id sid tid token lemma pos cord-024061-gxv8y146 1 1 key key NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 1 2 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 2 1 cord-024061-gxv8y146 cord-024061-gxv8y146 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 3 1 authors author NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 3 2 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 3 3 Alkhamis Alkhamis NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 3 4 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 3 5 Moh Moh NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 3 6 A. a. NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 3 7 ; ; : cord-024061-gxv8y146 3 8 Li Li NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 3 9 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 3 10 Chong Chong NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 3 11 ; ; : cord-024061-gxv8y146 3 12 Torremorell Torremorell NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 3 13 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 3 14 Montserrat Montserrat NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 3 15 title title NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 3 16 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 3 17 Animal Animal NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 3 18 Disease Disease NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 3 19 Surveillance surveillance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 3 20 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 3 21 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 3 22 21st 21st JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 3 23 Century century NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 3 24 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 4 1 Applications application NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 4 2 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 4 3 Robustness Robustness NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 4 4 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 4 5 Phylodynamic Phylodynamic NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 4 6 Methods Methods NNPS cord-024061-gxv8y146 4 7 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 4 8 Recent Recent NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 4 9 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 4 10 Human Human NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 4 11 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 4 12 Like like JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 4 13 H3 H3 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 4 14 Swine Swine NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 4 15 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 4 16 Outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 4 17 date date NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 4 18 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 4 19 2020 2020 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 4 20 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 4 21 04 04 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 4 22 - - SYM cord-024061-gxv8y146 4 23 21 21 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 4 24 journal journal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 4 25 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 5 1 Front front JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 5 2 Vet Vet NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 5 3 Sci Sci NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 5 4 DOI DOI NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 6 1 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 6 2 10.3389 10.3389 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 6 3 / / SYM cord-024061-gxv8y146 6 4 fvets.2020.00176 fvets.2020.00176 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 6 5 sha sha NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 6 6 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 6 7 80fbd7407b778e7aa4b5304e62ede135d2e8e59a 80fbd7407b778e7aa4b5304e62ede135d2e8e59a CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 6 8 doc_id doc_id CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 6 9 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 7 1 24061 24061 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 7 2 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 7 3 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 8 1 gxv8y146 gxv8y146 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 8 2 Emerging Emerging NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 8 3 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 8 4 endemic endemic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 8 5 animal animal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 8 6 viral viral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 8 7 diseases disease NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 8 8 continue continue VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 8 9 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 8 10 impose impose VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 8 11 substantial substantial JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 8 12 impacts impact NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 8 13 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 8 14 animal animal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 8 15 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 8 16 human human JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 8 17 health health NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 8 18 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 9 1 Most most RBS cord-024061-gxv8y146 9 2 current current JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 9 3 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 9 4 past past JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 9 5 molecular molecular JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 9 6 surveillance surveillance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 9 7 studies study NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 9 8 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 9 9 animal animal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 9 10 diseases disease NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 9 11 investigated investigate VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 9 12 spatio spatio JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 9 13 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 9 14 temporal temporal JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 9 15 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 9 16 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 9 17 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 9 18 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 9 19 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 9 20 viruses virus NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 9 21 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 9 22 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 9 23 disjointed disjointed JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 9 24 analytical analytical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 9 25 framework framework NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 9 26 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 9 27 ignoring ignore VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 9 28 many many JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 9 29 uncertainties uncertainty NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 9 30 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 9 31 made make VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 9 32 joint joint JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 9 33 conclusions conclusion NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 9 34 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 9 35 both both DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 9 36 analytical analytical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 9 37 approaches approach NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 9 38 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 10 1 Phylodynamic Phylodynamic NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 10 2 methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 10 3 offer offer VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 10 4 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 10 5 uniquely uniquely RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 10 6 integrated integrate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 10 7 platform platform NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 10 8 capable capable JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 10 9 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 10 10 inferring infer VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 10 11 complex complex JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 10 12 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 10 13 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 10 14 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 10 15 processes process NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 10 16 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 10 17 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 10 18 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 10 19 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 10 20 viruses virus NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 10 21 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 10 22 populations population NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 10 23 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 10 24 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 10 25 single single JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 10 26 Bayesian bayesian JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 10 27 statistical statistical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 10 28 framework framework NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 10 29 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 11 1 In in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 11 2 this this DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 11 3 study study NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 11 4 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 11 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 11 6 reviewed review VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 11 7 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 11 8 outlined outline VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 11 9 basic basic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 11 10 concepts concept NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 11 11 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 11 12 aspects aspect NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 11 13 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 11 14 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 11 15 methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 11 16 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 11 17 attempted attempt VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 11 18 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 11 19 summarize summarize VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 11 20 essential essential JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 11 21 components component NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 11 22 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 11 23 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 11 24 methodology methodology NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 11 25 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 11 26 one one CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 11 27 analytical analytical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 11 28 pipeline pipeline NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 11 29 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 11 30 facilitate facilitate VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 11 31 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 11 32 proper proper JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 11 33 use use NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 11 34 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 11 35 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 11 36 methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 11 37 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 11 38 animal animal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 11 39 health health NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 11 40 researchers researcher NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 11 41 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 1 Also also RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 4 challenged challenge VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 5 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 6 robustness robustness NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 7 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 8 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 9 posterior posterior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 10 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 11 parameters parameter NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 12 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 13 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 14 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 15 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 16 commonly commonly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 17 used use VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 18 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 19 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 20 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 21 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 22 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 24 HA HA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 26 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 27 polymerase polymerase VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 28 basic basic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 29 2 2 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 31 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 33 segments segment NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 34 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 35 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 36 currently currently RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 37 circulating circulate VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 38 human human NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 39 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 40 like like JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 41 H3 H3 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 42 swine swine NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 43 influenza influenza NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 45 SI SI NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 47 viruses virus NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 48 isolated isolate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 49 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 50 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 51 United United NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 52 States States NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 53 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 54 multiple multiple JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 55 priors prior NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 12 56 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 13 1 Subsequently subsequently RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 13 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 13 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 13 4 compared compare VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 13 5 similarities similarity NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 13 6 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 13 7 differences difference NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 13 8 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 13 9 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 13 10 posterior posterior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 13 11 parameters parameter NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 13 12 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 13 13 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 13 14 sequence sequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 13 15 data datum NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 13 16 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 13 17 multiple multiple JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 13 18 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 13 19 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 13 20 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 14 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 14 2 suggested suggest VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 14 3 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 14 4 approach approach NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 14 5 attempts attempt VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 14 6 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 14 7 reduce reduce VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 14 8 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 14 9 impact impact NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 14 10 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 14 11 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 14 12 inherent inherent JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 14 13 limitations limitation NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 14 14 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 14 15 offer offer VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 14 16 less less RBR cord-024061-gxv8y146 14 17 biased biased JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 14 18 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 14 19 biologically biologically RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 14 20 plausible plausible JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 14 21 inferences inference NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 14 22 about about IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 14 23 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 14 24 pathogen pathogen NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 14 25 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 14 26 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 14 27 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 14 28 properly properly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 14 29 guide guide VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 14 30 intervention intervention NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 14 31 activities activity NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 14 32 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 15 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 15 2 also also RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 15 3 pinpointed pinpoint VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 15 4 requirements requirement NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 15 5 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 15 6 challenges challenge NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 15 7 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 15 8 integrating integrate VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 15 9 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 15 10 methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 15 11 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 15 12 routine routine JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 15 13 animal animal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 15 14 disease disease NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 15 15 surveillance surveillance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 15 16 activities activity NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 15 17 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 16 1 In in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 16 2 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 16 3 past past JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 16 4 few few JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 16 5 decades decade NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 16 6 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 16 7 genetic genetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 16 8 analysis analysis NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 16 9 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 16 10 rapidly rapidly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 16 11 evolving evolve VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 16 12 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 16 13 has have VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 16 14 become become VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 16 15 an an DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 16 16 integral integral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 16 17 part part NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 16 18 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 16 19 animal animal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 16 20 disease disease NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 16 21 surveillance surveillance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 16 22 systems system NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 16 23 worldwide worldwide RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 16 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 16 25 1 1 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 16 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 16 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 16 28 2 2 LS cord-024061-gxv8y146 16 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 16 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 16 31 3 3 LS cord-024061-gxv8y146 16 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 16 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 16 34 4 4 LS cord-024061-gxv8y146 16 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 16 36 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 1 Most most RBS cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 2 current current JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 3 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 4 past past JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 5 molecular molecular JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 6 surveillance surveillance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 7 studies study NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 8 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 9 animal animal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 10 disease disease NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 11 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 12 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 13 both both DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 14 public public JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 15 health health NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 16 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 17 economical economical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 18 importance importance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 19 such such JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 20 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 21 influenza influenza NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 23 5 5 LS cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 26 6 6 LS cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 29 7 7 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 31 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 32 foot foot NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 33 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 34 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 35 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 36 mouth mouth NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 37 disease disease NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 39 FMD FMD NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 42 8) 8) NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 44 9 9 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 47 10 10 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 49 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 50 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 51 porcine porcine JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 52 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 53 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 54 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 55 syndrome syndrome NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 56 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 57 PRRS PRRS NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 17 58 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 18 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 18 2 11 11 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 18 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 18 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 18 5 12 12 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 18 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 18 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 18 8 13 13 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 18 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 18 10 viruses virus NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 18 11 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 18 12 dependent dependent JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 18 13 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 18 14 classical classical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 18 15 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 18 16 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 18 17 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 18 18 methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 18 19 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 1 These these DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 2 studies study NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 3 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 4 surveillance surveillance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 5 systems system NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 6 used use VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 7 classical classical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 8 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 9 methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 10 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 11 including include VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 12 parsimony parsimony NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 13 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 14 neighbor neighbor NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 15 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 16 joining joining NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 17 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 18 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 19 maximum maximum JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 20 likelihood likelihood NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 22 ML ml NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 24 approaches approach VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 25 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 26 either either DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 27 genotype genotype NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 28 novel novel NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 29 emerging emerge VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 30 strains strain NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 31 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 32 classify classify VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 33 viral viral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 34 lineages lineage NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 35 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 36 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 37 assess assess VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 38 tree tree NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 39 topologies topology NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 40 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 41 distinguish distinguish VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 42 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 43 novel novel NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 44 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 45 emerging emerge VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 46 strains strain NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 48 6 6 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 49 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 50 7 7 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 51 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 52 13 13 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 19 54 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 1 In in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 2 addition addition NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 3 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 4 classical classical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 5 phylogenetic phylogenetic NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 6 approaches approach NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 7 were be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 8 used use VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 9 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 10 assess assess VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 11 correlations correlation NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 12 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 13 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 14 similarities similarity NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 15 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 16 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 17 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 18 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 19 related relate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 20 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 21 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 22 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 23 while while IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 24 ignoring ignore VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 25 uncertainties uncertainty NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 26 associated associate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 27 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 28 estimates estimate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 29 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 30 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 31 relationships relationship NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 32 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 33 host host NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 34 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 35 temporal temporal JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 36 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 37 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 38 spatial spatial JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 39 factors factor NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 41 7 7 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 42 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 43 10 10 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 44 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 45 11 11 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 46 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 47 14 14 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 20 49 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 21 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 21 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 21 3 they -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 21 4 investigated investigate VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 21 5 spatio spatio JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 21 6 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 21 7 temporal temporal JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 21 8 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 21 9 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 21 10 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 21 11 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 21 12 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 21 13 virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 21 14 isolates isolate VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 21 15 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 21 16 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 21 17 disjointed disjointed JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 21 18 analytical analytical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 21 19 framework framework NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 21 20 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 21 21 made make VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 21 22 joint joint JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 21 23 conclusions conclusion NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 21 24 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 21 25 both both DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 21 26 analytical analytical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 21 27 approaches approach NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 21 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 21 29 7 7 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 21 30 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 21 31 10 10 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 21 32 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 21 33 11 11 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 21 34 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 21 35 14 14 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 21 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 21 37 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 22 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 22 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 22 3 many many JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 22 4 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 22 5 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 22 6 past past JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 22 7 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 22 8 current current JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 22 9 molecular molecular JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 22 10 surveillance surveillance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 22 11 studies study NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 22 12 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 22 13 animal animal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 22 14 diseases disease NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 22 15 have have VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 22 16 ignored ignore VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 22 17 that that IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 22 18 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 22 19 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 22 20 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 22 21 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 22 22 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 22 23 rapidly rapidly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 22 24 evolving evolve VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 22 25 viruses virus NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 22 26 occur occur VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 22 27 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 22 28 approximately approximately RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 22 29 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 22 30 same same JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 22 31 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 22 32 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 22 33 scale scale NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 22 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 22 35 15 15 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 22 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 22 37 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 23 1 Thus thus RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 23 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 23 3 studying study VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 23 4 them -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 23 5 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 23 6 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 23 7 unified unified JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 23 8 analytical analytical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 23 9 framework framework NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 23 10 will will MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 23 11 refine refine VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 23 12 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 23 13 interpretations interpretation NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 23 14 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 23 15 limit limit VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 23 16 biased biased JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 23 17 conclusions conclusion NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 23 18 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 23 19 subsequently subsequently RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 23 20 improving improve VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 23 21 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 23 22 related relate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 23 23 molecular molecular JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 23 24 surveillance surveillance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 23 25 activities activity NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 23 26 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 24 1 Classical classical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 24 2 phylogenetic phylogenetic NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 24 3 approaches approach NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 24 4 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 24 5 not not RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 24 6 capable capable JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 24 7 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 24 8 accounting account VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 24 9 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 24 10 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 24 11 uncertainties uncertainty NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 24 12 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 24 13 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 24 14 processes process NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 24 15 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 24 16 rapidly rapidly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 24 17 evolving evolve VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 24 18 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 24 19 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 24 20 integrating integrate VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 24 21 related related JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 24 22 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 24 23 features feature NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 24 24 into into IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 24 25 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 24 26 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 24 27 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 24 28 which which WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 24 29 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 24 30 an an DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 24 31 important important JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 24 32 advantage advantage NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 24 33 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 24 34 Bayesian bayesian JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 24 35 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 24 36 methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 24 37 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 25 1 The the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 25 2 Bayesian bayesian JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 25 3 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 25 4 methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 25 5 were be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 25 6 borrowed borrow VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 25 7 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 25 8 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 25 9 field field NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 25 10 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 25 11 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 25 12 biology biology NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 25 13 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 25 14 have have VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 25 15 become become VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 25 16 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 25 17 powerful powerful JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 25 18 tool tool NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 25 19 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 25 20 exploring explore VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 25 21 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 25 22 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 25 23 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 25 24 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 25 25 infectious infectious JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 25 26 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 25 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 25 28 14 14 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 25 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 25 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 25 31 15 15 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 25 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 25 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 25 34 16 16 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 25 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 25 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 25 37 17 17 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 25 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 25 39 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 26 1 During during IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 26 2 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 26 3 last last JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 26 4 two two CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 26 5 decades decade NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 26 6 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 26 7 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 26 8 rapid rapid JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 26 9 growth growth NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 26 10 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 26 11 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 26 12 ' ' POS cord-024061-gxv8y146 26 13 genetic genetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 26 14 data datum NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 26 15 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 26 16 computational computational JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 26 17 resources resource NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 26 18 increased increase VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 26 19 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 26 20 applications application NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 26 21 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 26 22 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 26 23 methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 26 24 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 26 25 animal animal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 26 26 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 26 27 human human JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 26 28 disease disease NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 26 29 surveillance surveillance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 26 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 26 31 17 17 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 26 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 26 33 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 27 1 These these DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 27 2 methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 27 3 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 27 4 capable capable JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 27 5 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 27 6 accounting account VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 27 7 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 27 8 uncertainties uncertainty NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 27 9 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 27 10 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 27 11 uniquely uniquely RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 27 12 integrate integrate VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 27 13 complex complex JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 27 14 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 27 15 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 27 16 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 27 17 processes process NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 27 18 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 27 19 populations population NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 27 20 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 27 21 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 27 22 single single JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 27 23 Bayesian bayesian JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 27 24 statistical statistical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 27 25 framework framework NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 27 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 27 27 18 18 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 27 28 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 27 29 19 19 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 27 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 27 31 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 28 1 This this DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 28 2 framework framework NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 28 3 handles handle VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 28 4 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 28 5 parameters parameter NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 28 6 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 28 7 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 28 8 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 28 9 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 28 10 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 28 11 random random JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 28 12 variables variable NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 28 13 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 28 14 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 28 15 which which WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 28 16 each each DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 28 17 parameter parameter NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 28 18 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 28 19 set set VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 28 20 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 28 21 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 28 22 specified specify VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 28 23 prior prior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 28 24 probability probability NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 28 25 distribution distribution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 28 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 28 27 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 28 28 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 28 29 parallel parallel NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 28 30 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 28 31 posterior posterior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 28 32 probability probability NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 28 33 distribution distribution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 28 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 28 35 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 29 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 29 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 29 3 this this DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 29 4 innovative innovative JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 29 5 quantitative quantitative JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 29 6 integration integration NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 29 7 improved improve VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 29 8 disease disease NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 29 9 investigation investigation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 29 10 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 29 11 answering answer VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 29 12 novel novel JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 29 13 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 29 14 questions question NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 29 15 about about IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 29 16 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 29 17 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 29 18 history history NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 29 19 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 29 20 spatiotemporal spatiotemporal JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 29 21 origins origin NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 29 22 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 29 23 within within IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 29 24 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 29 25 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 29 26 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 29 27 host host NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 29 28 transmission transmission NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 29 29 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 29 30 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 29 31 environmental environmental JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 29 32 risk risk NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 29 33 factors factor NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 29 34 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 29 35 rapidly rapidly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 29 36 evolving evolve VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 29 37 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 29 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 29 39 17 17 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 29 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 29 41 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 30 1 In in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 30 2 fact fact NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 30 3 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 30 4 during during IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 30 5 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 30 6 last last JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 30 7 decade decade NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 30 8 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 30 9 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 30 10 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 30 11 have have VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 30 12 become become VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 30 13 well well RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 30 14 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 30 15 established establish VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 30 16 tools tool NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 30 17 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 30 18 studying study VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 30 19 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 30 20 evolution evolution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 30 21 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 30 22 animal animal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 30 23 viral viral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 30 24 diseases disease NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 31 1 specially specially RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 31 2 influenza influenza NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 31 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 31 4 20 20 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 31 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 31 6 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 31 7 FMD FMD NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 31 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 31 9 17 17 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 31 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 31 11 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 31 12 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 31 13 PRRS PRRS NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 31 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 31 15 21 21 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 31 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 31 17 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 1 Besides besides RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 3 several several JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 4 studies study NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 5 advocated advocate VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 6 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 7 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 8 integration integration NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 9 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 10 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 11 methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 12 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 13 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 14 routinely routinely RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 15 molecular molecular JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 16 surveillance surveillance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 17 pipelines pipeline NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 18 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 19 animal animal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 20 diseases disease NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 21 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 22 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 23 objectives objective NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 24 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 25 reclassifying reclassify VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 26 viral viral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 27 genotypes genotype NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 28 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 29 distinguishing distinguish VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 30 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 31 emerging emerge VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 32 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 33 endemic endemic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 34 viral viral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 35 strains strain NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 36 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 37 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 38 selecting select VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 39 proper proper JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 40 vaccine vaccine NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 41 strains strain NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 43 17 17 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 44 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 46 21 21 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 49 22 22 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 51 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 52 23 23 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 32 54 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 1 These these DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 2 approaches approach NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 3 will will MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 4 provide provide VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 5 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 6 robust robust JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 7 platform platform NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 8 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 9 guiding guide VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 10 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 11 allocation allocation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 12 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 13 resources resource NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 14 within within IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 15 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 16 surveillance surveillance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 17 system system NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 18 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 19 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 20 example example NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 21 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 22 targeting target VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 23 emerging emerge VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 24 strains strain NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 25 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 26 higher high JJR cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 27 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 28 rates rate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 29 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 30 hosts host NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 31 at at IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 32 high high JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 33 risk risk NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 34 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 35 generating generate VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 36 new new JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 37 strains strain NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 38 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 39 which which WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 40 subsequently subsequently RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 41 will will MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 42 reduce reduce VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 43 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 44 economic economic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 45 costs cost NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 46 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 47 sampling sampling NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 48 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 49 control control NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 50 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 51 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 52 prevention prevention NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 53 activities activity NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 33 54 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 34 1 Phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 34 2 methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 34 3 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 34 4 implemented implement VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 34 5 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 34 6 many many JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 34 7 open open JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 34 8 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 34 9 source source NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 34 10 statistical statistical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 34 11 software software NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 34 12 packages package NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 34 13 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 34 14 while while IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 34 15 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 34 16 most most RBS cord-024061-gxv8y146 34 17 popular popular JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 34 18 user user NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 34 19 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 34 20 friendly friendly JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 34 21 software software NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 34 22 package package NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 34 23 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 34 24 formally formally RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 34 25 known know VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 34 26 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 34 27 Bayesian bayesian JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 34 28 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 34 29 analysis analysis NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 34 30 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 34 31 sampling sampling NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 34 32 tree tree NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 34 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 34 34 BEAST beast NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 34 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 34 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 34 37 24 24 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 34 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 34 39 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 1 While while IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 2 past past JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 3 studies study NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 4 illustrated illustrate VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 5 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 6 great great JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 7 potential potential NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 8 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 9 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 10 tools tool NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 11 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 12 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 13 methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 14 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 15 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 16 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 17 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 18 density density NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 19 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 20 coverage coverage NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 21 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 22 sequence sequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 23 sampling sampling NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 24 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 25 selection selection NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 26 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 27 genetic genetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 28 regions region NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 29 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 30 quality quality NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 31 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 32 quantity quantity NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 33 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 34 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 35 associated associate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 36 surveillance surveillance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 37 data datum NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 38 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 39 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 40 prior prior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 41 selection selection NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 42 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 43 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 44 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 45 parameters parameter NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 47 15 15 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 48 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 49 25 25 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 50 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 51 26 26 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 35 53 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 36 1 These these DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 36 2 limitations limitation NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 36 3 may may MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 36 4 result result VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 36 5 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 36 6 biased biased JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 36 7 posterior posterior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 36 8 inferences inference NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 36 9 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 36 10 which which WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 36 11 subsequently subsequently RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 36 12 lead lead VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 36 13 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 36 14 inaccurate inaccurate JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 36 15 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 36 16 biological biological JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 36 17 implausible implausible JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 36 18 conclusions conclusion NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 36 19 about about IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 36 20 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 36 21 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 36 22 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 36 23 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 36 24 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 36 25 pathogen pathogen NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 36 26 under under IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 36 27 study study NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 36 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 36 29 e.g. e.g. RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 36 30 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 36 31 false false JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 36 32 divergence divergence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 36 33 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 36 34 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 36 35 geographical geographical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 36 36 origins origin NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 36 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 36 38 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 37 1 That that DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 37 2 said say VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 37 3 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 37 4 most most JJS cord-024061-gxv8y146 37 5 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 37 6 studies study NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 37 7 suffer suffer VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 37 8 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 37 9 these these DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 37 10 inherent inherent JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 37 11 limitations limitation NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 37 12 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 38 1 However however RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 38 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 38 3 setting set VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 38 4 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 38 5 thorough thorough JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 38 6 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 38 7 analytical analytical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 38 8 pipeline pipeline NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 38 9 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 38 10 while while IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 38 11 acknowledging acknowledge VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 38 12 these these DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 38 13 limitations limitation NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 38 14 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 38 15 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 38 16 reduce reduce VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 38 17 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 38 18 impact impact NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 38 19 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 38 20 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 38 21 resulting result VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 38 22 posterior posterior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 38 23 inferences inference NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 38 24 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 38 25 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 38 26 related related JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 38 27 conclusions conclusion NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 38 28 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 1 Unfortunately unfortunately RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 3 many many JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 4 published publish VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 5 phylodynamic phylodynamic NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 6 studies study NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 7 ignored ignore VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 8 such such JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 9 limitations limitation NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 10 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 11 particularly particularly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 12 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 13 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 14 analytical analytical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 15 approach approach NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 16 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 17 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 18 which which WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 19 they -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 20 used use VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 21 simple simple JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 22 naïve naïve JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 23 priors prior NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 24 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 25 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 26 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 27 parameters parameter NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 28 while while IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 29 ignoring ignore VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 30 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 31 underlying underlie VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 32 assumptions assumption NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 33 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 34 these these DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 35 priors prior NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 37 27 27 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 40 28 28 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 43 29 29 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 46 30 30 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 49 31 31 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 39 51 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 1 For for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 2 example example NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 3 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 4 prior prior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 5 selection selection NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 6 should should MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 7 adhere adhere VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 8 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 9 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 10 assumption assumption NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 11 that that IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 12 different different JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 13 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 14 have have VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 15 unique unique JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 16 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 17 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 19 14 14 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 21 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 22 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 23 therefore therefore RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 24 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 25 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 26 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 27 same same JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 28 simple simple JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 29 prior prior RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 30 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 31 different different JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 32 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 33 will will MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 34 likely likely RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 35 lead lead VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 36 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 37 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 38 conclusion conclusion NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 39 that that IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 40 such such JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 41 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 42 behaved behave VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 43 similarly similarly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 44 during during IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 45 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 46 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 47 history history NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 40 48 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 41 1 Also also RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 41 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 41 3 these these DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 41 4 studies study NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 41 5 ignored ignore VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 41 6 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 41 7 impact impact NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 41 8 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 41 9 selecting select VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 41 10 different different JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 41 11 prior prior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 41 12 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 41 13 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 41 14 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 41 15 posterior posterior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 41 16 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 41 17 inferences inference NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 41 18 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 41 19 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 41 20 pathogen pathogen NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 41 21 under under IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 41 22 study study NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 41 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 41 24 26 26 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 41 25 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 41 26 32 32 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 41 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 41 28 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 42 1 For for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 42 2 example example NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 42 3 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 42 4 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 42 5 use use NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 42 6 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 42 7 different different JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 42 8 prior prior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 42 9 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 42 10 often often RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 42 11 leads lead VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 42 12 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 42 13 different different JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 42 14 conclusions conclusion NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 42 15 about about IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 42 16 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 42 17 geographical geographical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 42 18 origins origin NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 42 19 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 42 20 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 42 21 pathogen pathogen NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 42 22 under under IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 42 23 study study NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 42 24 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 42 25 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 42 26 hence hence RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 42 27 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 42 28 Bayesian bayesian JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 42 29 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 42 30 selection selection NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 42 31 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 42 32 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 42 33 critical critical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 42 34 step step NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 42 35 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 42 36 phylodynamic phylodynamic NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 42 37 analysis analysis NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 42 38 pipelines pipeline NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 42 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 42 40 25 25 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 42 41 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 42 42 33 33 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 42 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 42 44 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 43 1 There there EX cord-024061-gxv8y146 43 2 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 43 3 many many JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 43 4 studies study NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 43 5 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 43 6 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 43 7 published publish VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 43 8 literature literature NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 43 9 comparing compare VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 43 10 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 43 11 results result NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 43 12 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 43 13 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 43 14 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 43 15 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 43 16 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 43 17 different different JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 43 18 gene gene NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 43 19 segments segment NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 43 20 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 43 21 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 43 22 parameters parameter NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 43 23 ' ' POS cord-024061-gxv8y146 43 24 priors prior NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 43 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 43 26 34 34 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 43 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 43 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 43 29 35 35 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 43 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 43 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 43 32 36 36 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 43 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 43 34 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 44 1 However however RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 44 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 44 3 few few JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 44 4 studies study NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 44 5 raised raise VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 44 6 concerns concern NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 44 7 about about IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 44 8 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 44 9 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 44 10 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 44 11 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 44 12 results result NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 44 13 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 44 14 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 44 15 choice choice NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 44 16 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 44 17 different different JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 44 18 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 44 19 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 44 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 44 21 20 20 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 44 22 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 44 23 26 26 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 44 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 44 25 as as RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 44 26 well well RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 44 27 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 44 28 suggested suggest VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 44 29 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 44 30 focused focus VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 44 31 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 44 32 analytical analytical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 44 33 pipeline pipeline NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 44 34 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 44 35 animal animal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 44 36 disease disease NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 44 37 molecular molecular JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 44 38 surveillance surveillance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 44 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 44 40 37 37 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 44 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 44 42 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 45 1 Here here RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 45 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 45 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 45 4 demonstrate demonstrate VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 45 5 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 45 6 basic basic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 45 7 principles principle NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 45 8 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 45 9 building build VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 45 10 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 45 11 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 45 12 analytical analytical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 45 13 pipeline pipeline NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 45 14 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 45 15 illustrate illustrate VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 45 16 examples example NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 45 17 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 45 18 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 45 19 impact impact NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 45 20 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 45 21 gene gene NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 45 22 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 45 23 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 45 24 prior prior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 45 25 selection selection NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 45 26 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 45 27 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 45 28 posterior posterior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 45 29 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 45 30 inferences inference NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 45 31 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 45 32 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 45 33 highlight highlight VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 45 34 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 45 35 prospects prospect NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 45 36 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 45 37 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 45 38 methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 45 39 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 45 40 improving improve VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 45 41 animal animal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 45 42 disease disease NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 45 43 surveillance surveillance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 45 44 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 46 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 46 2 selected select VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 46 3 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 46 4 publicly publicly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 46 5 available available JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 46 6 dataset dataset NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 46 7 compromising compromising NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 46 8 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 46 9 352 352 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 46 10 full full JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 46 11 genome genome NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 46 12 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 46 13 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 46 14 human human NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 46 15 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 46 16 like like JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 46 17 H3 H3 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 46 18 swine swine NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 46 19 SI si NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 46 20 collected collect VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 46 21 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 46 22 part part NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 46 23 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 46 24 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 46 25 United United NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 46 26 States States NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 46 27 Department Department NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 46 28 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 46 29 Agriculture Agriculture NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 46 30 influenza influenza NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 46 31 surveillance surveillance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 46 32 system system NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 46 33 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 46 34 2015 2015 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 46 35 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 46 36 2018 2018 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 46 37 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 46 38 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 46 39 working work VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 46 40 example example NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 46 41 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 47 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 47 2 provided provide VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 47 3 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 47 4 detailed detailed JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 47 5 description description NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 47 6 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 47 7 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 47 8 classical classical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 47 9 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 47 10 analytical analytical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 47 11 pipeline pipeline NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 47 12 encompassing encompass VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 47 13 both both CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 47 14 demographic demographic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 47 15 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 47 16 discrete discrete JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 47 17 phylogeographic phylogeographic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 47 18 reconstruction reconstruction NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 47 19 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 47 20 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 47 21 human human NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 47 22 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 47 23 like like JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 47 24 H3 H3 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 47 25 virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 47 26 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 47 27 BEAST BEAST NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 47 28 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 2 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 3 analyses analysis NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 4 included include VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 5 comparisons comparison NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 6 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 7 commonly commonly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 8 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 9 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 10 posterior posterior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 11 parameters parameter NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 13 e.g. e.g. RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 14 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 15 substitution substitution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 16 rate rate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 17 / / SYM cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 18 site site NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 19 / / SYM cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 20 year year NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 21 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 22 divergence divergence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 23 times time NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 24 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 25 phylogeographic phylogeographic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 26 root root NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 27 state state NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 28 posterior posterior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 29 probabilities probability NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 30 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 31 significant significant JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 32 dispersal dispersal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 33 route route NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 34 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 35 states state NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 37 under under IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 38 different different JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 39 combinations combination NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 40 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 41 node node NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 42 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 43 age age NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 44 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 45 branch branch NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 46 rate rate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 47 prior prior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 48 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 48 49 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 49 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 49 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 49 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 49 4 extended extend VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 49 5 this this DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 49 6 analytical analytical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 49 7 pipeline pipeline NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 49 8 into into IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 49 9 comparing compare VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 49 10 posterior posterior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 49 11 parameters parameter NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 49 12 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 49 13 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 49 14 HA HA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 49 15 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 49 16 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 49 17 gene gene NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 49 18 segments segment NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 49 19 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 50 1 Interpretation interpretation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 50 2 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 50 3 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 50 4 resulting result VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 50 5 posterior posterior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 50 6 inferences inference NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 50 7 under under IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 50 8 different different JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 50 9 scenarios scenario NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 50 10 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 50 11 described describe VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 50 12 above above RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 50 13 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 50 14 has have VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 50 15 been be VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 50 16 discussed discuss VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 50 17 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 50 18 detail detail NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 50 19 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 50 20 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 50 21 we -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 50 22 highlighted highlight VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 50 23 examples example NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 50 24 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 50 25 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 50 26 misuse misuse NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 50 27 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 50 28 past past JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 50 29 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 50 30 studies study NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 50 31 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 51 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 51 2 results result NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 51 3 identified identify VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 51 4 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 51 5 prospects prospect NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 51 6 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 51 7 limitations limitation NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 51 8 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 51 9 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 51 10 presented present VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 51 11 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 51 12 pipeline pipeline NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 51 13 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 51 14 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 51 15 context context NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 51 16 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 51 17 animal animal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 51 18 disease disease NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 51 19 surveillance surveillance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 51 20 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 51 21 regional regional JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 51 22 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 51 23 global global JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 51 24 scales scale NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 51 25 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 4 results result NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 5 provide provide VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 6 researchers researcher NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 7 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 8 stakeholders stakeholder NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 9 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 10 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 11 swine swine NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 12 industry industry NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 13 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 14 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 15 United United NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 16 States States NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 17 valuable valuable JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 18 insights insight NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 19 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 20 decisions decision NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 21 related relate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 22 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 23 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 24 sampling sampling NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 25 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 26 sequencing sequencing NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 27 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 28 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 29 influenza influenza NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 30 virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 31 genome genome NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 32 when when WRB cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 33 conducting conduct VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 34 future future JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 35 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 36 studies study NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 37 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 38 improving improve VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 39 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 40 design design NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 41 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 42 currently currently RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 43 implemented implement VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 44 surveillance surveillance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 45 systems system NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 52 46 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 53 1 The the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 53 2 summary summary NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 53 3 flow flow NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 53 4 chart chart NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 53 5 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 53 6 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 53 7 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 53 8 analytical analytical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 53 9 pipeline pipeline NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 53 10 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 53 11 presented present VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 53 12 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 53 13 Figure figure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 53 14 1 1 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 53 15 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 54 1 This this DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 54 2 Bayesian bayesian JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 54 3 statistical statistical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 54 4 framework framework NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 54 5 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 54 6 popular popular JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 54 7 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 54 8 well well RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 54 9 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 54 10 established establish VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 54 11 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 54 12 studying study VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 54 13 rapidly rapidly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 54 14 evolving evolve VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 54 15 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 54 16 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 54 17 described describe VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 54 18 elsewhere elsewhere RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 54 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 54 20 37 37 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 54 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 54 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 54 23 38 38 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 54 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 54 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 54 26 39 39 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 54 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 54 28 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 55 1 The the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 55 2 pipeline pipeline NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 55 3 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 55 4 divided divide VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 55 5 into into IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 55 6 five five CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 55 7 steps step NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 55 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 55 9 Figure figure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 55 10 1 1 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 55 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 55 12 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 55 13 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 55 14 which which WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 55 15 two two CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 55 16 steps step NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 55 17 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 55 18 dedicated dedicate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 55 19 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 55 20 sequence sequence VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 55 21 preparation preparation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 55 22 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 55 23 curation curation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 55 24 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 55 25 relevant relevant JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 55 26 viral viral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 55 27 lineages lineage NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 55 28 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 55 29 while while IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 55 30 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 55 31 following follow VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 55 32 three three CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 55 33 steps step NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 55 34 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 55 35 dedicated dedicate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 55 36 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 55 37 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 55 38 analyses analysis NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 55 39 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 55 40 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 55 41 subsequently subsequently RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 55 42 selected select VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 55 43 lineages lineage NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 55 44 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 56 1 A a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 56 2 critical critical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 56 3 step step NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 56 4 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 56 5 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 56 6 sound sound JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 56 7 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 56 8 analysis analysis NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 56 9 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 56 10 sequence sequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 56 11 preparation preparation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 56 12 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 57 1 This this DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 57 2 step step NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 57 3 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 57 4 take take VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 57 5 two two CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 57 6 directions direction NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 57 7 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 57 8 depending depend VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 57 9 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 57 10 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 57 11 study study NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 57 12 design design NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 57 13 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 57 14 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 57 15 objectives objective NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 57 16 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 57 17 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 57 18 analysis analysis NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 57 19 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 1 The the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 2 first first JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 3 direction direction NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 4 involves involve VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 5 primary primary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 6 data data NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 7 analyses analysis NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 8 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 9 novel novel NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 10 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 11 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 12 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 13 which which WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 14 they -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 15 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 16 either either DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 17 part part NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 18 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 19 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 20 designed design VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 21 study study NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 22 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 23 identify identify VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 24 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 25 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 26 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 27 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 28 newly newly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 29 emerging emerge VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 30 viral viral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 31 strains strain NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 33 27 27 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 34 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 35 37 37 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 36 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 37 39 39 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 39 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 40 part part NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 41 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 42 an an DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 43 ongoing ongoing JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 44 active active JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 45 surveillance surveillance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 46 program program NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 48 40 40 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 58 50 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 59 1 This this DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 59 2 direction direction NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 59 3 usually usually RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 59 4 includes include VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 59 5 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 59 6 collection collection NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 59 7 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 59 8 sequencing sequencing NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 59 9 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 59 10 novel novel JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 59 11 viral viral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 59 12 isolates isolate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 59 13 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 59 14 ongoing ongoing JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 59 15 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 59 16 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 60 1 The the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 60 2 second second JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 60 3 direction direction NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 60 4 involves involve VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 60 5 secondary secondary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 60 6 data data NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 60 7 analyses analysis NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 60 8 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 60 9 sequence sequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 60 10 collections collection NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 60 11 published publish VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 60 12 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 60 13 publicly publicly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 60 14 available available JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 60 15 genomic genomic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 60 16 databases database NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 60 17 such such JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 60 18 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 60 19 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 60 20 Genbank Genbank NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 60 21 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 60 22 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 60 23 mainly mainly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 60 24 explore explore VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 60 25 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 60 26 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 60 27 history history NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 60 28 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 60 29 specific specific JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 60 30 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 60 31 either either CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 60 32 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 60 33 regional regional JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 60 34 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 60 35 global global JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 60 36 scales scale NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 60 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 60 38 38 38 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 60 39 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 60 40 41 41 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 60 41 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 60 42 42 42 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 60 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 60 44 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 61 1 Secondary secondary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 61 2 Frontiers Frontiers NNPS cord-024061-gxv8y146 61 3 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 61 4 Veterinary Veterinary NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 61 5 Science Science NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 61 6 | | : cord-024061-gxv8y146 61 7 www.frontiersin.org www.frontiersin.org NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 61 8 sequence sequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 61 9 analysis analysis NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 61 10 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 61 11 either either CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 61 12 target target VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 61 13 all all DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 61 14 available available JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 61 15 viral viral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 61 16 isolates isolate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 61 17 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 61 18 specific specific JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 61 19 well well RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 61 20 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 61 21 defined define VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 61 22 lineages lineage NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 61 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 61 24 i.e. i.e. FW cord-024061-gxv8y146 61 25 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 61 26 monophyletic monophyletic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 61 27 clades clade NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 61 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 61 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 61 30 38 38 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 61 31 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 61 32 41 41 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 61 33 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 61 34 42 42 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 61 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 61 36 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 62 1 To to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 62 2 reduce reduce VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 62 3 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 62 4 impact impact NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 62 5 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 62 6 sampling sampling NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 62 7 bias bias NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 62 8 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 62 9 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 62 10 results result NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 62 11 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 62 12 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 62 13 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 62 14 analyses analysis NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 62 15 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 62 16 it -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 62 17 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 62 18 essential essential JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 62 19 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 62 20 ensure ensure VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 62 21 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 62 22 representativeness representativeness NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 62 23 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 62 24 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 62 25 viral viral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 62 26 isolates isolate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 62 27 under under IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 62 28 study study NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 62 29 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 62 30 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 62 31 available available JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 62 32 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 62 33 data datum NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 62 34 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 62 35 both both CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 62 36 temporal temporal JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 62 37 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 62 38 spatial spatial JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 62 39 scales scale NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 62 40 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 63 1 This this DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 63 2 step step NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 63 3 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 63 4 most most RBS cord-024061-gxv8y146 63 5 important important JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 63 6 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 63 7 primary primary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 63 8 sequence sequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 63 9 analyses analysis NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 63 10 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 63 11 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 63 12 which which WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 63 13 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 63 14 dataset dataset NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 63 15 under under IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 63 16 study study NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 63 17 needs need VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 63 18 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 63 19 cover cover VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 63 20 all all DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 63 21 close close JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 63 22 relatives relative NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 63 23 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 63 24 novel novel JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 63 25 viral viral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 63 26 isolates isolate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 63 27 published publish VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 63 28 elsewhere elsewhere RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 63 29 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 64 1 Retrieving retrieve VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 64 2 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 64 3 combining combine VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 64 4 relatives relative NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 64 5 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 64 6 novel novel JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 64 7 viral viral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 64 8 isolates isolate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 64 9 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 64 10 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 64 11 single single JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 64 12 dataset dataset NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 64 13 will will MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 64 14 warrant warrant VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 64 15 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 64 16 proper proper JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 64 17 inference inference NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 64 18 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 64 19 representative representative JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 64 20 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 64 21 relationships relationship NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 64 22 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 64 23 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 64 24 tree tree NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 64 25 topology topology NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 64 26 based base VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 64 27 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 64 28 all all DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 64 29 available available JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 64 30 related related JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 64 31 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 64 32 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 65 1 As as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 65 2 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 65 3 many many JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 65 4 occasions occasion NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 65 5 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 65 6 novel novel NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 65 7 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 65 8 might may MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 65 9 belong belong VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 65 10 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 65 11 different different JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 65 12 distinct distinct JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 65 13 viral viral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 65 14 lineages lineage NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 65 15 published publish VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 65 16 elsewhere elsewhere RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 65 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 65 18 39 39 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 65 19 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 65 20 43 43 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 65 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 65 22 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 66 1 The the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 66 2 basic basic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 66 3 local local JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 66 4 alignment alignment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 66 5 search search NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 66 6 tool tool NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 66 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 66 8 BLAST blast NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 66 9 ; ; : cord-024061-gxv8y146 66 10 https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 66 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 66 12 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 66 13 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 66 14 most most RBS cord-024061-gxv8y146 66 15 popular popular JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 66 16 tool tool NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 66 17 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 66 18 retrieving retrieve VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 66 19 relatives relative NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 66 20 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 66 21 novel novel NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 66 22 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 66 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 66 24 Figure figure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 66 25 1 1 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 66 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 66 27 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 67 1 Finally finally RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 67 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 67 3 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 67 4 retrieval retrieval NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 67 5 process process NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 67 6 should should MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 67 7 include include VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 67 8 complete complete JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 67 9 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 67 10 near near RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 67 11 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 67 12 complete complete JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 67 13 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 67 14 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 67 15 avoid avoid VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 67 16 distorting distort VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 67 17 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 67 18 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 67 19 relationships relationship NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 67 20 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 67 21 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 67 22 novel novel NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 67 23 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 67 24 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 67 25 related related JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 67 26 isolates isolate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 67 27 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 68 1 The the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 68 2 integration integration NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 68 3 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 68 4 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 68 5 pathogen pathogen NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 68 6 's 's POS cord-024061-gxv8y146 68 7 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 68 8 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 68 9 into into IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 68 10 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 68 11 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 68 12 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 68 13 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 68 14 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 68 15 ultimate ultimate JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 68 16 justification justification NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 68 17 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 68 18 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 68 19 preference preference NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 68 20 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 68 21 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 68 22 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 68 23 approach approach NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 68 24 over over IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 68 25 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 68 26 classical classical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 68 27 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 68 28 methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 68 29 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 69 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 69 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 69 3 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 69 4 thorough thorough JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 69 5 preparation preparation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 69 6 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 69 7 sequence sequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 69 8 metadata metadata NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 69 9 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 69 10 which which WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 69 11 includes include VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 69 12 retrieval retrieval NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 69 13 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 69 14 information information NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 69 15 related relate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 69 16 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 69 17 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 69 18 isolate isolate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 69 19 under under IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 69 20 study study NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 69 21 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 69 22 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 69 23 another another DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 69 24 critical critical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 69 25 step step NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 69 26 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 69 27 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 69 28 sound sound JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 69 29 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 69 30 phylodynamic phylodynamic NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 69 31 analysis analysis NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 69 32 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 70 1 Sequence sequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 70 2 metadata metadata NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 70 3 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 70 4 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 70 5 retrieved retrieve VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 70 6 either either CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 70 7 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 70 8 public public JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 70 9 genomic genomic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 70 10 databases database NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 70 11 such such JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 70 12 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 70 13 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 70 14 Genbank Genbank NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 70 15 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 70 16 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 70 17 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 70 18 related related JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 70 19 published publish VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 70 20 literature literature NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 70 21 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 71 1 Because because IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 71 2 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 71 3 methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 71 4 largely largely RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 71 5 depend depend VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 71 6 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 71 7 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 71 8 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 71 9 stamped stamp VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 71 10 data datum NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 71 11 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 71 12 this this DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 71 13 step step NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 71 14 starts start VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 71 15 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 71 16 retrieving retrieve VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 71 17 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 71 18 data datum NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 71 19 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 71 20 collection collection NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 71 21 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 71 22 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 71 23 viral viral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 71 24 isolates isolate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 71 25 under under IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 71 26 study study NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 71 27 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 72 1 Thus thus RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 72 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 72 3 viral viral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 72 4 isolates isolate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 72 5 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 72 6 no no DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 72 7 temporal temporal JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 72 8 data datum NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 72 9 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 72 10 typically typically RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 72 11 excluded exclude VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 72 12 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 72 13 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 72 14 analyses analysis NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 72 15 pipeline pipeline NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 72 16 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 73 1 Next next RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 73 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 73 3 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 73 4 date date NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 73 5 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 73 6 collection collection NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 73 7 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 73 8 converted convert VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 73 9 into into IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 73 10 BEAST beast NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 73 11 readable readable JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 73 12 format format NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 73 13 known know VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 73 14 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 73 15 fractional fractional JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 73 16 years year NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 73 17 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 73 18 estimate estimate VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 73 19 divergence divergence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 73 20 times time NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 73 21 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 1 For for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 2 example example NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 3 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 4 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 5 virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 6 collected collect VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 7 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 8 April April NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 9 14 14 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 10 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 11 2017 2017 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 12 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 13 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 14 converted convert VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 15 into into IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 16 " " `` cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 17 2017.282 2017.282 NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 18 " " '' cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 19 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 20 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 21 fractional fractional JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 22 year year NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 23 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 24 where where WRB cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 25 " " `` cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 26 2017 2017 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 27 " " '' cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 28 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 29 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 30 year year NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 31 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 32 collection collection NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 33 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 34 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 35 " " `` cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 36 0.282 0.282 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 37 " " '' cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 38 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 39 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 40 number number NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 41 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 42 days day NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 43 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 44 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 45 beginning beginning NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 46 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 47 that that DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 48 year year NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 49 till till IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 50 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 51 day day NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 52 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 53 sequence sequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 54 collection collection NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 55 divided divide VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 56 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 57 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 58 total total JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 59 number number NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 60 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 61 days day NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 62 within within IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 63 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 64 typical typical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 65 year year NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 74 66 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 75 1 Additionally additionally RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 75 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 75 3 dates date NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 75 4 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 75 5 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 75 6 imported import VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 75 7 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 75 8 BEAUTi BEAUTi NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 75 9 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 75 10 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 75 11 separate separate JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 75 12 text text NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 75 13 file file NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 75 14 that that WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 75 15 include include VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 75 16 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 75 17 complete complete JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 75 18 date date NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 75 19 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 75 20 sequence sequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 75 21 collection collection NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 75 22 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 75 23 explicit explicit JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 75 24 separators separator NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 75 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 75 26 e.g. e.g. RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 75 27 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 75 28 -or -or NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 75 29 / / SYM cord-024061-gxv8y146 75 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 75 31 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 76 1 However however RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 76 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 76 3 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 76 4 many many JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 76 5 instances instance NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 76 6 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 76 7 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 76 8 complete complete JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 76 9 date date NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 76 10 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 76 11 collection collection NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 76 12 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 76 13 not not RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 76 14 available available JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 76 15 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 76 16 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 76 17 which which WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 76 18 it -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 76 19 misses miss VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 76 20 either either CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 76 21 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 76 22 exact exact JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 76 23 date date NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 76 24 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 76 25 month month NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 76 26 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 76 27 collection collection NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 76 28 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 77 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 77 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 77 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 77 4 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 77 5 either either CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 77 6 specify specify VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 77 7 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 77 8 age age NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 77 9 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 77 10 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 77 11 isolate isolate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 77 12 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 77 13 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 77 14 mid mid NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 77 15 - - NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 77 16 point point NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 77 17 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 77 18 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 77 19 corresponding corresponding JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 77 20 month month NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 77 21 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 77 22 year year NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 77 23 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 77 24 respectively respectively RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 77 25 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 78 1 Other other JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 78 2 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 78 3 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 79 1 such such JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 79 2 spatial spatial JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 79 3 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 79 4 host host NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 79 5 information information NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 79 6 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 79 7 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 79 8 prepared prepare VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 79 9 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 79 10 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 79 11 separate separate JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 79 12 text text NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 79 13 delaminated delaminate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 79 14 format format NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 79 15 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 79 16 unique unique JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 79 17 identifiers identifier NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 79 18 that that WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 79 19 link link VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 79 20 them -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 79 21 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 79 22 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 79 23 isolates isolate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 79 24 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 79 25 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 79 26 sequence sequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 79 27 dataset dataset NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 79 28 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 80 1 Isolates isolate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 80 2 missing miss VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 80 3 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 80 4 none none NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 80 5 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 80 6 temporal temporal JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 80 7 information information NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 80 8 should should MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 80 9 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 80 10 kept keep VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 80 11 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 80 12 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 80 13 analyses analysis NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 80 14 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 80 15 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 80 16 usually usually RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 80 17 labeled label VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 80 18 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 80 19 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 80 20 question question NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 80 21 mark mark NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 80 22 " " '' cord-024061-gxv8y146 80 23 ? ? . cord-024061-gxv8y146 80 24 " " '' cord-024061-gxv8y146 80 25 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 80 26 represent represent VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 80 27 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 80 28 missing miss VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 80 29 information information NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 80 30 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 81 1 In in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 81 2 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 81 3 context context NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 81 4 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 81 5 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 81 6 phylodynamic phylodynamic NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 81 7 field field NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 81 8 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 81 9 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 81 10 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 81 11 such such JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 81 12 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 81 13 country country NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 81 14 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 81 15 host host NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 81 16 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 81 17 origin origin NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 81 18 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 81 19 defined define VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 81 20 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 81 21 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 81 22 discrete discrete JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 81 23 trait trait NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 81 24 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 81 25 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 81 26 described describe VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 81 27 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 81 28 more more JJR cord-024061-gxv8y146 81 29 detail detail NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 81 30 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 81 31 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 81 32 Running running NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 81 33 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 81 34 Selecting select VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 81 35 Phylodynamic Phylodynamic NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 81 36 Models Models NNPS cord-024061-gxv8y146 81 37 section section NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 81 38 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 82 1 However however RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 82 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 82 3 careful careful JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 82 4 selection selection NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 82 5 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 82 6 these these DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 82 7 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 82 8 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 82 9 recommended recommend VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 82 10 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 82 11 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 82 12 considered consider VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 82 13 at at IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 82 14 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 82 15 beginning beginning NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 82 16 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 82 17 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 82 18 analyses analysis NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 82 19 pipeline pipeline NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 82 20 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 82 21 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 82 22 critical critical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 82 23 part part NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 82 24 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 82 25 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 82 26 data data NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 82 27 preparation preparation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 82 28 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 82 29 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 82 30 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 82 31 analyses analysis NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 82 32 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 1 Geographical geographical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 2 discrete discrete JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 3 traits trait NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 4 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 5 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 6 defined define VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 7 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 8 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 9 country country NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 10 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 11 origin origin NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 12 where where WRB cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 13 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 14 pathogen pathogen NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 15 was be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 16 isolated isolate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 17 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 18 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 19 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 20 redefined redefine VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 21 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 22 smaller small JJR cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 23 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 24 larger large JJR cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 25 spatial spatial JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 26 scales scale NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 27 such such JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 28 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 29 administrative administrative JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 30 regions region NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 31 within within IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 32 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 33 country country NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 35 44 44 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 37 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 38 continental continental JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 39 scale scale NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 41 32 32 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 43 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 44 respectively respectively RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 45 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 46 depending depend VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 47 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 48 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 49 study study NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 50 's 's POS cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 51 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 83 52 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 84 1 Besides besides IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 84 2 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 84 3 host host NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 84 4 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 84 5 origin origin NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 84 6 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 84 7 other other JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 84 8 non non JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 84 9 - - JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 84 10 spatial spatial JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 84 11 discrete discrete JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 84 12 traits trait NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 84 13 such such JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 84 14 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 84 15 host host NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 84 16 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 84 17 environmental environmental JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 84 18 attributes attribute NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 84 19 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 84 20 also also RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 84 21 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 84 22 defined define VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 84 23 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 84 24 discrete discrete JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 84 25 traits trait NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 84 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 84 27 45 45 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 84 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 84 29 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 85 1 Multisequence Multisequence NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 85 2 alignment alignment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 85 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 85 4 MSA MSA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 85 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 85 6 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 85 7 another another DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 85 8 primary primary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 85 9 key key JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 85 10 step step NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 85 11 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 85 12 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 85 13 data data NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 85 14 preparation preparation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 85 15 stage stage NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 85 16 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 85 17 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 85 18 pathogen pathogen NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 85 19 's 's POS cord-024061-gxv8y146 85 20 genetic genetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 85 21 data datum NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 85 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 85 23 Figure figure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 85 24 1 1 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 85 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 85 26 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 86 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 86 2 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 86 3 worth worth JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 86 4 noting note VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 86 5 that that DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 86 6 alignment alignment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 86 7 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 86 8 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 86 9 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 86 10 example example NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 86 11 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 86 12 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 86 13 terms term NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 86 14 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 86 15 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 86 16 choice choice NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 86 17 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 86 18 alignment alignment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 86 19 algorithm algorithm NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 86 20 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 86 21 affect affect VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 86 22 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 86 23 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 86 24 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 86 25 inferences inference NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 86 26 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 86 27 such such JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 86 28 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 86 29 tree tree NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 86 30 topology topology NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 86 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 86 32 46 46 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 86 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 86 34 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 87 1 However however RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 87 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 87 3 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 87 4 impacts impact NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 87 5 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 87 6 alignment alignment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 87 7 uncertainties uncertainty NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 87 8 have have VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 87 9 not not RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 87 10 been be VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 87 11 reported report VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 87 12 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 87 13 simple simple JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 87 14 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 87 15 like like IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 87 16 viruses virus NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 87 17 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 87 18 mainly mainly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 87 19 when when WRB cord-024061-gxv8y146 87 20 dealing deal VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 87 21 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 87 22 small small JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 87 23 gene gene NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 87 24 segments segment NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 87 25 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 88 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 88 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 88 3 this this DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 88 4 issue issue NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 88 5 might may MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 88 6 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 88 7 considered consider VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 88 8 when when WRB cord-024061-gxv8y146 88 9 dealing deal VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 88 10 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 88 11 whole whole JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 88 12 genomes genome NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 88 13 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 88 14 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 88 15 more more JJR cord-024061-gxv8y146 88 16 complex complex JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 88 17 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 88 18 like like IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 88 19 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 88 20 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 88 21 fungi fungus NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 88 22 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 88 23 which which WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 88 24 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 88 25 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 88 26 resolved resolve VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 88 27 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 88 28 multiple multiple JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 88 29 sequence sequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 88 30 alignment alignment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 88 31 averaging average VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 88 32 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 88 33 different different JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 88 34 alignment alignment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 88 35 algorithms algorithm NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 88 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 88 37 47 47 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 88 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 88 39 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 1 Common common JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 2 alignment alignment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 3 algorithms algorithm NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 4 include include VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 5 CLUSTAL CLUSTAL NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 7 48 48 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 9 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 10 T t NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 11 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 12 coffee coffee NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 14 49 49 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 16 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 17 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 18 MUSCLE MUSCLE NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 20 50 50 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 22 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 23 while while IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 24 AliView AliView NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 25 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 26 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 27 user user NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 28 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 29 friendly friendly JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 30 graphical graphical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 31 interface interface NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 32 that that WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 33 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 34 deal deal VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 35 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 36 large large JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 37 sequence sequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 38 datasets dataset NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 39 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 40 integrate integrate VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 41 multiple multiple JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 42 alignment alignment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 43 algorithms algorithm NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 45 51 51 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 89 47 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 90 1 Performing perform VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 90 2 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 90 3 multisequence multisequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 90 4 alignment alignment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 90 5 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 90 6 an an DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 90 7 algorithm algorithm NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 90 8 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 90 9 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 90 10 manually manually RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 90 11 deleting delete VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 90 12 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 90 13 gaps gap NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 90 14 within within IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 90 15 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 90 16 translated translate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 90 17 alignment alignment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 90 18 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 90 19 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 90 20 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 90 21 most most RBS cord-024061-gxv8y146 90 22 common common JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 90 23 steps step NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 90 24 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 90 25 most most JJS cord-024061-gxv8y146 90 26 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 90 27 studies study NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 90 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 90 29 51 51 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 90 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 90 31 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 91 1 Also also RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 91 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 91 3 confirming confirm VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 91 4 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 91 5 reading reading NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 91 6 frame frame NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 91 7 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 91 8 each each DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 91 9 gene gene NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 91 10 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 91 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 91 12 excluding exclude VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 91 13 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 91 14 5 5 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 91 15 ′ ′ CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 91 16 UTR UTR NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 91 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 91 18 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 91 19 examining examine VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 91 20 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 91 21 amino amino NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 91 22 acid acid NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 91 23 translation translation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 91 24 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 91 25 another another DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 91 26 step step NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 91 27 within within IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 91 28 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 91 29 MSA MSA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 91 30 procedure procedure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 91 31 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 92 1 This this DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 92 2 step step NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 92 3 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 92 4 commonly commonly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 92 5 done do VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 92 6 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 92 7 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 92 8 example example NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 92 9 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 92 10 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 92 11 influenza influenza NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 92 12 virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 92 13 HA HA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 92 14 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 92 15 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 92 16 gene gene NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 92 17 segments segment NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 92 18 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 92 19 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 92 20 potentially potentially RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 92 21 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 92 22 segments segment NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 92 23 7 7 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 92 24 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 92 25 8 8 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 92 26 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 92 27 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 92 28 account account VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 92 29 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 92 30 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 92 31 frameshifted frameshifted JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 92 32 M2 M2 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 92 33 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 92 34 NS2 NS2 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 92 35 genes gene NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 92 36 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 93 1 However however RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 93 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 93 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 93 4 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 93 5 worth worth JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 93 6 noting note VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 93 7 that that IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 93 8 this this DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 93 9 step step NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 93 10 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 93 11 only only RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 93 12 important important JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 93 13 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 93 14 partitioned partition VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 93 15 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 93 16 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 93 17 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 93 18 described describe VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 93 19 below below RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 93 20 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 94 1 Phylodynamic phylodynamic NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 94 2 analyses analysis NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 94 3 require require VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 94 4 both both DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 94 5 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 94 6 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 94 7 computational computational JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 94 8 resources resource NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 94 9 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 94 10 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 94 11 therefore therefore RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 94 12 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 94 13 conducting conduct VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 94 14 exploratory exploratory JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 94 15 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 94 16 analyses analysis NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 94 17 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 94 18 classical classical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 94 19 methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 94 20 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 94 21 an an DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 94 22 essential essential JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 94 23 step step NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 94 24 that that WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 94 25 will will MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 94 26 ensure ensure VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 94 27 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 94 28 proper proper JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 94 29 setup setup NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 94 30 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 94 31 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 94 32 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 94 33 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 94 34 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 94 35 ' ' POS cord-024061-gxv8y146 94 36 priors prior NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 94 37 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 95 1 Classical classical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 95 2 methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 95 3 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 95 4 inferring infer VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 95 5 basic basic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 95 6 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 95 7 trees tree NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 95 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 95 9 i.e. i.e. FW cord-024061-gxv8y146 95 10 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 95 11 non non JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 95 12 - - JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 95 13 time time JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 95 14 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 95 15 stamped stamp VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 95 16 trees tree NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 95 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 95 18 include include VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 95 19 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 95 20 maximum maximum JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 95 21 likelihood likelihood NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 95 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 95 23 ML ml NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 95 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 95 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 95 26 52 52 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 95 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 95 28 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 95 29 maximum maximum JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 95 30 parsimony parsimony NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 95 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 95 32 MP MP NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 95 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 95 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 95 35 53 53 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 95 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 95 37 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 95 38 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 95 39 neighborjoining neighborjoining NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 95 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 95 41 54 54 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 95 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 95 43 algorithms algorithm NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 95 44 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 1 Inferring infer VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 2 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 3 basic basic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 4 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 5 tree tree NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 6 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 7 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 8 sequence sequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 9 dataset dataset NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 10 will will MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 11 help help VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 12 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 13 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 14 preliminary preliminary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 15 assessment assessment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 16 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 17 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 18 tree tree NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 19 's 's POS cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 20 topology topology NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 21 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 22 terms term NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 23 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 24 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 25 magnitude magnitude NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 26 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 27 structure structure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 28 across across IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 29 branches branch NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 30 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 31 degree degree NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 32 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 33 topological topological JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 35 in)congruence in)congruence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 36 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 37 different different JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 38 gene gene NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 39 segments segment NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 40 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 41 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 42 selection selection NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 43 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 44 lineages lineage NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 46 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 47 large large JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 48 datasets dataset NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 50 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 51 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 52 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 53 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 54 analyses analysis NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 96 55 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 97 1 Classical classical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 97 2 phylogenetic phylogenetic NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 97 3 algorithms algorithm NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 97 4 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 97 5 implemented implement VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 97 6 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 97 7 many many JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 97 8 open open JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 97 9 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 97 10 source source NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 97 11 software software NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 97 12 packages package NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 97 13 such such JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 97 14 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 97 15 MEGA MEGA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 97 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 97 17 55 55 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 97 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 97 19 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 97 20 RaXML RaXML NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 97 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 97 22 56 56 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 97 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 97 24 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 98 1 The the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 98 2 rapid rapid JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 98 3 spread spread NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 98 4 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 98 5 transmission transmission NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 98 6 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 98 7 viral viral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 98 8 diseases disease NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 98 9 during during IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 98 10 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 98 11 provide provide VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 98 12 plenty plenty NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 98 13 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 98 14 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 98 15 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 98 16 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 98 17 pathogen pathogen NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 98 18 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 98 19 accumulate accumulate VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 98 20 informative informative JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 98 21 mutations mutation NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 98 22 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 98 23 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 98 24 genomes genome NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 98 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 98 26 57 57 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 98 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 98 28 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 99 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 99 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 99 3 100 100 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 99 4 % % NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 99 5 identical identical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 99 6 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 99 7 within within IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 99 8 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 99 9 dataset dataset NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 99 10 dilute dilute VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 99 11 such such JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 99 12 information information NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 99 13 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 100 1 Also also RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 100 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 100 3 retrieved retrieve VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 100 4 sequence sequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 100 5 datasets dataset NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 100 6 suffer suffer VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 100 7 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 100 8 inherent inherent JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 100 9 redundancy redundancy NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 100 10 due due JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 100 11 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 100 12 sampling sampling NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 100 13 bias bias NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 100 14 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 100 15 issues issue NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 100 16 related relate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 100 17 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 100 18 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 100 19 sequencing sequencing NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 100 20 procedure procedure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 100 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 100 22 58 58 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 100 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 100 24 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 101 1 Hence hence RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 101 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 101 3 removing remove VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 101 4 100 100 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 101 5 % % NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 101 6 identical identical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 101 7 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 101 8 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 101 9 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 101 10 dataset dataset NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 101 11 under under IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 101 12 study study NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 101 13 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 101 14 will will MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 101 15 reduce reduce VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 101 16 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 101 17 impact impact NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 101 18 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 101 19 such such JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 101 20 redundancies redundancy NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 101 21 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 101 22 strengthen strengthen VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 101 23 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 101 24 tree tree NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 101 25 structure structure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 101 26 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 101 27 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 101 28 shorten shorten VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 101 29 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 101 30 computational computational JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 101 31 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 101 32 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 102 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 102 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 102 3 if if IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 102 4 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 102 5 proportion proportion NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 102 6 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 102 7 100 100 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 102 8 % % NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 102 9 identical identical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 102 10 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 102 11 was be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 102 12 substantially substantially RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 102 13 large large JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 102 14 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 102 15 it -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 102 16 will will MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 102 17 typically typically RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 102 18 lead lead VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 102 19 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 102 20 weaker weak JJR cord-024061-gxv8y146 102 21 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 102 22 signals signal NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 102 23 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 102 24 subsequently subsequently RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 102 25 poorer poor JJR cord-024061-gxv8y146 102 26 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 102 27 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 102 28 convergence convergence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 102 29 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 103 1 Recombination recombination NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 103 2 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 103 3 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 103 4 natural natural JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 103 5 biological biological JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 103 6 phenomenon phenomenon NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 103 7 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 103 8 rapidly rapidly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 103 9 evolving evolve VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 103 10 viruses virus NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 103 11 like like IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 103 12 influenza influenza NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 103 13 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 103 14 occurs occur VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 103 15 when when WRB cord-024061-gxv8y146 103 16 viral viral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 103 17 genomes genome NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 103 18 co co VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 103 19 - - VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 103 20 infect infect VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 103 21 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 103 22 same same JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 103 23 host host NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 103 24 cell cell NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 103 25 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 103 26 exchange exchange NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 103 27 fragments fragment NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 103 28 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 103 29 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 103 30 gene gene NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 103 31 segments segment NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 103 32 resulting result VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 103 33 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 103 34 new new JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 103 35 viral viral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 103 36 strains strain NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 103 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 103 38 59 59 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 103 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 103 40 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 104 1 Ignoring ignore VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 104 2 recombination recombination NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 104 3 events event NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 104 4 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 104 5 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 104 6 sequence sequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 104 7 dataset dataset NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 104 8 may may MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 104 9 advisedly advisedly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 104 10 bias bias VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 104 11 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 104 12 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 104 13 posterior posterior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 104 14 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 104 15 relationships relationship NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 104 16 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 104 17 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 104 18 therefore therefore RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 104 19 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 104 20 must must MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 104 21 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 104 22 excluded exclude VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 104 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 104 24 60 60 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 104 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 104 26 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 105 1 Recombination recombination NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 105 2 events event NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 105 3 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 105 4 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 105 5 detected detect VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 105 6 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 105 7 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 105 8 Recombination Recombination NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 105 9 Detection Detection NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 105 10 Program Program NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 105 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 105 12 61 61 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 105 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 105 14 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 106 1 However however RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 106 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 106 3 recombination recombination NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 106 4 events event NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 106 5 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 106 6 more more RBR cord-024061-gxv8y146 106 7 often often RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 106 8 detected detect VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 106 9 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 106 10 whole whole JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 106 11 genomes genome NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 106 12 than than IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 106 13 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 106 14 single single JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 106 15 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 106 16 gene gene NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 106 17 segments segment NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 106 18 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 107 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 107 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 107 3 conducting conduct VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 107 4 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 107 5 analyses analysis NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 107 6 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 107 7 whole whole JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 107 8 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 107 9 genome genome NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 107 10 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 107 11 only only RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 107 12 will will MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 107 13 lead lead VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 107 14 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 107 15 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 107 16 exclusion exclusion NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 107 17 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 107 18 many many JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 107 19 isolates isolate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 107 20 resulting result VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 107 21 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 107 22 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 107 23 substantially substantially RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 107 24 smaller small JJR cord-024061-gxv8y146 107 25 dataset dataset NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 107 26 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 107 27 subsequently subsequently RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 107 28 biased bias VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 107 29 inferences inference NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 107 30 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 108 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 108 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 108 3 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 108 4 occurrence occurrence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 108 5 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 108 6 recombination recombination NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 108 7 events event NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 108 8 at at IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 108 9 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 108 10 beginning beginning NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 108 11 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 108 12 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 108 13 novel novel JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 108 14 viral viral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 108 15 outbreak outbreak NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 108 16 might may MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 108 17 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 108 18 limited limit VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 108 19 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 109 1 Assessing assess VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 109 2 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 109 3 magnitude magnitude NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 109 4 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 109 5 temporal temporal JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 109 6 structure structure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 109 7 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 109 8 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 109 9 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 109 10 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 109 11 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 109 12 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 109 13 data datum NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 109 14 collected collect VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 109 15 at at IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 109 16 different different JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 109 17 points point NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 109 18 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 109 19 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 109 20 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 109 21 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 109 22 final final JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 109 23 recommended recommend VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 109 24 step step NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 109 25 within within IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 109 26 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 109 27 preliminary preliminary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 109 28 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 109 29 analyses analysis NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 109 30 stage stage NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 109 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 109 32 62 62 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 109 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 109 34 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 110 1 Here here RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 110 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 110 3 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 110 4 term term NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 110 5 " " `` cord-024061-gxv8y146 110 6 temporal temporal JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 110 7 structure structure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 110 8 " " '' cord-024061-gxv8y146 110 9 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 110 10 defined define VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 110 11 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 110 12 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 110 13 measurable measurable JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 110 14 difference difference NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 110 15 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 110 16 terms term NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 110 17 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 110 18 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 110 19 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 110 20 amino amino NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 110 21 acid acid NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 110 22 substitution substitution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 110 23 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 110 24 two two CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 110 25 genetic genetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 110 26 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 110 27 sampled sample VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 110 28 at at IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 110 29 two two CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 110 30 distinct distinct JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 110 31 points point NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 110 32 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 110 33 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 110 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 110 35 63 63 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 110 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 110 37 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 111 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 111 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 111 3 if if IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 111 4 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 111 5 sequence sequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 111 6 data data NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 111 7 lacks lack VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 111 8 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 111 9 temporal temporal JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 111 10 structure structure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 111 11 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 111 12 then then RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 111 13 proceeding proceed VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 111 14 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 111 15 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 111 16 phylodynamic phylodynamic NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 111 17 analysis analysis NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 111 18 may may MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 111 19 lead lead VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 111 20 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 111 21 biased biased JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 111 22 posterior posterior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 111 23 estimates estimate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 111 24 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 111 25 misleading mislead VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 111 26 conclusions conclusion NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 111 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 111 28 62 62 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 111 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 111 30 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 112 1 An an DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 112 2 interactive interactive JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 112 3 regression regression NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 112 4 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 112 5 based base VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 112 6 approach approach NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 112 7 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 112 8 implemented implement VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 112 9 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 112 10 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 112 11 TempEst TempEst NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 112 12 software software NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 112 13 package package NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 112 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 112 15 62 62 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 112 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 112 17 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 112 18 assess assess VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 112 19 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 112 20 strength strength NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 112 21 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 112 22 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 112 23 association association NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 112 24 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 112 25 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 112 26 ' ' POS cord-024061-gxv8y146 112 27 sampling sampling NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 112 28 dates date NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 112 29 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 112 30 genetic genetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 112 31 divergence divergence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 112 32 through through IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 112 33 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 112 34 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 113 1 R r NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 113 2 2 2 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 113 3 values value NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 113 4 closer close RBR cord-024061-gxv8y146 113 5 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 113 6 1 1 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 113 7 than than IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 113 8 0 0 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 113 9 estimated estimate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 113 10 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 113 11 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 113 12 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 113 13 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 113 14 stamped stamp VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 113 15 ML ML NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 113 16 tree tree NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 113 17 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 113 18 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 113 19 root root NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 113 20 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 113 21 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 113 22 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 113 23 tip tip NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 113 24 genetic genetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 113 25 distance distance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 113 26 linear linear JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 113 27 regression regression NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 113 28 indicate indicate VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 113 29 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 113 30 strong strong JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 113 31 temporal temporal JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 113 32 structure structure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 113 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 113 34 62 62 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 113 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 113 36 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 114 1 Finally finally RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 114 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 114 3 TempEst TempEst NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 114 4 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 114 5 identify identify VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 114 6 incongruent incongruent JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 114 7 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 114 8 that that WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 114 9 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 114 10 defined define VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 114 11 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 114 12 outlier outlier JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 114 13 isolates isolate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 114 14 that that WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 114 15 caused cause VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 114 16 substantially substantially RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 114 17 more more RBR cord-024061-gxv8y146 114 18 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 114 19 less less RBR cord-024061-gxv8y146 114 20 genetic genetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 114 21 divergence divergence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 114 22 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 114 23 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 114 24 tip tip NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 114 25 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 114 26 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 114 27 root root NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 114 28 than than IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 114 29 one one PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 114 30 would would MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 114 31 expect expect VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 114 32 given give VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 114 33 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 114 34 sampling sampling NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 114 35 date date NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 114 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 114 37 62 62 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 114 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 114 39 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 115 1 Incongruent Incongruent NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 115 2 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 115 3 usually usually RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 115 4 result result VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 115 5 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 115 6 low low JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 115 7 sequencing sequencing NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 115 8 quality quality NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 115 9 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 115 10 alignment alignment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 115 11 errors error NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 115 12 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 115 13 laboratory laboratory NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 115 14 adopted adopt VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 115 15 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 115 16 vaccine vaccine NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 115 17 strains strain NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 115 18 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 115 19 as as RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 115 20 well well RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 115 21 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 115 22 natural natural JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 115 23 biological biological JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 115 24 processes process NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 115 25 such such JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 115 26 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 115 27 recombination recombination NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 115 28 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 116 1 Once once IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 116 2 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 116 3 sequence sequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 116 4 dataset dataset NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 116 5 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 116 6 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 116 7 metadata metadata NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 116 8 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 116 9 curated curate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 116 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 116 11 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 116 12 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 116 13 past past JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 116 14 two two CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 116 15 steps step NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 116 16 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 116 17 described describe VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 116 18 above above IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 116 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 116 20 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 116 21 we -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 116 22 provide provide VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 116 23 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 116 24 variety variety NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 116 25 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 116 26 choices choice NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 116 27 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 116 28 selecting select VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 116 29 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 116 30 running run VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 116 31 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 116 32 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 116 33 depending depend VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 116 34 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 116 35 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 116 36 objectives objective NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 116 37 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 116 38 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 116 39 study study NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 116 40 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 117 1 Steps step NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 117 2 involving involve VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 117 3 prior prior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 117 4 specification specification NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 117 5 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 117 6 simulations simulation NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 117 7 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 117 8 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 117 9 summarizing summarize VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 117 10 posterior posterior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 117 11 inferences inference NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 117 12 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 117 13 all all DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 117 14 implemented implement VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 117 15 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 117 16 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 117 17 BEAST BEAST NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 117 18 software software NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 117 19 package package NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 117 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 117 21 24 24 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 117 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 117 23 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 118 1 Large large JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 118 2 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 118 3 distances distance NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 118 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 118 5 i.e. i.e. FW cord-024061-gxv8y146 118 6 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 118 7 substitution substitution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 118 8 per per IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 118 9 site site NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 118 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 118 11 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 118 12 pairs pair NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 118 13 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 118 14 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 118 15 caused cause VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 118 16 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 118 17 multiple multiple JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 118 18 substitution substitution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 118 19 events event NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 118 20 through through IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 118 21 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 118 22 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 118 23 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 118 24 underestimated underestimate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 118 25 when when WRB cord-024061-gxv8y146 118 26 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 118 27 simple simple JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 118 28 distance distance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 118 29 measures measure NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 118 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 118 31 e.g. e.g. RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 118 32 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 118 33 Hamming Hamming NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 118 34 distance distance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 118 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 118 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 118 37 64 64 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 118 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 118 39 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 119 1 Hence hence RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 119 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 119 3 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 119 4 distance distance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 119 5 correction correction NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 119 6 technique technique NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 119 7 provided provide VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 119 8 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 119 9 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 119 10 substitution substitution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 119 11 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 119 12 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 119 13 compensate compensate VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 119 14 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 119 15 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 119 16 underestimation underestimation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 119 17 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 119 18 such such JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 119 19 large large JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 119 20 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 119 21 distances distance NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 119 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 119 23 64 64 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 119 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 119 25 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 120 1 Phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 120 2 tree tree NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 120 3 algorithms algorithm NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 120 4 such such JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 120 5 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 120 6 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 120 7 ML ML NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 120 8 approach approach NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 120 9 incorporates incorporate VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 120 10 substitution substitution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 120 11 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 120 12 that that WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 120 13 employs employ VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 120 14 continuoustime continuoustime NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 120 15 Markov Markov NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 120 16 chain chain NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 120 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 120 18 CTMC CTMC NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 120 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 120 20 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 120 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 120 22 52 52 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 120 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 120 24 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 1 CTMC CTMC NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 2 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 3 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 4 stochastic stochastic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 5 methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 6 that that WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 7 take take VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 8 values value NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 9 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 10 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 11 discrete discrete JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 12 state state NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 13 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 14 space space NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 15 at at IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 16 random random JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 17 times time NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 18 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 19 which which WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 20 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 21 analogous analogous JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 22 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 23 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 24 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 25 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 26 amino amino NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 27 acid acid NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 28 substitution substitution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 29 process process NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 30 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 31 allowing allow VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 32 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 33 glimpsing glimpse VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 34 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 35 complete complete JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 36 state state NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 37 history history NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 38 over over IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 39 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 40 entire entire JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 41 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 42 where where WRB cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 43 statistical statistical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 44 inferences inference NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 45 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 46 drawn draw VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 48 52 52 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 49 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 50 64 64 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 51 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 52 65 65 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 121 54 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 1 Out out IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 2 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 3 many many JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 4 available available JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 5 substitution substitution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 6 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 7 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 8 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 9 Hasegawa Hasegawa NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 10 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 11 Kishino Kishino NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 12 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 13 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 14 Yano Yano NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 16 HKY HKY NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 19 66 66 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 21 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 22 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 23 general general JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 24 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 25 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 26 reversable reversable JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 28 GTR GTR NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 31 52 52 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 32 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 33 67 67 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 35 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 36 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 37 most most RBS cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 38 common common JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 39 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 40 used use VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 41 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 42 infer infer VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 43 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 44 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 45 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 46 rapidly rapidly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 47 evolving evolve VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 48 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 122 49 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 123 1 Briefly briefly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 123 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 123 3 both both DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 123 4 substitution substitution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 123 5 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 123 6 assume assume VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 123 7 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 123 8 constant constant JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 123 9 rate rate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 123 10 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 123 11 evolution evolution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 123 12 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 123 13 have have VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 123 14 two two CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 123 15 major major JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 123 16 parameters parameter NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 123 17 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 123 18 including include VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 123 19 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 123 20 rate rate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 123 21 matrix matrix NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 123 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 123 23 Q Q NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 123 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 123 25 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 123 26 an an DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 123 27 equilibrium equilibrium NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 123 28 vector vector NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 123 29 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 123 30 base base NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 123 31 frequencies frequency NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 123 32 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 1 However however RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 3 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 4 HKY HKY NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 5 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 6 rate rate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 7 matrix matrix NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 8 has have VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 9 two two CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 10 exchangeability exchangeability NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 11 parameters parameter NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 12 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 13 including include VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 14 one one CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 15 transition transition NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 16 rate rate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 17 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 18 one one CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 19 transversion transversion NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 20 rate rate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 21 parameters parameter NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 23 66 66 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 25 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 26 while while IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 27 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 28 GTR GTR NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 29 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 30 has have VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 31 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 32 symmetrical symmetrical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 33 substitution substitution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 34 rate rate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 35 matrix matrix NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 36 where where WRB cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 37 all all PDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 38 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 39 exchangeability exchangeability NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 40 parameters parameter NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 41 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 42 free free JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 44 67 67 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 124 46 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 125 1 Accommodating accommodate VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 125 2 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 125 3 rate rate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 125 4 variation variation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 125 5 across across IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 125 6 sites site NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 125 7 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 125 8 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 125 9 achieved achieve VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 125 10 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 125 11 combining combine VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 125 12 substitution substitution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 125 13 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 125 14 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 125 15 site site NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 125 16 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 125 17 such such JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 125 18 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 125 19 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 125 20 discrete discrete JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 125 21 gamma gamma NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 125 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 125 23 Ŵ ŵ CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 125 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 125 25 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 125 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 125 27 68 68 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 125 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 125 29 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 126 1 However however RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 126 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 126 3 when when WRB cord-024061-gxv8y146 126 4 assuming assume VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 126 5 that that IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 126 6 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 126 7 evolution evolution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 126 8 rate rate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 126 9 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 126 10 equal equal JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 126 11 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 126 12 zero zero CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 126 13 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 126 14 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 126 15 invariant invariant JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 126 16 site site NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 126 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 126 18 I i NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 126 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 126 20 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 126 21 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 126 22 combined combine VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 126 23 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 126 24 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 126 25 corresponding corresponding JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 126 26 substitution substitution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 126 27 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 126 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 126 29 69 69 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 126 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 126 31 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 127 1 Selection selection NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 127 2 pressure pressure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 127 3 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 127 4 protein protein NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 127 5 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 127 6 coding code VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 127 7 genes gene NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 127 8 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 127 9 rapidly rapidly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 127 10 evolving evolve VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 127 11 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 127 12 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 127 13 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 127 14 terms term NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 127 15 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 127 16 synonymous synonymous JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 127 17 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 127 18 nonsynonymous nonsynonymous JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 127 19 substitutions substitution NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 127 20 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 127 21 usually usually RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 127 22 occurs occur VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 127 23 at at IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 127 24 high high JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 127 25 rates rate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 127 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 127 27 70 70 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 127 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 127 29 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 128 1 This this DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 128 2 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 128 3 phenomenon phenomenon NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 128 4 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 128 5 affect affect VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 128 6 estimates estimate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 128 7 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 128 8 divergence divergence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 128 9 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 128 10 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 128 11 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 128 12 therefore therefore RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 128 13 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 128 14 need need VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 128 15 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 128 16 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 128 17 accounted account VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 128 18 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 128 19 when when WRB cord-024061-gxv8y146 128 20 selecting select VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 128 21 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 128 22 substitution substitution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 128 23 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 128 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 128 25 71 71 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 128 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 128 27 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 129 1 Partitioning partition VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 129 2 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 129 3 gene gene NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 129 4 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 129 5 into into IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 129 6 unique unique JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 129 7 codon codon NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 129 8 positions position NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 129 9 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 129 10 assigning assign VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 129 11 different different JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 129 12 substitution substitution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 129 13 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 129 14 site site NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 129 15 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 129 16 combinations combination NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 129 17 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 129 18 accommodate accommodate VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 129 19 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 129 20 differences difference NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 129 21 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 129 22 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 129 23 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 129 24 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 129 25 within within IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 129 26 gene gene NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 129 27 segments segment NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 129 28 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 129 29 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 129 30 pathogen pathogen NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 129 31 under under IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 129 32 study study NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 129 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 129 34 70 70 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 129 35 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 129 36 72 72 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 129 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 129 38 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 130 1 Different different JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 130 2 substitution substitution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 130 3 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 130 4 sites site NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 130 5 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 130 6 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 130 7 codon codon NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 130 8 partitioning partitioning NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 130 9 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 130 10 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 130 11 implemented implement VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 130 12 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 130 13 many many JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 130 14 ML ml NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 130 15 software software NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 130 16 packages package NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 130 17 as as RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 130 18 well well RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 130 19 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 130 20 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 130 21 BEAST BEAST NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 130 22 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 1 However however RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 3 selecting select VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 4 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 5 most most RBS cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 6 realistic realistic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 7 substitution substitution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 8 / / SYM cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 9 site site NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 10 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 11 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 12 partitioning partitioning NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 13 scheme scheme NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 14 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 15 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 16 sequence sequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 17 data data NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 18 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 19 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 20 statistically statistically RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 21 achieved achieve VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 22 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 23 either either CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 24 Bayesian Bayesian NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 25 Information Information NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 26 Criterion Criterion NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 28 BIC BIC NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 31 73 73 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 33 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 34 Akaike Akaike NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 35 Information Information NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 36 Criterion Criterion NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 38 AIC AIC NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 40 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 41 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 42 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 43 corrected correct VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 44 Akaike Akaike NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 45 Information Information NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 46 Criterion Criterion NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 48 AICc AICc NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 51 74 74 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 52 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 53 75 75 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 131 55 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 132 1 These these DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 132 2 ML ML NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 132 3 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 132 4 based base VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 132 5 statistical statistical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 132 6 methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 132 7 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 132 8 wellimplemented wellimplemente VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 132 9 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 132 10 both both DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 132 11 PartitionFinder PartitionFinder NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 132 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 132 13 76 76 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 132 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 132 15 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 132 16 jModelTest jModelTest NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 132 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 132 18 77 77 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 132 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 132 20 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 133 1 Yet yet RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 133 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 133 3 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 133 4 more more RBR cord-024061-gxv8y146 133 5 robust robust JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 133 6 Bayesian bayesian JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 133 7 method method NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 133 8 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 133 9 selecting select VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 133 10 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 133 11 site site NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 133 12 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 133 13 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 133 14 an an DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 133 15 associated associate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 133 16 substitution substitution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 133 17 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 133 18 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 133 19 implemented implement VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 133 20 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 133 21 an an DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 133 22 add add VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 133 23 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 133 24 on on RP cord-024061-gxv8y146 133 25 package package NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 133 26 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 133 27 BEAST BEAST NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 133 28 2.X 2.x CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 133 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 133 30 78 78 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 133 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 133 32 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 134 1 Time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 134 2 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 134 3 calibrated calibrate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 134 4 trees tree NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 134 5 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 134 6 modeled model VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 134 7 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 134 8 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 134 9 genetic genetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 134 10 differences difference NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 134 11 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 134 12 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 134 13 through through IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 134 14 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 134 15 molecular molecular JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 134 16 clock clock NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 134 17 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 134 18 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 134 19 which which WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 134 20 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 134 21 defined define VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 134 22 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 134 23 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 134 24 clock clock NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 134 25 that that WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 134 26 occurs occur VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 134 27 after after IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 134 28 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 134 29 stochastic stochastic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 134 30 waiting waiting NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 134 31 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 134 32 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 134 33 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 134 34 context context NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 134 35 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 134 36 substitution substitution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 134 37 rate rate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 134 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 134 39 79 79 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 134 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 134 41 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 135 1 When when WRB cord-024061-gxv8y146 135 2 assuming assume VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 135 3 that that IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 135 4 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 135 5 substitution substitution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 135 6 rate rate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 135 7 across across IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 135 8 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 135 9 branches branch NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 135 10 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 135 11 uniform uniform JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 135 12 over over IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 135 13 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 135 14 entire entire JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 135 15 tree tree NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 135 16 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 135 17 then then RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 135 18 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 135 19 molecular molecular JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 135 20 clock clock NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 135 21 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 135 22 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 135 23 defined define VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 135 24 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 135 25 strict strict JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 135 26 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 1 However however RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 3 changes change NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 4 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 5 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 6 rate rate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 7 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 8 evolution evolution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 9 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 10 rapidly rapidly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 11 evolving evolve VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 12 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 13 usually usually RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 14 differ differ VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 15 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 16 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 17 subtrees subtree NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 18 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 19 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 20 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 21 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 22 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 23 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 24 therefore therefore RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 25 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 26 relaxed relaxed JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 27 branch branch NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 28 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 29 rate rate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 30 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 31 account account VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 32 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 33 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 34 variation variation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 35 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 36 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 37 rate rate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 38 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 39 molecular molecular JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 40 evolution evolution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 41 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 42 clade clade NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 43 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 44 clade clade NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 45 across across IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 46 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 47 branches branch NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 48 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 49 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 50 tree tree NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 51 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 52 79 79 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 136 54 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 137 1 Substitution substitution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 137 2 rates rate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 137 3 across across IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 137 4 branches branch NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 137 5 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 137 6 assumed assume VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 137 7 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 137 8 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 137 9 either either CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 137 10 autocorrelated autocorrelate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 137 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 137 12 80 80 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 137 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 137 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 137 15 i.e. i.e. FW cord-024061-gxv8y146 137 16 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 137 17 substitution substitution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 137 18 rates rate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 137 19 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 137 20 dependent dependent JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 137 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 137 22 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 137 23 uncorrelated uncorrelated JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 137 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 137 25 81 81 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 137 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 137 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 137 28 i.e. i.e. FW cord-024061-gxv8y146 137 29 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 137 30 substitution substitution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 137 31 rates rate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 137 32 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 137 33 independent independent JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 137 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 137 35 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 138 1 The the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 138 2 uncorrelated uncorrelated JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 138 3 branch branch NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 138 4 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 138 5 rate rate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 138 6 prior prior RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 138 7 commonly commonly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 138 8 used use VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 138 9 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 138 10 rapidly rapidly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 138 11 evolving evolve VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 138 12 viruses virus NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 138 13 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 138 14 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 138 15 which which WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 138 16 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 138 17 branch branch NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 138 18 rates rate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 138 19 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 138 20 drawn draw VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 138 21 either either CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 138 22 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 138 23 exponential exponential JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 138 24 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 138 25 log log NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 138 26 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 138 27 normal normal JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 138 28 parent parent NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 138 29 distribution distribution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 138 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 138 31 81 81 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 138 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 138 33 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 139 1 Another another DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 139 2 alternative alternative NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 139 3 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 139 4 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 139 5 strict strict JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 139 6 clock clock NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 139 7 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 139 8 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 139 9 local local JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 139 10 molecular molecular JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 139 11 clocks clock NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 139 12 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 139 13 which which WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 139 14 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 139 15 estimate estimate VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 139 16 different different JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 139 17 rates rate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 139 18 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 139 19 different different JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 139 20 predefined predefined JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 139 21 branch branch NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 139 22 groups group NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 139 23 within within IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 139 24 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 139 25 tree tree NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 139 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 139 27 82 82 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 139 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 139 29 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 1 However however RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 3 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 4 large large JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 5 datasets dataset NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 6 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 7 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 8 manual manual JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 9 task task NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 10 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 11 assigning assign VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 12 branches branch NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 13 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 14 different different JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 15 groups group NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 16 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 17 impractical impractical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 19 81 81 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 21 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 22 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 23 therefore therefore RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 24 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 25 Bayesian Bayesian NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 26 random random JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 27 local local JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 28 clocks clock NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 29 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 30 nest nest VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 31 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 32 series series NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 33 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 34 local local JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 35 clocks clock NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 36 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 37 each each DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 38 extending extend VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 39 over over IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 40 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 41 group group NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 42 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 43 branches branch NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 44 within within IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 45 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 46 full full JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 47 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 49 83 83 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 140 51 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 141 1 Phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 141 2 trees tree NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 141 3 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 141 4 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 141 5 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 141 6 individually individually RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 141 7 sampled sample VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 141 8 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 141 9 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 141 10 estimate estimate VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 141 11 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 141 12 statistical statistical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 141 13 properties property NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 141 14 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 141 15 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 141 16 population population NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 141 17 where where WRB cord-024061-gxv8y146 141 18 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 141 19 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 141 20 were be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 141 21 collected collect VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 141 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 141 23 84 84 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 141 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 141 25 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 142 1 Kingman Kingman NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 142 2 's 's POS cord-024061-gxv8y146 142 3 n n JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 142 4 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 142 5 coalescent coalescent JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 142 6 theory theory NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 142 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 142 8 i.e. i.e. FW cord-024061-gxv8y146 142 9 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 142 10 node node NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 142 11 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 142 12 age age NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 142 13 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 142 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 142 15 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 142 16 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 142 17 first first JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 142 18 stochastic stochastic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 142 19 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 142 20 framework framework NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 142 21 aimed aim VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 142 22 at at IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 142 23 estimating estimate VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 142 24 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 142 25 size size NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 142 26 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 142 27 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 142 28 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 142 29 ' ' POS cord-024061-gxv8y146 142 30 population population NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 142 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 142 32 85 85 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 142 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 142 34 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 143 1 The the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 143 2 theory theory NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 143 3 describes describe VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 143 4 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 143 5 distribution distribution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 143 6 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 143 7 coalescent coalescent JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 143 8 times time NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 143 9 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 143 10 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 143 11 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 143 12 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 143 13 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 143 14 function function NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 143 15 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 143 16 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 143 17 size size NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 143 18 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 143 19 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 143 20 population population NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 143 21 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 143 22 which which WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 143 23 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 143 24 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 143 25 were be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 143 26 drawn draw VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 143 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 143 28 85 85 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 143 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 143 30 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 1 Hence hence RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 3 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 4 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 5 past past JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 6 few few JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 7 decades decade NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 8 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 9 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 10 coalescent coalescent NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 11 theory theory NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 12 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 13 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 14 core core NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 15 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 16 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 17 methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 18 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 19 has have VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 20 shown show VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 21 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 22 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 23 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 24 most most RBS cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 25 useful useful JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 26 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 27 inferring infer VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 28 essential essential JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 29 parameters parameter NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 30 that that WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 31 shapes shape VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 32 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 33 evolution evolution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 34 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 35 population population NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 36 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 37 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 38 evolving evolve VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 39 populations population NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 40 including include VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 41 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 42 effective effective JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 43 size size NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 45 86 86 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 47 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 48 rate rate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 49 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 50 growth growth NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 51 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 52 87 87 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 54 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 55 structure structure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 56 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 57 88 88 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 58 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 59 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 60 recombination recombination NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 61 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 62 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 63 reticulate reticulate JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 64 ancestry ancestry NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 65 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 66 89 89 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 67 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 144 68 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 145 1 Expanding expand VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 145 2 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 145 3 temporal temporal JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 145 4 frame frame NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 145 5 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 145 6 sampling sampling NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 145 7 times time NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 145 8 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 145 9 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 145 10 ultimate ultimate JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 145 11 approach approach NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 145 12 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 145 13 increasing increase VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 145 14 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 145 15 statistical statistical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 145 16 power power NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 145 17 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 145 18 precision precision NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 145 19 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 145 20 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 145 21 coalescent coalescent JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 145 22 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 145 23 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 145 24 estimating estimate VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 145 25 substitution substitution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 145 26 rates rate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 145 27 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 145 28 population population NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 145 29 demographics demographic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 145 30 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 145 31 rapidly rapidly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 145 32 evolving evolve VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 145 33 viruses virus NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 145 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 145 35 90 90 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 145 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 145 37 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 1 An an DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 2 essential essential JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 3 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 4 parameter parameter NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 5 estimated estimate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 6 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 7 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 8 coalescent coalescent NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 9 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 10 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 11 effective effective JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 12 population population NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 13 size size NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 15 N n NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 16 e e NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 18 at at IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 19 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 20 specific specific JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 21 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 23 t t NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 25 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 26 interpreted interpret VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 27 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 28 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 29 natural natural JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 30 population population NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 31 that that WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 32 represents represent VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 33 sample sample NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 34 genealogies genealogy NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 35 that that WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 36 have have VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 37 statistical statistical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 38 features feature NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 39 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 40 an an DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 41 idealized idealized JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 42 population population NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 43 size size NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 44 through through IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 45 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 46 N n NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 47 e e NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 49 t t NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 51 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 52 84 84 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 146 54 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 147 1 However however RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 147 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 147 3 such such JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 147 4 interpretation interpretation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 147 5 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 147 6 only only RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 147 7 suitable suitable JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 147 8 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 147 9 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 147 10 non non JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 147 11 - - JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 147 12 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 147 13 single single JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 147 14 population population NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 147 15 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 147 16 whereas whereas IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 147 17 complex complex JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 147 18 populations population NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 147 19 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 147 20 more more RBR cord-024061-gxv8y146 147 21 frequent frequent JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 147 22 recombination recombination NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 147 23 events event NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 147 24 require require VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 147 25 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 147 26 use use NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 147 27 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 147 28 structured structured JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 147 29 tree tree NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 147 30 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 147 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 147 32 84 84 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 147 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 147 34 described describe VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 147 35 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 147 36 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 147 37 following following JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 147 38 section section NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 147 39 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 148 1 Estimating estimate VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 148 2 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 148 3 posterior posterior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 148 4 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 148 5 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 148 6 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 148 7 well well RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 148 8 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 148 9 mixed mix VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 148 10 population population NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 148 11 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 148 12 changing change VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 148 13 population population NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 148 14 size size NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 148 15 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 148 16 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 148 17 attained attain VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 148 18 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 148 19 either either CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 148 20 parametric parametric JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 148 21 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 148 22 non non JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 148 23 - - JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 148 24 parametric parametric JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 148 25 node node NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 148 26 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 148 27 age age NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 148 28 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 148 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 148 30 84 84 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 148 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 148 32 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 149 1 Parametric parametric JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 149 2 node node NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 149 3 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 149 4 age age NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 149 5 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 149 6 accommodate accommodate VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 149 7 standard standard JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 149 8 continuous continuous JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 149 9 population population NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 149 10 functions function NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 149 11 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 149 12 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 149 13 simplest simple JJS cord-024061-gxv8y146 149 14 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 149 15 most most RBS cord-024061-gxv8y146 149 16 naïve naïve JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 149 17 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 149 18 namely namely RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 149 19 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 149 20 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 149 21 constant constant JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 149 22 population population NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 149 23 growth growth NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 149 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 149 25 CP CP NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 149 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 149 27 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 149 28 which which WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 149 29 assumes assume VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 149 30 that that IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 149 31 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 149 32 population population NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 149 33 growth growth NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 149 34 rate rate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 149 35 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 149 36 zero zero CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 149 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 149 38 91 91 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 149 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 149 40 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 1 The the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 2 other other JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 3 three three CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 4 parametric parametric JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 5 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 6 include include VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 7 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 8 logistic logistic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 10 LG LG NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 12 growth growth NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 14 assumes assume VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 15 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 16 population population NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 17 growth growth NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 18 rate rate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 19 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 20 decreasing decrease VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 21 over over IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 22 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 24 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 25 exponential exponential JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 27 EX ex NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 29 growth growth NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 31 assumes assume VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 32 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 33 population population NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 34 growth growth NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 35 rate rate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 36 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 37 fixed fix VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 38 over over IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 39 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 41 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 42 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 43 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 44 expansion expansion NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 46 EGx egx NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 48 growth growth NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 50 assumes assume VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 51 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 52 population population NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 53 growth growth NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 54 rate rate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 55 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 56 increasing increase VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 57 over over IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 58 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 59 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 60 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 61 91 91 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 62 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 150 63 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 1 One one PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 2 would would MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 3 expect expect VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 4 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 5 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 6 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 7 event event NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 8 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 9 an an DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 10 epidemic epidemic NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 11 caused cause VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 12 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 13 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 14 rapidly rapidly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 15 evolving evolve VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 16 virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 17 like like IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 18 influenza influenza NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 19 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 20 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 21 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 22 absence absence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 23 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 24 new new JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 25 vaccination vaccination NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 26 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 27 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 28 population population NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 29 growth growth NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 30 rate rate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 31 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 32 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 33 virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 34 would would MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 35 realistically realistically RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 36 fit fit VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 37 either either CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 38 an an DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 39 exponential exponential JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 40 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 41 an an DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 42 expansion expansion NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 43 growth growth NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 44 rate rate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 45 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 47 44 44 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 48 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 49 92 92 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 151 51 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 152 1 Unlike unlike IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 152 2 parametric parametric JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 152 3 node node NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 152 4 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 152 5 age age NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 152 6 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 152 7 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 152 8 non non JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 152 9 - - JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 152 10 parametric parametric JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 152 11 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 152 12 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 152 13 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 152 14 used use VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 152 15 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 152 16 visually visually RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 152 17 infer infer VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 152 18 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 152 19 history history NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 152 20 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 152 21 population population NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 152 22 size size NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 152 23 through through IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 152 24 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 152 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 152 26 i.e. i.e. FW cord-024061-gxv8y146 152 27 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 152 28 genetic genetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 152 29 diversity diversity NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 152 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 152 31 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 152 32 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 152 33 sequence sequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 152 34 data datum NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 152 35 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 152 36 terms term NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 152 37 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 152 38 inclines incline NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 152 39 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 152 40 declines decline NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 152 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 152 42 93 93 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 152 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 152 44 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 153 1 These these DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 153 2 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 153 3 treat treat VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 153 4 each each DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 153 5 coalescent coalescent JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 153 6 interval interval NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 153 7 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 153 8 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 153 9 separate separate JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 153 10 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 153 11 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 153 12 represent represent VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 153 13 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 153 14 parameter parameter NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 153 15 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 153 16 population population NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 153 17 size size NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 153 18 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 153 19 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 153 20 given give VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 153 21 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 153 22 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 153 23 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 153 24 which which WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 153 25 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 153 26 number number NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 153 27 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 153 28 segments segment NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 153 29 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 153 30 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 153 31 specified specify VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 153 32 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 153 33 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 153 34 investigator investigator NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 153 35 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 153 36 generate generate VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 153 37 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 153 38 sky sky NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 153 39 plot plot NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 153 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 153 41 93 93 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 153 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 153 43 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 154 1 The the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 154 2 piece piece NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 154 3 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 154 4 wise wise JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 154 5 constant constant JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 154 6 Bayesian bayesian JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 154 7 skyline skyline NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 154 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 154 9 BS BS NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 154 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 154 11 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 154 12 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 154 13 simplest simple JJS cord-024061-gxv8y146 154 14 non non JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 154 15 - - JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 154 16 parametric parametric JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 154 17 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 154 18 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 154 19 which which WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 154 20 assumes assume VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 154 21 that that IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 154 22 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 154 23 effective effective JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 154 24 population population NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 154 25 size size NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 154 26 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 154 27 experiencing experience VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 154 28 an an DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 154 29 episodic episodic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 154 30 stepwise stepwise JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 154 31 changes change NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 154 32 through through IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 154 33 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 154 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 154 35 93 93 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 154 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 154 37 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 1 However however RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 3 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 4 BS BS NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 5 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 6 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 7 shown show VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 8 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 9 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 10 very very RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 11 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 12 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 13 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 14 total total JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 15 number number NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 16 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 17 change change NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 18 points point NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 20 i.e. i.e. FW cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 21 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 22 coalescent coalescent NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 23 intervals interval NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 25 when when WRB cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 26 specified specify VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 27 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 28 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 29 prior prior NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 30 as as RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 31 well well RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 32 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 33 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 34 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 35 number number NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 36 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 37 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 38 sampled sample VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 39 at at IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 40 each each DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 41 point point NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 42 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 43 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 45 94 94 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 155 47 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 156 1 Hence hence RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 156 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 156 3 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 156 4 Gaussian Gaussian NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 156 5 Markov Markov NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 156 6 random random JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 156 7 fields field NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 156 8 Bayesian Bayesian NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 156 9 Skyride Skyride NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 156 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 156 11 GMRF GMRF NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 156 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 156 13 was be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 156 14 proposed propose VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 156 15 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 156 16 an an DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 156 17 alternative alternative JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 156 18 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 156 19 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 156 20 BS BS NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 156 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 156 22 95 95 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 156 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 156 24 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 157 1 The the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 157 2 GMRF GMRF NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 157 3 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 157 4 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 157 5 less less RBR cord-024061-gxv8y146 157 6 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 157 7 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 157 8 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 157 9 prior prior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 157 10 number number NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 157 11 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 157 12 change change NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 157 13 points point NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 157 14 because because IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 157 15 it -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 157 16 implements implement VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 157 17 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 157 18 temporal temporal JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 157 19 smoothing smoothing NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 157 20 approach approach NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 157 21 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 157 22 recover recover VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 157 23 accurate accurate JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 157 24 population population NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 157 25 size size NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 157 26 trajectories trajectory NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 157 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 157 28 95 95 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 157 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 157 30 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 158 1 However however RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 158 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 158 3 an an DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 158 4 improved improved JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 158 5 version version NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 158 6 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 158 7 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 158 8 GMRF GMRF NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 158 9 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 158 10 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 158 11 Skygrid Skygrid NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 158 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 158 13 SG SG NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 158 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 158 15 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 158 16 which which WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 158 17 takes take VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 158 18 into into IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 158 19 account account NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 158 20 mutation mutation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 158 21 parameters parameter NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 158 22 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 158 23 multi multi JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 158 24 - - JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 158 25 locus locus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 158 26 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 158 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 158 28 33 33 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 158 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 158 30 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 159 1 The the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 159 2 SG SG NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 159 3 provides provide VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 159 4 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 159 5 more more RBR cord-024061-gxv8y146 159 6 realistic realistic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 159 7 estimate estimate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 159 8 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 159 9 demographic demographic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 159 10 history history NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 159 11 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 159 12 terms term NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 159 13 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 159 14 population population NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 159 15 size size NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 159 16 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 159 17 divergence divergence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 159 18 times time NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 159 19 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 159 20 as as RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 159 21 well well RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 159 22 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 159 23 flexibility flexibility NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 159 24 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 159 25 terms term NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 159 26 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 159 27 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 159 28 ability ability NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 159 29 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 159 30 specify specify VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 159 31 cut cut VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 159 32 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 159 33 points point NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 159 34 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 159 35 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 159 36 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 159 37 trajectories trajectory NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 159 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 159 39 33 33 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 159 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 159 41 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 160 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 160 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 160 3 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 160 4 SG SG NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 160 5 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 160 6 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 160 7 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 160 8 least least JJS cord-024061-gxv8y146 160 9 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 160 10 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 160 11 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 160 12 temporal temporal JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 160 13 distribution distribution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 160 14 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 160 15 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 160 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 160 17 33 33 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 160 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 160 19 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 161 1 A a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 161 2 notable notable JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 161 3 example example NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 161 4 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 161 5 sky sky NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 161 6 plots plot VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 161 7 utility utility NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 161 8 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 161 9 PRRS PRRS NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 161 10 virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 161 11 molecular molecular JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 161 12 surveillance surveillance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 161 13 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 161 14 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 161 15 United United NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 161 16 States States NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 161 17 was be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 161 18 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 161 19 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 161 20 Alkhamis Alkhamis NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 161 21 et et NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 161 22 al al NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 161 23 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 162 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 162 2 21 21 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 162 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 162 4 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 162 5 Alkhamis Alkhamis NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 162 6 et et NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 162 7 al al NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 162 8 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 163 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 163 2 37 37 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 163 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 163 4 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 2 sky sky NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 3 plot plot NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 4 inferred infer VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 5 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 6 distinctly distinctly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 7 high high JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 8 genetic genetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 9 diversity diversity NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 10 through through IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 11 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 12 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 13 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 14 emerging emerge VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 15 1 1 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 16 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 17 7 7 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 18 - - SYM cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 19 4 4 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 20 RFLP rflp JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 21 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 22 type type NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 23 PRRV PRRV NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 24 virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 26 37 37 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 28 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 29 while while IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 30 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 31 consistent consistent JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 32 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 33 increases increase NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 34 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 35 decreases decrease NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 36 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 37 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 38 relative relative JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 39 genetic genetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 40 diversity diversity NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 41 through through IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 42 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 43 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 44 endemic endemic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 45 strains strain NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 46 isolated isolate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 47 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 48 2014 2014 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 49 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 50 2015 2015 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 51 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 52 21 21 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 164 54 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 165 1 Mugration mugration NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 165 2 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 165 3 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 165 4 substitution substitution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 165 5 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 165 6 used use VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 165 7 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 165 8 infer infer VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 165 9 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 165 10 migration migration NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 165 11 processes process NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 165 12 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 165 13 evolving evolve VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 165 14 organisms organism NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 165 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 165 16 96 96 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 165 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 165 18 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 166 1 The the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 166 2 most most RBS cord-024061-gxv8y146 166 3 notable notable JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 166 4 implementation implementation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 166 5 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 166 6 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 166 7 migration migration NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 166 8 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 166 9 was be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 166 10 developed develop VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 166 11 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 166 12 Lemey Lemey NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 166 13 et et NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 166 14 al al NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 166 15 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 167 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 167 2 97 97 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 167 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 167 4 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 167 5 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 167 6 CTMP CTMP NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 167 7 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 167 8 infer infer VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 167 9 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 167 10 avian avian JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 167 11 influenza influenza NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 167 12 virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 167 13 's 's POS cord-024061-gxv8y146 167 14 global global JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 167 15 origins origin NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 167 16 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 167 17 movements movement NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 167 18 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 167 19 countries country NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 167 20 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 168 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 168 2 used use VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 168 3 countries country NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 168 4 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 168 5 which which WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 168 6 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 168 7 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 168 8 have have VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 168 9 been be VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 168 10 sampled sample VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 168 11 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 168 12 discrete discrete JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 168 13 traits trait NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 168 14 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 168 15 estimate estimate VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 168 16 migration migration NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 168 17 rates rate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 168 18 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 168 19 pairs pair NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 168 20 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 168 21 predefined predefined JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 168 22 sets set NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 168 23 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 168 24 geographical geographical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 168 25 locations location NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 168 26 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 168 27 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 168 28 therefore therefore RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 168 29 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 168 30 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 168 31 method method NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 168 32 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 168 33 named name VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 168 34 discrete discrete JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 168 35 phylogeography phylogeography NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 168 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 168 37 97 97 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 168 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 168 39 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 1 Also also RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 3 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 4 method method NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 5 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 6 known know VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 7 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 8 discrete discrete JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 9 trait trait NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 10 analysis analysis NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 12 DTA DTA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 14 because because IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 15 it -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 16 has have VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 17 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 18 flexibility flexibility NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 19 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 20 use use VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 21 any any DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 22 other other JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 23 discrete discrete JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 24 trait trait NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 25 such such JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 26 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 27 host host NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 28 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 29 farm farm NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 30 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 31 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 32 which which WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 33 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 34 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 35 have have VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 36 been be VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 37 isolated isolate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 38 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 39 model model VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 40 migration migration NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 41 rates rate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 42 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 43 infected infected JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 44 hosts host NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 45 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 46 farms farm NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 48 37 37 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 49 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 50 98 98 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 169 52 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 170 1 Besides besides RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 170 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 170 3 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 170 4 method method NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 170 5 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 170 6 infer infer VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 170 7 ancestral ancestral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 170 8 origins origin NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 170 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 170 10 i.e. i.e. FW cord-024061-gxv8y146 170 11 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 170 12 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 170 13 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 170 14 assigned assign VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 170 15 discrete discrete JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 170 16 traits trait NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 170 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 170 18 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 170 19 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 170 20 internal internal JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 170 21 nodes node NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 170 22 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 170 23 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 170 24 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 170 25 through through IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 170 26 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 170 27 estimated estimate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 170 28 root root NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 170 29 state state NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 170 30 posterior posterior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 170 31 probabilities probability NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 170 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 170 33 RSPP RSPP NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 170 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 170 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 170 36 97 97 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 170 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 170 38 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 171 1 However however RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 171 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 171 3 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 171 4 most most RBS cord-024061-gxv8y146 171 5 notable notable JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 171 6 feature feature NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 171 7 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 171 8 discrete discrete JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 171 9 phylogeographic phylogeographic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 171 10 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 171 11 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 171 12 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 171 13 integration integration NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 171 14 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 171 15 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 171 16 Bayesian bayesian JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 171 17 stochastic stochastic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 171 18 search search NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 171 19 variable variable NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 171 20 selection selection NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 171 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 171 22 BSSVS BSSVS NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 171 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 171 24 procedure procedure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 171 25 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 171 26 identify identify VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 171 27 significant significant JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 171 28 viral viral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 171 29 dispersal dispersal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 171 30 routes route NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 171 31 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 171 32 geographical geographical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 171 33 regions region NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 171 34 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 171 35 host host NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 171 36 species specie NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 171 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 171 38 97 97 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 171 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 171 40 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 172 1 BSSVS BSSVS NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 172 2 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 172 3 also also RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 172 4 infer infer VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 172 5 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 172 6 significance significance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 172 7 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 172 8 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 172 9 directionality directionality NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 172 10 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 172 11 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 172 12 migration migration NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 172 13 process process NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 172 14 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 172 15 pairs pair NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 172 16 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 172 17 discrete discrete JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 172 18 traits trait NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 172 19 through through IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 172 20 integrated integrate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 172 21 symmetric symmetric JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 172 22 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 172 23 asymmetric asymmetric JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 172 24 substitution substitution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 172 25 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 172 26 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 1 The the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 2 symmetric symmetric JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 4 Sym Sym NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 6 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 7 assumes assume VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 8 that that IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 9 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 10 transition transition NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 11 rate rate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 12 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 13 state state NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 14 " " `` cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 15 A a NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 16 " " '' cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 17 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 18 " " `` cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 19 B b NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 20 " " '' cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 21 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 22 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 23 same same JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 24 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 25 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 26 transition transition NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 27 rate rate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 28 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 29 state state NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 30 " " `` cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 31 B b NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 32 " " '' cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 33 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 34 " " `` cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 35 A a NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 36 " " '' cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 38 i.e. i.e. FW cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 39 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 40 directional directional JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 41 spread spread NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 42 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 43 traits trait NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 44 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 45 insignificant insignificant JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 47 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 48 while while IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 49 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 50 asymmetric asymmetric JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 51 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 52 Asym Asym NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 54 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 55 assumes assume VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 56 that that IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 57 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 58 transition transition NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 59 rate rate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 60 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 61 state state NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 62 " " `` cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 63 A a NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 64 " " '' cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 65 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 66 " " `` cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 67 B b NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 68 " " '' cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 69 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 70 different different JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 71 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 72 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 73 transition transition NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 74 rate rate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 75 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 76 state state NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 77 " " `` cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 78 B b NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 79 " " '' cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 80 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 81 " " `` cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 82 A a NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 83 " " '' cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 84 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 85 i.e. i.e. FW cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 86 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 87 directional directional JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 88 spread spread NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 89 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 90 traits trait NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 91 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 92 significant significant JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 93 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 94 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 95 97 97 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 96 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 173 97 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 174 1 However however RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 174 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 174 3 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 174 4 lack lack NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 174 5 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 174 6 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 174 7 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 174 8 number number NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 174 9 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 174 10 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 174 11 closer close RBR cord-024061-gxv8y146 174 12 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 174 13 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 174 14 root root NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 174 15 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 174 16 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 174 17 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 174 18 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 174 19 impact impact VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 174 20 accurate accurate JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 174 21 estimation estimation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 174 22 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 174 23 ancestral ancestral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 174 24 traits trait NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 174 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 174 26 i.e. i.e. FW cord-024061-gxv8y146 174 27 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 174 28 ancestral ancestral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 174 29 geographical geographical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 174 30 location location NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 174 31 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 174 32 host host NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 174 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 174 34 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 174 35 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 174 36 DTA DTA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 174 37 method method NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 174 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 174 39 97 97 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 174 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 174 41 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 175 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 175 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 175 3 DTA DTA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 175 4 robustness robustness NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 175 5 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 175 6 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 175 7 improved improve VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 175 8 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 175 9 increasing increase VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 175 10 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 175 11 geographical geographical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 175 12 density density NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 175 13 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 175 14 temporal temporal JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 175 15 depth depth NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 175 16 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 175 17 sampling sampling NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 175 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 175 19 96 96 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 175 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 175 21 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 176 1 DTA DTA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 176 2 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 176 3 also also RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 176 4 limited limit VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 176 5 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 176 6 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 176 7 type type NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 176 8 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 176 9 number number NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 176 10 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 176 11 variables variable NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 176 12 that that WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 176 13 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 176 14 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 176 15 used use VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 176 16 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 176 17 estimate estimate VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 176 18 ancestral ancestral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 176 19 states state NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 176 20 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 177 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 177 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 177 3 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 177 4 BSSVS BSSVS NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 177 5 framework framework NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 177 6 has have VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 177 7 been be VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 177 8 extended extend VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 177 9 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 177 10 accommodate accommodate VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 177 11 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 177 12 transitional transitional JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 177 13 rate rate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 177 14 matrix matrix NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 177 15 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 177 16 discrete discrete JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 177 17 traits trait NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 177 18 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 177 19 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 177 20 generalized generalized JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 177 21 linear linear JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 177 22 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 177 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 177 24 GLM GLM NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 177 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 177 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 177 27 22 22 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 177 28 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 177 29 32 32 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 177 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 177 31 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 178 1 The the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 178 2 method method NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 178 3 improves improve VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 178 4 biological biological JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 178 5 plausibility plausibility NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 178 6 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 178 7 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 178 8 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 178 9 RSPP RSPP NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 178 10 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 178 11 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 178 12 ancestral ancestral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 178 13 traitsby traitsby NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 178 14 simultaneously simultaneously RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 178 15 estimating estimate VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 178 16 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 178 17 inclusion inclusion NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 178 18 probabilities probability NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 178 19 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 178 20 geographic geographic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 178 21 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 178 22 demographic demographic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 178 23 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 178 24 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 178 25 environmental environmental JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 178 26 predictors predictor NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 178 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 178 28 22 22 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 178 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 178 30 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 179 1 However however RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 179 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 179 3 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 179 4 method method NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 179 5 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 179 6 shown show VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 179 7 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 179 8 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 179 9 more more RBR cord-024061-gxv8y146 179 10 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 179 11 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 179 12 sampling sampling NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 179 13 bias bias NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 179 14 than than IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 179 15 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 179 16 standard standard JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 179 17 BSSVS BSSVS NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 179 18 approach approach NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 179 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 179 20 32 32 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 179 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 179 22 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 180 1 Hence hence RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 180 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 180 3 comparative comparative JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 180 4 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 180 5 analyses analysis NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 180 6 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 180 7 sampling sampling NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 180 8 bias bias NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 180 9 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 180 10 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 180 11 approaches approach NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 180 12 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 180 13 recommended recommend VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 180 14 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 180 15 avoid avoid VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 180 16 severely severely RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 180 17 biased biased JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 180 18 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 180 19 RSPPs rspp NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 180 20 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 181 1 In in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 181 2 some some DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 181 3 settings setting NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 181 4 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 181 5 geographical geographical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 181 6 boundaries boundary NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 181 7 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 181 8 not not RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 181 9 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 181 10 defined define VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 181 11 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 181 12 discrete discrete JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 181 13 spatial spatial JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 181 14 traits trait NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 181 15 such such JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 181 16 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 181 17 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 181 18 distribution distribution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 181 19 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 181 20 wildlife wildlife NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 181 21 hosts host NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 181 22 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 181 23 disease disease NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 181 24 vectors vector NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 181 25 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 181 26 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 181 27 therefore therefore RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 181 28 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 181 29 viral viral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 181 30 evolution evolution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 181 31 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 181 32 spread spread VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 181 33 better well RBR cord-024061-gxv8y146 181 34 modeled model VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 181 35 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 181 36 continuous continuous JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 181 37 spatial spatial JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 181 38 diffusion diffusion NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 181 39 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 181 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 181 41 96 96 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 181 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 181 43 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 182 1 When when WRB cord-024061-gxv8y146 182 2 precise precise JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 182 3 geographical geographical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 182 4 information information NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 182 5 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 182 6 available available JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 182 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 182 8 i.e. i.e. FW cord-024061-gxv8y146 182 9 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 182 10 longitude longitude NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 182 11 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 182 12 latitude latitude NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 182 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 182 14 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 182 15 continuous continuous JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 182 16 phylogeographic phylogeographic NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 182 17 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 182 18 reconstruct reconstruct VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 182 19 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 182 20 viral viral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 182 21 spatio spatio JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 182 22 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 182 23 temporal temporal JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 182 24 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 182 25 history history NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 182 26 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 182 27 relaxed relaxed JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 182 28 random random JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 182 29 walk walk NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 182 30 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 182 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 182 32 19 19 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 182 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 182 34 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 183 1 These these DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 183 2 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 183 3 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 183 4 additionally additionally RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 183 5 estimate estimate VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 183 6 viral viral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 183 7 dispersal dispersal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 183 8 rate rate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 183 9 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 183 10 km km NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 183 11 2 2 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 183 12 /year /year , cord-024061-gxv8y146 183 13 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 183 14 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 183 15 distinguish distinguish VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 183 16 whether whether IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 183 17 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 183 18 spatial spatial JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 183 19 diffusion diffusion NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 183 20 process process NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 183 21 was be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 183 22 homogenous homogenous JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 183 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 183 24 e.g. e.g. RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 183 25 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 183 26 dispersal dispersal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 183 27 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 183 28 air air NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 183 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 183 30 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 183 31 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 183 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 183 33 dispersal dispersal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 183 34 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 183 35 movements movement NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 183 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 183 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 183 38 19 19 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 183 39 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 183 40 21 21 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 183 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 183 42 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 184 1 In in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 184 2 many many JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 184 3 instances instance NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 184 4 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 184 5 sequence sequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 184 6 samples sample NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 184 7 tend tend VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 184 8 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 184 9 cluster cluster VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 184 10 within within IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 184 11 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 184 12 geographical geographical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 184 13 region region NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 184 14 leading lead VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 184 15 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 184 16 incomplete incomplete JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 184 17 mixing mixing NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 184 18 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 184 19 formation formation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 184 20 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 184 21 structure structure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 184 22 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 184 23 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 184 24 population population NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 184 25 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 185 1 This this DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 185 2 might may MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 185 3 bias bias VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 185 4 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 185 5 posterior posterior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 185 6 inferences inference NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 185 7 that that WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 185 8 estimated estimate VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 185 9 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 185 10 coalescent coalescent JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 185 11 phylogeographic phylogeographic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 185 12 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 185 13 mentioned mention VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 185 14 above above RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 185 15 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 186 1 Hence hence RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 186 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 186 3 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 186 4 recently recently RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 186 5 developed develop VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 186 6 structured structured JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 186 7 coalescent coalescent NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 186 8 tree tree NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 186 9 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 186 10 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 186 11 inferring infer VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 186 12 phylogeography phylogeography NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 186 13 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 186 14 simultaneously simultaneously RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 186 15 model model VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 186 16 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 186 17 migration migration NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 186 18 process process NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 186 19 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 186 20 regions region NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 186 21 while while IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 186 22 allowing allow VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 186 23 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 186 24 those those DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 186 25 regions region NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 186 26 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 186 27 have have VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 186 28 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 186 29 unique unique JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 186 30 coalescent coalescent NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 186 31 rates rate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 186 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 186 33 96 96 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 186 34 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 186 35 99 99 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 186 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 186 37 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 1 Unlike unlike IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 2 BEAST BEAST NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 3 1.X 1.x CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 4 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 5 BEAST BEAST NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 6 2.X 2.x CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 7 has have VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 8 recently recently RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 9 implemented implement VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 10 several several JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 11 structured structured JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 12 coalescent coalescent NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 13 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 14 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 15 inferring infer VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 16 geographic geographic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 17 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 18 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 19 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 20 host host NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 21 transmission transmission NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 22 histories history NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 23 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 24 including include VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 25 Bayesian bayesian JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 26 structured structured JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 27 coalescent coalescent NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 28 approximation approximation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 30 BASTA BASTA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 33 26 26 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 35 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 36 structured structured JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 37 coalescent coalescent NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 38 transmission transmission NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 39 tree tree NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 40 inference inference NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 42 SCOTTI SCOTTI NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 45 100 100 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 47 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 48 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 49 marginal marginal JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 50 approximation approximation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 51 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 52 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 53 structured structured JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 54 coalescent coalescent NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 55 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 56 MASCOT MASCOT NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 57 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 58 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 59 101 101 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 60 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 187 61 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 188 1 The the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 188 2 complexity complexity NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 188 3 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 188 4 infectious infectious JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 188 5 disease disease NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 188 6 transmission transmission NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 188 7 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 188 8 pushed push VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 188 9 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 188 10 capacity capacity NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 188 11 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 188 12 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 188 13 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 188 14 beyond beyond IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 188 15 demographic demographic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 188 16 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 188 17 phylogeographic phylogeographic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 188 18 reconstructions reconstruction NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 188 19 into into IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 188 20 investigating investigate VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 188 21 traditional traditional JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 188 22 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 188 23 new new JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 188 24 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 188 25 problems problem NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 188 26 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 189 1 One one CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 189 2 notable notable JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 189 3 example example NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 189 4 was be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 189 5 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 189 6 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 189 7 Volz Volz NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 189 8 et et NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 189 9 al al NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 189 10 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 190 1 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 190 2 developing develop VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 190 3 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 190 4 structured structured JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 190 5 coalescent coalescent NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 190 6 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 190 7 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 190 8 infected infected JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 190 9 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 190 10 recovered recovered JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 190 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 190 12 SIR SIR NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 190 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 190 14 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 190 15 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 190 16 infer infer VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 190 17 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 190 18 numbers number NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 190 19 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 190 20 viral viral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 190 21 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 190 22 data data NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 190 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 190 24 102 102 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 190 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 190 26 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 191 1 Similar similar JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 191 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 191 3 but but CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 191 4 more more RBR cord-024061-gxv8y146 191 5 complex complex JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 191 6 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 191 7 implementations implementation NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 191 8 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 191 9 mathematical mathematical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 191 10 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 191 11 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 191 12 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 191 13 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 191 14 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 191 15 were be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 191 16 described describe VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 191 17 elsewhere elsewhere RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 191 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 191 19 103 103 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 191 20 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 191 21 104 104 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 191 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 191 23 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 192 1 Prior prior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 192 2 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 192 3 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 192 4 described describe VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 192 5 above above RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 192 6 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 192 7 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 192 8 readily readily RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 192 9 selected select VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 192 10 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 192 11 set set VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 192 12 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 192 13 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 192 14 graphical graphical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 192 15 user user NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 192 16 interface interface NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 192 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 192 18 GUI GUI NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 192 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 192 20 implemented implement VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 192 21 within within IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 192 22 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 192 23 BEAST BEAST NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 192 24 software software NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 192 25 package package NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 192 26 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 192 27 namely namely RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 192 28 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 192 29 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 192 30 Bayesian Bayesian NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 192 31 Evolutionary Evolutionary NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 192 32 Analysis Analysis NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 192 33 Utility Utility NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 192 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 192 35 BEAUti BEAUti NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 192 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 192 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 192 38 24 24 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 192 39 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 192 40 105 105 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 192 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 192 42 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 193 1 After after IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 193 2 selecting select VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 193 3 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 193 4 setting set VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 193 5 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 193 6 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 193 7 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 193 8 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 193 9 software software NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 193 10 generates generate VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 193 11 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 193 12 standard standard JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 193 13 XML xml NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 193 14 format format NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 193 15 structured structure VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 193 16 text text NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 193 17 file file NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 193 18 allowing allow VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 193 19 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 193 20 flexible flexible JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 193 21 modifications modification NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 193 22 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 193 23 more more RBR cord-024061-gxv8y146 193 24 sophisticated sophisticated JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 193 25 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 193 26 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 193 27 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 194 1 However however RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 194 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 194 3 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 194 4 generated generate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 194 5 XML xml NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 194 6 files file NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 194 7 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 194 8 very very RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 194 9 complex complex JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 194 10 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 194 11 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 194 12 structure structure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 194 13 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 194 14 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 194 15 therefore therefore RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 194 16 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 194 17 manual manual JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 194 18 modifications modification NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 194 19 should should MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 194 20 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 194 21 made make VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 194 22 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 194 23 relevant relevant JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 194 24 experts expert NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 194 25 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 194 26 avoid avoid VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 194 27 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 194 28 introduction introduction NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 194 29 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 194 30 significant significant JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 194 31 error error NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 194 32 into into IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 194 33 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 194 34 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 194 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 194 36 105 105 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 194 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 194 38 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 195 1 Additional additional JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 195 2 tutorials tutorial NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 195 3 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 195 4 selecting select VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 195 5 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 195 6 setting set VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 195 7 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 195 8 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 195 9 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 195 10 BEAST BEAST NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 195 11 1.X 1.x CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 195 12 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 195 13 available available JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 195 14 elsewhere elsewhere RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 195 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 195 16 106 106 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 195 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 195 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 195 19 107 107 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 195 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 196 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 196 2 108 108 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 196 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 196 4 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 197 1 Phylodynamic Phylodynamic NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 197 2 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 197 3 selection selection NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 197 4 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 197 5 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 197 6 critical critical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 197 7 component component NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 197 8 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 197 9 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 197 10 analysis analysis NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 197 11 pipeline pipeline NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 197 12 described describe VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 197 13 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 197 14 Figure Figure NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 197 15 1 1 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 197 16 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 197 17 simply simply RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 197 18 because because IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 197 19 different different JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 197 20 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 197 21 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 197 22 gene gene NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 197 23 segments segment NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 197 24 have have VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 197 25 different different JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 197 26 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 197 27 processes process NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 197 28 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 198 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 198 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 198 3 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 198 4 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 198 5 single single JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 198 6 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 198 7 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 198 8 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 198 9 similar similar JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 198 10 priors prior NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 198 11 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 198 12 infer infer VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 198 13 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 198 14 evolution evolution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 198 15 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 198 16 multiple multiple JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 198 17 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 198 18 may may MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 198 19 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 198 20 biologically biologically RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 198 21 implausible implausible JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 198 22 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 198 23 leading lead VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 198 24 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 198 25 biased biased JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 198 26 inferences inference NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 198 27 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 1 Exploring explore VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 2 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 3 fit fit NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 4 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 5 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 6 sequence sequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 7 data datum NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 8 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 9 different different JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 10 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 11 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 12 combinations combination NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 13 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 14 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 15 terms term NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 16 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 17 substitution substitution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 18 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 19 branch branch NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 20 rate rate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 21 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 22 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 23 node node NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 24 age age NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 25 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 26 infer infer VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 27 divergence divergence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 28 times time NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 29 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 30 Time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 31 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 32 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 33 Most most RBS cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 34 Recent Recent NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 35 Common Common NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 36 Ancestor Ancestor NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 38 TMRCAs TMRCAs NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 40 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 41 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 42 rates rate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 43 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 44 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 45 best good JJS cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 46 strategy strategy NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 47 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 48 ensuring ensure VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 49 accurate accurate JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 50 estimation estimation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 51 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 52 posterior posterior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 53 inferences inference NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 199 54 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 1 For for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 2 inferring infer VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 3 viral viral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 4 demographic demographic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 5 history history NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 6 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 7 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 8 suggested suggested JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 9 pipeline pipeline NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 11 Figure figure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 12 1 1 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 14 leads lead VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 15 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 16 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 17 generation generation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 18 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 19 eight eight CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 20 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 21 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 22 combinations combination NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 23 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 24 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 25 single single JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 26 gene gene NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 27 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 28 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 29 including include VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 30 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 31 selected select VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 32 substitution substitution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 33 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 35 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 36 PartitionFinder PartitionFinder NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 38 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 39 two two CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 40 branch branch NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 41 rate rate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 42 priors prior NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 44 UCED UCED NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 45 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 46 UCLN UCLN NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 48 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 49 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 50 four four CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 51 node node NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 52 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 53 age age NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 54 priors prior NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 55 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 56 Cp Cp NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 57 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 58 Ex Ex NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 59 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 60 Exg Exg NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 61 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 62 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 63 SG SG NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 64 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 200 65 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 201 1 However however RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 201 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 201 3 when when WRB cord-024061-gxv8y146 201 4 inferring infer VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 201 5 phylogeographic phylogeographic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 201 6 history history NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 201 7 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 201 8 DTA DTA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 201 9 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 201 10 we -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 201 11 suggest suggest VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 201 12 exploring explore VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 201 13 both both CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 201 14 Sym Sym NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 201 15 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 201 16 Asym Asym NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 201 17 BSSVS BSSVS NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 201 18 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 201 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 201 20 Figure figure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 201 21 1 1 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 201 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 201 23 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 201 24 which which WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 201 25 will will MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 201 26 lead lead VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 201 27 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 201 28 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 201 29 generation generation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 201 30 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 201 31 16 16 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 201 32 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 201 33 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 202 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 202 2 rigorous rigorous JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 202 3 analytical analytical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 202 4 pipeline pipeline NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 202 5 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 202 6 indeed indeed RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 202 7 timely timely JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 202 8 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 202 9 computationally computationally RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 202 10 demanding demanding JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 202 11 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 202 12 but but CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 202 13 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 202 14 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 202 15 other other JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 202 16 hand hand NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 202 17 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 202 18 it -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 202 19 will will MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 202 20 lead lead VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 202 21 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 202 22 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 202 23 selection selection NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 202 24 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 202 25 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 202 26 most most RBS cord-024061-gxv8y146 202 27 realistic realistic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 202 28 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 202 29 that that WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 202 30 fits fit VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 202 31 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 202 32 sequence sequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 202 33 data datum NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 202 34 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 202 35 confidence confidence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 202 36 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 203 1 However however RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 203 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 203 3 this this DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 203 4 suggested suggest VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 203 5 pipeline pipeline NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 203 6 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 203 7 not not RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 203 8 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 203 9 strict strict JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 203 10 set set NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 203 11 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 203 12 procedures procedure NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 203 13 that that WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 203 14 will will MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 203 15 ensure ensure VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 203 16 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 203 17 inferences inference NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 203 18 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 203 19 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 203 20 therefore therefore RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 203 21 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 203 22 researchers researcher NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 203 23 may may MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 203 24 explore explore VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 203 25 other other JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 203 26 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 203 27 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 203 28 analytical analytical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 203 29 pipelines pipeline NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 203 30 relevant relevant JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 203 31 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 203 32 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 203 33 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 203 34 hypotheses hypothesis NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 203 35 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 204 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 204 2 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 204 3 worth worth JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 204 4 noting note VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 204 5 that that IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 204 6 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 204 7 computational computational JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 204 8 efficiency efficiency NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 204 9 has have VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 204 10 been be VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 204 11 substantially substantially RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 204 12 improved improve VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 204 13 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 204 14 BEAST BEAST NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 204 15 version version NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 204 16 1.10 1.10 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 204 17 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 204 18 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 204 19 accompanied accompany VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 204 20 software software NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 204 21 library library NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 204 22 Broadplatform Broadplatform NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 204 23 Evolutionary Evolutionary NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 204 24 Analysis Analysis NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 204 25 General General NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 204 26 Likelihood Likelihood NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 204 27 Evaluator Evaluator NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 204 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 204 29 BEAGLE BEAGLE NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 204 30 ; ; : cord-024061-gxv8y146 204 31 permits permit VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 204 32 flexible flexible JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 204 33 parallel parallel JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 204 34 computing computing NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 204 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 204 36 when when WRB cord-024061-gxv8y146 204 37 compared compare VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 204 38 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 204 39 earlier early JJR cord-024061-gxv8y146 204 40 versions version NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 204 41 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 1 The the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 2 fit fit NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 3 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 4 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 5 sequence sequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 6 data datum NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 7 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 8 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 9 most most RBS cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 10 realistic realistic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 11 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 12 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 13 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 14 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 15 assessed assess VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 16 through through IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 17 simultaneous simultaneous JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 18 estimating estimate VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 19 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 20 marginal marginal JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 21 likelihood likelihood NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 23 MLL MLL NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 25 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 26 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 27 path path NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 28 sampling sampling NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 30 PS PS NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 33 25 25 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 35 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 36 stepping step VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 37 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 38 stone stone NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 39 sampling sampling NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 41 SS SS NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 44 109 109 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 46 implemented implement VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 47 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 48 BEAUti BEAUti NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 49 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 50 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 51 standard standard JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 52 settings setting NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 53 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 54 i.e. i.e. FW cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 55 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 56 simulating simulate VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 57 across across IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 58 100 100 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 59 samples sample NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 60 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 61 1 1 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 62 million million CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 63 cycle cycle NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 64 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 65 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 66 posterior posterior NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 67 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 68 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 69 prior prior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 70 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 71 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 72 prior prior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 73 reflection reflection NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 74 point point NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 75 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 76 Beta Beta NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 77 [ [ -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 78 0.3 0.3 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 79 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 80 1.0 1.0 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 81 ] ] -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 82 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 205 83 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 206 1 The the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 206 2 joint joint JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 206 3 posterior posterior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 206 4 probability probability NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 206 5 density density NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 206 6 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 206 7 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 206 8 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 206 9 ' ' POS cord-024061-gxv8y146 206 10 parameters parameter NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 206 11 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 206 12 estimated estimate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 206 13 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 206 14 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 206 15 MCMC MCMC NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 206 16 algorithms algorithm NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 206 17 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 207 1 Setting set VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 207 2 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 207 3 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 207 4 length length NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 207 5 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 207 6 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 207 7 MCMC MCMC NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 207 8 chains chain NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 207 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 207 10 i.e. i.e. FW cord-024061-gxv8y146 207 11 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 207 12 number number NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 207 13 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 207 14 cycles cycle NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 207 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 207 16 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 207 17 ensure ensure VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 207 18 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 207 19 convergence convergence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 207 20 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 207 21 dependent dependent JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 207 22 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 207 23 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 207 24 number number NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 207 25 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 207 26 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 207 27 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 207 28 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 207 29 dataset dataset NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 207 30 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 208 1 One one CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 208 2 recommended recommend VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 208 3 approach approach NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 208 4 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 208 5 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 208 6 quadratically quadratically RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 208 7 increase increase VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 208 8 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 208 9 chain chain NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 208 10 length length NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 208 11 relative relative JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 208 12 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 208 13 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 208 14 number number NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 208 15 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 208 16 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 208 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 208 18 e.g. e.g. RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 208 19 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 208 20 4 4 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 208 21 million million CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 208 22 states state NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 208 23 per per IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 208 24 sequence sequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 208 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 208 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 208 27 110 110 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 208 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 208 29 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 209 1 Finally finally RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 209 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 209 3 creating create VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 209 4 duplicate duplicate JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 209 5 runs run NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 209 6 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 209 7 each each DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 209 8 generated generate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 209 9 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 209 10 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 209 11 aid aid VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 209 12 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 209 13 assessing assess VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 209 14 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 209 15 performance performance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 209 16 stability stability NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 209 17 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 209 18 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 209 19 MCMC MCMC NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 209 20 simulations simulation NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 209 21 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 209 22 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 209 23 MLL MLL NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 209 24 estimates estimate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 209 25 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 210 1 MCMC MCMC NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 210 2 log log NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 210 3 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 210 4 files file NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 210 5 generated generate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 210 6 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 210 7 BEAST BEAST NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 210 8 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 210 9 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 210 10 thoroughly thoroughly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 210 11 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 210 12 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 210 13 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 210 14 friendly friendly JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 210 15 GUI GUI NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 210 16 software software NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 210 17 known know VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 210 18 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 210 19 Tracer Tracer NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 210 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 210 21 111 111 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 210 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 210 23 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 211 1 The the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 211 2 software software NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 211 3 provides provide VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 211 4 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 211 5 simultaneous simultaneous JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 211 6 platform platform NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 211 7 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 211 8 summarizing summarize VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 211 9 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 211 10 visualizing visualize VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 211 11 posterior posterior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 211 12 estimates estimate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 211 13 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 212 1 Appropriate appropriate JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 212 2 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 212 3 convergence convergence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 212 4 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 212 5 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 212 6 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 212 7 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 212 8 examining examine VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 212 9 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 212 10 MCMC MCMC NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 212 11 mixing mix VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 212 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 212 13 based base VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 212 14 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 212 15 acceptance acceptance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 212 16 ratios ratio NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 212 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 212 18 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 212 19 trace trace NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 212 20 plots plot NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 212 21 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 212 22 after after IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 212 23 discarding discard VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 212 24 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 212 25 10 10 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 212 26 % % NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 212 27 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 212 28 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 212 29 sample sample NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 212 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 212 31 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 212 32 " " `` cord-024061-gxv8y146 212 33 burn burn NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 212 34 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 212 35 in in NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 212 36 " " '' cord-024061-gxv8y146 212 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 212 38 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 213 1 Besides besides RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 213 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 213 3 assessing assess VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 213 4 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 213 5 estimates estimate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 213 6 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 213 7 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 213 8 effective effective JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 213 9 sample sample NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 213 10 sizes size NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 213 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 213 12 ESS ESS NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 213 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 213 14 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 213 15 each each DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 213 16 parameter parameter NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 213 17 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 213 18 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 213 19 which which WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 213 20 ESS ESS NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 213 21 values value NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 213 22 > > XX cord-024061-gxv8y146 213 23 200 200 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 213 24 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 213 25 indicates indicate VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 213 26 good good JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 213 27 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 213 28 convergence convergence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 213 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 213 30 111 111 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 213 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 213 32 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 214 1 On on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 214 2 some some DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 214 3 occasions occasion NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 214 4 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 214 5 good good JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 214 6 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 214 7 convergence convergence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 214 8 does do VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 214 9 not not RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 214 10 ensure ensure VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 214 11 consistent consistent JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 214 12 parameter parameter NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 214 13 estimation estimation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 214 14 due due IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 214 15 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 214 16 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 214 17 use use NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 214 18 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 214 19 non non JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 214 20 - - JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 214 21 informative informative JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 214 22 priors prior NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 214 23 implemented implement VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 214 24 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 214 25 BEAUti BEAUti NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 214 26 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 4 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 5 critical critical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 6 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 7 compare compare VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 8 posterior posterior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 9 parameter parameter NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 10 estimates estimate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 12 e.g. e.g. RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 13 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 14 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 15 rates rate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 16 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 17 population population NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 18 growth growth NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 19 rates rate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 20 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 21 PS PS NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 22 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 23 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 24 SS SS NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 25 MLL MLL NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 26 estimates estimate VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 28 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 29 independent independent JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 30 runs run NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 31 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 32 each each DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 33 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 34 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 35 warrant warrant VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 36 that that IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 37 each each DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 38 parameter parameter NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 39 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 40 closely closely RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 41 identical identical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 42 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 43 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 44 duplicate duplicate JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 45 run run NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 215 46 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 216 1 In in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 216 2 case case NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 216 3 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 216 4 improper improper JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 216 5 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 216 6 convergence convergence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 216 7 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 216 8 inconsistent inconsistent JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 216 9 parameter parameter NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 216 10 estimation estimation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 216 11 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 216 12 it -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 216 13 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 216 14 recommended recommend VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 216 15 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 216 16 either either CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 216 17 increase increase VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 216 18 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 216 19 length length NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 216 20 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 216 21 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 216 22 MCMC MCMC NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 216 23 chain chain NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 216 24 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 216 25 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 216 26 use use NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 216 27 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 216 28 informative informative JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 216 29 priors prior NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 216 30 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 216 31 previous previous JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 216 32 MCMC MCMC NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 216 33 runs run VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 216 34 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 216 35 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 216 36 same same JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 216 37 gene gene NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 216 38 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 216 39 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 216 40 pathogen pathogen NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 216 41 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 217 1 Model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 217 2 selection selection NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 217 3 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 217 4 achieved achieve VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 217 5 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 217 6 comparing compare VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 217 7 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 217 8 Bayes Bayes NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 217 9 factor factor NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 217 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 217 11 BF BF NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 217 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 217 13 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 217 14 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 217 15 resulting result VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 217 16 MLL MLL NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 217 17 estimates estimate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 217 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 217 19 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 217 20 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 217 21 PS PS NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 217 22 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 217 23 SS SS NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 217 24 methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 217 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 217 26 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 217 27 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 217 28 corresponding correspond VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 217 29 candidate candidate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 217 30 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 217 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 217 32 25 25 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 217 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 217 34 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 218 1 Briefly briefly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 218 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 218 3 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 218 4 BF BF NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 218 5 value value NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 218 6 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 218 7 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 218 8 candidate candidate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 218 9 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 218 10 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 218 11 summarized summarize VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 218 12 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 218 13 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 218 14 matrix matrix NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 218 15 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 218 16 computed compute VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 218 17 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 218 18 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 218 19 following follow VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 218 20 equation equation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 218 21 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 218 22 where where WRB cord-024061-gxv8y146 218 23 Y Y NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 218 24 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 218 25 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 218 26 sequence sequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 218 27 data data NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 218 28 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 218 29 M M NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 219 1 i i PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 219 2 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 219 3 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 219 4 candidate candidate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 219 5 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 219 6 " " `` cord-024061-gxv8y146 219 7 i i NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 219 8 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 219 9 " " '' cord-024061-gxv8y146 219 10 M M NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 219 11 j j NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 219 12 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 219 13 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 219 14 competing compete VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 219 15 candidate candidate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 219 16 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 219 17 " " `` cord-024061-gxv8y146 219 18 j j NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 219 19 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 219 20 " " '' cord-024061-gxv8y146 219 21 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 219 22 lnp lnp NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 219 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 219 24 Y|M Y|M NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 219 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 219 26 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 219 27 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 219 28 MLL MLL NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 219 29 estimate estimate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 219 30 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 219 31 either either DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 219 32 SS SS NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 219 33 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 219 34 PS PS NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 219 35 simulators simulator NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 219 36 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 220 1 BF BF NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 220 2 values value NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 220 3 estimated estimate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 220 4 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 220 5 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 220 6 SS SS NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 220 7 method method NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 220 8 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 220 9 summarized summarize VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 220 10 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 220 11 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 220 12 upper upper JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 220 13 off off JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 220 14 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 220 15 diagonal diagonal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 220 16 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 220 17 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 220 18 matrix matrix NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 220 19 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 220 20 while while IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 220 21 BF BF NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 220 22 values value NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 220 23 estimated estimate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 220 24 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 220 25 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 220 26 PS PS NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 220 27 method method NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 220 28 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 220 29 summarized summarize VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 220 30 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 220 31 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 220 32 lower low JJR cord-024061-gxv8y146 220 33 off off JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 220 34 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 220 35 diagonal diagonal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 220 36 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 220 37 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 220 38 matrix matrix NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 220 39 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 221 1 A a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 221 2 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 221 3 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 221 4 horizontal horizontal JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 221 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 221 6 i.e. i.e. FW cord-024061-gxv8y146 221 7 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 221 8 row row VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 221 9 side side NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 221 10 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 221 11 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 221 12 maxtrix maxtrix NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 221 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 221 14 BF BF NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 221 15 values value VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 221 16 greater great JJR cord-024061-gxv8y146 221 17 than than IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 221 18 other other JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 221 19 candidate candidate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 221 20 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 221 21 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 221 22 selected select VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 221 23 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 222 1 Additional additional JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 222 2 applied apply VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 222 3 examples example NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 222 4 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 222 5 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 222 6 selection selection NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 222 7 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 222 8 BEAST BEAST NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 222 9 1.X 1.x CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 222 10 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 222 11 available available JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 222 12 elsewhere elsewhere RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 222 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 222 14 106 106 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 222 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 222 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 222 17 107 107 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 222 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 223 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 223 2 108 108 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 223 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 223 4 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 224 1 The the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 224 2 ultimate ultimate JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 224 3 goal goal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 224 4 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 224 5 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 224 6 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 224 7 selection selection NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 224 8 procedure procedure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 224 9 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 224 10 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 224 11 find find VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 224 12 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 224 13 best good JJS cord-024061-gxv8y146 224 14 fitting fitting JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 224 15 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 224 16 that that WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 224 17 generated generate VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 224 18 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 224 19 data datum NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 224 20 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 224 21 while while IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 224 22 combining combine VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 224 23 simplicity simplicity NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 224 24 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 224 25 biological biological JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 224 26 realism realism NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 224 27 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 224 28 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 224 29 appropriately appropriately RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 224 30 represent represent VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 224 31 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 224 32 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 224 33 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 224 34 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 224 35 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 224 36 pathogen pathogen NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 224 37 under under IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 224 38 study study NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 224 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 224 40 25 25 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 224 41 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 224 42 112 112 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 224 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 224 44 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 225 1 Inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 225 2 relative relative JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 225 3 genetic genetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 225 4 diversity diversity NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 225 5 through through IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 225 6 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 225 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 225 8 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 225 9 other other JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 225 10 reconstructed reconstruct VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 225 11 demographic demographic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 225 12 trajectories trajectory NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 225 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 225 14 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 225 15 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 225 16 highest high JJS cord-024061-gxv8y146 225 17 posterior posterior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 225 18 density density NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 225 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 225 20 HPD HPD NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 225 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 225 22 interval interval NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 225 23 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 225 24 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 225 25 summarized summarize VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 225 26 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 225 27 sky sky NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 225 28 plots plot NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 225 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 225 30 e.g. e.g. RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 225 31 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 225 32 Skygrid Skygrid NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 225 33 plot plot NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 225 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 225 35 generated generate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 225 36 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 225 37 Tracer Tracer NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 225 38 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 226 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 226 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 226 3 estimates estimate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 226 4 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 226 5 divergence divergence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 226 6 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 226 7 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 226 8 TMRCAs tmrca NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 226 9 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 226 10 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 226 11 substitution substitution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 226 12 rate rate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 226 13 / / SYM cord-024061-gxv8y146 226 14 site site NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 226 15 / / SYM cord-024061-gxv8y146 226 16 year year NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 226 17 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 226 18 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 226 19 HPD HPD NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 226 20 intervals interval NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 226 21 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 226 22 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 226 23 summarized summarize VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 226 24 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 226 25 Tracer Tracer NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 226 26 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 226 27 either either CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 226 28 box box NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 226 29 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 226 30 violin violin NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 226 31 plots plot NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 226 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 226 33 111 111 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 226 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 226 35 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 227 1 Also also RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 227 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 227 3 Tracer Tracer NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 227 4 provides provide VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 227 5 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 227 6 flexible flexible JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 227 7 platform platform NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 227 8 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 227 9 simultaneous simultaneous JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 227 10 comparison comparison NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 227 11 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 227 12 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 227 13 estimates estimate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 227 14 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 227 15 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 227 16 multiple multiple JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 227 17 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 227 18 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 227 19 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 228 1 Next next RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 228 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 228 3 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 228 4 resulting result VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 228 5 marginal marginal JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 228 6 posterior posterior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 228 7 probability probability NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 228 8 density density NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 228 9 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 228 10 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 228 11 selected select VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 228 12 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 228 13 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 228 14 summarized summarize VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 228 15 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 228 16 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 228 17 maximum maximum JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 228 18 clade clade NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 228 19 credible credible JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 228 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 228 21 MCC MCC NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 228 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 228 23 tree tree NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 228 24 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 228 25 TreeAnotator TreeAnotator NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 228 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 228 27 24 24 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 228 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 228 29 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 228 30 generate generate VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 228 31 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 228 32 tree tree NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 228 33 file file NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 228 34 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 229 1 MCC MCC NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 229 2 tree tree NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 229 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 229 4 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 229 5 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 229 6 tree tree NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 229 7 file file NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 229 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 229 9 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 229 10 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 229 11 then then RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 229 12 visualized visualize VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 229 13 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 229 14 annotated annotate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 229 15 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 229 16 either either DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 229 17 posterior posterior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 229 18 support support NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 229 19 values value NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 229 20 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 229 21 RSSPs rssp NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 229 22 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 229 23 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 229 24 discrete discrete JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 229 25 traits trait NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 229 26 at at IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 229 27 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 229 28 internal internal JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 229 29 nodes node NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 229 30 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 229 31 FigTree FigTree NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 229 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 229 33 113 113 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 229 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 229 35 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 230 1 In in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 230 2 addition addition NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 230 3 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 230 4 FigTree FigTree NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 230 5 provides provide VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 230 6 many many JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 230 7 customizable customizable JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 230 8 tree tree NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 230 9 visualization visualization NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 230 10 options option NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 230 11 as as RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 230 12 well well RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 230 13 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 230 14 it -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 230 15 allows allow VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 230 16 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 230 17 users user NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 230 18 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 230 19 upload upload VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 230 20 additional additional JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 230 21 information information NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 230 22 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 230 23 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 230 24 text text NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 230 25 file file NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 230 26 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 230 27 annotate annotate VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 230 28 flexibly flexibly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 230 29 descriptions description NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 230 30 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 230 31 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 230 32 nodes node NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 230 33 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 230 34 branches branch NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 230 35 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 230 36 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 230 37 trees tree NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 230 38 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 231 1 SpreaD3 SpreaD3 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 231 2 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 231 3 an an DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 231 4 interactive interactive JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 231 5 Java Java NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 231 6 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 231 7 based base VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 231 8 parsing parsing NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 231 9 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 231 10 rendering rendering JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 231 11 tool tool NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 231 12 that that WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 231 13 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 231 14 summarize summarize VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 231 15 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 231 16 visualize visualize VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 231 17 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 231 18 reconstructions reconstruction NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 231 19 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 231 20 infer infer VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 231 21 spatio spatio JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 231 22 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 231 23 temporal temporal JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 231 24 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 231 25 trait trait NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 231 26 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 231 27 history history NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 231 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 231 29 114 114 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 231 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 231 31 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 232 1 Also also RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 232 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 232 3 SpreaD3 SpreaD3 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 232 4 integrates integrate VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 232 5 JavaScript JavaScript NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 232 6 D3 D3 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 232 7 libraries library NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 232 8 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 232 9 provide provide VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 232 10 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 232 11 web web NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 232 12 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 232 13 based base VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 232 14 visualization visualization NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 232 15 platform platform NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 232 16 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 232 17 phylogeographic phylogeographic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 232 18 trees tree NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 232 19 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 232 20 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 232 21 related related JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 232 22 inferences inference NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 232 23 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 232 24 combining combine VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 232 25 information information NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 232 26 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 232 27 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 232 28 MCC MCC NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 232 29 tree tree NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 232 30 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 232 31 GeoJSON geojson NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 232 32 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 232 33 based base VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 232 34 geographic geographic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 232 35 map map NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 232 36 files file NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 232 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 232 38 114 114 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 232 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 232 40 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 1 SpreaD3 SpreaD3 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 2 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 3 generate generate VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 4 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 5 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 6 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 7 lapse lapse NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 8 that that WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 9 superimposes superimpose VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 10 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 11 MCC MCC NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 12 tree tree NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 13 annotated annotate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 14 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 15 either either DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 16 discrete discrete JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 17 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 18 continuous continuous JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 19 spatial spatial JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 20 traits trait NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 21 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 22 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 23 map map NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 24 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 25 which which WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 26 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 27 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 28 visualized visualize VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 29 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 30 either either CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 31 GIS GIS NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 32 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 33 KLM KLM NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 34 virtual virtual JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 35 globe globe NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 36 software software NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 38 e.g. e.g. RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 39 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 40 Google Google NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 41 Earth Earth NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 43 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 44 modern modern JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 45 web web NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 46 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 47 browsers browser NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 49 e.g. e.g. RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 50 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 51 Safari Safari NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 52 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 53 Chrome Chrome NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 233 55 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 234 1 This this DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 234 2 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 234 3 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 234 4 lapse lapse NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 234 5 demonstrates demonstrate VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 234 6 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 234 7 epidemic epidemic NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 234 8 reconstruction reconstruction NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 234 9 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 234 10 pathogen pathogen NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 234 11 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 234 12 history history NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 234 13 through through IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 234 14 space space NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 234 15 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 234 16 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 234 17 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 234 18 which which WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 234 19 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 234 20 quantify quantify VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 234 21 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 234 22 diffusion diffusion NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 234 23 processes process NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 234 24 within within IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 234 25 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 234 26 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 234 27 geographical geographical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 234 28 regions region NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 234 29 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 235 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 235 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 235 3 SpreaD3 SpreaD3 '' cord-024061-gxv8y146 235 4 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 235 5 identify identify VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 235 6 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 235 7 plot plot VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 235 8 well well RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 235 9 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 235 10 supported support VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 235 11 rates rate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 235 12 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 235 13 pairs pair NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 235 14 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 235 15 discrete discrete JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 235 16 traits trait NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 235 17 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 235 18 BFs BFs NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 235 19 estimated estimate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 235 20 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 235 21 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 235 22 symmetric symmetric JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 235 23 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 235 24 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 235 25 asymmetric asymmetric JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 235 26 BSSVS BSSVS NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 235 27 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 235 28 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 236 1 Statistically statistically RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 236 2 significant significant JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 236 3 rates rate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 236 4 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 236 5 large large JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 236 6 BF bf NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 236 7 values value NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 236 8 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 236 9 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 236 10 used use VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 236 11 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 236 12 demonstrate demonstrate VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 236 13 critical critical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 236 14 viral viral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 236 15 dispersal dispersal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 236 16 routes route NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 236 17 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 236 18 geographical geographical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 236 19 regions region NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 236 20 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 236 21 transmission transmission NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 236 22 cycles cycle NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 236 23 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 236 24 host host NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 236 25 species specie NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 236 26 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 1 The the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 2 spillover spillover NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 3 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 4 H3 H3 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 5 SI SI NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 6 virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 7 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 8 humans human NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 9 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 10 swine swine NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 11 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 12 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 13 early early JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 14 2010s 2010 NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 15 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 16 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 17 United United NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 18 States States NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 19 resulted result VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 20 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 21 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 22 novel novel JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 23 emerging emerge VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 24 virulent virulent JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 25 strain strain NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 26 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 27 which which WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 28 was be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 29 antigenically antigenically RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 30 distinct distinct JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 31 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 32 endemic endemic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 33 swine swine NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 34 strains strain NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 35 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 36 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 37 therefore therefore RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 38 was be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 39 named name VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 40 " " `` cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 41 human human NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 42 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 43 like like JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 44 " " `` cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 45 H3 H3 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 46 virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 48 115 115 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 237 50 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 238 1 Swine swine NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 238 2 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 238 3 related relate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 238 4 anthropological anthropological JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 238 5 activities activity NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 238 6 such such JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 238 7 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 238 8 pig pig NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 238 9 movement movement NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 238 10 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 238 11 vaccination vaccination NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 238 12 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 238 13 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 238 14 most most RBS cord-024061-gxv8y146 238 15 likely likely JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 238 16 factors factor NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 238 17 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 238 18 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 238 19 continuous continuous JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 238 20 emergence emergence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 238 21 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 238 22 SI SI NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 238 23 novel novel NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 238 24 strains strain NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 238 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 238 26 6 6 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 238 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 238 28 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 239 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 239 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 239 3 integrating integrate VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 239 4 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 239 5 methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 239 6 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 239 7 influenza influenza NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 239 8 surveillance surveillance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 239 9 systems system NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 239 10 may may MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 239 11 reduce reduce VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 239 12 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 239 13 continuous continuous JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 239 14 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 239 15 implications implication NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 239 16 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 239 17 SI SI NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 239 18 viruses virus NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 239 19 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 239 20 both both DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 239 21 public public JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 239 22 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 239 23 animal animal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 239 24 health health NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 239 25 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 239 26 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 239 27 United United NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 239 28 States States NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 239 29 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 239 30 worldwide worldwide RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 239 31 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 240 1 Here here RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 240 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 240 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 240 4 chose choose VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 240 5 DTA DTA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 240 6 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 240 7 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 240 8 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 240 9 comparative comparative JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 240 10 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 240 11 analyses analysis NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 240 12 example example NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 240 13 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 240 14 due due IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 240 15 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 240 16 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 240 17 popularity popularity NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 240 18 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 240 19 ease ease NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 240 20 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 240 21 use use NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 240 22 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 240 23 interpretation interpretation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 240 24 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 240 25 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 240 26 computational computational JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 240 27 efficiency efficiency NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 240 28 when when WRB cord-024061-gxv8y146 240 29 compared compare VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 240 30 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 240 31 more more RBR cord-024061-gxv8y146 240 32 complex complex JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 240 33 similar similar JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 240 34 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 240 35 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 241 1 Hence hence RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 241 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 241 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 241 4 retrieved retrieve VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 241 5 HA HA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 241 6 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 241 7 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 241 8 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 241 9 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 241 10 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 241 11 human human NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 241 12 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 241 13 like like JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 241 14 H3 H3 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 241 15 SI SI NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 241 16 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 241 17 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 241 18 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 241 19 Research Research NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 241 20 Database Database NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 241 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 241 22 116 116 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 241 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 241 24 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 241 25 explore explore VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 241 26 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 241 27 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 241 28 history history NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 241 29 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 241 30 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 241 31 suggested suggest VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 241 32 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 241 33 pipeline pipeline NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 241 34 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 241 35 described describe VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 241 36 above above IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 241 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 241 38 Figure figure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 241 39 1 1 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 241 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 241 41 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 1 The the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 2 data datum NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 3 comprised comprise VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 4 352 352 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 5 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 6 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 7 complete complete JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 8 date date NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 9 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 10 geographical geographical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 11 information information NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 12 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 13 each each DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 14 gene gene NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 15 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 16 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 17 was be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 18 collected collect VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 19 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 20 17 17 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 21 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 22 states state NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 24 Arkansas Arkansas NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 25 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 26 Illinois Illinois NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 27 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 28 Indiana Indiana NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 29 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 30 Iowa Iowa NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 31 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 32 Kentucky Kentucky NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 33 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 34 Maryland Maryland NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 35 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 36 Michigan Michigan NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 37 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 38 Minnesota Minnesota NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 39 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 40 Missouri Missouri NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 41 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 42 North North NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 43 Carolina Carolina NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 44 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 45 Ohio Ohio NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 46 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 47 Oklahoma Oklahoma NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 48 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 49 Oregon Oregon NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 50 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 51 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 52 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 53 South South NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 54 Dakota Dakota NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 55 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 56 West West NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 57 Virginia Virginia NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 58 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 59 Wisconsin Wisconsin NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 60 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 61 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 62 January January NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 63 8 8 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 64 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 65 2015 2015 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 66 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 67 June June NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 68 1 1 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 69 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 70 2018 2018 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 242 71 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 243 1 The the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 243 2 sequence sequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 243 3 data datum NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 243 4 were be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 243 5 collected collect VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 243 6 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 243 7 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 243 8 swine swine NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 243 9 production production NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 243 10 systems system NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 243 11 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 243 12 exhibition exhibition NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 243 13 swine swine NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 243 14 agricultural agricultural JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 243 15 state state NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 243 16 fairs fair NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 243 17 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 243 18 part part NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 243 19 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 243 20 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 243 21 United United NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 243 22 States States NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 243 23 Department Department NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 243 24 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 243 25 Agriculture Agriculture NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 243 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 243 27 USDA USDA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 243 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 243 29 swine swine NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 243 30 influenza influenza NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 243 31 surveillance surveillance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 243 32 program program NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 243 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 243 34 40 40 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 243 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 243 36 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 243 37 was be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 243 38 partially partially RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 243 39 analyzed analyze VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 243 40 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 243 41 Walia Walia NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 243 42 et et NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 243 43 al al NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 243 44 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 244 1 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 244 2 classical classical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 244 3 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 244 4 methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 244 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 244 6 6 6 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 244 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 244 8 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 2 aligned align VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 3 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 4 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 5 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 6 both both DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 7 gene gene NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 8 segments segment NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 9 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 10 assessed assess VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 11 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 12 topological topological JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 14 in)congruence in)congruence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 15 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 16 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 17 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 18 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 19 performing perform VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 20 an an DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 21 ML ML NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 22 analysis analysis NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 23 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 24 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 25 individual individual JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 26 segments segment NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 27 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 28 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 29 GTR GTR NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 30 + + SYM cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 31 Ŵ ŵ CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 32 substitution substitution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 33 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 34 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 35 which which WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 36 entailed entail VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 37 10 10 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 38 through through IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 39 bootstrap bootstrap NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 40 searches search NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 41 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 42 100 100 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 43 ML ML NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 44 replicates replicate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 45 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 46 each each DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 47 run run NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 49 Supplementary Supplementary NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 50 Figure figure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 51 1 1 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 245 53 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 246 1 For for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 246 2 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 246 3 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 246 4 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 246 5 analyses analysis NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 246 6 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 246 7 we -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 246 8 removed remove VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 246 9 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 246 10 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 246 11 100 100 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 246 12 % % NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 246 13 identical identical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 246 14 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 246 15 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 246 16 which which WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 246 17 reduced reduce VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 246 18 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 246 19 dataset dataset NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 246 20 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 246 21 142 142 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 246 22 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 246 23 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 246 24 each each DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 246 25 gene gene NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 246 26 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 246 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 246 28 Supplementary Supplementary NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 246 29 Table Table NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 246 30 1 1 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 246 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 246 32 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 247 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 247 2 then then RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 247 3 evaluated evaluate VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 247 4 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 247 5 fit fit NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 247 6 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 247 7 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 247 8 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 247 9 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 247 10 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 247 11 most most RBS cord-024061-gxv8y146 247 12 realistic realistic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 247 13 substitution substitution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 247 14 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 247 15 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 247 16 partitioning partitioning NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 247 17 scheme scheme NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 247 18 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 247 19 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 247 20 BIC BIC NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 247 21 approach approach NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 247 22 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 248 1 Finally finally RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 248 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 248 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 248 4 evaluated evaluate VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 248 5 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 248 6 temporal temporal JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 248 7 signal signal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 248 8 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 248 9 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 248 10 sequence sequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 248 11 data datum NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 248 12 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 248 13 found find VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 248 14 that that IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 248 15 both both DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 248 16 segments segment NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 248 17 were be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 248 18 suitable suitable JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 248 19 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 248 20 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 248 21 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 248 22 molecular molecular JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 248 23 clock clock NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 248 24 analyses analysis NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 248 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 248 26 R r NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 248 27 2 2 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 248 28 = = SYM cord-024061-gxv8y146 248 29 0.65 0.65 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 248 30 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 248 31 0.40 0.40 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 248 32 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 248 33 HA HA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 248 34 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 248 35 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 248 36 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 248 37 respectively respectively RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 248 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 249 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 249 2 Supplementary Supplementary NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 249 3 Figure Figure NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 249 4 2 2 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 249 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 249 6 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 2 assessed assess VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 3 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 4 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 5 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 6 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 7 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 8 posterior posterior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 9 evolutionary evolutionary NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 10 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 11 human human NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 12 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 13 like like JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 14 H3 H3 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 15 SI SI NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 16 sequence sequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 17 data datum NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 18 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 19 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 20 choice choice NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 21 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 22 different different JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 23 gene gene NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 24 segments segment NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 26 i.e. i.e. FW cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 27 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 28 HA HA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 29 vs. vs. IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 30 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 32 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 33 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 34 priors prior NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 35 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 36 including include VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 37 substitution substitution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 38 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 39 discrete discrete JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 40 spatial spatial JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 41 trait trait NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 42 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 43 branch branch NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 44 rate rate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 45 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 46 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 47 node node NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 48 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 49 age age NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 50 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 51 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 52 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 53 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 54 Figure figure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 55 1 1 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 250 57 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 251 1 For for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 251 2 each each DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 251 3 gene gene NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 251 4 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 251 5 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 251 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 251 7 generated generate VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 251 8 16 16 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 251 9 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 251 10 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 251 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 251 12 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 251 13 total total NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 251 14 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 251 15 32 32 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 251 16 runs run NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 251 17 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 251 18 both both DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 251 19 segments segment NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 251 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 251 21 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 251 22 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 251 23 default default NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 251 24 none none NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 251 25 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 251 26 informative informative JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 251 27 priors prior NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 251 28 ' ' POS cord-024061-gxv8y146 251 29 combinations combination NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 251 30 implemented implement VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 251 31 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 251 32 BEAUTi BEAUTi NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 251 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 251 34 Figure figure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 251 35 1 1 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 251 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 251 37 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 1 These these DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 2 prior prior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 3 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 4 included include VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 5 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 7 1 1 LS cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 9 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 10 GTR GTR NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 11 + + CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 12 Ŵ ŵ NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 13 vs. vs. IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 14 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 15 HKY HKY NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 16 + + CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 17 Ŵ ŵ NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 18 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 19 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 20 site site NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 21 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 22 ; ; , cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 24 2 2 LS cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 26 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 27 symmetric symmetric JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 28 vs. vs. FW cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 29 asymmetric asymmetric JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 30 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 31 discrete discrete JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 32 spatial spatial JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 33 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 34 ; ; , cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 36 3 3 LS cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 38 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 39 UCLN UCLN NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 40 vs. vs. IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 41 UCED UCED NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 42 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 43 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 44 clock clock NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 45 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 46 ; ; : cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 47 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 49 4 4 LS cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 51 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 52 CP cp NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 53 vs. vs. FW cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 54 The the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 55 EG EG NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 56 vs. vs. FW cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 57 The the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 58 EGx egx NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 59 vs. vs. IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 60 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 61 SG SG NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 62 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 63 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 64 coalescent coalescent NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 65 tree tree NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 66 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 67 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 68 Figure figure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 69 1 1 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 70 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 252 71 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 253 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 253 2 excluded exclude VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 253 3 spatial spatial JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 253 4 traits trait NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 253 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 253 6 i.e. i.e. FW cord-024061-gxv8y146 253 7 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 253 8 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 253 9 states state NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 253 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 253 11 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 253 12 only only RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 253 13 one one CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 253 14 sequence sequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 253 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 253 16 Supplementary Supplementary NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 253 17 Table Table NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 253 18 2 2 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 253 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 253 20 leading lead VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 253 21 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 253 22 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 253 23 inclusion inclusion NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 253 24 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 253 25 10 10 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 253 26 states state NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 253 27 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 253 28 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 253 29 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 253 30 DTA DTA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 253 31 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 1 Also also RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 4 evaluated evaluate VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 5 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 6 fit fit NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 7 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 8 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 9 16 16 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 10 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 11 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 12 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 13 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 14 HA HA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 15 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 16 PB2 pb2 NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 17 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 18 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 19 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 20 BF BF NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 21 comparisons comparison NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 22 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 23 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 24 MLL MLL NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 25 estimated estimate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 26 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 27 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 28 PS PS NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 29 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 30 SS SS NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 31 simulator simulator NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 32 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 33 order order NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 34 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 35 select select VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 36 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 37 most most RBS cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 38 realistic realistic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 39 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 40 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 41 correctly correctly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 42 interpret interpret VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 43 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 44 posterior posterior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 45 inferences inference NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 254 46 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 255 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 255 2 then then RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 255 3 used use VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 255 4 two two CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 255 5 replicate replicate VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 255 6 MCMC MCMC NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 255 7 simulations simulation NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 255 8 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 255 9 150 150 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 255 10 million million CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 255 11 cycles cycle NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 255 12 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 255 13 sampled sample VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 255 14 every every DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 255 15 1,500th 1,500th CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 255 16 state state NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 255 17 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 255 18 each each DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 255 19 candidate candidate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 255 20 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 255 21 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 256 1 After after IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 256 2 assessing assess VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 256 3 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 256 4 proper proper JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 256 5 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 256 6 convergence convergence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 256 7 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 256 8 we -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 256 9 compared compare VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 256 10 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 256 11 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 256 12 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 256 13 demographics demographic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 256 14 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 256 15 each each DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 256 16 candidate candidate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 256 17 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 256 18 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 256 19 summarizing summarize VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 256 20 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 256 21 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 256 22 divergence divergence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 256 23 times time NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 256 24 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 256 25 substitution substitution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 256 26 rates rate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 256 27 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 256 28 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 256 29 TMRCAs tmrca NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 256 30 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 257 1 Besides besides RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 257 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 257 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 257 4 then then RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 257 5 generated generate VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 257 6 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 257 7 SG SG NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 257 8 plots plot NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 257 9 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 257 10 compare compare VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 257 11 relative relative JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 257 12 genetic genetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 257 13 diversity diversity NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 257 14 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 257 15 HA HA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 257 16 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 257 17 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 257 18 gene gene NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 257 19 segments segment NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 257 20 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 257 21 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 257 22 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 257 23 two two CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 257 24 different different JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 257 25 sites site NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 257 26 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 257 27 discrete discrete JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 257 28 spatial spatial JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 257 29 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 257 30 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 258 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 258 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 258 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 258 4 compared compare VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 258 5 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 258 6 phylogeographic phylogeographic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 258 7 inferences inference NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 258 8 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 258 9 each each DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 258 10 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 258 11 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 258 12 generating generate VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 258 13 MCC MCC NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 258 14 trees tree NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 258 15 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 258 16 summarizing summarize VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 258 17 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 258 18 RSPPs rspp NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 258 19 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 258 20 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 258 21 states state NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 258 22 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 258 23 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 258 24 plotting plot VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 258 25 them -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 258 26 at at IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 258 27 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 258 28 internal internal JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 258 29 nodes node NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 258 30 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 258 31 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 258 32 corresponding correspond VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 258 33 trees tree NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 258 34 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 259 1 Finally finally RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 259 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 259 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 259 4 selected select VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 259 5 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 259 6 plotted plot VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 259 7 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 259 8 statistically statistically RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 259 9 significant significant JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 259 10 dispersal dispersal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 259 11 routes route NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 259 12 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 259 13 states state NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 259 14 under under IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 259 15 each each DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 259 16 candidate candidate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 259 17 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 259 18 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 259 19 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 259 20 cutoff cutoff NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 259 21 BSSVS BSSVS NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 259 22 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 259 23 BF BF NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 259 24 ≥ ≥ NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 259 25 10 10 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 259 26 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 1 The the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 2 BIC BIC NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 3 values value NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 4 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 5 described describe VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 6 above above RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 7 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 8 indicated indicate VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 9 that that IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 10 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 11 HKY HKY NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 12 + + CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 13 Ŵ ŵ CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 14 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 15 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 16 best good JJS cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 17 fitting fitting JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 18 substitution substitution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 19 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 20 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 21 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 22 HA HA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 23 gene gene NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 24 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 26 BIC BIC NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 27 = = SYM cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 28 13,399 13,399 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 30 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 31 while while IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 32 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 33 GTR GTR NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 34 + + CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 35 Ŵ Ŵ NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 36 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 37 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 38 best good JJS cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 39 fitting fitting JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 40 substitution substitution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 41 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 42 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 43 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 44 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 45 gene gene NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 46 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 48 BIC BIC NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 49 = = SYM cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 50 20,029 20,029 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 260 52 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 1 In in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 2 addition addition NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 3 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 4 results result NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 5 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 6 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 7 BF BF NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 8 values value NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 10 ≥5 ≥5 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 12 indicates indicate VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 13 that that IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 14 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 15 best well RBS cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 16 fitting fitting JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 17 branch branch NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 18 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 19 rate rate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 20 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 21 node node NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 22 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 23 age age NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 24 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 25 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 26 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 27 sequence sequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 28 data datum NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 29 were be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 30 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 31 SG SG NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 32 + + CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 33 UCLN UCLN NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 34 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 35 HA HA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 36 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 37 SG SG NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 38 + + CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 39 UCED UCED NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 40 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 41 PB2 pb2 NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 42 segments segment NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 44 Supplementary Supplementary NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 45 Tables Tables NNPS cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 46 3 3 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 47 - - SYM cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 48 6 6 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 261 50 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 262 1 However however RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 262 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 262 3 there there EX cord-024061-gxv8y146 262 4 were be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 262 5 no no DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 262 6 significant significant JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 262 7 changes change NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 262 8 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 262 9 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 262 10 posterior posterior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 262 11 demographic demographic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 262 12 inferences inference NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 262 13 when when WRB cord-024061-gxv8y146 262 14 choosing choose VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 262 15 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 262 16 opposite opposite JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 262 17 substitution substitution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 262 18 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 262 19 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 262 20 both both DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 262 21 gene gene NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 262 22 segments segment NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 262 23 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 263 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 263 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 263 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 263 4 results result NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 263 5 indicate indicate VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 263 6 that that IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 263 7 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 263 8 choice choice NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 263 9 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 263 10 discrete discrete JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 263 11 spatial spatial JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 263 12 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 263 13 node node NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 263 14 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 263 15 age age NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 263 16 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 263 17 does do VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 263 18 not not RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 263 19 substantially substantially RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 263 20 change change VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 263 21 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 263 22 estimated estimate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 263 23 divergence divergence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 263 24 times time NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 263 25 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 263 26 substitution substitution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 263 27 rates rate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 263 28 / / SYM cord-024061-gxv8y146 263 29 site site NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 263 30 / / SYM cord-024061-gxv8y146 263 31 year year NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 263 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 263 33 Figure figure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 263 34 2 2 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 263 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 263 36 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 263 37 each each DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 263 38 gene gene NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 263 39 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 263 40 alone alone RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 263 41 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 264 1 Additionally additionally RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 264 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 264 3 these these DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 264 4 estimates estimate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 264 5 were be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 264 6 also also RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 264 7 not not RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 264 8 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 264 9 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 264 10 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 264 11 choice choice NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 264 12 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 264 13 branch branch NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 264 14 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 264 15 rate rate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 264 16 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 264 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 264 18 i.e. i.e. FW cord-024061-gxv8y146 264 19 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 264 20 UCED UCED NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 264 21 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 264 22 UCLN UCLN NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 264 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 264 24 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 1 However however RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 3 when when WRB cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 4 comparing compare VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 5 divergence divergence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 6 times time NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 7 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 8 segments segment NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 9 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 10 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 11 results result NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 12 indicate indicate VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 13 substantial substantial JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 14 differences difference NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 15 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 16 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 17 magnitude magnitude NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 18 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 19 ∼8 ∼8 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 20 years year NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 21 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 22 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 23 which which WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 24 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 25 divergence divergence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 26 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 27 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 28 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 29 HA HA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 30 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 31 was be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 32 around around RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 33 2013 2013 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 35 Figure figure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 36 2A 2a CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 38 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 39 while while IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 40 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 41 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 42 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 43 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 44 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 45 it -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 46 was be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 47 around around RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 265 48 2005 2005 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 266 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 266 2 Figure figure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 266 3 2C 2c NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 266 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 266 5 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 1 No no DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 2 differences difference NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 3 were be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 4 observed observe VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 5 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 6 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 7 substitution substitution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 8 rates rate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 9 / / SYM cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 10 site site NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 11 / / SYM cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 12 year year NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 13 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 14 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 15 two two CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 16 gene gene NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 17 segments segment NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 18 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 19 which which WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 20 were be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 21 ranging range VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 22 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 23 3.3 3.3 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 24 × × NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 25 10 10 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 26 −3 −3 NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 28 95 95 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 29 % % NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 30 HPD HPD NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 31 ; ; : cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 32 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 33 2.8 2.8 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 34 × × NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 35 10 10 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 36 −3 −3 NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 37 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 38 3.9 3.9 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 39 × × NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 40 10 10 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 41 −3 −3 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 43 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 44 2.9 2.9 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 45 × × NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 46 10 10 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 47 −3 −3 NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 49 95 95 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 50 % % NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 51 HPD HPD NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 52 ; ; : cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 53 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 54 2.2 2.2 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 55 × × CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 56 10 10 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 57 −3 −3 NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 58 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 59 3.8 3.8 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 60 × × NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 61 10 10 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 62 −3 −3 NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 63 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 64 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 65 HA HA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 66 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 67 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 68 segments segment NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 69 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 70 respectively respectively RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 71 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 72 Figures figure NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 73 2B 2b CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 74 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 75 D D NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 76 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 267 77 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 268 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 268 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 268 3 posterior posterior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 268 4 estimates estimate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 268 5 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 268 6 TMRCAs tmrca NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 268 7 were be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 268 8 not not RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 268 9 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 268 10 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 268 11 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 268 12 choice choice NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 268 13 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 268 14 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 268 15 priors prior NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 268 16 but but CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 268 17 were be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 268 18 different different JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 268 19 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 268 20 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 268 21 two two CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 268 22 gene gene NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 268 23 segments segment NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 268 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 268 25 Figure figure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 268 26 3 3 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 268 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 268 28 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 1 Hence hence RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 3 based base VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 4 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 5 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 6 HA HA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 7 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 8 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 9 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 10 results result NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 11 hint hint VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 12 that that IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 13 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 14 oldest old JJS cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 15 humanlike humanlike JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 16 H3 H3 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 17 strains strain NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 18 emerged emerge VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 19 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 20 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 21 state state NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 22 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 23 Minnesota Minnesota NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 24 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 25 mid-2013 mid-2013 NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 27 Figures figure NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 28 3A 3a NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 29 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 30 B B NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 32 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 33 but but CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 34 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 35 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 36 notable notable JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 37 overlap overlap NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 38 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 39 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 40 95 95 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 41 % % NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 42 HPD HPD NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 43 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 44 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 45 TMRCAs tmrca NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 46 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 47 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 48 other other JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 49 states state NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 51 excluding exclude VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 52 Maryland Maryland NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 269 54 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 270 1 However however RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 270 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 270 3 results result NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 270 4 distinctly distinctly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 270 5 suggest suggest VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 270 6 that that IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 270 7 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 270 8 youngest young JJS cord-024061-gxv8y146 270 9 strains strain NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 270 10 emerged emerge VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 270 11 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 270 12 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 270 13 state state NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 270 14 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 270 15 Maryland Maryland NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 270 16 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 270 17 early early JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 270 18 2017 2017 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 270 19 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 271 1 Results result NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 271 2 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 271 3 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 271 4 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 271 5 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 271 6 were be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 271 7 inconclusive inconclusive JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 271 8 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 271 9 terms term NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 271 10 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 271 11 determining determine VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 271 12 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 271 13 oldest old JJS cord-024061-gxv8y146 271 14 strains strain NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 271 15 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 271 16 but but CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 271 17 identical identical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 271 18 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 271 19 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 271 20 HA HA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 271 21 gene gene NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 271 22 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 271 23 identifying identify VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 271 24 Maryland Maryland NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 271 25 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 271 26 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 271 27 state state NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 271 28 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 271 29 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 271 30 youngest young JJS cord-024061-gxv8y146 271 31 viral viral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 271 32 strains strain NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 271 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 271 34 Figures figure NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 271 35 3C 3c NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 271 36 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 271 37 D D NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 271 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 271 39 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 272 1 Also also RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 272 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 272 3 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 272 4 choice choice NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 272 5 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 272 6 spatial spatial JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 272 7 trait trait NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 272 8 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 272 9 did do VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 272 10 not not RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 272 11 affect affect VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 272 12 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 272 13 estimates estimate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 272 14 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 272 15 genetic genetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 272 16 diversity diversity NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 272 17 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 272 18 both both DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 272 19 HA HA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 272 20 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 272 21 PB2 pb2 NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 272 22 segments segment NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 272 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 272 24 Figure figure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 272 25 4 4 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 272 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 272 27 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 2 SG SG NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 3 plots plot NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 4 inferred infer VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 5 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 6 variations variation NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 7 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 8 terms term NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 9 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 10 increases increase NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 11 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 12 decreases decrease NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 13 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 14 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 15 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 16 genetic genetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 17 diversity diversity NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 18 through through IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 19 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 20 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 21 HA HA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 22 segments segment NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 24 Figures figure NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 25 4A 4a CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 26 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 27 B B NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 29 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 30 while while IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 31 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 32 genetic genetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 33 diversity diversity NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 34 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 35 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 36 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 37 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 38 gene gene NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 39 slightly slightly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 40 declined decline VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 41 after after IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 42 2015 2015 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 44 Figures figure NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 45 4C 4c CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 46 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 47 D D NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 273 49 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 274 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 274 2 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 274 3 phylogeographic phylogeographic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 274 4 posteriors posterior NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 274 5 did do VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 274 6 not not RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 274 7 show show VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 274 8 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 274 9 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 274 10 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 274 11 selection selection NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 274 12 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 274 13 substitution substitution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 274 14 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 274 15 molecular molecular JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 274 16 clock clock NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 274 17 priors prior NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 274 18 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 275 1 However however RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 275 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 275 3 substantial substantial JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 275 4 differences difference NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 275 5 were be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 275 6 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 275 7 when when WRB cord-024061-gxv8y146 275 8 selecting select VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 275 9 different different JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 275 10 node node NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 275 11 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 275 12 age age NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 275 13 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 275 14 discrete discrete JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 275 15 spatial spatial JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 275 16 trait trait NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 275 17 priors prior NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 275 18 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 1 Inferences inference NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 2 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 3 both both CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 4 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 5 CP cp NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 6 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 7 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 8 EX ex NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 9 node node NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 10 age age NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 11 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 12 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 13 asymmetric asymmetric JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 14 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 15 implicated implicate VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 16 Missouri Missouri NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 17 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 18 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 19 most most RBS cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 20 likely likely JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 21 ancestral ancestral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 22 state state NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 23 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 24 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 25 human human NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 26 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 27 like like JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 28 H3 H3 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 29 virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 30 currently currently RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 31 circulating circulate VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 32 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 33 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 34 United United NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 35 States States NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 36 when when WRB cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 37 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 38 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 39 HA HA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 40 gene gene NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 41 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 43 Figures figure NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 44 5A 5a NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 45 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 46 B b NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 276 48 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 277 1 However however RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 277 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 277 3 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 277 4 EGx EGx NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 277 5 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 277 6 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 277 7 SG SG NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 277 8 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 277 9 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 277 10 asymmetric asymmetric JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 277 11 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 277 12 Illinois Illinois NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 277 13 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 277 14 Minnesota Minnesota NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 277 15 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 277 16 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 277 17 most most RBS cord-024061-gxv8y146 277 18 likely likely JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 277 19 ancestral ancestral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 277 20 states state NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 277 21 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 277 22 respectively respectively RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 277 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 277 24 Figures figure NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 277 25 5C 5c CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 277 26 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 277 27 D D NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 277 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 277 29 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 278 1 Yet yet RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 278 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 278 3 when when WRB cord-024061-gxv8y146 278 4 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 278 5 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 278 6 HA HA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 278 7 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 278 8 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 278 9 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 278 10 symmetric symmetric JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 278 11 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 278 12 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 278 13 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 278 14 CP cp NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 278 15 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 278 16 EG EG NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 278 17 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 278 18 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 278 19 EGx egx NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 278 20 priors prior NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 278 21 consistently consistently RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 278 22 implicated implicate VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 278 23 Minnesota Minnesota NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 278 24 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 278 25 approximately approximately RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 278 26 similar similar JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 278 27 estimates estimate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 278 28 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 278 29 RSPPs rspp NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 279 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 279 2 Figures figure NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 279 3 5E 5e NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 279 4 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 279 5 G G NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 279 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 279 7 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 280 1 In in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 280 2 contrast contrast NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 280 3 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 280 4 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 280 5 use use NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 280 6 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 280 7 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 280 8 symmetric symmetric JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 280 9 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 280 10 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 280 11 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 280 12 SG SG NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 280 13 prior prior RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 280 14 implicated implicate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 280 15 Iowa Iowa NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 280 16 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 280 17 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 280 18 ancestral ancestral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 280 19 location location NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 280 20 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 280 21 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 280 22 currently currently RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 280 23 circulating circulate VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 280 24 human human JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 280 25 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 280 26 like like JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 280 27 H3 H3 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 280 28 strains strain NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 280 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 280 30 RSPP RSPP NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 280 31 = = SYM cord-024061-gxv8y146 280 32 0.36 0.36 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 280 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 280 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 280 35 Figure figure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 280 36 5H 5h NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 280 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 280 38 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 281 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 281 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 281 3 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 281 4 HA HA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 281 5 sequence sequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 281 6 data datum NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 281 7 uniquely uniquely RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 281 8 favored favor VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 281 9 this this DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 281 10 prior prior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 281 11 combination combination NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 281 12 when when WRB cord-024061-gxv8y146 281 13 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 281 14 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 281 15 BF BF NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 281 16 comparisons comparison NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 281 17 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 281 18 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 281 19 best good JJS cord-024061-gxv8y146 281 20 fitting fitting JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 281 21 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 281 22 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 281 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 281 24 Supplementary Supplementary NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 281 25 Tables Tables NNPS cord-024061-gxv8y146 281 26 3 3 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 281 27 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 281 28 4 4 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 281 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 281 30 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 282 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 282 2 BF bf NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 282 3 values value NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 282 4 suggested suggest VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 282 5 that that IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 282 6 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 282 7 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 282 8 sequence sequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 282 9 data datum NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 282 10 favored favor VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 282 11 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 282 12 asymmetric asymmetric JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 282 13 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 282 14 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 282 15 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 282 16 SG SG NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 282 17 prior prior RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 282 18 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 282 19 but but CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 282 20 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 282 21 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 282 22 very very RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 282 23 slight slight JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 282 24 edge edge NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 282 25 over over IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 282 26 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 282 27 symmetric symmetric JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 282 28 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 282 29 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 282 30 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 282 31 same same JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 282 32 coalescent coalescent NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 282 33 prior prior RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 282 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 282 35 Supplementary Supplementary NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 282 36 Tables Tables NNPS cord-024061-gxv8y146 282 37 5 5 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 282 38 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 282 39 6 6 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 282 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 282 41 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 283 1 RSPPs rspp NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 283 2 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 283 3 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 283 4 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 283 5 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 283 6 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 283 7 were be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 283 8 almost almost RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 283 9 equal equal JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 283 10 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 283 11 all all DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 283 12 states state NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 283 13 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 283 14 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 283 15 hence hence RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 283 16 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 283 17 were be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 283 18 inconclusive inconclusive JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 283 19 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 283 20 when when WRB cord-024061-gxv8y146 283 21 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 283 22 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 283 23 asymmetric asymmetric JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 283 24 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 283 25 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 283 26 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 283 27 four four CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 283 28 coalescent coalescent NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 283 29 priors prior NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 283 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 283 31 Figures figure NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 283 32 6A 6A NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 283 33 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 283 34 D D NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 283 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 283 36 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 284 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 284 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 284 3 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 284 4 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 284 5 symmetric symmetric JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 284 6 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 284 7 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 284 8 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 284 9 four four CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 284 10 coalescent coalescent NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 284 11 priors prior NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 284 12 was be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 284 13 inconclusive inconclusive JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 284 14 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 284 15 terms term NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 284 16 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 284 17 identifying identify VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 284 18 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 284 19 ancestral ancestral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 284 20 location location NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 284 21 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 284 22 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 284 23 currently currently RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 284 24 circulating circulate VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 284 25 viral viral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 284 26 strains strain NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 284 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 284 28 Figures figure NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 284 29 6E 6E NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 284 30 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 284 31 H H NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 284 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 284 33 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 285 1 More more RBR cord-024061-gxv8y146 285 2 specifically specifically RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 285 3 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 285 4 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 285 5 magnitude magnitude NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 285 6 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 285 7 differences difference NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 285 8 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 285 9 Minnesota Minnesota NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 285 10 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 285 11 Missouri Missouri NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 285 12 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 285 13 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 285 14 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 285 15 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 285 16 RSPPs rspp NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 285 17 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 285 18 across across IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 285 19 different different JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 285 20 coalescent coalescent NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 285 21 priors prior NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 285 22 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 285 23 was be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 285 24 substantially substantially RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 285 25 small small JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 285 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 285 27 Figures figure NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 285 28 6E 6E NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 285 29 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 285 30 H H NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 285 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 285 32 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 286 1 For for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 286 2 example example NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 286 3 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 286 4 when when WRB cord-024061-gxv8y146 286 5 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 286 6 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 286 7 SG SG NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 286 8 prior prior RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 286 9 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 286 10 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 286 11 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 286 12 RSPPs rspp NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 286 13 were be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 286 14 0.18 0.18 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 286 15 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 286 16 0.22 0.22 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 286 17 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 286 18 Missouri Missouri NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 286 19 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 286 20 Minnesota Minnesota NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 286 21 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 286 22 respectively respectively RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 286 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 286 24 Figure figure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 286 25 6H 6h CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 286 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 286 27 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 2 BF bf NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 3 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 4 BSSVS bssvs NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 5 analyses analysis NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 6 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 7 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 8 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 9 asymmetric asymmetric JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 10 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 11 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 12 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 13 CP cp NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 14 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 15 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 16 EX ex NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 17 coalescent coalescent NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 18 priors prior NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 19 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 20 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 21 HA HA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 22 gene gene NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 23 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 24 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 25 suggest suggest VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 26 that that IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 27 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 28 top top JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 29 three three CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 30 most most RBS cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 31 significant significant JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 32 unidirectional unidirectional JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 33 routes route NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 34 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 35 viral viral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 36 dispersal dispersal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 38 BF BF NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 39 > > XX cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 40 18 18 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 42 were be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 43 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 44 Minnesota Minnesota NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 45 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 46 Iowa Iowa NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 47 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 48 Illinois Illinois NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 49 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 50 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 51 Missouri Missouri NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 52 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 53 Figures figure NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 54 7A 7a NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 55 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 56 B b NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 57 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 287 58 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 288 1 The the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 288 2 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 288 3 routes route NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 288 4 maintained maintain VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 288 5 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 288 6 unidirectionality unidirectionality NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 288 7 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 288 8 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 288 9 origin origin NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 288 10 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 288 11 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 288 12 destination destination JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 288 13 geographical geographical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 288 14 locations location NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 288 15 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 288 16 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 288 17 CP CP NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 288 18 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 288 19 EX EX NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 288 20 priors prior NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 288 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 288 22 Figures figure NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 288 23 7A 7a NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 288 24 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 288 25 B b NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 288 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 288 27 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 289 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 289 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 289 3 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 289 4 order order NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 289 5 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 289 6 statistical statistical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 289 7 significance significance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 289 8 suggests suggest VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 289 9 that that IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 289 10 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 289 11 route route NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 289 12 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 289 13 Iowa Iowa NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 289 14 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 289 15 Minnesota Minnesota NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 289 16 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 289 17 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 289 18 most most RBS cord-024061-gxv8y146 289 19 important important JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 289 20 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 289 21 viral viral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 289 22 dispersal dispersal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 289 23 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 289 24 states state NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 289 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 289 26 Figures figure NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 289 27 7A 7a NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 289 28 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 289 29 B b NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 289 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 289 31 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 290 1 In in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 290 2 contrast contrast NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 290 3 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 290 4 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 290 5 EXg EXg NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 290 6 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 290 7 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 290 8 asymmetric asymmetric JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 290 9 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 290 10 suggests suggest VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 290 11 that that IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 290 12 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 290 13 route route NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 290 14 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 290 15 Ohia Ohia NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 290 16 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 290 17 Indiana Indiana NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 290 18 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 290 19 substantially substantially RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 290 20 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 290 21 most most RBS cord-024061-gxv8y146 290 22 significant significant JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 290 23 dispersal dispersal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 290 24 route route NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 290 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 290 26 BSSVS BSSVS NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 290 27 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 290 28 BF bf NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 290 29 = = SYM cord-024061-gxv8y146 290 30 1,157 1,157 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 290 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 290 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 290 33 Figure Figure NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 290 34 7C 7C NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 290 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 290 36 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 3 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 4 SG SG NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 5 prior prior RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 6 agrees agree VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 7 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 8 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 9 results result NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 10 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 11 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 12 CP CP NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 13 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 14 EX EX NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 15 priors prior NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 16 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 17 inferring infer VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 18 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 19 route route NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 20 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 21 Iowa Iowa NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 22 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 23 Minnesota Minnesota NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 24 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 25 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 26 most most RBS cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 27 significant significant JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 29 BSSVS BSSVS NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 30 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 31 BF bf NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 32 = = SYM cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 33 37 37 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 36 Figure Figure NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 37 7D 7D NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 39 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 40 while while IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 41 inferences inference NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 42 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 43 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 44 symmetric symmetric JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 45 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 46 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 47 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 48 four four CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 49 coalescent coalescent NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 50 priors prior NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 51 consistently consistently RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 52 agreed agree VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 53 that that IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 54 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 55 top top JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 56 most most RBS cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 57 significant significant JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 58 bidirectional bidirectional JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 59 route route NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 60 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 61 viral viral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 62 dispersal dispersal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 63 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 64 BF BF NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 65 ≥ ≥ NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 66 990 990 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 67 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 68 was be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 69 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 70 Indiana Indiana NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 71 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 291 72 Ohio Ohio NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 292 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 292 2 Figures figure NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 292 3 7E 7E NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 292 4 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 292 5 H H NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 292 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 292 7 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 293 1 However however RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 293 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 293 3 disagreements disagreement NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 293 4 were be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 293 5 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 293 6 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 293 7 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 293 8 second second JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 293 9 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 293 10 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 293 11 third third JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 293 12 most most RBS cord-024061-gxv8y146 293 13 significant significant JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 293 14 routes route NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 293 15 when when WRB cord-024061-gxv8y146 293 16 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 293 17 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 293 18 CP CP NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 293 19 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 293 20 EX EX NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 293 21 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 293 22 one one CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 293 23 side side NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 293 24 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 293 25 EXg exg NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 293 26 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 293 27 SG SG NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 293 28 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 293 29 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 293 30 other other JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 293 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 293 32 Figure figure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 293 33 7H 7h CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 293 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 293 35 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 294 1 Dispersal dispersal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 294 2 routes route NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 294 3 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 294 4 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 294 5 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 294 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 294 7 including include VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 294 8 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 294 9 order order NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 294 10 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 294 11 significance significance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 294 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 294 13 were be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 294 14 also also RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 294 15 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 294 16 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 294 17 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 294 18 selected select VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 294 19 discrete discrete JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 294 20 spatial spatial JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 294 21 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 294 22 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 294 23 slightly slightly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 294 24 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 294 25 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 294 26 coalescent coalescent JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 294 27 priors prior NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 294 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 294 29 Figure figure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 294 30 8) 8) NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 294 31 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 295 1 Thus thus RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 295 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 295 3 when when WRB cord-024061-gxv8y146 295 4 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 295 5 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 295 6 asymmetric asymmetric JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 295 7 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 295 8 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 295 9 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 295 10 top top JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 295 11 two two CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 295 12 unidirectional unidirectional JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 295 13 routes route NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 295 14 included include VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 295 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 295 16 1 1 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 295 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 295 18 Iowa Iowa NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 295 19 → → SYM cord-024061-gxv8y146 295 20 Minnesota Minnesota NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 295 21 ; ; : cord-024061-gxv8y146 295 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 295 23 2 2 LS cord-024061-gxv8y146 295 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 295 25 Indiana Indiana NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 295 26 → → SYM cord-024061-gxv8y146 295 27 Kentucky Kentucky NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 295 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 295 29 Figures figure NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 295 30 8A 8a NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 295 31 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 295 32 D D NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 295 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 295 34 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 1 While while IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 2 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 3 CP cp NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 4 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 5 EX EX NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 6 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 7 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 8 EXg EXg NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 9 inferred infer VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 10 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 11 route route NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 12 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 13 Illinois Illinois NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 14 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 15 Missouri Missouri NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 16 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 17 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 18 third third JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 19 most most RBS cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 20 significant significant JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 21 route route NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 23 Figures figure NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 24 8A 8a NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 25 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 26 C C NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 28 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 29 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 30 SG SG NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 31 prior prior RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 32 inferred infer VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 33 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 34 route route NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 35 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 36 Ohio Ohio NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 37 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 38 Indiana Indiana NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 39 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 40 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 41 third third JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 42 most most RBS cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 43 significant significant JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 44 route route NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 46 Figure figure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 47 8D 8d NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 296 49 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 297 1 Finally finally RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 297 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 297 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 297 4 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 297 5 top top JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 297 6 three three CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 297 7 significant significant JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 297 8 dispersal dispersal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 297 9 routes route NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 297 10 were be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 297 11 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 297 12 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 297 13 symmetric symmetric JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 297 14 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 297 15 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 297 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 297 17 1 1 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 297 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 297 19 Indiana Indiana NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 297 20 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 297 21 Ohio Ohio NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 297 22 ; ; : cord-024061-gxv8y146 297 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 297 24 2 2 LS cord-024061-gxv8y146 297 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 297 26 Minnesota Minnesota NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 297 27 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 297 28 Iowa Iowa NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 297 29 ; ; : cord-024061-gxv8y146 297 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 297 31 3 3 LS cord-024061-gxv8y146 297 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 297 33 Indiana Indiana NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 297 34 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 297 35 Kentucky Kentucky NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 297 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 297 37 Figures figure NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 297 38 8E 8e VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 297 39 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 297 40 H H NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 297 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 297 42 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 298 1 In in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 298 2 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 298 3 past past JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 298 4 decade decade NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 298 5 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 298 6 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 298 7 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 298 8 pipeline pipeline NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 298 9 became become VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 298 10 wellestablished wellestablished JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 298 11 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 298 12 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 298 13 powerful powerful JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 298 14 potentials potential NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 298 15 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 298 16 trace trace VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 298 17 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 298 18 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 298 19 history history NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 298 20 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 298 21 both both DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 298 22 animal animal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 298 23 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 298 24 human human JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 298 25 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 298 26 making make VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 298 27 it -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 298 28 an an DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 298 29 ideal ideal JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 298 30 tool tool NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 298 31 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 298 32 designing design VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 298 33 new new JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 298 34 molecular molecular JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 298 35 surveillance surveillance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 298 36 systems system NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 298 37 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 299 1 In in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 299 2 this this DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 299 3 study study NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 299 4 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 299 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 299 6 revisited revisit VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 299 7 essential essential JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 299 8 concepts concept NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 299 9 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 299 10 definitions definition NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 299 11 within within IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 299 12 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 299 13 field field NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 299 14 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 299 15 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 299 16 methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 299 17 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 300 1 Also also RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 300 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 300 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 300 4 challenged challenge VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 300 5 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 300 6 robustness robustness NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 300 7 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 300 8 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 300 9 posterior posterior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 300 10 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 300 11 parameters parameter NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 300 12 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 300 13 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 300 14 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 300 15 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 300 16 commonly commonly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 300 17 used use VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 300 18 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 300 19 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 300 20 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 300 21 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 300 22 two two CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 300 23 gene gene NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 300 24 segments segment NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 300 25 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 300 26 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 300 27 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 300 28 currently currently RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 300 29 circulating circulate VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 300 30 human human NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 300 31 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 300 32 like like JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 300 33 H3 H3 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 300 34 SI SI NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 300 35 viruses virus NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 300 36 isolated isolate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 300 37 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 300 38 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 300 39 United United NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 300 40 States States NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 300 41 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 300 42 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 300 43 multiple multiple JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 300 44 priors prior NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 300 45 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 301 1 Subsequently subsequently RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 301 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 301 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 301 4 compared compare VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 301 5 similarities similarity NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 301 6 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 301 7 differences difference NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 301 8 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 301 9 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 301 10 posterior posterior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 301 11 parameters parameter NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 301 12 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 301 13 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 301 14 HA HA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 301 15 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 301 16 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 301 17 sequence sequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 301 18 data datum NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 301 19 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 301 20 multiple multiple JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 301 21 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 301 22 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 301 23 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 302 1 Hence hence RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 302 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 302 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 302 4 explored explore VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 302 5 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 302 6 robust robust JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 302 7 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 302 8 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 302 9 aspects aspect NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 302 10 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 302 11 SI SI NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 302 12 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 302 13 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 302 14 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 302 15 highlighted highlight VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 302 16 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 302 17 importance importance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 302 18 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 302 19 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 302 20 selection selection NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 302 21 within within IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 302 22 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 302 23 analytical analytical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 302 24 framework framework NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 302 25 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 303 1 However however RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 303 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 303 3 unlike unlike IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 303 4 classical classical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 303 5 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 303 6 methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 303 7 currently currently RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 303 8 implemented implement VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 303 9 within within IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 303 10 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 303 11 SI SI NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 303 12 surveillance surveillance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 303 13 system system NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 303 14 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 303 15 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 303 16 United United NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 303 17 States States NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 303 18 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 303 19 we -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 303 20 were be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 303 21 able able JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 303 22 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 303 23 reveal reveal VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 303 24 higher high JJR cord-024061-gxv8y146 303 25 resolution resolution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 303 26 insights insight NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 303 27 into into IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 303 28 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 303 29 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 303 30 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 303 31 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 303 32 human human NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 303 33 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 303 34 like like JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 303 35 H3 H3 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 303 36 viruses virus NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 303 37 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 303 38 quantifying quantify VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 303 39 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 303 40 demographic demographic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 303 41 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 303 42 phylogeographic phylogeographic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 303 43 history history NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 303 44 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 304 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 304 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 304 3 animal animal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 304 4 health health NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 304 5 researchers researcher NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 304 6 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 304 7 stakeholders stakeholder NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 304 8 need need VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 304 9 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 304 10 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 304 11 aware aware JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 304 12 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 304 13 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 304 14 method method NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 304 15 's 's POS cord-024061-gxv8y146 304 16 features feature NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 304 17 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 304 18 strengths strength NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 304 19 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 304 20 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 304 21 limitations limitation NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 304 22 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 304 23 generating generate VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 304 24 reliable reliable JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 304 25 inference inference NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 304 26 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 304 27 guide guide VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 304 28 future future JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 304 29 disease disease NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 304 30 intervention intervention NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 304 31 activities activity NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 304 32 properly properly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 304 33 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 305 1 Epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 305 2 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 305 3 Swine Swine NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 305 4 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 305 5 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 305 6 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 305 7 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 1 Based base VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 2 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 3 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 4 results result NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 5 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 6 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 7 best good JJS cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 8 fitting fitting JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 9 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 10 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 11 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 12 both both CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 13 HA HA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 14 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 15 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 16 segments segment NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 17 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 18 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 19 rates rate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 20 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 21 currently currently RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 22 circulating circulate VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 23 human human JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 24 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 25 like like JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 26 H3 H3 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 27 viruses virus NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 28 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 29 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 30 United United NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 31 States States NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 32 remain remain VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 33 high high JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 34 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 35 no no DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 36 apparent apparent JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 37 signs sign NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 38 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 39 substantial substantial JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 40 declines decline NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 42 Figures figure NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 43 2B 2b CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 44 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 45 D D NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 47 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 48 were be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 49 similar similar JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 50 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 51 what what WP cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 52 was be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 53 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 54 elsewhere elsewhere RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 55 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 56 117 117 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 57 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 306 58 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 3 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 4 relative relative JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 5 genetic genetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 6 diversity diversity NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 7 through through IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 8 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 9 did do VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 10 not not RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 11 decline decline VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 12 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 13 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 14 HA HA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 15 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 16 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 17 showed show VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 18 evidence evidence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 19 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 20 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 21 variation variation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 22 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 23 2014 2014 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 24 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 25 2018 2018 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 27 Figures figure NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 28 4A 4a CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 29 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 30 B B NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 32 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 33 while while IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 34 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 35 slight slight JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 36 decline decline NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 37 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 38 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 39 genetic genetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 40 diversity diversity NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 41 was be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 42 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 43 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 44 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 45 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 46 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 47 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 48 2015 2015 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 49 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 50 2018 2018 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 51 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 52 Figures figure NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 53 4C 4c CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 54 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 55 D D NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 307 57 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 1 These these DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 2 findings finding NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 3 suggest suggest VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 4 that that IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 5 currently currently RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 6 circulating circulate VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 7 human human JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 8 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 9 like like JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 10 H3 H3 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 11 viruses virus NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 12 will will MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 13 continue continue VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 14 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 15 activity activity NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 16 leading lead VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 17 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 18 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 19 generation generation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 20 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 21 novel novel JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 22 strains strain NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 23 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 24 which which WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 25 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 26 attributed attribute VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 27 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 28 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 29 frequent frequent JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 30 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 31 continuous continuous JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 32 exchange exchange NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 33 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 34 viruses virus NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 35 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 36 commercial commercial JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 37 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 38 exhibition exhibition NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 39 swine swine NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 40 operations operation NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 41 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 42 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 43 United United NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 44 States States NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 45 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 46 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 47 later later RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 48 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 49 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 50 epicenter epicenter NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 51 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 52 that that DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 53 exchange exchange NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 54 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 55 117 117 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 308 57 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 2 estimates estimate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 3 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 4 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 5 TMRCAs tmrca NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 6 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 7 HA HA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 8 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 9 slightly slightly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 10 agree agree VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 11 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 12 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 13 notion notion NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 14 that that IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 15 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 16 oldest old JJS cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 17 H3 H3 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 18 viruses virus NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 19 diverged diverge VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 20 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 21 earlier early JJR cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 22 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 23 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 24 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 25 state state NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 26 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 27 Minnesota Minnesota NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 28 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 29 which which WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 30 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 31 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 32 central central JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 33 region region NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 34 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 35 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 36 swine swine NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 37 industry industry NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 38 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 39 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 40 United United NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 41 States States NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 43 Figure Figure NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 44 3 3 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 309 46 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 1 However however RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 3 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 4 notable notable JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 5 overlap overlap NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 6 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 7 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 8 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 9 95 95 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 10 % % NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 11 HPDs hpd NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 12 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 13 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 14 TMRCAs tmrca NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 15 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 16 most most JJS cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 17 states state NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 19 Figure figure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 20 3B 3b CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 22 suggest suggest VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 23 that that IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 24 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 25 currently currently RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 26 circulating circulate VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 27 strains strain NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 28 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 29 shifting shift VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 30 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 31 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 32 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 33 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 34 terms term NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 35 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 36 re re NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 37 - - NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 38 emergence emergence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 39 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 40 dispersal dispersal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 41 when when WRB cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 42 compared compare VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 43 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 44 earlier early JJR cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 45 strains strain NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 310 46 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 311 1 Additionally additionally RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 311 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 311 3 both both DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 311 4 gene gene NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 311 5 segments segment NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 311 6 agree agree VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 311 7 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 311 8 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 311 9 assumption assumption NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 311 10 that that IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 311 11 H3 H3 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 311 12 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 311 13 were be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 311 14 recently recently RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 311 15 introduced introduce VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 311 16 into into IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 311 17 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 311 18 state state NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 311 19 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 311 20 Maryland Maryland NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 311 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 311 22 Figure Figure NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 311 23 3 3 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 311 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 311 25 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 312 1 The the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 312 2 state state NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 312 3 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 312 4 Minnesota Minnesota NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 312 5 was be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 312 6 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 312 7 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 312 8 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 312 9 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 312 10 ancestral ancestral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 312 11 location location NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 312 12 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 312 13 human human NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 312 14 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 312 15 like like JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 312 16 H3 H3 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 312 17 viruses virus NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 312 18 isolated isolate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 312 19 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 312 20 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 312 21 observed observe VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 312 22 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 312 23 2009 2009 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 312 24 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 312 25 2012 2012 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 312 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 312 27 118 118 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 312 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 312 29 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 312 30 which which WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 312 31 agrees agree VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 312 32 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 312 33 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 312 34 TMRCAs tmrca NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 312 35 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 312 36 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 312 37 HA HA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 312 38 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 312 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 312 40 Figure figure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 312 41 3 3 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 312 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 312 43 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 1 However however RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 3 results result NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 4 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 5 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 6 SG SG NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 7 + + CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 8 UCLN UCLN NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 9 symmetric symmetric JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 10 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 11 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 12 selected select VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 13 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 14 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 15 best good JJS cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 16 fitting fitting JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 17 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 18 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 19 HA HA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 20 sequence sequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 21 data datum NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 23 Supplementary Supplementary NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 24 Table Table NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 25 4 4 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 27 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 28 implicates implicate VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 29 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 30 state state NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 31 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 32 Iowa Iowa NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 33 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 34 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 35 ancestral ancestral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 36 region region NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 38 after after IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 39 2013 2013 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 41 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 42 currently currently RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 43 circulating circulate VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 44 human human NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 45 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 46 like like JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 47 H3 H3 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 48 viruses virus NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 49 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 50 followed follow VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 51 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 52 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 53 state state NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 54 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 55 Minnesota Minnesota NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 56 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 57 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 58 secondary secondary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 59 ancestral ancestral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 60 location location NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 61 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 62 Figure figure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 63 5H 5h NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 64 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 313 65 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 314 1 This this DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 314 2 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 314 3 not not RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 314 4 surprising surprising JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 314 5 since since IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 314 6 Iowa Iowa NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 314 7 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 314 8 Minnesota Minnesota NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 314 9 share share VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 314 10 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 314 11 most most RBS cord-024061-gxv8y146 314 12 prominent prominent JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 314 13 swine swine NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 314 14 production production NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 314 15 system system NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 314 16 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 314 17 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 314 18 United United NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 314 19 States States NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 314 20 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 314 21 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 314 22 highest high JJS cord-024061-gxv8y146 314 23 swine swine NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 314 24 density density NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 314 25 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 314 26 unrestricted unrestricted JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 314 27 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 314 28 intense intense JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 314 29 movement movement NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 314 30 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 314 31 animals animal NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 314 32 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 314 33 states state NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 314 34 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 315 1 Although although IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 315 2 Iowa Iowa NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 315 3 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 315 4 Minnesota Minnesota NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 315 5 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 315 6 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 315 7 original original JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 315 8 hotspots hotspot NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 315 9 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 315 10 H3 H3 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 315 11 viruses virus NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 315 12 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 315 13 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 315 14 BSSVS BSSVS NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 315 15 BF BF NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 315 16 results result NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 315 17 showed show VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 315 18 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 315 19 markedly markedly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 315 20 significant significant JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 315 21 viral viral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 315 22 dispersal dispersal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 315 23 route route NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 315 24 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 315 25 Indiana Indiana NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 315 26 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 315 27 Ohio Ohio NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 315 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 315 29 BF BF NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 315 30 = = SYM cord-024061-gxv8y146 315 31 990 990 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 315 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 315 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 315 34 Figure figure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 315 35 7H 7h CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 315 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 315 37 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 316 1 This this DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 316 2 suggests suggest VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 316 3 that that IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 316 4 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 316 5 H3 H3 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 316 6 viral viral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 316 7 gene gene NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 316 8 flow flow NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 316 9 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 316 10 Ohio Ohio NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 316 11 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 316 12 Indiana Indiana NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 316 13 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 316 14 inferred infer VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 316 15 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 316 16 2009 2009 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 316 17 - - SYM cord-024061-gxv8y146 316 18 2012 2012 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 316 19 viruses virus NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 316 20 remains remain VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 316 21 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 316 22 vital vital JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 316 23 migration migration NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 316 24 route route NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 316 25 since since IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 316 26 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 316 27 particularly particularly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 316 28 within within IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 316 29 exhibition exhibition NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 316 30 swine swine NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 316 31 populations population NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 316 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 316 33 117 117 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 316 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 316 35 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 317 1 Even even RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 317 2 though though IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 317 3 Illinois Illinois NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 317 4 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 317 5 Indiana Indiana NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 317 6 formulate formulate VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 317 7 one one CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 317 8 swine swine NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 317 9 production production NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 317 10 system system NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 317 11 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 317 12 there there EX cord-024061-gxv8y146 317 13 was be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 317 14 no no DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 317 15 significant significant JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 317 16 viral viral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 317 17 dispersal dispersal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 317 18 route route NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 317 19 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 317 20 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 317 21 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 317 22 states state NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 317 23 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 318 1 Despite despite IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 318 2 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 318 3 continuous continuous JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 318 4 nature nature NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 318 5 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 318 6 animal animal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 318 7 movement movement NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 318 8 within within IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 318 9 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 318 10 production production NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 318 11 system system NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 318 12 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 318 13 Minnesota Minnesota NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 318 14 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 318 15 Iowa Iowa NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 318 16 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 318 17 no no DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 318 18 significant significant JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 318 19 dispersal dispersal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 318 20 route route NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 318 21 was be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 318 22 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 318 23 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 318 24 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 318 25 two two CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 318 26 states state NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 318 27 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 318 28 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 318 29 HA HA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 318 30 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 318 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 318 32 Figure figure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 318 33 7H 7h CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 318 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 318 35 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 319 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 319 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 319 3 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 319 4 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 319 5 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 319 6 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 319 7 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 319 8 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 319 9 highly highly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 319 10 significant significant JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 319 11 dispersal dispersal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 319 12 route route NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 319 13 was be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 319 14 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 319 15 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 319 16 Iowa Iowa NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 319 17 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 319 18 Minnesota Minnesota NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 319 19 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 319 20 suggesting suggest VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 319 21 that that IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 319 22 Iowa Iowa NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 319 23 might may MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 319 24 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 319 25 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 319 26 new new JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 319 27 epicenter epicenter NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 319 28 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 319 29 virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 319 30 dispersal dispersal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 319 31 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 319 32 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 319 33 currently currently RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 319 34 circulating circulate VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 319 35 H3 H3 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 319 36 lineages lineage NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 319 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 319 38 Figure figure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 319 39 8D 8d NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 319 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 319 41 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 320 1 This this DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 320 2 result result NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 320 3 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 320 4 further further RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 320 5 supported support VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 320 6 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 320 7 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 320 8 significant significant JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 320 9 migration migration NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 320 10 route route NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 320 11 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 320 12 Iowa Iowa NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 320 13 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 320 14 one one CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 320 15 side side NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 320 16 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 320 17 Illinois Illinois NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 320 18 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 320 19 Ohio Ohio NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 320 20 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 320 21 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 320 22 other other JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 320 23 when when WRB cord-024061-gxv8y146 320 24 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 320 25 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 320 26 HA HA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 320 27 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 320 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 320 29 Figure figure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 320 30 7H 7h CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 320 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 320 32 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 321 1 Also also RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 321 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 321 3 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 321 4 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 321 5 dispersal dispersal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 321 6 route route NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 321 7 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 321 8 Iowa Iowa NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 321 9 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 321 10 Illinois Illinois NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 321 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 321 12 Figure Figure NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 321 13 7H 7h CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 321 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 321 15 may may MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 321 16 reflect reflect VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 321 17 interstate interstate JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 321 18 movements movement NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 321 19 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 321 20 exhibition exhibition NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 321 21 pigs pig NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 321 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 321 23 119 119 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 321 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 321 25 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 322 1 Hence hence RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 322 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 322 3 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 322 4 movements movement NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 322 5 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 322 6 exhibition exhibition NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 322 7 pigs pig NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 322 8 across across IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 322 9 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 322 10 United United NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 322 11 States States NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 322 12 possibly possibly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 322 13 led lead VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 322 14 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 322 15 expanding expand VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 322 16 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 322 17 spatial spatial JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 322 18 spread spread NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 322 19 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 322 20 H3 H3 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 322 21 viruses virus NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 322 22 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 322 23 states state NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 322 24 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 322 25 limited limited JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 322 26 swine swine NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 322 27 production production NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 322 28 systems system NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 322 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 322 30 117 117 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 322 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 322 32 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 1 Unlike unlike IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 2 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 3 HA HA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 4 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 5 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 6 RSPPs rspp NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 7 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 8 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 9 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 10 most most RBS cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 11 realistic realistic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 12 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 13 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 14 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 15 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 16 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 18 i.e. i.e. FW cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 19 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 20 asymmetric asymmetric JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 21 + + CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 22 SG sg NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 23 + + CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 24 UCED UCED NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 27 Supplementary Supplementary NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 28 Table Table NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 29 5 5 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 31 did do VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 32 not not RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 33 yield yield VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 34 conclusive conclusive JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 35 results result NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 36 about about IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 37 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 38 ancestral ancestral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 39 geographical geographical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 40 origin origin NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 41 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 42 human human NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 43 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 44 like like JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 45 H3 H3 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 46 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 47 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 48 United United NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 49 States States NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 51 Figure Figure NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 52 6D 6D NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 323 54 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 324 1 Instead instead RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 324 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 324 3 this this DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 324 4 result result NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 324 5 demonstrates demonstrate VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 324 6 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 324 7 homogenous homogenous JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 324 8 spatio spatio JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 324 9 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 324 10 temporal temporal JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 324 11 diffusion diffusion NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 324 12 process process NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 324 13 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 324 14 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 324 15 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 324 16 gene gene NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 324 17 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 324 18 states state NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 324 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 324 20 Figure Figure NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 324 21 6D 6D NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 324 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 324 23 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 324 24 suggesting suggest VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 324 25 that that IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 324 26 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 324 27 virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 324 28 has have VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 324 29 maintained maintain VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 324 30 an an DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 324 31 endemic endemic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 324 32 status status NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 324 33 across across IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 324 34 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 324 35 United United NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 324 36 States States NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 324 37 after after IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 324 38 2010 2010 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 324 39 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 325 1 Also also RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 325 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 325 3 results result NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 325 4 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 325 5 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 325 6 SG SG NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 325 7 plot plot NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 325 8 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 325 9 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 325 10 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 325 11 described describe VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 325 12 above above RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 325 13 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 325 14 showed show VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 325 15 an an DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 325 16 overall overall JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 325 17 stationarity stationarity NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 325 18 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 325 19 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 325 20 genetic genetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 325 21 diversity diversity NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 325 22 through through IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 325 23 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 325 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 325 25 despite despite IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 325 26 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 325 27 slight slight JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 325 28 early early JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 325 29 incline incline NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 325 30 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 325 31 later later RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 325 32 decline decline VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 325 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 326 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 326 2 Figure figure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 326 3 4C 4c CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 326 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 326 5 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 326 6 when when WRB cord-024061-gxv8y146 326 7 compared compare VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 326 8 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 326 9 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 326 10 HA HA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 326 11 gene gene NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 326 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 326 13 Figures figure NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 326 14 4A 4a CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 326 15 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 326 16 B B NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 326 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 326 18 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 326 19 supporting support VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 326 20 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 326 21 notion notion NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 326 22 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 326 23 endemic endemic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 326 24 status status NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 326 25 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 327 1 However however RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 327 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 327 3 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 327 4 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 327 5 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 327 6 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 327 7 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 327 8 we -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 327 9 inferred infer VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 327 10 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 327 11 notably notably RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 327 12 significant significant JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 327 13 dispersal dispersal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 327 14 route route NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 327 15 originating originate VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 327 16 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 327 17 Iowa Iowa NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 327 18 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 327 19 Minnesota Minnesota NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 328 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 328 2 BSSVS BSSVS NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 328 3 = = SYM cord-024061-gxv8y146 328 4 193 193 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 328 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 328 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 328 7 Figure figure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 328 8 8D 8d NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 328 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 328 10 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 328 11 reflecting reflect VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 328 12 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 328 13 well well RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 328 14 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 328 15 established establish VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 328 16 swine swine NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 328 17 transportation transportation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 328 18 route route NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 328 19 within within IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 328 20 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 328 21 production production NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 328 22 system system NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 328 23 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 328 24 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 328 25 described describe VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 328 26 above above RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 328 27 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 329 1 However however RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 329 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 329 3 this this DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 329 4 route route NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 329 5 was be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 329 6 not not RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 329 7 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 329 8 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 329 9 significant significant JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 329 10 when when WRB cord-024061-gxv8y146 329 11 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 329 12 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 329 13 best good JJS cord-024061-gxv8y146 329 14 fitting fitting JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 329 15 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 329 16 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 329 17 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 329 18 HA HA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 329 19 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 329 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 329 21 Figure figure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 329 22 7H 7h CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 329 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 329 24 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 1 These these DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 2 results result NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 3 may may MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 4 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 5 attributed attribute VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 6 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 7 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 8 fact fact NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 9 that that IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 10 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 11 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 12 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 13 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 14 moderately moderately RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 15 slower slow JJR cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 16 than than IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 17 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 18 HA HA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 19 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 21 Figure figure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 22 2 2 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 24 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 25 terms term NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 26 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 27 strength strength NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 28 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 29 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 30 temporal temporal JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 31 signal signal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 33 Supplementary Supplementary NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 34 Figure Figure NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 35 2 2 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 37 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 38 substitution substitution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 39 rate rate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 41 Figure figure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 42 2 2 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 44 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 45 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 46 age age NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 47 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 48 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 49 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 51 Figure figure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 52 3 3 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 330 54 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 331 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 331 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 331 3 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 331 4 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 331 5 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 331 6 maintained maintain VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 331 7 similar similar JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 331 8 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 331 9 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 331 10 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 331 11 earlier early JJR cord-024061-gxv8y146 331 12 strains strain NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 331 13 that that WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 331 14 emerged emerge VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 331 15 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 331 16 Minnesota Minnesota NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 331 17 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 331 18 dispersed disperse VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 331 19 into into IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 331 20 Iowa Iowa NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 331 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 331 22 120 120 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 331 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 331 24 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 332 1 Yet yet CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 332 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 332 3 both both CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 332 4 HA HA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 332 5 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 332 6 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 332 7 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 332 8 agree agree VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 332 9 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 332 10 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 332 11 importance importance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 332 12 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 332 13 Iowa Iowa NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 332 14 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 332 15 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 332 16 geographical geographical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 332 17 region region NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 332 18 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 332 19 dispersal dispersal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 332 20 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 332 21 currently currently RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 332 22 circulating circulate VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 332 23 H3 H3 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 332 24 lineages lineage NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 332 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 332 26 Figures figure NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 332 27 7H 7h CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 332 28 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 332 29 8D 8D NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 332 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 332 31 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 333 1 Additionally additionally RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 333 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 333 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 333 4 inferred infer VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 333 5 two two CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 333 6 significant significant JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 333 7 viral viral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 333 8 dispersal dispersal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 333 9 routes route NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 333 10 originating originate VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 333 11 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 333 12 Kentucky Kentucky NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 333 13 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 333 14 Indiana Indiana NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 333 15 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 333 16 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 333 17 Ohio Ohio NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 333 18 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 333 19 Indiana Indiana NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 333 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 333 21 Figure Figure NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 333 22 8D 8D NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 333 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 333 24 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 333 25 which which WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 333 26 further further RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 333 27 supports support VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 333 28 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 333 29 role role NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 333 30 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 333 31 exhibition exhibition NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 333 32 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 333 33 swine swine NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 333 34 movements movement NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 333 35 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 333 36 states state NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 333 37 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 333 38 maintaining maintain VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 333 39 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 333 40 spread spread NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 333 41 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 333 42 H3 H3 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 333 43 viruses virus NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 333 44 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 334 1 Both both DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 334 2 dispersal dispersal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 334 3 routes route NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 334 4 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 334 5 mainly mainly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 334 6 maintained maintain VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 334 7 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 334 8 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 334 9 annual annual JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 334 10 agricultural agricultural JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 334 11 fairs fair NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 334 12 where where WRB cord-024061-gxv8y146 334 13 exhibition exhibition NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 334 14 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 334 15 swine swine NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 334 16 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 334 17 humans human NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 334 18 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 334 19 these these DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 334 20 states state NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 334 21 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 334 22 frequently frequently RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 334 23 exposed expose VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 334 24 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 334 25 direct direct JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 334 26 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 334 27 indirect indirect JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 334 28 contacts contact NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 334 29 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 334 30 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 334 31 same same JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 334 32 infected infected JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 334 33 hosts host NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 334 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 334 35 121 121 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 334 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 334 37 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 335 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 335 2 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 335 3 worth worth JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 335 4 noting note VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 335 5 that that IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 335 6 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 335 7 route route NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 335 8 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 335 9 Kentucky Kentucky NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 335 10 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 335 11 Indiana Indiana NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 335 12 was be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 335 13 hypothesized hypothesize VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 335 14 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 335 15 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 335 16 important important JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 335 17 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 335 18 H3 H3 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 335 19 gene gene NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 335 20 flow flow NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 335 21 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 335 22 states state NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 335 23 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 335 24 but but CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 335 25 past past IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 335 26 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 335 27 analyses analysis NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 335 28 did do VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 335 29 not not RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 335 30 observe observe VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 335 31 it -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 335 32 due due IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 335 33 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 335 34 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 335 35 lack lack NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 335 36 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 335 37 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 335 38 samples sample NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 335 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 335 40 117 117 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 335 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 335 42 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 336 1 The the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 336 2 uneven uneven JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 336 3 sampling sampling NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 336 4 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 336 5 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 336 6 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 336 7 terms term NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 336 8 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 336 9 temporal temporal JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 336 10 depth depth NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 336 11 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 336 12 frequency frequency NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 336 13 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 336 14 associated associated JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 336 15 discrete discrete JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 336 16 traits trait NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 336 17 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 336 18 an an DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 336 19 inherent inherent JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 336 20 limitation limitation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 336 21 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 336 22 most most JJS cord-024061-gxv8y146 336 23 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 336 24 studies study NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 336 25 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 337 1 For for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 337 2 example example NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 337 3 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 337 4 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 337 5 inclusion inclusion NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 337 6 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 337 7 many many JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 337 8 recent recent JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 337 9 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 337 10 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 337 11 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 337 12 single single JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 337 13 geographical geographical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 337 14 location location NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 337 15 may may MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 337 16 lead lead VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 337 17 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 337 18 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 337 19 biased biased JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 337 20 bottleneck bottleneck NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 337 21 effect effect NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 337 22 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 337 23 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 337 24 shape shape NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 337 25 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 337 26 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 337 27 population population NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 337 28 size size NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 337 29 through through IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 337 30 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 337 31 when when WRB cord-024061-gxv8y146 337 32 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 337 33 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 337 34 coalescent coalescent JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 337 35 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 337 36 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 337 37 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 337 38 Skyline Skyline NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 337 39 family family NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 337 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 337 41 122 122 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 337 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 337 43 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 338 1 This this DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 338 2 issue issue NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 338 3 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 338 4 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 338 5 resolved resolve VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 338 6 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 338 7 designing design VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 338 8 studies study NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 338 9 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 338 10 uniform uniform JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 338 11 probability probability NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 338 12 sampling sampling NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 338 13 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 338 14 respect respect NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 338 15 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 338 16 space space NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 338 17 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 338 18 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 338 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 338 20 122 122 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 338 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 338 22 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 1 Further further RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 3 setting set VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 4 DTA DTA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 5 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 6 user user NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 7 friendly friendly JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 8 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 9 computationally computationally RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 10 more more RBR cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 11 efficient efficient JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 12 when when WRB cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 13 compared compare VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 14 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 15 more more RBR cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 16 complex complex JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 17 coalescent coalescent NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 18 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 19 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 20 but but CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 21 it -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 22 underlays underlay VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 23 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 24 few few JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 25 assumptions assumption NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 26 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 27 such such JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 28 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 29 that that IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 30 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 31 sequence sequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 32 sample sample NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 33 size size NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 34 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 35 proportional proportional JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 36 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 37 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 38 size size NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 39 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 40 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 41 selected select VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 42 discrete discrete JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 43 state state NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 45 26 26 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 339 47 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 340 1 Thus thus RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 340 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 340 3 including include VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 340 4 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 340 5 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 340 6 severely severely RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 340 7 undersampled undersampled JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 340 8 discrete discrete JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 340 9 traits trait NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 340 10 will will MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 340 11 tend tend VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 340 12 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 340 13 produce produce VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 340 14 unreliable unreliable JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 340 15 posterior posterior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 340 16 inferences inference NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 340 17 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 340 18 where where WRB cord-024061-gxv8y146 340 19 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 340 20 example example NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 340 21 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 340 22 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 340 23 RSPPs rspp NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 340 24 will will MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 340 25 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 340 26 skewed skewed JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 340 27 toward toward IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 340 28 oversampled oversample VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 340 29 areas area NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 340 30 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 341 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 341 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 341 3 undersampling undersampling NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 341 4 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 341 5 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 341 6 common common JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 341 7 problem problem NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 341 8 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 341 9 especially especially RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 341 10 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 341 11 passive passive JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 341 12 surveillance surveillance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 341 13 data datum NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 341 14 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 341 15 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 341 16 therefore therefore RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 341 17 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 341 18 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 341 19 use use NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 341 20 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 341 21 structural structural JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 341 22 coalescent coalescent NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 341 23 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 341 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 341 25 e.g. e.g. RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 341 26 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 341 27 BASTA BASTA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 341 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 341 29 might may MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 341 30 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 341 31 more more RBR cord-024061-gxv8y146 341 32 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 341 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 341 34 26 26 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 341 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 341 36 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 342 1 Despite despite IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 342 2 this this DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 342 3 inherited inherit VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 342 4 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 342 5 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 342 6 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 342 7 methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 342 8 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 342 9 uneven uneven JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 342 10 sampling sampling NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 342 11 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 342 12 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 342 13 posterior posterior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 342 14 inference inference NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 342 15 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 342 16 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 342 17 best good JJS cord-024061-gxv8y146 342 18 fitting fitting JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 342 19 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 342 20 showed show VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 342 21 remarkable remarkable JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 342 22 robustness robustness NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 342 23 toward toward IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 342 24 such such JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 342 25 limitation limitation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 342 26 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 343 1 Although although IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 343 2 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 343 3 largest large JJS cord-024061-gxv8y146 343 4 number number NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 343 5 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 343 6 collected collect VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 343 7 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 343 8 was be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 343 9 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 343 10 2017 2017 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 343 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 343 12 80 80 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 343 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 344 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 344 2 Supplementary Supplementary NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 344 3 Table Table NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 344 4 2 2 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 344 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 344 6 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 344 7 estimates estimate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 344 8 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 344 9 relative relative JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 344 10 genetic genetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 344 11 diversity diversity NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 344 12 through through IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 344 13 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 344 14 did do VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 344 15 not not RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 344 16 show show VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 344 17 any any DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 344 18 striking strike VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 344 19 jumps jump NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 344 20 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 344 21 that that DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 344 22 year year NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 344 23 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 344 24 both both CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 344 25 HA HA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 344 26 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 344 27 PB2 pb2 NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 344 28 segments segment NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 344 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 344 30 Figures figure NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 344 31 4B 4b NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 344 32 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 344 33 2D 2D NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 344 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 344 35 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 345 1 Additionally additionally RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 345 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 345 3 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 345 4 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 345 5 HA HA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 345 6 gene gene NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 345 7 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 345 8 Iowa Iowa NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 345 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 345 10 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 345 11 26 26 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 345 12 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 345 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 345 14 rather rather RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 345 15 than than IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 345 16 Ohio Ohio NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 345 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 345 18 39 39 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 345 19 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 345 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 345 21 was be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 345 22 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 345 23 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 345 24 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 345 25 ancestral ancestral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 345 26 location location NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 345 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 345 28 Figure figure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 345 29 5H 5h NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 345 30 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 345 31 Supplementary Supplementary NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 345 32 Table Table NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 345 33 2 2 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 345 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 345 35 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 346 1 However however RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 346 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 346 3 seven seven CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 346 4 out out IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 346 5 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 346 6 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 346 7 17 17 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 346 8 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 346 9 states state NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 346 10 were be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 346 11 excluded exclude VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 346 12 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 346 13 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 346 14 DTA DTA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 346 15 due due IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 346 16 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 346 17 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 346 18 lack lack NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 346 19 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 346 20 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 346 21 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 346 22 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 346 23 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 346 24 therefore therefore RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 346 25 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 346 26 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 346 27 role role NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 346 28 was be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 346 29 unquantified unquantified JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 346 30 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 346 31 shaping shape VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 346 32 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 346 33 spatio spatio JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 346 34 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 346 35 temporal temporal JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 346 36 evolution evolution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 346 37 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 346 38 SI SI NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 346 39 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 347 1 Yet yet CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 347 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 347 3 these these DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 347 4 states state NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 347 5 had have VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 347 6 substantially substantially RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 347 7 fewer few JJR cord-024061-gxv8y146 347 8 swine swine NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 347 9 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 347 10 related relate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 347 11 activities activity NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 347 12 as as RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 347 13 well well RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 347 14 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 347 15 SI SI NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 347 16 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 347 17 than than IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 347 18 analyzed analyze VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 347 19 states state NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 347 20 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 348 1 Further further RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 348 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 348 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 348 4 showed show VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 348 5 how how WRB cord-024061-gxv8y146 348 6 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 348 7 posterior posterior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 348 8 estimates estimate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 348 9 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 348 10 demographic demographic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 348 11 reconstruction reconstruction NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 348 12 were be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 348 13 almost almost RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 348 14 insensitive insensitive JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 348 15 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 348 16 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 348 17 choice choice NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 348 18 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 348 19 different different JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 348 20 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 348 21 priors prior NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 348 22 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 348 23 each each DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 348 24 gene gene NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 348 25 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 348 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 348 27 Figures figure NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 348 28 2 2 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 348 29 - - SYM cord-024061-gxv8y146 348 30 4 4 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 348 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 348 32 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 349 1 However however RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 349 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 349 3 inferred infer VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 349 4 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 349 5 estimates estimate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 349 6 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 349 7 different different JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 349 8 gene gene NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 349 9 regions region NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 349 10 may may MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 349 11 differ differ VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 349 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 349 13 41 41 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 349 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 349 15 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 349 16 coincide coincide VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 349 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 349 18 118 118 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 349 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 349 20 due due IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 349 21 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 349 22 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 349 23 natural natural JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 349 24 variation variation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 349 25 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 349 26 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 349 27 mutation mutation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 349 28 rate rate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 349 29 over over IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 349 30 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 349 31 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 350 1 This this DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 350 2 raises raise VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 350 3 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 350 4 question question NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 350 5 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 350 6 whether whether IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 350 7 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 350 8 longer long JJR cord-024061-gxv8y146 350 9 gene gene NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 350 10 segments segment NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 350 11 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 350 12 whole whole JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 350 13 genomes genome NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 350 14 provides provide VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 350 15 deeper deep JJR cord-024061-gxv8y146 350 16 resolution resolution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 350 17 into into IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 350 18 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 350 19 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 350 20 history history NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 350 21 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 350 22 rapidly rapidly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 350 23 evolving evolve VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 350 24 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 350 25 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 351 1 Past past JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 351 2 influenza influenza NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 351 3 A a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 351 4 studies study NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 351 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 351 6 41 41 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 351 7 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 351 8 123 123 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 351 9 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 351 10 124 124 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 351 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 351 12 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 351 13 including include VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 351 14 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 351 15 present present JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 351 16 study study NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 351 17 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 351 18 showed show VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 351 19 that that IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 351 20 HA HA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 351 21 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 351 22 NA NA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 351 23 segments segment NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 351 24 typically typically RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 351 25 exhibit exhibit VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 351 26 higher high JJR cord-024061-gxv8y146 351 27 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 351 28 rates rate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 351 29 than than IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 351 30 more more JJR cord-024061-gxv8y146 351 31 conserved conserve VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 351 32 segments segment NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 351 33 like like IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 351 34 PB1 PB1 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 351 35 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 351 36 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 351 37 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 352 1 Subsequently subsequently RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 352 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 352 3 segments segment NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 352 4 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 352 5 higher high JJR cord-024061-gxv8y146 352 6 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 352 7 rate rate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 352 8 will will MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 352 9 also also RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 352 10 display display VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 352 11 stronger strong JJR cord-024061-gxv8y146 352 12 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 352 13 signals signal NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 352 14 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 352 15 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 352 16 described describe VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 352 17 above above RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 352 18 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 353 1 In in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 353 2 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 353 3 analyses analysis NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 353 4 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 353 5 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 353 6 width width NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 353 7 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 353 8 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 353 9 95 95 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 353 10 % % NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 353 11 HPDs hpd NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 353 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 353 13 i.e. i.e. FW cord-024061-gxv8y146 353 14 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 353 15 length length NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 353 16 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 353 17 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 353 18 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 353 19 scale scale NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 353 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 353 21 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 353 22 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 353 23 median median JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 353 24 age age NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 353 25 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 353 26 TMRCAs tmrca NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 353 27 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 353 28 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 353 29 were be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 353 30 remarkably remarkably RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 353 31 wider wide JJR cord-024061-gxv8y146 353 32 than than IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 353 33 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 353 34 HA HA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 353 35 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 353 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 353 37 Figures figure NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 353 38 2 2 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 353 39 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 353 40 3 3 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 353 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 353 42 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 354 1 This this DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 354 2 sizeable sizeable JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 354 3 width width NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 354 4 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 354 5 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 354 6 posterior posterior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 354 7 intervals interval NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 354 8 reflects reflect VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 354 9 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 354 10 magnitude magnitude NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 354 11 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 354 12 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 354 13 surrounding surround VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 354 14 inferences inference NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 354 15 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 354 16 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 354 17 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 354 18 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 354 19 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 354 20 as as RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 354 21 well well RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 354 22 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 354 23 suggests suggest VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 354 24 that that IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 354 25 inferences inference NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 354 26 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 354 27 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 354 28 HA HA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 354 29 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 354 30 were be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 354 31 more more RBR cord-024061-gxv8y146 354 32 precise precise JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 354 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 354 34 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 354 35 robust robust JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 354 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 354 37 than than IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 354 38 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 354 39 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 354 40 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 354 41 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 355 1 Also also RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 355 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 355 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 355 4 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 355 5 how how WRB cord-024061-gxv8y146 355 6 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 355 7 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 355 8 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 355 9 failed fail VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 355 10 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 355 11 identify identify VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 355 12 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 355 13 ancestral ancestral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 355 14 geographical geographical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 355 15 location location NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 355 16 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 355 17 currently currently RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 355 18 circulating circulate VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 355 19 H3 H3 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 355 20 viruses virus NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 355 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 355 22 Figure Figure NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 355 23 6D 6d NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 355 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 355 25 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 356 1 While while IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 356 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 356 3 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 356 4 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 356 5 symmetric symmetric JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 356 6 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 356 7 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 356 8 we -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 356 9 inferred infer VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 356 10 four four CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 356 11 candidate candidate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 356 12 ancestral ancestral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 356 13 locations location NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 356 14 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 356 15 inconclusive inconclusive JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 356 16 RSPPs rspp NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 356 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 356 18 Figure figure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 356 19 6H 6h CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 356 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 356 21 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 357 1 Further further RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 357 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 357 3 Nelson Nelson NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 357 4 et et NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 357 5 al al NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 357 6 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 358 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 358 2 117 117 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 358 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 358 4 were be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 358 5 not not RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 358 6 able able JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 358 7 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 358 8 infer infer VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 358 9 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 358 10 significant significant JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 358 11 migration migration NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 358 12 route route NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 358 13 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 358 14 Indiana Indiana NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 358 15 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 358 16 Ohio Ohio NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 358 17 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 358 18 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 358 19 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 358 20 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 358 21 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 359 1 Yet yet CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 359 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 359 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 359 4 were be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 359 5 able able JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 359 6 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 359 7 infer infer VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 359 8 this this DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 359 9 particular particular JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 359 10 route route NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 359 11 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 359 12 significant significant JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 359 13 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 359 14 both both CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 359 15 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 359 16 HA HA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 359 17 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 359 18 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 359 19 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 359 20 segments segment NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 359 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 359 22 Figures figure NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 359 23 7H 7h CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 359 24 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 359 25 8D 8D NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 359 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 359 27 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 360 1 Additionally additionally RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 360 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 360 3 Scotch Scotch NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 360 4 et et NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 360 5 al al NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 360 6 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 361 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 361 2 118 118 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 361 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 361 4 confirmed confirm VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 361 5 agreements agreement NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 361 6 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 361 7 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 361 8 phylogeographic phylogeographic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 361 9 inferences inference NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 361 10 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 361 11 HA HA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 361 12 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 361 13 NA NA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 361 14 gene gene NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 361 15 segments segment NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 361 16 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 362 1 This this DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 362 2 highlights highlight VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 362 3 another another DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 362 4 decisive decisive JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 362 5 question question NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 362 6 about about IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 362 7 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 362 8 suitability suitability NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 362 9 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 362 10 efficiency efficiency NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 362 11 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 362 12 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 362 13 single single JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 362 14 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 362 15 multiple multiple JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 362 16 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 362 17 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 362 18 whole whole JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 362 19 genome genome NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 362 20 when when WRB cord-024061-gxv8y146 362 21 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 362 22 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 362 23 methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 362 24 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 362 25 molecular molecular JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 362 26 surveillance surveillance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 362 27 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 362 28 viral viral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 362 29 diseases disease NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 362 30 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 363 1 Most Most JJS cord-024061-gxv8y146 363 2 researchers researcher NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 363 3 advocate advocate VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 363 4 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 363 5 whole whole JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 363 6 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 363 7 genome genome NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 363 8 analysis analysis NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 363 9 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 363 10 either either CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 363 11 analyzing analyze VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 363 12 each each DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 363 13 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 363 14 alone alone RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 363 15 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 363 16 as as RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 363 17 concinnated concinnate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 363 18 segments segment NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 363 19 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 364 1 However however RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 364 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 364 3 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 364 4 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 364 5 presence presence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 364 6 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 364 7 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 364 8 large large JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 364 9 number number NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 364 10 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 364 11 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 364 12 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 364 13 these these DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 364 14 strategies strategy NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 364 15 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 364 16 ill ill RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 364 17 timed time VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 364 18 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 364 19 require require VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 364 20 massive massive JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 364 21 computational computational JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 364 22 resources resource NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 364 23 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 364 24 making make VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 364 25 them -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 364 26 inefficient inefficient JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 364 27 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 364 28 targeted targeted JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 364 29 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 364 30 near near JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 364 31 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 364 32 realtime realtime NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 364 33 surveillance surveillance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 364 34 systems system NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 364 35 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 365 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 365 2 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 365 3 worth worth JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 365 4 noting note VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 365 5 that that IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 365 6 substitution substitution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 365 7 rate rate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 365 8 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 365 9 divergence divergence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 365 10 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 365 11 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 365 12 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 365 13 Alkhamis Alkhamis NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 365 14 et et NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 365 15 al al NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 365 16 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 366 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 366 2 43 43 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 366 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 366 4 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 366 5 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 366 6 FMD FMD NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 366 7 SAT1 SAT1 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 366 8 VP1 vp1 NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 366 9 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 366 10 were be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 366 11 similar similar JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 366 12 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 366 13 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 366 14 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 366 15 estimates estimate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 366 16 inferred infer VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 366 17 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 366 18 Lasecka Lasecka NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 366 19 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 366 20 Dykes Dykes NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 366 21 et et FW cord-024061-gxv8y146 366 22 al al NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 366 23 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 367 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 367 2 125 125 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 367 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 367 4 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 367 5 wholegenome wholegenome NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 367 6 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 367 7 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 367 8 confirming confirm VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 367 9 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 367 10 robustness robustness NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 367 11 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 367 12 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 367 13 methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 367 14 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 368 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 368 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 368 3 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 368 4 presence presence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 368 5 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 368 6 recombination recombination NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 368 7 events event NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 368 8 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 368 9 severely severely RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 368 10 impact impact VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 368 11 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 368 12 robustness robustness NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 368 13 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 368 14 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 368 15 methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 368 16 leading lead VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 368 17 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 368 18 inferring infer VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 368 19 biased biased JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 368 20 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 368 21 histories history NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 368 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 368 23 126 126 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 368 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 368 25 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 369 1 Hence hence RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 369 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 369 3 targeting target VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 369 4 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 369 5 most most RBS cord-024061-gxv8y146 369 6 rapidly rapidly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 369 7 evolving evolve VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 369 8 gene gene NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 369 9 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 369 10 at at IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 369 11 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 369 12 beginning beginning NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 369 13 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 369 14 an an DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 369 15 epidemic epidemic NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 369 16 may may MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 369 17 suffice suffice VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 369 18 molecular molecular JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 369 19 surveillance surveillance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 369 20 activities activity NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 369 21 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 370 1 That that DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 370 2 said say VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 370 3 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 370 4 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 370 5 choice choice NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 370 6 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 370 7 gene gene NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 370 8 segments segment NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 370 9 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 370 10 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 370 11 whole whole JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 370 12 genome genome NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 370 13 should should MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 370 14 depend depend VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 370 15 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 370 16 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 370 17 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 370 18 properties property NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 370 19 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 370 20 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 370 21 pathogen pathogen NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 370 22 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 370 23 frequency frequency NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 370 24 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 370 25 recombination recombination NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 370 26 events event NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 370 27 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 370 28 availability availability NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 370 29 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 370 30 resources resource NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 370 31 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 370 32 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 370 33 objectives objective NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 370 34 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 370 35 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 370 36 molecular molecular JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 370 37 surveillance surveillance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 370 38 system system NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 370 39 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 371 1 As as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 371 2 described describe VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 371 3 above above RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 371 4 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 371 5 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 371 6 inferences inference NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 371 7 tend tend VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 371 8 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 371 9 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 371 10 biased bias VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 371 11 toward toward IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 371 12 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 371 13 available available JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 371 14 subsets subset NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 371 15 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 371 16 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 371 17 data datum NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 371 18 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 1 Hence hence RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 3 when when WRB cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 4 analyzing analyze VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 5 novel novel JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 6 sequence sequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 7 datasets dataset NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 8 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 9 it -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 10 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 11 critical critical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 12 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 13 combine combine VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 14 them -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 15 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 16 genetically genetically RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 17 related relate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 18 lineages lineage NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 19 published publish VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 20 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 21 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 22 scientific scientific JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 23 literature literature NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 24 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 25 publicly publicly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 26 available available JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 27 databases database NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 28 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 29 reduce reduce VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 30 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 31 impact impact NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 32 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 33 sampling sampling NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 34 bias bias NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 35 as as RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 36 well well RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 37 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 38 improve improve VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 39 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 40 reliability reliability NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 41 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 42 accuracy accuracy NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 43 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 44 posterior posterior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 45 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 46 inferences inference NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 372 47 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 373 1 Unfortunately unfortunately RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 373 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 373 3 several several JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 373 4 examples example NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 373 5 published publish VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 373 6 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 373 7 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 373 8 scientific scientific JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 373 9 literature literature NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 373 10 used use VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 373 11 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 373 12 methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 373 13 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 373 14 novel novel JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 373 15 sequence sequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 373 16 datasets dataset NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 373 17 while while IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 373 18 ignoring ignore VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 373 19 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 373 20 published publish VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 373 21 relatives relative NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 373 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 373 23 127 127 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 373 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 373 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 373 26 128 128 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 373 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 373 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 373 29 129 129 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 373 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 373 31 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 374 1 This this DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 374 2 led lead VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 374 3 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 374 4 inferring infer VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 374 5 MCC MCC NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 374 6 trees tree NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 374 7 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 374 8 unaccounted unaccounted JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 374 9 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 374 10 relationships relationship NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 374 11 such such JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 374 12 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 374 13 nodes node NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 374 14 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 374 15 branches branch NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 374 16 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 374 17 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 374 18 roots root NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 374 19 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 375 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 375 2 worked work VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 375 3 example example NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 375 4 opens open VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 375 5 considerations consideration NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 375 6 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 375 7 future future JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 375 8 work work NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 375 9 involving involve VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 375 10 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 375 11 use use NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 375 12 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 375 13 more more JJR cord-024061-gxv8y146 375 14 complex complex JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 375 15 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 375 16 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 375 17 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 375 18 described describe VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 375 19 above above RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 375 20 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 375 21 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 375 22 shed shed VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 375 23 deeper deep JJR cord-024061-gxv8y146 375 24 insights insight NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 375 25 into into IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 375 26 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 375 27 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 375 28 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 375 29 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 375 30 SI SI NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 375 31 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 376 1 For for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 376 2 example example NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 376 3 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 376 4 when when WRB cord-024061-gxv8y146 376 5 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 376 6 exact exact JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 376 7 geographical geographical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 376 8 locations location NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 376 9 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 376 10 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 376 11 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 376 12 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 376 13 available available JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 376 14 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 376 15 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 376 16 use use NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 376 17 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 376 18 continuous continuous JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 376 19 phylogeographic phylogeographic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 376 20 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 376 21 will will MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 376 22 enable enable VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 376 23 us -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 376 24 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 376 25 include include VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 376 26 all all DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 376 27 states state NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 376 28 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 376 29 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 376 30 analyses analysis NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 376 31 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 376 32 including include VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 376 33 states state NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 376 34 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 376 35 few few JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 376 36 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 376 37 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 377 1 Besides besides RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 377 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 377 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 377 4 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 377 5 estimate estimate VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 377 6 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 377 7 spatiotemporal spatiotemporal JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 377 8 dispersal dispersal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 377 9 speed speed NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 377 10 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 377 11 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 377 12 virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 377 13 as as RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 377 14 well well RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 377 15 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 377 16 identify identify VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 377 17 dispersal dispersal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 377 18 patterns pattern NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 377 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 377 20 i.e. i.e. FW cord-024061-gxv8y146 377 21 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 377 22 homogeneous homogeneous JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 377 23 vs. vs. IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 377 24 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 377 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 377 26 across across IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 377 27 different different JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 377 28 geographical geographical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 377 29 regions region NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 377 30 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 378 1 Also also RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 378 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 378 3 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 378 4 use use NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 378 5 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 378 6 GLM GLM NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 378 7 geographical geographical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 378 8 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 378 9 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 378 10 directly directly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 378 11 quantify quantify VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 378 12 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 378 13 importance importance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 378 14 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 378 15 different different JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 378 16 environmental environmental JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 378 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 378 18 e.g. e.g. RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 378 19 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 378 20 climate climate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 378 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 378 22 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 378 23 demographical demographical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 378 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 378 25 e.g. e.g. RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 378 26 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 378 27 pig pig NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 378 28 density density NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 378 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 378 30 factors factor NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 378 31 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 378 32 shaping shape VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 378 33 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 378 34 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 378 35 history history NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 378 36 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 378 37 SI SI NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 378 38 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 378 39 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 378 40 United United NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 378 41 States States NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 378 42 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 379 1 Finally finally RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 379 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 379 3 exploring explore VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 379 4 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 379 5 potentials potential NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 379 6 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 379 7 structured structured JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 379 8 coalescent coalescent NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 379 9 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 379 10 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 379 11 improving improve VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 379 12 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 379 13 reliability reliability NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 379 14 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 379 15 inferences inference NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 379 16 derived derive VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 379 17 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 379 18 basic basic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 379 19 DTAs dta NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 379 20 should should MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 379 21 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 379 22 considered consider VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 379 23 as as RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 379 24 well well RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 379 25 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 380 1 The the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 380 2 current current JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 380 3 surveillance surveillance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 380 4 programs program NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 380 5 rely rely VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 380 6 heavily heavily RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 380 7 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 380 8 collecting collect VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 380 9 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 380 10 analyzing analyze VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 380 11 spatial spatial JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 380 12 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 380 13 temporal temporal JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 380 14 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 380 15 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 380 16 genomic genomic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 380 17 aspects aspect NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 380 18 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 380 19 an an DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 380 20 outbreak outbreak NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 380 21 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 380 22 classical classical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 380 23 statistical statistical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 380 24 methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 380 25 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 380 26 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 380 27 disjointed disjointed JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 380 28 analytical analytical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 380 29 framework framework NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 380 30 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 381 1 This this DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 381 2 disjointed disjointed JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 381 3 framework framework NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 381 4 suffers suffer VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 381 5 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 381 6 many many JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 381 7 biases bias NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 381 8 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 381 9 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 381 10 not not RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 381 11 capable capable JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 381 12 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 381 13 answering answer VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 381 14 more more RBR cord-024061-gxv8y146 381 15 profound profound JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 381 16 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 381 17 questions question NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 381 18 about about IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 381 19 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 381 20 outbreak outbreak NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 381 21 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 381 22 current current JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 381 23 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 381 24 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 382 1 Using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 382 2 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 382 3 suggested suggest VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 382 4 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 382 5 analytical analytical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 382 6 pipeline pipeline NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 382 7 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 382 8 we -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 382 9 were be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 382 10 able able JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 382 11 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 382 12 fulfill fulfill VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 382 13 critical critical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 382 14 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 382 15 questions question NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 382 16 about about IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 382 17 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 382 18 emergence emergence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 382 19 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 382 20 evolution evolution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 382 21 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 382 22 currently currently RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 382 23 circulating circulate VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 382 24 humanlike humanlike JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 382 25 H3 H3 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 382 26 SI SI NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 382 27 viruses virus NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 382 28 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 382 29 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 382 30 United United NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 382 31 States States NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 382 32 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 382 33 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 382 34 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 382 35 primary primary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 382 36 goal goal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 382 37 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 382 38 guiding guide VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 382 39 risk risk NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 382 40 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 382 41 based base VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 382 42 surveillance surveillance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 382 43 resources resource NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 382 44 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 383 1 For for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 383 2 example example NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 383 3 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 383 4 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 383 5 inferences inference NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 383 6 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 383 7 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 383 8 HA HA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 383 9 segment segment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 383 10 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 383 11 we -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 383 12 were be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 383 13 able able JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 383 14 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 383 15 identify identify VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 383 16 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 383 17 dates date NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 383 18 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 383 19 epidemic epidemic NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 383 20 introduction introduction NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 383 21 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 383 22 each each DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 383 23 state state NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 383 24 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 384 1 Also also RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 384 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 384 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 384 4 were be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 384 5 able able JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 384 6 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 384 7 identify identify VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 384 8 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 384 9 geographic geographic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 384 10 origins origin NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 384 11 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 384 12 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 384 13 current current JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 384 14 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 384 15 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 384 16 observed observe VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 384 17 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 384 18 genomic genomic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 384 19 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 384 20 spatio spatio JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 384 21 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 384 22 temporal temporal JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 384 23 diffusion diffusion NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 384 24 process process NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 384 25 through through IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 384 26 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 384 27 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 384 28 states state NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 384 29 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 385 1 Also also RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 385 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 385 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 385 4 identified identify VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 385 5 highrisk highrisk JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 385 6 viral viral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 385 7 dispersal dispersal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 385 8 routes route NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 385 9 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 385 10 states state NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 385 11 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 385 12 rank rank NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 385 13 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 385 14 ordered order VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 385 15 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 385 16 significance significance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 385 17 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 385 18 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 385 19 defined define VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 385 20 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 385 21 directions direction NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 385 22 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 386 1 All all DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 386 2 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 386 3 these these DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 386 4 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 386 5 integral integral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 386 6 components component NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 386 7 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 386 8 an an DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 386 9 effective effective JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 386 10 risk risk NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 386 11 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 386 12 based base VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 386 13 molecular molecular JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 386 14 surveillance surveillance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 386 15 program program NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 386 16 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 386 17 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 386 18 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 386 19 ability ability NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 386 20 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 386 21 achieve achieve VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 386 22 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 386 23 real real JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 386 24 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 386 25 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 386 26 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 386 27 future future JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 386 28 molecular molecular JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 386 29 surveillance surveillance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 386 30 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 386 31 animal animal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 386 32 diseases disease NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 386 33 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 387 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 387 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 387 3 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 387 4 availability availability NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 387 5 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 387 6 computational computational JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 387 7 resources resource NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 387 8 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 387 9 designing design VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 387 10 an an DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 387 11 ongoing ongoing JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 387 12 phylodynamic phylodynamic NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 387 13 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 387 14 based base VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 387 15 molecular molecular JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 387 16 surveillance surveillance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 387 17 system system NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 387 18 will will MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 387 19 always always RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 387 20 remain remain VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 387 21 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 387 22 challenge challenge NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 387 23 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 387 24 especially especially RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 387 25 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 387 26 developing develop VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 387 27 countries country NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 387 28 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 1 That that DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 2 said say VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 3 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 4 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 5 few few JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 6 open open JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 7 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 8 source source NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 9 software software NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 10 developed develop VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 11 recently recently RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 12 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 13 perform perform VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 14 basic basic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 15 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 16 analysis analysis NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 18 e.g. e.g. RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 19 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 20 estimate estimate VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 21 molecular molecular JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 22 clocks clock NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 23 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 24 infer infer VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 25 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 26 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 28 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 29 an an DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 30 ML ML NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 31 statistical statistical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 32 framework framework NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 33 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 34 including include VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 35 TimeTree TimeTree NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 37 130 130 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 39 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 40 treedater treedater NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 41 R r NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 42 package package NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 44 131 131 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 46 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 47 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 48 Least Least JJS cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 49 Square Square NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 50 Dating Dating NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 51 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 52 120 120 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 388 54 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 1 While while IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 2 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 3 algorithms algorithm NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 4 implemented implement VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 5 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 6 these these DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 7 software software NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 8 trades trade NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 9 off off IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 10 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 11 advantages advantage NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 12 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 13 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 14 Bayesian bayesian JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 15 framework framework NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 16 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 17 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 18 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 19 presence presence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 20 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 21 large large JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 22 sequence sequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 23 datasets dataset NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 24 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 25 they -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 26 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 27 produce produce VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 28 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 29 estimates estimate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 30 similar similar JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 31 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 32 those those DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 33 estimated estimate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 34 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 35 BEAST BEAST NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 36 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 37 substantially substantially RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 38 less less JJR cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 39 computational computational JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 40 resources resource NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 42 120 120 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 43 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 44 130 130 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 45 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 46 131 131 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 389 48 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 390 1 Nextstrain Nextstrain NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 390 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 390 3 https://nextstrain.org https://nextstrain.org NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 390 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 390 5 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 390 6 which which WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 390 7 implements implement VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 390 8 TreeTime TreeTime NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 390 9 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 390 10 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 390 11 futuristic futuristic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 390 12 working work VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 390 13 example example NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 390 14 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 390 15 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 390 16 web web NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 390 17 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 390 18 based base VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 390 19 real real JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 390 20 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 390 21 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 390 22 molecular molecular JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 390 23 surveillance surveillance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 390 24 system system NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 390 25 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 390 26 important important JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 390 27 human human JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 390 28 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 390 29 such such JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 390 30 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 390 31 influenza influenza NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 390 32 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 390 33 Ebola Ebola NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 390 34 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 390 35 Dengue Dengue NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 390 36 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 390 37 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 390 38 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 390 39 newly newly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 390 40 emerging emerge VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 390 41 corona corona NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 390 42 viruses virus NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 390 43 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 391 1 This this DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 391 2 surveillance surveillance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 391 3 system system NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 391 4 has have VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 391 5 an an DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 391 6 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 391 7 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 391 8 going go VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 391 9 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 391 10 analytical analytical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 391 11 engine engine NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 391 12 that that WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 391 13 traces trace VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 391 14 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 391 15 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 391 16 real real JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 391 17 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 391 18 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 391 19 genetic genetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 391 20 diversity diversity NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 391 21 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 391 22 divergence divergence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 391 23 times time NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 391 24 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 391 25 geographical geographical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 391 26 origins origin NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 391 27 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 391 28 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 391 29 dispersal dispersal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 391 30 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 391 31 global global JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 391 32 scales scale NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 391 33 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 392 1 The the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 392 2 system system NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 392 3 updates update VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 392 4 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 392 5 results result NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 392 6 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 392 7 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 392 8 MCC MCC NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 392 9 tree tree NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 392 10 once once IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 392 11 new new JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 392 12 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 392 13 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 392 14 deposited deposit VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 392 15 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 392 16 other other JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 392 17 web web NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 392 18 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 392 19 based base VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 392 20 publicly publicly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 392 21 available available JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 392 22 genomic genomic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 392 23 databases database NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 392 24 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 393 1 However however RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 393 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 393 3 this this DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 393 4 project project NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 393 5 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 393 6 achieved achieve VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 393 7 through through IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 393 8 rigorous rigorous JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 393 9 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 393 10 consistent consistent JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 393 11 global global JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 393 12 collaboration collaboration NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 393 13 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 393 14 data datum NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 393 15 sharing sharing NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 393 16 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 394 1 In in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 394 2 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 394 3 United United NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 394 4 States States NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 394 5 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 394 6 resources resource NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 394 7 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 394 8 developing develop VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 394 9 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 394 10 similar similar JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 394 11 system system NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 394 12 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 394 13 tracing trace VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 394 14 animal animal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 394 15 diseases disease NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 394 16 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 394 17 readily readily RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 394 18 available available JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 394 19 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 395 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 395 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 395 3 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 395 4 chain chain NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 395 5 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 395 6 collaboration collaboration NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 395 7 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 395 8 researchers researcher NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 395 9 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 395 10 government government NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 395 11 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 395 12 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 395 13 producers producer NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 395 14 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 395 15 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 395 16 animal animal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 395 17 sector sector NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 395 18 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 395 19 hard hard JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 395 20 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 395 21 maintain maintain VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 395 22 due due IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 395 23 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 395 24 logistic logistic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 395 25 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 395 26 economic economic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 395 27 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 395 28 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 395 29 educational educational JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 395 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 395 31 i.e. i.e. FW cord-024061-gxv8y146 395 32 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 395 33 lack lack NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 395 34 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 395 35 awareness awareness NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 395 36 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 395 37 skill skill NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 395 38 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 395 39 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 395 40 methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 395 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 395 42 reasons reason NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 395 43 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 3 recent recent JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 4 scientific scientific JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 5 literature literature NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 6 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 7 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 8 use use NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 9 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 10 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 11 methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 12 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 13 animal animal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 14 disease disease NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 15 surveillance surveillance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 16 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 17 notably notably RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 18 growing grow VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 19 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 20 which which WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 21 reflects reflect VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 22 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 23 increased increase VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 24 awareness awareness NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 25 between between IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 26 veterinarians veterinarian NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 27 about about IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 28 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 29 capacities capacity NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 30 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 31 such such JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 32 methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 33 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 34 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 35 goodwill goodwill NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 36 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 37 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 38 industry industry NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 39 leaders leader NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 40 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 41 voluntarily voluntarily RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 42 share share VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 43 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 44 data datum NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 46 37 37 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 47 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 48 132 132 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 396 50 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 397 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 397 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 397 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 397 4 anticipate anticipate VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 397 5 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 397 6 new new JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 397 7 era era NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 397 8 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 397 9 animal animal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 397 10 disease disease NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 397 11 prevention prevention NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 397 12 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 397 13 control control NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 397 14 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 397 15 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 397 16 United United NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 397 17 States States NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 397 18 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 398 1 In in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 398 2 contrast contrast NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 398 3 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 398 4 veterinary veterinary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 398 5 infrastructure infrastructure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 398 6 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 398 7 developing develop VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 398 8 countries country NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 398 9 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 398 10 severely severely RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 398 11 lacking lack VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 398 12 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 398 13 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 398 14 terms term NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 398 15 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 398 16 reporting reporting NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 398 17 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 398 18 data datum NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 398 19 sharing sharing NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 398 20 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 398 21 when when WRB cord-024061-gxv8y146 398 22 compared compare VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 398 23 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 398 24 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 398 25 human human JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 398 26 health health NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 398 27 sectors sector NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 398 28 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 399 1 Consequently consequently RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 399 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 399 3 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 399 4 question question NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 399 5 related relate VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 399 6 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 399 7 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 399 8 future future NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 399 9 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 399 10 implementing implement VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 399 11 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 399 12 methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 399 13 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 399 14 global global JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 399 15 animal animal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 399 16 surveillance surveillance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 399 17 remains remain VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 399 18 unanswered unanswered JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 399 19 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 2 selected select VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 3 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 4 analytical analytical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 5 pipeline pipeline NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 6 offers offer VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 7 an an DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 8 integrated integrated JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 9 approach approach NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 10 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 11 not not RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 12 only only RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 13 answering answer VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 14 more more RBR cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 15 profound profound JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 16 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 17 questions question NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 18 about about IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 19 emerging emerge VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 20 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 21 endemic endemic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 22 animal animal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 23 diseases disease NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 24 but but CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 25 also also RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 26 attempts attempt VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 27 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 28 reduce reduce VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 29 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 30 impact impact NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 31 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 32 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 33 inherent inherent JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 34 limitations limitation NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 35 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 36 offer offer VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 37 less less RBR cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 38 biased biased JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 39 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 40 biologically biologically RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 41 plausible plausible JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 42 inferences inference NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 43 about about IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 44 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 45 pathogen pathogen NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 46 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 47 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 48 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 49 properly properly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 50 guide guide VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 51 intervention intervention NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 52 activities activity NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 400 53 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 401 1 This this DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 401 2 study study NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 401 3 has have VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 401 4 highlighted highlight VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 401 5 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 401 6 value value NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 401 7 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 401 8 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 401 9 methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 401 10 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 401 11 improving improve VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 401 12 current current JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 401 13 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 401 14 future future JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 401 15 molecular molecular JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 401 16 surveillance surveillance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 401 17 efforts effort NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 401 18 against against IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 401 19 animal animal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 401 20 diseases disease NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 401 21 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 401 22 human human NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 401 23 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 401 24 like like JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 401 25 H3 H3 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 401 26 SI SI NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 401 27 virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 401 28 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 401 29 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 401 30 working work VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 401 31 example example NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 401 32 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 402 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 402 2 reviewed review VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 402 3 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 402 4 outlined outline VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 402 5 basic basic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 402 6 concepts concept NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 402 7 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 402 8 aspects aspect NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 402 9 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 402 10 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 402 11 methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 402 12 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 402 13 attempted attempt VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 402 14 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 402 15 summarize summarize VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 402 16 essential essential JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 402 17 components component NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 402 18 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 402 19 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 402 20 methodology methodology NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 402 21 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 402 22 one one CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 402 23 analytical analytical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 402 24 pipeline pipeline NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 402 25 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 402 26 facilitate facilitate VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 402 27 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 402 28 proper proper JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 402 29 use use NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 402 30 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 402 31 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 402 32 methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 402 33 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 402 34 animal animal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 402 35 health health NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 402 36 researchers researcher NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 402 37 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 403 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 403 2 also also RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 403 3 pinpointed pinpoint VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 403 4 requirements requirement NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 403 5 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 403 6 challenges challenge NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 403 7 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 403 8 integrating integrate VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 403 9 phylodynamic phylodynamic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 403 10 methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 403 11 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 403 12 routine routine JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 403 13 animal animal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 403 14 disease disease NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 403 15 surveillance surveillance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 403 16 activities activity NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 403 17 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 404 1 The the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 404 2 datasets dataset NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 404 3 analyzed analyze VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 404 4 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 404 5 this this DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 404 6 study study NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 404 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 404 8 Alignments alignment NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 404 9 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 404 10 BEAST BEAST NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 404 11 xmls xmls NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 404 12 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 404 13 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 404 14 MCC MCC NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 404 15 tree tree NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 404 16 files file NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 404 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 404 18 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 404 19 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 404 20 found find VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 404 21 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 404 22 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 404 23 Figshare Figshare NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 404 24 Dataset Dataset NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 404 25 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 405 1 https:// https:// NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 405 2 doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11842989.v1 doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11842989.v1 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 405 3 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 406 1 Carlsson Carlsson NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 406 2 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 406 3 global global JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 406 4 animal animal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 406 5 disease disease NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 406 6 surveillance surveillance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 406 7 Novel Novel NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 406 8 analytic analytic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 406 9 tools tool NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 406 10 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 406 11 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 406 12 study study NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 406 13 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 406 14 porcine porcine JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 406 15 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 406 16 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 406 17 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 406 18 syndrome syndrome NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 406 19 virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 406 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 406 21 PRRSv PRRSv NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 406 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 406 23 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 406 24 endemic endemic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 406 25 settings setting NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 406 26 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 406 27 lessons lesson NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 406 28 learned learn VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 406 29 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 406 30 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 406 31 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 407 1 Porcine Porcine NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 407 2 Health Health NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 407 3 Manag Manag NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 407 4 A A NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 407 5 Review Review NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 407 6 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 407 7 quantitative quantitative JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 407 8 tools tool NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 407 9 used use VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 407 10 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 407 11 assess assess VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 407 12 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 407 13 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 407 14 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 407 15 porcine porcine JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 407 16 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 407 17 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 407 18 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 407 19 syndrome syndrome NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 407 20 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 407 21 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 407 22 swine swine NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 407 23 farms farm NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 407 24 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 407 25 dr dr NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 407 26 . . NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 407 27 morrison morrison NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 407 28 's 's POS cord-024061-gxv8y146 407 29 swine swine NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 407 30 health health NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 407 31 monitoring monitor VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 407 32 program program NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 407 33 data datum NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 407 34 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 408 1 Front front JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 408 2 Vet Vet NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 408 3 Sci Sci NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 409 1 Towards towards IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 409 2 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 409 3 genomics genomics NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 409 4 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 409 5 informed inform VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 409 6 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 409 7 real real JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 409 8 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 409 9 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 409 10 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 409 11 global global JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 409 12 pathogen pathogen NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 409 13 surveillance surveillance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 409 14 system system NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 409 15 Highly highly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 409 16 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 409 17 avian avian JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 409 18 influenza influenza NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 409 19 virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 409 20 subtype subtype NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 409 21 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 409 22 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 409 23 Africa Africa NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 409 24 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 409 25 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 409 26 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 409 27 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 409 28 analysis analysis NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 409 29 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 409 30 molecular molecular JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 409 31 characterization characterization NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 409 32 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 409 33 isolates isolate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 409 34 Regional regional JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 409 35 patterns pattern NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 409 36 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 409 37 genetic genetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 409 38 diversity diversity NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 409 39 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 409 40 swine swine NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 409 41 influenza influenza NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 1 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 2 viruses virus NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 3 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 4 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 5 United United NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 6 States States NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 7 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 8 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 9 aH5N1 aH5N1 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 10 immigration immigration NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 11 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 12 filtered filter VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 13 out out RP cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 14 at at IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 15 some some DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 16 international international JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 17 borders border NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 18 Molecular Molecular NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 19 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 20 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 21 foot foot NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 22 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 23 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 24 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 25 mouth mouth NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 26 disease disease NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 27 virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 28 Comparative Comparative NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 29 study study NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 30 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 31 codon codon NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 32 substitution substitution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 33 patterns pattern NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 34 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 35 foot foot NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 36 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 37 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 38 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 39 mouth mouth NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 40 disease disease NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 41 virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 43 serotype serotype NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 44 O o NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 46 Foot foot NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 47 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 48 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 49 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 50 mouth mouth NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 51 disease disease NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 52 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 53 past past JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 54 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 55 present present JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 56 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 57 future future JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 58 Spatial spatial JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 59 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 60 temporal temporal JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 61 patterns pattern NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 62 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 63 porcine porcine JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 64 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 65 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 66 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 67 syndrome syndrome NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 68 virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 69 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 70 PRRSV PRRSV NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 71 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 72 genotypes genotype NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 73 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 74 Ontario Ontario NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 75 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 76 Canada Canada NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 77 Analysis Analysis NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 78 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 79 ORF5 ORF5 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 80 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 81 full full JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 82 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 83 length length NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 84 genome genome NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 85 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 86 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 87 porcine porcine JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 88 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 89 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 90 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 91 syndrome syndrome NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 92 virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 93 isolates isolate VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 94 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 95 genotypes genotype NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 96 1 1 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 97 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 98 2 2 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 99 retrieved retrieve VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 100 worldwide worldwide RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 101 provides provide VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 102 evidence evidence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 103 that that IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 104 recombination recombination NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 105 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 106 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 107 common common JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 108 phenomenon phenomenon NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 109 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 110 may may MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 111 produce produce VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 112 mosaic mosaic NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 113 isolates isolate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 114 Molecular molecular JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 115 evolution evolution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 116 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 117 PRRSV PRRSV NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 118 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 119 Europe Europe NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 120 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 121 current current JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 122 state state NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 123 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 124 play play NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 125 Bayesian Bayesian NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 126 selection selection NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 127 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 128 continuoustime continuoustime NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 129 Markov Markov NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 130 chain chain NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 131 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 132 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 133 Unifying unify VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 134 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 135 spatial spatial JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 136 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 137 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 138 molecular molecular JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 139 evolution evolution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 140 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 141 emerging emerge VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 142 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 143 Evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 144 analysis analysis NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 145 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 146 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 147 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 148 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 149 viral viral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 150 infectious infectious JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 151 disease disease NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 152 Tracking tracking NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 153 virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 154 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 155 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 156 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 157 twenty twenty CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 158 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 159 first first JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 160 century century NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 161 Evidence evidence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 162 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 163 positive positive JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 164 selection selection NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 165 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 166 foot foot NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 167 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 168 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 169 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 170 mouth mouth NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 171 disease disease NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 172 virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 173 capsid capsid NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 174 genes gene NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 175 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 410 176 field field NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 411 1 isolates isolate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 1 Phylogeography phylogeography NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 2 takes take VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 3 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 4 relaxed relaxed JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 5 random random JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 6 walk walk NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 7 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 8 continuous continuous JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 9 space space NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 10 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 11 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 12 Combining combine VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 13 phylogeography phylogeography NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 14 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 15 spatial spatial JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 16 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 17 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 18 uncover uncover VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 19 predictors predictor NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 20 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 21 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 22 influenza influenza NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 23 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 24 virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 25 diffusion diffusion NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 26 Novel Novel NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 27 approaches approach NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 28 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 29 spatial spatial JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 30 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 31 molecular molecular JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 32 surveillance surveillance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 33 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 34 Porcine porcine JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 35 Reproductive Reproductive NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 36 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 37 Respiratory Respiratory NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 38 Syndrome Syndrome NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 39 Virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 41 PRRSv PRRSv NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 43 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 44 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 45 United United NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 46 States States NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 412 47 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 1 Sci Sci NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 2 Rep Rep NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 3 Unifying Unifying NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 4 viral viral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 5 genetics genetic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 6 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 7 human human JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 8 transportation transportation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 9 data datum NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 10 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 11 predict predict VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 12 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 13 global global JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 14 transmission transmission NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 15 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 16 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 17 human human JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 18 influenza influenza NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 19 H3N2 H3N2 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 20 Widespread widespread JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 21 reassortment reassortment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 22 shapes shape VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 23 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 24 evolution evolution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 25 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 26 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 27 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 28 bluetongue bluetongue NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 29 virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 30 following follow VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 31 European european JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 32 invasion invasion NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 33 Bayesian bayesian JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 34 phylogenetic phylogenetic NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 35 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 36 phylodynamic phylodynamic NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 37 data datum NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 38 integration integration NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 39 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 40 BEAST BEAST NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 41 1.10 1.10 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 42 Improving improve VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 43 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 44 accuracy accuracy NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 45 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 46 demographic demographic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 47 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 48 molecular molecular JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 49 clock clock NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 50 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 51 comparison comparison NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 52 while while IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 53 accommodating accommodate VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 54 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 55 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 56 New new JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 57 routes route NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 58 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 59 phylogeography phylogeography NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 413 60 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 1 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 2 Bayesian bayesian JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 3 structured structured JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 4 coalescent coalescent NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 5 approximation approximation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 6 Phylodynamic Phylodynamic NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 7 reconstruction reconstruction NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 8 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 9 O O NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 10 CATHAY CATHAY NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 11 topotype topotype NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 12 foot foot NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 13 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 14 andmouth andmouth NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 15 disease disease NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 16 virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 17 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 18 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 19 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 20 Philippines Philippines NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 21 Phylodynamics Phylodynamics NNPS cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 22 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 23 H1N1/2009 H1N1/2009 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 24 influenza influenza NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 25 reveals reveal VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 26 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 27 transition transition NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 28 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 29 host host NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 30 adaptation adaptation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 31 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 32 immune immune NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 33 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 34 driven drive VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 35 selection selection NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 36 Transmission transmission NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 37 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 38 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 39 re re NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 40 - - JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 41 emerging emerge VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 42 rabies rabie NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 43 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 44 domestic domestic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 45 dogs dog NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 46 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 47 rural rural JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 48 China China NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 49 Genetic genetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 50 diversity diversity NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 51 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 52 PRRS PRRS NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 53 virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 54 collected collect VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 55 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 56 air air NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 57 samples sample NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 58 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 59 four four CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 60 different different JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 61 regions region NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 62 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 63 concentrated concentrated JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 64 swine swine NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 65 production production NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 66 during during IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 67 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 68 high high JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 69 incidence incidence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 414 70 season season NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 1 The the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 2 spread spread NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 3 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 4 type type NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 5 2 2 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 6 Porcine porcine JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 7 Reproductive reproductive JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 8 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 9 Respiratory respiratory JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 10 Syndrome Syndrome NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 11 Virus Virus NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 13 PRRSV PRRSV NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 15 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 16 North North NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 17 America America NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 18 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 19 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 20 phylogeographic phylogeographic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 21 approach approach NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 22 Bayesian bayesian JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 23 phylogeography phylogeography NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 24 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 25 influenza influenza NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 26 A A NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 27 / / SYM cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 28 H3N2 H3N2 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 29 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 30 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 31 2014 2014 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 32 - - SYM cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 33 15 15 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 34 season season NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 35 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 36 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 37 United United NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 38 States States NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 39 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 40 three three CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 41 frameworks framework NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 42 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 43 ancestral ancestral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 44 state state NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 45 reconstruction reconstruction NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 46 Improving improve VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 47 bayesian bayesian JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 48 population population NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 49 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 50 inference inference NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 51 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 52 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 53 coalescent coalescent NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 54 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 55 based base VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 56 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 57 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 58 multiple multiple JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 59 loci locus NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 60 Real real JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 61 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 62 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 63 characterization characterization NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 64 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 65 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 66 molecular molecular JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 67 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 68 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 69 an an DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 70 influenza influenza NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 71 pandemic pandemic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 72 Reassortment Reassortment NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 73 patterns pattern NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 74 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 75 avian avian JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 76 influenza influenza NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 77 virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 78 internal internal JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 79 segments segment NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 80 among among IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 81 different different JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 415 82 subtypes subtype NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 416 1 Avian avian JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 416 2 influenza influenza NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 416 3 virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 416 4 exhibits exhibit VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 416 5 distinct distinct JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 416 6 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 416 7 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 416 8 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 416 9 wild wild JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 416 10 birds bird NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 416 11 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 416 12 poultry poultry NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 416 13 Applications Applications NNPS cord-024061-gxv8y146 416 14 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 416 15 bayesian bayesian JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 416 16 phylodynamic phylodynamic NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 416 17 methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 416 18 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 416 19 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 416 20 recent recent JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 416 21 porcine porcine JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 416 22 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 416 23 US US NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 416 24 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 417 1 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 417 2 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 417 3 syndrome syndrome NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 417 4 virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 417 5 outbreak outbreak NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 417 6 HIV HIV NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 417 7 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 417 8 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 1 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 2 early early JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 3 spread spread NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 4 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 5 epidemic epidemic NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 6 ignition ignition NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 7 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 8 HIV−1 HIV−1 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 9 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 10 human human JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 11 populations population NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 12 Reconstruction Reconstruction NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 13 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 14 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 15 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 16 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 17 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 18 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 19 A(H1N1)pdm09 A(H1N1)pdm09 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 20 influenza influenza NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 21 virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 22 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 23 Italy Italy NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 24 during during IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 25 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 26 pandemic pandemic NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 27 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 28 post post JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 29 - - JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 30 pandemic pandemic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 31 phases phase NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 32 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 33 A A NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 34 Virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 35 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 36 Swine Swine NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 37 Surveillance Surveillance NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 38 Origins Origins NNPS cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 39 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 40 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 41 genomics genomic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 42 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 43 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 44 2009 2009 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 45 swine swine NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 46 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 47 origin origin NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 48 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 49 influenza influenza NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 50 A a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 51 epidemic epidemic NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 52 Phylogenomics Phylogenomics NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 53 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 54 molecular molecular JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 55 evolution evolution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 56 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 57 foot foot NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 58 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 59 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 60 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 61 mouth mouth NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 62 disease disease NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 63 virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 64 Phylogeographic Phylogeographic NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 65 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 66 cross cross JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 67 - - JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 68 species species JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 69 transmission transmission NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 70 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 71 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 72 SAT1 SAT1 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 73 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 74 SAT2 SAT2 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 75 foot foot NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 76 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 77 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 78 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 79 mouth mouth NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 80 disease disease NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 81 virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 82 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 83 eastern eastern JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 84 Africa Africa NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 85 Spatiotemporal Spatiotemporal NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 86 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 87 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 88 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 89 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 90 highly highly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 91 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 92 avian avian JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 93 influenza influenza NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 94 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 95 West West NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 96 Africa Africa NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 97 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 98 Nigeria Nigeria NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 99 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 100 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 101 virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 102 migration migration NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 103 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 104 persistence persistence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 105 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 106 north north JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 107 american american JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 108 wild wild JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 109 birds bird NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 110 Alignment Alignment NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 111 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 112 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 113 genomic genomic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 114 analysis analysis NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 115 Multiple multiple JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 116 sequence sequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 117 alignment alignment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 118 averaging averaging NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 119 improves improve VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 120 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 121 reconstruction reconstruction NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 122 Clustal Clustal NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 123 W W NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 418 124 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 1 clustal clustal NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 2 X X NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 3 version version NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 4 2.0 2.0 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 5 Coffee Coffee NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 6 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 7 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 8 novel novel JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 9 method method NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 10 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 11 fast fast JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 12 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 13 accurate accurate JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 14 multiple multiple JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 15 sequence sequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 16 alignment alignment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 17 MUSCLE muscle NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 18 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 19 multiple multiple JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 20 sequence sequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 21 alignment alignment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 22 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 23 high high JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 24 accuracy accuracy NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 25 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 26 high high JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 27 throughput throughput NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 28 AliView AliView NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 29 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 30 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 31 fast fast JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 32 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 33 lightweight lightweight JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 34 alignment alignment NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 35 viewer viewer NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 36 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 37 editor editor NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 38 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 39 large large JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 40 datasets dataset NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 41 Evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 42 trees tree NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 43 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 44 DNA dna NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 45 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 46 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 47 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 48 maximum maximum JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 49 likelihood likelihood NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 50 approach approach NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 51 Methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 52 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 53 computing compute VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 54 wagner wagner NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 419 55 trees tree NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 420 1 The the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 420 2 neighbor neighbor NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 420 3 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 420 4 joining join VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 420 5 method method NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 420 6 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 420 7 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 420 8 new new JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 420 9 method method NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 420 10 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 420 11 reconstructing reconstruct VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 420 12 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 420 13 trees tree NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 420 14 Building build VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 420 15 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 420 16 trees tree NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 420 17 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 420 18 molecular molecular JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 420 19 data datum NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 420 20 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 420 21 MEGA MEGA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 420 22 RAxML RAxML NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 420 23 version version NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 420 24 8 8 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 420 25 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 420 26 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 420 27 tool tool NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 420 28 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 420 29 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 420 30 analysis analysis NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 420 31 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 420 32 post post NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 420 33 - - NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 420 34 analysis analysis NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 420 35 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 420 36 large large JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 420 37 phylogenies phylogeny NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 421 1 The the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 421 2 phylogeography phylogeography NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 421 3 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 421 4 human human JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 421 5 viruses virus NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 422 1 Treemmer Treemmer NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 422 2 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 422 3 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 422 4 tool tool NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 422 5 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 422 6 reduce reduce VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 422 7 large large JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 422 8 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 422 9 datasets dataset NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 422 10 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 422 11 minimal minimal JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 422 12 loss loss NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 422 13 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 422 14 diversity diversity NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 422 15 Recombination Recombination NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 422 16 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 422 17 viruses virus NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 422 18 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 422 19 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 422 20 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 422 21 methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 422 22 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 422 23 study study NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 422 24 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 422 25 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 422 26 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 422 27 consequences consequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 423 1 Consequences consequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 423 2 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 423 3 recombination recombination NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 423 4 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 423 5 traditional traditional JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 423 6 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 423 7 analysis analysis NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 424 1 RDP3 rdp3 NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 424 2 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 424 3 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 424 4 flexible flexible JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 424 5 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 424 6 fast fast JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 424 7 computer computer NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 424 8 program program NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 424 9 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 424 10 analyzing analyze VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 424 11 recombination recombination NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 424 12 Exploring explore VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 424 13 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 424 14 temporal temporal JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 424 15 structure structure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 424 16 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 424 17 heterochronous heterochronous JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 424 18 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 424 19 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 424 20 tempEst tempEst . cord-024061-gxv8y146 424 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 425 1 formerly formerly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 425 2 path path NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 425 3 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 425 4 O o NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 425 5 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 425 6 Gen gen NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 425 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 425 8 Measurably measurably RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 425 9 evolving evolve VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 425 10 populations population NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 425 11 Substitution substitution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 425 12 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 425 13 site site NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 425 14 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 426 1 Fast fast RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 426 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 426 3 accurate accurate JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 426 4 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 426 5 simulation simulation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 426 6 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 426 7 free free JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 426 8 stochastic stochastic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 426 9 mapping mapping NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 426 10 Dating Dating NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 426 11 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 426 12 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 426 13 human human JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 426 14 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 426 15 ape ape NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 426 16 splitting splitting NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 426 17 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 426 18 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 426 19 molecular molecular JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 426 20 clock clock NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 426 21 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 426 22 mitochondrial mitochondrial JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 426 23 DNA dna NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 427 1 Some some DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 427 2 probabilistic probabilistic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 427 3 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 427 4 statistical statistical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 427 5 problems problem NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 427 6 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 427 7 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 427 8 analysis analysis NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 427 9 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 427 10 DNA dna NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 427 11 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 428 1 Maximum maximum JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 428 2 likelihood likelihood NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 428 3 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 428 4 estimation estimation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 428 5 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 428 6 DNA dna NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 428 7 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 428 8 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 428 9 variable variable JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 428 10 rates rate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 428 11 over over IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 428 12 sites site NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 428 13 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 429 1 approximate approximate JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 429 2 methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 430 1 Maximum maximum JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 430 2 likelihood likelihood NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 430 3 estimation estimation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 430 4 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 430 5 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 430 6 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 430 7 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 430 8 substitution substitution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 430 9 rate rate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 430 10 among among IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 430 11 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 430 12 sites site NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 1 An an DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 2 empirical empirical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 3 examination examination NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 4 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 5 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 6 utility utility NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 7 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 8 codon codon NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 9 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 10 substitution substitution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 11 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 12 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 13 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 14 reconstruction reconstruction NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 15 Maximum maximum NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 16 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 17 likelihood likelihood NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 18 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 19 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 20 combined combined JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 21 analyses analysis NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 22 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 23 multiple multiple JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 24 sequence sequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 25 data datum NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 26 Likelihood likelihood NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 27 ratio ratio NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 28 tests test NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 29 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 30 detecting detect VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 31 positive positive JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 32 selection selection NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 33 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 34 application application NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 35 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 36 primate primate JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 37 lysozyme lysozyme NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 38 evolution evolution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 39 Estimating estimate VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 40 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 41 dimension dimension NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 42 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 43 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 44 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 45 Regression regression NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 46 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 47 time time NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 48 series series NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 49 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 50 selection selection NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 51 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 52 small small JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 53 samples sample NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 54 Methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 55 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 56 selecting select VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 57 fixedeffect fixedeffect NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 58 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 59 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 60 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 61 codon codon NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 62 evolution evolution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 63 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 64 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 65 comments comment NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 66 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 67 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 68 application application NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 69 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 70 gene gene NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 71 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 72 genome genome NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 73 data datum NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 74 Partitionfinder Partitionfinder NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 75 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 76 combined combine VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 77 selection selection NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 78 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 79 partitioning partitioning NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 80 schemes scheme NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 81 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 82 substitution substitution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 83 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 84 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 85 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 86 analyses analysis NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 87 ModelTest ModelTest NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 88 2 2 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 89 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 90 more more JJR cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 91 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 92 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 93 new new JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 94 heuristics heuristic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 95 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 96 parallel parallel JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 97 computing computing NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 98 bModelTest bmodeltest NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 431 99 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 432 1 Bayesian bayesian JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 432 2 phylogenetic phylogenetic NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 432 3 site site NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 432 4 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 432 5 averaging averaging NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 432 6 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 432 7 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 432 8 comparison comparison NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 433 1 The the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 433 2 molecular molecular JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 433 3 clock clock NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 433 4 Divergence divergence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 433 5 time time NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 433 6 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 433 7 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 433 8 rate rate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 433 9 estimation estimation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 433 10 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 433 11 multilocus multilocus NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 433 12 data datum NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 433 13 Relaxed relaxed JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 433 14 phylogenetics phylogenetic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 433 15 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 433 16 dating date VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 433 17 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 433 18 confidence confidence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 433 19 Estimation estimation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 433 20 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 433 21 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 433 22 transition transition NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 433 23 / / SYM cord-024061-gxv8y146 433 24 transversion transversion NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 433 25 rate rate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 433 26 bias bias NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 433 27 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 433 28 species species NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 433 29 sampling sample VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 433 30 Bayesian Bayesian NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 433 31 random random JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 433 32 local local JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 433 33 clocks clock NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 433 34 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 433 35 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 433 36 one one CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 433 37 rate rate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 433 38 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 433 39 rule rule VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 433 40 them -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 433 41 all all DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 433 42 Evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 433 43 trees tree NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 1 On on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 2 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 3 genealogy genealogy NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 4 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 5 large large JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 6 populations population NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 7 Estimating estimate VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 8 effective effective JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 9 population population NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 10 size size NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 11 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 12 mutation mutation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 13 rate rate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 14 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 15 sequence sequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 16 data datum NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 17 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 18 Metropolis Metropolis NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 19 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 20 hastings hastings NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 21 sampling sampling NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 22 Estimating Estimating NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 23 mutation mutation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 24 parameters parameter NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 25 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 26 population population NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 27 history history NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 28 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 29 genealogy genealogy NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 30 simultaneously simultaneously RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 31 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 32 temporally temporally RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 33 spaced space VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 34 sequence sequence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 35 data data NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 36 Maximum maximum NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 37 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 38 likelihood likelihood NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 39 estimation estimation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 40 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 41 migration migration NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 42 rates rate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 43 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 44 effective effective JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 45 population population NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 46 numbers number NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 47 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 48 two two CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 49 populations population NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 50 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 51 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 52 coalescent coalescent JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 53 approach approach NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 54 Unifying unify VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 55 vertical vertical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 56 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 57 nonvertical nonvertical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 58 evolution evolution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 59 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 60 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 61 stochastic stochastic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 62 ARG arg NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 63 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 64 based base VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 65 framework framework NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 66 A a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 67 viral viral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 68 sampling sampling NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 69 design design NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 70 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 71 testing test VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 72 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 73 molecular molecular JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 74 clock clock NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 75 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 76 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 77 estimating estimate VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 78 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 79 rates rate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 80 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 81 divergence divergence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 82 times time NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 83 Ancestral ancestral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 84 inference inference NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 85 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 86 population population NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 87 genetics genetics NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 88 Phylodynamics Phylodynamics NNPS cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 89 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 90 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 91 highly highly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 92 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 93 avian avian JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 94 influenza influenza NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 95 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 434 96 europe europe NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 1 An an DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 2 integrated integrated JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 3 framework framework NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 4 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 5 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 6 inference inference NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 7 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 8 viral viral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 9 population population NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 10 history history NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 11 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 12 reconstructed reconstruct VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 13 genealogies genealogy NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 14 Bayesian bayesian JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 15 coalescent coalescent JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 16 inference inference NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 17 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 18 past past JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 19 population population NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 20 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 21 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 22 molecular molecular JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 23 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 24 Smooth Smooth NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 25 skyride skyride NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 26 through through IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 27 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 28 rough rough JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 29 skyline skyline NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 30 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 31 bayesian bayesian JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 32 coalescent coalescent NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 33 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 34 based base VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 35 inference inference NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 36 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 37 population population NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 38 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 39 Structured structure VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 40 trees tree NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 41 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 42 phylogeography phylogeography NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 43 Bayesian bayesian JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 44 phylogeography phylogeography NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 45 finds find VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 46 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 47 roots root NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 48 Phylodynamics phylodynamic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 49 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 50 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 51 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 52 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 53 african african JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 54 swine swine NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 55 fever fever NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 56 p72-CVR p72-cvr CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 57 genes gene NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 58 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 59 Eurasia Eurasia NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 60 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 61 Africa Africa NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 62 Using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 63 temporally temporally RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 64 spaced space VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 65 sequences sequence NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 66 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 67 simultaneously simultaneously RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 68 estimate estimate VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 69 migration migration NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 70 rates rate NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 71 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 72 mutation mutation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 73 rate rate NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 74 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 75 population population NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 76 sizes size NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 77 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 78 measurably measurably RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 79 evolving evolve VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 80 populations population NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 81 SCOTTI SCOTTI NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 82 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 83 efficient efficient JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 84 reconstruction reconstruction NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 85 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 86 transmission transmission NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 87 within within IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 88 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 89 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 90 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 91 structured structured JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 92 coalescent coalescent NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 93 MASCOT mascot NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 94 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 95 parameter parameter NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 96 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 97 state state NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 98 inference inference NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 99 under under IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 100 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 101 marginal marginal JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 102 structured structured JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 103 coalescent coalescent NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 104 approximation approximation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 105 Phylodynamics phylodynamic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 106 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 107 infectious infectious JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 108 disease disease NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 109 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 110 Modelling model VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 111 tree tree NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 112 shape shape NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 113 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 114 structure structure NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 115 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 116 viral viral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 117 phylodynamics phylodynamic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 118 Using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 119 an an DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 120 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 121 model model NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 122 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 123 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 124 inference inference NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 125 reveals reveal VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 126 density density NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 127 dependence dependence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 128 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 129 HIV HIV NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 130 transmission transmission NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 131 Bayesian Bayesian NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 132 phylogenetics phylogenetic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 133 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 134 BEAUti BEAUti NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 135 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 136 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 137 BEAST BEAST NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 138 1.7 1.7 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 139 Available available JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 140 online online RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 141 at at IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 142 Available available JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 143 online online RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 144 at at IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 145 Model Model NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 146 Selection Selection NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 147 Tutorial Tutorial NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 148 Choosing choose VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 149 among among IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 150 partition partition NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 151 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 152 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 153 Bayesian Bayesian NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 154 Phylogenetics Phylogenetics NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 155 Posterior Posterior NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 156 analysis analysis NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 157 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 158 post post NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 159 processing process VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 160 Posterior posterior JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 161 summarization summarization NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 162 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 163 Bayesian Bayesian NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 164 phylogenetics phylogenetic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 165 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 166 tracer tracer NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 167 1.7 1.7 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 168 Should Should MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 169 phylogenetic phylogenetic VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 170 models model NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 171 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 172 trying try VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 173 to to TO cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 174 " " `` cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 175 fit fit VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 176 an an DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 177 elephant elephant NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 178 " " '' cord-024061-gxv8y146 435 179 ? ? . cord-024061-gxv8y146 436 1 SpreaD3 SpreaD3 . cord-024061-gxv8y146 437 1 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 438 1 interactive interactive JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 438 2 visualization visualization NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 438 3 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 438 4 spatiotemporal spatiotemporal JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 438 5 history history NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 438 6 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 438 7 trait trait NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 438 8 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 438 9 processes process NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 439 1 Novel novel JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 439 2 reassortant reassortant JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 439 3 human human NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 439 4 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 439 5 Like like JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 1 H3N2 H3N2 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 2 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 3 H3N1 H3N1 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 4 influenza influenza NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 5 A a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 6 Viruses virus NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 7 detected detect VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 8 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 9 pigs pig NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 10 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 11 virulent virulent JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 12 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 13 antigenically antigenically RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 14 distinct distinct JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 15 from from IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 16 Swine swine NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 17 viruses virus NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 18 endemic endemic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 19 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 20 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 21 United United NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 22 States States NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 23 Lipman Lipman NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 24 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 25 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 26 influenza influenza NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 27 virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 28 resource resource NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 29 at at IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 30 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 31 national national JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 32 center center NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 33 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 34 biotechnology biotechnology NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 35 information information NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 36 Bowman Bowman NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 37 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 38 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 39 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 40 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 41 influenza influenza NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 42 A a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 43 viruses virus NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 44 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 45 US US NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 46 exhibition exhibition NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 47 swine swine NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 48 Phylogeography Phylogeography NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 49 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 50 swine swine NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 51 influenza influenza NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 52 H3N2 H3N2 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 53 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 54 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 55 United United NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 56 States States NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 57 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 58 translational translational JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 59 public public JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 60 health health NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 61 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 62 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 63 disease disease NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 64 surveillance surveillance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 65 Spatial spatial JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 66 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 67 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 68 human human JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 69 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 70 origin origin NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 71 H1 h1 NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 440 72 influenza influenza NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 441 1 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 441 2 virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 441 3 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 441 4 North north JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 441 5 American american JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 441 6 swine swine NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 441 7 Fast fast JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 441 8 dating date VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 441 9 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 441 10 least least JJS cord-024061-gxv8y146 441 11 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 441 12 Squares square NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 441 13 criteria criterion NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 441 14 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 441 15 algorithms algorithm NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 441 16 Prevalence prevalence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 441 17 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 441 18 influenza influenza NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 442 1 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 442 2 virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 442 3 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 442 4 exhibition exhibition NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 442 5 swine swine NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 442 6 during during IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 442 7 arrival arrival NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 442 8 at at IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 442 9 agricultural agricultural JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 442 10 fairs fair NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 443 1 The the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 443 2 effects effect NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 443 3 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 443 4 sampling sampling NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 443 5 strategy strategy NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 443 6 on on IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 443 7 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 443 8 quality quality NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 443 9 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 443 10 reconstruction reconstruction NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 443 11 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 443 12 viral viral JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 443 13 population population NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 443 14 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 443 15 using use VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 443 16 Bayesian Bayesian NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 443 17 skyline skyline NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 443 18 family family NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 443 19 coalescent coalescent NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 443 20 methods method NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 443 21 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 443 22 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 443 23 simulation simulation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 443 24 study study NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 443 25 Phylodynamics phylodynamic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 443 26 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 443 27 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 443 28 emergence emergence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 443 29 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 443 30 influenza influenza NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 443 31 viruses virus NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 443 32 after after IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 443 33 cross cross JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 443 34 - - JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 443 35 species species JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 443 36 transmission transmission NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 1 The the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 2 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 3 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 4 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 5 influenza influenza NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 6 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 7 virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 8 adaptation adaptation NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 9 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 10 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 11 hosts host NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 12 Full full JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 13 genome genome NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 14 sequencing sequencing NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 15 reveals reveal VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 16 New New NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 17 Southern southern JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 18 African African NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 19 Territories Territories NNPS cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 20 genotypes genotype NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 21 Bringing bring VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 22 us -PRON- PRP cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 23 closer close RBR cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 24 to to IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 25 understanding understand VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 26 true true JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 27 variability variability NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 28 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 29 foot foot NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 30 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 31 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 32 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 33 mouth mouth NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 34 disease disease NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 35 virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 36 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 37 Africa Africa NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 38 Reconstructing reconstruct VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 39 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 40 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 41 history history NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 42 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 43 pandemic pandemic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 44 foot foot NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 45 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 46 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 47 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 48 mouth mouth NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 49 disease disease NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 50 viruses virus NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 51 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 52 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 53 impact impact NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 54 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 55 recombination recombination NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 56 within within IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 57 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 444 58 emerging emerge VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 445 1 O o UH cord-024061-gxv8y146 445 2 / / SYM cord-024061-gxv8y146 445 3 ME ME NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 445 4 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 445 5 SA SA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 445 6 / / SYM cord-024061-gxv8y146 445 7 Ind-2001 Ind-2001 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 445 8 lineage lineage NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 445 9 Evolution evolution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 445 10 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 445 11 bluetongue bluetongue NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 445 12 virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 445 13 serotype serotype NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 445 14 1 1 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 445 15 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 445 16 northern northern JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 445 17 Australia Australia NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 446 1 over over IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 446 2 30 30 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 446 3 years year NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 447 1 Phylodynamics phylodynamic NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 447 2 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 447 3 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 447 4 avian avian JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 447 5 influenza influenza NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 447 6 virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 447 7 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 447 8 Indonesia Indonesia NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 447 9 Dynamics Dynamics NNPS cord-024061-gxv8y146 447 10 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 447 11 evolution evolution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 447 12 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 447 13 highly highly RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 447 14 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 447 15 porcine porcine JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 447 16 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 447 17 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 447 18 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 447 19 syndrome syndrome NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 447 20 virus virus NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 447 21 following follow VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 447 22 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-024061-gxv8y146 447 23 introduction introduction NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 447 24 into into IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 447 25 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 447 26 herd herd NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 447 27 concurrently concurrently RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 447 28 infected infect VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 447 29 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 447 30 both both DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 447 31 types type NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 447 32 1 1 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 447 33 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 447 34 2 2 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 447 35 TreeTime TreeTime NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 447 36 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 447 37 maximum maximum JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 447 38 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 447 39 likelihood likelihood JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 447 40 phylodynamic phylodynamic NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 447 41 analysis analysis NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 448 1 Scalable scalable JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 448 2 relaxed relaxed JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 448 3 clock clock NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 448 4 phylogenetic phylogenetic NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 448 5 dating date VBG cord-024061-gxv8y146 448 6 Phylodynamic Phylodynamic NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 448 7 applications application NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 448 8 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 448 9 21(st 21(st CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 448 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 449 1 century century NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 449 2 global global JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 449 3 infectious infectious JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 449 4 disease disease NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 449 5 research research NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 449 6 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 450 1 Glob Glob NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 450 2 Health Health NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 450 3 Res Res NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 450 4 Policy policy NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 451 1 The the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 451 2 study study NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 451 3 was be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 451 4 designed design VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 451 5 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 451 6 MA MA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 451 7 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 451 8 MT MT NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 451 9 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 452 1 The the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 452 2 data datum NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 452 3 were be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 452 4 collected collect VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 452 5 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 452 6 organized organize VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 452 7 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 452 8 CL CL NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 452 9 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 453 1 All all DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 453 2 statistical statistical JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 453 3 analyses analysis NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 453 4 were be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 453 5 conducted conduct VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 453 6 by by IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 453 7 MA MA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 453 8 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 454 1 MA MA NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 454 2 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 454 3 CL CL NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 454 4 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 454 5 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 454 6 MT MT NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 454 7 wrote write VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 454 8 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 454 9 first first JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 454 10 draft draft NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 454 11 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 454 12 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 454 13 manuscript manuscript NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 454 14 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 455 1 The the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 455 2 Supplementary Supplementary NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 455 3 Material Material NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 455 4 for for IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 455 5 this this DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 455 6 article article NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 455 7 can can MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 455 8 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 455 9 found find VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 455 10 online online RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 455 11 at at IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 455 12 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 455 13 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvet NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 455 14 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 456 1 2020.00176 2020.00176 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 457 1 /full#supplementary /full#supplementary JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 457 2 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 457 3 material material NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 457 4 Conflict conflict NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 457 5 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 457 6 Interest interest NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 457 7 : : : cord-024061-gxv8y146 458 1 The the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 458 2 authors author NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 458 3 declare declare VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 458 4 that that IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 458 5 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 458 6 research research NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 458 7 was be VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 458 8 conducted conduct VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 458 9 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 458 10 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 458 11 absence absence NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 458 12 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 458 13 any any DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 458 14 commercial commercial JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 458 15 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 458 16 financial financial JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 458 17 relationships relationship NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 458 18 that that WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 458 19 could could MD cord-024061-gxv8y146 458 20 be be VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 458 21 construed construe VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 458 22 as as IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 458 23 a a DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 458 24 potential potential JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 458 25 conflict conflict NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 458 26 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 458 27 interest interest NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 458 28 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 459 1 Copyright copyright NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 459 2 © © NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 459 3 2020 2020 CD cord-024061-gxv8y146 459 4 Alkhamis Alkhamis NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 459 5 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 459 6 Li Li NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 459 7 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 459 8 Torremorell Torremorell NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 459 9 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 460 1 This this DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 460 2 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 460 3 an an DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 460 4 open open JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 460 5 - - HYPH cord-024061-gxv8y146 460 6 access access NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 460 7 article article NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 460 8 distributed distribute VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 460 9 under under IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 460 10 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 460 11 terms term NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 460 12 of of IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 460 13 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 460 14 Creative Creative NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 460 15 Commons Commons NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 460 16 Attribution Attribution NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 460 17 License License NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 460 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 460 19 CC CC NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 460 20 BY BY NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 460 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 460 22 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 461 1 The the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 461 2 use use NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 461 3 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 461 4 distribution distribution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 461 5 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 461 6 reproduction reproduction NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 461 7 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 461 8 other other JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 461 9 forums forum NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 461 10 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 461 11 permitted permit VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 461 12 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 461 13 provided provide VBD cord-024061-gxv8y146 461 14 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 461 15 original original JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 461 16 author(s author(s NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 461 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 461 18 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 461 19 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 461 20 copyright copyright NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 461 21 owner(s owner(s NNP cord-024061-gxv8y146 461 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-024061-gxv8y146 461 23 are be VBP cord-024061-gxv8y146 461 24 credited credit VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 461 25 and and CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 461 26 that that IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 461 27 the the DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 461 28 original original JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 461 29 publication publication NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 461 30 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 461 31 this this DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 461 32 journal journal NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 461 33 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 461 34 cited cite VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 461 35 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 461 36 in in IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 461 37 accordance accordance NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 461 38 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 461 39 accepted accepted JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 461 40 academic academic JJ cord-024061-gxv8y146 461 41 practice practice NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 461 42 . . . cord-024061-gxv8y146 462 1 No no DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 462 2 use use NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 462 3 , , , cord-024061-gxv8y146 462 4 distribution distribution NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 462 5 or or CC cord-024061-gxv8y146 462 6 reproduction reproduction NN cord-024061-gxv8y146 462 7 is be VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 462 8 permitted permit VBN cord-024061-gxv8y146 462 9 which which WDT cord-024061-gxv8y146 462 10 does do VBZ cord-024061-gxv8y146 462 11 not not RB cord-024061-gxv8y146 462 12 comply comply VB cord-024061-gxv8y146 462 13 with with IN cord-024061-gxv8y146 462 14 these these DT cord-024061-gxv8y146 462 15 terms term NNS cord-024061-gxv8y146 462 16 . . .