fibronectin (FN), and connective growth factor (CTGF), as well as the gene expression of other pathological factors, such as alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), FK506-binding protein 10 (FKBP10), and heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) in keloid fibroblasts. Furthermore, nintedanib treatment significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of p38, JNK, ERK, STAT3, and Smad, enhanced endocytosis of various growth factor receptors. Using an ex vivo tissue explant model, we showed that nintedanib significantly suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and collagen production. The drug also significantly disrupted microvessel structure ex vivo. In summary, our results demonstrate that nintedanib is likely to become a potential targeted drug for keloid systemic therapy.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7608201/
        doi: 10.1038/s41401-020-0381-y

         id: cord-003256-8plv9q8b
     author: Zhou, Xiaoqin
      title: Review of global sanitation development
       date: 2018-11-17
      words: nan
  sentences: nan
      pages: 
     flesch: nan
      cache: 
        txt: 
    summary: 
   abstract: The implementation of the United Nations (UN) Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has resulted in an increased focus on developing innovative, sustainable sanitation techniques to address the demand for adequate and equitable sanitation in low-income areas. We examined the background, current situation, challenges, and perspectives of global sanitation. We used bibliometric analysis and word cluster analysis to evaluate sanitation research from 1992 to 2016 based on the Science Citation Index EXPANDED (SCI-EXPANDED) and Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) databases. Our results show that sanitation is a comprehensive field connected with multiple categories, and the increasing number of publications reflects a strong interest in this research area. Most of the research took place in developed countries, especially the USA, although sanitation problems are more serious in developing countries. Innovations in sanitation techniques may keep susceptible populations from contracting diseases caused by various kinds of contaminants and microorganisms. Hence, the hygienization of human excreta, resource recovery, and removal of micro-pollutants from excreta can serve as effective sustainable solutions. Commercialized technologies, like composting, anaerobic digestion, and storage, are reliable but still face challenges in addressing the links between the political, social, institutional, cultural, and educational aspects of sanitation. Innovative technologies, such as Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs), Microbial Electrolysis Cells (MECs), and struvite precipitation, are at the TRL (Technology readiness levels) 8 level, meaning that they qualify as “actual systems completed and qualified through test and demonstration.” Solutions that take into consideration economic feasibility and all the different aspects of sanitation are required. There is an urgent demand for holistic solutions considering government support, social acceptability, as well as technological reliability that can be effectively adapted to local conditions.
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6192828/
        doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.07.047

         id: cord-001521-l36f1gp7
     author: nan
      title: Oral and Poster Manuscripts
       date: 2011-04-08
      words: 183363.0
  sentences: 11362.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 53.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-001521-l36f1gp7.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-001521-l36f1gp7.txt
    summary: The IC 50 values determined in functional NI assays provide valuable information for detection of resistant viruses, but should not be used to draw direct correlations with drug concentrations needed to inhibit virus replication in the infected human host, as clinical data to support such inferences are inadequate. • Standardized reagents and protocols • Choice of detection technology • Simple instrumentation requirements • High sensitivity for use with low virus concentrations • Compatibility with batch-mode processing and largescale assay throughput • Broad specificity of influenza detection • Flexibility in assay format • Additional NA assay applications -cell-based viral assays, screening for new NIs, detection of NA from other organisms Functional neuraminidase inhibition assays enable detection of any resistance mutation and are extremely important in conjunction with sequence-based screening assays for global monitoring of virus isolates for NI resistance mutations, including known and new mutations. Such new assays need to include methods to measure local antibodies and virus-specific lymphocytes, especially in the case of live attenuated influenza vaccines, because of their potential to induce such broad-based immune responses.
   abstract: nan
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4313891/
        doi: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00209.x

         id: cord-006876-v2m5l5wz
     author: nan
      title: Neurocritical Care Society 14(th) Annual Meeting
       date: 2016-08-11
      words: 59719.0
  sentences: 3440.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 47.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-006876-v2m5l5wz.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-006876-v2m5l5wz.txt
    summary: We conducted a prospective cohort study among mild and moderate-severe TBI patients admitted to a level 1 trauma center with these inclusion criteria: 1) Age < 65 years, 2) No severe non-TBI injuries, 3) No prior cardiac disease, and 4) Minimal comorbidities. In most instances, DC has been performed based on neurosurgical evaluation of the patient with or without intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring and evidence of increased shown variable outcomes in emergency (within 4 hours of injury) neurosurgical procedure in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). This is an observational cohort study of adult patients (>18 years) in a 10-bed NSICU at an academic, tertiary care center evaluating quality outcome measures pre-and post-neurointensivists. Intensivists in neuro ICU must consistently assess and treat the non-neurological complications in traumatic brain and spine-injured patients and deliver appropriate care to bring down the mortality and morbidity and improve outcome.
   abstract: nan
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7103251/
        doi: 10.1007/s12028-016-0301-7

         id: cord-008764-j9qmw4zy
     author: nan
      title: Chapter 1 The need for chemotherapy and prophylaxis against viral diseases
       date: 2008-05-29
      words: nan
  sentences: nan
      pages: 
     flesch: nan
      cache: 
        txt: 
    summary: 
   abstract: The chapter discusses the need for chemotherapy and prophylaxis against viral diseases. It briefly mentions clinical diseases and syndromes such as influenza, respiratory tract infections, hepatitis, and arbovirus infections resulting from virus infections. Viruses causing respiratory diseases, as well as many other diseases in humans are also discussed in the chapter. It describes the vaccines that are used to check the attack of different viruses as well as their cost-effectiveness. There is a list of some viruses that have been ranked according to different variables in an attempt to select a good candidate for an antiviral drug. The incidence of the viral disease is naturally an important factor, as is the severity of the disease. The incidence can be obtained for diseases being reported in accordance with local regulations, but in many cases viral diseases are not reported and the incidence has to be calculated from different surveys. Also, a grading of the severity is not easy and an example is when herpesvirus infections are handled as a group, which includes both herpes encephalitis and cold sores. The greatest challenges and probably the most difficult and medically important areas for prophylaxis and therapy of viral diseases are the viruses that are rapidly changing in antigenic composition and/or viruses with animal reservoirs (influenza and arboviruses) and those forming latent infections (herpesviruses).
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7134146/
        doi: 10.1016/s0168-7069(08)70009-0

         id: cord-015391-zf3bx8i7
     author: nan
      title: President’s Plenary Session
       date: 2012-12-30
      words: 383.0
  sentences: 48.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 54.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-015391-zf3bx8i7.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-015391-zf3bx8i7.txt
    summary: key: cord-015391-zf3bx8i7 cord_uid: zf3bx8i7 nan Hector Barrera-Villa Zevallos, Donna Lai, Jonathan Arthur, Cecilia Ng, Robert Markham, and Ian S Fraser. Ismail Mert, and David Kmak. Muna Noori, Ann E Donald, Aroon D Hingorani, and David J Williams. Probiotic Attenuation of Infl ammatory Responses in Amnion: A Possible Role in the Prevention of Preterm Labor? Poster Session III -Douglas Pavilion S-089 Infl ammation Provoking a Cytokine Response and Disrupting the Epithelial Barrier Is Mitigated with Dexamethasone: A Possible Mechanism of Premature Cervical Remodeling and Preterm Birth Appropriate for Gestational Age-Preterm Neonates Born to Mothers with Moderate, but Not Mild or Severe, Intensity of Histologic Chorioamnionitis, Funisitis, and Intraamniotic Infl ammation without Microbial Invasion of Amniotic Cavity Have a Lower Rate of RDS. Human β Defensin -3 in Human Pregnancy: The Effect of Gestational Age, Parturition, and Intra-Amniotic Infection/Infl ammation. Infl ammation of the Fetal Skin Following Low-Grade Microbial Stimulation
   abstract: nan
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7104441/
        doi: 10.1177/1933719112442492

         id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6
     author: nan
      title: Scientific Abstracts
       date: 2008-12-23
      words: 242330.0
  sentences: 15267.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 52.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-015394-uj7fe5y6.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-015394-uj7fe5y6.txt
    summary: Studies involving immunohistochemical analysis of normal ovaries have shown that granulosa cells express significantly higher levels of the activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor, cFos compared to theca cells, where cFos expression is virtually absent. Following acute hypoxia (0.5% O2) for one to six hours, RhoA mRNA, total protein and activation (RhoA-GTP) levels were analysed, using semi-quantitative PCRs and western blot, and compared to normoxic non-pregnant human uterine smooth muscle control cells. Since there is an urgent need for non-invasive methods for determination of fetal (F) and placental (P) function, this study was designed to evaluate the genes differently and commonly expressed in P tissue and leukocytes in maternal (M) and F circulation.Material and Methods. The current study: 1) localized IL-6 mRNA levels in preeclamptic versus normal decidual sections; 2) evaluated mechanisms regulating IL-6 synthesis by targeting intracellular signaling pathways with specific inhibitors; 3) identified potential IL-6 targets by immunolocalizing the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) to specific cell types in placental bed biopsies.
   abstract: nan
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7104449/
        doi: 10.1177/19337191080150020102

         id: cord-020010-q58x6xb0
     author: nan
      title: 19th ICAR Abstracts:
       date: 2006-03-13
      words: 46663.0
  sentences: 2181.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 44.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-020010-q58x6xb0.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-020010-q58x6xb0.txt
    summary: In the present study we reported the antiviral activity of neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir against lethal H5N1 influenza virus infection in ferrets, an appropriate animal model that closely resembles clinical signs of human influenza. Earl Kern 1 , Kathy Keith 2 , Robert Jordan 2 , Dennis Hruby 2 , Debra Quenelle 2 1 Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA; 2 SIGA Technologies, Inc., Corvallis, OR, USA Although cidofovir (CDV) has been approved as an investigational new drug for emergency treatment of smallpox, its lack of oral activity and dose limiting toxicity dictates a need for continued development of better therapeutic agents for this potential bioterror disease. The in vitro antiviral activity of one of the most selective compounds, i.e. CHI-033, was assessed by (i) MTS-based cytopathic effect assays, (ii) virus yield reduction assays, (iii) real-time quantitative PCR (RT-QPCR) and (iv) by monitoring viral antigen expression.
   abstract: nan
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7133865/
        doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2006.02.001

         id: cord-023049-fio7cjj5
     author: nan
      title: 2017 Peripheral Nerve Society Meeting July 8–12, 2017 Sitges, Barcelona, Spain
       date: 2017-06-22
      words: 145485.0
  sentences: 7436.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 48.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-023049-fio7cjj5.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-023049-fio7cjj5.txt
    summary: Clinical efficacy (Medical Research Council sum score, 10-m walk, modified Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment score, Overall Neuropathy Limitations Scale, Romberg test) and patient-reported outcomes (36-item Short Form Health Survey , Life Quality Index [LQI] ) were assessed at baseline and at regular intervals until the final visit (10-14 months after switching). To explore the issue of early biomarkers in FAP, we performed skin biopsy and compared IENF density with parameters of nerve conduction studies (NCS) and quantitative sensory testing (QST) on 36 subjects (23 men, aged 55.1 ± 11.1 years) with genetic confirmation of TTR-A97S: 17 patients and 19 carriers. Results: The Gly112Ser mutation causing CMT1C is a mild form of CMT, as patients walked on time, had less weakness than those with Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease type 1A (CMT1A), had a Charcot Marie Tooth neuropathy score (CMTNS) indicative of mild disease, and had faster ulnar and median motor nerve conduction velocities compared to those with CMT1A.
   abstract: nan
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7166380/
        doi: 10.1111/jns.12225

         id: cord-023211-kt5gt26t
     author: nan
      title: Poster Session Abstracts
       date: 2007-08-29
      words: 221224.0
  sentences: 11772.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 52.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-023211-kt5gt26t.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-023211-kt5gt26t.txt
    summary: Previous studies performed using fluorescence halide efflux measurements and short-circuit current voltage clamp have shown that treatment with PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma) agonists, such as pioglitazone and FLL (FMOC-L-leucine), resulted in an increased biosynthesis and trafficking of ∆F508-CFTR to the cell surface. Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom Recent progress in the development of small molecule correctors and potentiators capable of restoring CFTR function have increased the need for pre-clinical test models including cultured airway epithelial cells from human CF patients as well as CF mouse models. Clinical studies have linked increased sputum and peripheral blood neutrophil MPO activity with increased airflow obstruction in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients of the same age, gender, airway bacterial flora, and CFTR genotype. Because patients expressing low levels of normal CFTR mRNA (5-20%) have mild disease symptoms, these studies demonstrate that the incorporation of the ciliated cell-specific FOXJ1 promoter into gene therapy vectors may be useful for treatment of CF.
   abstract: nan
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7167830/
        doi: 10.1002/ppul.20700

         id: cord-023442-4vzwc2d2
     author: nan
      title: Proceedings of SCANNING 94/SEEMS 94 Charleston, South Carolina, USA
       date: 2006-12-05
      words: 55552.0
  sentences: 2821.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 48.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-023442-4vzwc2d2.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-023442-4vzwc2d2.txt
    summary: IV-4 Scanning Vol. 16, Supplement IV (1994) Simulation of image formation and detection systems in the SEM is a vital link in performing image analysis to obtain precise measurements, to provide the necessary connection between image parameters and structural dimensions, and to reflect important microscope beam and detector parameters. By knowing the transfer function, noise, and distortion figure in digital form, it is relatively easy to obtain more accurate comparison of the measured and calculated signal (Fig. 1 The calculation of image contrast in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) can be done using Monte Carlo techniques if the electron trajectories can be calculated through the composition profiles in the specimen. Specimens providing IV-18 Scanning Vol. 16, Supplement IV (1994) FIG highly redundant structures and relatively smooth fractures, such as cell suspensions or o/w emulsions, were investigated using freeze fracture/replication and ambient temperature transmission electron microscopy (AT-TEM).
   abstract: nan
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7169609/
        doi: 10.1002/sca.4950160315

         id: cord-023837-kenstpja
     author: nan
      title: China
       date: 2019
      words: 17754.0
  sentences: 1170.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 67.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-023837-kenstpja.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-023837-kenstpja.txt
    summary: In foreign affairs, regional concerns over China''s territorial and military intentions were raised in Nov. 2013 by the government''s declaration of a new ''air defence identification zone'' over a swathe of the East China Sea including disputed islands claimed by Japan and South Korea. Regarded as the steward of the Chinese economy, Li was expected to focus on securing China''s long-term expansion and on the further provision of basic national healthcare, affordable housing, employment growth, regional development and cleaner energy. China is the world''s third largest exporter of arms after the USA and Russia, with 6·2% of the global major weapons total over the period 2012-16. GDP growth declined to 6·9% in 2015 (the slowest rate in 25 years) and fell again to 6·7% in 2016 as China attempted to reduce its reliance on exports, increase domestic consumption and develop its service sector.
   abstract: nan
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7176183/
        doi: 10.1007/978-1-349-95321-9_204

         id: cord-031907-ilhr3iu5
     author: nan
      title: ISEV2020 Abstract Book
       date: 2020-07-15
      words: 200999.0
  sentences: 11528.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 44.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-031907-ilhr3iu5.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-031907-ilhr3iu5.txt
    summary: L.M., and the National Institutes of Health (R35GM119623) to T.R.G. The addition of a size exclusion chromatography step to various urinary extracellular vesicle concentrating methods reveals differences in the small RNA profile Introduction: Urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their RNA cargo are a novel source of biomarkers for various diseases, however non-vesicular RNA (e.g. associated with proteins) is also present within urine. We then evaluated efficiency of heart targeting for eAAV9 or eAAV6 and standard AAV9 or AAV6 encoding for EGFP, mCherry or firefly luciferase in different human cell lines in vitro, in black mouse and in passive immunity nude mouse model in vivo using flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, Langendorff perfusion system and Methods: HLHS patients (n = 3) after Glenn procedure and swine (n = 3) after PAB were given RV injections of allogeneic/xenogeneic MSCs. Donor-specific, HLA-I+, exosomes were isolated from plasma.
   abstract: nan
        url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7480431/
        doi: 10.1080/20013078.2020.1784511

         id: cord-257167-rz4r5sj7
     author: nan
      title: Abstracts for the 29th Annual Meeting of the Japan Neuroscience Society (Neuroscience2006)
       date: 2006-12-31
      words: 240925.0
  sentences: 13617.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 47.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-257167-rz4r5sj7.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-257167-rz4r5sj7.txt
    summary: SY1-3-11-3 SAD: A novel kinase implicated in phosphoproteome at the presynaptic active zone Toshihisa Ohtsuka Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine/Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan SAD is a serine/threonine kianse, which has been shown to regulate various neuronal functions during development, including clustering synaptic vesicles, maturation of synapses, and axon/dendrite polarization: these have recently been revealed by genetic studies in C. The results suggest that EAAT4 plays a major role in regulating the concentration of CF transmitters, possibly glutamate, in the route of its extrasynaptic diffusion, and determining the degree of CF-induced inhibition of GABA release from BCs depending on the regional difference of EAAT4 expression in postsynaptic PCs. Chitoshi Takayama 1 , Yoshiro Inoue 1 1 Department of Molecular Neuroanatomy, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan GABA mediates inhibitory transmission in the adult central nervous system (CNS).
   abstract: nan
        url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S016801020600085X
        doi: 10.1016/j.neures.2006.04.004

         id: cord-304492-ntme8w6i
     author: nan
      title: Speaking up against inequity and racism
       date: 2020-06-16
      words: 1423.0
  sentences: 71.0
      pages: 
     flesch: 49.0
      cache: ./cache/cord-304492-ntme8w6i.txt
        txt: ./txt/cord-304492-ntme8w6i.txt
    summary: The causes of these disparities are complex and include historical and structural racism, implicit racial and social biases, entrenched economic, educational and healthcare inequities, and the cultural and behavioral trends of communities and individuals. In the USA, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) have a long-held policy on the inclusion of minorities in clinical research. It has been estimated that 22% of the cancer deaths in 2018 in the USA could have been avoided had these patients had access to and quality of health care and treatment similar to that of college-educated people 7 . From access to diagnosis, treatment and care, to population representation in the patient cohorts that inform research findings and drive clinical discovery, racial and ethnic minorities remain disadvantaged around the world. Nature Cancer stands with the Black community and minority and underrepresented groups against discrimination and intolerance.
   abstract: Inequalities are prevalent across the spectrum of cancer research and patient care, with destructive repercussions for people and society. We cannot ignore them and must act against the social injustices that perpetuate them.
        url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43018-020-0091-x
        doi: 10.1038/s43018-020-0091-x

==== make-pages.sh questions [ERIC WAS HERE]
==== make-pages.sh search
/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/make-pages.sh: line 77: /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/tmp/search.htm: No such file or directory
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/tsv2htm-search.py", line 51, in <module>
    with open( TEMPLATE, 'r' ) as handle : htm = handle.read()
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/tmp/search.htm'
==== make-pages.sh topic modeling corpus
Zipping study carrel